{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/zg6g15vv27/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Frank, Lois"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2023-08-22 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Frank, Lois (Interviewee)","Baker, Betsy (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Jewish Oral History Project"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eLois Frank was interviewed by Betsy Baker on August 22, 2023, in Atlanta, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eLois [Lubin] Frank was born in Miami Beach, Florida. She is the only child born to Meyer and Terri [Stein] Lubin. Her parents married in 1937, and Lois’ older brother and sister were children from her mother’s first marriage. When she was nine years old, her family moved to St. Petersburg, Florida, where she grew up. Her parents were proprietors of hotels in the area. Lois did not grow up in a practicing Jewish household and there was not a very large Jewish community in St. Petersburg. However, Lois attended BBYO, where she connected with other young Jewish people. She credits her brother, Leonard, as her biggest influence in further exploring Judaism. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eLois moved to Atlanta, Georgia to attend Emory University where she became involved in the civil rights movement, meeting Martin Luther King Jr. when she arranged to have him speak at Emory. To further her efforts in the civil rights movement, Lois chose to attend graduate school at Atlanta University, a historically black university. While attending Emory University, Lois met ​​Vanderbilt University football captain, Larry Frank. Lois and Larry married in 1963. Their first son, Joshua, was born in 1965. Together they have four children, Joshua, Adam, Aaron, and Isaac.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAfter connecting with Mike Gettinger, the executive director of Atlanta Jewish Federation, and an inspiring experience at Camp Barney Medintz with Yitz Greenberg, Lois and Larry began exploring their Jewish faith more deeply and became involved with the Atlanta and global Jewish community. Together they have dedicated themselves to philanthropic causes and frequently traveled to Israel, where their son Adam is a rabbi. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eLois has served the Jewish community through numerous organizations, including The Jacob Blaustein Institute for the Advancement of Human Rights as a board member, The American Jewish Committee of Atlanta as president, The Jewish Counsel for Public Affairs as national chair, and MAZON: A Jewish Response to Hunger as a board member. In May 2023, Lois received the 2023 Lifetime of Achievement award from Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta. Lois continues to be an advocate for Israel and dedicates herself to the Atlanta Jewish Community, where she and Larry live.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eThe interview focuses on how Lois came to be involved in the Jewish community as an advocate and activist, discussing her early years in Florida and how she made connections with members of the Atlanta Jewish community. She recalls her early childhood, moving from Miami Beach to St. Petersburg, where there was a much smaller Jewish community. She recounts her family history, and how her grandparents came to the United States, particularly her grandfather who immigrated illegally because he was ill and would not be allowed through Ellis Island. Lois recounts a conversation with her mother, her mother grew up in Key West and told Lois that she and her brothers would light fires along the beach to guide Jews arriving from Cuba into the United States by boat. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eLois reflects on her childhood, recalling that her parents were not practicing Jews and did practice any Jewish traditions. Regardless, she expresses that she was very proud to be Jewish. She recalls attending BBYO and dating both Jewish and non-Jewish boys. Lois shares that while her parents did not practice any Jewish traditions, her brother strongly influenced her to explore her faith more deeply. Lois recalls that her brother served in the Third Army during World War II and his experience liberating a camp made him a Zionist. Lois also remembers that her parents held values that aligned with the Democratic party, but Lois believes that ultimately, they were Jewish values. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eLois details how she came to be involved in the civil rights movement, describing how friends studying at northern colleges made her aware of the organizations that supported the movement. Lois remembers reaching out to the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, they directed her to the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and Lois began volunteering with them. Lois expresses her long-held disdain for segregation and racism, even as a teenager. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eLois recounts inviting Martin Luther King Jr. to speak at Emory University, in a room suitable for 35 people. Lois reminisces on picking up King and his wife Coretta Scott King and bringing them to Emory, where over 1,000 people were waiting to hear him speak. She reflects fondly on the experience. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eLois shares about how she met her husband, Larry, talking about how they were set up on a blind date. Lois remembers being told that Larry was captain of the Vanderbilt University football team when they played in the Gator Bowl. Lois jokingly mentions that she expected him to look like actor Tab Hunter, and was disappointed when she met Larry in person. Lois expresses that her disappointment was short-lived and she became smitten with Larry and they married in 1963. She talks about Larry’s dedication to Zionism and the state of Israel. Lois recounts how she and Larry became involved in their work in the Jewish community, following news of the Six-Day War closely. Lois details that their interest in the news was noticed by the executive director of Atlanta Jewish Federation, Mike Gettinger, and he invited them to join Jewish Federation and their work. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eLois is asked about her legacy and what values she would like to pass down to future generations and she talks about her children and values. She expresses the importance of helping others, a fundamental part of her Jewish faith, but also as a human being. Lois goes on to recount how she met Yitz Greenberg and the profound influence he had on her. Lois describes attending Camp Barney Medintz and hearing Yitz speak. She expresses that his words were very powerful for her. Lois and Larry began sending their children to Jewish day school and Lois served as waterfront director at Camp Barney Medintz for two summers. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eLois shares about her experience at camp, meeting Ephraim Frankel and joining him in fasting for Tisha B'Av. Lois discusses how much she enjoyed the experience and decided to begin keeping kosher in her home. She details how this was an important lesson for her children and a way for them to remember every day that they are Jewish. Lois discusses how she believes that keeping kosher taught her children discipline, avoiding doing things just because the majority was doing it. Lois goes on to express her fear of a group mentality, recalling that her brother told her about the Milgram experiment after he returned from service in World War II. Lois details the Milgram experiment and what it taught her, she talks about how she taught the lesson to think for herself to her sons. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eLois talks about her experience at Atlanta University, describing it as a somewhat difficult experience as a white person in a historically black university. Lois recalls that there was a Jewish professor but she feels that overall she was seen as a “white do-gooder”. Lois recounts a negative experience at Atlanta University when she invited her classmates to her apartment to work on a class project and have lunch. Lois recalls that her classmates failed to show up and didn’t call to explain their absence, Lois expresses that she was very hurt by that experience. Lois also remembers being unable to attend the Selma to Montgomery marches because she was pregnant with her first son, Joshua, at the time. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eLois discusses her experiences working with the black community as a Jewish activist, she expresses there has been a warm relationship between the two communities, although recently there has been some tension. Lois mentions that overall she doesn’t think the black community understands the discrimination Jews also face because Jews have been successful in society. Lois goes on to talk about the Israel-Palestine conflict and how that has impacted the relationship between the black and Jewish communities. Lois expresses that she believes many black people identify with Palestinians and feel distrust towards the Jewish community as a result. Lois shares about her group of friends, both black and Jewish women, that she has traveled with and engages in political discussions with. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eLois further talks about her legacy and children, expressing that Judaism has served as the path for her to be compassionate and caring. Lois emphasizes the importance of community in activism, she discusses joining a larger community of people advocating for compassion and social change. Lois expresses that she feels there is much more power in numbers, and community is important to change.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/29194"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Baker, Betsy (personal name)","Blumenthal, Elaine (personal name)","Blumenthal, Jerry (personal name)","Eizenstat, Frances (1944-2013) (personal name)","Eizenstat, Stuart Elliott (b. 1943) (personal name)","Fackenheim, Emil Ludwig (1916-2003) (personal name)","Franco, Phyllis (1938-2022) (personal name)","Franco, Richard (personal name)","Frank, Joshua (b. 1965) (personal name)","Frank, Larry (personal name)","Frank, Lois (b. 1941) (personal name)","Frankel, Ephraim (1930-2012) (personal name)","Gettinger, Max C. “Mike” (1911-2000) (personal name)","Greenberg, Irving Yitzchak “Yitz” (b. 1933) (personal name)","Hillel (also known as ‘Hillel the Elder’) (personal name)","King, Martin Luther, Jr. (1929-1968) (personal name)","Lewis, John Robert (1940-2020) (personal name)","Milgram, Stanley (1933-1984) (personal name)","Palay, Dr. Bernard “Bernie” (1930-2013) (personal name)","Palay, Sandra “Sandy” [Kingloff] (b. 1933) (personal name)","Patton, General George Smith, Jr. (1885-1945) (personal name)","Planer, Barbara [Cooper] (b. 1936) (personal name)","Planer, Richard “Dick” (b. 1935) (personal name)","Schwartz, Marcia (personal name)","Schwartz, Michael (b. 1942) (personal name)","Scott King, Coretta (1927-2006) (personal name)","Szold, Henrietta (1860-1945) (personal name)","Agnes Scott College (corporate name)","Ahavath Achim Synagogue (AA) (corporate name)","AJC Project Interchange (corporate name)","The American Jewish Committee of Atlanta is a regional branch of the American Jewish Committee (AJC) (corporate name)","Atlanta University (corporate name)","B’nai B’rith Youth Organization (BBYO) (corporate name)","The City College of the City University of New York (corporate name)","The Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) (corporate name)","Cornell University (corporate name)","Emory University (corporate name)","Georgia Institute of Technology (corporate name)","Hadassah: The Women’s Zionist Organization of America (corporate name)","The Jacob Blaustein Institute for the Advancement of Human Rights (corporate name)","Jewish Coalition for Literacy (corporate name)","The Jewish Counsel for Public Affairs (corporate name)","Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta (corporate name)","MAZON: A Jewish Response to Hunger (corporate name)","The Salvation Army (corporate name)","The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) (corporate name)","The Southern Regional Council (SRC) (corporate name)","The St. Petersburg Times (corporate name)","The Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) (corporate name)","The Tampa Bay Times (corporate name)","University of Florida (corporate name)","Vanderbilt University (corporate name)","The William Bremen Jewish Heritage Museum (corporate name)","Women's Philanthropy (corporate name)","Auburn Avenue (geographic term)","Camp Barney Medintz (geographic term)","Clearwater, Florida (geographic term)","Cuba (geographic term)","Ellis Island (geographic term)","Harlem, New York (geographic term)","Israel (geographic term)","​​Key West, Florida (geographic term)","Kyiv, Ukraine (geographic term)","Miami Beach, Florida (geographic term)","Montreal, Canada (geographic term)","New Haven, Connecticut (geographic term)","Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (geographic term)","Russia (geographic term)","St. Petersburg, Florida (geographic term)","Sarasota, Florida (geographic term)","Tampa, Florida (geographic)","Toronto, Canada (geographic term)","The American Civil Rights Movement (topical term)","Underground Railroad (topical term)","Zionism (topical term)","Expo 67 (named event)","The Gator Bowl (named event)","The Selma to Montgomery marches (named event)","The Six-Day War (named event)","World War II (named event)","bat mitzvah (chronological term)","Seder (chronological term)","Tisha B'Av (chronological term)","The Democratic Party (other)","Kashrut (other)","Kosher (other)","The Ku Klux Klan (other)","The Milgram experiment (other)","The National Socialist German Workers’ Party/Nazi Party (other)","Prophetic Judaism (other)","Third United States Army (other)","Yiddish (other)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eLois Frank was interviewed by Betsy Baker on August 22, 2023, in Atlanta, Georgia.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLois [Lubin] Frank was born in Miami Beach, Florida. She is the only child born to\u0026nbsp;Meyer and Terri [Stein] Lubin. Her parents married in 1937, and Lois\u0026rsquo; older brother and sister were children from her mother\u0026rsquo;s first marriage. When she was nine years old, her family moved to St. Petersburg, Florida, where she grew up. Her parents were proprietors of hotels in the area. Lois did not grow up in a practicing Jewish household and there was not a very large Jewish community in St. Petersburg. However, Lois attended BBYO, where she connected with other young Jewish people. She credits her brother, Leonard, as her biggest influence in further exploring Judaism.