{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/zp3vt1h93g/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Garber, Alfred \"Al\""]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1989-11-01 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Audio"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAlfred \"Al\" Garber was interviewed by Lila Beth Young on November 1, 1989 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eAlfred “Al” Garber was the son of Elias “Eli” Garber and Rosa Gershon Garber, Russian immigrants who arrived in the United States in the early 1900s. Al was born in 1910. His father was an optician and a grocer. After his father died in 1922 and his mother contracted tuberculosis, he spent his remaining childhood years in the Hebrew Orphans' Home in Atlanta, along with his sisters Freda Garber Goldstein Karp and Janet Garber Nadel. He was a graduate of Boys’ High School in Atlanta and the University of Georgia in Athens. He was a CPA who co-founded Young \u0026amp; Garber. He was a philanthropist who was a leader in the Atlanta Jewish Community Center, the Standard Club, Ahavath Achim Congregation and the Temple. He was president of the Jewish Children’s Service which began as the Hebrew Orphans’ Home, and president of the Mayfair Club. He founded the City of Hope Foundation in memory of his son Eliot (who died at age 20) to aid sick children. He and his wife Geraldine “Gerry” Cohen Garber were the parents of Eliot J. Garber, Stephen William Garber, and Richard Garber. Al died in 1997 at the age of 87.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eAlfred begins by saying his parents immigrated from Russia and Poland and settled in Atlanta before he was born in 1910. Alfred talks about his mother contracting tuberculosis when he was eight years old and going to a sanitarium in Asheville, North Carolina where she remained throughout his childhood. He says he was placed in the Hebrew Orphans’ Home in Atlanta after his father died in 1921. He discusses residing in the Home until graduating from Boys’ High School in 1928. He talks about the origin of the Home, describes the facility in detail, and recalls the years he spent there. He discusses the strict daily routine at the Home. He remembers several people who staffed the Home: Feist M. Strauss, Gussie Jackson, and Mr. Guttenheimer. He talks about the Home closing in the 1930’s and the eventual redirection of the Home’s endowment to fund the Jewish Educational Loan Fund (JELF) which loans money to needy college students. He recalls attending a reunion in 1969 with other former residents of the Hebrew Orphans’ Home. He mentions several of those who attended. He mentions attending High Holy Day services at The Temple when he lived at the Hebrew Orphans’ Home, where he was called to the Torah as a bar mitzvah. He says he had no experience with antisemitism in college or at work with one exception. He recalls declining an invitation from Bill Bowden, chairman of Trust Company, to be a guest at the Cloister in Sea Island, Georgia. He explains that Jews were not allowed to stay at the Cloister. He tells about the Hal Hirsch Scholarship and financial help from Joseph Loewus that allowed him to attend the University of Georgia (UGA) and obtain a degree in accounting. He discusses his career as an accounting professional. He talks about Herbert Haas helping him land his first job at Harvey H. Hunt. He talks about leaving this firm to co-found Young and Garber with his partner Harold Sykes Young. He relates how Young and his wife died in the plane crash at Orly field in 1962 during which 120 Atlanta residents died. He mentions his community and philanthropic activities. He says he served on the board of the Hebrew Orphans’ Home, was president of the Jewish Children’s Service which began as the Hebrew Orphans’ Home and was president of the Mayfair Club. He mentions being honored for his activities at the City of Hope. He tells about meeting his wife Gerry when they were students at UGA. He discusses their courtship, wedding, and fiftieth wedding anniversary celebration. He talks about the connections of his two sons with Jewish organizations, especially his son Stephen and daughter-in-law Marianne. He mentions his visits to Israel and his support for Israel. He gives his opinion on the “who is a Jew” issue in Israel and in the American Jewish community.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28004"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Garber, Alfred, 1910-1997 (personal name)","Hebrew Orphan's Home (corporate name)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","University of Georgia (corporate name)","Boys' High School (corporate name)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAlfred \"Al\" Garber was interviewed by Lila Beth Young on November 1, 1989 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlfred “Al” Garber was the son of Elias “Eli” Garber and Rosa Gershon Garber, Russian immigrants who arrived in the United States in the early 1900s. Al was born in 1910. His father was an optician and a grocer. After his father died in 1922 and his mother contracted tuberculosis, he spent his remaining childhood years in the Hebrew Orphans' Home in Atlanta, along with his sisters Freda Garber Goldstein Karp and Janet Garber Nadel. He was a graduate of Boys’ High School in Atlanta and the University of Georgia in Athens. He was a CPA who co-founded Young \u0026amp; Garber. He was a philanthropist who was a leader in the Atlanta Jewish Community Center, the Standard Club, Ahavath Achim Congregation and the Temple. He was president of the Jewish Children’s Service which began as the Hebrew Orphans’ Home, and president of the Mayfair Club. He founded the City of Hope Foundation in memory of his son Eliot (who died at age 20) to aid sick children. He and his wife Geraldine “Gerry” Cohen Garber were the parents of Eliot J. Garber, Stephen William Garber, and Richard Garber. Al died in 1997 at the age of 87.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlfred begins by saying his parents immigrated from Russia and Poland and settled in Atlanta before he was born in 1910. Alfred talks about his mother contracting tuberculosis when he was eight years old and going to a sanitarium in Asheville, North Carolina where she remained throughout his childhood. He says he was placed in the Hebrew Orphans’ Home in Atlanta after his father died in 1921. He discusses residing in the Home until graduating from Boys’ High School in 1928. He talks about the origin of the Home, describes the facility in detail, and recalls the years he spent there. He discusses the strict daily routine at the Home. He remembers several people who staffed the Home: Feist M. Strauss, Gussie Jackson, and Mr. Guttenheimer. He talks about the Home closing in the 1930’s and the eventual redirection of the Home’s endowment to fund the Jewish Educational Loan Fund (JELF) which loans money to needy college students. He recalls attending a reunion in 1969 with other former residents of the Hebrew Orphans’ Home. He mentions several of those who attended. He mentions attending High Holy Day services at The Temple when he lived at the Hebrew Orphans’ Home, where he was called to the Torah as a bar mitzvah. He says he had no experience with antisemitism in college or at work with one exception. He recalls declining an invitation from Bill Bowden, chairman of Trust Company, to be a guest at the Cloister in Sea Island, Georgia. He explains that Jews were not allowed to stay at the Cloister. He tells about the Hal Hirsch Scholarship and financial help from Joseph Loewus that allowed him to attend the University of Georgia (UGA) and obtain a degree in accounting. He discusses his career as an accounting professional. He talks about Herbert Haas helping him land his first job at Harvey H. Hunt. He talks about leaving this firm to co-found Young and Garber with his partner Harold Sykes Young. He relates how Young and his wife died in the plane crash at Orly field in 1962 during which 120 Atlanta residents died. He mentions his community and philanthropic activities. He says he served on the board of the Hebrew Orphans’ Home, was president of the Jewish Children’s Service which began as the Hebrew Orphans’ Home and was president of the Mayfair Club. He mentions being honored for his activities at the City of Hope. He tells about meeting his wife Gerry when they were students at UGA. He discusses their courtship, wedding, and fiftieth wedding anniversary celebration. He talks about the connections of his two sons with Jewish organizations, especially his son Stephen and daughter-in-law Marianne. He mentions his visits to Israel and his support for Israel. He gives his opinion on the “who is a Jew” issue in Israel and in the American Jewish community.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/097/807/small/Al_Garber.jpeg?1619289178","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Garber_Alfred.mp3"]},"duration":7374.23674,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/097/807/small/Al_Garber.jpeg?1619289178","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/097/807/original/Garber_Alfred.mp3?1611761678","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mp3","duration":7374.23674,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Al Garber [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"YOUNG: . . . by Lila Beth Young at the Home of Mr. Garber, 2812 Plantation\nDrive, Atlanta, Georgia on November 1, 1989. Tell me about your early childhood.\n\nGARBER: My early childhood was a little bit on the rough side. I was born to\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russian and Polish immigrants who came over in the 1880's or 1890's and settled\nin Atlanta in about 1906 or 1907. I was born in 1910. My father, who was a\nlearned gentlemen, spoke six ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"languages, but had the disease of the times which\nwas it was very difficult for an immigrant to earn a living. He traveled with a\nhorse and wagon to make a living 50 weeks a year. He would go out on Monday and\ncome back on Saturday night. My first eight or nine ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years, I only saw him on\nweekends and he was very tired. There wasn't the normal life as we know today\nwith a father and his son. My mother, in 1918, when I was about eight years old,\ndeveloped what was very prevalent at the time, tuberculosis in both lungs. She\nwas not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"expected to survive. She did, however, but was bedridden most of the\ntime. In 1921 or 1920, my mother was sent to Asheville, North Carolina to a\nspecial institution for tubercular people. My father passed away in 1921. I was\nthen sent to the Hebrew Orphans' Home ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here in Atlanta which was located over on\nWashington Street very close to where the ballpark is or the stadium is today.\nThe Orphans' Home was, in retrospect, a very good place for a child to grow up,\nin that they were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well-administered. They saw to it that you learned\ncleanliness. They saw to it that you studied. They saw to it that you had any\nopportunity in school, even to the extent that--in the afternoons--those who\nwanted to could take typing and shorthand by a teacher who was brought in from\none of the public schools. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Life was not a bowl of cherries. We played. We had a\nplayground. We got along alright. It was administered by . . . The Home was\nactually founded by the German Jewry who had preceded the wave of the Russian\nJewry and had become a little ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bit more established, particularly financially. It\nwas begun about 1880 and accepted children from what was known as the Fifth\nB'nai B'rith District which encompassed Washington, Alabama, Georgia, North\nCarolina, South Carolina, Virginia on up to Washington. It was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"supported by\ncontributions. A small endowment fund was set up by a gentleman from North\nCarolina. The North Carolina people seem to have been very much helpful in the\nearly stages of it. I remained in the Orphans' Home with my two sisters until\n1928 when I graduated from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"high school and was fortunate enough to be able to go\nto college. Very few of the children in the Home had that opportunity. There was\na combination of primarily being a pretty good scholar, student. In my own case\nI won a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"scholarship. I shouldn't say I won it. I got it. I was given it by one\nof the all-time great Jewish people of Atlanta, Harold Hirsch of Coca-Cola\nconnection. He was an attorney. He was a great staunch friend of the University\nof Georgia. He awarded to the Atlanta high school that I attended, Boys' High,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what was known as an athletic scholarship, a scholarship to a student who was\npretty good in his studies but also was an athlete. Now, as an athlete on a\nscale of one to ten I was probably about a two. He didn't award it. He gave it.\nThere was an Irish red-headed, Irish head of Boys' High School who was just an\noutstanding, tough, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wonderful guy. He called me into the office my senior year\nabout three or four weeks before graduation and said, \"Garber, where are you\ngoing to school, to college?\" I said, \"Mr. Smith, I'm not going to go to\ncollege.\" He said, \"Why aren't you going to go to college?\" I said, \"Mr. Smith,\nI don't have the funds. I know where I can get a job working for my uncle and\nI'm going to go to work.\" He didn't say anything but the night of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"graduation I\nwas awarded by him, his doing, the Hal Hirsch Scholarship which was $300 a year\ncash. That was a lot of money. Because of that and the fact that I had been a .\n. . I guess they called me a good child. I guess is what it amounted to, they\ndecided that I should have the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"opportunity to go to college. They asked me. The\ngentleman that was in charge as a professional was a frustrated German bachelor\nof about 45 years of age, the strictest disciplinarian that you will have ever\nknown in your entire life and he ruled us . . .\n\nYOUNG: At the Home?\n\nGARBER: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At the Home, he lived in the Home and was in charge of the operation of\nthe Home. He ruled us with an iron hand. What was the question?\n\nYOUNG: What was his name?\n\nGARBER: Strauss, Mr. Strauss. S-T-R-A-U-S-S. As an example of what a\ndisciplinarian he was, my sister who also lives in this building--Freda, who's\nabout three years younger than I am--had taken ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ill the year before, about 1918 I\nguess or 1919, and was almost given up to die. She was only, at that time, maybe\n13 or 14. They sent her to Asheville to an institution. She had meningitis and\ntwo or three diseases at one time. It was just terrible. All of her hair fell\nout. It was horrible. She and I were very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"close. They would let us out on Sunday\nif we didn't misbehave during the week and we could visit our family or friends.\nI had an aunt that lived around the corner from the Orphans' Home and I would\ncome over to see her. While there, I wrote a letter to my sister in Asheville\nand told her what was going on. We were not allowed to write letters other than\nthrough the Home. They were censored. They would . . . We would have a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"letter\nwriting day. We would all sit down and write. We would give them the letters.\nThey'd read them and mail them. Mr. Strauss realized that things being said by\nmy sister when she wrote back she couldn't have known if I hadn't told her. I\nhadn't written a letter from there. I had written a letter but that wasn't in\nit. So, for three months it was that I wasn't allowed to sleep in the dormitory\nwith the boys. I had to sleep out on an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"open porch under his window so he could\nwatch me. I wasn't allowed to eat with the children in the dining room. I wasn't\nallowed to go out on Sundays. There were a number of punishments. That's the\nsort of disciplinarian he was.\n\nWhen it came time for me to go to college, and they wanted me to go to college,\nhe called me in. I had gotten a job that summer, with the help of the Home, with\nthe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"telephone company climbing telephone poles on the long runs going from here\nto Auburn, Alabama and from Waycross to Jacksonville. It was my first job. I was\nreal proud of it. He called me in just before school was to open. He wanted me\nto go to Georgia Tech. I said, \"No, I don't want to go to Georgia Tech. I don't\nwant to be an engineer. I want to be an accountant, a business man, number one.\nNumber two, I don't want.\" I would've lived in the Orphans' Home ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"while going to\nschool. I didn't want to do that. I wanted to get out into the real world. I\ndon't think I'd had but maybe one date in my entire life at that point. I just\nreally wanted to get out. He was very angry with me. He told me that I wouldn't\nbe going to college at all. He would get the board to rescind it. He attempted\nto. He went on a vacation at that time. While he was gone there was a nice ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"old\nHungarian Jewish gentleman on the board who didn't think it was right. We became\ngreat friends.\n\nYOUNG: Who was that?\n\nGARBER: That was Mr. Loewus. L-O-E-W-U-S. He had married a Greenfield which was\npart of the German families that had done well. They had a lot of real estate\nand he managed to . . . His wife said this but he was just a fine old man. We\nbecame almost like a father and son in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"later years after I'd gotten out of\nschool. He called me in. He said that I could go and if I wanted to, I could go\nand visit my mother. I had never been until just before I went to school. He\nsaid that they would lend me whatever it took to go to school. Then I ran into a\nproblem with Mr. Strauss. His life had been ruined by the fact that he had been\nblackballed out of the fraternity that he had wanted to join. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This all came out\nlater on. He was very down on fraternities. I didn't know anything about\nfraternities. I got to the University of Georgia. Some Jewish boys came over,\nmet me, took me over to their house, and took me to the fraternity house. I\nthought that was heaven. I didn't know what a fraternity was, to tell you the\ntruth. It came time in December . . . that we went to school in September . . .