{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/zk55d8q491/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Cohen, Bernard"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1995-01-09 (captured)","1995-01-19 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Audio"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eBernard Cohen was interviewed by Marvin Weintraub on January 9, 1995 and January 19, 1995 in Atlanta, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eBernard Wesley Cohen (1915-1997) was born in Pocomoke City, Maryland a few years before his Russian and Polish immigrant family moved to Atlanta. He grew up on Pryor and Washington Streets, in the heart of the Jewish community. He had three siblings: Gerald Cohen, Betty Goldstein, and Harriet Gilmer. He attended Crew Street School, Georgia Avenue School, Hoke Smith Junior High, and Boys High School. He had to quit high school during the Great Depression so that he could work. He returned and graduated a few years later. He attended night school at Georgia Tech while working. He recalls working in a Georgia Tech office and that his tuition was subsidized for the Works Progress Administration (WPA). \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eDuring World War II, Bernard served stateside in the Unites States Navy. He was in the scrap metal, hides, and rags business with his father, Morris, and his brother, Gerald. He was married to Rae Alice Bernstein Cohen (1918-1997), a native of Chicago, Illinois. She was president of the southern branch of the Women’s League for Conservative Judaism and its national vice-president. Bernard passed away in 1997. \u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eBernard begins by recalling his childhood in Atlanta. He remembers living on Washington Street and on Pryor Street above Silverman’s Drug Store. He discusses further moves back to Washington Street and to 6th Street. He describes his experiences at Crew Street School, Georgia Avenue School, Hoke Smith Junior High, and Boys High School. He also talks about the make-up of the Jewish community in that period and the most important Jewish community hubs. Bernard reminisces about his time at the Ahavath Achim Hebrew School and his religious education. Then he discusses getting his degree at Georgia Tech with the help of the Works Progress Administration (WPA).\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e            Then, Bernard speaks about his brief time in the Navy during World War II and how he met and married his wife, Rae Alice Cohen. He describes in detail the family scrap metal, hides, and rag business, and how his father began it. He speaks fondly of his mother and the Cohen household growing up. Bernard recalls how non-Jewish and Jewish children would get into fights in his childhood neighborhood. He then talks about why he and Rae Alice Cohen moved to the north side of town. He also lists the important Jewish organizations that operated when he was a young adult. He describes a bit of his family history, and how his parents came from Russia and Poland. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e            Bernard also details how Atlanta has grown exponentially in his time living there and paints a picture of his neighborhood. He also describes his religious life and association with many rabbis of the community. He ends the interview by discussing how Judaism has impacted his life. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e            In the start of the second interview, Bernard describes his in laws. Then he describes his family, including his siblings and children. He then describes his business in general, especially the scrap and waste management portions of the business. He briefly discusses his political opinions toward the end of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/29277"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["African Americans (topical term)","Agriculture (topical term)","Ahavath Achim Synagogue (Atlanta, Ga.) (corporate name)","Alabama (geographic term)","Aleph Zadik Aleph (corporate name)","Allen Sr., Bonaparte “Bona” (1846-1925) (personal name)","Alpharetta (Ga.) (geographic term)","Alterman, Abe (personal name)","Alterman, Sam (personal name)","American Jewish Committee (corporate name)","Anniston (Ala.) (geographic term)","Antisemitism (topical term)","Atlanta (Ga.) (geographic term)","Auerbach, David Hillel (1938-2016) (personal name)","Augusta (Ga.) (geographic term)","Automobiles. (topical term)","Bankruptcy. (topical term)","Bar mitzvah (topical term)","Barnett, Saul (personal name)","Baseball. (topical term)","Basketball. (topical term)","Boston (Ma.) (geographic term)","California (geographic term)","Buford (Ga.) (geographic term)","Butcher shops (topical term)","Callanwolde (Cultural center : Atlanta, Ga.) (corporate name)","Check fraud (topical term)","Chemistry. (topical term)","Chicago (Ill.) (geographic term)","Childhood (topical term)","Citizens \u0026amp; Southern Holding Company (corporate name)","Clubs (topical term)","Cohen, Alan (personal name)","Cohen, Bernard “Buster” (personal name)","Cohen, Bernard, (1915-1997) (personal name)","Cohen, Dale (personal name)","Cohen, Gerald (1918-2009) (personal name)","Cohen, Guilford (personal name)","Cohen, Mark (personal name)","Cohen, Perry (personal name)","Cohen, Terry (personal name)","Cohen, Rae Alice (1918-1997) (personal name)","Conley (Ga.) (geographic term)","Conservative Judaism (topical term)","Conyers (Ga.) (geographic term)","Dance (topical term)","Dating (topical term)","Democratic Party (Ga.) (corporate name)","Dentistry. (topical term)","Dentists. (topical term)","Education (topical term)","Education, Elementary. (topical term)","Emory University (corporate name)","Epstein, Harry (personal name)","Football. (topical term)","Fox, Leonard (personal name)","Furniture industry and trade. (topical term)","Georgia (geographic term)","Georgia Tech Research Institute (corporate name)","Gold, Raphael (1927-2013) (personal name)","Goldstein, Betty Cohen, (1929-2015) (personal name)","Goldstein, Leon (personal name)","Goodman, Arnold (personal name)","Great Depression (named event)","Great Lakes Naval Training Center (Great Lakes, Ill.) (corporate name)","Hebrew language (topical term)","Hides and skins. (topical term)","High School (topical term)","Hillman, Arthur (personal name)","Hillman, Ralph (personal name)","Hirmes, Abraham P. (1887-1946) (personal name)","Houston (Tex.) (geographic term)","Huizenga Sr., Harry Wayne (1937-2018) (personal name)","Illinois (geographic term)","Immigrants--United States. (topical term)","Institutions (topical term)","Israel (topical term)","Japanese Americans. (topical term)","Jewish children (topical term)","Jewish college students (topical term)","Jewish community centers (topical term)","Jewish congregations (topical term)","Jewish day schools (topical term)","Jewish families (topical term)","Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta (corporate name)","Jewish leadership (topical term)","Jewish learning and scholarship (topical term)","Jewish men (topical term)","Jewish preaching (topical term)","Jewish religious education of young people (topical term)","Jewish sects (topical term)","Jewish socialists. (topical term)","Jewish women (topical term)","Jews, American (topical term)","Jews, German (topical term)","Jews, Polish (topical term)","Jews, Russian (topical term)","Jews--Dietary Laws (topical term)","Jews—United States (topical term)","Judaism—Study and teaching (topical term)","Junior high school boys (topical term)","Kogon, Martin “Marty” (personal name)","Kosher Food (topical term)","Kuniansky, Max (personal name)","LaGrange (Ga.) (geographic term)","Lane Jr., Mills Bee (1912-1989) (personal name)","Levitan, Joe (personal name)","Lifchez, Zack (personal name)","Macon (Ga.) (geographic term)","Mandlebaum, Rosalee (personal name)","Marietta (Ga.) (geographic term)","Marriage (topical term)","Maryland (geographic term)","Massachusetts (geographic term)","Melnick, William (personal name)","Metallurgy. (topical term)","Miami Dolphins (Football team) (corporate name)","Miller, Harriet Cohen (personal name)","Morris Plan Corporation of America. (corporate name)","Napier, Frenchman (personal name)","National Council of Jewish Women (corporate name)","New Deal, 1933-1939. (named event)","New Jersey (geographic term)","New York (geographic term)","New York (N.Y.) (geographic term)","Norcross (Ga.) (geographic term)","Northwestern University (Evanston, Ill.) (corporate name)","Or VeShalom Synagogue (Atlanta, Ga.) (corporate name)","Parks, Sidney (personal name)","Passover. (topical term)","Pharmacists. (topical term)","Pocomoke City (Md.) (geographic term)","Poland (geographic term)","Public schools (topical term)","Rabbis (topical term)","Race (topical term)","Reform Judaism (topical term)","Religious education (topical term)","Republican Party (Ga.) (topical term)","Retail trade (topical term)","Retail trade — Employees (topical term)","Richardson, Marvin (1952-2016) (personal name)","Rockmart (Ga.) (geographic term)","Rodbell, Leonard (personal name)","Roosevelt University (corporate name)","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945. (personal name)","Rubin, Elliott (personal name)","Russia (geographic term)","Savannah (Ga.) (geographic term)","Schools (topical term)","Scrap metal industry (topical term)","Segregation (topical term)","Shearith Israel Congregation (Atlanta, Ga.) (corporate name)","Smith, Levitky (personal name)","South Carolina (geographic term)","Steel. (topical term)","Stein, Albert (personal name)","Temple (Atlanta, Ga.) (corporate name)","Universities and colleges (topical term)","University of Georgia (corporate name)","Washington (D.C.) (geographic term)","Waste Management Inc. (corporate name)","Weiss, Stephen (1971-) (personal name)","World War I (named event)","World War II (named event)","Yiddish Language (topical term)","Yiddishkeit (topical term)","Young Judaea, Inc. (corporate name)","Youth (topical term)","Zionism. (topical term)","Zionist Organization of America (corporate name)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eBernard Cohen was interviewed by Marvin Weintraub on January 9, 1995 and January 19, 1995 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBernard Wesley Cohen (1915-1997) was born in Pocomoke City, Maryland a few years before his Russian and Polish immigrant family moved to Atlanta. He grew up on Pryor and Washington Streets, in the heart of the Jewish community. He had three siblings: Gerald Cohen, Betty Goldstein, and Harriet Gilmer. He attended Crew Street School, Georgia Avenue School, Hoke Smith Junior High, and Boys High School. He had to quit high school during the Great Depression so that he could work. He returned and graduated a few years later. He attended night school at Georgia Tech while working. He recalls working in a Georgia Tech office and that his tuition was subsidized for the Works Progress Administration (WPA).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eDuring World War II, Bernard served stateside in the Unites States Navy. He was in the scrap metal, hides, and rags business with his father, Morris, and his brother, Gerald. He was married to Rae Alice Bernstein Cohen (1918-1997), a native of Chicago, Illinois. She was president of the southern branch of the Women\u0026rsquo;s League for Conservative Judaism and its national vice-president. Bernard passed away in 1997.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBernard begins by recalling his childhood in Atlanta. He remembers living on Washington Street and on Pryor Street above Silverman\u0026rsquo;s Drug Store. He discusses further moves back to Washington Street and to 6th Street. He describes his experiences at Crew Street School, Georgia Avenue School, Hoke Smith Junior High, and Boys High School. He also talks about the make-up of the Jewish community in that period and the most important Jewish community hubs. Bernard reminisces about his time at the Ahavath Achim Hebrew School and his religious education. Then he discusses getting his degree at Georgia Tech with the help of the Works Progress Administration (WPA).\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Then, Bernard speaks about his brief time in the Navy during World War II and how he met and married his wife, Rae Alice Cohen. He describes in detail the family scrap metal, hides, and rag business, and how his father began it. He speaks fondly of his mother and the Cohen household growing up. Bernard recalls how non-Jewish and Jewish children would get into fights in his childhood neighborhood. He then talks about why he and Rae Alice Cohen moved to the north side of town. He also lists the important Jewish organizations that operated when he was a young adult. He describes a bit of his family history, and how his parents came from Russia and Poland.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Bernard also details how Atlanta has grown exponentially in his time living there and paints a picture of his neighborhood. He also describes his religious life and association with many rabbis of the community. He ends the interview by discussing how Judaism has impacted his life.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; In the start of the second interview, Bernard describes his in laws. Then he describes his family, including his siblings and children. He then describes his business in general, especially the scrap and waste management portions of the business. He briefly discusses his political opinions toward the end of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Cohen_Bernard.mp3"]},"duration":7877.38122,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/221/971/original/Cohen_Bernard.mp3?1703720585","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":7877.38122,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Cohen, Bernard [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[start of tape 1, side 1]\n\nWEINTRAUB: --Bernard Cohen on January 9th, 1995, for the Jewish Oral History\nProject of Atlanta co-sponsored by the American Jewish Committee, Atlanta Jewish\nFederation, and the National Council of Jewish Women. The interview is taking\nplace at Mr. [Bernard] Cohen's home and this is tape one, side one. Good\nevening, Mr. [Bernard] Cohen. Nice to be here.\n\nB.COHEN: Howdy.\n\nWEINTRAUB: As we were just talking a moment ago, the purpose of this is to get\nyour background on tape so others can use it for historic purposes. To begin\nwith, let's first talk ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about where you were born. Can you, for the record?\n\nB.COHEN: I was born in Pocomoke City, Maryland, and at the very tender age of\nsix months, I arrived in Atlanta [Georgia, United States] with my parents. Been\nin Atlanta ever since.\n\nWEINTRAUB: How many years is that?\n\nB.COHEN: It's 79 and a half.\n\nWEINTRAUB: 79 and a half years. You see a few changes in 79 and a half years, I bet?\n\nB.COHEN: Quite a few changes. The city has grown terrifically. The method of\nliving, the whole ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"city-- The whole thing has changed considerably because when I\nwas growing up it was during the early-- during the 1920s. From 1915 to 1930, I\nwas just a young fellow and then the Depression came before I could even\ncomplete high school. As a matter of fact, I had to quit high school.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Let's start-- Do you remember the first house you were in in Atlanta?\n\nB.COHEN: Yes, I remember the first house, but very vaguely. I remember it more\nbecause we came back later and looked at it and pointed out to me rather ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than\nreally visualizing how it was, how we lived there. We lived on Washington Street\nwhen we first moved to Atlanta, and it was-- If you were at the stadium now, the\nfootball stadium, you would be directly across the street from the Washington\nStreet exit. In other words, it was--we were within--Georgia Avenue. We were\nwithin one house of Georgia Avenue.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Uh-huh.\n\nB.COHEN: And Washington ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Street.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Right.\n\nB.COHEN: There's where my parents and I first lived. We moved shortly\nthereafter, before I really realized where it was or what it was. I don't\nremember too much about it except by going back later and it was pointed out to\nme. Then we moved to Washington Street. We stayed on Washington Street--\n\nWEINTRAUB: You moved once-- You moved from Washington Street to another address on--\n\nB.COHEN: Another address on Washington closer to town, about four blocks--\n\nWEINTRAUB: Okay.\n\nB.COHEN: --from where ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we originally lived.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Uh-huh.\n\nB.COHEN: And we lived there for several years and moved to Pryor Street, right\nnear the corner of Richardson Street, right above a drug store, Silverman's Drug\nStore. There's some apartments above.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Excuse me, what do you remember about Silverman's Drug Store?\n\nB.COHEN: I remember it was a very small little drug store, and you could buy-- A\nsmall little counter, not much, for drinks and stuff, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and candy and stuff, and a\nfew prescription drugs-- Over-the-counter drugs.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Right.\n\nB.COHEN: But it was a very small store.\n\nWEINTRAUB: He was not a pharmacist?\n\nB.COHEN: I don't really recall. I presume he was, but that's a presumption, not\na fact.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Let's continue then. From there, where did you move to?\n\nB.COHEN: That was Richardson Street. Then we moved back to Washington Street,\nonly near right--an apartment house, right--almost at the corner of Washington\nand Fulton. We lived there for several years.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Okay.\n\nB.COHEN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Don't ask me what years they were because I wouldn't be able to tell\nyou. That was-- Then the Depression really hit the whole United States, in\nparticular, the city of Atlanta, and we moved next door to above the Parks,\nSidney Parks's family. They had an apartment upstairs. The reason we moved was\nbecause the rent was cheaper. And then the last move while I was still in the\nfamily, so to speak, before I left the house, we moved to 6th Street in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1937.\n\nWEINTRAUB: That's way out of town at that point.\n\nB.COHEN: Not really. It was in the north side compared to the south side, and\nit-- It was within three blocks of Boys High School--\n\nWEINTRAUB: Uh-huh.\n\nB.COHEN: --the Parkway Drive.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Right.\n\nB.COHEN: It was real-- Near the corner of Parkway Drive and 6th Street. It\nwasn't on the corner. But it wasn't really-- It was an old neighborhood, even at\nthat time. [Of] course, the house that we ended up in was a little bungalow that\nhad been secondhand-- It wasn't secondhand-- The house we bought during the\nDepression-- If I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tell you how cheap it was you wouldn't believe-- And--\n\nWEINTRAUB: Tell me, how cheap was it?\n\nB.COHEN: That was twenty--thirty-seven hundred dollars.\n\nR.A.COHEN: Thirty-seven fifty.\n\nB.COHEN: We-- Dad and I were in business then together when we bought it. We\nthought that was the cat's meow if we owned our home. That's the first time.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Let's talk about the family members. How many brothers and sisters?\n\nB.COHEN: I have one brother and two sisters.\n\nWEINTRAUB: What are their names?\n\nB.COHEN: Pardon?\n\nWEINTRAUB: What are their names, please?\n\nB.COHEN: Gerald [Cohen], my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"brother; Betty Goldstein now; Harriet Gilmer.\n\nWEINTRAUB: They all live in Atlanta?\n\nB.COHEN: All live in Atlanta, always did.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Let's talk about, for a moment then, your recollection of moving\nfrom-- Washington Street, as I recall, was a primarily Jewish neighborhood?\n\nB.COHEN: Oh, yes. Washington Street was a Jewish neighborhood, and we moved to\nPryor Street and it was a still a Jewish neighborhood. When we moved away\nfinally onto the north side, it was not necessarily a Jewish neighborhood, but\nthere were plenty of Jewish neighbors. We weren't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"away from our brethren. Of\ncourse, my family, especially mother and dad, they wanted to be close to Jewish people.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Uh-huh. 6th Street at that time would be a mixed Jewish, Gentile neighborhood?\n\nB.COHEN: Mixed Jewish and Gentile, and I would say on the particular block that\nwe were on, it was mostly Jewish. But then you could go a block and a half away,\nthere were no Jews on that particular block. It was mixed.\n\nWEINTRAUB: How old were you at this time, 1937?\n\nB.COHEN: Let's see. If you divide--or subtract 1915 from it and it's easy to\ncome by so it's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what, 22?\n\nWEINTRAUB: 22?\n\nB.COHEN: Uh-huh.\n\nWEINTRAUB: All right. Let's then look at the 22 years you lived in Atlanta. What\nwas the first school that you attended?\n\nB.COHEN: The first school was Crew Street, Crew Street School.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Tell me about Crew Street School.\n\nB.COHEN: It was a school with about three--about three and a half blocks from\nthe house, and it was a mixed school. Mixed by Jews and non-Jews. There were no\nblacks at that time. It was segregated. The schools--all the schools were\nsegregated at that time. It was a good school. We-- It was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well-disciplined\nschool there, and it was built well, handled very well by the teachers. We\ndidn't have any discipline problems at all. The Jewish boys got along real well\nwith the non-Jews because we weren't-- We were still in a minority but not a\ntremendous minority. No, there was lots of us around.\n\nWEINTRAUB: How many years did you attend Crew Street School?\n\nB.COHEN: Until the fifth--the first four grades. The firth grade, we--I had to\ntransfer to Georgia Avenue. That was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"forced transfer. It wasn't because of the\nmove. Later we moved where we were close to the school, but at the time the\nschools were getting a little crowded and they just posted--just transferred\nsome of us to Georgia Avenue.\n\nWEINTRAUB: You stayed there for how many years?\n\nB.COHEN: Stayed at Georgia Avenue fifth and sixth grades, and then we moved to\njunior high school.\n\nWEINTRAUB: What junior high school?\n\nB.COHEN: Hoke Smith.\n\nWEINTRAUB: We got Hoke Smith in the 1930s.\n\nB.COHEN: Pardon?\n\nWEINTRAUB: Tell me about Hoke Smith High School, Junior High.\n\nB.COHEN: The senior?\n\nWEINTRAUB: Junior high.\n\nB.COHEN: It was during the beginning of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Depression already and it was-- We\nhad a small Jewish population there at the school, but a very active Jewish\npopulation. We got by real well. We handled ourselves pretty well with the goyim\nbecause there was a little animosity there, but we had enough numbers and enough\nguys that were tough that we didn't really have any problems. The school was a\ngood school. Hoke Smith was a real good school and I think it gave us a good\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"education. It was a well-disciplined school, too. We didn't have any trouble\nwith school, no riots and no carrying on at school like that. A good education.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Any Jewish teachers in either of these schools?\n\nB.COHEN: I never remember one.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Never remember?\n\nB.COHEN: Uh-huh.\n\nWEINTRAUB: From Hoke Smith Junior High, where did you go?\n\nB.COHEN: From Hoke Smith Junior High, went to Boys High.\n\nWEINTRAUB: What years were you at Boys High School?\n\nB.COHEN: A great number of people have asked me. 1931 probably. But I had to\nquit school. I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thirteen, so probably--add thirteen so--1928, so it was 1928\nthen. I had to quit school after my first year because of the Depression and go\nto work. Later went back and finished up and got my-- Finished school, finished\nhigh school, at Boys High. But that was in 19--1929, about that time. I went\nback after a couple of years and graduated in 1933 from Boys High School. Yes.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Out of curiosity, are you a member of the alumni ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"association of Boys High?\n\nB.COHEN: Yes.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Let's rapidly move this tape forward. What do you think is the\nassociation of Boys High Alumni Association to the city today?\n\nB.COHEN: What do I think of it?\n\nWEINTRAUB: Uh-huh.\n\nB.COHEN: Very inactive. I go just because I ought to go, and we meet and talk.\nWe kid. That's the fellows I know anyway but--see in synagogue and like that.\nBut it has no influence on me whatsoever.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Any influence on the city with their-- I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know they have a scholarship\nfund, as an example?\n\nB.COHEN: I don't know. If it does, I'm not aware of it. I'm not really aware of\nit. If it has any impact whatsoever, minimum.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Let's return then to the days of Boys High School. How many Jewish\nstudents do you think in that--people in Boys High?\n\nB.COHEN: It was a bunch.\n\nWEINTRAUB: A bunch?\n\nB.COHEN: It was a bunch. It was not a majority. It was still mostly non-Jews,\nbut we had quite a few Jewish boys there. I don't--can't really recall any\npercentages, but if you wanted me to take a wild ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"guess, I would say maybe\none-fourth of the classes that I were in was maybe--close to one-fourth was Jewish.\n\nWEINTRAUB: How large do you think the entire student body was at that time?\n\nB.COHEN: Gee, I don't know. It was two high schools--three high schools that\nboys could attend to in Atlanta: Tech, Boys High, Commercial. Commercial had\nboth boys and girls. I don't know, several thousand, I'm sure, but I don't have\nany idea.\n\nWEINTRAUB: But how large was your graduating class in 1933?\n\nB.COHEN: How large was it? Gosh! Want a guess?\n\nWEINTRAUB: Yes. Best guess.\n\nB.COHEN: 40 or 50, I guess.\n\nWEINTRAUB: That gives us some idea as ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to--\n\nB.COHEN: That's strictly a guess.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Yes. But most of them started with you and continued?\n\nB.COHEN: School?\n\nWEINTRAUB: Yes.\n\nB.COHEN: No, because as I said, I--\n\nWEINTRAUB: You dropped out.\n\nB.COHEN: I dropped out and came back. I joined-- I knew lots of them because of\nthe neighborhood boys.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Uh-huh.\n\nB.COHEN: But as far as going to school with them, I really didn't go with many\nof them through school--\n\nWEINTRAUB: Uh-huh.\n\nB.COHEN: --because I had that gap in there where I was-- I had quit school altogether.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Uh-huh. You say they're neighborhood boys. Weren't many of them also\nfrom, say, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"walking-- You were living out where when you went to Boys High School?\n\nB.COHEN: We were living on Washington Street. Caught the trolley.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Most of them--most of the Jewish boys were coming from the Washington\nStreet area?\n\nB.COHEN: Oh, yes. Yes, I would say that the majority of them were, same\nneighborhood that I was from. At that time, they--except for the German Jewish\nfamilies--I would say the vast majority of the Jews lived on south side.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Let's look at that. You just ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"discriminated between the German Jewish\ncommunity here in Atlanta and whatever other Jewish community--\n\nB.COHEN: I--\n\nWEINTRAUB: --was there.\n\nB.COHEN: I didn't mean to divide it one on one because-- But it was primarily--\nThe reason I said it that way was because The Temple was on the north side and\nthen I presumed that they moved on the north side to be closer to the Temple.\nThat's a guess.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Uh-huh.\n\nB.COHEN: Very few of the people that I knew and were familiar with lived\nexcept--lived on the north ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"side, I say, primarily because the synagogue--both\nsynagogues were on Washington Street and another one was on Capitol Avenue, a\nsmall one. There was all the Jews, the majority of Jews--I won't say all of\nthem--wanted to be close to the synagogue.