{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/zc7rn31s8f/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Benator, Asher (2005)"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2005-08-17 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Benator, Asher (Interviewee)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]}},{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eBenator, Asher interviewed on October 17, 2005, in Atlanta, Georgia\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eAsher Benator was born in Atlanta on April 2, 1931, to Isaac and Marie Benator. He grew up alongside his brothers Morris, Max, and Johnny and his sister Alice. His and his wife Grace Levy Benator, who he married in 1954, raised three children together: Michael, Michelle, and Sam.  In 1949 Asher was the State of Georgia Golden Gloves boxing champ and graduated from Georgia State in 1956 with a BBA in Accounting and then served as Second Lieutenant in the U.S. Army. Career-wise, he was involved in real estate, hospitality services and stock investments. For over 30 years, Asher and his two brothers and two cousins ran several grocery stores in Atlanta. Asher attended Congregation Or VeShalom and served as one of the past presidents to the synagogue. He was also active in other organizations such as the Bedford Pines Boys Club, Men’s ORT of Atlanta and the Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta. \u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eAsher Benator begins the interview by discussing his family’s history and how they came to Atlanta, Georgia. He talks about his parents and reflects on how they met. Benator discusses his upbringing on Central Avenue and his house. He reflects on his Jewish experiences growing up. Benator details how his family celebrated Jewish holidays and his Jewish community involvements. Benator goes on to talk about his time as an amateur involvement. He reminisces on his education. Benator and his wife, Gracie discusses how they met. They talk about their children and raising them. They share what their children are up to now and the values they passed on to them. Benator recounts what segregation was like and the “separate, but equal” doctrine. He talks about his professional life and the businesses he has been involved with throughout his lifetime. Benator details his leadership role in numerous organizations like ORT, The Butler Street YMCA, Congregation Or VeShalom, and so on. He reflects on the Jewish community as well as the Atlanta community. Benator then introduces his children and grandchildren. His children introduce themselves and recall how their parents raised them. \u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/29151"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","Congregation Or Veshalom (corporate name)","Benator, Asher (personal name)","Cohen, Joseph (personal name)","Sephardic Judaism (topical term)","Jewish Businessman (topical term)","Grocery Store Business (topical term)","Men's ORT (corporate name)","U.S. Army (topical term)","Amateur Boxing (topical term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eBenator, Asher interviewed on October 17, 2005, in Atlanta, Georgia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAsher Benator was born in Atlanta on April 2, 1931, to Isaac and Marie Benator. He grew up alongside his brothers Morris, Max, and Johnny and his sister Alice. His and his wife Grace Levy Benator, who he married in 1954, raised three children together: Michael, Michelle, and Sam. \u0026nbsp;In 1949 Asher was the State of Georgia Golden Gloves boxing champ and graduated from Georgia State in 1956 with a BBA in Accounting and then served as Second Lieutenant in the U.S. Army. Career-wise, he was involved in real estate, hospitality services and stock investments. For over 30 years, Asher and his two brothers and two cousins ran several grocery stores in Atlanta. Asher attended Congregation Or VeShalom and served as one of the past presidents to the synagogue. He was also active in other organizations such as the Bedford Pines Boys Club, Men\u0026rsquo;s ORT of Atlanta and the Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAsher Benator begins the interview by discussing his family\u0026rsquo;s history and how they came to Atlanta, Georgia. He talks about his parents and reflects on how they met. Benator discusses his upbringing on Central Avenue and his house. He reflects on his Jewish experiences growing up. Benator details how his family celebrated Jewish holidays and his Jewish community involvements. Benator goes on to talk about his time as an amateur involvement. He reminisces on his education. Benator and his wife, Gracie discusses how they met. They talk about their children and raising them. They share what their children are up to now and the values they passed on to them. Benator recounts what segregation was like and the \u0026ldquo;separate, but equal\u0026rdquo; doctrine. He talks about his professional life and the businesses he has been involved with throughout his lifetime. Benator details his leadership role in numerous organizations like ORT, The Butler Street YMCA, Congregation Or VeShalom, and so on. He reflects on the Jewish community as well as the Atlanta community. Benator then introduces his children and grandchildren. His children introduce themselves and recall how their parents raised them.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/194/346/small/Benator_Asher.mp4_1687966806.jpg?1687966806","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Benator_Asher.mp4"]},"duration":7740.246,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/194/346/small/Benator_Asher.mp4_1687966806.jpg?1687966806","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/194/346/original/Benator_Asher.mp4?1687966801","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":7740.246,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Benator, Asher [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BENATOR: My name is Asher Isaac Benator. I was born in Atlanta [Georgia] I\nwould like to dedicate this history of my life to my wife, my family, my mother\nand father. My mother-in-law, my father-in-law and to my children, and my\ngrandchildren. To my aunts, to my uncles, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and all my friends. Also, especially\nto my children and grandchildren and hopefully some great grandchildren down the\nroad. By the way, these people that I have mentioned, I couldn't have asked for\nany better if I wanted to. I couldn't have produced any better even if I had\npicked them out in the world. Thank You. I was born in Atlanta, Georgia on Pryor\nStreet, which is west of the stadium where it's at right now. I grew up on\nCentral Avenue which is one block ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"east of Pryor Street about six blocks south of\nCity Hall.\n\nINTERVIEWER When was that?\n\nBENATOR: 1931, April 2.\n\nINTERVIEWER What were the names of your parents?\n\nBENATOR: My mother's name was, Marie Galanti Benator. My father's name was Isaac Benatar.\n\nINTERVIEWER Do you know the names of your grandparents?\n\nBENATOR: I think . . . well let me put it this way, I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"think my grandfather on my\nmother's side... I'm not sure really, because I never had the pleasure and honor\nof meeting any of them. They all stayed in the Island of Rhodes. In fact, I'll\ntell you about the Island of Rhodes and how my parents came here a little later\non. I never go to know them all I know is that I had aunts and uncles that were\ngrandparents for us. They acted as your grandparents, and they were great. I'll\ntell you some stories of how much they did for us.\n\nINTERVIEWER Do you know their names?\n\nBENATOR: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think my grandparents names were Isaac was one of them on the\nGalanti, I'm not sure. I think Alagra [sp] on my father's side. Also, on my\nfather's side I think his father's name was Morris Alagra [sp], Alice for his wife.\n\nINTERVIEWER What do you know about them?\n\nBENATOR: I really don't know a whole lot about them. What I do know is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that when\nboth my parents . . . when my father was 14, they sent him to catch a ship in\nFrance to come to the United States. His brother Victor had already been here.\nHe was going to stay with Victor until he got his own job, business or what have\nyou. And he got caught in the First World War.\n\nINTERVIEWER Do you know why they sent him?\n\nBENATOR: Because there were no jobs available. The economy was very poor in the\nIsland of Rhodes. Today it's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a mecca for tourism. Back in those days it was a\nlittle island that was, had no business to offer jobs and it was a very poor\nliving. I just wonder if I could have had the strength to do what they did. And\nthat's to send your children somewhere, where they would have a better life down\nthe road. I think I'd be too selfish to do that; I'd be scared to do that. But\nthey did it; they had the strength to do it.\n\nINTERVIEWER What happened with your father?\n\nBENATOR: My father went to France to catch the ship to come ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the United States\nand then to Atlanta and the war broke out. He worked in a munitions factory for\na while until the war was over. And he caught the flu that went throughout\nEurope and killed so many people, luckily, he survived it. When he got well\nenough, he came over to Atlanta and lived with my Uncle Victor Benatar. At the\ntime it was Benatar, not Benator, and I'll explain that later. He learned the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"business and then he opened up his own shop. He met my mother at one of the Pias\n[sp]. Back in those days they had Pias which is gatherings or whatever you want\nto call it. He... they made a good match. Both set of cousins, brothers and\nsisters liked the match and they got married.\n\nINTERVIEWER Now you said the name was pronounced Benator?\n\nBENATOR: The name is Benatar, Benator when ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he came here.\n\nINTERVIEWER Do you now the origin of the name?\n\nBENATOR: Benatar is the son of a grocer, a son of a druggist.\n\nINTERVIEWER In what language?\n\nBENATOR: In Arabic, or Hebrew, I think Hebrew. I'm not sure but I think it's\nmore in Arabic or whatever. Back then there was only one big bank and there's\none department store, Rich's. What would happen was Morris Benator and his\nfamily and our families had the same first ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"names a lot of them. In order to keep\nthe mails and the bills from getting mixed up and the bank statements from\ngetting mixed up. My father and his brother just changed the Benator,\nB-E-N-A-T-O-R and I am told the only Benator's that are around are our family.\n\nINTERVIEWER You said your father had a relative in Atlanta?\n\nBENATOR: Yes, Uncle Victor, Uncle Victor Benatar, but he and my father changed\ntheir names to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"OR.\n\nINTERVIEWER How did your uncle come to Atlanta?\n\nBENATOR: I'm guessing . . . that story I don't really know. And it's an\ninteresting story and I'm going to ask that story tomorrow if I can.\n\nINTERVIEWER Let's talk about your mother.\n\nBENATOR: My mother was a Galanti from Turkey. I do not think that they knew each\nother before they came here. There were Galanti's here in Atlanta. My Uncle\nRobert Galanti, who was the oldest son of the Galanti family, he had come to\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta, worked a while here. Went back to bring back . . . I understand there\nwas quite a crowd what he bought back with him, brothers, sisters and cousins.\nWhat would happen in those days is that whoever they'd bring here, would find\nwork with somebody that's already in business or that had some type of business.\nThey'd teach them a job; they in turn would start learning the language. There\nare all kinds of stories about coming here on the ship. In fact, the one that\nthey tell about my mother is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that she bought an ice cream. She didn't fully\nrealize that it was frozen, and she stuck it in her pocket to save it for later.\nOf course, you can imagine what happened. They often kidded her about that, but\nit was in a nice way. They came over here in the 1920's and then when the\ndepression hit, they all managed somehow to make things work out. They were\nshoemakers which ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"didn't provide a lot of money. They made a living and they\nlearned how to live on what they made. And it was still a better living than\nthey would have had in Turkey or in the Island of Rhodes. [Pointing to picture]\nThis is my father right here. Some of the men that had a profound impact on my\nlife, I would say would be Uncle Solomon Alhadeff, right there. Mr. Levy, Uncle\nVictor Benator, [pointing to picture] this is Uncle ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victor's right there, Uncle\nRabeno Galanti. There's a story about Uncle Rabano I'll never forget. He had\ngotten of the street car, on Pryor Street, after a hard days work, getting ready\nto go home. He had seen me running in front of the street car to get across the\nstreet. Even though I plenty of time to get there. He walked all the way to my\nhouse and saw me. And then said, Asher don't you ever run in front of a street\ncar like that again. Turned around and walked back home. So many stories, that\nit's almost ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"impossible to tell them all. David Maslia lived across the street,\nMr. Hazan down the street. Isaac Alhadeff who was the handiest man in the whole\ncity, with helping my mother and father do thing around the house.\n\nINTERVIEWER [Talking about picture] Where's your father-in-law?\n\nA. BENATOR: My father-in-law is right here, number 26. We lived together for\nmany years; you couldn't ask for a better ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"father-in-law.\n\nINTERVIEWER: What is this group?\n\nA. BENATOR: This group these are all shoe repairmen. They had formed an\norganization. By the way, before I get into that this number 15 is my cousin\nAlice Alhadeff. She married and just recently passed away. Most of these men\nwere Sephardic that came from the Island of Rhodes or Turkey. Few of them came\nhere at first, two or three, and then they would go back and bring their\nbrothers, cousins and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"relatives. They'd provide them [with] a place to stay,\nteach them an occupation. Then they will go out and open up a shoe repair shop.\nThat's how most of them came here. The reason why they came here is as I said\nfor because there was no work at the Island and in Turkey, back then in those days.\n\nINTERVIEWER: When you look at the younger generations in your time today. Does\nanyone remind you of your parents?\n\nA. BENATOR: Yes, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my daughter, reminds me of my mother.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Which one of your daughters?\n\nA. BENATOR: Michelle, Michelle reminds me very much of my mother. My mother was\n[a] very unusual type of person. By the way, my father got Parkinson's disease\nin 1930 . . . well he had it earlier than that . . . but in 1935 was when he had\nto close his store, sell his stores. At the time I was told that he had two shoe\nshops. I don't know whether it was one or two. He had to sell them because the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Parkinson's became worse. Back then they didn't have medicines to control\nParkinson's like they do today. In fact, there's a story about that we heard the\nwas coming the first drug for Parkinson's. We called, I think it was Dr. Karp\nand asked him could my father be on this trial test that they were having at\nEmory University. I think it was a 10 day or two-week trial. He said, \"No Asher,\nbecause he's had it too long and too ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"severe.\" I think it was a day before the\ntest started, they called us up and sked us, \"Would you like you're farther to\ntry this test?\" Of course, we said yes. Now at that time he was unable to\ncontrol his movement, shaking the hand in order to feed himself, he had to be\nfed. . His mind was as strong as he could possibly be.\n\nINTERVIEWER: What did you remember about your father as a human being?\n\nA. BENATOR: He ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was extremely capable in business. The boys had to go out and get\na job, well not get a job, we had to go out and work. My father's idea was\nselling the football colors. I don't know if you know the pennants and football\ncolors. There's a company in Philadelphia [Pennsylvania] that we use to buy the colors from.\nThe buttons were 2 cents apiece. The ribbons what you would buy in 50 cents\nrolls and the little footballs were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"3 cents. The statues, the little football\nplayer were 8 cents. You put them together and you sell them for 35 or 50 cents apiece.\n\nINTERVIEWER: You said he was a very capable man?\n\nA. BENATOR: With his mind except with the ravages of Parkinson's.\n\nINTERVIEWER: What did he look like?\n\nA. BENATOR: I looked a little bit like him. In fact, they say that I favor him\nmore than anybody. In fact, I still have some hair, its gray now but I still\nhave some. The Galanti clan, the rest of my brothers favored my mother's side\nmore than ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my side and they're all bald headed excepted for a little bit of hair.\n\nINTERVIEWER: What about your mother?\n\nA. BENATOR: My mother, let me tell you about my mother. She was able to feed 5\nkids, a husband and a brother-in-law who stayed with us. Because he liked\nstaying with us better than any of the other family, I guess it was because it\nwas just always open. We made a room for him in the back. I think the house we\nlived on Central Avenue the rent was just $13.00 a month. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My father's disability\ncheck was $50 bucks a month. Whatever we made during after school. We wouldn't\nmiss school to do this work; we'll do it after school. All of us did some kind\nof work. We learned how to sell magazines, Liberty Magazines, Saturday Evening\nPost. I had two newspapers, two newspaper routes; one in Max's name and one in\nMorris's name when I was 12 years old. The managers knew it, that I wasn't old\nenough to have a route. He didn't care because I usually paid him, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the first\nperson the pay him on a Monday afternoon for the papers. I [have] got to tell\nyou the story about when I was 10 years old, Curtis a friend of mine from\ngrammar school. I think we were either in the 4th or 5th grade. He had a\nbicycle. He asked me did I want to go to Grant Park. I said yes, so we had a\ngreat time. We played baseball and we found boys, kids over there playing\nbaseball. We played with them we went to the zoo. We rode around the park; ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I\ndon't think we went swimming. Anyway, we got home about 5:00 or 6:00 o'clock\nthat evening. I'm walking to my house from Curtis's house. All of a sudden, I\nsee my mother standing in the front yard. She said Asher, \"Where have you been?\"\nI said, \"Momma I went to Grant Park, had a good time. We played ball this and\nthat.\" She turns around [and] walks in. The next morning I'm playing in the\nfront yard and Uncle Mason comes in, he said \"Hi Asher.