\nthat you were supposed to join the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fraternity. I'd been pledged. He flatly\nrefused to allow me to join a fraternity. We were facing off against the\nproblem. The fraternity took me in. They cut my costs down and all the other\nthings that it took to keep me in the fraternity house. About a week . . . about\nthree days before the Christmas holidays let out--I'd have to come back ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on\nJanuary 1 and get out or get in, one of the two--I got a long distance call from\nMr. Loewus. He was really the chairman of the board, not full-time working but\none of the people who helped run it for the love of doing it. I got a call from\nMr. Loewus. He said that Mr. Strauss had had an epileptic fit, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had dropped dead,\nand that I should come home immediately and take charge of the boys. They had a\npaid worker that took care of the boys. That was Strauss. They had a paid worker\nunder him that was a woman who took care of the girls. We had about 30 children\nin each group. I came back three months after going to school to take charge of\nthe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"boys. It was temporary while they went looking for somebody.\n\nYOUNG: Was this in the summer? Was this during the school year or was it summer?\n\nGARBER: It happened during the vacation period, Christmas vacation. You got off\nabout December 18 and you didn't go back until January 2. You had about two and\na half weeks in there. I came back and they were interviewing. They finally got\nsomebody from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cleveland and hired them. I went on back to school. I didn't miss\nbut a day or two at the time.\n\nI think it's interesting to note the difference in those days and these days. I\nhad not one cent of income or money of any source. No relatives, no nothing\nexcept that $300 ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"scholarship. I went to school for three and a half years. I\nwent to two summer schools and graduated in three years so that I could get to\nwork. I needed to get to work and make some money. I had a mother that I wanted\nto bring home from Asheville. I had two sisters that were dependent on me. One\nof them was much younger. So I went to summer school. Attending summer school\nfor ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"two summers--tuition, books, food, clothing, shelter, transportation to and\nfrom Atlanta, spending money, clothing, everything that went together--I\nborrowed $1,960. That's what it took me to live fully three and a half years, 12\nmonths a year, going to college. That's the difference in today and now. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Today\nit costs that much a week. I came back to Atlanta after graduating, went to work\nfor a public accountant, and worked with him from 1931 until 1940. In 1940 I\nco-founded my own little firm in public accounting and stayed with it until I\nretired from public accounting ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in 1971.\n\nYOUNG: Can we go back a little bit about the Home?\n\nGARBER: Yes.\n\nYOUNG: You said that your two sisters were there.\n\nGARBER: Yes.\n\nYOUNG: Did you get to see them much?\n\nGARBER: I saw them every day.\n\nYOUNG: Did they get to room together?\n\nGARBER: No, nobody had a room. They had a dormitory. All 30 girls slept in a\nlong dormitory. We slept in cots. We made our own beds. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the things they\ntaught . . . We saw them at dinner time. We saw them in summertime between hours\nand when we weren't in school. It was just like living at home from the\nstandpoint of seeing the children in the Home, your sisters. I was going to tell\nyou ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an example of some of the things that stay with you all your life. They\ntaught you utilization of your time. We had a time-table. We'd get up from the\ntable at dinnertime at night. We had 20 minutes before we went to study. We went\nto a study hall. Everybody studied for two hours. They didn't leave the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"room.\nYou studied. If you didn't study, then you wished you had because there was\nnothing else to do. There was somebody supervising to see that you didn't talk,\nyou didn't play, and you didn't do anything else. They taught you cleanliness.\nWe, the boys and the girls, each had a large, almost like an unfinished,\nswimming pool. It was about three feet deep and it was showers the full ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"length\nof it. It was as long as from here to that door. It was a pit from there to\nthere. In the morning when we would get up we would go down to the place to\nbathe. All of us would get in the . . . Somebody would supervise. They'd say,\n\"Turn the water on in the shower,\" and everybody got wet. Then they would say,\n\"Everybody soap up,\" and you'd have to soap your head and your body thoroughly\nwhile the water was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"off. When they thought you had soaped up enough and\neverybody had, they'd turn the water on and we all rinsed off. Then we got out\nand we went in to get dressed. We went into the playroom, from which we would go\nto the dining room. We had to shine our shoes. We had to clean our nails. We had\nto clean our ears. We were inspected before every meal, three meals a day,\ninspected three times a day for those particular things. This got to be a habit\nwith you. Those things ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stay with you. Even until this day, I just couldn't stand\nto not have clean nails. I don't have to polish them but I make sure they're\nclean. There were a lot of good things about the Orphans' Home that most people\nwould have benefitted from. You didn't get any love because there wasn't any\nlove there.\n\nYOUNG: You didn't have a teacher or anybody?\n\nGARBER: Nobody. No, there was one woman that was like a policeman, in a way, but\nnot a mean policeman. She ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"saw that you did what you were supposed to do for the\ngirls and one for the men. It wasn't any . . . There was no such thing, nobody .\n. . It couldn't have been. How are you going to . . . With 60 children ranging\nfrom 5 to 15 and 16, how are you going to have time to pet them and do some of\nthese things? It's alright.\n\nYOUNG: Were you affectionate among the children? You looked out for your sisters?\n\nGARBER: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes. You had the same family affection. You didn't have the same\naffection for the other children as you would for your own family, but we were\nmore so amongst the family. For instance, there's no distinction between my\nsisters and myself and my wife and my children today. They're not like my\nsisters. They're like my daughters. If my sister needs ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"$50,000, I don't lend it\nto her. I give it to her. We don't keep books and we don't . . . and she would\ndo the same for me. It's not a one-way street. There could be no greater\naffection in the world possible than there is between my sisters and myself. My\nwife feels that way towards them and they feel that way towards my wife. In\nother words, a lot of times mothers and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sisters resent your wife. She spends too\nmuch money or she does this or she does that or something. Wives do that to the\nrest of the family. In our family there's no such thing. We never . . . We've\nbeen married for 52 years. In 52 years there's never been one cross word of any\nkind between my sisters and their sisters and any of us. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That comes from the\nfact that we grew up close-knit. That's what we had. We had each other and not\nmuch else.\n\nYOUNG: What were the meals like?\n\nGARBER: The meals were wholesome. They weren't exotic. They were strictly\nsurvivable fare. We didn't have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"chicken every day. We didn't have . . . You\nwould think today that the meals were atrocious, those same meals. In that day\nmost of us, from the background we came, didn't know any better. As far as we\nwere concerned, the meals were good because we didn't know what a good meal was.\nLike we didn't know . . . There was no air conditioning in those days, so we\ndidn't know that you'd burn up. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We didn't know that we were burning up in the\nsummertime. Everything is relative, relative to the way it had been. That's the\nway it was.\n\nYOUNG: With so many kids in one room, did you have a lot of problems with sickness?\n\nGARBER: No. We had an infirmary. We had doctors that took care of us. We had\ndentists that came out there and waited on us, treated us, and examined us at\nthe Home. We had no such problem. I don't think ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I knew but one person that had\nan automobile. I went to Boys' High School. Boys' High School is over there at\nPiedmont Park where Grady High School is now. The Orphans' Home was on the other\nside, the south side of where the stadium is. I suspect it was about six miles.\nWe walked to school every day and back, rain, sunshine, or otherwise. No other\nway to get there. We could have gone on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the trolley but to go . . . It would\nhave taken two hours to get there by trolley by the time you changed. No trolley\nwent direct. Besides, the trolley was five cents each way. That was 10 cents a\nday. That would have been 50 cents a week. We couldn't afford to pay 50 cents a\nweek for transportation.\n\nYOUNG: Did you get an allowance at all?\n\nGARBER: My allowance as a bigger boy . . . I guess when I was 13 or 14, my\nallowance was 15 cents ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a week. Most of the time you didn't get it. You did\nsomething wrong and you didn't get it. When you got it, it was 15 cents a week.\nIt wasn't bad. We walked to town. You could go to a theater downtown for five\ncents, ten cents, and you could buy popcorn for five. You could go to the\ntheater on Saturdays and have popcorn. What else did you need?\n\nYOUNG: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What did you do in the summers?\n\nGARBER: In the summers we worked on the grounds. We also took special courses\nlike typing, bookkeeping, and things like that. We worked. We had a large tract\nof grounds there and we worked. There was a garden. That was what we did. Later\nin the afternoon they let us play, play football. We played all the other games.\n\nYOUNG: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Where did the girls go to school?\n\nGARBER: What did they do?\n\nYOUNG: Where did they go to school?\n\nGARBER: They went, same thing. Public schools were very close by, those schools\nin which now you would call slums. There was a junior high over there by Hoke\nSmith. Then they went to Girls' High. Girls' High was not as far as Boys' High.\nIt was maybe two or three miles. They had to walk, too. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There wasn't any\ndistinction. They didn't pamper anybody.\n\nYOUNG: What did you do for the Jewish High Holy Days in the Home?\n\nGARBER: We went to The Temple. We were . . . It was Reform, very Reform. I don't\nknow if you're familiar with The Temple. Mr. Marx, Rabbi Marx, who was the first\nReform rabbi here and a very noted citizen, was on our board. When I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"later\nserved on the board, when I went on the board in . . . I've been on the board\nfrom 1933 to 1989, which is 56 years I've been on the board at the Orphans'\nHome. I've been very active in the Jewish Community Center. Cut the tape off. I\ndon't want it to go on the tape.\n\nYOUNG: Describe a little bit more about the grounds of the Home.\n\nGARBER: The Orphans' Home was located on Washington Street ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which was really in\nthe heart of the more affluent Jewish families in Atlanta. At that time\nWashington Street was \"the\" place. Very few of them lived on the north side,\nmaybe one or two percent out on Paces Ferry. Most of them lived up and down\nWashington Street, not on one street to the left or one to the right but up and\ndown Washington Street. The AA congregation, the first one, was there. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The\nTemple was on Washington Street. Everything was on Washington Street. The Home\nitself was a four-story structure. Very large. It was situated on what is a\nfour-square block area. The playroom and locker room is where we kept our\nthings. None of us had a chest of drawers or anything. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Each of us had a small\nlocker downstairs. That's where our clothes were kept. That's where our shoes\nand that's where our possession were kept.\n\nYOUNG: Did you have a uniform?\n\nGARBER: Yes. We wore coveralls. They were just plain brown coveralls. I think\nthe girls wore a skirt, mini-skirts or something like that. I've forgotten about\nthe girls. When we came home from school, we put that on. When we went to school\nwe wore ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"normal clothes. One of my punishments, when I wrote my sister, was that\nI was not allowed to wear long pants. I was already about 15 or 16 and I had to\nwear short pants with black stockings. On the first floor was the administrative\noffice, the dining room, and the meeting place. The place for the study hall and\nthe basement was the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bottom floor, the first floor. The second floor--three\nstories not four . . . The third floor, or the second story, was where the\ndormitories were. The superintendent had a room in between the two dormitories.\nThe girls were on one far end and we were on the other far end. We would come\ndown on the fire escape. We had a fire escape. In the morning when we got up we\nwould go down the fire escape and go down to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"playroom where the bathing\nfacility was. There was no . . . I'm not so sure there were any bathrooms up in\nthe dormitory. I think they were all downstairs. There must have been, but I've\nforgotten now.\n\nYOUNG: What were the grounds like?\n\nGARBER: Very large. There was a baseball field there that backed up to the\nplace. The front was flowered, greened very well, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very nice looking. The\nback was not . . . at all, it was clay. We played football and there was a\ngarden over to the right, a large garden. It was really for the benefit of the\nstaff rather than the children. We didn't raise our own vegetables or anything\nlike that. There was a . . . The other half of it was on another street but it\ndropped way off. That was sort of like ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"off limits to us. We could go there but\nthere was no purpose in it.\n\nYOUNG: Did you have a bedtime?\n\nGARBER: Oh, yes. Everything was by the clock. We all got up by the clock at a\ncertain time, everybody in the building. We all went to bed at a certain time. I\nwould say . . . I've forgotten now if it was 8 o'clock or 9. School time I think\nit was. We had to go to the study room and everybody . . . I mean there were no\nexceptions to anything.\n\nYOUNG: Even the little children?\n\nGARBER: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Little children? They didn't take them less than five. My youngest\nsister couldn't come. She was two. She had to go stay with a cousin until she\nbecame five and then she was taken into the Home.\n\nYOUNG: What did the children do who couldn't read in study hall? Could they read?\n\nGARBER: I don't know. I'll have to ask them. I was already 11 when I got there,\nso, that wasn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anything that I was interested in much.\n\nYOUNG: Did you go to Hebrew School?\n\nGARBER: Yes. No. I studied Hebrew. Of course, I had to. I was confirmed. I read\nthe Torah but at the Reform temple, Hebrew was just something you memorized in\norder to read the Torah long enough to get confirmed. You didn't go to learn it.\nYou went to go through the motions. They did not send us ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to Hebrew School at The Temple.\n\nYOUNG: What about the other holidays? You said you went to The Temple but did\nthey ever have anything at the Home?\n\nGARBER: Yes.\n\nYOUNG: Did they light candles?\n\nGARBER: Yes. I believe they did. I'm not sure. They didn't make a deal out of\nShabbos or Friday night like my children do, and we do, with the lights and\nMoses and all like that. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The holidays, all the Jewish holidays, we observed. We\nstayed home from school and we went to The Temple. I don't think we fasted. Not\nas children. I don't remember fasting, but we observed all of the holidays.\n\nYOUNG: Were you allowed in high school to go over to your friend's house after school?\n\nGARBER: No, you came home. You weren't allowed to ever go to anybody's home,\nexcept on that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sunday afternoon when you were allowed to go off. Whether it\nmight have been Sunday, or maybe Saturday, I've forgotten which now. Maybe . . .\nI don't think it was both but there was no such thing. You went straight home.\n\nYOUNG: Were most of your friends in the Home or were some of your friends at school?\n\nGARBER: It was hard to make friends when you couldn't be with them. Some of the\nnicest, finest people in Atlanta ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"today--who were children then of the German\nextraction, who were affluent--used to come up and play with us. We'd play\nfootball, and baseball. To this day, I have maybe . . . At the age of 78 or 79,\nI have maybe half a dozen of those people living in Atlanta today. One I visited\nin Roanoke, Virginia three months ago who used to come over there. You couldn't\nand ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you didn't make friends in the sense that you do today. You couldn't go to\ntheir home. They couldn't come to your home. We could play ball together. We\ncould be in the same class in Sunday School and that sort of thing. It was a\nlittle bit different.\n\nYOUNG: Did you ever play tricks or get in trouble? Did you ever sneak into the\ngirls' dorm? Do any of those sorts of things?\n\nGARBER: No, I was a sissy I guess. I got in trouble. There was no way you\ncouldn't get in trouble. One of the most interesting ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"episodes of the Home was\none summer towards the end there, I guess it was. I guess by then I was 15 or\n16. I came home one day. On the bottom end of the lot, on the lower end where we\nnever went, had been an old school building. When they moved that and closed it\nup, it came back to us. It belonged to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Orphans' Home, and they stored coal.