\n\nWEINTRAUB: You feel as if most of the German Jews were further north near where\nThe Temple is?\n\nB.COHEN: Yeah, I would-- Oh, I'd say yes. That's a guess rather than knowledge\nbut yes, I would think it's-- I'm pretty sure. It's a pretty safe assumption.\n\nWEINTRAUB: What was the relationship between the German Jews of your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"age-- That\nis, the boys, and the Jewish community on Washington Street--\n\nB.COHEN: You know--\n\nWEINTRAUB: --which were not German Jews?\n\nB.COHEN: We weren't enemies, but we weren't friends either. We didn't have too\nmuch contact.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Uh-huh.\n\nB.COHEN: That was the main problem. We would hang around the Alliance and they\nwould hang around there. That was the one place where we would come in contact\nwith them on occasion. But ordinarily, we didn't see them. If we saw them, it\nwas in school. But how do you see somebody in school if you didn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pal around\nwith them after school? You knew them, but that was it. You really wasn't\nfriends with them.\n\nWEINTRAUB: There really was a split in the age group then at that point?\n\nB.COHEN: Oh, yes.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Young adults had a German-Jewish community and a Polish-Russian community?\n\nB.COHEN: There was a certain amount of joining together, but that was primarily true.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Tell me about the Alliance.\n\nB.COHEN: That was a gathering place for the young Jews around, particularly, my\nage. They had a little court there where you had a little basketball, and the\nclubs met ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there. Every Saturday night, they had the dance. And you didn't have\nto know how to dance. The girls taught you how to dance. And everybody came\nthere. You didn't have to-- If you brought a date. If you didn't bring a date,\nyou danced with everybody. You broke. It was a great-- It was a gathering\ntogether and all. It was all young people.\n\nWEINTRAUB: What--\n\nB.COHEN: It was a good time.\n\nWEINTRAUB: What type of clubs were there?\n\nB.COHEN: Jewish clubs: Young Judaea, and then there's-- Later on, they started\nwith the AZA [Aleph Zadik Aleph]. Right first, it was only Young Judaea clubs\nthere. Then the AZA became ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stronger and then they really predominated towards my\nlater years going to that. I never belonged to AZA.\n\nWEINTRAUB: But you went to the Alliance for the dances?\n\nB.COHEN: For the dances or for--to participate in the athletics or just to\npick-up type stuff, that--informally, not as a team. Just to kibitz [Yiddish: to\nspeak informally, chat]. Just to kibitz. Get a date and go to the dance.\n\nWEINTRAUB: How did the pick up work as far as playing ball? You said you just\nsort of picked up a game?\n\nB.COHEN: Yes. At the Alliance, you'd pick ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up there and they'd play a little\npick-up basketball. Then when we went to Hebrew School, which was on Washington\nStreet. Right across there from the Hebrew School was an empty lot, and there\nwe'd play football and baseball, whatever was in season. As a matter of fact,\nnobody had any problem going to Hebrew School because that was time we could get\nbefore school. You got to participate in a ball game of some kind or another.\n\nWEINTRAUB: How about the dances? You say every Saturday night there was a dance?\n\nB.COHEN: Not every, but ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"quite a few Saturdays.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Have a band or did they just use a radio?\n\nB.COHEN: Yes, they had a band. Picked up a band.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Friends of yours in the band or did they pay them?\n\nB.COHEN: No, I don't recall that. They were all--seemed to me like they were\nolder people in the band, older than I. But they would always have some type of\nlittle band there. I'm trying to remember if it was-- I don't remember ever\nhaving just records of any kind. It could have been. I didn't really--but I do\nremember that it was always well-attended, always orderly. Don't remember any\nfights or any laughs or going on like that. Everybody had a good time. Didn't\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cost any money.\n\nWEINTRAUB: That made it help. [memoirist laughs] There were no-- How--then how\ndid the Alliance function? There were no dues?\n\nB.COHEN: I never paid any.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Structure?\n\nB.COHEN: I didn't pay any dues. I don't know if my parents did or did not at\nthat time. They probably did. I never paid any dues.\n\nWEINTRAUB: I would assume there would be some type of dues structure.\n\nB.COHEN: No, I don't think there was. If there was-- I know I don't remember\nformally paying any-- Oh, later on, well, you belonged to the Alliance, you\nbelonged to everything, because of your participation as ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a--in the whole\ncommunity. But as far as when I was a youngster growing up--\n\nWEINTRAUB: Not even the dance?\n\nB.COHEN: I don't even-- I don't think there was any. If there was any admission,\nI don't recall it.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Because today, you do any of that stuff, they're going to want you to\nhave an admission. I was just curious.\n\nB.COHEN: It wasn't no place up there on the top of the line. It was just part of\nthe activities, that's all.\n\nWEINTRAUB: You mentioned Hebrew School. Which-- Did your parents belong to a congregation?\n\nB.COHEN: We belonged to A.A. [Ahavath Achim Synagogue], yes. Always belonged to A.A.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Where was it located at this time?\n\nB.COHEN: On Washington Street, right at the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"corner of Woodward Avenue. That's\nwhere we had the Hebrew School, cheder, cheder. When I went to Hebrew School,\nthat's where I learned-- All I know about Hebrew, I learned right there at that school.\n\nWEINTRAUB: How many years did you attend?\n\nB.COHEN: As many years as my mother made me go. [memoirist laughs]\n\nWEINTRAUB: [interviewer laughs] Two, three, five?\n\nB.COHEN: Oh, more than that. I was started, I guess, as a little-- I don't\nreally remember. I must have started when I was nine, ten years old and I\ncontinued on past bar mitzvah age, I know. I remember that. But--\n\nWEINTRAUB: Who taught?\n\nB.COHEN: I remember Mr. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ginsberg and Rev Clein. There was several others that\nyou were in and out with, but primarily the teacher I really remember the most\nwas Mr. Ginsberg.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Were these formal classes? Were they just teaching Hebrew? Were they teaching--\n\nB.COHEN: Just Hebrew.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Just Hebrew.\n\nB.COHEN: How to read and write, build a chumash.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Uh-huh. But nothing about philosophy, the religion?\n\nB.COHEN: No, no.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Just analytics--\n\nB.COHEN: Nothing. It was just--\n\nWEINTRAUB: Just a Hebrew School?\n\nB.COHEN: Primary purpose was to learn Hebrew.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Yes.\n\nB.COHEN: Learn how to write Hebrew and to read--to read [indistinct: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"17.30] chumash.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Let's return to the school years for a little bit. You graduated high\nschool in 1933.\n\nB.COHEN: Yes, in 1933. I went back and got-- I was working for a while. Then I\nwent back, got my degree. I remember the last year I went back, I completed a\nyear and a half, which I was lacking for my degree, in a year's time. Graduated\na little bit better than one year after I went back to school.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Did you continue your education beyond this point?\n\nB.COHEN: Yes. Yes, I got my degree at--at night, going strictly at night, at\nGeorgia ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"University-- It was the extension of Georgia Tech evening school. Then\nthey changed it to--the same school, but they changed names and called it the\nUniversity of Georgia evening school.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Where was this located?\n\nB.COHEN: On--\n\nWEINTRAUB: What's the name of the street?\n\nB.COHEN: Huh? I don't know. It was--\n\nR.A.COHEN: Downtown.\n\nB.COHEN: Huh?\n\nR.A.COHEN: Downtown, wasn't it?\n\nB.COHEN: It was downtown, yes. But what was the name of the street?\n\nWEINTRAUB: On Luckie Street?\n\nB.COHEN: Huh?\n\nWEINTRAUB: Was that on--\n\nB.COHEN: No, no, no, no. It wasn't on-- It was-- Runs parallel with Marietta\nStreet. Runs right parallel with Marietta Street. It's like the story they told\nabout--[memoirist ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"laughs]--you heard the story, I presume, about the guy that\nsays, \"I had this best meal in my life the other night at the restaurant,\" he\nsaid. \"Just great.\" I says, \"Yes, where was it?\" He says \"What's the,\" he says,\n\"What was it?\" He says, \"Yes, it's,\" he says, \"It's on the highway.\" He says,\n\"Help me out.\" He says, \"What is it, this big red flower and the long stem, has\nthorns.\" The guy thought, he says, \"Rose?\" He says, \"Yes, yes, yes.\" He says,\n\"Rose what was the name of that restaurant?\" [memoirist laughs] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We heard that\nlast night. It's the same thing here.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Yes.\n\nB.COHEN: I can't say the name of the street. It'll pop in my mind, but I can't\nthink of it now. But it was right at-- It's parallel with Marietta Street.\nMatter of fact, it was right at the intersection of Marietta Street and this\nstreet, and it was downtown Atlanta.\n\nWEINTRAUB: That's why it was under the auspices of Georgia Tech?\n\nB.COHEN: Georgia Tech, right. Later on it became--the same school, same location.\n\nR.A.COHEN: [Indistinct: 19.24]\n\nB.COHEN: Pardon?\n\nR.A.COHEN: I'm trying to think where the original buildings were. [Indistinct: 19.27]\n\nWEINTRAUB: No, I don't know where this building is. No, that's what I'm trying\nto find ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out because now, of course, they're located on what's called Peachtree\nCenter Boulevard or something. Used to be Ivy Street.\n\nB.COHEN: Yes, well, yes. Yes they moved then.\n\nR.A.COHEN: I think they [indistinct 19.38].\n\nB.COHEN: No, no, I never went there.\n\nWEINTRAUB: They moved--\n\nB.COHEN: I never went there.\n\nR.A.COHEN: [Indistinct: 19.43]\n\nB.COHEN: When I went there, it was on the old location. Matter of fact, I worked\nfor the WPA [Works Progress Administration] there in the office.\n\nWEINTRAUB: At Georgia Tech?\n\nB.COHEN: At Georgia, yes, Georgia Tech, University of Georgia. In the extension\nat that time. For that I got my tuition.\n\nWEINTRAUB: What did you do?\n\nB.COHEN: Worked in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"office, took applications, answered the telephone, and\nanswered questions for people that had messages, et cetera, something like-- I\nwas a clerk there, in the office.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Under the auspices of the WPA?\n\nB.COHEN: WPA, that's right. Uncle Sam paid my tuition and I got my education\nthat way. It didn't cost me a dime.\n\nWEINTRAUB: That's nice. All I know about are painters and the artists and the\nparks people--\n\nB.COHEN: We got a good education too. Good education. It was a real good school.\n\nWEINTRAUB: How many years did you go there?\n\nB.COHEN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ten.\n\nR.A.COHEN: No, I think it was six years.\n\nB.COHEN: It was more than that. It's almost ten years.\n\nR.A.COHEN: From 1933--\n\nB.COHEN: Huh?\n\nR.A.COHEN: [Indistinct: 20.32]--you had to be married.\n\nB.COHEN: Yes, after we were married. But still to get--to finish up.\n\nWEINTRAUB: What year did you get the degree?\n\nB.COHEN: 1940--\n\nR.A.COHEN: 1941.\n\nB.COHEN: 1941, yes. 1941.\n\nWEINTRAUB: In what area?\n\nB.COHEN: Would be a Bachelor of Science in Commerce. B.S.C. and a specialty in\nincome tax reporting. I can't--\n\nWEINTRAUB: You're the man I need.\n\nB.COHEN: Still can't-- I can't even do my own today. [memoirist laughs]\n\nWEINTRAUB: You just ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"introduced your wife, as a matter of fact, your spouse,\nhere, who is on the tape now. When did you get married?\n\nB.COHEN: In Chicago [Illinois, United States].\n\nWEINTRAUB: What year was that?\n\nB.COHEN: Uh--\n\nWEINTRAUB: Oh, embarrassing moments. Rose! [memoirist and interviewer laugh]\n\nB.COHEN: I can tell you right now, it was 53 years ago so--\n\nR.A.COHEN: 1941.\n\nB.COHEN: 1941, right.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Why Chicago? Did you meet your wife there?\n\nB.COHEN: No. I met my wife in Atlanta. She was visiting a friend of hers who had\ngotten married in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta to a boy, my best friend. She came visiting. She came\ndown to visit her, and that's where I met her.\n\nWEINTRAUB: You chased her all the way back to Chicago?\n\nB.COHEN: Chased her immediately, and proposed the first minute I saw her.\n\nR.A.COHEN: On the second date.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Second date proposal. Who was your best friend at that time?\n\nB.COHEN: Zack-- Yes, [indistinct: 21.47]. He was my best friend. Zack Lifchez.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Zack--\n\nB.COHEN: Z-A-C-K Lifchez, L-I-F-C-H-E-Z.\n\nWEINTRAUB: L-I-F--\n\nB.COHEN: L-I-F-C-H-E-Z.\n\nWEINTRAUB: --C-H-E-Z. It's a name I don't recognize.\n\nB.COHEN: You may not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"recognize the name, but you might recognize Solomon.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Uh-huh.\n\nB.COHEN: Solomon was one of the shammash of the shul many years ago. The Hillman\nfamily is part of the family. Ralph [Hillman] and Arthur Hillman is a part of\nthe family. Ralph [Hillman] and Arthur Hillman of Or VeShalom. It's a-- They\nhave a real big family. It involved the Levitans, are a part of it. The\nKolatkins are part of that family. It's all part of that same family.\n\nWEINTRAUB: You still keep up with any of these people?\n\nB.COHEN: Oh, yes, yes. Certainly do.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Why, other than your wife being from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chicago, why Chicago? Did you\nget married up there?\n\nB.COHEN: Yes, we married because she lived up there.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Your family traveled up for the wedding?\n\nB.COHEN: Yes.\n\nWEINTRAUB: 1941, you weren't in the Army, Navy, Air Force at that time?\n\nB.COHEN: No. I fought like hell to keep out, did everything I could to keep out,\nand finally volunteered to go in after we were married because they were getting\nready to draft me--[memoirist laughs]--in the infantry and I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"volunteered for the Navy.\n\nWEINTRAUB: How long were you in the Navy?\n\nB.COHEN: Less than a year, then the war was over.\n\nR.A.COHEN: It was over before you [indistinct 23.05].\n\nB.COHEN: Yes, that's right.\n\nR.A.COHEN: The European--\n\nB.COHEN: The European part of the war was over before I even went in, but then\nthe Japanese war was over when I--while I was still in.\n\nWEINTRAUB: So, you immediately were separated or discharged?\n\nB.COHEN: Yeah, we were separated. Right away, I would say in April.\n\nR.A.COHEN: Or [indistinct: 23.23].\n\nWEINTRAUB: April 1945?\n\nB.COHEN: 1945.\n\nR.A.COHEN: 1946. [Indistinct: 23.27] was born in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1940 [indistinct: 23.28].\n\nB.COHEN: I thought it was 1945, still think it's 1945.\n\nR.A.COHEN: No, it was 1946 because it was just before Terry [Cohen] was born.\n\nWEINTRAUB: We need Rose to get the answer. [interviewer and memoirist laugh]\n\nB.COHEN: Yes.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Let's then explore your quick tour with the Navy. Where were you stationed?\n\nB.COHEN: I was inducted in and got my boot camp in Great Lakes and my second\nyear or second month that year, our second month of the training was in Chicago.\nThey had a school in Roosevelt-- had a school there that the Navy had taken\nover. We were housed in the school and we got ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"our second part of our education.\nI was training for electronics first class--first place electronics. That's what\nI went in as. Then I was in Washington at Great--at the Naval Research Bureau\nwhere we continued the education and also were-- We were repairing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"radar stuff there.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Did you have a quick education?\n\nB.COHEN: It was very quick, considering the so-called complex job that they\nexpected you to do, which I never did learn to do much of it. I was already\nthrough, was already out.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Return to your--1941, when you bought the house on 6th Street.\n\nB.COHEN: 1937.\n\nWEINTRAUB: 1937, when you bought the house.\n\nB.COHEN: Yes.\n\nWEINTRAUB: You say you were in business?\n\nB.COHEN: I didn't buy it. My father bought it.\n\nWEINTRAUB: You're there with your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"father's house.\n\nB.COHEN: Yes.\n\nWEINTRAUB: What was he doing at the time? What kind of business was he in?\n\nB.COHEN: Scrap. We were in the business together at that time. We were in scrap\nbusiness. We went in business together in 1935. We opened up.\n\nWEINTRAUB: How did he end up in the scrap business?\n\nB.COHEN: He was in the scrap business. When he came to Atlanta in 1915, he\njoined my uncle who was in the scrap business already. He was in Atlanta in\n1912. He joined with my uncle who was already in business, and they were\npartners in the scrap business in 1915 when they moved to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta. They stayed\nin business up until the time the Depression hit, as partners. The Depression\nhit. They were still friends and they parted good friends, but they--my father\njust walked away from the business. Gave it to my uncle. Gave it to--left it\nwith him. There wasn't much to give because it was during the Depression. He had\na truck and he--when he was peddling in the country buying metals and hides, cow\nhides and fur. That was in 1930. I guess it would have been 1930, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1931.\nThey--he--my father stayed on the road buying that while I was still fooling\naround, working for several people who were in the scrap business on Decatur\nStreet. The last one I worked was-- Mr. [Harry] Epstein was one of them, and\nAlbert Stein, Stein and Steel and Supply, was the other. Then in 1935, my dad\nand I-- Dad kept rushing me, \"Let's go to the bus-- Quit, quit. Let's go in the\nbusiness together. Let's go in the business ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"together.\" He finally convinced me I\nshould, so I quit that and we went and opened up on Marietta Street.\n\nWEINTRAUB: In the scrap metal business?\n\nB.COHEN: Scrap metal business, right. That's all I know.\n\nR.A.COHEN: [indistinct: 26.39]\n\nB.COHEN: We had hides also.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Hides and scrap metal.\n\nB.COHEN: We bought hides, but it was-- Primarily, it was scrap metal. I won't\nsay that. When we first got started, we did a bigger volume in hides than we did\nin metals. But we just got away from that because it's a smelly, nasty business,\nand it was difficult to find a place that the neighbors wouldn't tolerate you\nmuch less let you--where you could operate. We finally gave it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up.\n\nWEINTRAUB: We'll talk about the scrap metal business next time.\n\nB.COHEN: Yes.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Tell me about the hide business.\n\nB.COHEN: Hide business is-- It's a very simple business. You went out in the\ncountry. You talked to the butchers, and there was a lot of private butchers in\nthose days that did their own slaughtering, or they had a small little packing\nhouse, and I do mean small, where they did their slaughtering. We'd go in and\nthey would accumulate hides and about once every two or three weeks, you'd call\non them, you'd trade with them, you'd buy, and buy and sell like you trade ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on\nanything. Pick them up, bring them in, salt them down, cure them, get a car\nload, and sell it to the tannery.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Uh-huh.\n\nB.COHEN: It was really a good a business.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Traveled only in Georgia or throughout the southeast?\n\nB.COHEN: Strictly in Georgia.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Strictly in Georgia.\n\nB.COHEN: We may have touched small parts of South Carolina, but very rarely. It\nwas Georgia. All small towns around Atlanta, 50, a 100 miles from Atlanta.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Did you stay overnight in any of these or just--\n\nB.COHEN: Very-- No. Dad once in a while when he went up to--around the Blue\nRidge area, would spend a night that time. But most of the time he was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"home at\nnight. My dad worked hard, hard-working. My dad was a good man. Good,\nhard-working man. He really was. And a great family man. Didn't think of nothing\nbut his family.\n\nWEINTRAUB: What did your mother do?\n\nB.COHEN: Mother was a good Jewish housewife, that's all.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Took care of the children?\n\nB.COHEN: Took care of the children. Took care of the house, and ruled the house.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Uh-huh.\n\nB.COHEN: And me too. [memoirist laughs]\n\nWEINTRAUB: Within this religious background that you had with the A.A. in that\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"area, what types of ceremonies were observed in the home?\n\nB.COHEN: All of them. Every one of them. We had a shabbat. We had-- Every one of\nthe holidays, no exceptions. We observed them very carefully and fully. We had\nthe full treatment all our lives.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Could you describe, say, a Friday night service to the Friday night home?\n\nB.COHEN: Just like it was-- Our home right today when we have the family over.\nEverybody would come in. All the children were there, and gather around the\ntables, light the candles, say the [indistinct: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"29.00], make a meal, a little\ndiscussion. If we'd forget about it, and if we could, if possible, run out when\nwe were still young and play.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Did your mother have any special dishes for these nights?\n\nB.COHEN: [memoirist laughs] Even though I'm on tape, I'll say this. My mother\nwas the world's worst cook. [memoirist and interviewer laugh]\n\nWEINTRAUB: I thought that all Jewish mothers were good cooks.\n\nB.COHEN: She-- If it worked-- Cooking to her, God bless her, was work. It was\nwork. It was so ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much trouble and--[memoirist laughs]--she just wouldn't cook\nanything. She'd get it on the table but we wouldn't-- We weren't hungry, but it\nwasn't good either. But we ate everything that she put on that plate. It wasn't\non-- As I say, mother ruled. She's a sweet old woman. She was-- We loved her.\nEverybody did. But she ruled. If she said, \"Eat,\" we ate. If she said, \"Come\nhome,\" we came home. If she said, \"Come home with A's,\" we brought home A's. No\nanswers about it, that was the way it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was. She-- she never raised a hand to us,\nnever. I don't ever remember her even trying to potch [Yiddish: a slap or\nspanking] me and tuchus, nothing. But she ruled. She ruled with just by being\nthat insistent on this is the way it ought to be. We did it, too. We just did it\nwithout question.\n\nWEINTRAUB: What was your relationship in the family with your brothers and sisters?\n\nB.COHEN: I had a good relationship. Gerald [Cohen], when my natural--with my\nsisters, they were much younger than I. But with my-- Gerald was just two and a\nhalf, three years younger. And the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first ten years of our life--his life, the\nfirst thirteen of mine, we fought pretty good. But after that, after thirteen,\nhe and I got into a battle. I'll never forget it. He hit me in the head with a\nstick, broom stick or some kind of stick. And that sobered both of us up. From\nthat time on, we never had a hard word. We're the closest of friends. That time,\nI'll never forget it.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Let me stop the tape here. There's about a [indistinct: 30.52] and\nturn the tape over.\n\nR.A.COHEN: Do you want a cup of coffee or a cup of tea--\n\n[end of tape 1, side 1]\n\n[start of tape 1, side 2]\n\nWEINTRAUB: [tape clicks] Two notes to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tape: note one, the conversation with\nMr. Bernard Cohen took place January 9, 1995, in his home. The voice you hear in\nthe background occasionally, is his wife, who sat in listening, and at the end,\nsaid she learned things she didn't know before. [tape clicks]\n\nWEINTRAUB: Tape one, side two. Today's the 9th of January, 1995, and we're\nspeaking with Mr. [Bernard] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cohen. We stopped talking about the hide building,\nor the hide business on the first side of the tape, and while the tape was off,\nyou began to elaborate on it. Would you mind repeating that portion of the story\nabout how you got out of the business--into it and out of the business?\n\nB.COHEN: We got in the hide business because my father was in it. He was in it.\nMy uncle was in it on Peters Street. Them when he left the Peters Street\npartnership with my uncle, he ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"got a truck and a driver. They went out in the\ncountry and bought hides. I also, after we joined hands, would go out in the\ncountry and bought hides. I also, after we joined hands, would go out in the\ncountry, with the same truck when he would stay in Atlanta, and buy hides from\nthe small butchers in the towns around, in and around Atlanta, within a 100, 150\nmiles of Atlanta. From the small abattoirs [French: slaughterhouses] we'd buy\nhides, bring them in, cure them, put them down, and sell them in car-load lots\nto the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tanneries. We stored them. Part of the time we stored them in an\noutfit--in a little building next to the Atlanta Tallow Company. The Atlanta\nTallow company was owned and operated by Mr. Zipperman and Mr. Fogel. As I say,\nit was during the Depression. They had this abattoir--they had this tallow\nplace, and they were in the tallow business and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the rendering business, on the\noutskirts of town. It was in a spot where the neighbors didn't object to the\nodors that emanated both from their business and from our business, the hide\nbusiness. They very graciously had a small little building on their building.\nThey very graciously told my father that he could just have it, no rent, no\nnothing, because it was during the Depression. Things were tough. Any little\nthing that--any dime they could--that we could save or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"scrape was needed and\nwanted. They were very gracious about it. They didn't ask for any rent, didn't\nwant any rent. I say this was typical of the Jewish people at that time. They\nwere glad to help each other. As I was mentioning as an aside while the tape was\nclosed, an example of that was the old Morris Plan. Morris Plan was if a person\nwanted to borrow some money, he borrowed from the Morris Plan and he would get\ntwo or three other people to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sign. Other Jewish people would sign up on his\nnote. That's all the guarantees he needed, and he got a hundred, two hundred\ndollars to do what he wanted to do or had to do to stay in business or to buy\nsomething. He would pay it back. These three people sit by. Without any credit,\nwithout any other possibility of getting money, the Jewish people around\nAtlanta, in small businesses, supported each other. They didn't need-- They\nneeded banks, but the banks weren't willing to help ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anybody, but they did it\njust by this self-help deal, and I call it the Morris--which was the Morris\nPlan. That was the official name. It was the Morris Plan. It was widely used\namong the merchants. I remember in the scrap business, we had competitors in the\nscrap business, when I was already in the business with my father. We run short\non money, we'd go to one of our competitors, Mr. [Joe] Levitan, in particular,\non Decatur Street. We were on Marietta Street. My dad ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would say-- We'd swap\nchecks with him. The checks he gave wasn't any--wasn't worth a flip. He\ncouldn't-- It wasn't worth-- There wasn't any money. But he knew, [Joe] Levitan\nknew there wasn't any money on it right then. Then they would swap checks until\ndad, or we, would sell something, and then we'd give him his money back. Then,\non the other hand, if Mr. [Joe] Levitan wanted any money and we had money in the\nbank, he'd come to us and we'd swap checks with him. That's the way we supported\neach other, even though we are competitors. That's the way it was. We weren't\nthe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"only ones that were doing it. I'm just giving you an example.