\" I said \"Hey uncle\"\n[and] he goes inside. He talks to my mother for about a minute, a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"minute and a\nhalf. Comes back outside and said Asher get in the car. I said where are we\ngoing uncle? He said you're going to work. Seven days a week for the rest of\nthat summer and for many summers thereafter; I worked at the Economy\nDelicatessen on Auburn Avenue. My uncle had a delicatessen, it's actually a\nrestaurant. He had a hot steam table and all that. I learned how to wash dishes,\nI learned how to cook, learned how to wait on people. In fact, some of my\nearliest memories, beside grammar school were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mr. Smith, who was the CFO of\nAtlanta Life. Mr. Yates and Milton, Mr. Milton was the president of the Citizen\nTrust Company, which is a black bank. The Scott's own the Daily World, The YMCA.\nThe Butler Street YMCA, which was very involved in the struggle for equal\nopportunity for the blacks. The Herndon's who owned the hotel and part of\nAtlanta Life and part of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Black Atlanta. Those were people that I know growing up.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Let's go back in time.\n\nA. BENATOR: Okay\n\nINTERVIEWER: You said that your parents met at an event called El Pario [sp]?\n\nA. BENATOR: That's a party. The Ladino's say Pia is a party, is a get together.\nIn fact, it wasn't unusual for us just to get up and go to somebody's house on a\nMonday night, Tuesday night, any night of the week. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you're there you come in,\nthey have coffee, you go play with their children and nobody thinks about it.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Your parents supposedly met at one of these pias' [sp]?\n\nA. BENATOR: They met at one of these pias', both groups thought they were good\nfor each other, and they got married. [Point to mother and father wedding\npicture] This was I think was 1922 they met here and got married in Atlanta.\nThey're quite a couple, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he was quite a businessman and she was a lady. When the\nchildren were coming home from Hebrew School the girls especially, and many of\nthe children, they'd stop over. She always had [indistinct: 16:13, Hebrew] or\nsome type of cookies for them 10 to 5 at a time. They would always stop at Aunt\nMattie's. They call her Aunt Mattie by the way, back then instead of Aunt Mary.\nAunt Mattie always had a cookie for them or something.\n\nINTERVIEWER: She was involved ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with?\n\nA. BENATOR: When she passed away, I found out that she was the last woman at Or\nVeShalom that a was in charge of the Chevra Kadisha and she use to do it by\nherself. If any of the people passed away, she would take care of the Chevra\nKadisha responsibilities. When I was president, I mentioned to Rabbi Ichay that\nwe should ask the sisterhood to form a Chevra Kadisha. Today we have a very,\nvery strong Chevra Kadisha and many young ladies rather than ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a lot of the older\nladies are involved in it.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Take me into the house where you grew up, what was it like inside?\n\nA. BENATOR: Inside the house we had a living room; we had a front room with a\nstove in it. Then there was the living room, and then there was the kitchen on\none side of the house. Then on the other side of the house, my father and mother\nhad a bedroom. No there was the living room first, then ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"their bedroom. I'm\ntrying to think, Alice slept on the left-hand side, my mother and father slept\non the right-hand side. Then the 4 boys slept in two double beds, and then my\nuncle's room, Uncle Abraham's room. Then the bathroom [was] in the far-right\nhand corner. They had, we had one toilet, and one bathtub. I remember the\nbathtub; the toilet had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a water container that was up high, it was gravity feed.\nTou would flush the toilet by pulling the string. We kept the coal in the\nbasement under the house. That brings me to something that I'll still remember\nto this day. Usually, we would have to take turns in bringing up buckets of\ncoals during the wintertime. Of course, when you got three boys, four boys\nsupposed to bring up coals, when it's time for one of them to go get it, it's\nyour turn, it's my turn. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then my mother would say, give me the bucket I'll go\nget it. By that time whoever was supposed to go get it would take the bucket\nfrom her hand and go get the coal and bring it up.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Children in the family how many were there?\n\nA. BENATOR: Five, there was Morris, my oldest brother. Then there was Alice, my\nsister. Then there was Max, me and then Johnny. There were two years between all\nof us except between Max and Alice, there was 3 years between them. That was\nbecause of a miscarriage. [Point to a picture] this is the Atlanta Boys' Club\nthe group of us sitting here on the front steps. [Pointing to picture] This is\nme sitting on the steps of the Boys Club, which was the former Progressive Club.\nAtlanta Boys' Club was a big part of our lives back when we were growing up.\n\nINTERVIEWER: What year was this in?\n\nA. BENATOR: That year would be in 1938, 1939 probably.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Where's your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"brother?\n\nA. BENATOR: [Pointing to picture] this is Max ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my brother he's two years older\nthan me. Max also used to box in the Golden Gloves under the Boy's Club banner.\nMany of these are friends. I think that's Mr. Raymond the man in charge. I'm not\nsure what this picture's all about. It's just a group of us in the youth group.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Your name is Asher?\n\nA. BENATOR: Asher, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after an uncle and Isaac was my father's name. That is\ndifferent the name. They would not name me Isaac after his name. The middle name\nwould be the father's name.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Did you have nick names?\n\nA. BENATOR: Isher, in fact in grammar school I thought my name was I-S-H-E-R.\nBecause when they went to school to register me, they asked ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"her what's his name.\nHis name is Isher. Until I got to high school, I realized my birth certificate\nhad A-S-H-E-R, I was Asher.\n\nINTERVIEWER: How did your parents call you?\n\nA. BENATOR: Isher. Asher didn't come until later on in life.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Tell me about your father.\n\nA. BENATOR: My father was a shoemaker. In fact, what I remember most about the\nbusiness was that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on July 4th whatever firecrackers he had left over he would\nbring home. We would light the firecrackers that evening and have a big-time\ncelebrating July the 4th. He would bring the kind, what do they call them, the\nrockets. He would bring the regular little old firecrackers. He would bring\nlittle ones you light, and it goes down go boom, boom, boom.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Where was his shop?\n\nA. BENATOR: I think one was on Auburn Avenue or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Decatur Street. They say that he\nhad two at one time that I can't remember more than that. In 1935, he had to\ngive them up because of Parkinson's. That's when we had to start going to work.\n\nINTERVIEWER: What kind of living did he make when he was working?\n\nA. BENATOR: I think it was a fair living. I mean nobody got rich in those days.\nIf you made enough to put food on the table and buy clothes for the kids every\nonce in a while, you did good. I remember on Rosh Hashanah; momma would always\nhave ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something new for each of us. Whether it was pants, a coat or suit,\nwhatever it was, underclothes we always got something new on Rosh Hashanah.\n\nINTERVIEWER: What other Jewish Holiday stand out in your mind?\n\nA. BENATOR: Pesach we would always go to one of the aunt's or uncle's house or\nthey'd come over to our house that's standard. In fact, we would go over to an\naunt or uncle's house at least twice to three times a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"week at night to visit.\nThey call that a visitor [sp] [indistinct: 22:33, Hebrew]. We had a four-party\nline. Which neighbors next door and down the street, and we had a good life.\nI've talked to some of my friends who grew up in that era. I guess we were poor\nas anybody, but nobody knew that they were poor. We would go to Hebrew ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"School,\nOr VeShalom. Which was a house that they had on Central Avenue, it was three\nblocks up the street, four blocks up the street. Hebrew School during school\ndays was four afternoons a week. We were expected to go to Friday night and\nSaturday morning services and Sunday morning, Sunday school, that during the\nschool days. During the summertime, you had a week off and then you went five\ndays a week every morning. When you got there, you suppose to say the morning\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"prayers and about that time the Rabbi would come.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Who was the Rabbi at that time?\n\nA. BENATOR: Rabbi Joseph Cohen, he was quite a man. He had come from Cuba. They\nhad hired him from Cuba. As far as being an ordained Rabbi, I'm not sure that he\nwas. He was as much a Rabbi as anybody you're ever find.\n\nINTERVIEWER: If your mother was sitting here, and I said what kind of kid is\nAsher what would she ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"answer?\n\nA. BENATOR: Good question, I don't know what she'd say [indistinct: 24:06,\nLadino] Truthfully, we were street kids. We lived on the street; I mean we grew\nup on the street, but we also listened to our parents. We respected them, we\nloved them, and they were great for us.\n\nINTERVIEWER: [indistinct: 24:20, Ladino] Can you translate that?\n\nA. BENATOR: [indistinct: 24:24, Ladino] is \"good children\".\n\nINTERVIEWER: What else can you say in Ladino.\n\nA. BENATOR: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[indistinct: 24:20, Ladino] The reason is my first business partner\nwhich was Morris Galanti. Let me go back a little bit before I do that. When I\nwent to high school, Hoke Smith High, then I went to Commercial High. Which was\na business school; it was the only school in Atlanta that was co-ed. It was Boys\nHigh, Tech High, Commercial High and Girls High. Girls went to Girls High; boys\nwent to Boys High and Tech ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"High. I went to Commercial High, because it was a\nbusiness school and co-ed. There were about 10 or 15 girls to every boy, if not\nmore than that more girls. We took courses such as accounting, shorthand and\nbusiness what have you. In fact, when I went to, I'll tell you about this later.\nWhen I went to Georgia State [University], my accounting made it easier for me\nto go there and study. Anyway, after graduating from Hoke Smith High, I had a\n$125.00 or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"$150.00 Sears Roebuck Scholarship, plus another small scholarship. I\nwent to Oglethorpe [University], which was a private college, at the time fairly\nexpensive. I live at home because [of] the street cars, I think the street cars\nwere still running back then to Oglethorpe every morning. Towards the end of the\nyear, they called me into the business office, and told me that my scholarship\nwas running out. I asked them how much would I owe. She thought for a few\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seconds, and she said you'll owe approximately $3,000.00. Three more years plus\nschool and books, which isn't bad for a college, private school. I said thank\nyou very much, walked outside and I said to myself, they got to be nuts. I'm\ngoing to owe $3,000.00 when I leave college, I'll never be able to pay it off. I\nwent to Georgia State, found out [it's] $27.00 for 15 hours. Went down the\nstreet and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bought some used schoolbooks. The best thing about it a few days\nlater, a Cousin Bennie Galanti, call me up and said I heard you're going to\nGeorgia State. I said yes. He asked me would you like to work in the afternoon.\nI said yes, what would I do. He said, \"You will run the grocery store. We got a\nstore on Butler Harris, which is 5 or 6 blocks from Georgia State, and you'll\nrun the store. When you come in, I've got thing to do, and you'll just run the\nfront and Morris Galanti, who's our cousin, will run the meat department.\" I\nsaid ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fine. Morris did not know English; he had just come from the Island of Cost\n[sp], which is near the Island of Rhodes in the Mediterranean. He knew very\nlittle English, but he did know Ladino and I knew English. I taught Morris\nEnglish, and he taught me Ladino. He was my business partner until he passed away.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Let's go back in time once more. It's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Passover and the night of.\nWho is sitting around the table?\n\nA. BENATOR: The table that I remember the most, we'll go around different places\nsometimes. The ones that I remember the most were right down the street, Uncle\nSolomon and Aunt Straier [sp] that's my fathers' sister. Solomon Alhadeff we'll\ngo over there. There would be Jakie [sp], Morris, Abby and there would be Alice\nand one or two more ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children, I can't remember, Julia and Charlie Alhadeff. Then\nit would be all of us, we would probably sit around that table part of the time.\nThen we would have a little table that we'll sit around, just the kids, it's a\nbig family.\n\nINTERVIEWER: What food was on the table?\n\nA. BENATOR: There would be potatoes and we would have rice. See you couldn't\nhave rice, but we could have rice, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then there would be chicken. Back in those\ndays to get a chicken, my mother would take the chicken up to the [indistinct: 28:41\nHebrew] I or one of my brothers would go up there and pick it up and bring it\nback. Then she would finish cleaning it off. There would be chicken, there would\nbe rice and then there would be wine. There would be Matzo, there would be\ncarrots and there would be other vegetables.\n\nINTERVIEWER: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Who would be reading the Haggadah?\n\nA. BENATOR: The Haggadah would be read by everybody, just go around the table. I\nknow my father would read it; my uncle would read it. My uncle was sort of like\nthe Gabi [sp] for many, many years over at the Shalom. Uncle Solomon Alhadeff he\nwould stand up next to Rabbi Cohen. They were both real Turks, they were men of\nthe house; they were the strong figure ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the family. Then Isaac Alhadeff his\nbrother would usually come over also. I'm not sure if they were, I think that\ntheir family was too big to have them all there. They would come over and sit\naround and have coffee and talk and play cards or whatever.\n\nINTERVIEWER: How religious was your home?\n\nA. BENATOR: My home was, let me put it this way. It was religious and yet it was\nsecular. [To] give you an example, my mother ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even thought she was living on very\nlimited money. She would not think of not having meat other than the kosher\nmeat. She would not have any pork or anything not kosher. It wasn't until I\nguess the 1940's or 1950's, 1940's late 1940's, when her brother, my Uncle Maze,\nwho has a delicatessen. He saw her cleaning chickens one day. He says, Marie did\nyou ever get the chicken completely clean? She said, well almost ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"completely\nclean. He said, why don't you buy process chicken that's clean? He felt that\nbeing clean was more important than having it killed a certain way. Anyway, he\nbrought one home and showed it to her. I found out that was the only thing that\nshe didn't eat that was kosher. Every once and a while Uncle Ralph would invite\neverybody to go [to] the cafeteria or something, she would only eat vegetables\nor what have you. We were a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kosher home even though many of us ate out. We ate\nat the Varsity or what have you and those types of things.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Did you have a Friday night meal?\n\nA. BENATOR: Oh yes, we had Friday night meal. The family was usually together on\nFriday night.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Could you repeat the names of your parents once more?\n\nA. BENATOR: Isaac Benatar, Marie Galanti Benatar.\n\nINTERVIEWER: When you look back at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those years, do any memories of antisemitism\ncome to your mind?\n\nA. BENATOR: Antisemitism, you know really in grammar school if you were on your\nblock or the next block to you and you knew most of those boys on those blocks,\nyou had no problems. There was no antisemitism. A lot of Greeks lived there,\nfriends of yours. Away from there in junior high school, is where we first came\ninto antisemitism. Not senior high ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"school, but junior high school. This is 7th,\n8th, and 9th grade. I went to Hoke Smith High School; it was on Hill Street, and\nwe had a few red necks over there. If they saw a Jew boy, they would go over\nthere and elbow him. I had grown up at the Boys Club and I had learned to box,\nand I was a street boy. If they hit me, I'd hit them back. Many of us spent, I\nused to spend 2 or 3 days a week for an hour or so at the principal's office. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I\nwasn't going to let them hit me. Believe it or not, most of those boys that we\nfought, we became good friends afterwards. I just didn't like anybody pushing me\naround. I will tell you one story, I think it's Bruce Murphy, I'm not sure of\nthe young fella's name. One of the gangs, there was two gangs there, and one of\nthem sent this boy to go whip my fanny. He elbowed me and we stood there and\nfought for a while, until one of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"teachers took to the principal's office. I\ndon't think that neither one of us won that fight. After that this guy wouldn't\nlet any big guy mess with me. I'm talking about the leader of the gang, and he\nbecame my friend. It was childish type stuff. It wasn't anything concentrated,\nbut it was childish, and it was stuff that they had learned and needed to unlearn.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Now when you were growing up, and you were young and the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust\nwas going on in Europe, did that . . . ?\n\nA. BENATOR: We didn't know that, at least I didn't know about the Holocaust\nuntil later. I do remember when I was reading about it, it was aggravating and\nsicken and whatever. I'll say this much, when Israel became a state, there was a\nbig difference. Our Jews were perceived. When Israel was able to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"protect\nthemselves and do what they did, there was a big change in the attitudes of a\nlot of people. I guess maybe it was more in our eyes, than it was in theirs, but\nat least it did help.