\nEverything was with coal then down there. In the summer they would ask us to get\nsome of the boys to go down with a wheel barrow and wheel some coal up to the\nfurnace room. I came home from high school one day and there was a strike. The\nonly time it ever happened in the history of the Orphans' Home. They refused to\ndo it.\n\nYOUNG: The help did?\n\nGARBER: No, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the children. Just like you see in Russia today. All of a sudden one\nday, they said, \"We ain't going to do it.\" Well, of course, they were punished.\nThey weren't allowed to go out. They weren't allowed to do anything. You were\npunished. They didn't beat you. Didn't lock you up in a room, but any privilege\nthat you could have had they took away. It got to be a test of will between Mr.\nStrauss--the gentleman that I told you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was the disciplinarian to the nth\ndegree--between him and the older boys. The older boys were responsible for it.\nI was not one of them at the time because I was not there when they said, \"We're\ngoing to strike.\" \"We're not going to do it,\" they said. When I got home, he\nsent for me. He says to me, \"I don't want you to join them. I want you to stay\nout. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm asking you not to be part of it.\" I didn't have the guts to not be one\nof the boys. I didn't have the guts to say, \"Yes, Sir.\" On that particular thing\nI said, \"I'm sorry. I'm just not going to do it.\" So, I got in trouble with the\nrest of them on that. They shipped some of the boys that were 16, 17, and 18 . .\n. They sent them home. When I say sent them home, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they sent them to Virginia and\nNorth Carolina to relatives. If they had a cousin or uncle or somebody, they\nsent them there.\n\nYOUNG: Were they bad boys?\n\nGARBER: No. There wasn't any such thing as a bad boy. We didn't have a single\nbad boy. In my whole history I never remember one boy. We had boys that were\npranksters or would cut up but bad, in the sense of doing bad things, no such thing.\n\nYOUNG: Was he as strict with the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"girls?\n\nGARBER: Yes. The woman that was over them was not a well-educated woman and she\nwas . . . Miss Gussie was her name. To this day I don't believe any of us could\ntell you what her name was. Miss Gussie, G-U-S-S-I-E, was her first name and\nthat was it. She oversaw, but he was the boss. He didn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"discriminate between\nboys and girls. He wasn't necessarily mean. He was just a strong disciplinarian,\nthat's all. In retrospect, I think it's the best thing he could have been. There\nwas another funny situation. When I came in from Georgia, on the rare occasion\nwhen I came into Atlanta, I was expected to stay in the Home. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Even though I was\nout of the Home and gone, I had to stay there. I was free to go and come, but I\nhad to sleep there. I had to sleep in the dormitory because there wasn't any\nother place. We had a couple of the girls that would slip out. We had one or two\nof the boys that would fool around, I guess you'd say. I wasn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one of them. In\nthe meantime they hired this man from Cleveland to come in when Mr. Strauss\ndied. I was there acting in charge. He went to his death, eventually, sure that\nI was trying to take his job away from him. I'd already been out, practiced for\nsix or seven years, and practiced public accounting. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He never got over the\nconcern that since I was in charge, and what not, that I would be . . . He was a\nlittle older man. He had run another institution with a good reputation for it.\nHe was real uncomfortable about me. I went out one night and came back in. One\nof the girls had slipped out and had gone somewhere. When I came in around 9:00\nor 9:30, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he was waiting at the door. He was sure that he had caught me, that I\nwas with that girl. He accused me and he reported it to the board. Of course, it\nwasn't true. What could they do to me? I really wasn't at the Home anymore. I\nwas already out. He was just really trying to discredit me. By that time I was\nalready a junior in college. After I got out, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I went on the board about two\nyears later. They had to put him in an institution. His wife became the acting director.\n\nYOUNG: Who was this?\n\nGARBER: . . . Insecurity I guess, he became obsessed with. They didn't talk\nabout what it was but I was sure that that is what it was. He died in that\ninstitution. He never came out. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"An instance always came up of some sort or\nanother. I look back on those days . . . We're about in 1969. Is the machine on?\n\nYOUNG: Excuse me just a minute, let's stop and flip the tape.\n\nYOUNG: . . . Side 2, Tape 1. Interview with Mr. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Garber. We were talking about\nMr. Guttenheimer. Who was he?\n\nGARBER: He was the Superintendent of the Jewish Orphans' Home. Now we have\nconverted that. We no longer . . . I don't think I've brought you up to date. We\nhad an endowment fund which we have nursed very carefully all through the years.\nAbout 15 years ago we converted our activity to about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"95 per cent to lending the\nneedy Jewish children in our district to go to . . . educational, it's now\ncalled Jewish Educational Loan Fund. We lend to any child. We predominantly lend\nto children who can't get scholarships at other . . . to average to poor\nstudents whose families can't financially help ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them enough. In addition to that,\nthey're not top scholars. We lend them the money to go to school. If we take one\non we stay with them all the way through until they finish. They pay us back at\nthe rate of $10 a month, no interest ever. We've got a great record of pay\nbacks. Last year we granted loans to 120 students, about half of them repeats\nand about half of them new. Say they go for four ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years, some of them go for\neight. We take care of the students who even go on to get their doctorates in\nmedicine and things like that. So it's a long slow . . . That's what we have\nevolved into.\n\nYOUNG: You must have been a pretty responsible young man though, that they asked\nyou to come back and take care of everything.\n\nGARBER: Being responsible was a matter of relativity. As compared to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whom?\n\nYOUNG: Who else was there now?\n\nGARBER: You're just a young lady, so, you'll learn this but you won't learn it\nfor a great many years. By comparison with a miserable athlete, I was a good\nathlete. By comparison with a good athlete, I was a miserable athlete. That's\nthe way it is in life. All the way through life when you say, \"He's a great\nguy,\" you're thinking in terms of somebody that you're comparing him to. See? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On\na scale of one to ten, I guess I was maybe a six or six and a half. I wasn't any\neight, nine, or ten, I can assure you. I was a little bit better than average. I\nwas a little bit better scholastically and I was a little bit better\nhumanitarian I guess, because of the fact that I just didn't have any home life\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to draw on. I just appreciated it more, is what you would have to say. I was\nabout to tell you, in 1969 I was president of the Orphans' Home. I got the\nbright idea that I would like to invite back . . . Every once a year we have an\nannual meeting. I asked the board to go along and approve inviting back all of\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the former wards of the Home that we could find. They said they scattered to the\neight winds. I don't think there's two, or three, or four or us in Atlanta, for\ninstance, even though the Home is here. We've got as many in California. We've\ngot ten times as many in New York that moved to New York, all kinds of places.\nIt was a tremendous chore to run down, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"find, and locate the people. This one was\nnumber one and we would . . . They'd read the letters, bring them, have an\nannual meeting, and invite them back. Let's see what we did. Let's see what . .\n. I'll put it this way. There were four or five of those people still on the\nboard in 1969 that was on the board when I was in the Orphans' Home. I said,\n\"Wouldn't it be wonderful to see what your work did.\" They said, \"Yes.\" We got\nout the word. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lord, the whole carne back to Atlanta. We had the reunion. We\ncalled it, \"Sixty-four.\" Now some part of them were spouses. Only one couple\nthat married that husband and wife were both in the Home. Between spouses and\nchildren of the Home . . . children, at this point they were in their sixties,\nyou know. We had 64 people that showed up. It was the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"most fabulous thing that\nyou could ever remember. It was so extraordinary. We got a bus and they wanted\nto go see the old Orphans' Home. We later sold it when we closed it down, in the\n1930's, to the Catholic Home. Lady of Perpetual Love runs that terminal cancer\nhome there now. It's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"still there. They wanted to go see it. Our old building was\nstill there then and they wanted to go to Boys' High and they wanted to go to\nTom Pitts which was a drug store downtown where we got chocolate milk for a\nnickel. They wanted to go to theaters that had been moved out. They wanted to go\nto the old Progressive Club. They wanted to go to The Temple. They wanted to go\nto all these places that they remembered. We got us a driver, we got a speaker,\nand we did the town in the bus. Then we came back to my home, I had a lovely\nhome over on West Paces ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"back in there. It was in April, beautiful weather. We\nall assembled over there and sat around. All of them came back, most of them,\nwith shoe boxes of old pictures of the girls in mini-skirts and bloomers, and\nthe boys. Everybody brought back their pictures. Then, of course, we went to the\nHome and went to the annual meeting on Sunday. On Friday night, Saturday, and\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after the meeting, we were all together doing what we . . . We went out to a\nnice downtown restaurant and we all had dinner there on Friday night. The\nstrangeness of it, which was so fabulous . . . I had made the arrangements for\nthose out of town to stay over on Peachtree at right there ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where I-75 and I-85\ncome across. It was a motel. I think they just tore it down. It was a new one\nthat they just put up. It had a swimming pool and everything. It was convenient\nbecause it was half way of all of us that were still left living on the north\nside of town. They began coming in Friday at noon. I went on over there about 2\no'clock to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"greet them. What you're seeing are children that when you left them\nwere four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten and when you came back were 55 and\n60. That's the first time you'd seen them. The first person that I walked up to\nsays he was older than I was when he was in the Home. When I was 15, he was 17.\nHe was two years older. His name was Whiteman. I said, \"I'm Al Garber. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm\nAlfred Garber.\" He said, \"I'm Lou Whiteman.\" In those days, when he was 17, he\nwas much bigger than I was. I was 30. I had looked up to him. I had expected . .\n. He was a little old short fellow and I was much taller. The second guy that I\nspoke to--and you know his daughter, I bet, Ronni Crystal--she was Green, Ronni\nGreen. I'll tell you why I think you know her. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was about three years younger\nthan I was. He was a little bitty fellow and I was a big fellow. When I got\nthere, I had to do this to him. He'd grown to be about six foot five, Danny\nGreen. These were the situations the way they evolved. The reason I say I bet\nyou know her was that we saw her at the AA last Saturday. We went . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"last\nSaturday. We went to services and Ronni was there. She married a boy in Atlanta.\nDanny, her father, had died. She has two children. I went over to sit by her.\nShe's active in the City of Hope. I told her I had a check for her for $1,500.\nThey've got two chapters, young ones, which are much better, and the older ones.\nThey won't merge. I tried to get them to merge. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I give them each $1,500 every\nyear and I split it. Before I was giving them $3,000. I said, \"Ronni, I've got a\ncheck for you. I want you to come by. Let me give it to you so you get the\ncredit for turning it in.\" She laughed and she said, \"I'm really not active in\nthat anymore.\" She says, \"I was, but I'm not now, so send it to so and so.\" I\nsaid, \"Alright.\" And she says . . . We were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sitting in service and the service\ngoes on and she says, \"I would like to come by and do your oral history.\" I\nsaid, \"What are you talking about?\" She says, \"I just . . .\" She knows me. I\nvisited her when she was a little girl and before she got married . . . I said,\n\"I just had a call and there's a young lady going to come over and see me. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You\ncan come, too. I'll give it to you twice.\" I thought that maybe you might know\nher because she's in one of those organizations. Forgive me for my lapses\nbecause I'm prone to do it. About six months ago or three months ago, we got the\nbright idea that we ought to have another one, and this time have it on a ship,\na cruise. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the girls was visiting my sister. She comes down here from\nTexas quite often. Her name is Fran, Fran Sobel, Fanny Sobel originally but\nshe's no longer Fanny, she's Fran. She lost her husband a few years ago. I said,\n\"Fran, you ought to . . . I'm just not up to getting it together but I'd love to\nsee it done and I'd help.\" She got busy and right as of now, we've only got 12\npeople but we're booked to go ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on a new ship on February 4 for a week. If nobody\nelse goes, there's about 12 of us that are free to go. We're six of them, my\nsisters . . . My one sister just lost her husband a month or two ago, but my\nother sister, her husband, Gerry, and I are five, and Gerry's sister's going.\nThat's six. We've got six of us right here amongst us. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're going to do it one\nmore time before we all get gone.\n\nYOUNG: How do you stay in touch with all these people?\n\nGARBER: We really don't stay in touch. There's a couple of them in Atlanta that\nwe know.\n\nYOUNG: From the Home?\n\nGARBER: Yes.\n\nYOUNG: Who's that?\n\nGARBER: One is Sam Perloff, he lives out in Decatur. He's a real nice young man.\nHe was a year younger than I was so he's only 78. We stay in touch. He calls ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me\nevery once in a while and we talk. He calls me for a little guidance once in a\nwhile on a particular subject. There's a girl that's married that lives here\nthat is close to Jerrie's sister that was in the Home. There are two other girls\nthat are sisters. We don't see them very seldom. We don't stay in close contact\nwith any of them anymore. Some of the girls do. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Girls are better about that than\nboys. The girls have outlived us. Most of the . . . A lot of the boys are no\nlonger with us.\n\nYOUNG: You said that you went off to college and you came back to the Home. What\ndid you do in the summers?\n\nGARBER: I went to summer school.\n\nYOUNG: But you lived at Home?\n\nGARBER: No. I went to the University of Georgia summer school.\n\nYOUNG: So, you stayed in college.\n\nGARBER: I stayed in college year-round really for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"three years. I stayed there\njust about year-round.\n\nYOUNG: What did your sisters do after they left the Home?\n\nGARBER: My sisters . . . one of my sisters got a job as an assistant to a\ndoctor. They did not go to college. In fact, of the children that were in the\nHome with me--there were about 60 of them--I don't know of any girl that went to\ncollege that they sent. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maybe some of them on their own after they got out went\nto college, but I don't know of any girls . . . I only know of really two other\nboys that went to college out of the 60 people. At most there were three of us.\nThey didn't have funds to send that many people. You had to be a favorite or\nsomething. I don't know how it worked out. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just know that I was lucky enough\nby that red-headed Irishman who gave me that athletic scholarship that I\ndeserved like I deserved to be president of the United States. He's responsible\nfor my going to school.\n\nYOUNG: What was your sport?\n\nGARBER: I played a little basketball, a little baseball. I told you, at best I\nwas a one and a half to two as an athlete. That's the truth.\n\nYOUNG: What was Boys' High ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like?\n\nGARBER: Boys' High was one of the finest schools in the United States of America\nfor public school. The people that they turned out in those days, like Dean\nRusk. They just turned out fabulous people. It was a well-run, high scholarship\nrating, and it was just a great school.\n\nYOUNG: Did anyone go there?\n\nGARBER: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anybody. There were only two high schools in Atlanta at that time. They\nhad junior highs but Boys' High and Tech High were the only two high schools in\nAtlanta for boys. They were all boys. They built a large building out there by\nPiedmont Park. Half of it on one side was Boys' High and the other half was Tech\nHigh. Anybody could go there. It was a public school.\n\nYOUNG: I've ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"heard a lot about Girls' High.\n\nGARBER: Well, there was a wonderful . . . Girls' High and Boys' High were two\nfine schools . . . great scholastic records. They were headed by top flight\npeople, real devoted educators.