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Tell me about this Morris Plan, you say, was primarily in Atlanta?\n\nB.COHEN: I don't know.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Oh.\n\nB.COHEN: That's all I know, Atlanta people were using it. Of course, most of the\nJewish people at that time knew about it and used it. The Morris Plan was used\nwidely among the small merchants of Atlanta.\n\nWEINTRAUB: With ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this relationship with the Hebrew School, learning Hebrew-- With\nthe Jewish Educational Alliance, where you circulated with Jewish boys and girls\nyour age, with primarily it appears associating with other Jews in high school\nand grammar school, was there any interrelationship between the Jewish\ncommunity, at these age groups I'm talking about, and the non-Jewish community\noutside of a formal school setting?\n\nB.COHEN: Very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"little.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Very little.\n\nB.COHEN: Very little, to my knowledge. In my particular case, none. If I didn't\nassociate with them or come in contact with them at school, I just didn't come\nin contact with them. Unless they lived next door. That was different. A fellow\nlived next door for a while there, and was one of the non-Jewish families on\nthat block, and we were-- We played together, had a good time together. But it\nwas--on just proximity, we could. But ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after we moved away from there, I never\nsaw him again. His name was Brock.\n\nWEINTRAUB: But-- That continued throughout this time frame as adolescents, right?\n\nB.COHEN: Right. All contacts at the time, social contacts, was particularly nil\nwith non-Jews, non-Jewish.\n\nWEINTRAUB: How about the college experience? Were there--\n\nB.COHEN: In college, I went-- It was at night.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Right.\n\nB.COHEN: At night, you got off from work. You didn't go home. You ate there,\nwent to school, got out of school at ten, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"usually. In the first place, two\nnights a week I worked. I didn't go to school. I worked in the office. But the\nthree nights a week that I did go to school, we got off at ten. Then I'd either\ncome home or have a date. Then if I had a date, I'd come home at one or two\no'clock or whenever it was, and get up and go to work the next morning and start\nall over.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Didn't have much sleep those nights.\n\nB.COHEN: Didn't need much sleep.\n\nWEINTRAUB: You were younger. [memoirist and interviewer laugh] You essentially\nhad an environment which was all Jewish?\n\nB.COHEN: Yes. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Essentially, it was all Jewish.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Including--\n\nB.COHEN: The contacts we had with non-Jews was strictly on a commercial basis\nwhere we would do business or in a place where you were thrown together like in school.\n\nWEINTRAUB: It was pretty much a segregated society in those days?\n\nB.COHEN: Voluntarily, but it was segregated.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Voluntarily. But no friction in or out of school?\n\nB.COHEN: The only friction-- Yes, there was a little comical fighting going on\nat school between the Jews and the non-- But also a little fighting along with\nJews and Jews, too, don't forget it. But ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the only thing is, when there was a\nJewish and a non-Jewish conflict, especially if the non-Jew was much bigger than\nthe little Jewish fellow, then he had to contend with the rest of the Jews. He\nhad to contend with them because one of the bigger Jewish boys would come in and\nbeat the hell out of him.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Then the bigger Gentile came in and beat the hell out of the Jewish boy?\n\nB.COHEN: That didn't happen too often.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Uh-huh.\n\nB.COHEN: It didn't happen too often.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Yes.\n\nB.COHEN: Because the retaliation was quick and sure, and it got to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be pretty\nwell-known. We weren't picked on.\n\nWEINTRAUB: That's a different understanding than most of us have of Jewish\ncommunities and boys of that age where they were non-argumentative and\nnon-combatant, is what you're giving me.\n\nB.COHEN: I don't know about the others, but we had our-- We had our battles. We\nhad a certain tough bunch of our boys who would go--I wasn't one of them; I\nwon't profess to be--that would tackle anybody regardless of size. If they\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"jumped on one of their friends, they had to contend with him, too. It was known.\nIt was known. That's why we didn't have too many problems.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Do you remember their names?\n\nB.COHEN: Sure.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Who did we depend upon in those days?\n\nB.COHEN: One of them was Max Kuniansky. Do you know Max [Kuniansky]?\n\nWEINTRAUB: Yes.\n\nB.COHEN: He was one of them. There was Levitky Smith. Rubin, Elliott Rubin.\nSaulie Barnett. Alterman, Abe Alterman. He's still alive. His brothers, Sam\n[Alterman], particularly. They were tough, all of those. The ones that I\nmentioned was real tough.\n\nWEINTRAUB: They were big guys, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"too, because they're big men.\n\nB.COHEN: They weren't-- They were a little bigger than I was. I was always small.\n\nWEINTRAUB: They're bigger than I am, too, so.\n\nB.COHEN: They were bigger in that respect, but see, it wasn't only big. They\nwere tough. They were really tough. They did-- They would tackle anybody and\nkept outside. Especially Levitky Smith was not big at all. I saw him one time--\nI saw this with my own eyes. He was-- This fellow must have been a foot and a\nhalf taller than he was, and he was picking on me during school. Levitky [Smith]\nsaw it or heard about it, because I didn't tell ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him. After school, Levitky\n[Smith] walked up to him and said something to him, gave him one it--and I saw\nit--knocked him over a bank. Literally, it knocked him over the side. Levitky\n[Smith] picked him up against and knocked him over the side of the bank with one\nhand. He was tough. He was a football player, too, when he went to high school.\nHe was-- You know Guilford Cohen, Gibby Cohen? Levitky [Smith] is Gibby's\n[Cohen's] uncle. He was almost-- He was a little older than Gibby [Cohen], about\na year older, that's all. He was Gibby's [Cohen's] uncle.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Did any of this group participate in organized athletics in school?\n\nB.COHEN: Yes. They played in-- They played-- They were football players. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Elliott\nRubin was a football player. Saul Barnett was a football player. Levitky [Smith]\nwas a football player. Yes, they were football players.\n\nWEINTRAUB: There's another myth gone, that Jews don't play football or they\ndon't anymore.\n\nB.COHEN: They played then.\n\nR.A.COHEN: They do.\n\nB.COHEN: They do now, too, yeah. My nephew, Ross, well he wanted to play\nfootball in the worst way. Played it, too.\n\nWEINTRAUB: This-- Say playing football. This would be at Boys High School?\n\nB.COHEN: Boys High School and also pick-up. We had little pick-up teams there,\nand we played football. We played football ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"across the street from a--over on\nWashington Street there was a Holy Roller church there. Had a little side yard,\nand we'd get up together and we played football there practically every\nafternoon during the football season.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Uh-huh.\n\nB.COHEN: Plenty of pick-up thing, wasn't formal. It was pretty tough games.\n[memoirist laughs] It was. We played for keeps.\n\nWEINTRAUB: These are two primarily Jewish teams, then?\n\nB.COHEN: Yes, from the neighborhood. Didn't have to be Jewish, but it happened\nbecause we were primarily Jews around there.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Right.\n\nB.COHEN: It was mostly Jewish.\n\nWEINTRAUB: When you moved-- You said earlier when you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"moved to 6th Street, it\nwas more of a mixed neighborhood.\n\nB.COHEN: Yes.\n\nWEINTRAUB: You were older at that time?\n\nB.COHEN: Yes, I was already working.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Were there any--that you know of--any children that would have been\nthe age we're talking about, in high school, in that Jewish community around 6th\nStreet at that time?\n\nB.COHEN: In high school at that time?\n\nWEINTRAUB: Yes. That you-- Were any of the families there have children in high\nschool? Jewish?\n\nB.COHEN: I'm sure they must have. The Hirsches lived across.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Did you--\n\nR.A.COHEN: [indistinct: 42.25]\n\nB.COHEN: No, he lived around on 8th Street, my cousin.\n\nR.A.COHEN: I mean--\n\nB.COHEN: Yes.\n\nR.A.COHEN: No, I'm talking about Leonard Fox.\n\nB.COHEN: They ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lived--\n\nR.A.COHEN: He lived on [indistinct: 42.33].\n\nB.COHEN: [indistinct: 42.44]. He was young.\n\nR.A.COHEN: He was at Hillman.\n\nB.COHEN: There was-- I'm sure there was.\n\nWEINTRAUB: What I'm trying to establish is the change in the--or the movement of\nthe Jewish community from Washington Street going further north.\n\nB.COHEN: Yes. Oh, you want to establish why?\n\nWEINTRAUB: It's occurred. That's what you're telling me.\n\nB.COHEN: I don't--\n\nWEINTRAUB: At least there were families established in--on Parkway Drive.\n\nB.COHEN: I'll tell you why I think we did, because it was more-- At the time we\nbought the house, which was in 1937, still at the tail end of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Depression,\nthere was-- We could afford it. It was more fashionable also to be on the north\nside than it was on the south side, if you know what I mean by that.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Already in 1937?\n\nB.COHEN: Oh, yes, yes. It really was. It was becoming that. It wasn't no stigma\nnot to live on the south side, but it was a little higher class, up here in our\nhead, not-- In fact, it wasn't. But in our heads it was, to be on the north\nside. Yes, it really was.\n\nWEINTRAUB: The individuals you just mentioned who would have been teenagers at\nthat time, did they go to the A.A. then for religious school ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"training? Do you\nknow? You may not know.\n\nR.A.COHEN: I assume they did.\n\nB.COHEN: I'm sure they did. They must have.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Uh-huh.\n\nB.COHEN: They must have. The particular men, the particular fellows that I\nmentioned their name, they were all A.A. members, all of them were.\n\nWEINTRAUB: But we don't know really whether or not the teenagers or the\npre-teenagers that were living around 6th Street were going to A.A.?\n\nB.COHEN: Yes, they all were. I would say the majority, the vast majority of them\nwent to A.A., yes.\n\nWEINTRAUB: The vast majority of your friends ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then were members of--\n\nB.COHEN: They were because they were--because you were thrown together. That's\nhow you--that's why you were friends. In the first place, you worked, right.\nWhen are you going to meet them? You meet them on the holidays and occasions\nwhere you were together at the synagogue. That's where you met them. That's\nwhere we met kids all the time.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Earlier we also talked about the difference between the Jews who\nlived on Washington Street and going to the A.A. and The Temple. What other\nsynagogues do you recall that there were?\n\nB.COHEN: Yes, Shearith Israel.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Where were they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"located?\n\nB.COHEN: They were located also on Washington Street. Where we lived on\nWashington Street, they were a block and a half south of us and the A.A. was\nthree blocks north of us on the same street, on Washington Street.\n\nR.A.COHEN: There was also Or VeShalom.\n\nB.COHEN: Yes, Or VeShalom. They were there also. Then the Arbeiter Ring was\nthere on--three blocks up the street on Capitol Avenue. They were all in that\narea, neighborhood.\n\nWEINTRAUB: I've done a few interviews. You're the first one who's mentioned the\nArbeiter Ring.\n\nB.COHEN: Really?\n\nWEINTRAUB: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Uh-huh.\n\nB.COHEN: I'm surprised. The Arbeiter Ring was Jewish Socialists that really\nbelieved in socialism and they did things-- I won't say they kept to themselves,\nbut they did things together so they isolated themselves in that respect. They\nweren't looked down upon or looked away from, but the fact that they had common\ninterests and they had this Arbeiter Ring and they met there and they had their\nmeetings there and their gatherings ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there, and they socialized together.\n\nWEINTRAUB: We're looking at four or five Jewish communities, then?\n\nB.COHEN: Yes.\n\nWEINTRAUB: The Arbeiter Ring, A.A., Shearith Israel--\n\nB.COHEN: Now, Shearith Israel--\n\nWEINTRAUB: --Or VeShalom--\n\nB.COHEN: Yes, but the--\n\nR.A.COHEN: The Temple.\n\nB.COHEN: --the Shearith Israel-- Temple-- Shearith Israel and A.A., as far as\nsocializing, they always--\n\nWEINTRAUB: They did?\n\nB.COHEN: --all together. We had the clubs. You belonged to the same Jewish clubs\nat Young Judaea at all from both synagogues. It didn't matter.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Uh-huh.\n\nB.COHEN: Even some of the Arbeiter Ring boys belonged to the social clubs.\n\nWEINTRAUB: But they didn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"attend the cheder with you--\n\nB.COHEN: No.\n\nWEINTRAUB: --from the Arbeiter Ring?\n\nB.COHEN: No, no. Definitely not.\n\nR.A.COHEN: I think they were Yiddish speaking [indistinct: 46.06]--\n\nB.COHEN: They were Yiddish. They were more-- They wanted, if they wanted Hebrew\nat all-- I say at all, maybe a little if, if at all, they were strictly Jewish.\n\nR.A.COHEN: Yiddish.\n\nB.COHEN: Yiddish. They'd speak Yiddish and they wrote Yiddish. I wish that I had\nthe background in Yiddish that they had. I had a pretty good background in\nYiddish because I learned some Yiddish because my grandmother, avshalom [Hebrew:\nfather of peace], spoke Yiddish and we all loved her. She wouldn't speak--she\nrefused to speak ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"English.\n\nWEINTRAUB: First time we've mentioned your grandparents. Were they living in\nAtlanta at this time?\n\nB.COHEN: Oh, yes. They lived-- They moved to Atlanta, 19-what? It must have\nbeen-- I must have been ten years old, nine years old, when they moved to\nAtlanta from Pocomoke City. They lived right smack across the street from us for\na long time.\n\nWEINTRAUB: How did they get to Pocomoke City?\n\nB.COHEN: That I've never found out. I've never been able to find out except that\nwe know that his brother, my grandfather's brother, was in Pocomoke City. How he\ngot there, I'm not too sure, but ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they came there because his brother was\nthere. I'm sure that was the reason, though he never told me.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Then your grandparents then moved to Atlanta?\n\nB.COHEN: They moved to Atlanta after my mother was living there several years already.\n\nWEINTRAUB: That's your mother--\n\nB.COHEN: Mother's father and mother.\n\nWEINTRAUB: How about your father's family?\n\nB.COHEN: Never saw them. They were in Russia. Never met them. Never saw them at\nall. Never met them.\n\nR.A.COHEN: We've got a picture of them.\n\nB.COHEN: We've got a picture, but that's all. Never met them. Regret that, but--\n\nWEINTRAUB: Where were your parents born?\n\nB.COHEN: Mother in Poland and dad in Russia.\n\nWEINTRAUB: They came here and met in the United States?\n\nB.COHEN: They met in the United States. Mother was six years old ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when she was\nbrought here. Dad was young man, probably 20, 21, when he arrived. They met in\nPocomoke [City] and married. My mother was only 18 years old when she got married.\n\nWEINTRAUB: What brought your mother to Pocomoke [City]? Your father got there\nbecause of his birth, but how about your--\n\nR.A.COHEN: No, no, it was--\n\nB.COHEN: No, no, no. No, no. My grandfather, mother's father and mother, that's\nwhy she was there. They brought her there when she was-- As I say, she was-- I\ndon't know if they-- I think they moved there directly because evidently an\nuncle lived there before they moved--went straight to Pocomoke City.\n\nWEINTRAUB: You know what they did there?\n\nB.COHEN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, scrap business--\n\nWEINTRAUB: Scrap business also?\n\nB.COHEN: Hide business and my grandfather took up farming, too. He had a little\nfarming. In his backyard he had a cow, chickens. Did a little of that. He was a\nhard worker. Tough man. He was tough. [Indistinct: 48.15] though, he was tough\non work. But he was a hard worker. He really was, a hard worker. Thought he was\nthe smartest man alive. He really wasn't that smart; he only thought he was smart.\n\nWEINTRAUB: We tend to think that everyone arrives here in New York [City, New\nYork, United States] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or there, but when you get-- I know when you get stories--\n\nR.A.COHEN: [Indistinct: 48.34].\n\nWEINTRAUB: That's part of the reason for trying to explore how your grandparents\nended up at Pocomoke City rather than New York [City] or Houston [Texas, United States].\n\nB.COHEN: That's it. I don't know how my uncle got there, but they-- I'm sure my\ngrandfather moved there because my uncle was there.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Right.\n\nB.COHEN: That had to be the reason. Otherwise-- Have you ever seen-- Pocomoke\nCity today is no bigger than it was then--[memoirist laughs]--and you can drive\nthrough the town in one and a half, two minutes. It's just-- It's real small.\nI've been back ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"several times. [Rae] Alice [Cohen] has been with me, and it's\nimproved from what it was then, but not much.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Uh-huh.\n\nB.COHEN: Yes, it's a small little town.\n\nR.A.COHEN: It's a nice little town.\n\nB.COHEN: It's a nice little town. It really is. Reasonably good weather, on\nthe-- Real close to Chesapeake Bay, not on the [Chesapeake] Bay, but it's close\nto it. We used to go, I remember. We-- My mother used to take me there and my\nbrother. We'd spend the summers there, yes, in Pocomoke [City]. We'd come right\nafter school and stay there for a couple of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"months.\n\nWEINTRAUB: There were two Jewish families in Pocomoke City?\n\nB.COHEN: No, more than that. No, there was more than that. He had-- I had\ncousins there. The Rodbell sides were there and then there was a couple of\nmerchants there--\n\nR.A.COHEN: There were other Jewish families.\n\nB.COHEN: Other Jewish families there, couple of merchants. They were all\nmerchants, you know how that is. But, yes, there were several Jewish families\nthere. They even had a shochet there. He was in the family and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Zelfa's family.\nHer husband was a butcher and shochet.\n\nWEINTRAUB: How did you get between Atlanta and up to Maryland [United States]?\n\nB.COHEN: Rode the train. [memoirist laughs]\n\nR.A.COHEN: [indistinct: 50.10]\n\nWEINTRAUB: Rode the train?\n\nB.COHEN: Yes. There wasn't no other way. There weren't no airplanes. Automobiles\nweren't quite relatable enough. We rode the train.\n\nWEINTRAUB: How did you get around Atlanta then?\n\nB.COHEN: Atlanta? Street cars.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Street cars.\n\nB.COHEN: Oh, yes. We got the trolley and with five, six cents, we'd ride\nanywhere in town. Or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"walk, because during the Depression you walked because who\nwas going to pay five cents or seven cents--I think it was five cents--for fare\nbecause it cost seven cents. How were you going to pay seven cents when you\ncould, for a half an hour you could be in town anyway from where we lived.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Whether you lived on 6th Street or Washington Street?\n\nB.COHEN: No, on 6th Street it wasn't that way, not a hundred percent true. You\nalmost had to catch the trolley to go to Atlanta. But on Washington Street, we walked.\n\nWEINTRAUB: How big would you estimate Atlanta was in 1937, 1935, 1937 times?\n\nB.COHEN: Just conversation and not fact?\n\nWEINTRAUB: Yes, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just--\n\nB.COHEN: I'd say maybe a 150, 200,000.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Uh-huh.\n\nB.COHEN: That's a pretty wild guess, but--\n\nWEINTRAUB: If, as you did, went to school here through high school and your\ncollege year, you must have known a good many of the people in at least your age\ngroup, if they went to high school with you?\n\nB.COHEN: Did I know there were quite a many? Yes, I know quite a few people. I\ndid. I still know them. They're still around, a good majority. Lots of them have\nbeen buried already, but there's quite a few of them still around. Yes, I still\npal around with them, see them at affairs and all, a good ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bunch. Most of them\npretty well--pretty successful bunch, too. They did all right. You didn't have\nto be smart to be in Atlanta, to be successful in Atlanta. All you had to do was\nbe here because it was always such a dynamic city. It was always growing and\nvery smart.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Tell me about the growth, then from 1937 to 1995?\n\nB.COHEN: It growed like Topsy. It was just amazing. It's amazing to me even\ntoday. Before you knew it, you were--the town had grown--what is now town was\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"strictly cow pasture. Now it's big buildings out there. It's only-- Alpharetta\n[Georgia, United States], there wasn't no Alpharetta. It was a little switch\nplace there, where the railroad switched. I don't know if Buford [Georgia,\nUnited States]-- Yes, I think Buford was there, Buford, Georgia.\n\nR.A.COHEN: Yes.\n\nB.COHEN: It was there because they had a tannery there. I remember that. That\nwas the only thing they had there was a tannery. Then later on they started\nmanufacturing shoes. All these little towns, they were-- ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LaGrange [Georgia,\nUnited States] was there. That was a little commercial town that sort of a cross\nroads. I remember that because my uncle lived there. It was just a small\nlittle-- Didn't seem small at that time, but as I look backwards.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Let's continue tracing the growth. From 6th Street, where did you move?\n\nB.COHEN: From 6th Street, we moved-- I was already--\n\nR.A.COHEN: You moved on Parkway Drive with me.\n\nB.COHEN: I was with this kid here. Parkway Drive, that's right, in an apartment\nhouse. From the apartment house, we moved to-- Where did we move?\n\nR.A.COHEN: You and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me?\n\nB.COHEN: Yes, you and I. Marietta Street?\n\nR.A.COHEN: Chalmette.\n\nB.COHEN: Oh, that's right, to Chalmette. After I got out of the Navy. From\nChalmette, we moved-- We built here.\n\nR.A.COHEN: We stayed on Parkway a while.\n\nB.COHEN: Yes, we were in an apartment house on Parkway for quite a while.\n\nWEINTRAUB: How long have you been here in this neighborhood?\n\nB.COHEN: 19--\n\nR.A.COHEN: This house? In this house?\n\nB.COHEN: --30 what?\n\nR.A.COHEN: 27 years.\n\nB.COHEN: 27 years, yes.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Again, it's always interesting. We've traced-- We went back and\nretraced steps periodically from Washington Street to 6th, continually north and\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"northwest. When the Jewish community first moved from--\n\nB.COHEN: Really wasn't following the Jewish community. We weren't. We moved--\n\nR.A.COHEN: That was the trend further, [indistinct: 53.39] trend.\n\nB.COHEN: The trend was. The trend did not-- We moved over here because we-- In\nthe first place, we wanted to get away from Chalmette. Why? Until this day I\ndon't even know why. We did. Both of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"us did. We sold our house on Chalmette and\nMarge Paneur over here found this lot. Because we looked all around this\nneighborhood, but we wanted to stay put in one place for a while.\n\nR.A.COHEN: Because my sister lived over here.\n\nB.COHEN: Your sister lived over here, but that was just one reason. But we just\nwanted to move on this side of town. We finally got to this lot, made out own,\nbuilt it, built this house. I don't think we had a conscious need to move. We\nwere just-- We wanted to stay--\n\nR.A.COHEN: This was our house for our old age, remember?\n\nB.COHEN: Yes. That's what we said when we started building it.\n\nR.A.COHEN: But we didn't-- No, before. That's why we had kept off, putting off\nbuilding it.\n\nWEINTRAUB: It's a beautiful place. Most of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"us, at least my wife and I decided we\nwant the smaller place because it really is a good size home.\n\nB.COHEN: I--\n\nR.A.COHEN: This is small.\n\nB.COHEN: This is small because-- You see, we got a place over there. We close\nthat off and that's gone. That's a little apartment that we have visitors in.\nAll we got is a bedroom and a living room, kitchen.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Just since I've asked about Jewish neighbors elsewhere, what is the\nJewish community like here in this area?\n\nB.COHEN: There's not too many. Several Jewish people--families here, but not--\n\nR.A.COHEN: Mixed.\n\nB.COHEN: It's mixed mainly. I would say the major is non-Jewish, but it's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mixed.\nWe've got three or four Jewish neighbors.\n\nR.A.COHEN: It's pretty mixed.\n\nB.COHEN: Very mixed. There's still--\n\nR.A.COHEN: No.\n\nB.COHEN: It's the majority of non-Jews.\n\nR.A.COHEN: You mean on North Island?\n\nB.COHEN: North Island, yes. On this street, there is one Jew because there ain't\nbut three...ain't but four families on the whole street, but three of them are\nnot Jews. They never were. There wasn't any Jews here. But then there's one,\nthere's two--\n\nR.A.COHEN: There's a half a dozen at least on North Island.\n\nB.COHEN: Half a dozen on North Island.\n\nR.A.COHEN: Then you have them on Crest Valley and on [indistinct: 55.23]--\n\nB.COHEN: They're scattered around.\n\nR.A.COHEN: They're all in--\n\nB.COHEN: They're scattered around here.\n\nWEINTRAUB: It's been a complete change, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"though, from your youth growing up in\nalmost a segregated neighborhood--\n\nB.COHEN: Yes.\n\nWEINTRAUB: --to where we are now.\n\nB.COHEN: Don't forget, as a youth, we needed to have somebody to play ball with,\nsomebody to pal around with. But as a married couple, if we want to go\nsomewhere, we get in an automobile and we can go anywheres, you see. We didn't\nhave to be in an area to do it.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Uh-huh.\n\nB.COHEN: The reason we wanted to be in this area-- We wanted to be in this area,\nbut it wasn't because Jews were here or not Jews were here. We just wanted to be\nhere. We desired to be here. It was more fashionable to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be here, et cetera.\n\nWEINTRAUB: But you preferred a Jewish neighborhood when your children were\ngrowing up?