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Besides being connected to the Synagogue, were there other\ncommunity organizations that you were . . . ?\n\nA. BENATOR: Jewish Alliance, when I was about 15, 14, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"15, Sam Penso [sp] came\nout of the army. He got a group of us together over there at Shalom and said\nit's time you boys start learning to meet the rest of the Jewish community. We\nformed a club called LAP, which is Light and Peace which is Or VeShalom. Light\nand Peace that's what Or VeShalom means. We played basketball at the Alliance\nand various other things. Once we started that, some of the people at the\nAlliance realized that they had, we had a couple of boys that were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"boxers.\nBoxing in the Golden Gloves and what have you. They hired a boxing coach, Coach\nHilly, who we knew from the Boys Club. We had a boxing team at the Alliance. I\nwas quite proud to box in my shorts and have a Jewish Star on my shorts, I\nremember that. I won the Golden Gloves under the Alliance name. Then I won the\nSoutheastern AU Tournament under the Alliance name, we went to Boston. First\nfight I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"won, two of us from Atlanta won our fist fight, and the rest lost and\nboth of us lost the second fight [Pointing to picture] This is when I was\nboxing. I think this picture showed me boxing for the Jewish Education Alliance.\nAfter they had gotten a boxing coach, we formed a boxing group at the Alliance.\nThis was the Golden Gloves; picture for the Golden Gloves that they took. This\nwas back in the year probably ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1947, 1946, 1947. I started boxing as a novice\ndivision in the 70-to-80-pound weight, 65--80-pound weight. I've been boxing\nuntil I was 17 [and] going to college at 18.\n\nINTERVIEWER: What was it like getting all those knocks?\n\nA. BENATOR: What is it like, well if you're fast and you move around, they don't\nhit you too hard, if you're lucky. I was pretty lucky; I didn't get that many\nknocks. I know the last fight I was hurting pretty ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bad after the fight. Then I\nfound out that that this boy that had beaten me pretty good, had boxed more\nprofessional fights than I had seen. That was normal back in those days; today\nthey don't let them do that. Back in those days, if a boxer wanted to fight in\nthe Golden, National Youth Tournament and get a reputation, even though they\nfought pro; there [was] still fight in the amateurs.\n\nINTERVIEWER: For how long were you . . . ?\n\nA. BENATOR: Boxing? When I was 10 or 11, I used to box ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the novice, 12 to 13.\nThen I went\n\ninto open division, which is supposedly the more experienced. I boxed until the\nfirst year of\n\ncollege, 18 to 19.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Would you recommend boxing for your children or grandchildren?\n\nA. BENATOR: Only if they're smart enough to move out of the way. Only if they're\nsmart enough to keep from getting hit too hard, I would want them to get hit too hard.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Would you recommend it as a sport?\n\nA. BENATOR: I rather them do something else, I don't want them getting hit. Back\nthen we were, that was the normal ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sport. Especially if you were little, I was\nvery little. I was a feather weight, 112 to 117. I started when I was in the 70 to 80 pound.\n\nINTERVIEWER: How did you, how much did you interact with the Ashkenazic Community?\n\nA. BENATOR: [To] give you an example. Archie M [sp] who is a member of Or\nVeShalom now. He was also a boxer; he was in the novice division. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was a\nsports week at the Alliance. They wanted to get two boxers to spar, so he and I\nspared we went three rounds together. Archie is a heavy weight, and I was a\nfeather weight. I just wouldn't let him hit me, I would just go in and go out to\nkeep him from hitting me. He was pretty good.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Did you interact in the Ashkenazic Community?\n\nA. BENATOR: Yeah, we interacted some, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but not as much as we did within our own\ncommunity. I got to know a lot of the boys, in fact my first bicycle; I got my\nfirst bicycle flipping coins with Arthur Bartell He and Philip Sunshine use to\nlive on Atlanta Avenue, which was those that had made it a little bit better on\nthe Southside and moved over to Atlanta Avenue, and then they moved over to\nHighland Avenue. Arthur Bartel; we were good friends, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and sometimes we would\nflip coins for pennies or nickels or what have you. He owed me $3.00 at one\ntime; we never paid it until the end. He owed me $3.00, and I said Arthur when\nare you going to pay me? He said, \"I don't have any money, do you want a\nbicycle?\" I said, \"Let me go see it.\"1 I walked over to Atlanta Avenue and sure\nenough the bicycle had two flats. I walked it over to my house from Atlanta\nAvenue to Central Avenue, which must have been 3 or 4 miles. Anyway, I fixed the\n2 flats, and I had bicycle.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Your first school ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was . . . ?\n\nA. BENATOR: Grammar School, wait a minute there was a preschool that my mother\ntook us to. Then the grammar school, Formwalt Grammar School, Formwalt Street in\nAtlanta, Georgia.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Memories of grammar school?\n\nA. BENATOR: Memories of grammar school just a lot of kids. My sister reminds me\nthat Curtis and I went to Grant Park so evidently, I was friends with Curtis.\nThe Atlanta Boys Club became a member of the Boys Club early on. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact, the\nmembership . . . the membership was a quarter a year. You worked 5 hours on\nSaturday or Sunday morning cleaning up and you get your membership for the year.\nThey give you a brown card showing that you are a paid-up member. Later on, I\nwas asked to form a board of directors for a new Boys Club going up on Bedford\nPines, which is near Boulevard Drive, in a low rent area, black area. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I took the\njob went around and got some men from Auburn Avenue and got the principal of the\nschool and a few other people to be on the board. We were there for a couple of\nyears; I'll tell you the story later about that. We had a meeting one time and\nHerman Gwen, which is the executive director that was sitting there one day. I\nsaid Herman, I call him Mr. Gwen, I said Mr. Gwen tell me something. How come\nthe boys at the Boys Club went swimming naked? He said Asher those boys ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"didn't\nhave a bathing suit. The building that we were in was the old Jewish Progressive\nClub, on Pryor Street. The Boys Club had bought it when they had moved out to\n10th street. There was this indoor swimming pool. Back then it wasn't Boys and\nGirls Club like it is now, it was only Boys Club. We used to go swimming naked\nwith no swimming trunks on. He said, because the boys in that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"neighborhood\ndidn't have swimming trunks. That was one of the early memories. Let's see, by\nthe way Clark Howard, are you familiar with him on the radio? I went to his\nfirst wedding. How did I meet Clark Howard? Clark Howard formed a group of boys\nfrom his school, I think its Westminster. They would come over to the Bedford\nPines, Boys Club twice a week, I think it was. They would teach math and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"English\nto some of our boys. They did this for a year and at the end of the school year,\nhis mother was Bernie and Joy Howard. They had a party; they invited all the\nboys that were taught, the boys that did the teaching and the Board of Directors\nof the Boys Club to their house for an afternoon get-together. That's when I met\nJoy and Bernie Howard for the first time. Over the years ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we went to Israel, and\nthey were over on Federation, and I got to know them pretty good and I was on\nFederation Board with them.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Let's go to high school . . .\n\nA. BENATOR: High school, Hoke Smith High school.\n\nINTERVIEWER: What stands out?\n\nA. BENATOR: Hoke Smith, I use to get in a lot of fights, but I did pretty good.\nI got a scholarship, senior high school; I got a scholarship to Oglethorpe. Went\nto Oglethorpe for one year, then I went to Georgia ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"State for the rest of it, but\nit took me a long time.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Were there any particular subjects that . . . ?\n\nA. BENATOR: At Commercial High School, I took three years of accounting during\nthe summer. I only went to Commercial High School for one year. There were two\nmore years of high school accounting that I took which included city accounting,\nvarious other courses of accounting. I took all four ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"courses that summer: one\nsummer from 8:30 to 12:00.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Why?\n\nA. BENATOR: Because this teacher had us for one year and she said that you all\nneed to learn the rest of it if you want to get a decent job. I opted for it,\nand we went to summer school. That was at the old Commercial High School, that's\nwhere they had the summer school back then. I took the four courses of\naccounting. Later on, it turned out real good, I'll tell you why. When I got my\n. . . after starting [to] working at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bennie Galanti's store, they were building\na supermarket out on Jonesboro Road. A 10,000 square foot store, which back then\nwas a big supermarket. Most of our stores were, 1,500 square ft, 1,200 square\nft., what have you. Right before that store was finished, he had already told us\nthat he was trying to sell the store. One day he came to the store, and he told\nme and Morris; he said fella's I want to tell you something. I think I got this\nstore sold. After though, he said \"Why don't you all buy it?\" He hadn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"signed\nthe contract yet. He said why don't you all by it? We looked at each other. He\nsaid, \"Let me tell you what, I'm selling it for $10,000 cash. If you all want\nit, I'll sell it to you all for half cash and half over 2 years, no interest.\"\nHe was damn nice to do it, believe me. That's what you'll expect from any\nrelative, but he was extremely nice to do it. I looked at Morris and Morris\nlooked at me. He went and borrowed $2,500 from his uncle, who he was staying\nwith. My mother had saved up, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when Max was in the Army, had saved up $2,400 of\nhis money, she gave it to me. I told Bennie, I can give you $2,400 now and the\nother hundred in the next few months. He said good enough so we bought the store.\n\nINTERVIEWER: What was the name of the store?\n\nA. BENATOR: Butler Street Supermarket.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Where was it?\n\nA. BENATOR: The corner of Butler and Harris Street, which right now is an\nintersection, interchange for the expressway. Right there, do you know where\nForrest ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Avenue is? Two blocks from Forrest Avenue on Butler Street. Give you an\nexample; Grady Hospital is on Butler Street.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Where were you with your education?\n\nA. BENATOR: At that time; I had one year and one quarter of college. I took one\nmorning class and two evening classes. I was going out with Grace and that was\nwhen we were dating. In fact, my first date with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Grace was I took her out to the\nFarmers Market, while I brought produce for that next morning's opening.\n[Pointing to picture] This is my graduation picture from Georgia State. [The]\ntruth about the matter, if it wasn't for Grace, I ever would have been able to graduate.\n\nINTERVIEWER: What year was that?\n\nA. BENATOR: 1956. Working 50-60 hours a week and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thought everything was just great.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Behind every successful man . . .\n\nA. BENATOR: There is a more determined wife. [Pointing to picture] This is a\npicture of me and my brothers, when Isaac Galanti got married to Vivian. This is\nin front of the house on Central Avenue and we were all young then.\n\nG. BENATOR: My name is Grace Levy Benator, and I'm married to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Asher Benator for\n51, 52 years. We got married December 13,1953 at Or VeShalom Synagogue in\nAtlanta, Georgia. It was on Highland Avenue at the time.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Could you tell me about the day, when you saw your wife for the\nfirst time?\n\nA. BENATOR: If I remember . . . well actually I had seen her when she was\nyounger, but she was too young then. Then the first time that I remembered\nseeing her as a young lady was at a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"party for my brother and Grace's cousin, who\nwere getting engaged. In fact, I asked her and her neighbor up-stairs if they\nwould like to go for a ride afterwards. I took her for a ride out to the Farmers\nMarket on our first so-called date.\n\nINTERVIEWER: When did you realize that you like her?\n\nA. BENATOR: After I had dated her once or twice, I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fully realized that she was\nthe one I was going to ask to marry me.\n\nINTERVIEWER: What did you like about her?\n\nA. BENATOR: I thought she was a mild young lady, I thought. she turned out to be\nreal mild, enough mild. she was also a Sephardic woman, which is very\ncontrolling, but that can be controlled also. She was really cute, that she was.\nI thought she was extremely cute. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"knew her folks and that was the one for me.\n\nINTERVIEWER: What are your memories of those early dates?\n\nG. BENATOR: He asked me out to go bowling, but we ended up going to his brother\nand my cousin's Sylvia Levy Benator apartment to help paint it. Their apartment\nthat they were going to move into after they got engaged and were going to get\nmarried. Then we started dating and I thought that he was cute and nice and a\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nice person.\n\nINTERVIEWER: What specifically did you like about him?\n\nG. BENATOR: He was cute, nice, I don't know I just like him.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Did you have an engagement party?\n\nA. BENATOR: We got engaged . . .\n\nG. BENAOTR: I think we had an engagement party.\n\nA. BENATOR: We invited the families, some aunts and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"uncles. Some people that we\nsaw all the time. In fact, I do remember when we got engaged, it was in August,\nif I'm not mistaken, right . . . somewhere around there. We were going to get\nmarried in December. One of the uncle's said, why don't you all wait or was it\nyour father?\n\nG. BENATOR: The reason we were going to get married a year later .\n\nA. BENATOR: I wanted to get married in December and we've been talking about\ngetting married a year later. One of the uncles ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or an aunt asked, why are you\nall getting married so quick. Why don't you all wait a little while? I said why?\n\nINTERVIEWER: How did he ask you?\n\nG. BENATOR: We went to the Rialto Theater and upstairs in the balcony, we were\nwatching a movie. I don't remember the name of it. He said oh, something about\ngetting a ring.\n\nA. BENATOR I said would you like one of these?\n\nG. BENATOR: First you have to ask when you get married. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He asked my father for\nmy hand in marriage. He went to Panama City for a vacation, and he kept calling\nme up every night, he went with a friend of his, a guy. Then he came back we got engaged.\n\nINTERVIEWER: How did your family like him?\n\nG. BENATOR: Very much, they knew his mother, father and we've known each other\nall of our lives. We are from Or VeShalom Synagogue and we had grown up\ntogether. we are 4 years difference. I was 18 at the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time . . .\nA. BENATOR: . . . and I was an old man at 22.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Did your family take to her?\n\nA. BENATOR: Oh, they liked her, they liked her very much.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Describe her?\n\nA. BENATOR: At that time, she was very pretty young lady. She was smart, smarter\nthan me.\n\nG. BENATOR: I had a scholarship to Emory University when I graduated high\nschool. At that time, I was 18. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said 4 years is a long time to go to college.\nPlus, we didn't have much money; I would have to ride the bus. I was worried\nthat I wouldn't get to class on time. I was worried if I could pay, even though\nI had a scholarship, there were still other things involved. I said Gosh, I\ndon't know if I can afford this. I'm a worry wart, so I worried about it. I said\nhe asked me to get married and I said okay.\n\nA. BENATOR: She would have been alright. She probably would have been a top\nlawyer or a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"top doctor or whatever.\n\nINTERVIEWER: At what stage were you in your career?\n\nA. BENATOR: At that time, I had a grocery store, and I was going to Georgia\nState College. At the time I think we were working about 50-60 hours a week. Had\na grocery store and that's it.\n\nG. BENATOR: Tell them about your first car.\n\nA. BENATOR: Oh, my first car was a Chevrolet that I bought in 1951 and I already\nhad the store for a year and a half, two ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years. I really didn't know how to\ndrive. I never really learned how to drive. I think I had a license that I had\nbarely gotten through. Anyway, they brought the car to me on a Saturday. We\nclosed up that Saturday night and I took Morris, my partner home. Then I got\nabout 3 blocks from my house and the car conked out on me. I had pulled it over\nto the side and I just left it there and just walked home. I just left it there\nuntil the next morning. A friend of mine that knew how to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"drive, that didn't\nhave a car, he showed me how to drive it.\n\nINTERVIEWER: The Wedding, where did it take place?\n\nG. BENATOR: At Or VeShalom on Highland Avenue, 1953 it was December 13th. It had\nrained that night and drizzled a little bit. We had a big crowd, we have a big\nfamily, all of our friends and relatives were there. My mothers help cook the\nfood and all, it was catered. We had the caterers, but they did cook a lot of\nthis ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"food, his mother helped, they had started. We had a big wedding.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Who married you?\n\nG. BENATOR: Rabbi Joseph Cohen a blessed memory.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Did you have bridesmaids?\n\nG. BENATOR: Yes . . .\n\nA. BENATOR: . . . And grooms, my brothers and who else? Cousins, Joe [sp], Sam Galanti, Joe Tirico [sp], Raymond Arogeti [sp], Leo Benatar, a few others. Josiah Benator . . .\n\nG: BENATOR: Rachel ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Burgers, Betty Cohen, Denise, my sister Sylvia Benator, Luke Bryant [sp].