\n\nYOUNG: Did you have any teachers that really influenced you?\n\nGARBER: I did in college. In high school, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nobody captivated me. I was impressed\nwith them and I thought they were good teachers but I was never close to them.\nWhen I got to college I needed to get a little spending money because they\ndidn't give me spending money. I was taking a commerce course. The gentleman\nthat taught it, Malcolm Bryan, B-R-Y-A- N, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I became his student aide, for which\nI got $15 a month to grade papers and work with him. Later on I took a course\nunder his wife in journalism. I got to know both of them, became real hard fast\nfriends. He came back to Atlanta and became president of the Federal Reserve\nSystem for the 13 states. We were as close as friends could be. He was five\nyears older than I was. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm still very friendly with his wife. She's still\nalive. He influenced me a great deal. We started a bank together and it's still\nin existence and some things like that.\n\nYOUNG: When you were going to school, did you experience any antisemitism?\n\nGARBER: No, there was no such thing. There was no antisemitism in colleges at\nthe time. We were separate and had our Jewish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fraternities, but we got along\nfine. I never . . . I didn't know how to spell it.\n\nYOUNG: Did you experience it later on at all?\n\nGARBER: I have never experienced antisemitism. Never. I would say that I have\nexperienced the reverse of it. I don't look for it. I'm not afraid of it. The\nonly ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time, and it wasn't antisemitism, but the only time that I riled up a\nlittle bit--and it was just to show my feelings--I was on the board of the Trust\nCompany of Georgia Bank. Being on a bank board is unusual. It's not like the\naverage board. People aspire to that. It's a prestige sort of thing. They ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would\nreward . . . In addition to paying you a small fee, they would reward their\nboard members--I mean their directors, I was a director--by sending them to Sea\nIsland, which had a hotel in which Jews were not allowed to stay. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It had\nnational history for it. It really wasn't that they were so antisemites. It was\njust a business. There were a lot of people that went there that would prefer\nnot to be with Jewish people. It wasn't that the people who owned it were that\nway. They did it for a business purpose more than anything else. I never liked\nit, of course. I didn't think it was right. I never tried to stay there. I\nthought that anybody who would try to stay there ought to be ashamed of\nthemselves. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I guess it was 15 or 18 years ago that I was in New York. My\nsecretary called me and she said, \"You just had a call and invited you to go to\nthe . . .\" Gerry, what's the name of that hotel in Sea Island that didn't allow\nJews at one time? The Cloister. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"C-L-O-I-S-T-E-R. A very fine hotel, beautiful,\neverything was, but they didn't take Jews. She called me to say that the Trust\nCompany chairman had called me, invited me to go and take my wife, and go as\ntheir guests to the Cloister for several days or a week. I forgot the period of\ntime. I said, \"Rosalee, I want you to call . . .\" Bill Bowden was his name, a\nfine ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"man, no antisemitism in his soul at all. \"Call Bill back and say thank you\nfor the invitation but I never go anywhere that I have to go in the back door.\"\nIf I went to the Cloister, I would be going in the back door. They would treat\nme well because I'm the director of the Trust Company but that isn't the reason\nI want to be treated well. I respectfully ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"declined. That's the only time that I\never had a situation. There was no antisemitism involved in the thing so far as\nI was concerned, but that was the way I reacted to it. I don't go looking for it\nbut I don't . . . I've lived in this town. I've traveled in pretty big-sized\nbusiness circles with prominent people. I've never ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"felt that much of it. I can\nwalk into any club. I was invited to come to the Capitol City Club which was\nstrictly a non-Jewish club. It's the elite club. They used to ask me to come\ndown there, I used to go down on Saturday afternoon and play poker there with\nthem. I didn't feel uncomfortable at all. I knew that they didn't allow it but\nwe didn't allow Gentiles in the Standard Club. It was just something that\nhappened. There is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"antisemitism, I'm positive, in some places. A lot of it is\nimagined and a lot of it is sort of asked for. As far as I'm concerned, I have\nnever experienced it in my entire life.\n\nYOUNG: What was it like . . . I'm kind of going off track but what was it like\nwhen all the . . . World War II, when so many people integrated ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here?\n\nGARBER: World War II was in 1938, 1939 and 1940. At that time, in 1940, I was\nthen about 30 years old. I had just gotten out of school and . . . I'm positive\nthere must have been some around but it looked like it avoided me. It looked\nlike . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In retrospect, I'd have to say that it looked like to me it was a\nconspiracy to not let me see any or run into any.\n\nYOUNG: How did you feel about the Jews emigrating here? You were at The Temple then?\n\nGARBER: Yes, we were taking them. We took . . . In the 1930's we helped. In the\nJewish Home, the Orphans' Home, we helped finance these ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children that came over\nfrom Russia. We helped educate them and we helped find homes. We put them in\nfoster homes and paid for them. No, I didn't . . . Even in that period I didn't\nrun into anything like that. I just didn't. I may be the exception. I may be\nblind. I don't hear so well anymore. It could be maybe that's it.\n\nYOUNG: I don't think so. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How did you decide to start your own business?\n\nGARBER: I guess I'm Jewish. The one thing that came out of my being in the Home\nwas I had a strong desire to achieve, number one, to have possessions, number\ntwo . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a lot of my friends. I didn't spend it. I saved it. I don't know what\nfor. It was stupid to have done it. I had reached . . . I worked for a Christian\nfirm. His motive was that I had access to, he felt, to the Jewish Home. Always\ninvolved in my life--one of the most prominent German citizens, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well known--was\nHerbert Haas, Joseph Haas' father, if you know Joseph Haas. Herbert Haas was an\noutstanding attorney. He handled the Frank case, for example. Herbert was on the\nboard. Herbert was one of those people that was good to me. We had a nice\nrelationship when I was a child in the Home and when I went on the board. When I\ncame out of school, he went to this accountant that we heard of and he says,\n\"You'll give this boy a . . .\" There were no jobs in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1931. That was in the\nheight of everything, the big bust. He said, \"You'll give this young man a job,\nI'll help you get some business.\" That was the name of the game in the\nprofessions, to get business. It wasn't any problem to get professionals to do\nthe work but to get the business. He gave me a job. My job . . . I got $75 a\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"month. He paid once a month. I got no bonus. I got no Christmas. I got no\nvacation. In January, February, and March we worked 16 and 18 hours a day. We\nworked on into the night during tax season. I worked for him, the only job I\never had . . . No I had worked with the telephone before I went to school for a\nyear, I mean for that summer. I worked for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him. He was a redneck. He was as\nuncouth as the word could be. He had the largest local firm. The big nationals\nwere not here much then.\n\nYOUNG: What was his firm's name. What was the name of the firm?\n\nGARBER: Harvey H. Hunt. H-U-N-T. I was the only Jewish . . . There was only one\nother Jewish man and he was an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"outstanding Jewish citizen. He was Max Cuba. Max\nhad an accounting practice. He represented the Jewish field and there was nobody\nelse at all working in it. I guess I was the second accountant in Atlanta that\nwas Jewish. Today there are 25,000 of us, I think. Pay was not one of the things\nthat he was noted for. I had a mother and two sisters. We were all living\ntogether. I was supporting them. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was pretty hard to do on $75 a month,\nalthough we made it. We'd go in debt. After the second or third year I asked him\nfor a raise. He gave me a $25 raise. I went back with my hat in my hand and\nsaid, \"Mr. Hunt, I just have to have some more money.\" I got another raise. In\n1939 . . . In January of 1940, I went in and asked for a raise and he said,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Garber, I'm going to give you one more raise.\" That brought me up to $275 in\nten years. He said, \"I don't want you to ever come in and ask for another raise.\nThat's as much as you'll ever get as long as you stay here.\" People were still\nreal happy to have a job. In June of 1940, one of his partners, Mr. Young, he\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a handsome fellow. He was country, raised in the country, didn't go to\ncollege, went to correspondence course, got to do good, went to law school at\nnight, and got the law degree. He caught Hunt cheating on him, taking some fees\non an integrated hotel. I was working with Young on it and I saw it, too. He was\npocketing that money and not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"letting it go to the proper . . . He came to me and\nsaid, \"I'm leaving him. I'm going in business for myself and I'd like to invite\nyou to go with me.\" So, the two of us went out on our own in 1940. In the\nmeantime, we still built up some following. It's like everything else. I'd been\ndoing the work. I'd gotten the work. When I left, they left with me. I had a\nlittle bit of a practice and that's the way I got into it.\n\nYOUNG: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, what happened to Mr. Young?\n\nGARBER: Mr. Young and I were partners from 1940 to 1962. In 1962, he and his\nwife . . . He had a gorgeous gal, gorgeous wife. She also was a country girl,\nthis girl of Georgia, and they traveled in the finest of circles, social\ncircles. They were the epitome ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of society in Atlanta and traveled with them.\nThey went to Europe, to France, with the art museum group. The art museum put on\na trip to Paris to see all the art and they both went on that trip. We were\nsupposed to have gone but for some reason ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we weren't able to make it. A number\nof our friends were on that trip. There were 120 people from Atlanta. When the\nplane left, it took off at Orly field coming back. It crashed. Everybody on the\nplane was killed in 1962. We went on. The firm retained the same name and we\nwent on. He still has a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"daughter. He had a daughter, one child. She was a\nbeautiful girl, just magnificent. He was gorgeous and his wife was beautiful and\nthis child was even prettier than both of them. We kept in touch with her. From\n1962 to 1989 is 27 years. She lives in Nashville. About a year and a half ago\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"she called me one day and she says, \"I never really got to know my father well.\nHe died almost before I got to know him.\" She married as a teenager. She says,\n\"I'm just lamenting the fact with my husband and he said, 'If you're worried\nabout it and if you want to, why don't you go back to Atlanta and talk to some\nof the people that were with him.'\" She said, \"I want to come to Atlanta and I'm\ngoing to spend two days with you and Gerry. My husband's coming, too. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We just\nwant to sit in your living room and talk about my father and the things that\nwent on.\" She did and we did.\n\nYOUNG: Wonderful story. Why don't we stop there. When you went into practice\nwith Mr. Young, what was your practice like? Were your clients mostly Jewish?\n\nGARBER: Predominantly. Mine were predominantly Jewish and his were predominantly\nChristian. There were some people that . . . It wasn't my relatives. It wasn't\nmy ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"business associates. I didn't have any. I didn't grow up with those kind of\npeople. It was people that along the way I had met. I became their accountant\nand became their confidant, more than their accountant. My accountant ability on\nthe scale of one to ten was probably a five, but my feelings for people were\nprobably an eight or a nine. My clients became my close friends. If they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had a\nproblem as to whether they should get one of their children an automobile,\nthey'd call me about it. I just got involved with them, into their lives more\nthan . . . Who knows a good accountant from a . . . You don't. I don't. Nobody\ndoes. A good accountant is one that you like. A poor accountant is a good\naccountant that you don't like. It doesn't make any . . . There's no\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"relationship between good in professions that you can recognize. There are\ncertain trial lawyers that are gaining a reputation, but there's a lot of good\nones that don't get the reputation that are just as good. It grew from word of\nmouth that way. I built up a real nice practice over the years, a handsome\npractice that was very financially rewarding. It was done more with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my feelings\nabout people than it was with my abilities, I think. I know. I don't think. I know.\n\nYOUNG: Were you very active in the business community?\n\nGARBER: Not particularly.\n\nYOUNG: You mentioned you were director of . . .\n\nGARBER: Well, as time went on I got to be. People who I represented would ask me\nto become a director and later on, after I retired. Accountants are not supposed\nto be directors in the companies in which they audit ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because you can't be\nimpartial if you are part of the company. When I retired I was invited to go on\na number of boards. I'm on a number of boards now and I don't take anymore. I\ndon't . . . Not necessarily. I'm talking about business boards. I will go on any\nboard that I'm really fond of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people. I won't accept any compensation\nanymore for it. It's a well-paid sort of thing. I won't accept compensation\nbecause I'm doing it for love and you don't get paid for love. I don't know of\nanyone else who feels that way but I do. I feel like if I take their money . . .\nI do take money for five or six boards that I've been on for many years. It's\ncustomary. I've taken it and I still take it, but I stay on those boards because\nof my deep ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"affection for the people. I would stay on the board without any\ncompensation gladly. On any new boards, for instance . . . Cut it off and I'll\ntell you an example.\n\nYOUNG: What do you like about being on a board with all the liability problems nowadays?\n\nGARBER: I really don't like being on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"boards. I try to avoid them. I've gotten\noff of several that I was on, not for liability problems but because I just\ndon't want to be involved. I'm trying to become uninvolved. Where I can\ncontribute something, where I can be of help, where I've got a little expertise\nin a particular field . . . For example, in the field of mergers and\nacquisitions, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I stumbled into that about 15 years ago when nobody was in the\nfield professionally. I worked in several. I didn't do them all. I did some of\nthem in entirety. I did some partially like the Orkin Company. A number of\ncompanies, maybe now I've participated in 42 companies that were being acquired.\nI ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"specialized in not acquiring but being acquired. The reason is that I've\nalways felt that you haven't achieved anything until you've sold your business\nand quit. Businesses go up and down. You stay with one long enough and you're\ngoing to go down, nine times out of ten. I have always said, I've always felt,\nthat the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thing to do is to quit while you're ahead. When you quit, you should\nmerge it for a premium and get more than the assets are worth. I got into that\nfield through accident, I guess, but I became fairly good at it, good being a\nrelative term. Doing a merger is to me like doing a wedding. If the people that\nyou're ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"representing come out and have achieved a life-long success, they've got\nmoney and comfort, and they feel successful, then you've contributed to that.\nWhereas, if you're going through a bankruptcy, it's like a failure. I have\nenjoyed that part of it. I've enjoyed helping good people who deserve it. When\nthey've had a financial reverse and I think that I could ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=4830.0,4860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"help, I've gone on\ntheir board without compensation and have been able to help some. The only way\nthat you ever learn anything in this world is by trial and error. The only way\nto win is to make a lot of mistakes or been with people or represented people\nwho made a lot of mistakes. That's what you learn from is mistakes. You learn\nwhat not to do.\n\nYOUNG: How has the business community changed here over the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"period of time that\nyou've been practicing?\n\nGARBER: I don't think it's changed materially except that it's up, up and away.\nA company that did $10 million in volume ten years ago, today has $30 million in\nvolume. Everything has grown in size. The principals of business are still the\nsame. You have to be smarter than your competition. You have to work as hard.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You have to be lucky. Don't discount luck. If you took all of the successes, you\nwould find that at least, at the very minimum, 80 per cent are due to luck of\nbeing at the right place at the right time, not being smart.