\n\nB.COHEN: Yes. But then where we lived, the Jewish people were there on Chalmette.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Yes. Just for the tape, Chalmette is--\n\nR.A.COHEN: Off of Briarwood.\n\nB.COHEN: Off of Briarwood.\n\nWEINTRAUB: It's mostly-- You lived in a home there or--\n\nB.COHEN: Oh, yes. Brick home.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Would you say five miles from Five Points, essentially north and east?\n\nR.A.COHEN: [indistinct: 56.25]\n\nWEINTRAUB: More than that?\n\nB.COHEN: No, no. That's right about five, six miles.\n\nR.A.COHEN: Where the old ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"camper stage--Callanwolde and that.\n\nB.COHEN: You know where Callanwolde is?\n\nWEINTRAUB: Yes, I know where Chalmette is.\n\nB.COHEN: We're--\n\nWEINTRAUB: I'm just for the tape purposes trying to see if we can't--\n\nB.COHEN: We're spitting distance from-- I wouldn't say over three or four miles\nfrom Five Points.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Yes, uh-huh.\n\nR.A.COHEN: [indistinct: 56.46]\n\nWEINTRAUB: Whatever. But essentially, though, the Jewish community, initially--\nYou were able to walk to Five Points from the south side of town.\n\nB.COHEN: That's right.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Then you went to 6th Street which is further out of town.\n\nB.COHEN: You couldn't walk anymore.\n\nWEINTRAUB: No, you cannot walk.\n\nB.COHEN: No, no way.\n\nWEINTRAUB: You mean, when you rode the--\n\nB.COHEN: You had to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have transportation. But at that time, everybody had an\nautomobile, too.\n\nWEINTRAUB: When your children were growing up, this was on Chalmette?\n\nB.COHEN: Yes.\n\nWEINTRAUB: At this time? What type of Jewish community was there?\n\nB.COHEN: They had their neighborhood. Right across the street was some--two\nclose friends. Over on this side of the street was another Jewish family. Around\nthe corner was several Jewish families. As a matter of fact, across the street\nwas two Jewish families. Up the street was some Jewish boys that they palled\naround with. So they had plenty of people to play with and they were mostly\nJewish boys that played ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with all the time.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Still members of A.A.?\n\nR.A.COHEN: Some of them.\n\nB.COHEN: Some of them, yeah. Lasses, Steins weren't but-- But of course, the--\n\nWEINTRAUB: Essentially your children had a--at least as far as the religious\naffiliation, were primarily with A.A., young men and women?\n\nB.COHEN: Yes. I would say so, primarily, yes.\n\nR.A.COHEN: Not as much as yours.\n\nB.COHEN: No, but primarily, though, they were.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Where is the A.A. located at this time?\n\nB.COHEN: On Peachtree Battle.\n\nWEINTRAUB: They moved from Washington Street to Peachtree Battle. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Again, for the\ntape, that's the northwest side of town?\n\nB.COHEN: Northwest side of town, right. Near northwest, I call it.\n\nWEINTRAUB: How did you get from Chalmette-- How often would the children then\nattend cheder? Not every day, or did they?\n\nB.COHEN: They had a--little branch on 10th Street.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Which was--\n\nR.A.COHEN: Yes.\n\nB.COHEN: Yes, but they thought he was going to have to go across town. They did\nhave a branch on 10th Street for certain activities.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Let's talk about the Hebrew School first. How often did they go to\nHebrew School?\n\nB.COHEN: Three times a week.\n\nWEINTRAUB: How often did you go?\n\nB.COHEN: Four times a week.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Tell me about now about the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"branch on 10th Street? What was the\npurpose of that?\n\nB.COHEN: It was because of the fact that people were moving from Washington\nStreet. This was when it was still on Washington Street, and people were moving\non this other side of town, and so they wanted-- They decided in order to serve\nthat part of the population, they'd better put a place that was a little bit\nmore convenient. That's what triggered it. Then they built this building on 10th\nStreet right near the corner of Piedmont.\n\nWEINTRAUB: What activities would they-- Did they have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"religious education as\nwell as--\n\nB.COHEN: They had education there and they had--\n\nR.A.COHEN: [indistinct: 59.03]--Educational Center.\n\nB.COHEN: That was the Educational Center, is what they called it. They had a\nplace there where if you wanted to have a wedding or something, you could have\nit there, a little ballroom like affair.\n\nWEINTRAUB: But no religious services as far as Friday, Saturday or--\n\nB.COHEN: Yes, yes.\n\nR.A.COHEN: High Holidays.\n\nB.COHEN: High Holiday services, right. But it wasn't-- I don't think they had\nany Friday-- Did they have Friday service there? I don't think so.\n\nR.A.COHEN: They had a minyan there.\n\nB.COHEN: Yes, they had a morning minyan there, yes. That was mostly kaddish or something.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Then when A.A. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"moved to Peachtree Battle, did they shut that\nfacility, the one on 10th Street?\n\nR.A.COHEN: Sold it.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Sold it?\n\nB.COHEN: Yes.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Is that building still standing?\n\nB.COHEN: It's still there. A labor union is in it now.\n\nR.A.COHEN: That's who they sold it to.\n\nB.COHEN: Sold it to a labor union. Still a nice looking little building from the\noutside. We went in there not too long ago just to look around, and it's still\nwell kept.\n\nWEINTRAUB: You're a fair distance from the synagogue there.\n\nB.COHEN: 15-minute automobile ride.\n\nR.A.COHEN: Seven miles.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Yes, I guess right down Northside.\n\nB.COHEN: Yes, seven miles. Seven miles by speedometer, 15 minutes by automobile.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Which still keeps you in that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"community there.\n\nB.COHEN: Yes. I guess-- It's on my way to work. I go there every morning for\nservices. Then after I get through, I go to work. It's halfway from here to\nwork. That's 15 minutes to get there and 15 minutes from there to get to work.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Tell me about the services there in the morning.\n\nB.COHEN: Pardon me?\n\nWEINTRAUB: You say you go to services there in the morning?\n\nB.COHEN: Yes, morning minyan.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Morning minyan?\n\nB.COHEN: Uh-huh.\n\nWEINTRAUB: How many people are at these minyans?\n\nB.COHEN: We'll have anywheres from 15 to 50. Mostly in the neighborhood of 20, 25.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Are these primarily people your age?\n\nB.COHEN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No, no. There are very few people my age that are still moving around\nand going to synagogue. [memoirist laughs]\n\nWEINTRAUB: What would you say the age spread is?\n\nB.COHEN: I would think for a minyan, I would say from-- If Dr. Sam were 35, 35\non up to my age. Some of them now, as far as that, Bart comes. He's just 15\nyears old.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Conducted by the rabbi?\n\nB.COHEN: Rabbi is there every morning. Or we-- Really not conducted by a rabbi.\nHe's just there. If he leads certain prayers or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something if he wants to. We\nconduct our own services. The members themselves conduct the services.\n\nWEINTRAUB: How many rabbis do you remember at the A.A.?\n\nB.COHEN: I remember them all. Rabbi [Harry] Epstein.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Rabbi [Harry] Epstein. [memoirist laughs]\n\nB.COHEN: Rabbi--\n\nR.A.COHEN: Do you remember before Rabbi [Harry] Epstein?\n\nB.COHEN: Yes, Rabbi [Abraham P.] Hirmes. Sure do. Regular fellow, Rabbi [Abraham\nP.] Hirmes. I remember him. Then Rabbi [Harry] Epstein. Rabbi [Harry] Epstein\nwas-- You know how many years ago that was? When I was-- He bar mitzvahed me.\nYou can imagine how many years it was. I was thirteen years old. He bar\nmitzvahed me. I can ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"remember quite a few years with him. He was the only rabbi.\n[Abraham P.] Hirmes was the one before him. I don't remember anybody before him.\nThere must have been some, but I didn't know him. [Abraham P.] Hirmes was\nred-headed fellow, heavy set, spoke--gave--delivered his sermons in Yiddish.\n\nWEINTRAUB: That was only at the synagogue there on Washington Street?\n\nB.COHEN: Washington Street, right.\n\nWEINTRAUB: What about cantors? How many cantors do you remember?\n\nB.COHEN: There was just-- There's only two that I recall. You remember another one?\n\nR.A.COHEN: [Indistinct: 1.01.59]\n\nB.COHEN: Guess only ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"two. [Of] course I remember Shammash Klein. I remember him.\nHe was the shammash for umpteen thousand years.\n\nWEINTRAUB: So in the religious community that you're familiar with, the A.A.,\nthe synagogue, it's a fairly stable community as far as--\n\nB.COHEN: Yes. Oh, yes. Pretty stable. They hired somebody and they kept him.\nYes, it wasn't any of that-- It wasn't no revolving door with personnel. Never was.\n\nWEINTRAUB: On a personal note, have you liked the rabbis there?\n\nB.COHEN: I have. On a personal note, I thought the world of every one of them.\nNo exception. [Abraham P.] Hirmes, I can't comment on personally. I was-- I just\nknew him because I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"saw him. I had no contact with him. But Rabbi [Harry] Epstein\nI still think the world of. Matter of fact, when he has to go out of town or\nsomething, Gerald [Cohen], my brother, and I take him to the airport. When he\ncomes back in town, we pick him up at the airport. We still have a good personal\nrelationship with Rabbi [Harry] Epstein. The same thing with Rabbi [Arnold]\nGoodman and also with Rabbi [Stephen] Weiss. We have a good personal\nrelationship with him. Feel close to all three of them.\n\nWEINTRAUB: You mentioned Rabbi [Stephen] Weiss. He is--\n\nB.COHEN: He's the associate rabbi of the synagogue right now. Good man, too.\nReal good. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Excellent.\n\nWEINTRAUB: How many associate rabbis have there been at the A.A.?\n\nR.A.COHEN: A lot. [memoirist laughs]\n\nB.COHEN: A lot. There have been a lot of those.\n\nR.A.COHEN: I can probably name those.\n\nB.COHEN: Yes. She knows a lot more about them than I do. Had more contact,\nexcept that, when I see them at services. Because Rae Alice [Cohen] is very\nactive in synagogue activity. As far as activities here, much more than I. But,\nyes, there's several of them that we knew and I still think the world of: Rabbi\n[Raphael] Gold. I'm trying to think of--\n\nR.A.COHEN: [David Hillel] Auerbach.\n\nB.COHEN: [David Hillel] Auerbach, yes.\n\nR.A.COHEN: [Marvin] Richardson.\n\nB.COHEN: [Marvin] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Richardson. I still think the world of Rabbi [Marvin]\nRichardson. He was one of the best. He went-- He moved to Israel.\n\nWEINTRAUB: What influence-- We've had a fair amount of discussion about your\nreligious training as a youngster. What influence has all this religion training\nhad on you personally?\n\nB.COHEN: It's had a profound influence.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Tell me how.\n\nB.COHEN: My whole thoughts revolve around Judaism. I don't know anything else. I\npracticed it and I believe in it, and it has influenced my life. It has\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"influenced our whole family life greatly. To me, it's without-- I don't know\nthat I would even consider myself Jewish without it. I really don't. I think\nthis-- I started off with a family that was profoundly Jewish. Don't forget, my\nfather and mother were very-- My grandmother, avshalom, and my zayde [Yiddish:\ngrandfather, an old man], avshalom, you talk about Jewish. My grandmother\nrefused to--wouldn't speak any English because it was English and no Jewish.\nYes, we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were--the whole family, not just myself. My brother, my sisters, myself,\nmy brother, we were all very well-involved in the Jewish way.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Bernard, why don't we hold it. The tape is about to run out, and I\ncertainly appreciate the-- I surely do appreciate the conversations. It has been\nfun, and I hope we can get together again.\n\nB.COHEN: All right, all right.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Thank you.\n\nB.COHEN: I don't how much more I can add to it, as usual, but I got-- [tape clicks]\n\n[end of tape 1, side 2]\n\n[start of tape 2, side 1]\n\nWEINTRAUB: [tape clicks] It works. This is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Marvin Weintraub interviewing Bernard\nCohen. [memoirist coughs] Today is January 19th, 1995, for the Jewish Oral\nHistory Project of Atlanta. It's co-sponsored by the American Jewish Committee,\nthe Atlanta Jewish Federation, and the National Council of Jewish Women. The\ninterview is taking place in Mr. [Bernard] Cohen's home, and this is tape two,\nside one. Thank you for having me back, Mr. [Bernard] Cohen. What we'd like to\ndo this evening is explore a little bit more just about the background of your\nfamily, and then your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"business, the enterprise you're in. You briefly mentioned\nit last time, but you've been in it now a year or two. Let's see what's occurred\nin the business and how it's been developed over the years. To start with, you\nmentioned your wife last time and the fact that you married in Chicago. Would\nyou mind going into Rae Alice's [Cohen's] maiden name, the background there, and\nher family in Chicago for a moment?\n\nB.COHEN: Well, Rae Alice's [Cohen's] maiden name was Bernstein. Her family lived\nin Chicago. It's an old-time ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family in Chicago, many, many years. The--her\ngrandfather started a business, a furniture business, many years ago. I can't\ntell you how many, but many years ago, and eventually ended up with seven\nstores, seven furniture stores--six, five, because he aimed at seven; he never\ngot to the seventh--because he had seven sons. He wanted his-- I don't know\nwhether he had actually ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"expressed it, but everybody believed that he was trying\ndesperately to leave one store for each son. Even though it later turned out\nthat even though the sons were good businessmen for the most part, they weren't\nso very good on getting along with each other. I don't know if it would have\nworked out or not. It could have. That time only would tell. My father-in-law,\nRae Alice's [Cohen's] father, was a good businessman, and for a long time ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he\nheaded up the whole organization in Chicago. However, I think that during the\ntime when time gets tough, during the late 1928, early 1930s, there was a little\ndissension among the partners and the brothers, and he was--wasn't demoted but\nthey just changed heads, and his brother Joe [Bernstein] became the new head of\nthe department. That made my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"father-in-law a little bit unhappy about the\nchange, and he more or less at that time gradually disassociated himself from\nthe business.\n\nWEINTRAUB: What was the name of the business?\n\nB.COHEN: It was Amber Furniture Company. The brothers who, as I say, they were\nall pretty good businessmen. They weren't--some of them weren't so ambitious,\nbut they had good heads on their shoulders. But they all began changing their\nnames to Amber and Bayer. Bayer was reputedly their name in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany before they\ncame to America.\n\nWEINTRAUB: That would be B-A-E-R?\n\nB.COHEN: B-A-Y-E-R. The-- As I say, the furniture business was prosperous during\nthe early--during the Twenties, but faulted during the Thirties, like all\nbusinesses did. No criticism there. My father-in-law just finally--just decided\nthat he was just going to be inactive in a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sort of a semi-active way. He spent\ntime--took his whole family during--that was during the winter--to California\n[United States]. He didn't like the Chicago winters anyway. But I think his main\nexcuse was just to get away from his brothers. That's a personal opinion. I\ndon't know that's a fact. As far as Rae Alice [Cohen] and I, Rae Alice [Cohen]--\nI met Rae Alice [Cohen] because my very good friend in Atlanta went to--was\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"studying to be a dentist. He went into the Army. Matter of fact, he became a\ndentist, went into the Army. When he came out, he couldn't find a decent--in the\nmeantime, he couldn't find a decent-- I'm telling you a little bit wrong. He\ncouldn't find a decent place to open a business here, so he moved to Chicago.\nBut why did he move to Chicago? Because he had met--in one of his graduate\ncourses at Northwestern, he had met this Chicago girl, and they got ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"married.\nThis Chicago girl was Rae Alice's [Cohen's]--one of Rae Alice's [Cohen's] best\nfriends, So when they first... Zack, and his name was Zack Lifchez. When Zack\n[Lifchez] got out of the Army, he couldn't find a place--an office in Atlanta,\nso he moved to Chicago and opened an office. And then came back to Atlanta. Or\nhave I got it backwards? [memoirist laughs] Anyway.\n\nR.A.COHEN: [Indistinct: 1.09.56]\n\nB.COHEN: Well, I'm confused on the sequence of events. However, let's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"don't turn\nthat thing off. However, let's just reverse that. He was in Atlanta; he got\nmarried, had an office in Atlanta, and Rae Alice [Cohen] came down to visit. I\ndon't care what she says. This is the way it happened.\n\nR.A.COHEN: [Indistinct: 1.10.13]\n\nB.COHEN: She came down to visit. I met her here, and we had a date because they\nfixed us up, to be honest with you. I thought she was the greatest thing ever,\never lived, and I told her, too. I practically proposed marriage on one of the\nfirst dates we ever had. Because ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"she didn't think I was so great, but\nshe--[memoirist laughs]--anyway--\n\nR.A.COHEN: [Indistinct: 1.10.37]\n\nB.COHEN: Anyway, it jelled. We got-- That's how we met, and we got married in\nChicago. Of course, we moved back to Atlanta where my roots were.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Last time you also mentioned one brother and two sisters. Let's talk\nabout your brother later, but you said your sisters were substantially younger\nthan you.\n\nB.COHEN: Yes. Considerably younger. I think be about 12. How many, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"15? About 10\nor 12 years younger than I.\n\nR.A.COHEN: [Indistinct: 1.11.05]\n\nB.COHEN: In one case, and 15 or 18 in another case, the older--the younger\nsister. As I say, I was already 16, 18 years old at the time, and they, as I\nknew them as sisters and we got along real well. Our family always got along\nwell together. But we really didn't have any association because of the\ndifference in age.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Was Betty [Goldstein] the younger or older?\n\nB.COHEN: Betty [Goldstein] was the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"older of the two sisters, by three years I\nthink. That's it, period. We still have a good relationship, get together at all\nthe family--gatherings and holidays and Shabbot, Passover, and [indistinct:\n1.11.45]. We have Passover here. We have the whole family here. We have 49, 50\npeople here for Passover. Uh-huh. We're a pretty close family, pretty close-knit family.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Again Betty's [Goldstein] married name is?\n\nB.COHEN: Betty [Goldstein] married Leon Goldstein. She has five, four ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children,\nand they all live in Atlanta, and all doing well. All real nice kids, already\nhave families, married--with children. Then Harriet [Miller] also has four\nchildren, and unfortunately her husband-- She married Alvin Miller. Her husband\ndied about three years ago, I think. Now she's a widow at the moment. But she\nhas a real nice family. They all live in Atlanta. All of them--located, real\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"solid citizens, the whole bunch. The whole family is just pretty big now because\nof all these grandchildren and et cetera, nephews, nieces.\n\nWEINTRAUB: And you have three children.\n\nB.COHEN: I have three.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Two boys and a girl.\n\nB.COHEN: Two boys and a girl. My daughter lives in Boston [Massachusetts, United\nStates], and the two sons--\n\nWEINTRAUB: Your daughter's name?\n\nB.COHEN: Pardon?\n\nWEINTRAUB: Your daughter's name?\n\nB.COHEN: Dale [Cohen]. She's not married. She never got married. Never could\nfigure out why, but she didn't, and she's a good-looking kid, smart as she can\nbe, very successful. She's got ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"her own consulting business in Boston. Then\nthere's my middle age--middle one, which is Perry [Cohen]. He lives in\nWashington. He has a nice family, and he has his own profession in Washington.\n\nWEINTRAUB: What does he do?\n\nB.COHEN: He's a consultant in the health field. He has a nice practice. He seems\nto be well-located. His wife is Rosalee Mandlebaum. She too has her-- She's a\nclinical social worker. She has her own practice. They have two nice children,\nsome smart little kids, very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"smart. And then there's Alan [Cohen], that's my\nson. He's the oldest, and he's in business with me. He has two children, a boy\nand a girl, both of them just getting out of college. Oh, no, one of them is out\nof college and one is in second year, going into the third, second year, or the\nmiddle of the second year in college. The daughter, my granddaughter, the oldest\nof the two, has just got out of college and she's presently trying to get work\nin her field that satisfies her. She's had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"several little jobs that she's been\ndissatisfied with. That's the family, immediate family. As I said, the--my\noldest son is in business with me. He's doing an excellent job. He's taken over\nthe responsibility of sales for the company, trading. We do a-- Our business is\nlots of trading, and he has developed into an excellent trader, very good.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Let's talk about the business. We've mentioned it. It has never been\nnamed on the tape.\n\nB.COHEN: Well, the name of the business is Central Metals ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Company now. It\nstarted off as the Central Metal and Hide Company. The reason for the \"hide\" was\nwhen we started-- My dad and I started in business together in 1935. Hides, the\nbuying and selling and processing hides, was one of the--the main volume was the\nmain part of our business, which we went out in the country. We had sent a truck\nout in the country. We went with a truck out in the country, and I say we.\nEither he ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"went or I went, but mostly he, out in the country and went to the\nsmall butchers and small abattoirs and purchased hides that they produced. One,\nthey may have produced-- Some of them produced as many as 25 or 30 a week and\nsome of them would produce only one or two a week; bring them in, cure them, and\naccumulate sufficient quantities to interest a tannery, sell them to a tannery\nand ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"deliver to them.\n\nWEINTRAUB: How many tanneries or how many-- Let's start first-- How many hide\ncompanies such as this were in business in Atlanta?\n\nB.COHEN: At that time, there was two in Atlanta: Schoen Brothers and us, one in\nMacon [Georgia, United States], and let's see. There were several little small\nones in-- Well, one in Augusta [Georgia, United States], and one in South\nGeorgia. I think it was in Savannah [Georgia, United States], but they didn't--\nThey weren't in business very long. I don't even remember their names to be\nhonest with you. The one in Macon was quite active. It was much bigger at the\ntime we went into it, by ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"far, did much more business than we did. Then there was\nSchoen, S-C-H-O-E-N, Schoen Brothers in Atlanta that was--had been in the hide\nbusiness--in the hide and tallow for many years, prior to my father and I. Of\ncourse, my father and his brother-in-law were in the hide business during the\nDepression and during--well, from 1915 through 1930, together. So, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they really\nwere in business together for--during that length of time. They bought metal and\nhides. During the 1930s, because of the 1930s, even though they got along well\ntogether, they parted friends and amicably. My father just gave the business,\nwhat was left of the business--there wasn't very much left, I'll admit--to my\nuncle. He got a truck and a driver and went out in the country and was peddling\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hides and whatever he could pick up to make a living. That was in 1931, 1932,\n1933, maybe. Then I had to quit school, prior to that break-up, as did my\ncousin, Leonard Rodbell, to go help in the business. We worked together with my\nuncle and my father. My father was on the road. My uncle stayed there in town,\nbuying and selling metals and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hides on Peter Street. That went on until 1930--\nWell, some of these dates are a little vague-- 1934, 1930, something like that.\nThen my mother said that I just had to--her son just had to finish school, get a\ndiploma. I went back to school, and in a one year's time, finished up, almost\ntwo years that I had left ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"school, and got my diploma. In the meantime, I did\nthat, which that took about six months, I remember. Then I had to have a job\nbecause there was nothing doing. I went around and got a job for--with a-- I'm\ntrying to remember which came first. I'm not even sure, but I'm going to put it\nthis way-- Whether it was first or not I don't remember--with a scrap dealer on\nDecatur Street called Epstein, Harry Epstein. He had a scrap yard--only ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"scrap;\nhe didn't buy hides--on Decatur Street. I worked for him for a short while.\nThings were tough. He finally decided he couldn't afford me. I think probably\nbecause I wasn't worth a damn to him, but I'm not even sure of that. He never\nsaid that. He was very-- In that respect, he was very nice about it, the whole thing.\n\nWEINTRAUB: What year was this?\n\nB.COHEN: This was, give or take, 1933, something like that. Maybe in early 1933\nor maybe early 1934. Then ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I walked the street for a while looking for a job.\nCouldn't find any. Directly across Fulton Street from us there was a Cohen\nfamily that lived there, and they're no relation to us. I'm trying to think of\ntheir name other than Cohen. I know the family, but I can't remember the\nfather's name who at that time is already deceased. Their ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mother was still\nthere. Their son, the Cohen son, Buster--his actual name was Bernard, just like\nmine--had a pawn shop on Mitchell Street. Either my mother talked to his mother\nor they got in a conversation or it was just known through the neighborhood that\nI was looking for a job, and he suggested-- They suggested I go by and ask him\nfor a job, which I did, and he gave me a job working in the pawn shop for the\nprincely ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sum of seven dollars and fifty cents a week. I don't mean to forty\nhours, I mean a week. We came in early and stayed late, and stayed until\nmidnight on Saturday. It was a very slow business to begin with, and the\nDepression was going on, going on. He-- I stayed on with him. I didn't like the\njob at all, but work was work and I tolerated it, and that was it. But then our\ngood President, Mr. [Franklin Delano] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Roosevelt, decided through the NRA\n[National Recovery Administration] that nobody should work over 48 hours a week\nand shouldn't earn less than twelve dollars and fifty cents a week. So, Buster\n[Cohen]-- His name was Bernard Walter Cohen, almost the same as mine, but\neverybody called him Buster. Buster [Cohen] called me in and he says, \"Bernard\n[Cohen], I'm going to have to let you go.