\n\nINTERVIEWER: First Dance?\n\nG. BENATOR: Yes, we had a first dance.\n\nINTERVIEWER : Do you remember what you danced to?\n\nG. BENATOR: I don't know . . .\n\nA. BENATOR: Singing . . . I'm not sure if that was it or not, I really don't\nremember. I do know that we had a picture of Uncle Maze, and he was dancing, and\nhe had some raindrops on his ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"jacket. The Sephardic know how to enjoy their\nparties, they can enjoy their parties. [Pointing to picture] This is Grace and\nmy wedding and my mother and my father. This was in 1953, December.\n\nG. BENATOR: At Or VeShalom Synagogue and this is still at the chapel at Or\nVeShalom now on North Druid Hills Road.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Who made your dress?\n\nG. BENATOR: I bought it at Davison and Paxon , and it was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"$80.00 at that time.\nMy daughter also wore my dress in 1980, I think. It would probably cost now\n$800.00 .\n\nA. BENATOR: Inflation . . .\n\nINTERVIEWER: Where did you go on your honeymoon?\n\nG. BENATOR: We went to Miami Beach, Florida, and it was the coldest they ever\nhad. The coldest week they ever had on record when we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"went there.\n\nG. BENATOR: We barely went to the beach.\n\nA. BENATOR: December 1953.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Where did you stay?\n\nG. BENATOR: The Shore Club\n\nINTERVIEWER: When you came back where did you live?\n\nA. BENATOR: Back then apartments were very scarce. There was a friend of mine at\nGeorgia State that was moving out of the apartment. We had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"told him that we\nwould take it over. Instead of him telling the apartment owner that he was\nleaving, he said would it be alright to transfer it over to me and they did.\n\nG. BENATOR: It was over on 889 Parkway, which was near Grady High School. It was\na terrace apartment, which means downstairs and it was a big one bedroom. Above\nus lived Reny and Harold Hersh.\n\nA. BENATOR: David Berkman had rented the apartment before ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"us. The apartment\nowner agreed to do that. I got to tell them how we bought the house.\n\nG. BENATOR: Okay, we lived in the apartment for like a year and a half and so I\nbecame pregnant. A cousin of ours was going to have twins, so I told Asher if I\nhave twins will you buy us a house. He said if you have twins I will.\n\nA. BENATOR: I said yes.\n\nG. BENATOR: He said if you have twins I will. When I went to the doctor, in the\n7th month, they took an x-ray. Because at that time they didn't have the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ultrasound and so the x-ray showed twins. I called him on the phone from the\ndoctor's office. I said are you looking at the want ads? He said, \"What do you\nmean, what for?\" I said, \"Well we are going to have twins; you got to buy a house.\"\n\nA. BENATOR: We bought a house, a duplex on Durant Place. For the first couple,\nthree months we stayed at Grace's mother's house while the kids were . . .\n\nG. BENATOR: They were born premature.\n\nA. BENATOR: They were born premature, and they stayed in the hospital next to what?\n\nG. BENATOR: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"11 days.\n\nA. BENATOR: By the way back then two premature, the cost was $25.00 a day for\nboth of them, at the hospital.\n\nG. BENATOR: It was $150.00 [for] the hospital bill.\n\nA. BENATOR: Extra, so they were fairly reasonably priced children.\n\nINTERVIEWER: How long did the babies stay in . . .?\n\nG. BENATOR: 11 days.\n\nA. BENATOR: They were both early?\n\nG. BENATOR: Yeah, a month ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"early.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Tell me about your first . . .\n\nG. BENATOR: We stayed at my mother's for three months, because they got up at\nnight. Every three hours on the three hours. He was going to Georgia State, and\nhad a grocery store, long hours. My mother helped me get up in the middle of the\nnight with the twins. They would both get up every three hours on the three\nhours. After 3 months they slept through the night and then we moved back to our apartment.\n\nINTERVIEWER: What did you name the twins?\n\nG. BENATOR: Okay, his first name is Isaac Michael ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Benator; Michael is the\noldest, 4 minutes, but we call him Michael. Then my daughter Michelle, we took\nthe \"M\" from his mother's name Mary. Her name is Michelle Ann; my grandmother's\nname was Hinola [sp] Levy. Ann they called her in English. We named them Michael\nand Michelle.\n\nA. BENATOR: Michelle Ann.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Your first born were twins arrived when you were still . . . ?\n\nA. BENATOR: In college, second year. In fact, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they were born on Thursday night.\nFriday morning, I got up early and Friday morning we usually have drill, ROTC. I\nwent there, and after the first half I told the Sergeant, by the way I had twins\nlast night. He nearly flipped. He said what, go on home, go see your wife.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Now what year was this?\n\nG. BENATOR: 1955, January ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"27th.\n\nINTERVIEWER: What went through you heart, and through you mind when you became parents?\n\nA. BENATOR: We're lucky, we were very lucky to have two kids that were . . . as\nfar as we knew, and thank God to this day, are still in good health and we were\nvery fortunate.\n\nINTERVIEWER: How did you feel being a mother?\n\nG. BENATOR: I was overwhelmed, but I managed . . .\n\nA. BENATOR: She more than managed.\n\nG. BENATOR: In those days we had help. I had a maid every day, well 5 days a\nweek, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Monday through Friday. We didn't have the car seats; we had this car bed that\nfit in the back of the seat, which to me is not so safe today, no seat belts or\nanything. I had to have two of those in the back seat of a car and we only had\none car. If I needed the car to go to the doctors' office, I had to take him to\nwork, with the children in the morning. Come back and pick him up that night.\nOtherwise, we had a maid, and we had a double stroller. We walked ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everywhere;\nPiedmont Park was close by.\n\nA. BENATOR: We would go to the park almost every Sunday. I was off Wednesday\nafternoon we were off one afternoon a week.\n\nINTERVIEWER: What do you remember about your twins as kids of stories that make\nyou smile today?\n\nG. BENATOR: When they were little, I would put them in a play pen, and they\nwould look at each other and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"entertain them. In fact, it was easier with the two\nof them than a single one, because they would entertain each other. They didn't\nwant anybody else to play with them and you know they were occupied.\n\nA. BENATOR: They had their own beds, quite often once they got a little older,\nthey would reach out, and they would grab each other's hand and pull the other\none to them. They would get in both beds and one of them would climb into the\nothers bed.\n\nG. BENATOR: We didn't have carpet and there was a wooden floor. The wheels would\nroll the twin beds and they would jump ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from one bed to the other. Out of the bed\nand get in and out of the room. We finally had to put a lock on the outside the\ndoor so they wouldn't get out.\n\nINTERVIEWER: [Picture] Where are you there?\n\nA. BENATOR: We were in Aberdeen, Maryland with the twins, in the officers'\nquarters. We lived in the officers' housing. One of the memories of Aberdeen was\nwhen three couples or was it four couples went to a night club, in Baltimore. It\nwas ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a little risque, so after about an hour and a half, we got up to go. The MC\nsaid what's the matter; you can't stand this dancing and stuff? We answered back\nno, we have to go home and feed our kids. We had to let the babysitter go.\n\nINTERVIEWER: When did you serve in the military?\n\nA. BENATOR: 1956 or 1957.\n\nG. BENATOR: 1956 to 1957, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"six months.\n\nINTERVIEWER: In what capacity?\n\nA. BENATOR: As a second Lieutenant, in the Ordinance Division. I should have\nbeen in finance, because I had majored in accounting. Because I had wrote down,\nI enjoyed doing things with my hands and fixing things, they put me in\nOrdinance. Which was no big thing that was the Army.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Where were you posted?\n\nA. BENATOR: We were posted on base there were some officer's apartments,\nquarters is what we called them, and we rented one of those. We got to meet some\nreal ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nice people, while we were in the Army. I remember when they were 2 years\nold, and the kids would go to sleep, they would climb out of their beds. Get to\nthe door and put their fingers under the door trying to get out.\n\nG. BENATOR: Yeah, we had the lock on the outside. They would fall asleep on the\nfloor by the door.\n\nA. BENATOR: With their fingers sticking out . . . so in order to put them back\nin bed, once they fell back asleep. We had to push their fingers away from the\ndoor, open the door a little bit. Push their fingers a little bit more, until we\ncould get in and move them and then put them in the bed. I remember there was a\ntall ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stepladder, not [a] stepladder sliding board. Mush have been as tall as\nthat step up there [pointing to stairs]. Michelle would climb up and slide down.\nMichael was scared to do it, but he wasn't going to let Michelle do something\nthat he couldn't do. Even though he didn't want to do it, he would get up there\nand do the same thing. I mean the computation was there. That lasted throughout\na good portion of their lives.\n\nINTERVIEWER: At this time, you were studying, you were working, and you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were . .\n. ?\n\nA. BENATOR: I was going to school.\n\nINTERVIEWER: You became a father?\n\nA. BENATOR: Went to the army afterwards.\n\nINTERVIEWER: How . . . ?\n\nA. BENATOR: How you do it?\n\nINTERVIEWER: How did you manage?\n\nA. BENATOR: Very easy. You had a wife that helped, and you did what you had to\ndo. That wasn't anything unusual back in those days. If we wanted to do that, we\ndid it. I will never forget . . . when I got my first car, I'll tell you a\nlittle secret, I got three ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tickets, driving tickets, and they were all within\ntwo months. They were all for not coming to a complete stop at the stop sign.\nWhat I'll do, I'll go to the stop sign, I'd slow down real good, look both ways\nand I'll go, I got 3 tickets. For a month I had to ride my bicycle to the\ngrocery store and back home. So that taught me to watch myself, and not to break\nthe law.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Was that a challenge for you?\n\nG. BENATOR: Was that before we were married?\n\nINTERVIEWER: That was before we were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"married, that was before we were married.\nThen after we were married, she would quite often come to the store and work\nwhile I go to school in the morning.\n\nG. BENATOR: Before the twins were born.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Was it a challenge for you to have a husband who was so busy?\n\nG. BENATOR: Not really, a lot of the guys all worked who had long hours and we\nwere all used to it; friends my age, and then cousins.\n\nA. BENATOR: When we weren't working or going to school, we were together. On\nSundays, I think the grocery stores back ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then had a Sunday law, you couldn't\nopen on Sundays. We were always together on Sunday. We were always together at\nnight. We were always together on an off day whether if would be one half day or\ntwo half days.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Did you have a social life?\n\nG. BENATOR: Oh yeah, we went out, we had friends. A lot of them were our\nrelatives, cousins. We would go to movies., .like a group of 10 of us. We would\ngo to movies and eat out afterwards and had a good time. It was usually on\nSunday night, because he worked late on Saturdays.\n\nA. BENATOR: Lebs, we'd go to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lebs. I don't know if you're familiar with it. It\nused to be a restaurant in Atlanta, right across from the Rialto Theater.\n\nG. BENATOR: When we first got married, we would eat out like on a weeknight at\nPig N Whitles [sp].\n\nA. BENATOR: Whole meal was a $1.50 with the dessert and a drink.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Then another child came?\n\nG. BENATOR: Yes, 4 years later I waited. Okay, in 1955 the twins were born and\nin ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1956 I had cancer. I had a tumor wrapped around my thyroid gland. I had to\nhave 2 operations at the time, because I couldn't be anesthetize for such a long\ntime. Luckily it was localized, and they just gave me iodine water to drink. I\nwas radioactive for one day, 24 hours and that was it. I waited 4 years before I\nhad another child and that was Sam. He's named after my father.\n\nA. BENATOR: Let me tell you about that operation. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dr David Henry Pore did it. He\nwas a miracle man, first thing. He was a surgeon, and he did the operation. The\nfirst question he asked Grace, he said Grace move your hands. Grace moves your\nfeet and he said thank God, because that was a very tight operation. We were\nvery lucky; she was very lucky. He did a heck of a good job.\n\nG. BENATOR: Here I am in front of the house on Durant ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Place in 1961. This is\nMichael, me and Sam and this is Michelle.\n\nINTERVIEWER: You had the third child?\n\nG. BENATOR: Right, that was Sam and now he's 46. He's married and has 2 boys\nJason and Asher. Asher is named after him, and Jason was first.\n\nINTERVIEWER: What was he like as a child?\n\nG. BENATOR: He was very good, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"except later on he became a little rebellious. He\nwent to Riverside Military Academy when he was in high school.\n\nA. BENATOR: We would go to Gainesville every Sunday afternoon and visit him.\nThat was fun.\n\nG. BENATOR: Go up for lunch, they would parade and march.\n\nINTERVIEWER: When you were raising you children, what values did you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"try to\ntransmit to them?\n\nA. BENATOR: Their religion, they are not supposed to break any laws, they\nsuppose do what they supposed to do, they knew was right and wrong. We're very\nfortunate that all of our children live in Atlanta, grandchildren too. Believe\nme that's a plus, because if you're [a] parent you realize that you miss your\nchildren. The holidays, what we start doing on the holidays, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we would invite\nboth sets of parents, and their siblings . . .\n\nINTERVIEWER: In-laws you mean?\n\nA. BENATOR: In-laws yeah, both sets of the in-laws' parents and their siblings\nand their children's' spouses if they were married over the holiday. Whether it\nwould be Pesach and what else . . .\n\nG. BENATOR: Mother's Day, Father's Day we get together.\n\nA. BENATOR: Mother's Day, Father's Day we all got together.\n\nG. BENATOR: Rosh Hashanah and Passover.\n\nA. BENATOR: To break the fast we would have our immediate there. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Back in my day\nand my children's day, the kids that got married. 95 to 98 percent of them\nstayed with Or VeShalom regardless of who they married or what. Today they don't\nhave that closeness and that feeling about Or VeShalom. As far as Judaism goes\nyes, they do feel that they're Jews and that they want to stay Jews. as far as\nOr VeShalom that is going to create a problem that we got to find an answer ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for.\nWe got to find a way to make sure that they understand. Maybe we shouldn't,\nmaybe they should go where they want to go, where they're close to. I'm\nprejudiced. I want them to stay at Or VeShalom.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Where do your children go now?\n\nA. BENATOR: Or VeShalom, all of them still go to Or VeShalom. their children are\nnot going to have that closeness and that affiliation with Or VeShalom that\ntheir parents or grandparents have.\n\nG. BENATOR: First Atlanta has grown, it's so ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"big and there're so many synagogues\ntoday. Asher didn't tell you all that in the early days Atlanta really mainly\nhad 3 synagogues 4. It was the AA [Ahavath Achim] which was called the big Shul.\nThen there was Shearith Israel was the little Shul. The Temple was the Temple.\nOr VeShalom was Sephardic. There was always Anshi S'fard which was very\nOrthodox. So that was all Atlanta had when we were growing up, mainly in\nsynagogues. Beth Jacobs started about 1953 when we got married on the comer when\nSylvia and Max was just the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"beginning of Beth Jacobs. Atlanta was like a small\ntown, everybody knew everybody. It's tremendous now, it's like California and\nNew York there're all spread out. it makes it hard for you to be close to each\nother and see each other so often like we use to.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Talking about Or VeShalom, how attached are you to your Sephardic\nheritage? I would say very much so. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It doesn't mean that we don't recognize the\nother synagogues or what have you. We're very much attached to it.\n\nG. BENATOR: Our mothers and fathers came here and were members of it, started\nit. We grow up there our children were bar mitzvah there, we got married there.\nEverybody is like a relative to us there. It's like a family type of synagogue.\n\nINTERVIEWER: What about Sephardic culture? Have you tried to pass that on to our children?\n\nA. BENATOR: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sephardic Culture I guess . . . I guess you would say that they have\nmore of an American culture, they understand what it is. In fact, I have said\nthis before, that in the 40's we had 3 different Jewish communities, in fact\nalmost 3 different religions. There was the Temple, there was the AA and there\nwas the OVS [Or VeShalom]. Shearith Israel and AA actually that was a split off,\nI don't know if you know it. That was where ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shearith Israel wanted to be more\ntraditional or what have you. AA wanted to stay more conservative. I think\nthere're pretty well alike now. That was the big Shul and the little Shul. By\nthe way back in the 1940's, a Temple girl dated an Ashkenazi boy that was\nshunned. I mean it was a shame, lowering themselves that much. Today the\ncommunity . . . and it was thanks to some of our community leaders that said, it\nwas ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time we got the 3 congregations together. That's the beginning of the\ncommunity center or from the Alliance to the community center. Then they sort of\ngot where the youth met each other and got to know each other. It didn't become\nsuch [a] thing.\n\nG. BENATOR: The reason I keep the Sephardic tradition going is on the holidays.\nI have the Aschniti relatives and the Sephardic, but I always have the Sephardic\nfood, which they get used to.