\n\nYOUNG: Were you active in many business organizations?\n\nGARBER: Yes, you mean like Chambers of Commerce?\n\nYOUNG: Yes.\n\nGARBER: No. That never ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"appealed to me, I've never done that.\n\nYOUNG: What about accounting organizations?\n\nGARBER: No , ma'am.\n\nYOUNG: So, what kinds of organizations were you involved in?\n\nGARBER: Just primarily charitable and businesses. Nothing else.\n\nYOUNG: What charitable positions?\n\nGARBER: I mentioned before the Jewish Loan Fund. I mentioned the City of Hope.\n\nYOUNG: That wasn't on the tape.\n\nGARBER: What's that?\n\nYOUNG: We didn't have that on the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tape.\n\nGARBER: We didn't?\n\nYOUNG: No. We talked about that.\n\nGARBER: The City of Hope has been very near and dear to me. We work hard for it\nand contribute disproportionately to that in proportion to some of the others.\nBy that I mean, we give more than the average person does and of the total\ngifts. The Jewish children have been very important to me and the Loan Fund\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=4980.0,5010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which . . .\n\nIn my day I've helped with the Welfare Fund. I've helped with the Jewish\ncommunity. I've been very active in the Jewish Community Center, in helping them\nwith fundraising. I have not been active in . . . . but I was president of the\nMayfair Club. It was a social club. I was president of my fraternity. I was\npresident of the Jewish Children's Service. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Wherever I've gone, I went whole\nhog. I don't go half-way whatever I participated in. When I went to the City of\nHope, I became the Honoree for the year. I just go all-out in whatever I do. I\ndon't do it with a great venue. There are some people that I know who do great\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=5040.0,5070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"work but they do it because they need the recognition. They do it for that. It's\none of their primary purposes. I would like to believe . . . I tell myself over\nand over, that that is the one thing I don't do. I'm not interested in the\nrecognition. It just doesn't mean anything to me. I like to feel good inside. We\nhave an endowment fund that we set up in memory of my son and we do real ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"good\nthings. We don't give to the Welfare Fund and we don't give to Red Cross. We\ngive if a child is sick and needs a nurse and can't get one. It could be a\nChristian child that we've never heard. If it comes to our attention, we'll put\na nurse on. If anything that's . . . there isn't any of them that we do that\ngets any recognition. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=5100.0,5130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's always just something that's a good thing to have\ndone but not for the purpose of standing up and saying, \"I give $10,000.\" I'm\nmaking myself sound like a hero. I really think I feel that way. I want to feel\nthat way.\n\nYOUNG: I'm sure it's true. What was the Mayfair Club like?\n\nGARBER: The Mayfair Club was . . . There were three Jewish clubs in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta. The\noriginal one was the Standard Club. That was the elite club that was originally\nmembered by the German Jewish people who came over here. Then they started the\nProgressive Club which was sort of a sports club. It became . . . I don't mean\nit like it's going to sound but I don't know how else to make it . . . All the\nJewish people were of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=5160.0,5190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"limited means. It was no high dues. They had no country\nclub. They had just a place to go dance on Saturday night and eat. There were no\nplaces to eat in Atlanta going back into those years. The only places you could\nget a good meal was at the clubs. The Progressive Club got to be the biggest of\nall here. Then in the mid-1930's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=5190.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an intermediate group started a new club called\nthe Mayfair Club over on Spring Street. It was nice, very nice. It was middle\nclass, I'd guess you would have to say. It was a great social club, a beautiful\nsocial club. We never went anywhere. Nobody in the club ever went anywhere but\nto the club. On Thursday nights you went to the club. On Saturday nights you\nwent to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=5220.0,5250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"club. It was just standard. The girls played bingo or cards. The\nboys played poker. Summer time the kids went swimming. You could play a little\ntennis. We had no country club. It was affordable. Dues were not excessive. It\nburned in the 1960's, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=5250.0,5280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"late 1960's. It caught fire and burned to the ground. One\nof the black people that worked for us that was such a wonderful guy got burned\nto death. It just absolutely floored us. We didn't build back and those of us\nwho were left went on. I never joined the Progressive Club. I just never felt\ncomfortable with it. I went on to join the Standard Club when the Mayfair Club\nburned. I just joined to be joining, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=5280.0,5310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I guess we went out there some but I wasn't\nenthusiastic about it. Then the Progressive Club started downhill and it\ncouldn't make it. It went out of business. The Standard Club was the only club\nthat was able to remain. It went through hard times. It was in deep trouble\nuntil it sold its property and moved out in the country. With the advent of good\nrestaurants and different places to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=5310.0,5340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go, it lost its main appeal.\n\nYOUNG: It was mainly for eating?\n\nGARBER: Eating, an occasional dance, and a place to play cards.\n\nYOUNG: Going back to when you were at the Home, were you involved in any Jewish\nyouth groups?\n\nGARBER: No. We were not involved with anything. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=5340.0,5370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We were bound to our lot. That\nwas just like our world. We didn't go out and belong to anything because you\ncouldn't go to the meetings. We had a Boy Scout troop but we had a Boy Scout\ntroop on our own grounds.\n\nYOUNG: Were you in it?\n\nGARBER: Yes, sure. One summer we went to a camp at St. Simons. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=5370.0,5400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was a Boy\nScout camp, I guess. Jewish activities as such . . . There just wasn't any such\nthing because that meant you'd have to get out and go. We weren't allowed to go.\nWe weren't in prison but we weren't free to go. I couldn't go out to a meeting\nat night or anywhere. None of us could.\n\nYOUNG: Were your children involved in Jewish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=5400.0,5430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"activities?\n\nGARBER: My children?\n\nYOUNG: Yes.\n\nGARBER: My son, Stephen and Marianne are involved in every Jewish activity.\nThere isn't one they're not involved in. My son, Richard, was not involved in\nany of them. Same parents, same background, it's the individual, it's not the parents.\n\nYOUNG: No, I just meant, when they were growing up were they bar mitzvahed?\n\nGARBER: Yes. We raised them . . . they belonged to . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=5430.0,5460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, all of them, even\nRichard went to the Jewish Community Center and played basketball. Yes. Stephen\nwas active in the Jewish organizations.\n\nYOUNG: Is Israel very important to you?\n\nGARBER: It's important to me for the other Jews. It's not important to me for\nme. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=5460.0,5490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I know that sounds strange. I want all the Jews to have a homeland and have\na place to go that they can call their home. I don't want to go there. I've been\nseveral times. I'm not impressed with the Jews that are in Israel. For example,\non my first trip over there, I went to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=5490.0,5520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a kibbutz. They were showing us the best\nside of the kibbutzes, I'm sure. They were impressive. It was a mission sort of\nthing. The first one was in 1967, right after the Six-Day War. We went there and\nthey told us all about it. We went to dinner. I noticed there wasn't anybody\nthere but American Jews. I said . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=5520.0,5550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was kosher. We had kosher meals. I\nasked them. I said, \"What about the people at the kibbutz?\" They're not kosher.\nThey have a non-kosher dining room and they eat over there. \"Where do they go to\nservices?\" They were out in the country. They don't go to services. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=5550.0,5580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"strongly\nfeel that I want to, must, and should support Israel financially. I want them to\nsurvive and do well. I want them to do so well that they don't need me over\nthere. Isn't that terrible to say that?\n\nYOUNG: You believe it should exist. You want to see it go . . .\n\nGARBER: Yes. We support it and we always will. We support a lot of the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=5580.0,5610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"organizations over there: Lifeline, and a lot of those things. I believe in\nIsrael. It's a wonderful place for the people that are dispossessed or live in\ncountries that are not controlled. Even the Jews in Israel, now, more of them\nare leaving than are coming in. Why? There's a reason for it. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=5610.0,5640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm very angry\nwith the fact that the Israeli government has allowed, all through the years, a\nfanatical fringe representing one per cent of the population to control the\ngovernment. I think that's horrible. I think they ought to have enough guts to\nsay, \"To hell with you. You don't contribute a thing to this country. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=5640.0,5670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You don't\npay any taxes. You don't do anything for it but condemn it and fight it.\" We\nalmost had a revolt here in Atlanta. I'm sure you know about it. About a year\nago, all of a sudden, the one per cent of the fanatics decided that Jews ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=5670.0,5700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were\nonly Jews if they had a Jewish mother but not a Jewish father. I've got two\ngorgeous grandchildren, wonderful. My daughter-in-law, my youngest son divorced\nthis woman, she is the greatest. We love her as much as if she were our own\ndaughter. They've been divorced for five years. There isn't a day that we don't\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=5700.0,5730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"talk to them, they don't come over, we don't go over, and we don't do things. I\nsent her to Israel. She converted when she married him on her own volition and\nbecame one of the most dedicated Jews. There hasn't been one Friday since she's\nbeen married they don't light the candles . . . They've got both children in the\nEpstein School. She's given up every Christian friend she had. She goes only\nwith Jewish girls. She's a wonderful, very pretty . . All of a sudden, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=5730.0,5760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my\ngrandchildren, her two children, aren't Jews anymore because they have a\nChristian mother. That's not right. If my grandchildren can't be Jews, what the\nhell am I doing? For once I was very proud of our Atlanta Federation leaders.\nThey rose up as one. They began to get calls. I was one of them. I said, \"I'll\ngive the same amount of money but I want it divided among the charities, all\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=5760.0,5790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other charities except Israel. I want them left out of it.\" If they don't have\nenough courage to let this fanatical . . . Shamir had said that he was going to\ngo along with them. He backed down because of the uproar from all over the world\ncame in so strong that he had to back down. I'm not in love with Israel. I'm in\nlove ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=5790.0,5820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the fact that it is our country and anybody that wants to and can is\nfree to go there. I'd like to help them get started. I'd like to see them live\nthere and be happy. I don't want to go there. I want to go on a visit. My son,\nwho's married to the second Christian girl, is over there right now, in Israel\ntoday. My children have been several times. We've been several ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=5820.0,5850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"times, but I'm\nnot burned over with fervor. Right or wrong, that's me.\n\nYOUNG: Tell me about how you met your wife.\n\nGARBER: Gerry was born in a little town called Nicholsville, population 150. She\nmoved to a much bigger city, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=5850.0,5880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1,000 people, Hazelhurst. In 1929 she came to\nGeorgia as a freshman. I was over in school at the time. I met her and I dated\nher. She was only able to study one year. As it turned out, her father's\nbusiness got in real ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=5880.0,5910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trouble and he couldn't afford to send her. She had to drop\nout of school but we continued our correspondence. She moved to New York, got a\njob, stayed up there a while, and then moved back home. She couldn't do no\nbetter and I couldn't do no better, so we got married. She couldn't find anybody\nthat was any better or any ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=5910.0,5940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wealthier and I was poor as a church mouse or less. I\nwould have had to improve to be that poor, to be that church mouse. I wasn't up\nto that level yet. She's been a real good wife. She worked hard and helped me\nwhen we started out. She got a job. She was a buyer for Rich's, making more\nmoney than I was making as a CPA. We made it down the road and we've been at it\nfor 52 years now. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=5940.0,5970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It turned out alright.\n\nYOUNG: How did you keep in touch when she went to New York? Were you upset with that?\n\nGARBER: I'll tell you a cute story about that. Gerry went to New York and when\nshe left, before she went to New York she lived at a camp. She was a camp\ndirector or something, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=5970.0,6000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a Jewish camp. I wrote her a letter. I wrote her a love\nletter. I didn't hear from her. A year went by and I didn't hear from her.\nFinally, I got a letter from her in New York. She was in New York and telling me\nwhat she was doing. I wrote down the date that I got the letter. I waited\nexactly one year and nine days. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=6000.0,6030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That was the length of time that it took her to\nanswer my letter. I answered her a year and nine days later. I went up to visit\nher in New York and then she moved back to Atlanta.\n\nYOUNG: Did your mother and your sisters live with you then, too?\n\nGARBER: My mother lived with me when we first got married, yes. One of my\nsisters did. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=6030.0,6060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then we got my mother a place and my sisters . . . My oldest sister\ngot married and then we got our own little place. Initially, my mother lived\nwith us.\n\nYOUNG: Where did you get married?\n\nGARBER: We couldn't afford a marriage so, we got married in 1937. I had not yet\nbeen in practice. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=6060.0,6090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We couldn't afford to have a wedding, so we decided we would\nrun away. We weren't running. We decided we'd go out of town. We decided we'd\ntake a cruise from Jacksonville to New York. We left Atlanta and said we'd get\nmarried in Jacksonville. We couldn't quite make it to Jacksonville before dark,\nso we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=6090.0,6120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stopped in a little town just on the border--a Georgia town--and went in\nthe courthouse. We said to the Justice of the Peace, \"Here's three dollars,\nmarry us.\" That's the way we got married. We were still going to do something\nabout it. We were still going to get married by a Rabbi. We were just waiting\nanother year or two.\n\nYOUNG: Did you have a fiftieth anniversary celebration?\n\nGARBER: Yeah, we had a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=6120.0,6150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fiftieth anniversary but we don't like big fusses, so we\nwent down to the beach and got a beach house. We had both of our children, our\nsisters, and Gerry's sisters alternate coming in. They all came down and the\nfamily was together. We didn't make a big to-do out of it other than\nfamily-wise. I don't like big fusses.\n\nYOUNG: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=6150.0,6180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What was it like when you graduated from college? Were you able to go\nright on your own or did you stay at the Home?\n\nGARBER: I didn't have any choice. I came to Atlanta because I wanted to get back\nto Atlanta. I moved in with a friend of mine that I met at school that had an\napartment until I could get a job. Then I got this job and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=6180.0,6210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"got me a little\napartment of my own.\n\nYOUNG: And then your sisters came and lived with you?