\" I worked hard, for what little there\nwas to do. There wasn't that much to do, but I worked hard to do it. I did\neverything I was supposed to do. I wanted that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=4830.0,4860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"job. I said, \"Why?\" He says,\n\"Nobody\"--and I'm using his words--\"Nobody is worth twelve dollars and fifty\ncents a week.\" He says, \"I can't afford it.\" So, I was out of a job. Then I\nwalked the street again for a while looking for work. Then I applied to Albert\nStein, Stein Steel, for a job and he evidently had just-- His brother-in-law, I\nthink, had been working Neiman, had been working for him and had quit and was\ngoing into ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"business for himself someplace in Rockmart [Georgia, United States]\nor something. It so happened he needed someone, and I asked him for a job, and\nhe knew the family, so yes, he put me on. Ten dollars a week, and I didn't work\nnearly as many hours and I got off at two o'clock on Saturday. Didn't have to\nwork all day Saturday. At the pawn shop, I worked until midnight on Saturday.\nSo, I worked for him for ten dollars a week. Then on Saturday afternoon, I got\noff and I worked-- I went and I got a job selling shoes on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Edgewood Avenue at\nBarney's Shoe Store, on commission, five percent commission, to work until\nmidnight there. To be honest with you, before Easter, before Mother's Day, those\nkind of holidays, I made more money from the time that I got off from the scrap\nyard until midnight, that time, than I made all week at the scrap--at the Stein\nSteel. But then I didn't resent that. That's what he-- That's what the going\nwage was. I couldn't-- I didn't--have anything ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"else to do. In the meantime, my\nfather was still on the road with his truck. He kept urging me, \"Let's go into\nbusiness together. Let's go into business together.\" We-- I told-- My dad said,\n\"You give him notice, you know. Do it like a mensch.\" So I went to Albert\n[Stein] and I told him, I says, \"I'm going to give you 30 days' notice.\" He\nsays, \"Why?\" I said, \"Because I'm going into-- Me and my father are going into\nbusiness together.\" He says, \"Well, I think you're making a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mistake,\" or words\nto that effect. Then a week later or less than a week later, he comes to me and\nhe says, \"Bernard.\" He says, \"I think you're making a mistake. Times are tough,\"\net cetera. He says, \"I'm going-- I think you ought to think about it.\" He says,\n\"I can raise you to twenty-five dollars a week.\" Well, that did it. I said to\nmyself, and I didn't say it to him, because I respected Albert [Stein]. Albert\n[Stein] knew the scrap business. I said, \"You son of a gun. If I was worth\ntwenty-five dollars a week today, why didn't you tell me that a week ago? You\nlet me work and work and work, and nothing was mentioned ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=4980.0,5010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about a raise or\nnothing. Matter of fact, not even a pat on the back.\" Not that I wanted a pat on\nthe back. The money is what I wanted. But he convinced me that it was the time,\nreally time to leave. But I worked out my thirty days with him and then--\n\nWEINTRAUB: Did you get a raise in those 30 days?\n\nB.COHEN: No, I didn't get it. I didn't ask for it, either. I do-- Matter of\nfact, I think-- I don't know that I would have; I think I'd have turned it down\nbecause I was kind of upset about that. I really was, because I just felt like\nthe whole time that this was something he should have done ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"himself. I don't know\nwhether I would have done it in his case, but I thought he should have done it.\nNow it's easy for me to talk about him. However, we opened up on Marietta Street.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Before you open that, what did you do at Stein Steel specifically?\nCan you describe it?\n\nB.COHEN: I was in the warehouse. I was in charge of his warehouse.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Uh-huh.\n\nB.COHEN: We bought metals, strictly copper, brass, aluminum, lead. I had one\nother man under me. I was the boss, had a man under me. I was the boss. I broke\nthe batteries and I baled the cotton and I did all the work that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=5040.0,5070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this Black man\ndid. His name was Frenchman Napier, strong as a mule. Smart man, too. Knew the\nmetal business backward. Now let me point out something. I complained about\nAlbert [Stein] and his pay, but he taught me the scrap business. He and\nFrenchman [Napier] knew metal. They knew the scrap business. My daddy, avshalom\n[Hebrew: father of peace], knew lots about hide. He did know nothing about\nmetal. He thought he did, but he really didn't. But I really got an education\nthere. I didn't realize I was getting an education. It was just one of those\nsituations you had to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do. But they really--and he knew the business. He taught\nme by osmosis, the business. I mean, it just sunk in. But anyway, I quit and we\nopened up a place on Marietta Street, 770--\n\nR.A.COHEN: 750.\n\nB.COHEN: 750, yes, maybe it was.\n\nR.A.COHEN: 772.\n\nB.COHEN: 772 Marietta Street, which is not too far from where our place is now.\nThat was in 1935, in November of 1935. We stayed ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=5100.0,5130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there, and dad still had his\ntruck, still went on the road, and he bought some hides. We put the hides in the\nback of this little store. It was a little grocery store that we rented and it\nhad a little back yard. Didn't have any front yard at all. It was just a plain\nold--used to had been a shop or something. I say it was a grocery store. It\nmight have been some other kind of store, but it was right next door to a\ngrocery store. Reisman owned it. We only had one ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"employee and then myself. We\nbought hides-- We didn't-- We brought in very few hides there because people\ndidn't bring them in. But dad brought the hides in from the country. We bought\naluminum, copper, brass, rags. Bought lots of rags. We were the only people in\ntown--this happened by accident--that bought rags on that side of town. No\nother-- There was a scrap dealer over there, but he never bought any rags.\nEverybody, all, everybody at that time--the majority of people at that time were\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=5160.0,5190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"either broke or onto welfare, especially the Black people in town. But they--\nLots of people used push carts, and they went around peddling. They picked up\nrags; they picked up iron; they picked up copper, brass, whatever they could on\na push cart, then bring them in. A dollar, five dollars, three cents, fifty\ncents, and sell it. They would just make enough to eat, I suppose, or a little\nbit more. We were the only ones that were buying rags on that side of town. In\norder to sell rags anywhere else, they had to go with that push ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=5190.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cart and go from\nMarietta Street, which is, to give you an example, was about twenty blocks\nbefore you got to--maybe thirty blocks, I would say, to the nearest place that\nbought rags on Decatur Street. To push a push cart with rags that kind of\ndistance, nobody was really--wanted to do it. They'd do it because they had to\nsell it somewhere. We started buying it and so they started bringing rags in to\nus. We were-- You don't have to be smart. You have to have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=5220.0,5250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mazal [Yiddish:\nluck]. Rags at that time were like nothing. We were paying twenty-five cents for\na hundred pounds, half a cent a pound if it was a little bit better quality. But\nwe weren't-- We were getting very rich too, we're selling it for three-quarters\na cent. We were barely making it. But then all of a sudden the Japanese started\nbuying rags because they began making-- They decided that they were going to\nmake wipers out of them, wiping rags out of them, and then salvage clothes out\nof them. So the price jumped from where we were getting three-quarter of a cent\nor a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=5250.0,5280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cent a pound for them, we'd start getting two and a half, three cents a\npound for them. I mean, we felt like millionaires. We started making money right\naway without having any brains at all; we just happened to be there. We started\nmaking a little money and we, and I say, between 1935 and 1937-- Got rich? No,\nbut we were making pretty good money for the times. Pretty good for the times.\nAnd then Mother's Day, 1937, we went home and we got a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=5280.0,5310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"notice from the telephone\ncall. The-- Our place of business was on fire. This was Sunday. Ran down there\nlike crazy, and our place was a real [indistinct: 1.28.40]. I mean, a\n[indistinct: 1.28.41]. The fireman-- The roof had burned out. The fireman up in\nthere and everything. Not a nickel's worth of insurance. The poor schlemiel\n[Yiddish: an incompetent person or fool] that owned the business, not a nickel's\nworth of insurance. Nobody knows how it started. So, there we were. We were out\nof business again. Dad still had his truck, so we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=5310.0,5340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cleaned out whatever we could\nout of that place, and then I went to walking the streets. Now this time I\nwasn't looking for another job. I was looking for another place to open if I\ncould find it, and also started buying scrap from industrial accounts,\nfactories, automobile agencies, whoever might produce it. Rather than wait for\nthem to bring it to a yard, I proposed to pick it up and buy it on the spot. I\nhad an old-- We purchased an old federal ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=5340.0,5370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tuck which was vintage from World War\nI, solid wheels, big jalopy. Went about eight miles an hour, but there was no\nway to overload it. You could just load it just as high as you wanted to and\nit'd go. It never would falter. Slow as molasses, but that was our whole, the\nwhole modus operandi [Latin: mode of operations]. When I wanted to get something\nmoved, I'd go out and hire somebody. We didn't hire-- Didn't have no labor; we\ndidn't have anybody. I walked the streets there for a while doing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=5370.0,5400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that. Then I\nsaw Mr. [Bill] Melnick. Now Mr. [Bill] Melnick was in the scrap business, and\nhis son is still in scrap business in Atlanta. He had a place on DeKalb Avenue.\nHe saw me and he said-- Mr. [Bill] Melnick was not-- I won't say he wasn't well\nthought of, but people kind of looked-- Some people looked down on him. I never\ndid. Some people kind of looked down on him because he didn't keep himself too\npresentable. He was a good businessman, smart. He knew his way around. He saw me\none ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=5400.0,5430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"day, and he says, \"Bernard\"--and he talked with a kind of accent--he said,\n\"What are you doing?\" I said, \"What am I doing?\" I said, \"I'm going place to\nplace trying, to buy a little scrap.\" He says, \"Come with me.\" He says, \"I show\nyou something.\" So, he takes me right next door to him--and this is an unusual\nhuman being--right next door to him. Now, he's in the scrap business. He's a\ncompetitor. There's a little place, a little barn-like place that was empty. He\nsays, \"Would you like that?\" I said, \"Yes.\" I said, \"Anything.\" I says, \"How\nmuch is it?\" He says, \"I don't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=5430.0,5460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know.\" He says, \"Miss Verna\"--the guy that he was\nrenting from, the lady that he was renting--\"owns it and we'll see.\" He gets\nover there and he negotiates with her for--this is an unusual person--for ten\ndollars a month, and he gets me a place next door to him. Now, I'm a competitor.\nNow, you don't see many human beings like that. You're talking about Jewish\npeople not being kind and considerate. That's the--just the extreme opposite.\nAnyway, to make a long story very short, much shorter, he would take--he would\ncome by. He'd see me working ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=5460.0,5490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out there, getting some stuff ready. He'd call me.\n\"What are you doing?\" \"I don't know. I'm doing,\" So, \"Come with me.\" I'd get in\nhis car. We'd go out and look at something, a covered sale or something. He\nwould look at it. We'd talk about it. He would figure out the price. He would\npay for it, and he would send his truck, and fetch it, pay it, sell it, and come\nback. In about a week or two weeks or whatever, later he'd come back, he'd give\nme fifty dollars, a hundred dollars, whatever you want. I said, \"What is this\nfor?\" he said, \"You remember we went?\" \"Yes.\" \"This is your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=5490.0,5520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"share.\" That's the\nkind of guy he was. I mean, I can't figure out why, but he just felt that I\nneeded some help, that's all. He was making his mind; he was going to help me.\nHis son is still in business in Atlanta, William Melnick, on Ridge Avenue, in\nthe scrap business, too. He has a scrap business. But Mr. Melnick, Bill, died\nmany years ago. Well, anyway, in 1930, 1940, 1941, 1940, 1941, a place became\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=5520.0,5550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"empty that another scrap deal on Marietta Street, about three blocks further\nnorth than we were, where our fire had been, maybe not even quite three blocks.\nBecame empty. He had moved and opened up ad place further down, and it was\nempty. I heard about it. I went up there and I rented it right away. Now here's\na place that had already been a scrap yard, had a scale on it. Didn't have to\nput in a scale in. We rented that. That was in 1935, no, no, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=5550.0,5580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1937, 1937.\n\nWEINTRAUB: You said 1941 a moment ago, 1940, 1941.\n\nB.COHEN: Huh?\n\nR.A.COHEN: [Indistinct: 1.33.06]\n\nB.COHEN: When did I say our fire?\n\nWEINTRAUB: No, it had to be after--\n\nB.COHEN: When did I say 1941 is right? 1937--\n\nWEINTRAUB: Because the fire was 1937.\n\nB.COHEN: 1937, yes. 1941 is correct, yes. In 1941, we moved there. We stayed\nthere. Things went along pretty good. Our business improved mightily. Volume got\nbigger, and we always managed some way to make a buck. I mean, where we were\nmaking money, even if it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=5580.0,5610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wasn't big money, but we always managed to make it. Dad\nwas a good businessman and I learned pretty quick from him, and I already knew\nthe scrap business what from [Albert] Stein and through Mr. [Harry] Epstein. So,\nit was just a natural for us, and we had a location. And then in-- I'm trying to\nremember these dates. I'm a little confused about the exact dates. One day, a\nman came by, real estate agent, and he said there was a place for sale about\nthree blocks down, a much bigger ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=5610.0,5640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"place, and would we be interested in it. Daddy\nand I were there together at that moment because dad-- I don't know why dad was\nin at that time but he was, and he said, \"Yes, yes, we'd take--\" We said, \"Yes,\nwe'd be interested. How much you want for it?\" He said, I'll never forget this,\n\"$17,500.\" Bernard's [Cohen's] always trained if somebody asked you for 17, you\nnever pay him 17, you pay him less, you offer less anyway. I says, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=5640.0,5670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Well, we\ncan-- We might think something about maybe $15,000.\" My dad shut his eye. He\nsays, \"Where do we sign?\" Because that was one of the world's biggest bargain.\nWe had tried several, a year or so before that to buy one-third of that place\nfor much more money. The guy that owned it turned it down. But he died, and his\nfamily wanted to move it. They put it on the market. Now, I don't know why-- How\nthey come up with this number. The real estate agent must have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=5670.0,5700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"advised them what\nto do. He--dad knew what the prices were and what he had tried to buy it for,\nand he jumped on it. We're still there today, you know. That's where we are today.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Still on Marietta Street?\n\nB.COHEN: Still on Marietta Street, same--that location. We closed the other\nlocation down and moved over there-- Later, not immediately, but about a year\nlater. Things kept on going. We kept improving a little bit. In the meantime,\nI'd been married and I managed to stay ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=5700.0,5730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out of the Army pretty good. But then\nwe're getting closer. So, I took a test to get into the Navy, because I didn't\nwant to go into the infantry, and passed. At that time, now that I passed, I had\nto go. I was-- That was in 1945. [memoirist laughs] I went into the Navy at\nGreat Lakes. In the meantime, Rae Alice [Cohen] and my sister came in to help my\ndad out. They hated it with a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=5730.0,5760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"passion, but they stayed there a while to help.\nBut I stayed in the Navy a very short while because the war got over. I was out\nin-- Huh?\n\nR.A.COHEN: [Indistinct: 1.36.12]\n\nB.COHEN: About ten months later. The war was over, and then they began-- They\ndidn't want to train me anymore. I'd stayed in the program pretty good, but I\nwasn't going to get out of that program, because once you got out of the program\nfor training, you had to go to sea. I didn't want to get on no ship.\n\nWEINTRAUB: You didn't want to get sea sick?\n\nB.COHEN: That wasn't for a Jewish boy. [memoirist laughs] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=5760.0,5790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But anyway, they\nmustered me out, and I came back. They ran like crazy, and I don't blame them.\nThen dad and I went into it with a real vim, vigor, and vitality. Went for\nbusiness. Then it was after the war and things began to open up. In the\nmeantime, my brother Gerald [Cohen] had-- He was working in Anniston [Alabama,\nUnited States] in a foundry. I thought he had a good job at the foundry. He was\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=5790.0,5820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there. I mentioned, he came to Atlanta quite often from Anniston.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Well, let me ask-- We talked about your sisters earlier. How much\nyounger is Gerald [Cohen] than you?\n\nB.COHEN: Three years.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Three years younger?\n\nB.COHEN: Uh-huh.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Give me his background, Bernard [Cohen].\n\nB.COHEN: Well, Gerald's [Cohen's] background-- He was-- Gerald [Cohen] is an\nexceptionally bright human being, was and still is. Very smart in school. Kind\nof guy that went through-- Because I had to quit school, but the fact that I was\nworking and dad was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=5820.0,5850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"working, the family kept him in school because my folks\nbelieved that Jewish people particularly had to have an education. They really\nsincerely believed it and we kept Gerald [Cohen] in school. He went to Emory and\nmade unbelievable high marks all the way through Emory. 98 average, that kind of\naverage. He graduated as a--in the chemistry. But then he went to work for this\nfoundry. I don't think chemistry had a lot to do with it, but he got it. I think\none of the reasons he got the job because of his ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=5850.0,5880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"background, his educational\nbackground. Then, as I say, I came back to work and we really needed--\n\nR.A.COHEN: [Indistinct: 1.38.07]\n\nB.COHEN: Huh?\n\nR.A.COHEN: [Indistinct: 1.38.08]\n\nB.COHEN: Yes, that's right. While I was still in the Navy, I talked Gerald\n[Cohen], into say, forgetting that damn job down there an come on in as a\npartner in our business. He didn't have no money. He didn't have to have no\nmoney. All he had to do was be there. He was family. Family with us is family.\nHe came into the business. Then when I got back out of the Navy, now the three\nof us, dad, myself and--\n\nWEINTRAUB: Let's stop here and pick it up because the tape's about to run out.\n\nB.COHEN: All ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=5880.0,5910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"right.\n\nWEINTRAUB: We'll get the modern story on part two.\n\nB.COHEN: All right.\n\n[tape clicks]\n\nR.A.COHEN: I should--\n\n[end of tape 2, side 1]\n\n[start of tape 2, side 2]\n\nWEINTRAUB: This is side two, type two. Today is January 19th, 1995, and the\ninterview is Mr. Bernard Cohen. We were talking-- We had brought your business\nup to 1945, 1946, that particular time frame. Your brother had come in. You were\nin and out of the Navy. Why don't we pick it up. In fact, you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=5910.0,5940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said your wife and\nsister had worked there for a little bit, and they were delighted to get out of\nthe business.\n\nB.COHEN: Yes, very delighted.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Pick it up from there, please.\n\nB.COHEN: Well, then from that point on, first place, as far as the business was\nconcerned, being a veteran qualified me to buy from Uncle Sam. Competitive bids,\nbut still buy. There was equipment for one thing. The first crane we ever\nbought, which the crane we use to transport and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=5940.0,5970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"handle very heavy pieces of\niron, was from the government. I bought it from right here in Atlanta, no,\nConley [Georgia, United States], right outside of Atlanta--Conyers [Georgia,\nUnited States], not Conley--Conyers, on a government sale. Without that\nveteran's license, so to speak--it's not a license, veteran's permit--to buy, I\nprobably wouldn't have purchased it because you couldn't buy any new equipment\nin town, not that we could afford it. We couldn't afford a new one if we could\nbuy it. But it just ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=5970.0,6000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wasn't available. I wouldn't have been able to get this\nparticular piece because there were lots of people that wanted it, but they\ncouldn't buy it because they didn't have the necessary qualifications as a\nveteran. We bought it, and that was our first real major piece of equipment. It\nwas a big help. It really was a big help. We trained one of our employees how to\nhandle it. He knew-- He didn't--\n\nWEINTRAUB: How many employees did you have at this time?\n\nB.COHEN: Well, when I'm telling you is conversation, for sure I don't know, but\nit must have been ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=6000.0,6030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ten.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Okay.\n\nB.COHEN: Pretty close to ten anyway. Maybe a little more, maybe a little less,\nbut probably around ten at that time. We gradual-- We went from one truck to\nseveral trucks. We kept buying hides for a short while. We couldn't keep the\nhides on Marietta Street at all because the odors made it objectionable. We-- My\nfather ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=6030.0,6060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"knew Mr. Zipperman who--and Mr. Fogel. They were partners, who were in\nthe Atlanta Tallow company, owned and operate the Atlanta Tallow Company, in a\nlittle area not too far from where our place of business was, but was off the\nbeaten path. They were in the tallow business, which itself was not a very\npleasant business to be around because for the odors. They had a little shack\nlike there that they weren't using right on this same property. My dad-- ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=6060.0,6090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mr.\nZipperman, avshalom, saw dad one day and dad mentioned the fact that he was\nlooking for a place. He says, \"Come on over,\" he says, \"See what-- You look at\nthis place and see if you like it.\" So he went over there and he said, yes, he\nthink he could use it just to store the hides. He couldn't keep it open for a\nplace of business but just for storage. So, Mr. Zipperman-- Jewish people are\nfunny. He says, \"All right. It's yours.\" He says, \"How much?\" He says, \"Nothing.\"\n\nWEINTRAUB: Didn't question it.\n\nB.COHEN: That's it. You use it. Gesundheit [German: bless you (said after a sneeze)].\n\nWEINTRAUB: Excuse me.\n\nB.COHEN: So we used it-- ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=6090.0,6120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gesundheit. We kept buying hides. He did most of it.\nWell, I bought a little at the place. Not too many brought in, but the majority\nwent out and picked up. We would put them in this little shack, salt them down,\ncure them, get a car load or a trailer load, whichever case we happened to be\nselling, and prepare them for shipment. When you prepare hides for shipment, you\nhave to first beat the salt off of them--salt us used for curing--because the\ntannery didn't want to buy ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=6120.0,6150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"salt. All they wanted to buy was hides. Then on top\nof that they had to be inspected for quality. The tannery would send down a\nperson or they would have a broker to come in and they would inspect each hide\nas it was being prepared for shipment. I, my job, of course, and my dad's job,\nand Gerald [Cohen] used to stay--well, we took turns more or less--would stay\ndown on Marietta Street while we would stay with them and fight with them about\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=6150.0,6180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"quality and it was conversation going back and forth about quality. \"This is no\ngood. This is no good. This is good,\" and so forth. There was lots of\nconversation. We'd get through with that and we'd sell a car load and wait--\nWe'd get about 50 percent of your money down and a week or two later when the\nthings arrived you'd get the balance of your money. It was a pretty good\nbusiness. We made a profit.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Who bought it? Where did you sell them?\n\nB.COHEN: We sold them to the tannery. It might be sold through a broker to the\ntannery, but it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=6180.0,6210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"went to the tannery. The broker may have got a commission either\nfrom us or from the tannery, but the tannery was the buyer. It wasn't a broker.\n\nWEINTRAUB: You know where the tanneries were located?