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Like?\n\nG. BENATOR: Like okay I make; Tomot modonis [sp], ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like you all have stuffed\ncabbage, but its stuffed tomatoes, onions and bell peppers. Then I make the\nSephardic rice, when it's not Passover. We can have rice during the week, but\nnot the first 2 nights of Passover. Let's see what else do I make; alright I\nmake Braque's [sp] and some of the Sephardic sweets.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Who taught you that?\n\nG. BENATOR: My mother, I always use to help her make stuff ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like that.\n\nA. BENATOR: What we've done lately, when Grace makes it on Sunday mornings, we\ninvite the grand kid over to help her make it. We would send them home with care packages.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Say something about your grand kids?\n\nA. BENATOR: My grandkids . . . they are smarter than we are, there're better\nthan we are. Thank God they all live here, outside of going to college. we are\nvery, very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fortunate.\n\nG. BENATOR: We have 6 of them right now so far, 3 Children 2 each. My oldest\ngrandson is Ryan, he's 24 years old, and he's working, out of college. My 2nd\ngrandson is Keith Benator, these are Michael boys. He's a senior at the\nUniversity of Georgia; he wants to go to law school. My 3rd one is Gab Rich,\nMichelle and Richard oldest son, he's at Northwestern University. My 4th one is\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julie, my one and only granddaughter. If you think she's spoiled, rotten and\nshe's a freshman at Georgia. Then my youngest son Sam, who has Jason Benator,\nhe's 11 and the youngest is Asher, and he's 8. Since he's divorce, we help him a\nlot and we see them quite a bit.\n\nA. BENATOR: Julie, by the way, she thinks that's spoiled rotten, she in her 11th\ngrade at North Springs, which is a very mixed high school, she was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"most friendly\nand played on the basketball team. The thing is she was most friendly and most\npopular. This is a school that has a variety of people. Almost 40 to 50 percent\nblack, or what have you and she was able to get that, which is quite an\naccomplishment. We're proud of all of them.\n\nINTERVIEWER: You said that one of your grandsons ask you about segregation?\n\nA. BENATOR: That's interesting; one of the grandsons asked me about segregation.\nI grew up in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"segregation. I told you that I worked on Butler Street, which was\nthe hub of the Black community. Or the Colored community back in those days. One\nThursday afternoon, when I think I was 15, 16, or 17 years old, my uncle ask me\nwould I be able to come to the store that Thursday afternoon, while they both\nwent somewhere. I said yeah for a few hours after school. I went there after\nschool. Anyway, four men came to the delicatessen. They sat down; it's 3 blacks,\n3 colored and one white. I keep saying black because I'm used to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"saying it now,\nback then it was colored. there's 3 colored men and one white man came in. if\nthey ordered a sandwich or a piece of pie and coffee, nothing would be said.\nThey ordered 4 sandwiches and 4 beers. I had to go there and tell the table. I\nsaid look, I can sell 3 beers to you all, but I can't sell the white man a beer.\nOur license said for coloreds only. Back in these days if you sold the white man\nfood they wouldn't take your license, even though they could. They would not\nmake a case against you if you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sold them food. Because something to eat, even\nthough the law was stupid and dumb at the time, they still enforced . . . In\nfact, we know of a man that had to close up his restaurant, because he lost his\nbeer license that way. Anyway, he started laughing. I find out later that he was\na NAACP. He said I'm colored. I said if you're colored, I can sell you beer no\nproblem. Found out later he was a NAACP, all of them were, that come down to\nconfer with some of the leadership in Atlanta. You had a lot of light ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"skinned\nblacks that was lighter skinned than I was. My grandson wrote that and explained\nit just like I told him what happened, and he got an A on it.\n\nG. BENATOR: What it is, we had segregation everything like even in the\ndepartment stores they had a white-water fountain, colored fountain. Bathrooms\nwere separate.\n\nA. BENATOR: Not equal but ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"separate.\n\nG. BENATOR: There were very few black ones, or colored's bathrooms they were\nlimited. They had to sit on the back of the bus . . .\n\nA. BENATOR: Upstairs in the theaters that had mixed seating . . .\n\nG. BENATOR: The beer and liquor license was separate also in the restaurants.\nYou couldn't serve white people liquor. They were very strict on the licenses in\na black store. Where most people didn't know, they only thought that the white\nstores couldn't serve blacks. The black ones couldn't serve the white ones.\n\nA. BENATOR: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It worked both ways, but it's very unequal. It wasn't equal,\nsegregation was not equal. [Pointing to picture] This is a picture of when we\nreopened the supermarket after completely gutting it and fixing it back up.\nPutting a new roof on and this took us 3 months to do all of that. There's one\nother thing about Economy Delicatessen I'd like to say. We didn't know this\nuntil it actually happened. When Dr. King was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unfortunately killed, there was a\nlot of anger, epically some out of towners had come to Atlanta and was burning\ngrocery stores. Turned out, that it was doing the community a disservice,\nbecause they had very few places to go to after that, except downtown or what\nhave you. We found out later, in the Daily World had an article that the\nfootball team had at Archer High School who's up the street from us. Had come\nand sat in front of our store that night and prevented the people from burning\nour ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"store. It was supposed to have been burnt and trashed, but they kept it from\nbeing burnt.\n\nINTERVIEWER: What do you want to tell your grandchildren?\n\nA. BENATOR: To accomplish those things that they think are important. To\naccumulate money is not important, unless you use the money for those things\nthat are necessary and for those things that would ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"benefit your community.\n\nG. BENATOR: I had a teacher once and she said with every privilege comes\nresponsibility. I think that everyone needs to be responsible for their own\nself, be honest, be truthful, and be kind to your neighbor and try to help\npeople. Be helpful, don't be selfish, because things in this world need your\nhelp and you can do it.\n\nA. BENATOR: [Pointing to picture] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's our house on Hopkins Terrace, 1201\nHopkins Terrace. We lived there from 1965 to 1990. That was a good street; there\nwere quite a few of our neighbors . . .\n\nG. BENATOR: We lived there for 25 years. The children went to Kitridge\nElementary School.\n\nINTERVIEWER: [Pointing to picture] This is Grace?\n\nA. BENATOR: That is Grace.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Okay, and who is this?\n\nG. BENATOR: My mother.\n\nA. BENATOR: Grace's mother, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=4830.0,4860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Michelle, Michael with the hair, and Sam. If you\nnotice the hairdo's back in those days were quite large and the boys let their\nhair grow out. They want to see if it could get bigger and it did. This is at\nthe synagogue courtyard, if I'm not mistaken.\n\nINTERVIEWER: The year?\n\nA. BENATOR: This is his bar mitzvah?\n\nG. BENATOR: Yeah 13. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is a picture of my mothers' house which was a Ben\nVenetia home in Rogers, Greece. In 1977 Asher and I went to Rogers and Israel\nwith two other couples. We hired 2 taxicab drivers, one was an older man, one\nwas a younger one. They drove us all around the Island of Rhodes. The older guy\ntold us that in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1944 when the Germans came to Rogers, because they didn't come\nearlier. Because Mussolini, it was Italian, Rhodes was under Italy. Mussolini\nwas a friend of Hitler, so they did not take the Jews to the concentration camps\nuntil they overthrew Mussolini. Then they came there right before the war was\nabout over. Took all the Jews and made them stand in the middle of the square\nfor 3 days and 3 nights. Then they took them off to Auschwitz.\n\nA. BENATOR: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"90 percent of them died in the Holocaust, in the last few months of\nthe war. That was a lot of Grace's relatives. My first store, Butler and Harris\nStreet, was from 1949 to about 1952. Then we bought Lewis Silverboard store, excuse\nme that was on Butler Street. Then we bought Lewis Silverboard store on 4th\nstreet that lasted 3 years, until I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"graduated from college, and I went to the\nArmy. Actually, it was still there but I told my partner that I was going to the\narmy, it had very little value. I said Morris, it's your store. I'm going to the\nArmy. We'll talk when I get back and when I get out. I went to the Army and came\nback 7 or 8 months later. I had been asked to join a partnership with Isaac\nGalanti, I was buying Bennie's share of that business. Actually, Bennie was\nrepresenting is brothers. The Galanti's was partners in a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=4980.0,5010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"store.\n\nINTERVIEWER: What exactly did you sell at these stores?\n\nA. BENATOR: Groceries, meats, and produce, it's just like a supermarket with\nmuch smaller space and much limited items. We sold the basics, flour was 5,10-\nand 25-pound bags, you don't see a 10-pound bag anymore. Back then everybody\ncooked their breads. We sold the basic something's a grocery store ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would sell\nright now.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Do you remember the . . .\n\nA. BENATOR: Customers?\n\nINTERVIEWER: Difficulty with this?\n\nA. BENATOR: Back in those days, the first store we had 2 coal stoves, one in the\nfront and one in the back. During the wintertime it got pretty cold over there.\nIt wasn't the easiest way to work but it wasn't the hardest by a long shot. You\nnever got rich working in a grocery store, but you always were able to feed the\nfamily. You made a decent living in the grocery business. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=5040.0,5070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That was a lot of the\nnew immigrants that came over here. In fact, I made a report for Federation the\ngrosses in Atlanta, the Jewish grosses in Atlanta. Between 35 and 45, I think\n1930 to 1940 something. There were 460 something grocery stores in Atlanta\nduring that period of time owned by Jews. How did you know back then, because\nthey only used their names. Like ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Arogeti Grocery Store or Sam Levy's Grocery\nStore or whatever. That's what most of the immigrants learned. Evidently, they\nmust have come over with one of their relatives. The relatives had a grocery\nstore, and they would work in the grocery store. Learn how to sell, how to\npromote it, sell it and where they would buy it from. During the early days, we\nwould go out to the farmers market and pick up produce and bring it back to the\nstore and sell it. You'll go out there at least 4 to 5 ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=5100.0,5130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"times a week. Sometimes\nin the morning, sometimes the night before, if it's not to hot.\n\nINTERVIEWER: What were the names of your stores?\n\nA. BENATOR: Ours was Butlers Street Supermarket was the first one. Fourth Street\nSupermarket was really Silverboard's store. Then we went out to Perry Homes,\nwhich use to be a government project of over 1000 apartments. We had the Economy\nSupermarket there. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Actually, Isaac had opened it up with his cousins Bennie,\nMorris and Sam. Bennie decided they didn't want to be out there. They asked us\nif we wanted to buy his share out, which we did. When I got out of the Army and\nMax got out of the Navy, we bought Bennie's share. Even though Ike owned half of\nit, and we owned a half; I think the ratio of dividing the profits was a lot\nless different, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=5160.0,5190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whatever it was.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Did you sell on credit?\n\nA. BENATOR: We would give credit . . . at the smaller stores, we had a few\ncustomers that we gave credit to. The bigger store, we didn't give credit. If a\ncustomer was short, needed so food for whatever it was, they'd get it. That\nhappened quite often. I mean we would regulars that would always need it towards\nthe end of the week. We had very little problems with it.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Did you serve a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=5190.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"specific ethnic group?\n\nA. BENATOR: Yes, we served the black community or the colored community.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Any conflicts in that area?\n\nA. BENATOR: Not really, in fact I served on the Distributed Board of Education,\nwhich I was going to tell you about. DE is when you hire students. Your DE\nteacher would come by and check on them. To make sure that they were doing what\nthey [were] supposed to. Make sure they are learning how to operate, learning\nhow to manage in various things like that. In fact, I was proud of the fact that\nwe've had some of our ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=5220.0,5250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"students, some of our help after we had left. When they\nleft us, became managers of various departments. In some cases, some cases,\nmanagers of the stores, of the supermarkets that sprung up in Atlanta\nafterwards. Give you an example, I told you about Dr. King. Let me tell you a\nstory about that. When Dr. King was killed, there were some people. They\nevidently were from out of town. We're coming to Atlanta, and they were burning\nthe grocery stores. They'd get ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=5250.0,5280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up on the roof, chop a hole in the roof, and\nthrow a firebomb down. Before the police, before [the] fire department could\ncome down it was in flames. We didn't know until, that following weekend, but\nthey were supposed to have done our store, one Tuesday night, I think. We read\nabout it in the Atlanta Daily World. The Archer High School Football Team came\nand stayed in front of our store, without us even knowing about it. Sat in the\nparking lot and wouldn't let them bother our store. We thought that was very\nnice. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=5280.0,5310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Part of that was because very few of them worked there. We treated them\nnice, and they treated us nice. Now I was also on the Northwest Butler Street\nYMCA, they had something like the community center, where they had things for\nthe youth there. I was on that board, which was out on the northwest part of\ntown, which is Perry Boulevard. It was a 1 mile ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=5310.0,5340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the store.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Were you a witness of any of the civil rights efforts?\n\nA. BENATOR: Yes and no, I was on the Butler Street Board, the Central Board,\nafterwards. In fact, let me tell you a little story that actually happened.\nThere was a group of about 6 or 7 of us that had bought 100 acres of land out on\nCascade Road, which was a white neighborhood at the time. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=5340.0,5370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We were going to build\napartments over there, apartment complexes. It so happens, it turned over to a\nblack area right after we bought it. We tried to get a loan to start building.\nNo one would lend you money back in those days for a black apartment. Usually,\nthey were built for whites and then they would move out. Anyway, we couldn't get\na loan. A couple of the partners had passed away. Some of the people that [are]\nhere handling the apartment ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=5370.0,5400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"buildings stuff, and the loans and everything\ndecided that we weren't going to be able to get loans. They didn't want to take\na gamble on putting hard money in building even a few apartments in that area.\nThey decided to give it away and take the tax write-off. Turns out they called\nme up and asked me would I talk to Butler Street \"Y\", since it was in the black\ncommunity and give them; I think its 27 or 32 acres of land. I called up the\nexecutive director and he said yes. I told him we would pay the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=5400.0,5430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"taxes for a few\nyears until they got it started and he took it. By the way, that land back then\nwas valued at about $2,000.00 an acre. It happens to be in one of the best most\naffluent black communities today. That land probably in that neighborhood of\n$100,000.00 or more per acre. Even though they had some good land, and they had\nsome land with a lot of dirt on it. Anyway, it turned out very good for them. We\ngave 33 acres to the county to build a park, and they didn't build a park. They\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=5430.0,5460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"built a county building on it. We gave Or VeShalom, they asked me to see if Or\nVeShalom would take 30 something acres, in which we did. That's the endowment\nfund that they have now over at Or VeShalom and that's where it's at.\n\nINTERVIEWER: What happened after the stores?