\n\nGARBER: Yes, I brought my mother back. My mother was still . . . When I\ngraduated, my mother was still in Asheville in the sanitarium. When I got out of\nschool, I contacted the sanitarium and they said that my mother's tuberculosis\nwas now arrested. It was safe to live in the same household with her. You didn't\nlive in a household with tubercular people. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=6210.0,6240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was contagious, they said. I\nbrought my mother back to Atlanta. That was in 1931. I didn't get married until 1937.\n\nYOUNG: What was it like in the depression for work here? You said it was very\ndifficult and you were glad to get a job. Did you have much business?\n\nGARBER: Did I have what?\n\nYOUNG: Much business?\n\nGARBER: I didn't have any. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=6240.0,6270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I just started. I got a job with this man. The way\nthat I kept my job, it all goes back to the Jewish Orphans' Home. I studied\naccounting in the university and got my degree in accounting. I didn't know\nanybody in accounting. We went to school and studied but we didn't learn\nanything about it. I had decent grades. You don't learn it until you get out and\nwork in it. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=6270.0,6300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In that day, the accounting profession was an in its infancy. What\nthe accounting firms would do is they would hire you in January. On March 15\nwhen you filed a tax return, they'd lay you off. If you were around they'd pick\nyou up next December and if not, they would pick up somebody else. They hired me\nin ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=6300.0,6330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"December. When March rolled around, I went in to see the man who was head of\nthe firm. I said, \"Mr. Hunt, you've got to keep\" . . . They kept part of the\nstaff, a little of it. I said, \"You've got to keep one junior.\" They had one\njunior that was head and shoulders above me. He was a Tech graduate, a real ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=6330.0,6360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"good\nprofessional man. I said, \"You've got to have one. I can take dictation and I\ncan type. You could use me as a secretary when you need me. You could use me in\na lot of ways other than just accounting. I'd like to ask you to . . .\nFurthermore I'll work for less.\" That's the way I kept my job.\n\nYOUNG: So, your typing came in handy.\n\nGARBER: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=6360.0,6390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, sure. I did take dictation from him on occasion.\n\nYOUNG: That was because you learned that in the Home?\n\nGARBER: Yes. I learned it in the afternoons after school. I didn't go to\nCommercial High. I went to Boys' High. They didn't have typing and bookkeeping.\n\nYOUNG: Did you learn bookkeeping after school, too?\n\nGARBER: Yes.\n\nYOUNG: How did you know you wanted to become an accountant?\n\nGARBER: Nobody ever knows what they want to become. I shouldn't say nobody. I'd\nsay maybe two or three per cent. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=6390.0,6420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Two or three out of a hundred know what they\nwant to be. I didn't know what I wanted to be. You pay your nickel and you take\nyour chance. I knew I wasn't going to go to law school. It took too long to\ngraduate. I knew I couldn't go to medical school. It cost a lot of money and it\ntook too long. What was I going to do? I went to business school. At business\nschool they teach accounting. I said, \"That's it. I'll be an accountant.\" I\ndidn't have any ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=6420.0,6450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"flair for it. That's the way life is. You don't start out in any\ndirection. You just wind up somewhere.\n\nYOUNG: When you went out on your own, did you mainly stay in the Jewish\ncommunity or did you . . . You mentioned your partner was not Jewish, did you .\n. .\n\nGARBER: No, I lived in the Jewish community. My friends were all Jewish. I had a\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=6450.0,6480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"few Christian friends, but basically I was Jewish. I remained Jewish. I lived\nwith the Jewish people. To answer your question, my partner was Christian. We\nwere in two separate worlds. We'd go out together very rarely, or occasionally.\nWe got along fine. We had no problems. They were just different worlds, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=6480.0,6510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's all.\n\nYOUNG: How did you practice together?\n\nGARBER: In what sense?\n\nYOUNG: How did you keep the business . . . Did you make business decisions\ntogether or did you pretty much have separate . . .\n\nGARBER: We had a very wonderful partnership. Professional partnerships, about\none out of ten survive. They separate and they go. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=6510.0,6540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Everybody wants to be the\nhead of one. There can't be but one head. There's no way you can have two heads\nof anything, They may try but it don't work. He was more knowledgeable than I.\nHe was two or three years older than I. He had more practice than I did. We made\nthe decisions . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=6540.0,6570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We never had a problem. He was very fair. When we went\ntogether he said, \"Just how are we going to divide it now? I've got about 60 per\ncent of the practice and you've got about 40, how about 60:40?\" I said, \"I think\nthat's fair.\" We didn't have a salary. We just took whatever we made and divided\nit 60:40 over and above expenses. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=6570.0,6600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As time went on, my practice grew faster than\nhis. After two, three, or four years, I had 50 per cent of the business and he\nhad 50 per cent of the business. He was wise enough and gentleman enough that he\ncame in and he said, \"Look, I think we should change it now and each get 50 per\ncent of what we get.\" I appreciated it. I would have resented it if I would have\nhad to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=6600.0,6630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ask for it. Later on it came to a point where I had 60 per cent of the\npractice and he had 40 per cent because his ambition slowed down. He liked to go\nto the club a little bit more. We had a pleasant relationship. We never had a .\n. . In 20 years of practice, in 22 years we never had one disagreement about\nanything. Nothing. We got along fine. He was fair and I tried ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=6630.0,6660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be fair. We\njust had no problems whatsoever.\n\nYOUNG: When you hired new accountants, did you hire Jewish ones and he hired Christians?\n\nGARBER: No. Once we got the firm, it mattered not. Anybody came along, and he\nwas Jewish and we thought he was a good man, we hired him. He was Christian, I\nhired a Christian just as quick as I would a Jewish boy. I made no distinction.\nI went by the merit.\n\nYOUNG: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=6660.0,6690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How big did your practice grow?\n\nGARBER: When we merged with Touche Ross in 1964 we had 73 people working with\nus. Seventy-one working for us and the two of us makes 73.\n\nYOUNG: And after that, what did you do when you retired from that? When you sold\nit what did you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=6690.0,6720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do?\n\nGARBER: I stayed home from 1964, when I merged, to 1971. I did not like . . . I\nwas not happy with the way the big firm ran the business. There was nothing warm\nor personal about it. It was just projections, making projections. I just didn't\nlike it. That wasn't my kind of practice. They were more professional. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=6720.0,6750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They made\nbetter audits. They had better training for their people. They did all the right\nthings. They just didn't have the heart that went with it. The people that I had\nrepresented were more interested in the other aspect of it. I just wasn't happy.\nIt just wasn't what I wanted. Financially, it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=6750.0,6780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"turned out beautiful for me.\nOtherwise it didn't. I had a great disadvantage when I merged. All of the Big 8\nfirms that were . . . eight national firms, they called it the Big 8. All of\nthem started out on a drive in 1961 or 1962 to become larger. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=6780.0,6810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The only way to do\nit was to acquire the large local firms in the towns that they were in or the\ntowns that they wanted to come into. Touche Ross was the eighth of the eight big\nfirms. It was one of five of the Big 8 that came to see us to try to get us to\nmerge. They all had pretty much the same format about it. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=6810.0,6840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's an old saying\nthat says, \"Ignorance is bliss.\" We didn't know that you weren't supposed to\nmake a lot of money. We just didn't know it. Nobody ever told us. We didn't know\nthat we should pay better wages. We didn't know that we should have a lot of\ntraining for the people and send them off to schools. We just didn't know that.\nNobody ever told us. There was nobody who taught you how to run an accounting\nbusiness. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=6840.0,6870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, we didn't do those things. All we did was work long hours, got our\npeople to work long hours, and made a lot of money. We didn't know that what we\nwere making wasn't par for the course until the Big 8 came along. Their formula\nwas . . . They would say, \"Okay, you give us your operating statement, your\nprofit and loss statement for the last three years, and we'll give you ours.\nWe'll put them together and if yours represented three percent of the total, you\ngot three per cent of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=6870.0,6900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"partnership.\" Theoretically, right where you are and\nyour growth from then on was in the whole package. When they saw our figures,\nthey couldn't believe the profit that we made. My profit, personally . . . I had\n14 partners in my firm. After Young died I was the major partner. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=6900.0,6930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My share of\nthe profits in the preceding year was nearly twice of that of the biggest\npartner in the national firm, who was the managing partner, who had 600 partners\nand about 8,000 people under him. My income was nearly twice as high as his.\nWhat ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=6930.0,6960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we discovered was that we didn't pay high wages, we didn't spend the money\ntraining, and our rates were lower than theirs but our utilization--that is the\nbillable hours for which we could charge--was probably about 50 per cent\ngreater. We made every man get about 2,000, which was 40 hours a week, 50 weeks\na year. We made them get that. They just had to do it. There weren't any if's,\nand's, or but's. They got about 1,200 or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=6960.0,6990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1,300 billable hours out of the people\nand those were all pure profit. There wasn't any expense attached to that.\nNaturally, . . . how long did the manager of the department of a big firm after\nwe merged allow me to make twice as much money as he did? He allowed me to do it\none year. Then mine went down and his went up. Anyway, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=6990.0,7020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"money wasn't the thing. I\njust wasn't happy with it. I had a good program that I was lucky enough to put\ntogether and they agreed to this, that what would happen if I retired early. I\nwasn't supposed to retire until 65. If any of the Touche Ross partners retired\nbefore 65 they wouldn't get anything, but I was able to retire at 60 and got my\nfull benefits. It turned out to be real ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=7020.0,7050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well for me. I just went on out and got\ninvolved with some of my friends in real estate, or one thing and then another.\nA lot of good times and being in the right places at the right time . . . We\nwere able to make some investments that turned out real good.\n\nYOUNG: What keeps you going now? What do you enjoy doing?\n\nGARBER: Making money ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=7050.0,7080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is not one of the things that motivates me at all. I like\nto win. I play badminton. I'd break an arm to win the game even when we aren't\nplaying for anything. It's just my nature. What motivates me is my\ngrandchildren. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=7080.0,7110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They're the apple of my eye. I've got more than my share of\nhealth. I've got many times my share of the wealth more than I -- not that I've\ngot that much but measuring it by what others have I've got more than I'm\nentitled to and more than I deserve. Money doesn't interest me anymore.\n\nYOUNG: Do you have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=7110.0,7140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"things that you learned as a child that holds you? I mean, do\nyou have religious believes or things that sustain you?\n\nGARBER: Just mediocre. I guess I'm trying right now knowing that I'm approaching\nthat day. Unless I am going to be the only man in the world that I'm going to be\n80 next August not many entertain that age. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=7140.0,7170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Certainly not many beyond that. A\nyear or two. Three if you're lucky. You have to be damn lucky to get the next\nthree. I want to have enough health to survive those two or three years. And I\nwant to just see my children happy. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=7170.0,7200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Happy is the word. I just want to see them\nhappy. My children and my grandchildren. Home balance is pretty good in that\nrespect. That is the religion. I never was very religious. I've got a strange feeling.\n\nYOUNG: We were talking a little bit about what makes someone a Jew and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=7200.0,7230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you\nmentioned what a good Jew you think Dr. Epstein is. Why do you think that?\n\nGARBER: Well, Rabbi Epstein has been the rabbi for about 55 years in Atlanta. No\none has ever known him to do anything out of character. He's warm, he's caring.\nHe's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=7230.0,7260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the epitome of what, I think, a good person is. What makes him stand out\nabove all is, is that he is Jewish and feels that way. To me, there can be no\nhigher compliment than to be a good Jew and do nice things ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=7260.0,7290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for people. It's not\nnecessarily just Jews but for any deserving people. Epstein would do that. Now\n86 he's gotten a bit of a temper. He is a little bit short sometimes. But in his\nheart, he's very caring and that to me that is very important. That's the way I\nfeel about it. That's how I'd like to be. I'd like to be not as religious as he\nis ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=7290.0,7320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but be like in him in all other respects.\n\nYOUNG: What do you hope your grandchildren will be when they grow up? What kind\nof Jew would you like to see them to be?\n\nGARBER: Happy. Well adjusted. Proud of their heritage. When my . . . I wouldn't\nwant my grandchildren to be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=7320.0,7350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/transcript/22012/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"strong, orthodox Jews. I'd rather they be moderate.\nI believe they will. They all show the tendency right now to be just that and\nthat pleases me.\n\nYOUNG: I want to thank you very much. I've really enjoyed talking to you.\n\nGARBER: You're a nice young lady.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=7350.0,7380.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Al Garber [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eElias “Eli” H. Garber (1872-1922) was a native of Russia who resided in Atlanta where he was an optician and a grocer.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRosa Gershon Garber (1882-1960).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e‘Consumption’ was the popular term for tuberculosis since the disease caused the wasting away or ‘consumption’ of its victim. Tuberculosis is a potentially fatal contagious disease that mainly affects the lungs. It can usually be cured with antibiotics but before they were discovered in the 1940’s tuberculosis was the single most common cause of death in the United States. Today it is still a killer, causing about 3 million deaths around the world yearly.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Hebrew Orphans’ Home was located at 478 Washington Street in Atlanta, Georgia. The residence facility was open from 1876 to 1930. It was originally called the Hebrew Orphans’ Asylum and was originally an actual orphanage. In 1901, the name was changed to the Hebrew Orphans’ Home. Then its services phased into placing children in foster home care and helping with adoptions instead of an actual orphans' home, during which time it was called the Jewish Family and Children's Bureau (and another variation—Jewish Children's Services). Finally it got out of the children's institutional care business entirely. In 1988, the organization’s mission changed and it became the Jewish Educational Loan Fund (JELF) with the goal of providing low-interest post-secondary education loans for Jewish students.