\n\nB.COHEN: Yes. Colonial, in Boston-- Not in the city of Boston, but they were in\nthe Boston area there. I don't know where myself; I've never been there. We sold\nmost of them to them. Then there was--what was it? A Bona Allen Company in\nBuford, Georgia. They bought heavy bull hides ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=6210.0,6240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and heavy horse hides. They didn't\nbuy any of the better quality hides because they made real rough leather. We\nsold all of them to them. Dad and old man Bona Allen came to be pretty good\nbuddies. They did business together. We probably handled more horse hides and\ncow hides than anybody in the State of Georgia, and bull hides. I mean, not cow\nhides--bull hides, than anybody in the State of Georgia because we had that\nconnection with Bona Allen Company. We did ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=6240.0,6270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that for a good while. When we were\nat the old place on Marietta Street, we used to store some of the hides in the\nback, and it was terrible. People-- We were right next door to the grocery\nstore. He couldn't stand it-- Old man Reisman couldn't stand it an the neighbors\nwould come running by and they would start holding their nose, and the whole\nbit. So we couldn't-- We know we couldn't do that anymore. That's why we went\nover there to the tallow company. We stayed on. We ran hides for a while. But\nfinally, we decided no more. It's no good anymore. So we just gave up, just\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=6270.0,6300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"quit, cold quit.\n\nWEINTRAUB: In approximately what year?\n\nB.COHEN: Pardon?\n\nWEINTRAUB: What year?\n\nB.COHEN: Oh, I don't know. Must have been-- I have no idea. Four or five years\nafter I got back from the Navy, and that was it. It was just pain cold quit,\njust gave it up. Didn't try to sell it to nobody, just closed it up. Closed that\npart of it up. But in the meantime, the metal business kept growing. It's just a\nquestion of fooling with that. Then another thing, we'd get dad off the road,\ntoo. I didn't want him on the road anymore. I used to go on the road, too,\noccasionally. I wasn't particularly-- I didn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=6300.0,6330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dislike it, but I didn't\nparticularly cotton to it either, this staying on the road, on the truck. But as\nI say, you did what you had to do then, that's all. So, we quit that. We kept\nimproving scrap business. It went from, I would say, about from a single\nemployee on Marietta Street when we first--when the place first opened up, to\ngradual increase in business and equipment to now; we cover two city blocks on\nboth sides of the street. Well, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=6330.0,6360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no, the equivalent of three city blocks, two on\none side of the street and one on the other and we have well over a hundred\nemployees now. I don't know how many myself. Three branches other than what we\nhave--had four. Had to close one of them because it was [indistinct: 1.46.16]. I\nwould say probably one of the, in volume, biggest scrap operations in the area,\nin the state. Not the biggest, because I can't measure any of them. But I'm\ncertainly not the biggest but one of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=6360.0,6390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the biggest. It's been interesting and rewarding.\n\nWEINTRAUB: You talked about when you worked for-- I have to stop and think who\nit was who taught you the business. [Albert] Stein?\n\nB.COHEN: Stein, Albert Stein, yes,\n\nWEINTRAUB: The one who taught you the business, as to how you broke a battery\ndown, briefly.\n\nB.COHEN: Oh, that was very easy. You picked them up in your hands and you threw\nit down a piece of steel.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Uh-huh.\n\nB.COHEN: And it broke.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Well, how do you handle batteries today?\n\nB.COHEN: Yes.\n\nWEINTRAUB: How do you break them down today?\n\nB.COHEN: Today, we don't. We sell them whole.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Someone else breaks them down?\n\nB.COHEN: Somebody else breaks them, yes. Somebody else's equipment to break\nthem, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=6390.0,6420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"essentially, not like we used to break them.\n\nWEINTRAUB: How would-- Where do you sell them to break them down today. Do you know?\n\nB.COHEN: I'm not even too sure of how they do it today, but my guess is they\nsend it to something and they put a thing on it and pull the shelves out, turn\nthe battery upside down and get the little lead out of that, and--the box, I\nmean--and work from that point. But we don't fool with it. We won't open a\nbattery under any circumstances. First place, it's messy, and in the second\nplace, it's something that's not desirable and you can't keep any of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=6420.0,6450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people\nif the-- If you try to keep them, they won't--don't want to do that. We avoid it\nwhere possible. We'll turn down batteries unless the customer sells us other\nmaterials. A man comes with batteries only, we won't buy it.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Tell me what materials you're buying.\n\nB.COHEN: Copper, brass, aluminum, zinc, lead, as we just pointed out. Magnesium,\nscrap iron, iron, various grades of iron. Then we buy whole automobiles, make\nlittle ones out of it, little pieces. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=6450.0,6480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Essentially if it's made out of metal, for\nthe most part, we'll buy it. Don't care what it is, really. We have, really the\nlatest kind of machinery to deal with it. We had one crane back in 1940,\nwhatever, 1945. We must have eight now. We have a big hydraulic shear. Where we\nused to have a little alligator shear, we have one hydraulic shear, big,\nhumongous thing. It'll take a piece of iron, an I-beam, and it'll shear nibblets\nout of it in short ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=6480.0,6510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"order. We have a machine that'll take a whole automobile and\nmake chunks out of it. Make a whole automobile in a minute. It becomes small\npieces of iron. We have a press that'll take any kind of a metal, a whole\nautomobile, a half automobile body, and make bundles out of it. You've seen\nGoldfinger movie, that type of equipment. Then our non-ferrous operation,\ncopper, brass, and aluminum. We have an automated baler. We're baling that\nmaterial up. We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=6510.0,6540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have sophisticated equipment for testing to tell what kind of\nmetals it is. Fork lifts, front-end loaders. If it's made for equipment, we've\ngot two of them because one of them is going to always break down.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Did-- Have you learned to use all this modern technology?\n\nB.COHEN: Pardon?\n\nWEINTRAUB: Have you learned to use all this modern--\n\nB.COHEN: I know how they use it. I don't try to use it. Gerald [Cohen], my\nbrother, knows how to use it. He's a good mechanic. Oh, I forgot to tell you\nabout that one ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=6540.0,6570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"part of our business which was-- It's interesting, I suppose.\nBecause we have the type of trucks--I've probably got around do it, by the\nway--we have the type of trucks that pick up containers. We leave them at a\ncustomer's place. They put their metals in it. We bring it empty and pick up a\nfull one and pay them for the scrap--[memoirist coughs]--providing them with a\nservice place and with us a convenient method of hauling, an economical method\nof hauling it and a service to the customer, so it works out real ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=6570.0,6600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well. But due\nto the fact that we had this type of equipment, we noticed that some people in\nthe city of Atlanta were putting out similar type of equipment just to pick up\ngarbage, paper or trash, paper or scrap wood, whatever they wanted to haul to\nthe dump. They were charging for it. Gerald [Cohen] and I talked to each other\nand said, look, here we call on the same people. Bring out a few more containers\nand do the same thing. Then we're saying, well, why not. We started hauling\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=6600.0,6630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"garbage against competitors. Then they came out with more sophisticated\nequipment for handling garbage and this stuff, the front-end loaders with the\ncompactor trucks that they keep on this thing. You see them today, much improved\nfrom ours but still the same idea. Then this became a tremendous operation. But\nso fact--so much so that we couldn't afford it. We couldn't finance it. It was\njust too expensive. The equipment was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=6630.0,6660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so expensive. We went to the bank and\nthen--C\u0026S Bank at the time--who had a branch right next door to us, one of, a\nbranch office. Buddy Fisher was the manager, and I went in to him. That was my\nbusiness. My business was always to take care of finances of the business.\nThat's my specialty. Went in to him, mentioned the fact that we might need to be\nstart borrowing a little money. He says, \"Sure, sure.\" Didn't ask you any\nquestions or nothing, just starting loaning you money. We kept borrowing money\nas fast as we could and expanding like ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=6660.0,6690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"crazy in the garbage business. He came to\nme one day and he said, \"Mr. Lane\"--Mills Lane, that was the big--the president\nof the bank--\"has just called us to a meeting.\" He says, \"We're going to have to\nstart cutting back.\" I said, \"What do you mean?\" He said, \"You're going to have\nto start paying back some of this loan.\" I never would. Never paid him a dime\nback. Kept borrowing more. Gave him interest, of course. I said, \"Buddy, ain't\nno way. Ain't no way.\" He says, \"Why?\" I said, \"We're expanding too fast.\" He\nsaid, \"I'm sorry, Bernard [Cohen], but you got to. They done told me.\" I said,\n\"Let me think about it. Let me ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=6690.0,6720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"think about it.\" In the meantime, as I say, we\nhad already bought a couple of competitors out that were doing the same thing.\nThis thing, the garbage business had become much bigger than the scrap business.\nMuch bigger. At that time, Browning-Ferris and Waste Management had begun to go\nnational, and they were buying garbage businesses all over the United States,\nand in some cases, all over the world. They had been buying and buying, didn't\ncare what it was. Then everybody wanted to come to Atlanta. They ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=6720.0,6750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"started nosing\naround Atlanta. They-- We, happened at the time, had just bought two of our\ncompetitors. One, we bought because he just retired and we just bought it. He\ndidn't have the small business, we bought it. The other one, he didn't know how\nto manage his business, this McWhorter. He was a pretty good old yokel but he\njust liked his Schnapps pretty good, didn't like to work too hard. But, in the\nmeantime, because he was alone in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=6750.0,6780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"business before we got involved, he had a\npicnic and he had built up a pretty good business. But he did it all on borrowed\ncapital. He didn't have any money. But then when it came time to pay the\nequipment people, he was in trouble because he spent the money on personal\nliving or whatever. I don't know what he spent it on. But he didn't have money\nto pay it back. So he got into trouble, financial trouble. Finally, we bought\none little old route form him. But then he got into such trouble, they threw him\ninto Chapter 11. Then he ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=6780.0,6810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was--got to the point where they had to do something.\nHe was in Chapter 11 for a very short while. It was unusually short, being in\nChapter 11, in my opinion. Because I think he was going downhill pretty fast.\nDidn't have no reserves at all. I went to the court to find out what was going\non and made a tentative deal with the people at the court to buy it. We\nnegotiated for six hundred and some odd thousand dollars, the whole shebang,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=6810.0,6840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"routes, equipment, the whole thing. Agreed to pay their principle, the fellow\nthat owned the principle credit. Then that was easy to make the agreement, but\nnow you got to pay for it. Right? [memoirist and interviewer laugh] There ain't\nno way. Ain't no way. That's when I went to Buddy Fisher and--that was before\nthey got tight. I told him, \"Buddy [Fisher], I'm going to need this money.\" I\nshowed him why and so forth. He said, \"All right. Okay.\" No committee ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=6840.0,6870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"meeting,\nno nothing. We owed him a bunch of money. \"All right.\" I had all right. Now I\nbought it. Shortly thereafter, that's when he came back. In the meantime, we\ntook this business and just opened, just picked up all these rotes and we\ncleaned the trucks a little bit and got it going pretty good and started making\nmoney right away. We never lost any money from it, never. Any-- I lost my train\nof thought there. Oh, yes. Browning-Ferris and Waste Management was expanding\nlike crazy. Both of them came to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=6870.0,6900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"town looking to buy some scrap, some garbage\nbusiness. Naturally, they had to call on us because at that time we had already\ngotten the cream of the business. Then they started vying with each other, big,\nfor this thing. It finally got down to the point, and it was several big bucks.\nIt got down to the point where they were both the same price practically. We had\nto make the decision what to do. So the guys from Chicago came down. That was\nWaste Management. I'll tell Rae ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=6900.0,6930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Alice [Cohen] this so many times, and where\nthey--the people in Chicago had a reputation where if they came from Chicago,\nregardless of whether you deserved it or not, you're automatically racketeers.\nTo be in the garbage business in Chicago--[indistinct: 1.55.44]--are really\nracketeers in everybody's mind. Whether they were or not didn't matter. They may\nhave been. I don't know. I don't think they were, but I didn't know them well.\nSo anyway, they sat down in the office. And these guys came in. One of them was\nWayne Huizenga. Wayne Huizenga is the guy that owns ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=6930.0,6960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Blockbuster and the Miami\nDolphins and another sports team. Mr. Wayne Huizenga and his boss--I can't think\nof his name--the president of the company, came down and tried to persuade us to\ngo with him instead of Browning-Ferris. They made a mistake. They came in and\nWayne Huizenga had a white shirt and black tie on. We already had the idea of\nMafia. I looked at Gerald [Cohen] and we talked to them real nice, told them\nwe'd let them know. The price, as I say, was almost ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=6960.0,6990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"identical. I said, \"Gerald\n[Cohen].\" Gerald said, \"Bernard [Cohen].\" He said, \"That's bad news, those two\nguys. They've got to be Mafia, right? We've got to stay away from them. Let's go\nto these guys in Houston.\" We went with the guys in Houston. Now, neither one\nwould have been a bad deal. But let me tell you something. This Wayne Huizenga\nand this Waste Management really went to town, and Browning-Ferris didn't do too\nbad. But these guys, this [Wayne] Huizenga guy, he must be worth a billion\ndollars today. He was a guy that I was scared to even talk ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=6990.0,7020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to.\n\nWEINTRAUB: What year was that?\n\nB.COHEN: I don't--\n\nR.A.COHEN: [Indistinct: 1.57.03]\n\nB.COHEN: 15 more, about 20 years ago. That's a guess.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Did you still keep the name, just Central Metals or did you change it\nto Metals and Garbage?\n\nB.COHEN: No, no. They changed it to-- We-- No, we had a different name for the\ngarbage business all along. We called it Disposal Waste. They changed the name\nimmediately to BFI, Brown Ferris Industries, because they had this corporate\nimage to keep up. They were on the big board and they had to keep it up. Anyway,\nthat was the garbage ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=7020.0,7050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"business. As I say, it was good. It was fine. It was hard\nwork. We worked hard. We worked long. Then we didn't have to worry about the\nbank. They paid the bank. [memoirist laughs]\n\nWEINTRAUB: They paid the bank.\n\nB.COHEN: They paid the bank. That was-- I say, it was just, when-- You don't\nhave to be smart. You have to be lucky. Because God was looking out for us. We\nnever could have paid the bank.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Let me-- You indicated you were the financial man in the firm.\n\nB.COHEN: Yes, I was, yes.\n\nWEINTRAUB: And--\n\nB.COHEN: Gerald [Cohen] was the technical man, the equipment man, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=7050.0,7080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the procedures\nman. Let me tell you something. Couldn't be-- you couldn't get anybody better\nthan him if you paid him double. He was good. He was a good steward. He was\nreally-- He knows his business. He's solid as a rock and he thinks straight all\nthe time. Still does today. He's unusual.\n\nWEINTRAUB: You still are both are active in the business?\n\nB.COHEN: Oh, yes. Every day.\n\nWEINTRAUB: What are your sons doing?\n\nB.COHEN: Well, Alan [Cohen] is in charge of all the sales, material, all trading\nof any kind, hedging ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=7080.0,7110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the exchange or whatever when we buy and sell. We hedge\nmost of our higher-priced materials. Gerald's [Cohen's] son is in the business,\nand he is manager of all operations, the yard operation, truck operation, et\ncetera, oversees or does most of the overseeing. The majority, the vast majority\nof the people are under his direct supervision. Marty, Marty Kogon, is Gerald's\n[Cohen's] son-in-law, and he's in charge of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=7110.0,7140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"office, the procedures, the\ncomputerizing of the company, labor relations, political endeavors, talk to the\nbanks et cetera. He's good.\n\nWEINTRAUB: What's Gerald's son's name?\n\nB.COHEN: Gerald's son is Mark, Mark Cohen. Marty is his son-in-law, Marty Kogon.\nThat's it. That's the whole bunch. Gerald [Cohen] and I, we just-- We don't have\nany title. If you want to call it anything, we just call ourselves consultants.\n\nWEINTRAUB: It's nice that title ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=7140.0,7170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came into existence.\n\nB.COHEN: Yes, it's good. It gives you a title. We still have our same office as\nwe ever had. We have our say so if we want to say something. They run the\nbusiness. By the way, they own 100 percent of the stock in the business. They\nstill listen pretty good, good operators, very modern in their outlook, and\ndoing a bang-up good job.\n\nWEINTRAUB: A 100 percent family-owned stock company.\n\nB.COHEN: 100 percent, right.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Incorporated then?\n\nB.COHEN: It's incorporated, yeah. 100 ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=7170.0,7200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"percent family owned. They got big ideas.\nWe have three branches now. If it had been up to them, there'd be 43, but I\ndon't really like it too much. But they-- I think they kind of got a little\nquiet on that. They-- One of the places they closed up, they saw that it wasn't\nso--yeah, yeah, yeah.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Where are the branches?\n\nB.COHEN: All of them in Atlanta.\n\nWEINTRAUB: All in Atlanta.\n\nB.COHEN: The Atlanta area. Not next to us, but different parts of Atlanta. I say\nAtlanta, but, you know, suburbs of Atlanta. I call it Atlanta. Norcross\n[Georgia, United States], ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=7200.0,7230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Marietta [Georgia, United States]. But it's going now.\nIt's pretty well, pretty active. As I say, we have over, well over a 100 people\nnow, all the modern conveniences, all the perks, profit sharing, you name it.\nThey've pretty all--\n\nWEINTRAUB: Let me explore-- You mentioned Marty [Kogon] does--at least with the--\n\nB.COHEN: Oh, so we also--[memoirist laughs]-- I forgot about this. We were also\nin the computer business. That's where Marty's [Kogon] expertise is. That during\nthis time ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=7230.0,7260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before--about the time we were in the garbage business, the same time,\nwe were in the computer business. We had payroll business, payroll service. Had\na pretty good business. It got to be pretty good. We were making money. Marty\n[Kogon] had to have-- Marty [Kogon] had to head-- It was his expertise. Marty\n[Kogon] headed that up. It got to a point where we could either go bigger in the\nscrap business or go bigger in that business. We decided-- We sold it to\nsomebody, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=7260.0,7290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to an outfit in New Jersey [United States]. They got a national\noutfit, computer payroll service business.\n\nWEINTRAUB: What name did you operate the computer business under?\n\nB.COHEN: Don-- National Dynamics. National Dynamics.\n\nWEINTRAUB: I started to ask you before we--\n\nB.COHEN: We sold that, of course.\n\nWEINTRAUB: --before we got into that aspect of it, I made a comment about\npolitical-- Let me explore just for the few remaining minutes. You got fired\nfrom your first job essentially because of minimum wage.\n\nB.COHEN: That's right. Would you call it wage and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=7290.0,7320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hour, but it wasn't minimum wage.\n\nWEINTRAUB: We're now in a political climate where minimum wages are going to\nchange again.\n\nB.COHEN: Yes.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Would you care to comment on minimum wage?\n\nB.COHEN: Doesn't-- It doesn't phase-- As far as our consideration, it doesn't\nphase us one bit or another. We don't pay nobody the minimum wage to begin with;\nwouldn't have anybody on the payroll for minimum wage because we feel like it's\na loser. Not that everybody that's on minimum wages are losers, but really the\nfact is when you're choosing from that wage level, the odds are you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=7320.0,7350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"might get a\nloser. Rather than go with that romance, we just decided that wasn't for us. We\ndon't go for it at all. We don't. We never have. We never go for the minimum\nwage bit.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Care to make any comments on either of the political parties?\n\nB.COHEN: Yes. I think that it's very obvious that the Democrats don't know what\nthe score is. Never did now. All they know how to do is borrow money, spend,\nspend, spend. This is-- Should be a Republican world and it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=7350.0,7380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is. [memoirist and\ninterviewer laugh]\n\nWEINTRAUB: For the tape, that's with a big smile on Mr. [Bernard] Cohen's face.\n\nB.COHEN: Yes. [memoirist laughs]\n\nWEINTRAUB: I assume then you are active in the Republican Party?\n\nB.COHEN: Active in this respect: the answer is mostly yes, in a passive sort of\nway. I'm a card-carrying member, have been for a long time. My associates in\nbusiness are very active. Was active in the campaigns, active in raising money\nfor the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=7380.0,7410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"various candidates around. I personally have just been on the side lines\nbut have approved of what they're doing.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Yet--and maybe I ought not address the issue--yet, you went through\nschool, with a WPA grant?\n\nB.COHEN: Right. I went through school with a WPA grant, glad to get it. It was a\nworthwhile program as far as I was concerned. But only as far as I was\nconcerned. I don't see why it did--how it did our government--gave our\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=7410.0,7440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"government one iota of help. It just gave me some help, but it didn't give the\ngovernment one iota of help.\n\nWEINTRAUB: You don't think it prepared you for the job now?\n\nB.COHEN: No. I really don't. I could have done without it and wouldn't have\nmissed it. I really mean that. However, at the time, it was a big morale booster\nfor me that I could go to school, and particularly for my mother--\n\nWEINTRAUB: Uh-huh.\n\nB.COHEN: --because you know the effect that my brother was going to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=7440.0,7470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"school, to\ncollege, and good old Bernard [Cohen], poor old Bernard [Cohen]. That was her\nthought, not Bernard's [Cohen's] thought. That was part of the deal. Then not\nthat I objected to getting the education. I didn't object. But it wasn't that\nall-fired important to me.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Uh-huh. You're a card-carrying Republican. Any other organizations\nyou belong to?\n\nB.COHEN: You mean other than the--\n\nWEINTRAUB: Other than the associate of the A.A. Synagogue and--\n\nB.COHEN: Well, that's all. I don't-- Oh, in business?\n\nWEINTRAUB: Yes.\n\nB.COHEN: You're talking about in business? Oh--\n\nWEINTRAUB: Either social or--\n\nB.COHEN: I thought you meant social--\n\nWEINTRAUB: No, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=7470.0,7500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"such--\n\nB.COHEN: No. I belong to every local organization there is as far as Yiddishkeit\nis concerned. I've joined every one of them. It doesn't matter who they are, the\nGuild, whatever. But on business, we were very active in the National\nAssociation of Scrap Metal Dealers.\n\nWEINTRAUB: What do you mean by very active?\n\nB.COHEN: I was on the board and an officer.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Where are their headquarters at?\n\nB.COHEN: Washington [D.C., United States].\n\nWEINTRAUB: Washington. Did you lobby for anything at the time?\n\nB.COHEN: We lobbied through our ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=7500.0,7530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hired personnel, yes. Definitely very actively\nlobbied. Still do today. The organization is very active today, still do today.\nYes, we've--and my son Alan [Cohen] is extremely active today in the same\norganization. Marty [Kogon] is not very active, but he's involved in the\norganization. We believe in it and we proselytize for it all the time. It has\ndone us a lot of good. It has done the industry lots of good.\n\nWEINTRAUB: You say you contribute to a lot of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=7530.0,7560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish organizations?\n\nB.COHEN: Yes.\n\nWEINTRAUB: But not as active as you have been with the Scrap Association?\n\nB.COHEN: Oh, no. I have never been very active. Gerald [Cohen], my brother,\nGerald [Cohen] had been extremely active.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Is he as active in the scrap portion, the business portion?\n\nB.COHEN: In the business, he's active. But in our business association, no.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Was this a conscious thing?\n\nB.COHEN: I think it was.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Uh-huh.\n\nB.COHEN: That's my job, and that was his job. His job was to take care of the\nYiddishkeit and my job was to take care of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=7560.0,7590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the professional part of it. That was\nit. I mean it was conscious. We didn't say this is-- You got to do this and you\ngot to do that, but we went our own ways and we encouraged each other in doing\nit. If he wanted to take off to go on a convention because of some affair for\nthe local thing, go.