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eLois moved to Atlanta, Georgia to attend Emory University where she became involved in the civil rights movement, meeting Martin Luther King Jr. when she arranged to have him speak at Emory. To further her efforts in the civil rights movement, Lois chose to attend graduate school at Atlanta University, a historically black university. While attending Emory University, Lois met ​​Vanderbilt University football captain, Larry Frank. Lois and Larry married in 1963. Their first son, Joshua, was born in 1965. Together they have four children, Joshua, Adam, Aaron, and Isaac.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAfter connecting with Mike Gettinger, the executive director of Atlanta Jewish Federation, and an inspiring experience at Camp Barney Medintz with Yitz Greenberg, Lois and Larry began exploring their Jewish faith more deeply and became involved with the Atlanta and global Jewish community. Together they have dedicated themselves to philanthropic causes and frequently traveled to Israel, where their son Adam is a rabbi.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eLois has served the Jewish community through numerous organizations, including The Jacob Blaustein Institute for the Advancement of Human Rights as a board member, The American Jewish Committee of Atlanta as president, The Jewish Counsel for Public Affairs as national chair, and MAZON: A Jewish Response to Hunger as a board member. In May 2023, Lois received the 2023 Lifetime of Achievement award from Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta. Lois continues to be an advocate for Israel and dedicates herself to the Atlanta Jewish Community, where she and Larry live.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe interview focuses on how Lois came to be involved in the Jewish community as an advocate and activist, discussing her early years in Florida and how she made connections with members of the Atlanta Jewish community. She recalls her early childhood, moving from Miami Beach to St. Petersburg, where there was a much smaller Jewish community. She recounts her family history, and how her grandparents came to the United States, particularly her grandfather who immigrated illegally because he was ill and would not be allowed through Ellis Island. Lois recounts a conversation with her mother, her mother grew up in Key West and told Lois that she and her brothers would light fires along the beach to guide Jews arriving from Cuba into the United States by boat.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eLois reflects on her childhood, recalling that her parents were not practicing Jews and did practice any Jewish traditions. Regardless, she expresses that she was very proud to be Jewish. She recalls attending BBYO and dating both Jewish and non-Jewish boys. Lois shares that while her parents did not practice any Jewish traditions, her brother strongly influenced her to explore her faith more deeply. Lois recalls that her brother served in the Third Army during World War II and his experience liberating a camp made him a Zionist. Lois also remembers that her parents held values that aligned with the Democratic party, but Lois believes that ultimately, they were Jewish values.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eLois details how she came to be involved in the civil rights movement, describing how friends studying at northern colleges made her aware of the organizations that supported the movement. Lois remembers reaching out to the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, they directed her to the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and Lois began volunteering with them. Lois expresses her long-held disdain for segregation and racism, even as a teenager.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eLois recounts inviting Martin Luther King Jr. to speak at Emory University, in a room suitable for 35 people. Lois reminisces on picking up King and his wife Coretta Scott King and bringing them to Emory, where over 1,000 people were waiting to hear him speak. She reflects fondly on the experience.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eLois shares about how she met her husband, Larry, talking about how they were set up on a blind date. Lois remembers being told that Larry was captain of the Vanderbilt University football team when they played in the Gator Bowl. Lois jokingly mentions that she expected him to look like actor Tab Hunter, and was disappointed when she met Larry in person. Lois expresses that her disappointment was short-lived and she became smitten with Larry and they married in 1963. She talks about Larry\u0026rsquo;s dedication to Zionism and the state of Israel. Lois recounts how she and Larry became involved in their work in the Jewish community, following news of the Six-Day War closely. Lois details that their interest in the news was noticed by the executive director of Atlanta Jewish Federation, Mike Gettinger, and he invited them to join Jewish Federation and their work.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eLois is asked about her legacy and what values she would like to pass down to future generations and she talks about her children and values. She expresses the importance of helping others, a fundamental part of her Jewish faith, but also as a human being. Lois goes on to recount how she met Yitz Greenberg and the profound influence he had on her. Lois describes attending Camp Barney Medintz and hearing Yitz speak. She expresses that his words were very powerful for her. Lois and Larry began sending their children to Jewish day school and Lois served as waterfront director at Camp Barney Medintz for two summers.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eLois shares about her experience at camp, meeting Ephraim Frankel and joining him in fasting for Tisha B'Av. Lois discusses how much she enjoyed the experience and decided to begin keeping kosher in her home. She details how this was an important lesson for her children and a way for them to remember every day that they are Jewish. Lois discusses how she believes that keeping kosher taught her children discipline, avoiding doing things just because the majority was doing it. Lois goes on to express her fear of a group mentality, recalling that her brother told her about the Milgram experiment after he returned from service in World War II. Lois details the Milgram experiment and what it taught her, she talks about how she taught the lesson to think for herself to her sons.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eLois talks about her experience at Atlanta University, describing it as a somewhat difficult experience as a white person in a historically black university. Lois recalls that there was a Jewish professor but she feels that overall she was seen as a \u0026ldquo;white do-gooder\u0026rdquo;. Lois recounts a negative experience at Atlanta University when she invited her classmates to her apartment to work on a class project and have lunch. Lois recalls that her classmates failed to show up and didn\u0026rsquo;t call to explain their absence, Lois expresses that she was very hurt by that experience. Lois also remembers being unable to attend the Selma to Montgomery marches because she was pregnant with her first son, Joshua, at the time.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eLois discusses her experiences working with the black community as a Jewish activist, she expresses there has been a warm relationship between the two communities, although recently there has been some tension. Lois mentions that overall she doesn\u0026rsquo;t think the black community understands the discrimination Jews also face because Jews have been successful in society. Lois goes on to talk about the Israel-Palestine conflict and how that has impacted the relationship between the black and Jewish communities. Lois expresses that she believes many black people identify with Palestinians and feel distrust towards the Jewish community as a result. Lois shares about her group of friends, both black and Jewish women, that she has traveled with and engages in political discussions with.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eLois further talks about her legacy and children, expressing that Judaism has served as the path for her to be compassionate and caring. Lois emphasizes the importance of community in activism, she discusses joining a larger community of people advocating for compassion and social change. Lois expresses that she feels there is much more power in numbers, and community is important to change.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/207/820/small/Frank_Lois.mp4_1694215964.jpg?1694215971","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Frank__Lois.mp4"]},"duration":2333.187,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/207/820/small/Frank_Lois.mp4_1694215964.jpg?1694215971","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/207/820/original/Frank__Lois.mp4?1694215960","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":2333.187,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Frank, Lois [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BAKER: Let me welcome with great honor, Lois Frank. My name is Betsy Baker and\ntoday is August 22, 2023. I would like to thank Lois for participating in the\nEsther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Project of the William Bremen Jewish\nHeritage Museum. Lois has so many ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"honors that it would take the whole video to\ntell you about her. She is a current board member of the Blaustein Institute of\nHuman Rights, Project Interchange. She's a past president of the American Jewish\nCommittee of Atlanta. The former national chair for the Jewish Counsel for\nPublic Affairs, former board member of MAZON, former national chair of the\nJewish Coalition for Literacy, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"past president of Women's Philanthropy at Jewish\nFederation, and on and on. She has received so many awards. I am so proud to\ncall her a friend of over a half century, and it is with great pleasure that I\nwant to hear from Lois so many things about her that we just don't know. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lois,\nlet's just start with telling us about where and when you were born. How much\nyou know about your grandparents and when they came to the South, or when your\nparents came to the South. How much about your past history do you know?\n\nFRANK: Betsy, thank you. Thanks for that beautiful introduction. I was born\nNovember 9th, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1941, in Miami Beach, Florida, where my parents were very modest\nmeans. They had married in Miami, it was my mother's second marriage, and they\nwere managers of other people's hotels for many, many years. When I was nine\nyears old, my parents left Miami Beach and moved to St. Petersburg, Florida,\nwhere they decided to build their own hotel, or motel, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and put down their own\nroots and St Petersburg. It was a very big contrast between Miami Beach,\nFlorida, where I was raised in a very Jewish population to Saint Petersburg,\nFlorida, where there were very, very few Jews, about one or two in my graduating\nclass of high school. It was a unique experience. In terms of my grandparents, I\nknew only one of my grandparents. That was my mother's mother who lived in\nMiami. But the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family stories prevailed, my grandparents came from Russia. The\nstory is very interesting, how they came on my mother's side and lived in\nPhiladelphia [Pennsylvania] and eventually moved to Key West, Florida. Where\nthey had a business opportunity, where my mother was raised in Key West before\nthere was a bridge across. I do want to share one important story about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the\nearly roots, my mother told me . . . I was talking to her about sea turtles\nlaying their eggs on the beach at night, and she said, \"I used to see that a lot\nwhen I was a kid.\" I said, \"What were you doing down on the beach at night, Mom?\nLooking for sea turtles?\" She said, \"Oh, no. My brothers and I would build fires\nalong the beach at Key West at intervals where the illegals from Cuba would use\nthe fires to guide their boats to shore so they could get in for the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"underground\n. . . basically underground railroad of Jews that came in from Key West and then\nfound their way up north when they were trying to get into this country before\nthey were able to get in legally.\" My grandfather was noted as a smuggler in a\nbook about the Jews of Key West, I'm very proud of those roots. My father? My\nfather's family was from Key West. He also had an interesting story, he was the\nfirst born in this country, as was my mother of their ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"generation. My father's\nfather came from the area of Kyiv [Ukraine], left to avoid the Russian army\ndraft, as so many Jews did, came via London. He was very poor, The Salvation\n[Army] cared for him in London. He came on a very, very low-class stowage kind\nof ticket to New York. When he got to Ellis Island, he had a rash and they\nwouldn't allow him off the boat, and they wanted to send him ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"back, which was the\nworst of nightmares to him. When they got to the port in Toronto [Canada], he\ndove overboard and swam into shore, crossed the border illegally, the\nCanadian-American border, and found his way to New Haven [Connecticut] where he\nhad family. I'm very proud of my illegal immigrant roots, too. Those were my\nfamily stories from those early days. My real conscious awareness of being a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jew\nin the South started in St. Petersburg, Florida, from the age of nine.\n\nBAKER: Were you brought up, Lois, in a Jewish home? Was it a religious home? Did\nyou practice the holidays? Did you keep kosher? How did you experience your\nJudaism in St. Petersburg?