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWashington–Rawson was a neighborhood of Atlanta that was a center of Jewish community in the city. By the mid-1870’s, Washington Street was becoming one of the city's finest residential streets. The neighborhood was wealthy at the turn of the twentieth century: Encyclopedia Britannica of 1910 listed Washington Street as one of the finest residential areas of the city. The neighborhood included the area that is now the large parking lot north of Turner Field, until 1996 the site of Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium. It also included the intersection of the two streets for which it was named. That intersection's location is now the site of the I-20-Downtown Connector interchange.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAtlanta–Fulton County Stadium, often referred to as ‘Fulton County Stadium’ and originally named ‘Atlanta Stadium,’ was built to attract a major league baseball team. In 1966 it succeeded when the Milwaukee Braves relocated to Atlanta. The stadium was built on the site of the cleared Washington-Rawson neighborhood, which had been a wealthy area and home to much of Atlanta’s Jewish community. The Braves continued to play at Fulton County Stadium until the end of the 1996 season, when they moved into Turner Field, the converted Centennial Olympic Stadium originally built for the 1996 Summer Olympics. The stadium was demolished in 1997. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eB'nai B'rith International (Hebrew: ‘Children of the Covenant’) is the oldest Jewish service organization in the world. B'nai B'rith states that it is committed to the security and continuity of the Jewish people and the State of Israel and combating antisemitism and bigotry. Its mission is to unite persons of the Jewish faith and to enhance Jewish identity through strengthening Jewish family life, to provide broad-based services for the benefit of senior citizens, and to facilitate advocacy and action on behalf of Jews throughout the world. District 5 of B’nai B’rith stretched from Baltimore to Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarold Hirsch (1881-1930) was a well-known attorney who was active in philanthropic organizations in the Atlanta area. He received his law degree in 1904 and soon became one of Atlanta's most prominent lawyers, helping Coca-Cola trademark its signature logo and bottle design in a number of copyright infringement cases. He was also involved in the creation of the law school at Emory University and one of the founding members of the faculty. Hirsch was very involved in philanthropic endeavors, particularly those in the Jewish community. He was a member of the Hebrew Benevolent Congregation (The Temple), the Federation of Jewish Charities, the United Jewish Charities, and the Independent Order of B'nai B'rith.  He helped found The Atlanta Committee for German-Jewish Relief and served as chairman of the organization.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBoys’ High School was founded in 1924 and is now known as Henry W. Grady High School. It is part of the Atlanta Public School System. It has had many notable alumni, including S. Truett Cathy, the founder of Chick-fil-A. It is located in Midtown Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHerbert Orlando “H. O.” Smith (1880-1963) was the principal at Boys’ High in Atlanta from 1920 to his retirement in 1946. He was born in Portland, Maine and was a graduate of Boston Latin School and Harvard College. He was a teacher at Boys’ High from 1909 to 1920 before his appointment as principal.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFeist Marx Strauss (1882-1928), born in Cleveland, Ohio, was first assistant superintendent, then superintendent, of the Hebrew Orphans’ Home in Atlanta during the 1920’s. Before that, he was assistant superintendent at the Hebrew Orphans’ Asylum of the City of in New York. He was born in Cleveland, Ohio.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e2812 Plantation Drive, Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFreda Garber Goldstein Karp (1913-2000).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Georgia Institute of Technology (commonly referred to as ‘Georgia Tech’ or ‘Tech’) is a public research university in Atlanta, Georgia. It is a part of the University System of Georgia.  The educational institution was founded in 1885 as the Georgia School of Technology as part of Reconstruction plans to build an industrial economy in the post-Civil War Southern United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJoseph Loewus (1867-1946) was a 50-year resident of Atlanta, Georgia who was born in Austria. He was a real estate manager. Prior to settling in Atlanta, he lived in New York City and Chicago. He was chairman of the board for the Atlanta Hebrew Orphans’ Home, a charter member of the Progressive Club in Atlanta, and a member of the Hebrew Benevolent Congregation (forerunner of The Temple in Atlanta).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLeah Greenfield Loewus (1877-1946) was a resident of Atlanta, Georgia who was born in Albany, Georgia. She was the daughter of David Greenfield, a merchant in Albany, Georgia who served in the Confederate Army during the Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJanet Garber Nadel (1918-2006).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePiedmont Park is a 189-acre park located just north of downtown Atlanta. It was originally designed by Joseph Forsyth Johnson to host the first Piedmont Exhibition in 1887.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHenry W. Grady High School is located in Atlanta, Georgia. It is one of the first two high schools established by Atlanta Public Schools in 1872.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHigh school in Atlanta from 1947 to1985 that was named for Michael Hoke Smith who was a United States Senator from Georgia, the 58th Governor of Georgia, and United States Secretary of the Interior.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGirls’ High School was one of seven schools that were part of the original Atlanta public school system. It opened in 1872, and was the only public school in the area exclusively for girls. It was a superb school academically, and had 104 rooms including science halls, laboratories, sewing rooms, a library, and outdoor classrooms. In 1947, Atlanta high schools became co-educational and Girls’ High was renamed ‘Roosevelt High School.’\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe two High Holy Days are Rosh Ha-Shanah (Jewish New Year) and Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Temple, or ‘Hebrew Benevolent Congregation,’ is Atlanta’s oldest Jewish congregation. The cornerstone was laid on the Temple on Garnett Street in 1875.  The dedication was held in 1877 and the Temple was located there until 1902.  The Temple’s next location on Pryor Street was dedicated in 1902. The Temple’s current location in Midtown on Peachtree Street was dedicated in 1931. The main sanctuary is on the National Register of Historic Places. The Reform congregation now totals approximately 1,500 families.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eReform Judaism is a division within Judaism especially in North America and Western Europe. Historically it began in the nineteenth century. In general, the Reform movement maintains that Judaism and Jewish traditions should be modernized and compatible with participation in Western culture.  While the Torah remains the law, in Reform Judaism women are included (mixed seating, bat mitzvah and women rabbis), music is allowed in the services and most of the service is in English.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi David Marx was a long-time rabbi at the Temple in Atlanta, Georgia. He led the move toward Reform Judaism practices. He served as rabbi from 1895 to 1946. When he retired, Rabbi Jacob Rothschild took the pulpit that Rabbi Marx had held for more than half a century.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAtlanta Jewish Community Center was officially founded in 1910, as the Jewish Educational Alliance. In the late 1940’s it evolved into the Atlanta Jewish Community Center and moved to Peachtree Street. It stayed there until 1998, when the building was sold and the center moved to Dunwoody. In 2000, it was renamed the ‘Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta.’\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAhavath Achim (AA) was founded in 1887 in a small room on Gilmer Street. In 1901 they moved to a permanent building at the corner of Piedmont and Gilmer Street. In 1921, the congregation constructed a synagogue at Washington Street and Woodward Avenue. The final service in that building was held in 1958 to make way for construction of the Downtown Connector (the concurrent section of Interstate 75 and Interstate 85 through Atlanta). The synagogue moved to its current location on Peachtree Battle Avenue in 1958.  Rabbi Abraham Hirmes was the first rabbi of the then Orthodox congregation. In 1928 Rabbi Harry Epstein became the rabbi and the congregation began to shift to Conservatism, which they joined in 1952.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for ‘teaching. ‘Torah’ is a general term that covers all Jewish law including the vast mass of teachings recorded in the Talmud and other rabbinical works.  ‘Sefer Torah’ refers to the sacred scroll on which the first five books of the Bible (the Pentateuch) are written.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShabbat (Hebrew) or Shabbos (Yiddish) is the Jewish day of rest and is observed on Saturdays. Shabbat observance entails refraining from work activities, often with great rigor, and engaging in restful activities to honor the day. Shabbat begins at sundown on Friday night and is ushered in by lighting candles and reciting a blessing. It is closed the following evening with the recitation of the havdalah blessing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGussie Jackson (1877- ) was a matron for the girls’ dormitory at the Atlanta Hebrew Orphans’ Home, from 1911 through the 1920’s.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Educational Loan Fund had its origins in 1961 when the Jewish Children’s Services (JCS), which grew out of the Hebrew Orphans’ Home in Atlanta, Georgia shifted its focus to providing interest-free, needs-based loans to college students within the five-state region that was originally served by the Orphans’ Home. The JCS board combined some assets from the Simon Wolf Endowment Fund with JCS’ scholarship fund. In 1989, the organization changed its names to the Jewish Educational Loan Fund (JELF).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOur Lady of Perpetual Help Home in Atlanta was established in 1939 in what originally was the Hebrew Orphans’ Home. Our Lady of Perpetual Help Home accepts patients with a diagnosis of incurable or terminal cancer who are unable to pay for adequate nursing care elsewhere. In 1973, Our Lady of Perpetual Help Home relocated to a new building on Pollard Street in downtown Atlanta and is operated by the Hawthorne Dominican Sisters, a Catholic religious order.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThomas H. Pitts operated a store at several locations in the Five Points section of Atlanta, Georgia from 1894 to 1926. The stores sold cigars, magazines, candy, and soft drinks. It had one of the first soda fountains in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Progressive Club was a Jewish social organization that was established in 1913 by Russian Jews who felt unwelcome at the Standard Club, where German Jews were predominant. At first the club was located in a rented house until a new club was built on Pryor Street including a swimming pool and a gym. In 1940 the club opened a larger facility at 1050 Techwood Drive in Midtown with three swimming pools, tennis and softball. In 1976 the club moved north to 1160 Moore’s Mill Road near Interstate 75. The property was eventually sold as the club faced financial challenges and the Carl E. Sanders Family YMCA at Buckhead opened in 1996.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCity of Hope is a private, not-for-profit clinical research center, hospital and graduate medical school located in Duarte, California that was founded. Now known primarily for its cancer center, it was founded as a tuberculosis sanitarium in 1918. It produced the first genetically engineered, synthetic human insulin using E. coli in 1978.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSam Perloff (1911-1997) was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and resided in the Atlanta Hebrew Childrens' Home during childhood. He was a sergeant in the United States Army during World War II. He later resided in Tucker,  Georgia. His career in the film industry spanned 42 years as an office manager at MGM Studios and 16 years as an employee at Universal Studios.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDavid Dean Rusk (1909-1994) was the United States Secretary of State from 1961 to 1969 under Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson.  He was born in Cherokee County, Georgia and graduated from Boys’ High School in 1925. He served in World War II in the China-Burma-India Theater, for which he was decorated.  After the war he joined the Department of State.  His influence was critical during the Cuban missile crisis (1962) and the Vietnam War.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMalcolm Honore Bryan (1902-1967) was an economist and President of the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta from 1951 to 1965. A native of Wateska, Illinois, he started his career as a professor at the University of Georgia in Athens in 1925. His career at the Federal Reserve spanned 1938 to 1946 and 1951 to 1965. He was vice chairman at Trust Company Bank from 1946 to 1951.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Federal Reserve System‍—‌also known as the Federal Reserve or simply as the “Fed‍”—‌is the central banking system of the United States. The Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta is one of 12 regional Federal Reserve Banks that, together with the Board of Governors in Washington, D.C., make up the Federal Reserve System. The Atlanta Federal Reserve Bank serves the Sixth Federal Reserve District, which consists of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, and portions of Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNan Coghlan Bryan (1897-1987), a native of Chicago, Illinois, became the first female faculty member in arts and sciences at the University of Georgia in Athens, Georgia in 1928. She was director of the University of Georgia Press from 1935 to 1938 and on the faculty of Georgia Tech’s Evening School (now Georgia State University) in Atlanta. She received a papal medal from Pope John XXIII for her work in social services that included serving as chairman of Catholic Social Services in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTrust Company of Georgia was initially chartered by the Georgia General Assembly as the Commercial Travelers’ Savings Bank. In 1893, it restructured and renamed itself Trust Company of Georgia. After a series of acquisitions and mergers, Trust Company of Georgia, the combined company took the name SunTrust in 1995. SunTrust is a publicly-held company that serves the Southeastern United States with 1,400 bank branches.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Cloister is an historic, five-star luxury resort which is secluded on Sea Island, a privately owned, unincorporated area of Glynn County, Georgia. Sea Island is one of the barrier islands along the southeastern coast of the United States which are known as the Golden Isles of Georgia. The front desk of the Cloister was known for its sign stating “we cater to a Christian clientele.” In 1966, after the Anti-Defamation League of B’nai B’rith filed a lawsuit against the Cloister for “continuing practices of denying accommodations to Jews,\" The hotel agreed to stop its discriminatory policy.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Capital City Club is a private social club founded in Atlanta in 1883. It is among the oldest social organizations in the South.  The Club presently operates three facilities, the oldest of which is the downtown Atlanta Club. The Capital City Country Club, located in Brookhaven, was leased in 1913 and purchased in 1915.  In the autumn of 2002 an additional club facility, the Crabapple Golf Club, was completed in the northern portion of Fulton County.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Standard Club is a Jewish social club that started as the Concordia Association in 1867 in Downtown Atlanta. In 1905, it was reorganized as the ‘Standard Club’ and moved into the former mansion of William C. Sanders near where Turner Field is now located.  In the late 1920’s the club moved to Ponce de Leon Avenue in Midtown Atlanta.  Later, the club moved to what is now the Lenox Park business park and was located there until 1983. In the 1980’s, the club moved to its present location in Johns Creek in Atlanta’s northern suburbs. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHerbert Haas (1884-1953) was born in Atlanta and was a graduate of Columbia University in New York.  Haas worked as a defense attorney for Leo Frank along with Luther Zeigler Rosser and others. He also worked as a special counsel for the City of Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJoseph Haas (1911-2000) was a community leader, prominent Atlanta attorney, and graduate of Harvard Law School (Cambridge, Massachusetts.)\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLeo Frank (1884-1915) was a Jewish factory superintendent in Atlanta, Georgia. In 1913, he was accused of raping and murdering one of his employees, a 13-year-old girl named Mary Phagan, whose body was found on the premises of the National Pencil Company. Frank was arrested, tried, convicted and sentenced to death for her murder. The trial was the catalyst for a great outburst of antisemitism led by the populist Tom Watson and the center of powerful class and political interests. Frank was sent to Milledgeville State Penitentiary to await his execution.  Governor John M. Slaton, believing there had been a miscarriage of justice, commuted Frank’s sentence to life in prison. This enraged a group of men who styled themselves the “Knights of Mary Phagan.” They drove to the prison, kidnapped Frank from his cell and drove him to Marietta, Georgia where they lynched him. Many years later, the murderer was revealed to be Jim Conley, who had lied in the trial, pinning it on Frank instead. Frank was pardoned on March 11, 1986, although they stopped short of exonerating him.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarvey H. Hunt (born Harrison Harvey Hunt in Gainesville, Georgia about 1995) was a founder of the certified public accounting (CPA) firm, Harvey H. Hunt Company. Originally called Robinson and Hunt, the firm merged with Gerald L. Bailey in 1984. He was president of the Georgia Society of CPA’s  in 1930.