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Uh-huh.\n\nB.COHEN: If I wanted to take off for a scrap dealers convention, go. He'd take\ncare of whatever thing it was. That was the way we worked. That was all. It was\nvery conscious. Not formally that we sat down and you agree to do this and you\nagree to do that, but we just did ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=7590.0,7620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Active nationally. How about Chambers of Commerce or locally,\nbusiness? Just the national?\n\nB.COHEN: Just national. We have a local-- We had a local scrap dealers'\norganization, but not nothing other than scrap dealer. But we had a local\nchapter here and a Georgia chapter of the same group. But other than that, I\npersonally never was active in any of the civic organizations around. Gerald\n[Cohen] may have been involved of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=7620.0,7650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of them. But if he was, he wasn't very active.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Essentially then, Gerald [Cohen] took part in Jewish organizations--\n\nB.COHEN: Yes, very active.\n\nWEINTRAUB: --not even the--\n\nB.COHEN: President of Federation, the whole bit. President of Synagogue, the\nwhole bit.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Your job was to support here?\n\nB.COHEN: My job was to do what I liked to do. His job was what he liked to do,\nand we got along real well doing what we liked to do.\n\nWEINTRAUB: We--\n\nB.COHEN: My job was to see that he was able to do what he liked. He's very\nactive, by the way.\n\nWEINTRAUB: We started last week, and you talked about your education and made a\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=7650.0,7680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"comment that much of what you do is based upon that Jewish background you had.\n\nB.COHEN: Yes.\n\nWEINTRAUB: How does it affect decisions or how has it affected decisions within\nthe business itself?\n\nB.COHEN: I don't know. I can't say--put any handle on that. The business\ndecision-- It's two different worlds, as far as I'm concerned. The business\ndecisions are the business decisions.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Let me bring it into the context of things you mentioned tonight,\nwhere other Jewish individuals who have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=7680.0,7710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"worked in the same area were beneficial\nto you. They provided you with a storage area--\n\nB.COHEN: Oh, you're talking-- Yes, yes, yes.\n\nWEINTRAUB: They provided you with funding.\n\nB.COHEN: Yes.\n\nWEINTRAUB: They helped you find places to put your new business when business burned.\n\nB.COHEN: Yes.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Are you active in any of that or is Gerald [Cohen] active in\norganization-- That is on an individual basis?\n\nB.COHEN: One on one.\n\nWEINTRAUB: Not an organization. Does that still go on today, I guess I'm asking.\n\nB.COHEN: Not really. It's not necessary. Today, you've got the banks, and your\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=7710.0,7740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"banks will look at a going business and will act in a business-like way. During\nthe Depression, the banks wouldn't lend you a dime if you were the first or last\npresident of the United States because item one, they were practically\n[indistinct: 2.09.15] themselves. They didn't have any money and they had very\nlittle deposits. Nobody had any money. The only way you could get money those\ndays-- The only way a small businessman could get money, that I know of in those\ndays, especially a scrap dealer, was from each ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=7740.0,7770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other, from the Morris Plan, from\nswapping checks. Now I know, I maybe may have mentioned this before that we\nwere-- If we needed some money, my father would go down to Joe Levitan,\navshalom. He was in the scrap business on Decatur Street, and says--he'd give\nhim a check. The check wasn't worth the space it took up, and he'd get a hundred\ndollars. He used to hold it until the next week. When I sell something, I'll--\nYou can cash it. Next week, he'd call him up. \"Joe [Levitan],\" he said, \"cash\nit.\" Then maybe three weeks later or whenever, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=7770.0,7800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Joe would come back. \"Hey,\nMorris, I need fifty bucks,\" or a hundred and fifty, whatever it was, \"Can--you\ngot it?\" Yes, yes. Give him a check.\n\nWEINTRAUB: How about the Morris Plan? Does that still exist?\n\nB.COHEN: Morris Plan. I don't think it is. If it is, I don't know about it. No,\nbut that's the same thing. You would go to the Morris Plan, which was run by a\ngroup of citizens, and you'd say, \"I want to borrow five hundred dollars.\" You'd\nget four or five people to sign on the note. But now the four or five people\ndidn't have as much money as the guy that was borrowing it. They might have had,\nbut all five of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=7800.0,7830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them would sign so this guy would borrow the money. He would pay\nit back, that was all. Now the next time, one of these five might need some\nmoney and they would go there, and the same thing would reverse. They were\nborrowing against faith, the faith, that is, not fate--faith, because somebody's\ngoing to pay it back. I don't know if anybody ever lost anything, but if they\ndid, it wasn't much because the people just took care of their obligation. But\nit wasn't big money. It was lots of money maybe for the time. It was a hundred\ndollars, two hundred dollars. That wasn't no big money.\n\nWEINTRAUB: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=7830.0,7860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/transcript/63410/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, it's been interesting. The tape again is running out. We could\ntry a third one, but I don't think we will. [memoirist laughs] I certainly\nappreciate your time this evening, and look forward to seeing you again.\n\nB.COHEN: Well, good. Thank you. It's interesting recalling old times.\n\n[tape clicks]\n\n[end of tape 2, side 2]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=7860.0,7890.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Esther and Herbert Taylor Family Foundation was founded in 1983 and is administered by the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta. The Foundation supports the Oral History Project at the Breman Museum in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Jewish Committee (AJC) was founded in 1906 to safeguard the welfare and security of Jews worldwide. It is one of the oldest Jewish advocacy organizations in the United States. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta is a non-profit organization that is dedicated to serving the Jewish community in Atlanta. The Federation is also inclusive and welcomes LGBTQ+ people, interfaith individuals, and people of all races and abilities. They help support Jewish schools, synagogues, and charities. They also sponsor their own philanthropic efforts, which support Jews in need in America, Israel, and around the world. This organization is a part of a larger Jewish Federation system. The first Jewish federation in America was created by Jewish people in Boston in 1895. Today, there are almost 200 federations in the United States. The Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta was established as the Federation of Jewish Charities in 1905.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Council of Jewish Women is an organization of volunteers and advocates, founded in the 1890s, who turn progressive ideals in advocacy and philanthropy inspired by Jewish values. They strive to improve the quality of life for women, children, and families. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePocomoke City is a city in Worcester County, Maryland. It is a center for commerce, home to industries like aerospace engineering and plastics fabrication. It has a population of over 4 thousand residents (2020).  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAtlanta is the capital city of Georgia. Before European settlers arrived in the area, the Creek people lived in the region. The 1821 Indian Removal Act forced the Creek to leave their north Georgia home. Atlanta was founded as a railroad hub and became the center of multiple tracks. The settlement at the railroad hub was called Terminus, Thrasherville, Marthasville, and finally, Atlanta. Atlanta was an important depot for military supplies during the American Civil War. General William Tecumseh Sherman ordered that the city be destroyed during his March to the Sea and the city was slowly rebuilt after the war. In the early 20th century, Atlanta’s population tripled, and Atlanta was vital to the United States war effort in World War II because of its local industries and railroad network. After the war, Atlanta became a hub for the Civil Rights Movement. As of 2020, over 498,000 people live in the city proper, while the larger metro area has over 6,100,000 residents. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression between 1929 and 1939. It began after the Wall Street Crash of 1929. After the Crash, the economic depression spread across the world. The worldwide GDP dropped by 15% between 1929 and 1932. International trade fell by more than 50% and unemployment in the U.S. was 23%. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWashington Street Northwest is located between Ozburn Road and Hamilton E. Holmes Dr. Washington Street Southwest is located in downtown Atlanta and is situated between Courtland St. and Pulliam St. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Georgia Avenue School was a predominantly white school that was built in 1911. By the 1950s was a predominately black school. It was renamed in 1961 after Peter James Bryant who was the a Baptist pastor in the 1920’s. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRichardson St. SW runs from Windsor St. SW to Pulliam St. SW in the Mechanicsville neighborhood of Atlanta, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePryor Street runs from Edgewood Ave. SE to Osmond St. SW in downtown Atlanta.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWells St. SW becomes Fulton Street, which ends at Connally St. SE. Fulton Street is located in downtown Atlanta. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e6th St. NE runs from W. Peachtree St. NW to Argonne Ave. NE.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEstablished in 1872, Boys High School or All Boys High School was one of the first public schools in Atlanta. It remained a school for white males until it merged with Girls High and Tech High in 1947 to form Henry Grady High School (now Midtown High School). In 1924, it was re-located to Charles Allen Drive and 10th Street. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eParkway Drive runs from Ponce de Leon Avenue to Highland Ave. NE in Northeast Atlanta.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGerald Hershel Cohen (1918-2009) was an Atlanta businessman who was born in Pocomoke City, Maryland. He was president of Central Metals Co., a family business in Atlanta founded by his father Morris Cohen and his uncle Joe Rodbell in 1912. He served terms as president of the Ahavath Achim Synagogue, the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta, and the B'nai B'rith Youth Organization Adult Committee. He was a founding member of the Harry H. Epstein School and The Doris and Alex Weber School.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBetty Cohen Goldstein (1929—2015) was very active in Atlanta’s Jewish community, including serving as an Atlanta Hadassah chapter president. She and her husband Leon had four children.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e Crew Street School was one of the first four public schools in Atlanta, opening in 1872. It was located between Capitol Avenue and Washington Street.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Georgia Avenue School was a predominantly white school that was built in 1911. By the 1950s was a predominately black school. It was renamed in 1961 after Peter James Bryant who was the a Baptist pastor in the 1920’s.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHoke Smith was a junior high school formerly on Hill Street in Atlanta, Georgia. It was open from 1947-1985; it merged in the 1980s with Roosevelt High School to form Southside High School, now Maynard Jackson High School. The former building is no longer in existence and a track field now stands in its place.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGoy (plural: goyim) is a Yiddish term meaning “people” or “nation.” In common usage, it designates a non-Jewish or Gentile person. The word \"goyishe\" would be used as an adjective to describe something non-Jewish. The word is sometimes used in a pejorative sense, but can also be neutral.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTech High School began as the Technical Department of Boys High School in Atlanta but became its own establishment in 1909. Tech High and Boys High merged in 1947 under the name Henry Woodfin Grady High School (now Midtown High School).  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCommercial High School was founded by Corinne Stanton Williams Douglas in Atlanta, Georgia. It began as a department of Girls High School in 1889. Students studied bookkeeping and typing, in addition to mathematics and history courses. The school soon expanded into new space, a four-story brick building at 138 Pryor Street in downtown Atlanta. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Temple, or “Hebrew Benevolent Congregation,” is Atlanta’s oldest Jewish congregation. The cornerstone was laid on the Temple on Garnett Street in 1875. The dedication was held in 1877 and the Temple was located there until 1902. The Temple’s next location on Pryor Street was dedicated in 1902. The Temple’s current location in Midtown on Peachtree Street was dedicated in 1931. The main sanctuary is on the National Register of Historic Places. The Reform congregation now totals approximately 1500 families. As of 2022, its Senior Rabbi is Peter S. Berg. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCapitol Avenue begins at M.L.K. JR Dr. SE and becomes Hank Aaron Dr. SW, and is located in downtown Atlanta. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Educational Alliance (JEA) is the name of Savannah, Georgia's Jewish Community Center. It was founded in 1912 and continues to serve the Jewish and general communities in Savannah today. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAleph Zadik Aleph (AZA) is an international youth-led fraternal organization for Jewish teenage boys. Its sister organization for teenage girls is B'nai B'rith Girls (BBG). B'nai B'rith Youth Organization, now BBYO, is an umbrella organization including Jewish teens in both AZA and BBG. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYoung Judaea is a peer-led Zionist youth movement founded in 1909 for Jewish youth in grades 2–12. Its programs include youth clubs, conventions, summer camps and Israel programs that provide experiential programming through which Jewish youth and young adults build meaningful relationships with their peers, emphasize social action, and develop a lifelong commitment to Jewish life, the Jewish people, and Israel. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAhavath Achim Synagogue (often referred to as \"AA\") was founded as an Orthodox congregation in 1887 in a small room on Gilmer Street. In 1901 they moved to a permanent building at the corner of Piedmont Avenue and Gilmer Street. In 1921, the congregation constructed a synagogue at Washington Street and Woodward Avenue. It joined the Conservative movement in 1952. The final service in the Washington Street building was held in 1958 to make way for construction of the Downtown Connector (the concurrent section of Interstate 75 and Interstate 85 through Atlanta). The synagogue moved to its current location on Peachtree Battle Avenue in 1958. As of 2022, Ahavath Achim is the largest Conservative synagogue in the Atlanta area and its current Senior Rabbi is Laurence Rosenthal. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWoodward Ave. SE runs from Fraser St. SE to Connally St. SE. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA cheder is a traditional elementary school teaching the basics of Judaism and the Hebrew language.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA bar mitzvah [Hebrew: son of commandments; plural: b’nai mitzvah] is a rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day. At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes. He is now duty-bound to keep the commandments, he puts on tefillin, and may be counted to the minyan quorum for public worship. He celebrates the bar mitzvah by being called up to the reading of the Torah in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e“Chumash” is another word for Torah or the Five Books of Moses of the Hebrew Bible.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHowell Mill Rd begins at US-41 and becomes Marietta Street NW. It is a major road that runs through northwest Atlanta. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLuckie Street NW runs from North Avenue NW to Barker St. NW. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Georgia is a public land-grant research university with its main campus in Athens, Georgia. Founded in 1785, it is one of the oldest public universities in the United States. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Georgia Institute of Technology, commonly referred to as Georgia Tech or, in the state of Georgia, as Tech, is a public research university and institute of technology in Atlanta, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Works Progress Administration (WPA) was a New Deal program implemented by President Franklin D. Roosevelt during the Great Depression, beginning in 1935. It employed millions of Americans who worked on public works projects, like the construction of buildings and roads. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eChicago is the most populated Illinois city and the third-largest city in the United States. The Potawatomi lived in the area during the 18th century. The first permanent non-indigenous settler was Jean Baptiste Point du Sable, a man of African descent. He is considered to be ‘the Founder of Chicago.” In 1816, the Potawatomi, Ojibwe, and Ottawa tribes ceded the land to the United States. In 1833, the town of Chicago was formally instituted, and it had a population of around 200 people. In the 19th and 20th Centuries, it became a major center for the distribution of agricultural and other goods. During World War II, Chicago produced more steel than the entire United Kingdom and was the site of the first controlled nuclear reaction. As of 2020, more than 2,700,000 people live in Chicago and it is an international economic and cultural hub.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA shammash, also spelled shamash or shammas (Hebrew: “servant”), or gabbai, is a salaried sexton in a Jewish synagogue whose duties now generally include secretarial work and assistance to the cantor, or chazzan, who directs the public service.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShul is a Yiddish word for synagogue that is derived from a German word meaning “school,” and emphasizes the synagogue's role as a place of study.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCongregation Or VeShalom was established in Atlanta, Georgia by refugees of the Ottoman Empire, namely from Turkey and the Isle of Rhodes. The Sephardic congregation began in 1920 and was based at Central and Woodward Avenues until 1948 when it moved to a larger building on North Highland Road. Or VeShalom’s current synagogue is located on North Druid Hills Road. As of 2022, the congregation’s rabbi is Josh Hearshen.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Pacific theater of World War II was a major theater in the war between the Allies and Japan. The Japanese primarily fought against United States forces in this theater.    \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe European theatre of World War II was one of the two main theatres during World War II. It included heavy fighting in Europe, starting with Germany's invasion of Poland in September 1939 and ending with the Allies conquering most of Europe, and Germany's unconditional surrender in May of 1945. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNaval Station Great Lakes (NAVSTA Great Lakes) is the home of the United States Navy's only current boot camp, located near North Chicago, in Lake County, Illinois.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMost likely Roosevelt University. Roosevelt University is a private university with campuses in Chicago and Schaumburg, Illinois. Founded in 1945, the university was named in honor of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt and First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt. The university has 4,000 students total.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDecatur St. SE runs from Peachtree St. and becomes DeKalb Avenue NE. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSouth Carolina is a state in the coastal Southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered to the north by North Carolina, to the southeast by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the southwest by Georgia. South Carolina has a population of 5,124,712 according to the 2020 census. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Blue Ridge Mountains are a province of the larger Appalachian Highlands range. The mountain range is located in the Eastern United States, and extends 550 miles southwest from southern Pennsylvania through Maryland, West Virginia, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShabbat (Hebrew) or Shabbos (Yiddish) is the Jewish Sabbath and is observed on Saturdays. Shabbat observance entails refraining from work activities and engaging in restful activities to honor the day. Shabbat begins at sundown on Friday night and is ushered in by lighting candles and reciting a blessing. It is closed the following evening with the recitation of the havdalah blessing. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePeters St. SW runs from I-20 to Ted Turner Dr. SW. in Downtown Atlanta. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMorris Plan Banks were part of a historic banking system in the United States created to assist the middle class in obtaining loans that were difficult to obtain at traditional banks. Arthur J. Morris (1881–1973), a lawyer in Norfolk, Virginia, began the banks. The first was started in 1910 in Norfolk, and the second in Atlanta in 1911. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMax L. Kuniansky (1917-1995) was an Atlanta businessman and philanthropist who founded MK Construction in 1950. During World War II, Max served in the Army Air Force and flew 35 missions as a navigator in a B24 bomber.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe term, “Holy Roller,” refers to Protestant Christian churches, like the Wesleyan and Free Methodists. The term originated from some church attendees shaking, dancing, or moving boisterously and who describe themselves as under the influence of the Holy Spirit. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e8th St. NW runs from Curran St. NW to Hemphill Ave NW. 8th St. NW picks up at Fowler St. NW on the west side of i-85, and then picks up again after Wiliams St. NW. 8th St. NE runs from W. Peachtree St. NW to Monroe Dr. NE. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1904, Congregation Shearith Israel began as a congregation that met in the homes of congregants until 1906 when they began using a Methodist church on Hunter Street. After World War II, Rabbi Tobias Geffen moved the congregation to University Drive, where it became the first synagogue in DeKalb County. In the 1960s, they removed the barrier between the men’s and women’s sections in the sanctuary, and officially became affiliated with the Conservative movement in 2002. As of 2022, the current Senior Rabbi of the congregation is Ari Kaiman. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Worker’s Circle (formerly Workmen's Circle) or Arbeiter Ring is a Yiddish language-oriented American-Jewish organization committed to social justice, Jewish community, and Ashkenazi culture. It provides old age homes for its aging members, as well as schools, camps, affordable health insurance and programs of concerts, lectures and holiday celebrations. It was founded in 1900 and was strongly socialist politically. It has moved more to the right on the American political spectrum in modern times.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYiddish is the common historical language of Ashkenazi Jews from Central and Eastern Europe. It is heavily Germanic based but uses the Hebrew alphabet. The language was spoken or understood as a common tongue for many European Jews up until the middle of the twentieth century. Although the terms “Yiddish” and “Yid” are sometimes used to refer to Jews, Yiddish is a reference to a person's language and not necessarily their ethnicity, religion, or culture. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRussia spans Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world and covers 6,601,670 sq mi. Russia has eleven time zones and borders fourteen countries. It has a population of over 147 million people. The country's capital and largest city is Moscow. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePoland is a nation in Central Europe the size of 312,696 km², or over 120,700 mi². Poland has a population of 38 million residents and is the fifth-most populous member state of the European Union. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNew York City is the most populated city in the United States with over 8,800,000 residents as of 2020. It is a global cultural, economic, education, political, and tourism center. The city is comprised of five boroughs and sits on Hudson Bay, making it a major port city. The Algonquian peoples lived in lived in the region long before the first European settler, Giovanni de Verrazzano, arrived in 1524. The first European settlement in the area was a Dutch fur trading outpost, established in 1624. Shortly after, a Dutch fort was built, and New Amsterdam was established. New Amsterdam was surrendered to the English in 1664 and the settlement was named “New York.” In the early 1700s, the city quickly grew as an important port. During the 19th century, New York City’s population boomed, growing from 60,000 residents to 3.43 million. The city surpassed 10 million residents in the 1930s, making it the first megacity in the world. After World War II, New York became the leading city in the world.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHouston is the most populous city in Texas and in the Southern United States, with a population of over 2,300,000. It is located in southeastern Texas, near the Gulf of Mexico.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA native of Chicago, Rae Alice Cohen (1918-1997) moved to Atlanta when she married Bernard W. Cohen (1915-1997) in 1941. Coming from a classical reform background, Rae Alice immersed herself into adapting her life to Kashrut, establishing a kosher home, and raising her children in a traditional way. Rae Alice started a Jewish Girl Scout troop at Congregation Ahavath Achim and went on to be a trainer at the council level, teaching courses to train\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGirl Scout leaders. Rae Alice’s volunteerism led her finally in the direction of the Ahavath Achim Sisterhood, where she volunteered to do jobs others did not want. She used her organizational skills to set up Hebrew literacy programs and parent-child education programs (PEP). Rae Alice became active in the Jewish Welfare Federation and became president of the Southern Branch of Conservative Judaism. When Ahavath Achim became egalitarian, Rae Alice served as the first woman officer there. Her involvement with the Cuba Family Archives was perfect for Rae Alice. For thirteen years and countless hours, Rae Alice poured over the cherished items of members of the Jewish communities throughout Georgia and helped to preserve them and categorize them for posterity. She loved volunteering and her dedication and tireless efforts helped to make The Cuba Family Archives of The Breman a respected and often visited resource for countless numbers of researchers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Chesapeake Bay is the largest estuary in the United States. It is located in the Mid-Atlantic region and is primarily separated from the Atlantic Ocean by the Delmarva Peninsula, including parts of the Eastern Shore of Maryland, the Eastern Shore of Virginia, and the state of Delaware. It is 200 miles long.