\n\nFRANK: We were strongly Jewish, very identified as Jews, very proud. I hate to\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"say, almost . . . I had a feeling of being superior as Jews, but I never saw my\nparents in the synagogue. We never had a seder at home. We had no Jewish\ntraditions in our home. My mother pooh-poohed it totally, she felt it was a lot\nof witchcraft. In fact, when I decided, probably in my mid-twenties, to start\nkeeping kosher, she said, \"I got rid of that superstition stuff years ago. I\ncan't believe you're going back to it!\" She was very secular; my family was very\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"secular. It was once I left home, that I pursued my own education about being\nJewish. I was not bat mitzvahed. I did . . . They did send me to a few years of\nreligious school in St. Petersburg, but they were really very unsuccessful in\nterms of awakening my Judaism. However, I always was very proud of being Jewish\nand very strongly identified.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BAKER: Did you date Jewish boys, Lois? Did you have lots of Jewish friends? Did\nyou go to BBYO [formerly B'nai B'rith Youth Organization] Or any of those\norganizational team things?\n\nFRANK: We had few, few Jews in St. Petersburg and fewer at my high school, but\nwe did have BBYO. That's where the Jewish kids from Tampa, Sarasota, Clearwater,\nthe geographic area we lived in . . . We were miles from each ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other, 25 to 50\nmiles from each other . . . But we would get together at BBYO, and I had kind of\na schizophrenic life, I was . . . I dated non-Jewish boys in high school. My\nparents really . . . sadness and disapproval, but I also dated Jewish boys that\nI met at BBYO. I was able to keep a balance. Some of the boys from Tampa would\ninvite us out, they were older, they'd invited us to University of Florida for\nweekends. I must say, my most serious boyfriend ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was not Jewish, my high school\nboyfriend, and I thought we were still a number when I left for Emory\n[University], when again, my life changed drastically.\n\nBAKER: Tell me a little bit about being Jewish, choosing a congregation. Was\nthere a rabbi who influenced you to a great extent? Jewish summer camp, perhaps?\nWhat influenced you as you became more Jewish in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta?\n\nFRANK: I do want to preface this and just back up a minute, because I think in\nterms of the strongest influence on me, Jewishly, was my brother. My brother was\n17 when I was born. He and my sister were the children of my mother's first\nhusband. I didn't realize, I wasn't told until I was 21 that my father was not\ntheir father, which is pretty shocking because my parents had been married many,\nmany ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years without telling me that this was my mother's second marriage, which\nhad a lot to do with the times and divorce during those days. My brother served\nin Patton's Third Army when he was young, 17 or 18. He went into the Army right\nout of high school, and he was profoundly influenced by his experience. He\nliberated a work camp in Germany. He spoke Yiddish because family spoke Yiddish\nat home, in his growing-up years. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was used as a forward scout because there\nwas a similarity between Yiddish and German. His experience in liberating that\ncamp informed him and made him a Zionist. His love of Israel was pervasive in\nthe early years. He was very driven by Prophetic Judaism, by the need for Jews\nto perfect the world, to repair the world, and to do good in the name of\nJudaism. Much more so than my parents, I think. That was the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"message. I'll also\nsay, and I somewhat fault my family for this, a lot of the liberal democratic\nvalues I was raised with are concerned about the poor, are concerned about\nconstitutional issues, about individual freedoms and rights, and obligations to\nthe poor, and not to put a stumbling block in front of the blind. Those were\nthings that were taught to me as liberal democratic values, not as Jewish\nvalues. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was only later that I realized the roots of that was from Judaism,\nnot necessarily from the Democratic Party.\n\nBAKER: You have been very active in black-Jewish relations and have an\ninteresting background in terms of your education and how that came to be. Talk\na little bit about that, if you will.\n\nFRANK: Good. When I was at Emory, it was in the late fifties and early sixties,\nMartin Luther King [Jr.] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was really just becoming the personality, just being\nknown in this country. I remember going home at Christmas and I met some of the\nJewish boys who were going to school in the North, City College [of New York]\nand Cornell [University]. Many of them had come from the North and were going\nback to the North to school. They said, \"What's going on with CORE [Congress of\nRacial Equality] and SNCC [The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee] in\nAtlanta?\" I didn't even know what CORE and SNCC were. When I came back after\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Christmas break, I called the SCLC [Southern Christian Leadership Conference] ,\nMartin Luther King's organization, and said, \"I'd like to do something. I'd like\nto know more about it.\" They directed me to SNCC. That was John Lewis' office,\nit was down on Auburn Avenue, and I had a car, and I went down there and\nvolunteered. That was the beginning of my involvement with the civil rights\nmovement. I was very smitten . . . I didn't mention that back in my high school\ndays, I even have a copy of a letter I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wrote to the St. Petersburg Times asking\nwhy the black high school didn't have their news on the high school page, on the\nSaturday high school reports. I knew about segregation, I hated it. We had a\nblack high school in my town. My parents had lovely, at that time, black,\ncolored, now African American workers in our hotel and our motel that I was very\nfond of. People ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who had been really close to our family as employees that I\nthink were wonderfully kind to me and that made an impact. I was aware of\nsegregation, and it was only after my friends from the North told me about these\ncivil rights organizations that I jumped in and decided to go to Atlanta\nUniversity for graduate school because it was the height of the civil rights\nmovement. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I do want to just tell a story that I think is worth telling. While I\nwas at Emory, it was 1993 [memoirist likely meant 1963], I chaired a speaker's\nbureau at the university. It was a student colloquium, and we took turns on our\ncommittee inviting speakers to speak on whatever topic we wanted to. Emil\nFackenheim spoke, the Jewish historian, philosopher, and George Beattie from\nGeorgia Tech spoke. We had a lot of different ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"speakers. I called Martin Luther\nKing at the SCLC, I didn't speak to him, I spoke to his administrator and asked\nif he would come to speak at Emory. They said yes! I reserved the room, a room\nfor 35 people, which is what we generally got at our speakers. I went and picked\nup Coretta [Scott King] and Martin at their parent's home on Boulevard . . . I\nthink it was on Boulevard, maybe it was on Edgewood ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or Auburn Avenue . . . and\nbrought them to Emory, and when we got to Emory, there were a thousand people\nstanding out in the yard waiting for him. We had a room for 35 at the Alumni\nMemorial Building. It was shocking, I had no idea there was going to be this\nkind of a response. He started out speaking on the steps of the Alumni Memorial\nBuilding. Eventually, they let us in, and he spoke inside. It was a brilliant,\nbrilliant talk, really captured everything a student at that time . . . I was so\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"interested. It was about music and art, and about biblical teachings, and about\nphilosophy. It was an absolutely brilliant talk. I found out later that he had\nspoken at Agnes Scott [College] and the Klan had come to Agnes Scott, and Emory\nwas very fearful about any kind of notoriety or problems on campus when he came.\nThey tried to keep it low-key, but obviously, a thousand people found out about\nit and showed up. It was one of the highlights of my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years at Emory. I didn't\nget to take him home that night, but it was certainly a treat to pick him up and\nto have him there, and it was really memorable.\n\nBAKER: Talk a little bit about your long relationship with a wonderful husband,\nLarry Frank. When you met Larry, your values together, how you progressed, and\nhow both of you became such advocates for Israel.\n\nFRANK: It was a blind date. Someone ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said . . . I asked someone in the room when\nhe called me, \"Does anybody know Larry Frank?\" And they said, \"Yes, he played .\n. . He was the captain of the Vanderbilt [University] football team and played\nin the Gator Bowl. He was captain of the Gator Bowl.\" I had in my mind a vision\nof this, if you all remember him, Tab Hunter, tall, blond, handsome, strapping.\nLarry came to pick me up that night, he had asked me out for a couple of\nevenings to go to a football game and for dinner, and he was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not what I expected\nwhen he came to the door. I said, \"I'm sorry, I made a mistake. I can't go out\nto the game next week.\" He said, \"Oh no, I've already bought tickets. We already\nhave plans, you're going.\" After that first date, I was smitten. The things that\nreally made me care about Larry then, and like him, and the things that make me\nlove him, even still today . . . He was really the Zionist. His mother had been\nthe . . . regional president of Hadassah, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my mother-in-law, who was an\nexceptional woman and a dear friend of mine. Even before I married Larry, she\nand I had lunch together, she said, \"I'll always love you, dear. I don't know\nwhether Larry loves you, but I'll love you forever.\" She was just an exceptional\nwoman. Larry told me that in her years working for Hadassah, there was a picture\nof Henrietta Szold, the founder of Hadassah, in the foyer of their house. He\nused to genuflect in front of the picture when he came ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in because he was really\nhimself, such a Zionist and advocate from the earliest years of the\nestablishment of the state. Just to tell you how we became involved, Larry and I\nhad gone to the World's Fair in Montreal [Canada], and as we were on the plane,\nthe war broke out, the war broke out in Israel. Mike Gettinger happened to have\nbeen on the same plane. Mike Gettinger ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was the executive director of [Atlanta\nJewish] Federation. We both ran to find a radio or a television at the airport\nto find out what the status was. Mike saw our interest, invited Larry and me to\nbecome involved in Federation and our work with Israel. That was the beginning\nof our early link with the Jewish community in the Federation around the issue\nof Israel and all the good work of Federation.\n\nBAKER: You ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"married, what year did you marry?\n\nFRANK: We married in 1963. I often say the jury's still out on this marriage,\nbut we're going on 60 years, and I think it may make it.\n\nBAKER: Lois, obviously both you and Larry are going to leave a great legacy, but\ntalk a little bit about your values and what they hold and what you would like\nto pass down ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"value-wise to future generations.\n\nFRANK: Wow, that's a big question. I think it started with the children, of\ncourse. We have four sons. For me, it was always Hillel's: \"If I am not for\nmyself, who will be for me?\" As a Jew, we need to care about ourselves, but if\nI'm only for myself what good am I? We're members of mankind, of all of\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"humanity. It's not just about being Jewish. I've always been very proud of what\nJews do outside of the community, even in the name of Jews for others. If not\nnow, when? Meaning, we got to do what we can do, while we can do it. Those are\nthe values that I think that have really informed us. In truth, Larry hasn't\ninvested himself as much in the non-Jewish community as I have, but he ran a\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"business. He ran two businesses over the course of our marriage and the\nrelationships he's maintained with the people who worked for him, even from his\nfirst business, are really profound. He still stays in touch; he's very much\ninvolved in the personal lives of people who have worked for him. I think that's\na real commentary [on] his character.\n\nBAKER: The synagogue ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"affiliations and declaring, if you will, Jewish . . . Let's\ntalk about Yitz Greenberg because he had a great influence on you, as I recall.