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMax Cuba (1903-1972) was born in New York and lived in Atlanta, Georgia. He was a Certified Public Accountant, community leader, and philanthropist. Max served as a city alderman several times, and was a leader on the Atlanta-Fulton County Joint Planning Board for over 30 years. He was also twice the president of the Atlanta Jewish Community Council, and a member of the Board of Directors of the Council of Jewish Federations and Welfare Funds. He was the “Man of the Year” for B’nai B’rith, Jewish War Veterans, and the Jewish Theological Seminary. He was the President of Ahavath Achim Congregation and B’nai B’rith.  As he had no family of his own, his personal life was closely linked with the family of his brother, Joe Cuba, as he lived with them for some time.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarold Sykes Young (1904-1962) was born in Fitzgerald, Georgia and died in the 1962 plane crash at Orly Field in Paris, France. He was a co-founder, with Alfred Garber, of Young, Garber and Company.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCarroll MacDonald Young (1911-1962).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn June 3, 1962, 106 Atlanta arts patrons died in an airplane crash at Orly Airport in Paris, France, while on a Atlanta Art Association trip. Including crew and other passengers, 130 people were killed in what was, at the time, the worst single plane aviation disaster in history. Members of Atlanta's prominent families were lost including members of the Berry family who founded Berry College. During their visit to Paris, the Atlanta arts patrons had seen Whistler's Mother at the Louvre. In the fall of 1962, the Louvre, as a gesture of good will to the people of Atlanta, sent Whistler's Mother to Atlanta to be exhibited at the Atlanta Art Association museum on Peachtree Street. To honor those killed in the 1962 crash, the Atlanta Memorial Arts Center was built for the High Museum. The French government donated a Rodin sculpture, “The Shade,” to the High Museum in memory of the victims of the crash.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCarroll MacDonald Young Cargile (1934- ).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Welfare Fund was one of the preceding organizations of the current Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta.  Its function was to fundraise for the Jewish community centrally and disperse it throughout the Jewish community (locally, nationally and internationally) rather than each Jewish institution trying to raise money individually.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Mayfair Club opened in 1938 at 1456 Spring Street in Midtown Atlanta. The two-story club was a focal point of Jewish life in the city for more than 25 years. The club was founded in 1930 and first met at the Biltmore Hotel. Eleanor Roosevelt, Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir, mayors Ivan Allen and William Berry Hartsfield, senators Herman Talmadge and Richard Russell, and Governor Carl Sanders visited the club. Fire destroyed the Mayfair Club on December 4, 1964.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe name of the Atlanta Hebrew Orphans’ Home was changed to Jewish Children’s Service in 1946.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Red Cross (ARC) is a humanitarian organization that provides emergency assistance, disaster relief and education in the United States. It is the designated United States affiliate of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. The ARC was founded in 1881 by Clara Barton.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=5100.0,5130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBoy Scouts of America is a youth organization in the United States.  It was founded in 1910 to train youth in responsible citizenship, character development, and self-reliance through participation in a wide range of outdoor activities, educational programs and at older age levels, career-oriented programs in partnership with community organizations.  They wear a uniform and earn merit badges for achievements in sports, crafts, science, etc.  The boys start as a Cub Scout until age 11 and can move up to be an Eagle Scout. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=5370.0,5400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eStephen William Garber (1946- ) is an Atlanta psychologist who founded the Behavioral Institute of Atlanta. He is a graduate of University of Pennsylvania and Georgia State University, where he was awarded a PhD in psychology. He has been president of the Jewish Educational Loan Fund (JELF).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=5430.0,5460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMarianne Daniels Garber (1948- ) is an educational consultant at the Behavioral Institute of Atlanta who specializes in the assessment of learning disorders and ADHD in children and adolescents, and on parenting issues She is a graduate of Washington University in St. Louis and was awarded a doctoral degree in reading and psycholinguistics from Georgia State University. She has been president of the board of the Jewish Educational Loan Fund (JELF) of Atlanta, on the Selection Committee and Education Task Force of the Atlanta Jewish Film Festival, on the Board of Trustees of Ahavath Achim Synagogue’s Ahava Preschool, and Chair of the Tower of Talent for Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=5430.0,5460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBar mitzvah is Hebrew for ‘son of commandment.’  A rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day.  At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes.  He is now duty bound to keep the commandments, he puts on tefillin, and may be counted to the minyan quorum for public worship.  He celebrates the bar mitzvah by being called up to the reading of the Torah in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=5430.0,5460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKibbutz means ‘gathering’ or ‘clustering’ in Hebrew. It is a collective community in Israel traditionally based on agriculture. They began as utopian communities that combined socialism and Zionism.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=5520.0,5550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Six-Day War was fought between June 5 and 10, 1967 by Israel and the neighboring states of Egypt (known at the time as the United Arab Republic), Jordan, and Syria. Relations between Israel and its neighbors had never fully normalized following the 1948 War of Independence and in the period leading up to June 1967 tensions became heightened. As a result, Israel launched a series of preemptive airstrikes against Egyptian airfields on June 5 following the mobilization of Egyptian forces along the Israeli border in the Sinai Peninsula. The outcome was swift and decisive. Israel took control of the Gaza Strip and the Sinai Peninsula from Egypt, the West Bank and East Jerusalem from Jordan, and the Golan Heights from Syria. The Sinai was returned but the other territories were incorporated into Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=5520.0,5550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKosher/Kashrut is the set of Jewish dietary laws. Food that may be consumed according to halakhah (Jewish law) is termed ‘kosher’ in English. Kosher refers to Jewish laws that dictate how food is prepared or served and which kinds of foods or animals can be eaten. Food that is not in accordance with Jewish law is called ‘treif.’ The word ‘kosher’ has become English vernacular, a colloquialism meaning proper, legitimate, genuine, fair, or acceptable. Kosher can also be used to describe ritual objects that are made in accordance with Jewish law and are fit for ritual use.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=5550.0,5580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLifeline for the Old in Jerusalem (also known as Yad LaKashish) is an organization that was founded in 1962 to provide paid work and support services for needy elderly in Jerusalem, many of whom are immigrants from the Former Soviet Union, Ethiopia and South America.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=5610.0,5640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Epstein School (also known as the Solomon Shechter School of Atlanta) is a private Jewish day school in the Atlanta area located in of Sandy Springs. In 1973, Rabbi Harry H. Epstein and the leaders of Ahavath Achim synagogue wanted to create a Conservative Jewish day school. The first campus was housed at the synagogue. In 1987 the school moved to Sandy Springs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=5730.0,5760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Jewish Federation was formally incorporated in 1967 and is the result of the merger of the Atlanta Federation for Jewish Social Service founded in 1905 as the Federation of Jewish Charities; the Atlanta Jewish Welfare Federation founded in 1936 as the Atlanta Jewish Welfare Fund; and the Atlanta Jewish Community Council founded in 1945. The organization was renamed the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta in 1997.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=5760.0,5790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYitzhak Shamir (1915-2012) served as the Prime Minister of Israel from 1983-1984 and again from 1986-1992.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=5790.0,5820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeraldine Cohen Garber (1912-1996) was a buyer for Rich’s.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=5850.0,5880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRich's was a department store retail chain, headquartered in Atlanta that operated in the southern United States from 1867 until 2005. The retailer began in Atlanta as M. Rich \u0026amp; Co. dry goods store and was run by Mauritius Reich (anglicized to ‘Morris Rich’), a Hungarian Jewish immigrant. It was renamed M. Rich \u0026amp; Bro. in 1877, when his brother Emanuel was admitted into the partnership, and was again renamed M. Rich \u0026amp; Bros. in 1884 when the third brother Daniel joined the partnership. In 1929, the company was reorganized and the retail portion of the business became simply, Rich's. Many of the former Rich's stores today form the core of Macy's Central, an Atlanta-based division of Macy's, Inc., which formerly operated as Federated Department Stores, Inc.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=5940.0,5970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCertified Public Accountant.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=5940.0,5970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCommercial High School in Atlanta, Georgia began as a department of Girls’ High School in 1889 for girls who wanted to learn business skills. They taught bookkeeping, typing, math and history. It expanded to a four-story brick building on Pryor Street, and in 1910 became Atlanta’s first coed high school. It closed in June 1947.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=6390.0,6420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTouche Ross \u0026amp; Co. was acquired in 1989 by Deloitte Haskins \u0026amp; Sells to form Deloitte \u0026amp; Touche LLP, an accounting firm.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=6690.0,6720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/annotation_set/408/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Big 8 refers to the 1970’s and 1980’s when there were eight large multinational accounting firms: Arthur Andersen, Coopers and Lybrand, Deloitte Haskins and Sells, Ernst and Whinney, Peat Marwick Mitchell, Price Waterhouse, Touche Ross, and Arthur Young.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=6780.0,6810.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/index/47222","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Garber, Alfred [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/index/47222/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Early Childhood","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=15.0,284.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/index/47222/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My early childhood was a little bit on the rough side. I was born to Russian and Polish immigrants who came over in the 1880's or 1890's and settled in Atlanta in about 1906 or 1907. I was born in 1910.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=15.0,284.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/index/47222/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B'nai B'rith District","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hebrew Orphan's Home","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tuberculosis","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=15.0,284.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/index/47222/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Going to College","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=284.0,1043.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/index/47222/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I remained in the Orphans' Home with my two sisters until 1928 when I graduated from high school  and was fortunate enough to be able to go to college. Very few of the children in the Home had that opportunity.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=284.0,1043.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/index/47222/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hal Hirsch Scholarship","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Harold Hirsch","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hebrew Orphan's Home","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Summer School","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"University of Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=284.0,1043.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/index/47222/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Hebrew Orphan's Home","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=1043.0,2701.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/index/47222/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Can we go back a little bit about the Home?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=1043.0,2701.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/index/47222/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"AA Congregation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Boys' High School","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Girls' High School","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hebrew Orphan's Home","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rabbi David Marx","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Temple","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Washington Street","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=1043.0,2701.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/index/47222/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"President of the Orphan's House and the Reunion","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=2701.0,3430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/index/47222/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was about to tell you, in 1969 I was president of the Orphans' Home. I got the bright idea that I would like to invite back. Every once a year we have an annual meeting. I asked the board to go along and approve inviting back all of the former wards of the Home that we could find.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=2701.0,3430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/index/47222/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"City of Hope","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hebrew Orphan's House","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Progressive 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like?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=3430.0,3605.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/index/47222/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anti-Semitism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Boy's High School","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"College","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tech High School","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"University of Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=3430.0,3605.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/index/47222/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anti-Semitism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=3605.0,3901.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/index/47222/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When you were going to school, did you experience any antisemitism?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=3605.0,3901.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/index/47222/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anti-Semitism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Capitol City Club","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sea Island, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Standard Club","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Cloister Hotel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=3605.0,3901.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/index/47222/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The War Years","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=3901.0,3993.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/index/47222/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What was it like, I'm kind of going off track but what was it like when all the . . . World War II, when so many people integrated here?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=3901.0,3993.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/index/47222/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Immigration","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Temple","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=3901.0,3993.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/index/47222/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Starting a Business","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=3993.0,4967.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/index/47222/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How did you decide to start your own business?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807#t=3993.0,4967.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29870/file/97807/index/47222/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Accounting","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Business Boards","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Harvey H. 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The original one was the Standard Club. That was the elite club that was originally membered by the German Jewish people who came over here. 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