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA shochet is an adult male Jew who is trained and accredited by a rabbinic authority in the Jewish dietary laws. Specifically, a shochet slaughters animals in a way prescribed by Jewish dietary laws to avoid pain to the animal as much as possible, and to safeguard the health of the consumer. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMaryland is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. It borders Virginia, West Virginia, and Washington, D.C., to its south and west; Pennsylvania to the north; and Delaware and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. It has a population of over 6 million (2020).  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBuford is a city in Gwinnett and Hall counties in Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of over 17,000. Most of the city is is part of the Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta Metropolitan Statistical Area.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlpharetta is a city in Fulton County, Georgia, and is a part of the Atlanta metropolitan area. As of the 2020 US Census, Alpharetta's population was over 65,000.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLaGrange is a city in Troup County, Georgia. Its population is around 30,000 (2020). \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eChalmette Dr. NE runs from Hancock Dr. NE to Briarcliff Rd. NE. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNorth Island Dr. runs from Jett Rd. to Rebel Tail in Sandy Springs, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCrest Valley Dr. NW runs from Northside Dr. NW and becomes Mt. Vernon Parkway NW in Sandy Springs, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBriarwood Rd. NE runs from N. Druid Hills Rd. to Buford Highway NE. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFive Points is a district of Atlanta, Georgia. It is the convergence of Marietta Street, Edgewood Avenue, Decatur Street, and two parts of Peachtree Street. Five Points is considered by Atlantans to be the center of town, and it is the origin of the street addressing system for the city.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCallanwolde Fine Arts Center is a non-profit community arts center that offers art classes and workshops. Special performances, gallery exhibits, and outreach programs happen throughout the year.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePeachtree Battle Ave. NW runs from Margaret Mitchell Dr. NW to US-19 in northwest Atlanta. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTenth Street is a street in Midtown Atlanta, Georgia. Today Tenth Street west of Piedmont Avenue is an integral part of the Midtown Core high-rise business and residential district. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePiedmont Ave NE begins as Piedmont Rd NE to Edgewood Ave. Piedmont Ave SE runs from Edgewood Ave. to MLK Jr Drive SE. It is a major avenue that runs through north central and downtown Atlanta.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe High Holy Days are the two holiest times of the Jewish calendar: Rosh Hashanah (new year) and Yom Kippur (days of atonement).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA minyan refers to the quorum of 10 Jewish adults required for certain religious obligation. While traditionally only males counted toward the quorum, in many non-Orthodox streams of Judaism adult females count in the minyan. A minyan is needed in Jewish communal prayer for certain components of the regular daily or Shabbat services, reading from the Torah and haftarah portions in synagogue, and saying Kaddish, among other things.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKaddish [Hebrew: holy] is a hymn of praises to God found in the Jewish prayer service that is recited aloud while standing. The central theme of the Kaddish is the magnification and sanctification of God's name. Along with the Shema and Amidah, the Kaddish is one of the most important and central elements in the Jewish liturgy. Mourner's Kaddish is said at all prayer services and certain other occasions. Following the death of a parent, child, spouse, or sibling it is customary to recite the Mourner's Kaddish in the presence of a congregation daily for 30 days, or 11 months in the case of a parent, and then at every anniversary of the death. It is important to note that the Mourner's Kaddish does not mention death at all, but instead praises God.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNorthside Drive NW runs from Northside Parkway NW to Wells St. SW in northwestern Atlanta.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarry H. Epstein, Rabbi Emeritus of Congregation Ahavath Achim was the spiritual leader of that congregation for over 50 years. His early life was spent in Chicago, Illinois where his father, Ephraim, was the Chief Rabbi of the Orthodox community. At a young age, he, too, decided on a rabbinical career. His studies in pursuit of the ordination took him to the Slabodka Yeshiva in Lithuania in 1922 to study with his uncle, Rabbi Moshe Mordecai Epstein, and then to Hebron in Palestine to be one of that Yeshiva's first students. Rabbi Epstein was ordained in 1925, and accepted his first pulpit at Congregation B'nai Emunah in Tulsa, Oklahoma in 1927. A year later, at the age of 25, Rabbi Epstein left Tulsa and assumed the rabbinate at Ahavath Achim in Atlanta. Ahavath Achim was organized in 1886 as a small fundamentalist Orthodox congregation. Under the leadership and direction of Rabbi Epstein, it has evolved into one of the largest and respected Conservative congregations in the South. Rabbi Epstein introduced such innovations as interpreting the Hebrew liturgy to English at intervals during holiday service, conducting responsive readings in English, and the removal of the traditional segregation of the congregation by sexes. He also initiated an extensive educational program at the Synagogue, offering both Sunday and after school instruction. An ardent Zionist, Rabbi Epstein is devoted to the State of Israel, working first to ensure the creation of the state and then to insure it future. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLithuanian-born Rabbi Abraham P. Hirmes (188?–1946) led Ahavath Achim from 1919 to 1928. Rabbi Hirmes originated the Sisterhood with his wife, whose immediate projects were focused on raising money for the building fund for the synagogue at the corner of Washington Street and Woodward Avenue. About this time, there was an official name change of the congregation from ‘Ahawas Achim’ to ‘Ahavath Achim.’ It was also during this period that Bible School, Junior Congregation, and late Friday night services developed. Rabbi Hirmes studied at the Slobodka Yeshiva in Lithuania and pursued his rabbinical ordination at Yeshiva University-affiliated Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary in New York.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA bar mitzvah [Hebrew: son of commandments; plural: b’nai mitzvah] is a rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day. At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes. He is now duty-bound to keep the commandments, he puts on tefillin, and may be counted to the minyan quorum for public worship. He celebrates the bar mitzvah by being called up to the reading of the Torah in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe chazzan or cantor is the official in charge of music or chants and leads liturgical prayer and chanting in the synagogue.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA shammash, also spelled shamash or shammas (Hebrew: “servant”), or gabbai, is a salaried sexton in a Jewish synagogue whose duties now generally include secretarial work and assistance to the cantor, or chazzan, who directs the public service.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Arnold M. Goodman served as senior rabbi of Ahavath Achim in Atlanta, Georgia from 1982 to 2002. He came to Atlanta from Minnesota where he had served as rabbi of Adath Jeshurun in Minnetonka since 1966. He currently serves as its senior rabbinic scholar. Upon his retirement, the synagogue honored them by designating its adult education program as Beit Aharon: The Rabbi Arnold and Rae Goodman Learning Institute for Adult Studies.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[1] Rabbi Stephen Weiss (1971-) was born in Chicago, Illinois, grew up in Los Angeles, California and was ordained by the Jewish Theological Seminary in New York in 1990. Weiss served as rabbi for eleven years in Atlanta, Georgia and Southfield, Michigan before coming to B'nai Jeshurun Congregation in Pepper Pike, Ohio in 2001.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Stephen Weiss (1971-) was born in Chicago, Illinois, grew up in Los Angeles, California and was ordained by the Jewish Theological Seminary in New York in 1990. Weiss served as rabbi for eleven years in Atlanta, Georgia and Southfield, Michigan before coming to B'nai Jeshurun Congregation in Pepper Pike, Ohio in 2001.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Raphael Gold (1927-2013) was born in Savannah, Georgia. Gold was ordained in 1952 after graduating from the Jewish Theological Seminary in New York. He served several congregations as Rabbi in Washington, D.C., Alabama, Savannah and Atlanta, including Ahavath Achim in Atlanta, and two Jewish schools as Director of Jewish Education. Raphael and his wife, Naomi (1930-2012), who was also born in Savannah, had two sons, Rabbi Hillel Gold and Dr. Sam Gold.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi David Hillel Auerbach (1938-2016) was a graduate of McGill University and ordained by the Jewish Theological Seminary. He held pulpits at Shaar Shalom in Chomedy, Quebec, Ahavat Achim Synagogue in Atlanta and Beth David in Miami, before founding the Bet Shira Congregation in Pinecrest, where he was the Rabbi until his retirement in 2005 and continued as Rabbi Emeritus until his passing in 2016.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Marvin Richardson (1952-2014) served as Assistant Rabbi at Ahavath Achim in Atlanta for six years. He moved to Israel from Atlanta where he worked with educational organizations sponsoring programs for American students in Israel. In 1996 he returned to the United States to accept a position as Associate Rabbi at the East Brunswick Jewish Center in New Jersey where he served for six years. From 2002 to 2013 he was the rabbi of Jericho Jewish Center in New York. He received his undergraduate degree in Physiological Psychology from Johns Hopkins University, and his Master’s in History and Education from the Jewish Theological Seminary of America.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIsrael is a country in Western Asia located on the Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea. It borders Lebanon, Syria, Egypt, and Palestine. While Tel Aviv is the largest economic center of the country, Jerusalem is its capital. The first evidence of human habitation in the region dates back to 1.5 million years ago. Canaanites inhabited the area was inhabited since the Bronze Age and the Israelites’ ancestors belonged to an ancient Semitic-speaking people in the region. Israelite culture spread to various villages in the area. Jerusalem was occupied by many countries and empires throughout its history but became an independent nation in 1948. The independence of Israel from Britain led to the Arab-Israeli War, which lasted from 1948-1949. Today, there is still an ongoing conflict between Israel and Palestine. As of 2022, it is estimated that over 9,000,000 people live in the country.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCalifornia is a state in the Western United States that Oregon, Nevada, Arizona, and Mexico. It has a coastline along the Pacific Ocean. Over 39 million people live across 163,696 square miles, making California the most populous and the third-largest U.S. state by area. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNorthwestern University is a private university in Evanston, Illinois. It was founded in 1851. Northwestern is ranked among the top academic institutions in the United States and world. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePassover [Hebrew: Pesach] is the anniversary of Israel’s liberation from Egyptian bondage. Although enslaved by the Pharaoh, the Israelites continued to survive and even increase in numbers. Dismayed, the Pharaoh declared that all sons born to Hebrew women must be killed, but Hebrew midwives defied the Pharaoh’s decree. One mother, who had given birth to a son, placed him in a basket in the Nile River. The baby was found by none other than the Pharaoh’s daughter, who scooped him up, named him Moses, and raised him as her own. When Moses had grown up, God spoke to Moses saying that he, along with his brother Aaron, would be the one to take the Israelites out of Egypt. Moses challenged the Pharaoh, demanding freedom for the Israelites. When the Pharaoh refused, God sent a series of plagues upon the Pharaoh and Egyptian people. There were 10 plagues in total: blood, frogs, lice, wild beasts, diseases, boils, hail, locusts, darkness, and the most severe of all, the death of every Egyptian first-born son. In order to protect the Israelite children from the Angel of Death, the Israelites marked their doors with lamb’s blood, so that their houses would be passed over (hence the holiday name, “Passover”). Finally, Pharaoh surrendered and ordered the Israelites to leave Egypt. The Israelites were in such a hurry to leave Egypt that their bread had no time to rise. Pharaoh had also soon changed his mind and sent his armies after the Israelites. When the Israelites came to the Red Sea, they were trapped until God miraculously parted the sea. As soon as they passed through, the sea closed up, saving them from the Egyptians and beginning the Israelites’ epic journey to the Promised Land.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLeon C. Goldstein succeeded his father Abe Goldstein as president and chairman of Prior Tire Company. He served in the United States Navy during World War II and graduated from Emory University in Atlanta. He held leadership positions in Ahavath Achim Synagogue, the Anti-Defamation League, and Gate City Lodge of B’nai B’rith, and the Atlanta Jewish Federation. He was a member of Shearith Israel Juniors (SIJ) youth organization. An avowed proponent of meritocracy, he challenged affirmative action quotas in 1995 by suing the Atlanta Public School District for awarding a contract to a higher bidding minority contractor.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBoston, is the capital of and largest city in Massachusetts and the cultural and financial center of New England. It had a population of 675,647 as of 2020.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eUnclear if Mr. Cohen means Washington, D.C. or Washington state here. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSavannah is one of Georgia’s most important port cities and is the fifth-largest in the state. The coastal town is located along the Savannah River. As of 2020, the city had a population of over 140,000 residents. It is well-known for its tourist attractions and historical neighborhoods.    \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAugusta is a consolidated city-county on the central eastern border of Georgia. The city lies directly across the Savannah River from North Augusta, South Carolina at the head of its navigable portion. Georgia's third most populous city (after Atlanta and Columbus), Augusta is located in the Fall Line section of the state. It has a population of over 202,000 (2021). \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMacon is a consolidated city-county in central Georgia. It is southeast of Atlanta and is located along the Ocmulgee River. It has a population of over 150,000 residents.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eW. Whitehall St. SW becomes Peter St. SW, which runs to Ted Turner Dr. SW. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMitchell St. SW runs from Northside Dr. SW and runs to Washington St. SW. in south downtown Atlanta. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFranklin Delano Roosevelt (1882-1945), or FDR, was an American politician who served as the 32nd President of the United States from 1933 until 1945. He was a member of the Democratic Party and he won four presidential elections. Roosevelt was the federal executive during most of the Great Depression, and he implemented the New Deal to address the Depression. His third and fourth terms happened during World War II. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Recovery Administration (NRA) was an agency established by President Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) in 1933. The goal of the administration was to bring industry, labor, and government together to create fair practice codes and set prices. The NRA was created by the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) and allowed industries to get together and write fair competition codes. The codes intended both to set minimum wages and maximum weekly hours, as well as minimum prices at which products could be sold.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=4830.0,4860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRockmart is a town in Polk County, Georgia. Its population is 4,732 (2020). It began as a railroad depot town when the Southern Railway built a station there.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEdgewood Ave SE ran from Decatur St. SE and becomes Edgewood Ave. NE, which runs until it enters DeKalb Ave. NE in Atlanta, Georgia\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e“Mensch” (plural: menschen) is a Yiddish word meaning \"a person of integrity and honor.” The term is used as a high compliment, expressing the rarity and value of that individual's qualities. The word has migrated into American English, where a mensch is a particularly good person, similar to a “stand-up guy,” a person with the qualities one would hope for in a friend or trusted colleague.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War I was a major global conflict lasting from 1914 to 1918. It was fought between two coalitions, the Allies and the Central Powers. Fighting took place throughout Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Pacific, and parts of Asia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=5370.0,5400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDecatur St. SE becomes DeKalb Ave NE, which runs until it becomes W Howard Ave in Atlanta. Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=5400.0,5430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e2nd St. NW becomes Ridge Ave. NW, which runs until it ends at Bellview Ave. NW in the Carey Park area of Atlanta. Ridge Ave. SW runs from Pryor Rd. SW to Hank Aaron Dr. SW in the Peoplestown area of Atlanta, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=5520.0,5550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAnniston is the county seat of Calhoun County in Alabama. It is located in northeastern Alabama and has a population of over 21,000 residents (2020).  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=5790.0,5820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEmory University is a private research university in Atlanta, Georgia. Founded in 1836 as \"Emory College\" by the Methodist Episcopal Church and named in honor of Methodist bishop John Emory, Emory is the second-oldest private institution of higher education in Georgia.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=5850.0,5880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eConley is a census-designated place in Clayton County, Georgia. It is in Atlanta’s southeast corner. The population was 6,680 in 2020. It is part of the Atlanta Metropolitan Area.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=5970.0,6000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eConyers is an Atlanta suburb, the county seat of and only city in Rockdale County, Georgia. It is 24 miles east of downtown Atlanta and is a part of the Atlanta Metropolitan Area. It has a population of 17,305 (2020).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=5970.0,6000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Bona Allen Company is a tannery and leather goods factory that opened in 1873 in Buford, Georgia. It was the nation's largest producer of hand-tooled saddles, bridles, horse collars, postal bags, cowboy boots, and shoes and had a contract to supply Spalding, with materials to make baseballs and baseball mitts.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=6210.0,6240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFounder, Owner and Operator of Bona Allen, Inc., a nationally known leather tannery and harness shop. Bona Allen (1846-1925) founded the booming tannery business in Buford in the late 1800's and was responsible for employing two-thirds of the town's population. Mr. Allen Sr. became one of the wealthiest men in the Southeast.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=6240.0,6270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGoldfinger is a 1964 spy film and the third instalment in the James Bond series, starring Sean Connery as James Bond. It is based on the 1959 novel of the same name by Ian Fleming.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=6510.0,6540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCitizens and Southern National Bank (C\u0026amp;S) began as a Georgia institution that expanded into South Carolina, Florida and into other states. Headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, it was the largest bank in the Southeast for much of the 20th century.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=6660.0,6690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMills Bee Lane Jr. (1912-1989) was a banker in Atlanta, Georgia. He was born in Savannah, Georgia. In 1934 he took a job as a clerk at a Citizens \u0026amp; Southern National Bank (C\u0026amp;S) branch in Valdosta, Georgia. The bank had been founded by Lane's father in 1906 and when the senior Lane died in 1946, Lane Jr., became the bank's president. When Lane retired in 1973, C\u0026amp;S was the largest bank in the South. Lane returned to Savannah, where he remained until his death.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=6690.0,6720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBrowning-Ferris Industries was a North American waste management company that was bought out in 1999. BFI was founded in Houston, Texas. The company was originally named American Refuse Systems, and it opened its first landfill in 1968. The company soon became the first waste hauler on the New York Stock Exchange, after purchasing the Browning-Ferris Machinery Company, and changing their name to Browning-Ferris Industries\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=6720.0,6750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWaste Management, Inc., is a waste management, comprehensive waste, and environmental services company operating in North America. Founded in 1968, the company is headquartered in the Bank of America Tower in Houston, Texas.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=6720.0,6750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eChapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code permits reorganization under the bankruptcy laws of the United States. Such reorganization, known as Chapter 11 bankruptcy, is available to every business, and is most prominently used by corporate entities.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=6780.0,6810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarry Wayne Huizenga Sr. (1937-2018) was an American businessman. He founded AutoNation and Waste Management Inc., and was the owner or co-owner of Blockbuster Video, the Miami Dolphins, the Florida Panthers, and the Florida Marlins.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=6930.0,6960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Miami Dolphins are a professional American football team based in the Miami metropolitan area. The Dolphins were founded by Joe Robbie, an attorney and politician, and Danny Thomas, an actor and comedian. They began play in the AFL in 1966.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=6960.0,6990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBlockbuster Video was an American video rental store chain. It was founded by David Cook in 1985 as a stand-alone video rental shop, but grew into a national store chain featuring video game rentals, DVD-by-mail, streaming, video on demand, and cinema theater. The company expanded internationally throughout the 1990s. At its peak in 2004, Blockbuster employed 84,300 people worldwide and operated 9,094 stores.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=6960.0,6990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNorcross is a city located in Gwinnett County, Georgia. The population is 17,209, as of 2020. Norcross is part of the Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta metropolitan statistical area.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=7200.0,7230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMarietta is a city northwest of Atlanta, in Georgia. As of 2020, over 60,000 people live within the city. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=7230.0,7260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNew Jersey is a Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern state. It is the most densely populated of all 50 U.S. states, and is situated at the center of the Northeast megalopolis. New Jersey is bordered on its north and east by New York state; on its east, southeast, and south by the Atlantic Ocean; on its west by the Delaware River and Pennsylvania; and on its southwest by Delaware Bay and Delaware. New Jersey is the fifth-smallest state in land area, but with close to 9.3 million residents (2020), it ranks 11th in population.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=7290.0,7320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMost likely the Atlanta Service Guild. Sixteen young Jewish women founded Atlanta Service Guild in 1936. The organization is dedicated to social service and civic work. Arlene Freitag Frohsin was its founding president. Among the organization’s projects was a pre-natal clinic and gift shop at Grady Hospital, a nursery school at the Jewish Educational Alliance, an occupational therapy room at Emory Hospital, and a gift shop at the Jewish Home (renamed the William Breman Jewish Home).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=7500.0,7530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWashington, DC, the United States’ capital, is a city on the Potomac River, surrounded by Maryland and Virginia. The Capitol, White House and Supreme Court house the U.S. federal government’s three branches.  \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe United States Capitol (also the Capitol or the Capitol Building), is the seat of the legislative branch of the U.S. federal government. It sits on Capitol Hill on the eastern side of the National Mall in Washington, D.C. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=7500.0,7530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYiddishkeit literally means \"Jewishness\", i.e. “a Jewish way of life” in the Yiddish language. In a more general sense it has come to mean the \"Jewishness\" or \"Jewish essence\" of Ashkenazi Jews in general and the traditional Yiddish-speaking Jews of Eastern and Central Europe in particular. From a more secular perspective it is associated with the popular culture or folk practices of Yiddish-speaking Jews, such as popular religious traditions, Eastern European Jewish food, Yiddish humor, and klezmer music, among other things.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=7560.0,7590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/annotation_set/1270/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Metro Atlanta Chamber of Commerce is the chamber of commerce for the Atlanta metropolitan area. It was founded in 1859.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=7620.0,7650.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/index/81663","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Cohen, Bernard [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/index/81663/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bernard's Childhood","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=28.0,1052.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/index/81663/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bernard discusses his childhood growing up in Atlanta, including information regarding where he went to school and his family.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971#t=28.0,1052.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117273/file/221971/index/81663/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To begin with, let's first talk about where you were born. 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