\n\nFRANK: It's interesting, I have never loved synagogue . . . I've never loved\nsynagogue life, but very early . . . we had two children . . . Mike Gettinger,\nagain, Federation ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"executive director, invited Larry and me to go on a retreat to\nCamp Barney Medintz with about ten other couples. Marcia, Michael Schwartz,\nPhyllis and Richard Franco, Barbara, Dick Planer, Stu and Fran Eizenstat, Elaine\nand Jerry Blumenthal, Sandy and Bernie Palay, Gordon and Betsy Sugarman. I\nremember them because it was a profound experience. He was bringing in a scholar\nin residence for the weekend and we were all gathered in a room, and in walks a\nvery tall, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what at the moment I thought was not the most attractive guy I'd ever\nseen. He started to talk, and what he said was so profound, and it touched me so\ndeeply. By the end of the week, I thought he was about the sexiest guy I'd ever\nseen because his message was so terrific. It was mostly about God, but God and\nman, and about holiness, and about how ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even if you didn't believe in God, how\nyou could behave in a way that was holy. About the way you approach time, the\nway you approach everything in life, about eating, about sex, about everything\ncould be holy. I was so moved by that; it was so logical, and it was so\napproachable in terms of really living a good life. He changed my life; I became\na student. Yitz, in so many ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ways, opened the door to education and learning\nabout being Jewish and what it meant, and all of our sources and learning, and\nwith the traditions. I can say today, I'm still not a tradition keeper, but I am\nstill a student and have been since those years with Yitz. He had a profound\ninfluence on me, we chose to send our children to day school, to Jewish day\nschool, because I couldn't teach them. I didn't have the background, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I\nwanted them to have it. I remember saying to Larry, \"It's like to be a Jewish\nman, you have to know Judaism. You have to be able to pray, you have to be\nliterate in Hebrew, all of which I was not. It's like being able to order wine,\nyou need as an adult man to be able to order wine to know what you're doing. To\nbe an adult Jew, you have to be knowledgeable.\" Our kids went to day school, and\nI think it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a profound difference in their lives. I think it's added\nimmeasurably to the quality of life, to the meaning of our lives as a family.\nThat was Yitz, and I credit him very much for that. After that, years later, I\ntook a job for two summers as the waterfront director at Camp Barney Medintz.\nThe camp was going under, they were having a lot of problems. A lot of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"staff\nwas into pot. The camp was going down and there was a push in the community to\ntry to revitalize Camp Barney before we lost it. I decided that I would go and\nbe the waterfront director. I'd always been a swimmer. I swam on a girl swim\nteam at Emory.\n\nBAKER: Weren't you a cook one year?\n\nFRANK: No, that was Doris Goldstein's . . .\n\nBAKER: Doris cooked?\n\nFRANK: Doris Goldstein's sister was the cook.\n\nBAKER: I remember when you went . . .\n\nFRANK: I did go, I did the waterfront.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BAKER: . . . But I couldn't believe you were leaving Larry, leaving your family,\ngoing to camp. Continue with that, that's great fun.\n\nFRANK: I took a job as the waterfront director at Barney for two summers. The\nfour boys went to camp with me the first summer, two of them were with me in my\nlittle staff cabin, and I had a babysitter. Then the second year, three of them\nwere in cabins. What happened to me that summer, Jewishly, was interesting.\nFirst of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all, I learned the prayer after meals, which was really nice, because\nwe did it every single meal and I realized the more you do it, the more you\nlearn it. The second summer, Ephraim Frankel was one of the scholars in\nresidence, they had different rabbis come up and spend the week at camp. We\nshared a bathroom because I was in the staff quarters and they were in the staff\nquarters. The first time I had learned to call some of these rabbis by their\nfirst names, as we were brushing our teeth together in the bathroom. Ephraim\nFrankel, who was my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children's principal at the Hebrew academy, was up there for\nthe week and he made an announcement, \"If anyone wants to fast on Tisha B'Av,\nmeet me at the flagpole in the morning.\" Tisha B'Av fell during that summer\nwhile we were at camp. I looked out the window of the dining hall after\nbreakfast and nobody was standing at the flagpole with Ephraim Frankel, and I\nfelt terrible. I went out and I said, \"I'll fast with you.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We did, and it was\nonly Ephraim, me, and one of the campers. You know what? It was a very uplifting\nexperience. I just felt so good about that experience, I decided I wanted to do\nsomething more Jewishly. I decided to keep kosher when we got home, because the\ncamp was kosher and I kind of liked that. I got some counsel when I got back, it\nwas Rabbi Cohen's wife, Sandra Cohen, who helped me kind of set up my kashrut in\nthe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kitchen at home. We've been keeping kosher ever since, and I'm glad, I think\nit's a little reminder. I remember saying to the boys, \"It's a little reminder\nevery day that you're Jewish, and I figure if you have the discipline not to eat\npepperoni pizza, you'll have the discipline not to be tempted to do things in\nlife that take a little bit of discipline to avoid doing.\" I used to give them\nthe message, \"Don't be a sheep. If you're going to try pot, do it because ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's\nyour choice, not because of a group influence.\" I've always been very afraid of\nthe influence of a group. Let me just take it aside here, I talk about my\nbrother and my brother got home from the war. Stanley Milgram, I think that's\nhis name, had done a study after the war about how people could be so inhumane\nto one another in thinking about the Nazis. He did a study, the Milgram study.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's very famous now, about a group of people who were brought into a lab to be\npart of a study, and they are supposed to give shocks to people in another room\nand they are to follow the authorities' rules. He will tell you when to ratchet\nup the shock and you just do that and they're taking a scientific study on this,\nhow much shock people can tolerate. Unbeknownst to the people who were giving\nthe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"shocks, the people in the other room were actors, but they would ratchet up\nthe shock and people in the other room would start screaming and the prompter,\nthe authority would say, \"Don't worry about it. This is part of the experiment.\nRatchet it up a little bit more.\" They'd ratchet up the shocks and people in the\nother room were saying, \"Stop, stop, I want to get out of here!\" The lesson was\nthat people were ready to defer to authority. When an authority figure was at\nthe front of the room in his lab ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"coat, people were willing to do whatever he\nsaid without using their own judgment, without confronting the authority. I was\nraised with my brother's lesson, think for yourself. Don't let someone tell you\nwhat to do. Make your decisions about what's right and wrong and speak up for\nthat, and don't act according to someone else's rules. That Milgram study was\nvery big for me, and that was the same lesson that I gave to the kids, think for\nyourself, don't . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've always worried about the kids being part of a group\nor mob psychology. Think for yourself and don't participate in something you\nknow is wrong.\n\nBAKER: Lois, you certainly thought for yourself when you went to Atlanta\nUniversity. You must have been the only white person in a sea of black faces on\nthat campus. Talk a little bit about, how did you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"feel? What did you think?\nCertainly, you were thinking for yourself.\n\nFRANK: There were a few other whites, too, in my class. No, I guess my class was\nmaybe 50, so we were few. I can't say it wasn't somewhat of a painful experience\nbecause we were never really totally accepted. I'll tell you two stories . . . I\ngot my master's degree in social ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"work, and I think social workers in themselves\nwere a unique group. I think they were dealing with feelings and very\ninsightful. We had some terrific faculty members, one of which, by the way, was\na Jewish man who came as part of the German intellectuals who left Germany and\ngot jobs at largely historic black colleges, which was an interesting story in\nitself. But most of the faculty was black and I was never really accepted. I\nthink I was seen as a white ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do-gooder. At that time, the blacks were very much\ninto self-reliance, self-direction, and . . . they didn't want white help. At\nleast that was the message, particularly by some of the students who had gone to\nnorthern universities. We worked together on a project, and I remember asking my\nclassmates to come for lunch. We were going to work on a project together, I\nthought it'd be really nice if they all came over to my apartment and had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lunch.\nWe set a date and a time, and the time and date came, and no one came. I called\nthe dorms and one of the girls came to the phone and she said, \"We had no\nwheels, we had no way to get there, so we just didn't come.\" I remember that was\nso profound. I felt like I was really dissed, and I was. They never thought to\ncall, they never thought to apologize. It was like ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they . . . I don't know if it\nwas passive aggression, but it was definitely aggression. I remember how badly\nit hurt and how much I felt really not part of that friendship circle among the\nother students. The other profound story in my life was that while I was at\nAtlanta University, my entire class went to the original march on Selma. I was\nfour months ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pregnant with our first child and Larry said to me . . . I don't\nknow whether I'm blaming Larry or whether I agreed with him. He said, \"You're\nnot going to that march. It's not safe. You can be hurt. I'm not going to let\nyou go, this is my child, too!\" I didn't go on that march at Selma. Of course,\nit was a moment missed. No one knows what could have happened, I have a\nwonderful son. Our oldest son, Joshua, who was born a few months later that\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"year. It was a moment missed and you'll never know. But it was it was one of\nthose moments, it was memorable.\n\nBAKER: Besides being white, talk a little bit about being Jewish. Do you feel\nthat the black community, the African American community looks on you as a Jew\nand feels a kindred spirit? Or do you feel that the whiteness makes ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it too divisive?\n\nFRANK: I have to say, when I was at Atlanta University, the Jewishness, I never\nfelt it was an issue. It never came up. I never saw myself anything more than\nwhite. Subsequent to that, here in Atlanta, we've had a wonderful history of\nblack-Jewish relations. I've been involved in the Black/Jewish Coalition. John\nLewis was a friend from the time of SNCC and from the days I was on the board of\nthe Southern Regional Council, and he worked with the Southern educators. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've\nhad black friends and worked in the black community for many, many years. It was\nalways a warm relationship between the Jewish community and the black community\nuntil fairly recently when I feel there's been a bit of a schism. The bond among\nsome of us has never broken, and I think for some, the history of our\nrelationship has been very meaningful and very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"important. My Jewishness, in\nterms of most of my life has always been an asset to me, I felt. It was always\nsomething that was almost exotic in my early years of being in a town where\nthere were so few Jews in high school, where there were no Jews. It was never an\nissue at Emory, I never felt that it was a problem. I do think in the eyes of\nthe black community, we're white. I don't think they see us ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as in any way\nsuffering discrimination in our society because Jews have been fairly\nsuccessful. Some have now that antenna up about antisemitism and understand that\nas a minority, we also have had our issues. Some, but not . . . I'd say not the\nmajority of the black community. I don't think they understand it.\n\nBAKER: You certainly are involved in the black community. Do you sense there is\na ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"difference in thinking about Israel and the Palestinian conflict as it relates\nto the black community today?\n\nFRANK: This is a moment in time. You said, \"It's August 2023.\" Yes, I think the\nblack community very much identifies with the Palestinians at this moment in\nhistory. I hope as the years pass and . . . My personal history is looked at,\nthe times will be better than they are today in terms of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Israel's relationship\nwith the Palestinians. I do think that has affected our relationship with the\nblack community. I think the black community identifies with people of color and\nthe oppressed, and I think they see Palestinians that way today. I do want to\nsay also, I've been in a wonderful group of friends. We've been together 35\nyears, now. A group of six black women and six Jewish women. We happened to have\ncome together to hear a speaker one night ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at Spelman College, in the home of the\nthen President, Johnnetta Cole, and the group of women really bonded that night\nat the discussion. We stayed together and we've remained friends. We've traveled\ntogether, we went to Israel together, we've been to Harlem [New York], to\nWashington [D.C.]. We still see each other and get into pretty hot political\ndiscussions in a safe house together. When we went to Israel together, I was so\nproud of the absorption of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Ethiopian community in Israel. That's not the\ncommunity they saw as second-class citizens in Israel. They very astutely picked\nup on the Palestinian Israelis as second-class citizens, which was the case at\nthe time. That was in the early 2000's, I think it's gotten better. I think\nstill that's an issue in Israel, and hopefully, we'll get better as the years pass.\n\nBAKER: . . . To finish that sentence for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me.\n\nFRANK: First, I want them to be compassionate, caring, responsible people in the\nworld. I think Judaism has been the pathway for that for me, and I think it is\nfor them as well. I think it's given us . . . We were born, it was a legacy we\nwere born into. Had we been born into another faith, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that might have been the\npath. I believe that Judaism has provided the path for that, the values I want\nthem to live. I think they are living them as human beings and as Jews. While\nthe jury remains out, as long as we're alive, I feel that those early lessons\nhave borne fruit with our children and hopefully, with our grandchildren.\n\nBAKER: Lois, what have I missed? What would you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like to add in closing that I\nhaven't asked, that's on your mind?\n\nFRANK: Thank you. Thank you for the opportunity. I'll tell you, and it was a\nreal lesson to me, it's a lesson about community, because for many, many years,\nmy years as a student and in my early years of marriage, I was just by myself. I\nwasn't a member of a congregation, or if I was, I wasn't involved. Actually, we\njoined the Ahavath Achim Synagogue because that's where Larry's roots were, and\nhis family had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"belonged. Whatever I did, I kind of did it on my own, and I was\nnot really very powerful. I think the power comes in community, in\norganizations, in groups, in togetherness, and raising our voices together. I\nwould encourage people who care and are activists and care about social justice,\nto do it as part of a community . . . It doesn't have to be the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/transcript/49593/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish\ncommunity, although I think that would be my choice because it's good to work\nfor our community and for others in the name of our community. That would be a\nbig lesson.\n\nBAKER: Thank you so much, Lois. Legacy in your own time, and I'm proud to say,\nmy dear friend.\n\nFRANK: Betsy, Thank you. Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=2310.0,2340.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBetsy [Cohen] Baker is a member of the Atlanta Jewish community. Baker was married to David Baker for 58 years until his death in 2019. Together they had three children Stuart, Curtis, and Trudy. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum in Atlanta celebrates and commemorates Jewish history, culture, and art through events and museum spaces. The Breman also contains the Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History, which houses thousands of manuscripts, oral histories, and photograph collections, related to southern Jewish history and the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jacob Blaustein Institute for the Advancement of Human Rights is a non-profit organization. The organization focuses on human and civil rights and Israel relations. It is named after Jacob Blaustein, a past president of the American Jewish Committee who worked to ensure human rights were protected and advanced by the United Nations. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAJC Project Interchange is an initiative by the American Jewish Committee (AJC), the project brings global opinion leaders and policy makers to Israel for educational experiences, to build connections, and explore the country’s challenges and accomplishments. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Jewish Committee of Atlanta is a regional branch of the American Jewish Committee (AJC). AJC was founded in 1906 to safeguard the welfare and security of Jews worldwide. It is one of the oldest Jewish advocacy organizations in the United States. AJC Atlanta founded the Atlanta Black-Jewish Coalition in 1982 to build relations between the communities, focusing on education, outreach, and advocacy. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Counsel for Public Affairs is an organization focused on strengthening relations between Jewish communities and championing social justice rights. The organization was founded in 1944, their motto is “educate, advocate, and mobilize”.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMAZON: A Jewish Response to Hunger is an organization that focuses on fighting hunger and food insecurity for people of all backgrounds in America and Israel. The organization was founded in 1985 and focuses on policy change, training, and developing strategies to combat hunger, particularly in the most food insecure states in America. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJewish Coalition for Literacy is an organization focused on childhood literacy and education. It was founded Bay Area of San Francisco, California in 1999, now with regional programs in other areas of the country. The organization aims to provide children and their families with tools to encourage and inspire interest in reading and learning. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWomen's Philanthropy is part of Jewish Federations of North America. Jewish Federation of North America focuses on protecting and enhancing the well-being of Jews. Federation's Women’s Philanthropy engages Jewish women in non-profit work to contribute to society and build and support Jewish life. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMiami Beach is an island city in south Florida, connected by bridges to mainland Miami. The city was founded in 1915. It is known for its early 20th century architecture in the Art Deco Historic district.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSt. Petersburg is a city in Florida, in Pinellas County. It is the fifth most populous city in the state, often referred to by locals as St. Pete. The city has several museums including the Museum of Fine Arts, the Salvador Dalí Museum, and The Florida Holocaust Museum. It is located on the Gulf of Mexico, its warm and sunny climate making it a popular area for both younger people and retirees.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKey West is an island in the Straits of Florida, the City of Key West is constituted of four islands. The City of Key West is in Monroe County, and it is the southernmost city in the contiguous United States. It is closer to Havana, Cuba than Miami, Florida, giving the city a large Cuban presence. The area is known for its island weather, making it a popular tourist destination. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePhiladelphia is Pennsylvania's largest city. It has a deep connection to the founding of the United States because it is home of Independence Hall, where the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution were signed. It is also home to the Liberty Bell and other American Revolutionary sites. The city was founded in 1682 by William Penn.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Underground Railroad was a network of secret routes and safe houses in the early to mid-19th century, the end of the American Civil War. It was used until President Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation. It was used by enslaved African Americans to escape enslavement by traveling to free states in the North and Canada. It was created primarily by free African Americans, assisted by abolitionists. The term ‘underground railroad’ also later referred to Jews fleeing Nazi-occupied Norway into Sweden.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKyiv, also known by the Russian spelling Kiev, is the capital and most populous city in Ukraine. In 1918, the Ukrainian People’s Republic declared independence from the Russian Republic. During World War II, it sustained significant damage. In 1991, following the collapse of the Soviet Union, The Act of Declaration of Independence of Ukraine was adopted. The Russo-Ukrainian War began in 2014, with Russia launching a full-scale invasion in 2022. Kyiv remains a crucial cultural center of Eastern Europe, home to higher education institutions and historical landmarks.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Salvation Army is a Christian organization founded by William and Catherine Booth in 1852 in London, England. The Booths worked among the poor in the East End, seeking to bring salvation to the poor, destitute and hungry by meeting both their physical and spiritual needs. Today it is in 126 countries, running charity shops, operating shelters for the homeless, and providing disaster relief and humanitarian aid to developing countries.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEllis Island is an island located in New York Harbor, that is situated between New York and New Jersey. It is owned by the United States government and was the busiest immigrant inspection and processing station in the United States from 1892-1954. Today it is part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument and is now a national museum on immigration.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eToronto is the capital of the Canadian province of Ontario and the most populous city in Canada. Toronto is an international center of business, finance, arts, and sports. Historically, Toronto was an important destination for immigrants to Canada, making it a very diverse and multicultural city today. The city is the location of the headquarters of Canada’s major national broadcast networks and media outlets. It is also the third largest technology hub in North America, after Silicon Valley and New York City. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNew Haven is a city in New Haven County, Connecticut. It is located on New Haven Harbor on the northern shore of the Long Island Sound. It is part of the New York City metropolitan area, and it is the third largest city in Connecticut. It was one of the first planned cities in America and it is home to Yale University, one of the nine colonial colleges chartered before the American Revolution. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKashrut is a set of dietary laws dealing with the foods that Jews are permitted to eat and how those foods must be prepared according to Jewish law. Food that may be consumed is deemed kosher, from the Ashkenazi pronunciation of the Hebrew term kashér, meaning \"fit\" (in this context, \"fit for consumption\"). In colloquial English, kosher often means \"legitimate,\" \"acceptable,\" \"permissible,\" \"genuine,\" or \"authentic.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSeder [Hebrew: order] is a Jewish ritual feast that marks the beginning of the Jewish holiday of Passover. It is conducted on the evening of the fifteenth day of Nisan in the Hebrew calendar throughout the world. Some communities hold seder on both the first two nights of Passover. The seder incorporates prayers, candle lighting, and traditional foods symbolizing the slavery of the Jews and the exodus from Egypt. It is one of the most colorful and joyous occasions in Jewish life.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for “daughter of commandments.” A rite of passage for Jewish girls aged 12 years and one day according to her Hebrew birthday. Many girls have their bat mitzvah around age 13, the same as boys who have their bar mitzvah at that age. The \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e girl is now duty bound to keep the commandments. Synagogue ceremonies are held for \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e girls in Reform and Conservative communities, but it has not won the approval of Orthodox rabbis.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eClearwater is a city in Florida, in Pinellas County. It is located near Tampa and St. Petersburg, on the Gulf of Mexico and Tampa Bay. During World War II, the city became a major training base for American troops. Nearly every hotel in the area was used as barracks and nighttime blackouts regularly occurred. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSarasota is a city in Florida, in Sarasota County. It is located in Southwest Florida, surrounded by several keys including Longboat Key, which is the largest key separating the bay from the Gulf of Mexico. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTampa is a city in Florida, Hillsborough County. It is the third most populous city in the state. The city was founded as a military center during the 19th century when Fort Brooke was established. It is located on the Gulf Coast and the bay’s port is the largest in the state, making it an important economic asset.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFormerly B'nai B'rith Youth Organization: B’nai B’rith Youth Organization (BBYO) is a Jewish youth movement for students in grades from 8 through 12. The organization emphasizes its youth leadership model in which teen leaders are elected by their peers on a local, regional and international level and are given the opportunity to make their own programmatic decisions.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Florida (commonly referred to as “Florida” or “UF”) is an American public university that was founded in 1853 and is located in Gainesville, in north central Florida.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEmory University is a private research university in Atlanta, Georgia. Founded in 1836 as \"Emory College\" by the Methodist Episcopal Church and named in honor of Methodist bishop John Emory, Emory is the second-oldest private institution of higher education in Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeneral George Smith Patton, Jr. (1885-1945) was a United States Army general, best known for his command of the Seventh United States Army, and later the Third United States Army in Europe during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe United States Army Central, formally known as the Third United States Army is a military formation of the United States Army. The formation saw service in World War I, World War II, the 1991 Gulf War, and the Iraq War. It is best known for World War II campaigns under the command of General George S. Patton. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYiddish is the common historical language of Ashkenazi Jews from Central and Eastern Europe. It is heavily Germanic based but uses the Hebrew alphabet. The language was spoken or understood as a common tongue for many European Jews up until the middle of the twentieth century. Although the terms “Yiddish” and “Yid” are sometimes used to refer to Jews, Yiddish is a reference to a person's language and not necessarily their ethnicity, religion, or culture.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eForward scouts or forward observers are soldiers responsible for searching for signs of enemy activity to direct artillery and fire support towards.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eZionism is a movement which supports a Jewish national state in the territory defined as the Land of Israel. Although Zionism existed before the nineteenth century, in the 1890s Theodor Herzl popularized it and gave it a new urgency, as he believed that Jewish life in Europe was threatened and a State of Israel was needed. The State of Israel was established in 1948 and Zionism today is expressed as support for the continued existence of Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eProphetic Judaism follows the belief that Jews should lead an ethical life, but also to be change agents: that they need to make the world a better place because they are commanded in the Torah and by the prophets to do so.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLifnei iver \u003c/em\u003eis a Hebrew expression that defines a prohibition against misleading people or allowing a person to proceed unsuspectingly into danger. The commandment comes from Leviticus 19:14: \"Before the blind, do not put a stumbling block\". The Hebrew term \u003cem\u003elifnei iver\u003c/em\u003e is one of the offenses which the Talmud argues to be punishable by excommunication in Judaism.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMartin Luther King, Jr. (1929-1968) is best known for his role as a leader in the Civil Rights Movement and the advancement of civil rights using nonviolent civil disobedience based on his Christian beliefs. A Baptist minister, King became a civil rights activist early in his career. He led the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott and helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) in 1957, serving as its first president. With the SCLC, King led an unsuccessful struggle against segregation in Albany, Georgia, in 1962, and organized nonviolent protests in Birmingham, Alabama, that attracted national attention following television news coverage of the brutal police response. King also helped to organize the 1963 March on Washington, where he delivered his famous \"I Have a Dream\" speech. On October 14, 1964, King received the Nobel Peace Prize for combating racial inequality through nonviolence. In 1965, he and the SCLC helped to organize the Selma to Montgomery marches and the following year, he took the movement north to Chicago to work on segregated housing. King was assassinated on April 4, 1968 in Memphis, Tennessee. His death was followed by riots in many United States’ cities. King was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal. Martin Luther King, Jr. Day was established as a holiday in numerous cities and states beginning in 1971, and as a United States federal holiday in 1986.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States. It was founded in 1828 and is the world’s oldest active political party.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe City College of the City University of New York, also known as the City College of New York, or simply City College or CCNY, is a public university in New York City. It was founded in 1847, the first free public institution of higher education in the United States. It is located in Hamilton Heights in Manhattan. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCornell University is a private Ivy League land-grant research university in Ithaca, New York. Since its founding in 1865, Cornell has been a co-educational and non-sectarian institution. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) is an African American civil rights organization that had an important role in the American civil rights movement. It was founded in Chicago, Illinois in 1942 by an interracial group of students. CORE provided advice and support to Martin Luther King Jr. during the Montgomery bus boycott. CORE also participated in Freedom Rides and challenged the segregation of schools. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee in Atlanta: The Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) was one of the major Civil Rights Movement organizations of the 1960s. It emerged from the first wave of student sit-ins and formed at a May 1960 meeting organized by Ella Baker at Shaw University. SNCC played a major role in the freedom rides in the South, the 1963 March on Washington, Mississippi Freedom Summer, the Selma campaigns, the March Against Fear, and other historic events. SNCC's major contribution was in its fieldwork, organizing voter registration, and freedom schools, especially in Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi. In the later 1960s, inspired by leaders such as Stokely Carmichael, SNCC focused on Black power and draft resistance to the Vietnam War. In 1969, SNCC officially changed its name to the Student National Coordinating Committee to reflect the broadening of its strategy. It passed out of existence in the 1970s following Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) actions led by J. Edgar Hoover.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) is an African American civil rights organization based in Atlanta, Georgia. It is closely associated with its first president; Martin Luther King Jr. SCLC was established in 1957 to coordinate the non-violent action of local protest groups throughout the South with the support of southern black ministers and churches.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJohn Robert Lewis (1940-2020) was an American statesman and civil rights leader who served in the United States House of Representatives for Georgia's 5th congressional district from 1987 until his death in 2020. He was the chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) from 1963 to 1966. Lewis was one of the \"Big Six\" leaders of groups who organized the 1963 March on Washington. He fulfilled many key roles in the civil rights movement and its actions to end legalized racial segregation in the United States. In 1965, Lewis led the first of three Selma to Montgomery marches across the Edmund Pettus Bridge. In an incident which became known as Bloody Sunday, state troopers and police attacked the marchers, including John Lewis. A member of the Democratic Party, Lewis was first elected to Congress in 1986 and served 17 terms in the U.S. House of Representatives. The district he represented included most of Atlanta. Due to his length of service, he became the dean of the Georgia congressional delegation. While in the House, Lewis was one of the leaders of the Democratic Party, serving from 1991 as a Chief Deputy Whip and from 2003 as a Senior Chief Deputy Whip. John Lewis received many honorary degrees and awards, including the Presidential Medal of Freedom.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAuburn Avenue is a street in the Sweet Auburn Historic District, a historic African American neighborhood east of downtown Atlanta, Georgia. The name Sweet Auburn was coined by John Wesley Dobbs, referring to the \"richest Negro street in the world,\" one of the largest concentrations of African American businesses in the United States. A National Historic Landmark District was designated in 1976, covering 19 acres of the neighborhood, significant for its history and development as a segregated area under the state's Jim Crow laws.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil Rights Movement encompasses social movements in the United States whose goal was to end racial segregation and discrimination against Black Americans and enforce constitutional voting rights to them. The movement was characterized by major campaigns of civil resistance. Between 1955 and 1968, acts of nonviolent protest and civil disobedience produced crisis situations between activists and government authorities. Noted legislative achievements during this phase of the Civil Rights Movement were passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the Immigration and Nationality Services Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eTampa Bay Times\u003c/em\u003e, formally the \u003cem\u003eSt. Petersburg Times\u003c/em\u003e until 2011, is a newspaper published in St. Petersburg, Florida. It has won 14 Pulitzer Prizes since 1964. It is owned by the Poynter Institute for Media Studies, a nonprofit journalism school directly adjacent to the University of South Florida St. Petersburg campus.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAtlanta University a historically black college was founded in 1865 in Atlanta Georgia. It was the first graduate institution in the United States to award degrees to African Americans and the first to award bachelor degrees to African Americans in the South. Clark College was founded in 1869 and was the first four-year liberal arts college to serve African American students. The two universities consolidated in 1988 and formed Clark Atlanta University.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEmil Ludwig Fackenheim (1916-2003) was a Jewish philosopher and Reform rabbi. Fackenheim was interned at Sachsenhausen concentration camp for a year before escaping with his younger brother to England, later joined by their parents. His older brother Ernst-Alexander was killed in the Holocaust. After being sent to an internment camp in Canada, he served as the interim rabbi at Temple Anshe Shalom in Ontario. Fackenheim earned his Ph.D. in 1945 from the University of Toronto. In 1984, he emigrated to Israel. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePossibly refers to George Beattie Jr. (1919-1997) a landscape and mural artist active in Georgia. His murals are displayed at the U.S. Federal Post Office building in Macon, Georgia, and Georgia Department of Agriculture in Atlanta, Georgia until 2011 when they were moved to the Georgia Museum of Art. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorgia Institute of Technology, which is commonly referred to as Georgia Tech is a public research university and institute of technology in Atlanta. It was founded in 1885 during Reconstruction as part of the plan to build a industrial economy in the post-Civil War South.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCoretta Scott King (1927-2006) was an American author, civil rights leader. The widow of Martin Luther King, Jr., Coretta Scott King helped lead the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s. King often participated in many of her husband's exploits and goals during the battle for equality. Mrs. King played a prominent role in the years after her husband's 1968 assassination when she took on the leadership of the struggle for racial equality herself and became active in the Women's Movement and the LGBT rights movement. King founded the King Center in Atlanta and sought to make her husband’s birthday a national holiday.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Alumni Memorial University Center is a building on the campus of Emory University. It was built in 1950 to honor members of the community and university who were killed in World War II. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAgnes Scott College is a private women’s liberal arts college in Decatur, Georgia. It was established in 1889 and is affiliated with the Presbyterian Church. It is also considered one of the Seven Sisters of the South, which is the name given to seven colleges located in Georgia, Virginia, and North Carolina.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Ku Klux Klan (or Knights of the Ku Klux Klan today, also referred to as the KKK) is a white supremacist, white nationalist, anti-immigration, anti-Jewish, anti-Catholic, anti-Black secret society, whose methods have included terrorism and murder. It was founded in the South in the 1860s and then died out and has come back several times, most notably in the 1920s when membership soared again, and then again in the 1960s during the civil rights era. When the Klan was re-founded in 1915 in Georgia, the event was marked by a cross burning on Stone Mountain. In the past its members dressed up in white robes and pointed hoods designed to hide their identity and to terrify. It is still in existence.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLarry Frank is an Atlanta businessman, philanthropist, and active member of the Atlanta Jewish community with his wife, Lois Frank. Frank played football at Grady High School and Vanderbilt University from 1950 to 1956. The Franks married in 1963 and have four sons, Joshua, Adam, Aaron, and Isaac. In 2017, Frank was honored for his devotion to Israel by Jewish Federation with the Lifetime of Achievement Award.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVanderbilt University is a private research university located in Nashville, Tennessee. It was founded in 1873 and named after businessman Cornelius Vanderbilt who provided a $1 million endowment to the school.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Gator Bowl is an annual college football bowl game held in Jacksonville, Florida. It has been held continuously since 1946, first played at Gator Bowl Stadium. Since 1996, it has been held at TIAA Bank Field. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTab Hunter (born Arthur Andrew Kelm) (1931-2011) was an actor, singer, film producer, and author. He was known for his blond, clean-cut look. He was considered a Hollywood heartthrob during the 1950’s and 1960’s. In the 1950’s he had a music career and in 2005, released an autobiography. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHadassah, the Women’s Zionist Organization of America, is a volunteer service organization founded in 1912 by Henrietta Szold. It currently has over 300,000 members and supporters worldwide.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGenuflection is a sign of worship or respect; it is the act of bending one knee to the ground. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHenrietta Szold (1860-1945) founded Hadassah, the Women’s Zionist Organization of America, as well as being a Zionist leader. She advocated for a larger role for women in Rabbinic Judaism, most famously by reciting Mourners’ Kaddish for her parents when traditionally only men recited it.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA world’s fair refers to a large international exhibition designed to showcase the achievements of nations. In 1967 Montreal, Canada hosted a World’s Fair, called Expo 67. It was held from April to October, showcasing the history, accomplishments, and prospects of Canada in celebration of the Canadian Centennial. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMontreal [French: Montréal] is the second most populous city in Canada in the Canadian province of Quebec. The city’s official language is French, with about 58 percent of the population able to speak English and French. Montreal was historically the commercial capital of Canada until it was surpassed by Toronto in the 1970’s. Today, it is still an important cultural center for Canada. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Six-Day War was fought between June 5 and 10, 1967 by Israel and the neighboring states of Egypt (known at the time as the United Arab Republic), Jordan, and Syria. Relations between Israel and its neighbors had never fully normalized following the 1948 War of Independence and in the period leading up to June 1967 tensions became heightened. As a result, Israel launched a series of preemptive airstrikes against Egyptian airfields on June 5 following the mobilization of Egyptian forces along the Israeli border in the Sinai Peninsula. The outcome was swift and decisive. Israel took control of the Gaza Strip and the Sinai Peninsula from Egypt, the West Bank and East Jerusalem from Jordan, and the Golan Heights from Syria. The Sinai was returned but the other territories were incorporated into Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMax C. (Mike) Gettinger (1911-2000) forged a life-long career in Jewish social services in both the United States and Israel. He became the executive director of the Atlanta Jewish Federation in 1962, a post he kept until 1982. During his leadership, the Federation experienced tremendous growth and re-organization. Gettinger authored the book Coming of Age: the Atlanta Jewish Federation, 1962-1982 which was published in 1994.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJewish Federation of Greater Atlanta is a regional branch of Jewish Federations of North America. It is an organization that focuses on serving the Atlanta Jewish community through philanthropic endeavors such as supporting infrastructure, including schools and synagogues. Federation supports the Jewish community but also welcomes people of various backgrounds, including interfaith, LGBT+, and multiracial people and families. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHillel (also known as ‘Hillel the Elder’) was a famous Jewish religious leader who lived in Jerusalem around the beginning of the Common Era. Renowned within Judaism as a sage and scholar, he became one of the most important figures in Jewish history. He is the founder of the House of Hillel school and associated with the development of the Mishnah and the Talmud.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIrving Yitzchak “Yitz” Greenberg (b. 1933) is a scholar, author, and rabbi. He was born in Brooklyn. Greenberg was ordained by Beth Joseph Rabbinical Seminary of Brooklyn and earned his Ph.D. from Harvard University. Greenberg is currently serving as the president of the J.J. Greenberg Institute for the Advancement of Jewish Life (JJGI) and as Senior Scholar in Residence at Hadar. He is a strong supporter of Israel and promoting understanding between Judaism and Christianity. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGordon and Betsy Sugarman are members of the Atlanta Jewish community.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSandra “Sandy” [Kingloff] Palay (b. 1933) is a member of the Atlanta Jewish community. She was married to Bernie Palay for 57 years and together they had two children, Deborah and David. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDr. Bernard “Bernie” Palay (1930-2013) was a member of the Atlanta Jewish community. He received his medical degree from Emory University School of Medicine and completed post-graduate work at Harvard University. He served on many medical boards, including the William Breman Jewish Home where he was medical director for 17 years. He was married to Sandra Kingloff for 57 years, together they had two children, Deborah and David. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eElaine Blumenthal is an active member of the Atlanta Jewish community, serving on boards for the William Breman Jewish Home, Ahavath Achim synagogue, and GHA (Atlanta Jewish Academy). She has also been involved with the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta. She has been married to Dr. Jerry Blumenthal for more than 50 years, together they had four children. The William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum holds a collection of programs and directories, from 1970 to 2011, from the Davis Academy, Epstein School, and Greenfield Hebrew Academy; academies that Elaine and Jerry Blumenthal donated their time and money to in their dedication to their community. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJerry Blumenthal is an active member of the Atlanta Jewish community, serving on boards for the William Breman Jewish Home, Ahavath Achim synagogue, and GHA (Atlanta Jewish Academy). He has also been involved with the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta. He has been married to Elaine Blumenthal for more than 50 years, together they had four children. The William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum holds a collection of programs and directories, from 1970 to 2011, from the Davis Academy, Epstein School, and Greenfield Hebrew Academy; academies that Elaine and Jerry Blumenthal donated their time and money to in their dedication to their community. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eStuart Elliott Eizenstat (b. 1943) is a diplomat and attorney, he held various White House positions under Presidents Carter and Clinton. He served as the United States Ambassador to the European Union from 1993 to 1996 and as the United States Deputy Secretary of the Treasury from 1999 to 2001. He is an advocate for Holocaust restitution and has devoted much of his career to this effort. He received his doctorate from Harvard Law School in 1967. He was married to Frances Eizenstat until her death in 2013, together they had two sons, Jay and Brian. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFrances Eizenstat (1944-2013) was a philanthropist and active member of the Atlanta and global Jewish community. She earned two master’s degrees, in social work from Boston College in 1967 and business administration from George Washington University in 1985. She was especially dedicated to Israel and to bettering the lives of Jews in the former Soviet Union. She worked with numerous charities, notably developing one of the first screening programs for Tay Sachs disease, a genetic disorder that is especially prevalent in Ashkenazi Jewish children. She was married to diplomat and attorney Stuart Eizenstat and together they had two sons, Jay and Brian. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBarbara [Cooper] Planer (b. 1936) is a member of the Atlanta Jewish community. She married Richard Planer in 1958, at Beth El Temple in Norfolk, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRichard “Dick” Planer (b. 1935) is a member of the Atlanta Jewish community. He married Barbara Cooper in 1958, at Beth El Temple in Norfolk, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePhyllis Franco (1938-2022) was a member of Ahavath Achim Synagogue and the Atlanta Jewish community. She attended Northwestern University before transferring to Emory University. She was a painter and earned her master’s degree in visual arts from Georgia State University. She was married to Dr. Richard Franco in 1960 and they were together for 63 years. They had three children, Lewis, Rebecca, and Meryl. Franco passed away in 2022. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRichard Franco is a member of Ahavath Achim Synagogue and the Atlanta Jewish community. In 1960, he married Phyllis Franco, and they had three children, Lewis, Rebecca, and Meryl. He received his medical degree from Emory University School of Medicine and was a neurologist until he retired in 2012 to care for his wife. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMarcia Schwartz is a member of the Atlanta Jewish community. She is married to Michael Schwartz.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMichael Schwartz (b. 1942) is a member of the Atlanta Jewish community. He was born in Atlanta, Georgia. His mother, Irene, immigrated from Russia in 1921. He attended Emory University and is married to Marcia Schwartz. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCamp Barney Medintz is an overnight Jewish summer camp near Cleveland, Georgia, in the North Georgia mountains. It was founded in 1963 and in 1961 named in memory of Barney Medintz, a prominent Jewish leader in Atlanta, who died in 1960. It is owned by the Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJewish day school is a Jewish educational institution that provides children with an education in one school on a full-time basis. Jewish day schools are attended on weekdays and the students do not live at the institution. Curriculums vary by school and largely depend on the denomination of Judaism. Some schools may emphasize Torah study while others may focus on Jewish history or Hebrew. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDoris Harris Goldstein was born in New Orleans, Louisiana. She is an active member in the Jewish community of Atlanta, Georgia. During the Cold War, she and her husband, Martin, were strong supporters of Soviet Jewry. Doris served as Chairman of the Atlanta Jewish Federation’s Soviet Jewry Committee for three years, as well as on the Executive Committee and Board of Governors of the National Conference on Soviet Jewry. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEphraim Frankel (1930-2012), an immigrant from Cologne, Germany, was headmaster for the Atlanta Hebrew Academy (now the Atlanta Jewish Academy) for 23 years. Before relocating to Atlanta to become head of the Atlanta Hebrew Academy in 1967, he lived in Israel; Baltimore, Maryland; Boston, Massachusetts; and Ottawa, Canada. After his retirement, he relocated to Highland Park, New Jersey. He obtained a bachelor’s degree from Yeshiva University, a master’s degree from Boston University, and a doctorate from Georgia State University.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTisha B’Av\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: the ninth of Av] is a Jewish holiday commemorating the destruction of the First and Second temples in 586 BCE and 76 CE and subsequent exile of Jews from the Land of Israel. \u003cem\u003eTisha B’Av\u003c/em\u003e is seen as the saddest holiday and most tragic day on the Jewish calendar, and it is a day for remembering calamities that have befallen the Jewish people since the destruction of the Temples. Observers of the holiday fast and abstain from any pleasurable activities. The month of \u003cem\u003eAv\u003c/em\u003e on the Jewish calendar falls in July or August on the Western calendar.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSee annotation for kosher.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSee also annotation for the Milgram experiment. Stanley Milgram (1933-1984) was a social psychologist, most well-known for his controversial experiments on obedience that he first conducted in 1961 at Yale University. Milgram earned his PhD in social psychology from Harvard University and taught at Harvard, Yale, and City University of New York Graduate Center. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Milgram experiment was a study that began in 1961, prompted by the trial of Nazi war criminal, Adolf Eichmann. The experiment sought to answer questions surrounding the Holocaust and the culpability of Nazi officers. It was conducted by Yale University psychologist Stanley Milgram, it measured the willingness of participants to obey an authority figure who ordered them to administer electric shocks. The participants believed they were assisting with an unrelated experiment, and that the electric shocks were not real. They were encouraged to increase electric shocks to fatal levels. The study found that a very high percentage of participants would fully obey the authority figure’s instructions. The study has since been criticized for its dubious ethics and the emotional distress it caused participants. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP), commonly known as the “Nazi Party,” was a political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945. The party’s leader was Adolf Hitler. Initially, Nazi political strategy focused on anti-big business, anti-bourgeois, and anti-capitalist rhetoric. In the 1930s the party's focus shifted to antisemitic and anti-Marxist themes. Racism was also central to Nazism. The Nazis aimed to unite all Germans as national comrades, whilst excluding those deemed either to be community aliens or of a foreign race. The Nazis sought to improve the stock of the Germanic people through racial purity and eugenics, broad social welfare programs, and a disregard for the value of individual life, which could be sacrificed for the good of the Nazi state and the “Aryan master race.” The persecution reached its climax when the party-controlled German state organized the systematic murder of approximately 6,000,000 Jews and 5,000,000 people from the other targeted groups.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Selma to Montgomery marches were three marches in 1965 that marked the political and emotional peak of the American Civil Rights Movement. Selma and Montgomery were the focus of Black voter registration drives which were resisted on every front. The marches were to support voting rights for Blacks. The first was on March 7, 1965 and came to be known as “Bloody Sunday” when 600 civil rights marchers were attacked by state and local police with billy clubs and tear gas. Several marchers, both Black and white, were beaten or murdered over the course of the marches. The second march was on March 9, 1965. Martin Luther King Jr. led 2,500 protestors who were turned back after crossing the Edmund Pettus Bridge. The third march started on March 16. The marchers marched along US Route 80 protected by 2,000 soldiers of the United States Army, 1,900 members of the Alabama National Guard under Federal command, FBI agents and Federal Marshals. They arrived in Montgomery on March 24. The marchers in the third march were fed by women volunteers who cooked the food in the kitchen of the Green Street Baptist Church after which it was delivered to the gathering point for the march by truck.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJoshua Frank (b. 1965) is the oldest child of Lois and Larry Frank. Lois and Larry are active members of the Atlanta Jewish community. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Southern Regional Council (SRC) is a reform-oriented organization with headquarters in Atlanta. The SRC is considered the successor to the Commission on Interracial Cooperation, with which it merged in 1944. The SRC sponsored the formation the Georgia Council on Human Relations (GCHR), in 1956, focused primarily on school desegregation in its early years. The GCHR worked to keep Georgia's schools open in spite of threats by the state legislature to close the schools rather than integrate.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSee annotation for the American Jewish Committee of Atlanta. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJohnnetta Betsch Cole (b. 1936) is an anthropologist, educator, college president, and museum director. Cole was the first female African American president of Spelman College, a historically black college, from 1987 to 1997. She was also president of Bennett College from 2002 to 2007. She served as director of the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of African Art from 2009-2017. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarlem is a neighborhood in Upper Manhattan, New York City. It was established as a Dutch village in 1658, named after the city of Haarlem in the Netherlands. In the 19th century, Harlem was home to primarily Jewish and Italian Americans. In the 20th century, the Great Migration brought large numbers of African Americans, leading to Harlem becoming the center of the Harlem Renaissance. Following World War II, Harlem became a place of urban renewal and has continued to be gentrified since. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWashington, D.C. is the United States capital. The city sits on the Potomac River and borders Maryland and Virginia. The city is home to the three branches of the federal government including the the Capitol, the White House, and the Supreme Court. It is also home to various well-known museums and performing arts venues such as the Kennedy Center.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSpelman College is a private, historically black women’s liberal arts college in Atlanta. It was founded in 1881 and was originally known as the Atlanta Baptist Female Seminary. In 1884, it was renamed Spelman Baptist Seminary in honor of Laura Spelman Rockefeller and her parents, Harvey Buel and Lucy Henry Spelman who along with Laura’s husband John D. Rockefeller were long time supporters of the school. In 1924, Spelman Baptist Seminary was officially named Spelman College. Today it is the second oldest private historically black liberal arts college for women in the U.S.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/annotation_set/1114/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAhavath Achim Synagogue (often referred to as \"AA\") was founded as an Orthodox congregation in 1887 in a small room on Gilmer Street. In 1901 they moved to a permanent building at the corner of Piedmont Avenue and Gilmer Street. In 1921, the congregation constructed a synagogue at Washington Street and Woodward Avenue. It joined the Conservative movement in 1952. The final service in the Washington Street building was held in 1958 to make way for construction of the Downtown Connector (the concurrent section of Interstate 75 and Interstate 85 through Atlanta). The synagogue moved to its current location on Peachtree Battle Avenue in 1958. As of 2022, Ahavath Achim is the largest Conservative synagogue in the Atlanta area and its current Senior Rabbi is Laurence Rosenthal.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=2250.0,2280.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/index/59294","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Frank, Lois [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/index/59294/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Provides background on her parents and grandparents","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=117.0,353.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/index/59294/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was born November 9th, 1941, in Miami Beach, Florida , where my parents were very modest means. 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I had a feeling of being superior as Jews, but I never saw my parents in the synagogue.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=353.0,432.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/index/59294/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bat mitzvah","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kosher","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seder","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"synagogue","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=353.0,432.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/index/59294/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Connecting with other young Jewish People","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=432.0,511.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/index/59294/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We had few, few Jews in St. Petersburg and fewer at my high school, but we did have BBYO.  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While I was at Emory, it was 1993 [memoirist likely meant 1963], I chaired a speaker’s bureau at the university. It was a student colloquium, and we took turns on our committee inviting speakers to speak on whatever topic we wanted to. 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Someone said . . . I asked someone in the room when he called me, \"Does anybody know Larry Frank?\" And they said, \"Yes, he played . . . He was the captain of the Vanderbilt [University] football team and played in the Gator Bowl. He was captain of the Gator Bowl.\" ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=928.0,1030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/index/59294/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hadassah","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Henrietta Szold","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Israel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Larry Frank","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Gator Bowl","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Vanderbilt University","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Zionism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=928.0,1030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/index/59294/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Becoming involved with the Atlanta Jewish community","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1030.0,1097.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/index/59294/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Just to tell you how we became involved, Larry and I had gone to the World's Fair in Montreal [Canada], and as we were on the plane, the war broke out, the war broke out in Israel. 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I've never loved synagogue life, but very early . . . we had two children . . . Mike Gettinger, again, Federation executive director, invited Larry and me to go on a retreat to Camp Barney Medintz with about ten other couples. 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The camp was going under, they were having a lot of problems.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1400.0,1480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/index/59294/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Camp Barney Medintz","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1400.0,1480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/index/59294/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Fasting with Ephraim Frankel on Tisha B'Av","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1480.0,1585.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/index/59294/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The second summer, Ephraim Frankel was one of the scholars in residence, they had different rabbis come up and spend the week at camp. 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","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1585.0,1723.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/index/59294/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lessons","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nazis","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Stanley Milgram","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Milgram experiment","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1585.0,1723.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/index/59294/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shares about her experience at Atlanta University","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1723.0,1953.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/index/59294/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lois, you certainly thought for yourself when you went to Atlanta University. You must have been the only white person in a sea of black faces on that campus. Talk a little bit about, how did you feel?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1723.0,1953.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/index/59294/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta University","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"social work","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Selma to Montgomery marches","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1723.0,1953.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/index/59294/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Relations between the Atlanta African American and Jewish communities","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1953.0,2064.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/index/59294/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have to say, when I was at Atlanta University, the Jewishness, I never felt it was an issue. It never came up. I never saw myself anything more than white. Subsequent to that, here in Atlanta, we've had a wonderful history of black-Jewish relations.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1953.0,2064.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/index/59294/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta University","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Black/Jewish Coalition","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Emory University","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John Lewis","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the American Jewish Committee of Atlanta","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Southern Regional Council (SRC)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=1953.0,2064.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/index/59294/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How the Israeli–Palestinian conflict relates to the black community","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=2064.0,2198.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/index/59294/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You certainly are involved in the black community. Do you sense there is a difference in thinking about Israel and the Palestinian conflict as it relates to the black community today? ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=2064.0,2198.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/index/59294/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ethiopian community in Israel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Israel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Israeli–Palestinian conflict","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Johnnetta Cole","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Palestine","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Palestinian Israelis","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Spelman College","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=2064.0,2198.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/index/59294/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Further reflects on legacy and values","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=2198.0,2261.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/index/59294/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First, I want them to be compassionate, caring, responsible people in the world. I think Judaism has been the pathway for that for me, and I think it is for them as well. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=2198.0,2261.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/index/59294/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"faith","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"philanthropy","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=2198.0,2261.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/index/59294/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Importance of community","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=2261.0,2333.187"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/index/59294/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'll tell you, and it was a real lesson to me, it's a lesson about community, because for many, many years, my years as a student and in my early years of marriage, I was just by myself. I wasn't a member of a congregation, or if I was, I wasn't involved.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=2261.0,2333.187"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820/index/59294/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"activism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ahavath Achim Synagogue","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"community","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish community","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"social justice","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/106973/file/207820#t=2261.0,2333.187"}]}]}]}