\n\nA. BENATOR: The grocery stores lasted until 1982. In 1979, my nephew came to me\nand ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=5460.0,5490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"asked me about helping him find some apartments or facilities to provide\nhousing for IBM. The bad thing about it right when he came to me, we were\ntalking about doing this and Isaac was killed looking a piece of property. To\nbuild some homes on Riverside Drive which is one of the most affluent areas in\nAtlanta. The reason he was killed, the man that was showing him the property,\nwas ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=5490.0,5520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tattling on a gangster, Thevis [sp] Mike Thevis [sp]. They were waiting for\nhim over there with guns to kill him. They had to kill Isaac too, because he was\nwith Mike Thevis [sp] and that was a terrible thing. A year and a half later\nthis thing actually comes where IBM was looking for these apartments or hotels\nto house their students. They had anywhere ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=5520.0,5550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from 500 to 800 students would come\nin every week. They needed 250 plus units. We found this apartment complex by a\nfriend of mine, Victor Maslia and his partners were building. It was being\nbuilt, the first 48 units becoming available. We worked out a deal, to take\nevery unit that became available. In turn we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=5550.0,5580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gave the same thing to IBM. We\ncharged them $35.00 a night which would house 4 people. Which back in that day\nwas very reasonable for them and we could make money on it ourselves. I remember\none of the things that we were going to do. We checked with Apex Laundry ending,\nwhat the laundry cost would be. We realized that we could come out a little bit\nbetter. Cut the rent rate a dollar and a half, if we had the house keepers wash\nthe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=5580.0,5610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"linens, while they were doing the apartments, which we did. We bought washer\nand dryers, which each housekeeper used in their own apartment. Plus, the\nstudents were able to use the washer and dryer also. It turned out to be a\nbenefit for the students, a benefit for us, it saves us some money and it saved\nIBM some money. They stayed with us for 13 years, until they had a drop in\nprofit. When their profit was continually going up . . . When it first started\nsliding back down a little bit for competition or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=5610.0,5640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whatever. They decided instead\nof bringing all the students to Atlanta, they would send the teachers to various\nareas. Teach the students that wouldn't have to have hotels and travel.\n\nINTERVIEWER: What other business activities have you . . . ?\n\nA. BENATOR: Then after that in 1982, IBM decided to get rid of the thing and\nthey phased out. We had a phase out period. During that period of time IBM\nwanted a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=5640.0,5670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"complex in Dallas, Texas. The only time I went to an outside city,\nbesides when I was in the Army, I went to Irvin, Texas. We bought to purchase an\napartment complex. It was under the understanding that we could give it back at\nany time. They knew that, but they had it, they wanted it built up and they\nwanted it operating. We did it and IBM stayed there for 5, 6, or 7 years, we\nmade a little bit of money but not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=5670.0,5700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much. We turned it back to the mortgage\ncompany, which we had gotten it from. For 6 years they had their full rent\ncoming in. At the end we gave it back, I wish we would have kept it. That was\nthe hindsight like everything else. That was fun. Grace and I went there. We\nstayed there three months to get it together. 3 or 4 months to get it put\ntogether, finish building and then ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=5700.0,5730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"furnishing. Getting the front operating, and\nthat's what we did in Dallas. Then after 1982, when IBM decided to do away with\ntheir training centers, the way they had them. We went into real estate, with 2\ncousins that we had been in real estate with before, Albert Tennebaum [sp], Sam\nWortherin [sp], me and my two brothers. The five of us we went and bought . . .\nMorris my brother and Max and myself, we bought a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=5730.0,5760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"shopping center. Actually,\nthey had gone in partners with somebody that wanted to sell his shares of the\nland. This is 15 years before that. We bought that share of land, so we became\npartners with them. A\u0026P, which was in Atlanta many years ago, decided they\nwanted a supermarket there. We planned to build them the supermarket. Once we\nbought it, they decided they didn't want that supermarket. Because it was in\nGwinnett County, and it was not that many ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=5760.0,5790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people out there. They actually backed\nout of it. We kept that land and paid taxes on it for 15, 20 years. When Publix\ncame to town that was one of the first spots that they said that they wanted a\nstore right there. In order to get that store . . .and the county, at that time,\nwanted to re-route Lawrenceville Highway, Swine Highway. We graded a strip of\nland, maybe an acre and a half, 2 acres, 3 acres ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=5790.0,5820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of land. Graded it for them,\nput sewer under it, and gave it to the county for the highway. The highway came\nin front of our store, our shopping center site. They gave us entrances and\negresses. We did something for the county, the county was good to us, and we got\nPublix as a supermarket. We originally planned to build a Publix store, plus\n20,000 thousand more small square . . . . We finally built 50,000 for Publix and\n50,000 small stores. That's been ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=5820.0,5850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"10 years ago, 11 years ago.\n\nINTERVIEWER: You have been working in partnerships?\n\nA. BENATOR: Right, all my life.\n\nINTERVIEWER: What is the secret for a partnership to work?\n\nA. BENATOR: You have to treat your partners just like you treat yourself.\n\nINTERVIEWER: What do you mean?\n\nA. BENATOR: In other words, you do what you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=5850.0,5880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"suppose to do. You don't take\nadvantage. You make sure you get people that understand that that's what a\npartner [is] supposed to do. If you do it's a lot easier. It's hard; some people\ncan't be partners that I can tell you. We've always had partners. I've had\npartners in every store that I've had. I've had partners in every venture I've\ndone. The only thing I'm in partners with . . . Give you an example, two, one\nstrip that I'm not in partners with anybody but my children, two actually. I\nbought Red Oaks Shopping Center. I told ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=5880.0,5910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my brothers and my other partners that\nI'm buying it. They didn't think that it was a good investment, they said no. I\nwanted to buy it for me and the kids. We bought it, and it turned out alright.\nOne thing that I did that most shopping center people would do was . . . we had\nabout a 45 to 50 percent vacancy factor, when I bought it. I bought it cheap.\nWhere most people would not take a church in., I realized it was getting very\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=5910.0,5940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"difficult to get tenants there. I had churches approach me and I put 2 churches in\nthere. They brought people to the shopping center for services and things. The\nshopping center started doing some business. It helped the grocery, and it\nhelped the other stores. Pretty soon I was getting other tenants. When we sold\nit, it was 100 percent occupied.\n\nINTERVIEWER: What is your secret?\n\nA. BENATOR: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=5940.0,5970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's no secret. You just keep it clean. Do what you [are]\nsupposed to do. If a tenant wants to meet you out there, you try to meet them.\nThere's no secrets, just do what you suppose to do. It's like the retail\nbusiness. Take care of your customers and if you service them, do it.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Not everybody succeeds in business, why have you succeeded?\n\nA. BENATOR: Luck, God's been good to us. I don't know that I've done anything\ndifferent than what other people do. I enjoy . . . I enjoyed being in the\ngrocery business. That was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=5970.0,6000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"work, looking back on it. I enjoyed it.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Tell me about the work you do now?\n\nA. BENATOR: My son Sam is with me now. Because Max and Morris are both gotten to\nwhere they can't do it and work. I manage 1,2,3,4 shopping centers. They put me\nout to pasture a little bit. Larry, Morris's son ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=6000.0,6030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Marie is going to . . .\nMax's daughter are going to join with us in the firm. I told the parents what\nwe're doing, and they agreed with it. They're going to take over the job of me,\nMax and Morris. They're putting me out to pasture, I'm just going to overlook\nit, and sort of help them. I'll help them do what they [are] supposed to do.\nTruth about the matter, they got some heck of an idea that I should have\nimplemented 3 or 4 years ago. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=6030.0,6060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just didn't have the time or just didn't do it.\nA day in my life, I'll get up around 7:30 - 8:00 O'clock, take a shower. Make\nbreakfast, or Grace would have already made breakfast. I'll get to the office\nanywhere between 8:30 and 9:30,9:45. If I've got a meeting, I'll go to the\nmeeting, like with Or. Israel Bond meetings are usually in the evening, 5:30\nmeeting. Federation ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=6060.0,6090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has them and I go once in a while to Federation or the\nCommunity Center. For a couple of years after 911 there was very little activity\nand people wanted to rent spaces. The last few months, it's picked up again.\nBelieve it or not, a lot of them are new immigrants. Or people who are not born\nin this country. That's what I'm finding that people . . . and many of them are\ngoing on with a shoestring. Some of them actually shouldn't have gone into it. A\nlot of them ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=6090.0,6120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"make it and some don't, but that's normal. I'll stay at the office.\nI'll play with the computer for a while. We'll go out and get a drink. Get a\nmixed drink every morning. My mixed drink consists of; decaf Coke Cola and a\nlittle bit of diet Dr. Pepper and ice, no whiskey. I used to drink; I used to\nhave a drink or two when I'd go to a wedding or something. I've gotten out of\nthat, because I just don't. enjoy it. It ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=6120.0,6150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"doesn't do me that much good, and I\ndon't need it. Then at lunch, we would go have lunch with the kids or with\nwhoever's around. Sometime Joe Toricko [sp], Raymond Arogeti or Sam Galanti\nwould come by, and we'll sit and talk for a while. If Johnny doesn't have\nanywhere, that's my brother Johnny, baby brother. He'll come over and we'll play\nbackgammon for an hour or so before I have to go home. Then when I get home\nGrace usually to somewhere to go or we're going somewhere, or we're doing\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=6150.0,6180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something. That's basically it. Unless somebody invited us somewhere or we've\ninvited somebody to join us. Meetings I would say this, a meeting or two, once\nor twice a week. Quite often lots of time during the day. We would get a call\nlike I would like to see a certain store, and we would go out and see it. I've\nbeen put out to pasture, jokily. Larry, Sam and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=6180.0,6210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Marie, which is one of each of\nthe partners, by the way, are going to take over the real estate business. They\ncan do a good job. They've got a lot of good ideas that we didn't take the time\nto institute. I would say that I enjoyed working at the grocery store. I did\nwhat I thought was the right thing. I made a good living. Like I said before,\nyou don't get rich in a grocery store. You make a living and that's it. When we\ndid the apartment, we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=6210.0,6240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"accumulated a little asset, we put it to work very good.\nWe had good luck in the investment and what have you. I've done things I wanted\nto do with the money and the life.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Beside of your business, you have supported many causes, tell me\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=6240.0,6270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about . . . ?\n\nA. BENATOR: Let's start . . .\n\nINTERVIEWER: Let's start with ORT.\n\nA. BENATOR: ORT, I was asked, I'm not sure it's 25, 30 years ago. I think it was\nSal Greenberg, but it could have been Gerald Cohen, ask me to come to an ORT\nmeeting. Because at that time the AA Synagogue some to the members there were\nthe ones that were responsible for starting a chapter in Atlanta, men's ORT\nchapter. I went there and I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=6270.0,6300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"impressed with the fact that they provided\neducation for people that needed jobs, in a lot of underprivileged countries. I\nwas impressed with the fact that they, I think at the time it was 100,000\nstudents going, in 60 countries, going to ORT Schools. I joined it, I got\ninvolved. I remember I was asked to be president; I became president. I remember\ngoing to see Saul Kudelson, who was one of our strong supporters at the time.\nSaul since has ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=6300.0,6330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"passed away, but his son is still active. He used to give an\nannual contribution every year, a nice one. We would go by and see him and thank\nhim for it. Over the years. In fact, I was quite pleased to hear that ORT right\nnow has over 300,000 students in more countries. A lot of them are countries\nwhere Jews are not even there. The fact that it's primarily a Jewish\norganization. At the time it still services all ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=6330.0,6360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people. I was proud of that.\nCommunity Center, I've always been involved in the community center. My children\nwere involved with the community center. The Center has done a tremendous job in\nbring the Jewish Community together. It's done a fantastic job in doing things\nfor the community. House Mate Match among many other programs. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=6360.0,6390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Where they get\nold people and a young person that needs a place to stay together. To provide\nhousing for the young person, who might be going to college or might need a\nplace. Provide security and companionship for an older person. Federation, I got\non Federation in 1981. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=6390.0,6420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've been always pleased with what Federation has done.\nHow they have continued to grow and how they have continued to provide support\nfor programs that need to be done, and that need a start-up. Need some startup\nmoney. I guess the Butler Street \"Y\". I've been involved with the Butler Street\n\"Y\" for 20 years, out at the Northwest branch, and then the main branch ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=6420.0,6450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"10, 15,\n20 years, whatever it is. Even the Associated Grocers. This is not a community\nthing, but a business co-op, to provide groceries for independent grocers. I was\non their board for quite a number of years.\n\nINTERVIEWER: What about the Synagogue?\n\nA. BENATOR: Synagogue, I been president of the synagogue. I've been, you name\nit. I can remember going on the roof ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=6450.0,6480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to wrap a busted pipe, because it needed to\nbe done. That's what we do.\n\nINTERVIEWER: You have been president of numerous organizations . . .\n\nA. BENATOR: Not that many.\n\nINTERVIEWER: At different times?\n\nA. BENATOR: Thanks to my partners, thanks to my wife and thanks to everybody\nthat put up with me.\n\nINTERVIEWER: What is it about you that you're good in leadership ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=6480.0,6510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"positions?\n\nA. BENATOR: I don't know about leadership positions.\n\nINTERVIEWER: President?\n\nA. BENATOR: I don't know I'm thankful I was able to do it. A lot of times\nbecause my partners would let me have the time to do it. In fact, I never went\nto Saturday morning services, up until 1980, because I was always working on\nSaturday. The only times I would go ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=6510.0,6540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was when I was president and there's a bar\nmitzvah and I had to present a book or whatever. Or when one of the family had a\nbar mitzvah and I wanted to be there. Other than that, I never went. Since then,\nGrace and I enjoy going to synagogue on Saturday mornings. We enjoy the serenity\nof it, the camaraderie, you name it. I really don't know why I go; I enjoy doing\nit and we go.\n\nINTERVIEWER: At this time in your life, in what other ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=6540.0,6570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"area of Jewish life would\nyou like to still have an impact, if you could choose?\n\nA. BENATOR: I think I just want to finish up some of the things that I've started.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Like?\n\nA. BENATOR: The Community Center gets that building paid for and watch it\noperate, and watch it grow. I've started a little Maynard Trust on it to make\nsure that some of the funds that may be going ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=6570.0,6600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chair Maynard Trust. That the kids\ncan continue to provide things for the community and hopefully they will\ncontinue to grow it too, for the community.\n\nINTERVIEWER: What do you think should be our priorities as a community?\n\nA. BENATOR: Our priorities as a community should be for those underprivileged\npeople, not necessarily in this ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=6600.0,6630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"country. First, I think that it's not just\nlimited to Jews. I think that if there are areas where there are Jews, they\nshould be helped if possible. Also, that there're many that we do in the\ncommunity that reaches out beyond just the Jewish part of it, but to the total\ncommunity. I think those are the areas that we should try to help. We should\nhelp those like the Katrina floods and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=6630.0,6660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Pakistan floods. I would love to see\none day where the Palestinians and the Jews work together to help the\nPalestinians. Talking about helping the Palestinians, I can remember the first\ntime I went to Israel, it was in 1975. I remember remarking to Grace and\neverybody. That these buses are 1940 vintage, the transportation ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=6660.0,6690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"system was 1940\nvintage. Everything . . . their telephone system was the worst in the world. Not\nthe worst in the world, but it was bad. As we went there a few times later, the\ntelephone cell system is one of the best. As I understand that's where the cell\nsystems were developed. Their transportation systems and their roads and their\nvarious other things are, have completely changed. From the worst, to if not the\nbest, to near the best. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=6690.0,6720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Their technology areas have grown, which it should be.\nThat's because they got out there and worked. I'd like to see Israel do\nsomething to make sure that the Palestinians get some of the benefits that that\nwould bring. I think they will.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Where do you see the Jewish people 50 years from now?\n\nA. BENATOR: I mentioned to Grace just last week, I would love to be able to see\nwhat's going on 50 years from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=6720.0,6750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"now, just to know. I would like to know what's\ngoing to be 20 years from now. I would think that God willing at least I think\nthey understand that they got to protect themselves. Because who knows what\nmight happen. I think there're many Jews that feel that we need to make sure\nthat the rest of their community progresses. Otherwise, their going to have\nconstant wars and things. I hope to one day, God willing, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=6750.0,6780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if I live long enough\nthat maybe some sort of peace is around.\n\nINTERVIEWER: What do you see ahead for the community needs in Atlanta? Let's say\n10 to 15 years from now.\n\nA. BENATOR: I see a community that's not only grows, but that develops its\nleadership. I think that it's already done that in the last 10 years or the last\n20 years. I think it's even doing it more now. We've got good tough young people\nthat are smart. They know what they are doing. Hopefully they'll continue to do\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=6780.0,6810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it. Hopefully we'll be able to attract them.\n\nINTERVIEWER: How about society at large, what are some of the issues that you\nthink about?\n\nA. BENATOR: Let me see how to phrase this. I think we're headed the right way. I\nthink maybe . . . give you an example. When I was growing up, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=6810.0,6840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the people that I\nworked with, around Butler Street and Auburn Avenue, were different than the\nnormal Black people, normal community. Because they had the ability to go to\ncollege and they had the ability to do for themselves. They had families that\ncared for them and told them what they had to do. I see that happening even more\nso in the total community. I just hope it continues to where there won't be an\nunderprivileged class here. That's probably never going to happen. I see it's\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=6840.0,6870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"better than it was and much better than it was. We don't have the numbers or the\npercentage of numbers that we had back then. In that category, where the parents\ndon't give them the direction to go in and what have you.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Have you been involved politically?\n\nA. BENATOR: Very little somewhat, very, very little, politically I do not get\ninvolved that much. I know a few people that are involved politically. No, I\nreally haven't gotten involved politically.\n\nINTERVIEWER: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=6870.0,6900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What drives you to be a community person, a community leader, how\ndo you do it?\n\nA. BENATOR: I don't know that I'm driven, but I figure that I've been very, very\nfortunate. We've been blessed; my family and I have been blessed. We have\ngotten. . . and I'm not really a wealthy person. I just believe that I'll do as\nmuch as I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=6900.0,6930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can. I don't believe I need to provide my children with enough money\nfor them to live forever. I just believe that if I can have them a little bit to\nfall back on, if they have a hard time. Because I think they are capable of\ndoing what they should do. I believe that a portion of our money should go to\nhelping whatever could be helped that we want done.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Is there any Jewish values?\n\nA. BENATOR: I hope there's a lot of Jewish values. I'm looking back at my\nparents, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=6930.0,6960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who grew up in depression. We all had families in depression, I should\nsay. Yet they never . . . they always never thought about themselves only. There\nwere always the younger kids or what needed to be done.\n\nINTERVIEWER: What's the most important thing in life?\n\nA. BENATOR: My family, my wife, my children and my grandchildren. As important\nas ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=6960.0,6990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they are the community is important.\n\nINTERVIEWER: What do you want to tell future generations?\n\nA. BENATOR: Whether you're Jewish or Christian or Catholic or Muslim, you do for\nyourself first, your family, and then you help the others that need your help.\n\nINTERVIEWER: What do you want to tell your loved ones?\n\nA. BENATOR: That I care about them, what they have to, they can not only ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=6990.0,7020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just\nlive they got to do something besides for themselves. I think God willing they do.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Is there something you [would] like to add?\n\nA. BENATOR: My wife I guess is the most important person in my life. My\nchildren, my grandchildren, relatives and friends. I've got friends that are\njust as close to me as some of my relatives, most of my relatives. I would hope\nthat there're able to enjoy life and not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=7020.0,7050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have . . . and you know what we are\nlucky in today's time. Today a person with cancer, a person with so many of the\ndiseases that there're treating today, have a lot easier life than what our\nparents and grandparents went through. I just hope they continue making it that\nway. It doesn't come because it just comes, it comes because somebody out there\nworking to make it come.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Do you think you have a mission as a Jew?\n\nA. BENATOR: I don't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=7050.0,7080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know as a Jew but as a person I do. As a Jewish person I\nthink I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=7080.0,7110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"should. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=7110.0,7140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=7140.0,7170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=7170.0,7200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n\nA. BENATOR: I would like to introduce my family; first here on my right is my\nwife, my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=7200.0,7230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"son Michael, Isaac Michael, His lovely wife Carol; my son-in-law Craig,\nwho's married to my daughter Michelle; and Sam who is the daddy to these 2\nyoungsters here, Jason and Asher.\n\nG. BENATOR: Okay, am I supposed to talk about the children? This is Jason\nBenator he's 11 and this is Asher Benator, he's named after the grandfather, and\nhe's 8 years old. Then I have other ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=7230.0,7260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grandchildren. Rayon Benator, who's Michael\nand Carol's son, he's 24 years old and he's working. Then they have a 2nd son\nnamed Keith Benator and he's in college at Georgia, he's a senior and wants to\nbe a lawyer. Michelle and Craig Rich have 2 children. Gabe Rich, he is 19 years\nold, he's at Northwestern University in Chicago or near it. Julie Rich is a\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=7260.0,7290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"freshman at Georgia, and she is 18 years old. Those are my grandchildren.\n\nMICHELLE BENATOR: I'm Michelle. I'm not the oldest; I'm 4 minutes younger than\nmy twin brother Michael. Asher and Grace are wonderful parents. There was never\na time that they weren't always . . . we always knew that family was first. Then\nafter that we know that we knew that their ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=7290.0,7320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"love for their synagogue and the\nJewish Community was outstanding. We've been just really lucky that they gave us\nanything and everything that they could.\n\nR. BENATOR: I'm reminded of a story. Not practically significant, but I think\ntelling. Not too long ago we were at a family gathering, have dinner of\nsomething. Asher and I were sitting and talking about all the children. We were\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=7320.0,7350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"talking about Sam's 2 fine boys. We were also mentioning a nephew Alan who as an\ninfant son. I was talking to Asher about how grateful I was that Michael and\nCarol had shared all of these clothes with us. Asher made a comment, and he said\nyes Sam's really lucky to have those clothes. I started to correct him, and I\nsaid, \"Wait a minute dad, don't you mean that Alan's lucky because he gets all\nthe clothes.\" Then I stopped myself because I realized that for Asher Benator,\nSam is truly the lucky one. The one that has the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=7350.0,7380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"opportunity and the ability to\ngive. I think for Asher it's not the synagogue that's lucky. Not the Boy's Club\nthat's lucky. Not the Camp Barney that's lucky. Not ORT [Association for the\nPromotion of Skilled Trades] that's lucky. I could go on, and on and on. For\nAsher Benator he feels he's the lucky one, because he has these opportunities to\ngive. I think that's what's so special about having him as a father-in-law.\n\nC. BENATOR: I'm Carol and I'm married into this family 29 ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=7380.0,7410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years ago. When I met\nMichael, I really didn't know anything about Sephardic Jews and the Sephardic\nCommunity, and I've learned a lot. My in-laws have been very involved. Mother\nand father-in-laws and great grandparents to our children. Very energetic and\nalways there for us.\n\nMICHAEL BENATOR: I'm Michael Benator, Sam and I had the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=7410.0,7440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pleasure of working at\nthe grocery store with my father. One thing about Grace and Asher is that they\nreally do care about giving to others, family first and then to the community.\nWe would have fun riding in cars that weren't the best. They smelt like collards\ngreens and different types of meat products, from where they picked up for the\ngrocery store. Sam and I learned a real strong ethic from Asher Benator, working\n6 days a week, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=7440.0,7470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"countless hours. Yet despite the amount of effort, they put into\na career, both my mother and father gave back to the community. Even until this\nday we joke about how Grace and Asher have more energy than we do, and then\ntheir grandchildren do. Because of all of the things that they do, not only for\nthe family and for Or VeShalom, but for the Jewish Community Center, for Jewish\nFederation, and the William Berman Jewish Home, Israel Bonds and on and on.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=7470.0,7500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"People joke about Asher Benator, and I think Albert Masela started this; that if\nAsher were a woman, he would be pregnant and barefoot all the time, because he\ndoes not know how to say no. So that's what I would like to say about Grace and Asher.\n\nS. BENATOR: They are just wonderful people for the community and for us. We\ncouldn't have asked for better parents.\n\nR. BENATOR: Can I tell one more? This is on behalf of my daughter Julia. We were at my son's bar mitzvah. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=7500.0,7530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"think this one is very telling. We were\nsitting in synagogue on day, and Rabbi making a sermon about Jacobs Ladder. He\nmade the point that he believed that Jacob, that the ladder not only allowed\nJacob to ascend to heaven but allowed Angles to descend down to do the work here\non earth. At that point Julie, who was about 5 years old at the time. Leaned\nover to me and said Poppa is one of those angels. I always loved sharing that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=7530.0,7560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"story.\n\nMICHAEL BENATOR: Oh, I wanted to say one other thing too. I was thinking about\nthis on the drive here. One of the amazing things about Grace and Asher is, is\nhow well they just love people and get along with everybody. They've been\nunbelievable grandparents and they love doing any and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=7560.0,7590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everything with their\ngrandchildren. We had the opportunity of going to Japan for a karate tournament.\nWe spent 9 intimate days, and my parents went too. We spent 9 imitate days with\nthis whole extended Japanese group. The first day everyone just fell in love\nwith Grace and Asher. By the end of the trip, like a lot of trips, like the trip\nto Israel. They all, grandma and papa, everyone on the bus and . . .\n\nASHER'S GRANDSON: Years later they still ask about grandma and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=7590.0,7620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"papa.\n\nR. BENATOR: Because one thing we do know from being married as long as we have,\nwithout a Grace there is no Asher.\n\nINTERVIEWER: You know, your grandfather was a boxing champion. I mean, what do\nyou think about that?\n\nASHER'S GRANDSON: Cool.\n\nMICHAEL BENATOR: He teaches you how to box, don't he?\n\nASHER'S GRANDSON: No. The boxing . . . this is at home.\n\nA. BENATOR: The boxing . . .\n\nASHER'S GRANDSON: The ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=7620.0,7650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"boxing bag . . .\n\nA. BENATOR: Yeah, the speed bag.\n\nMICHAEL BENATOR: When papa was younger, he used to ask Ryan and Keith to hit him\nin the stomach. Did he do that to you?\n\nINTERVIEWER: What do you think about your grand parents\n\nASHER'S GRANDSON: Good grandparents.\n\nA. BENATOR: We love you.\n\nINTERVIEWER: My kids would much rather be with them than with . . .\n\nA. BENATOR: I don't know about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=7650.0,7680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that.\n\nR. BENATOR: Absolutely.\n\nA. BENATOR: I'll tell you this. Julie and Gabe both have taught us to eat at Moe's.\n\nMICHELLE BENATOR: One year we went to the beach without Grace and Asher, and my\nkids said, \"This is so boring without grandma.\"\n\nA. BENATOR: I think the best picture that I've got is with me on this little\nmotor scooter on Daytona Beach and Keith and Ryan sitting there somewhere but\nsitting behind me. We're riding up and down the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=7680.0,7710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/transcript/44854/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"beach one at a time.\n\nR. BENATOR: I like your horseman picture. On your horse out at the Dude Ranch.\n\nA. BENATOR: We went to Dude Ranch with the neighbors too . . . We have been\nvery, very fortunate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=7710.0,7740.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Benator, Asher [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Isle of Rhodes is one of the Dodecanese islands of Greece.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFrance is a country located in Western Europe.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War I, also called First World War or Great War, was an international conflict that in 1914–18 embroiled most of the nations of Europe along with Russia, the United States, the Middle East, and other regions. The war pitted the Central Powers—mainly Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey—against the Allies—mainly France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, Japan, and, from 1917, the United States. It ended with the defeat of the Central Powers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTurkey is a transcontinental country located mainly in Western Asia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The time of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries it started in about 1929, when the American stock market crashed, and lasted until the late 1930s or early 1940s. It was the longest, most widespread, and deepest depression of the twentieth century. The Great Depression is often seen as the major turning point in 20th-century world history. In Europe, World War I had a long-term impact on the economy and financial stability. Postwar inflation spiraled into hyperinflation by the 1920’s and European banks struggled to stay open. Exasperating the situation were skyrocketing unemployment rates. The Great Depression had immediately visible political and social ramifications in Europe, including increased antisemitism and nationalism.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSephardic Jews are the Jews of Spain, Portugal, North Africa, and the Middle East, and their descendants. The adjective “Sephardic” and corresponding nouns Sephardi (singular) and Sephardim (plural) are derived from the Hebrew word Sepharad, which refers to Spain. Historically, the vernacular language of Sephardic Jews was Ladino, a Romance language derived from Old Spanish, incorporating elements from the old Romance languages of the Iberian Peninsula, Hebrew, Aramaic, and in the lands receiving those who were exiled, Ottoman Turkish, Arabic, Greek, Bulgarian, and Serbo-Croatian vocabulary.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eParkinson’s disease is a brain disorder that results in unintended or uncontrollable movements, in which symptoms usually worsen over time.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEmory University is a private research university located in Atlanta, Georgia, founded in 1836.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Saturday Evening Post is an American magazine. It use to be issued weekly from 1897 to 1963. It was first issued in 1821. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLiberty was an American weekly general-interest magazine published from 1924 – 1944.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Life Insurance Company was founded by Alonzo Franklin Herndon, a former slave, in 1905.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Citizens Trust Bank is an Atlanta, Georgia based bank founded in 1919 as the first bank to serve the African-American Community it Atlanta. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Daily World is a daily newspaper in Aberdeen, Washington, founded in 1889.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYMCA, sometimes regionally called the Y, is a worldwide youth organization based in Geneva, Switzerland, with more than 64 million beneficiaries in 120 countries. It was founded on 6 June 1844 by Sir George Williams in London, originally as the Young Men's Christian Association, and aims to put Christian principles into practice by developing a healthy \"body, mind, and spirit.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlso known as \"Judeo-Spanish,\" Ladino is a Romance language derived from Old Spanish originally spoken in the former territories of the Ottoman Empire (the Balkans, Turkey, the Middle East, and North Africa) as well as in France, Italy, the Netherlands, Morocco, and the United Kingdom. Today, Ladino is spoken mainly by Sephardic minorities in more than 30 countries.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew school can be either the Jewish equivalent of Sunday school (an educational regimen separate from secular education, focusing on topics of Jewish history and learning the Hebrew language), or a primary, secondary, or college level educational institution where some or all of the classes are taught in Hebrew.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Robert Ichay (1929-2012) led Or VeShalom for 33 years. Upon retirement in 2002, he was named Rabbi Emeritus. While leading Or VeShalom, Rabbi Ichay helped grow the congregation to more than 500 families, up from less than 200. He also helped lead the congregation into a new building in 1971, less than two years after he arrived in 1969. He was born in Tunisia and educated in England and Zimbabwe.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAn organization of Jewish men and women who see to it that the bodies of Jews are prepared for burial according to Jewish tradition. The task is considered a laudable one as the recipient cannot return the gift. It is referred to as a “good deed of truth.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCongregation Or VeShalom was established in Atlanta, Georgia by refugees of the Ottoman Empire, namely from Turkey and the Isle of Rhodes. The Sephardic congregation began in 1920 and was based at Central and Woodward Avenues until 1948 when it moved to a larger building on North Highland Road. Or VeShalom’s current synagogue is located on North Druid Hills Road. As of 2022, the congregation’s rabbi is Josh Hearshen.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBoys \u0026amp; Girls Clubs of America (BGCA) is a national organization of local chapters which provide voluntary after-school programs for young people. The organization, which holds a congressional charter under Title 36 of the United States Code, has its headquarters in Atlanta. The first Boys' Club was founded in 1860 in Hartford, Connecticut. In 1906, 53 independent Boys' Clubs came together in Boston to form a national organization, the Federated Boys' Clubs. In 1931, the organization renamed itself Boys' Clubs of America, and in 1990, to Boys \u0026amp; Girls Clubs of America.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Progressive Club was a Jewish social organization in Atlanta, Georgia. It was established in 1913 by Russian Jews who felt unwelcome at the Standard Club, where German Jews were predominant. At first the club was located in a rented house until a new club was built on Pryor Street including a swimming pool and a gym. In 1940 the club opened a larger facility at 1050 Techwood Drive in Midtown with three swimming pools, tennis, and softball. In 1976 the club moved north to 1160 Moore’s Mill Road near Interstate 75. The property was eventually sold to the YMCA as the club faced financial challenges. The Carl E. Sanders Family YMCA at Buckhead, which stands on the former site of the Progressive Club, opened in 1996.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Golden Gloves of America is an organization founded in 1928 that promotes annual competitions of amateur boxing in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRosh HaShanah [Hebrew: head of the year] begins the cycle of High Holy Days. It introduces the Ten Days of Penitence, when Jews examine their souls and take stock of their actions. On the tenth day is Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement. The tradition is that on Rosh HaShanah, G-d sits in judgment on humanity. Then the fate of every living creature is inscribed in the Book of Life or the Book of Death. Prayer and repentance before the sealing of the books on Yom Kippur may revoke these decisions.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePesach [Hebrew: Passover] is the celebration of Israel’s liberation from Egyptian bondage. The holiday lasts for eight days. Unleavened bread, matzo, is eaten in memory of the unleavened bread prepared by the Israelites during their hasty flight from Egypt, when they had not time to wait for the dough to rise. On the first two nights of Passover, the seder, the central event of the holiday, is celebrated.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Joseph Isaac Cohen (1896-1985) was born in Constantinople (now Istanbul), Turkey. He was trained for the rabbinate in Turkey and accepted his first pulpit in Havana, Cuba in 1920. In 1934 he moved to Atlanta, Georgia, where he was installed as the rabbi of Congregation Or VeShalom, a Sephardic synagogue. Rabbi Cohen officially retired in 1969, but remained active at both the synagogue and in the community until his death.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCuba is an island country located in the Caribbean comprising the island of Cuba, Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAtlanta Public Schools began in 1872 with three elementary schools, and Boys' High and Girls' High for white students, along with two elementary schools for Black students. A department of manual training slowly developed at Boys’ High. Some considered it a better idea to create a separate school. In 1909 the Technological High School (Tech High), opened for boys interested in applied sciences in electricity, automobiles, aviation, and manufacturing. The school closed in 1947 when it merged with Boys' High to become Henry W. Grady High School (as of 2022, Midtown High School).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCommercial High School began as a department of Girls’ High School in 1889 for girls who wanted to learn business skills. They taught bookkeeping, typing, math and history. It expanded to a four-story brick building on Pryor Street, and in 1910 became Atlanta’s first coed high school. It closed in June 1947.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHoke Smith High School was a high school in Atlanta, Georgia from 1947 to 1985. It was named for Michael Hoke Smith who was a United States Senator from Georgia, the 58th Governor of Georgia, and United States Secretary of the Interior.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorgia State University is a public research university located in Atlanta, Georgia, founded in 1913. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSears, Roebuck and Co is an American chain of department stores founded in 1892. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOglethorpe University is a private college located in Brookhaven, Georgia, chartered in 1835. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMatzo, or matzah, is an unleavened flatbread that is part of Jewish cuisine and forms an integral element of the Passover festival.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Haggadah is a Jewish text that sets forth the order of the Passover seder. Reading the Haggadah at the seder table is a fulfillment of the scriptural commandment to each Jew to “tell your son” of the Jewish liberation from slavery in Egypt as described in the Book of Exodus in the Torah.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKashrut is a set of dietary laws dealing with the foods that Jews are permitted to eat and how those foods must be prepared according to Jewish law. Food that may be consumed is deemed kosher, from the Ashkenazi pronunciation of the Hebrew term kashér, meaning \"fit\" (in this context, \"fit for consumption\"). In colloquial English, kosher often means \"legitimate,\" \"acceptable,\" \"permissible,\" \"genuine,\" or \"authentic.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAntisemitism is prejudice against, hostility to, or hatred of Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe systematic, government-sponsored attempt by the German Nazi government to annihilate the Jews of Europe between 1939 and 1945, which resulted in the deaths of 6,000,000 Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIsrael is a country located in Western Asia. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAshkenazi Jews [also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim] are Jews who originally lived in northern and eastern Europe. They once lived in the area of Rhineland and France and after the crusades they moved to Poland, Lithuania and Russia. In the 17th century, avoiding persecution, many Jews moved to and settled in Western Europe. As of 2018, Ashkenazim account for about 75% of the world's Jewish population.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFormwalt School was an elementary school located on Formwalt Street just southwest of downtown Atlanta. The school and street were named for Moses W. Formwalt (1820-1852), the first mayor of the city of Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Westminster Schools, founded in 1951, is a co-educational, Christian day school for students in kindergarten through grade 12. The school is widely regarded as one of the top private schools in the Atlanta area. Its campus is located in the Buckhead neighborhood.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Rialto Theater was built in 1916 and was the Southeast’s largest movie house with 925 seats. It was on Peachtree Street and stayed open during the Great Depression. At one point in its history it boasted the largest electric sign above a marquee south of New York City. More than one Hollywood movie was premiered at the Rialto. In 1962, the original Rialto was torn down and a larger Rialto was erected on the same site and remained open until 1989. Georgia State University renovated it into the Rialto Performing Arts Center in 1996.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eChevrolet is an American automobile division of the American manufacturer General Motors, founded on November 3, 1911.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMidtown High School, formerly Henry W. Grady High School, is a public high school located in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. It began as Boys High School and was one of the first two high schools established by Atlanta Public Schools in 1872. In 1947, the school was named after Henry W. Grady, a famous journalist and orator in the Reconstruction Era, but controversially, a white supremacist. In December 2020, the school's name was changed to Midtown High School.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) is a college-based program for training commissioned officers of the United States Armed Forces. ROTC officers serve in all branches of the United States armed forces. Army ROTC students who receive scholarships are obligated to fulfill a service commitment after graduation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. Army Ordnance Corps is a sustainment branch of the United States Army, headquartered at Fort Lee, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. Army, founded in 1775, is the land service branch of the United States Armed forces.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAhavath Achim Synagogue (often referred to as \"AA\") was founded as an Orthodox congregation in 1887 in a small room on Gilmer Street. In 1901 they moved to a permanent building at the corner of Piedmont Avenue and Gilmer Street. In 1921, the congregation constructed a synagogue at Washington Street and Woodward Avenue. It joined the Conservative movement in 1952. The final service in the Washington Street building was held in 1958 to make way for construction of the Downtown Connector (the concurrent section of Interstate 75 and Interstate 85 through Atlanta). The synagogue moved to its current location on Peachtree Battle Avenue in 1958. As of 2022, Ahavath Achim is the largest Conservative synagogue in the Atlanta area and its current Senior Rabbi is Laurence Rosenthal.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShearith Israel was established 1891 in Columbus, Georgia. The name was chartered as “Chevro Saris Israel.” In 1950 the name was officially changed to Shearith Israel Synagogue. The original building was on the corner of 7th Street and 1st Avenue in downtown Columbus. In 1951 the congregation moved to a new synagogue on Wynnton Road. In 2007 the building was sold. In 2013 the congregation moved to its current home on River Road. (2021) The rabbi of the Conservative congregation is Brian Glusman.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Temple, or “Hebrew Benevolent Congregation,” is Atlanta’s oldest Jewish congregation. The cornerstone was laid on the Temple on Garnett Street in 1875. The dedication was held in 1877 and the Temple was located there until 1902. The Temple’s next location on Pryor Street was dedicated in 1902. The Temple’s current location in Midtown on Peachtree Street was dedicated in 1931. The main sanctuary is on the National Register of Historic Places. The Reform congregation now totals approximately 1500 families. As of 2022, its Senior Rabbi is Peter S. Berg.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[1] Congregation Anshi S'fard is an Orthodox synagogue located in Atlanta. It was founded in 1911 to provide a home for Hasidic worship and fellowship for Jews from Poland, Galicia and the Ukraine who had settled in Atlanta. At first the congregation met in the Red Men’s Hall on Central Avenue, but by the end of 1913 a wooden building at the corner of Woodward Avenue and King Street was secured. A few years later the congregation moved to the corner of Woodward and Capitol Avenues. After 1945, the settlement of Jews where Anshi S’fard was located disappeared, and the congregation moved to its present location on North Highland, in the Morningside area. It is the oldest Orthodox congregation in Atlanta, and as of 2022, it is led by Rabbi Nachi Friedman.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBeth Jacob is an Orthodox synagogue on LaVista Road in Atlanta founded in 1942 by former members of Ahavath Achim who were looking for a more Orthodox congregation. Beth Jacob is now Atlanta’s largest Orthodox congregation. The congregation first met in a rented grocery store on Parkway Drive. It moved to a permanent location on Boulevard when it purchased and renovated a two-story apartment building. In 1956, it converted the Tabernacle Baptist Church on Boulevard to a synagogue. It built its current synagogue building on a five-acre lot on LaVista Road in 1961. Rabbi Joseph Safra was the congregation’s first permanent rabbi in 1951, followed by Rabbi Emanuel Feldman from 1952 to 1991. Rabbi Ilan Feldman has been the congregation’s Senior Rabbi since his father Emanuel’s retirement in 1991.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA bar mitzvah [Hebrew: son of commandments; plural: b’nai mitzvah] is a rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day. At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes. He is now duty-bound to keep the commandments, he puts on tefillin, and may be counted to the minyan quorum for public worship. He celebrates the bar mitzvah by being called up to the reading of the Torah in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Jewish Community Center was officially founded in 1910, as the Jewish Educational Alliance. In the late 1940s it evolved into the Atlanta Jewish Community Center and moved to Peachtree Street. It stayed there until 1998, when the building was sold and the center moved to the suburb of Dunwoody. In 2000, it was renamed the “Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Georgia is a public land-grant research university located in Athens, Georgia, founded in 1785.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNorthwestern University is a private research university located in Evanston, Illinois, established in 1851.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is an African-American civil rights organization in the United States. It was formed in 1909 and its mission is “to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate racial hatred and racial discrimination.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMartin Luther King, Jr. (1929-1968) is best known for his role as a leader in the Civil Rights Movement and the advancement of civil rights using nonviolent civil disobedience based on his Christian beliefs. A Baptist minister, King became a civil rights activist early in his career. He led the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott and helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) in 1957, serving as its first president. With the SCLC, King led an unsuccessful struggle against segregation in Albany, Georgia, in 1962, and organized nonviolent protests in Birmingham, Alabama, that attracted national attention following television news coverage of the brutal police response. King also helped to organize the 1963 March on Washington, where he delivered his famous \"I Have a Dream\" speech. On October 14, 1964, King received the Nobel Peace Prize for combating racial inequality through nonviolence. In 1965, he and the SCLC helped to organize the Selma to Montgomery marches and the following year, he took the movement north to Chicago to work on segregated housing. King was assassinated on April 4, 1968 in Memphis, Tennessee. His death was followed by riots in many United States’ cities. King was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal. Martin Luther King, Jr. Day was established as a holiday in numerous cities and states beginning in 1971, and as a United States federal holiday in 1986.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKittredge Magnet School for High Achievers is an elementary school within the Dekalb County School District\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=4830.0,4860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGreece is a country consisting of islands in the Balkans, located in southeastern Europe.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAuschwitz-Birkenau was a network of camps built and operated by Germany just outside the Polish town of Oswiecem (renamed “Auschwitz” by the Germans) in Polish areas annexed by Germany during World War II. It is estimated that the SS and police deported at a minimum 1.3 million people (approximately 1.1 million of which were Jews) to the Auschwitz-Birkenau complex between 1940 and 1945. Camp authorities murdered 1.1 million of these prisoners.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAdolf Hitler (1889-1945) was a German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and Führer (“leader”) of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator of Nazi Germany, he initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939 and was a central figure of the Holocaust. Adolf Hitler applied for entrance into the Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna, Austria twice and was twice rejected, once in 1907 and again in 1908. For the next five years, Hitler struggled to earn money by selling small paintings, mostly images of buildings and other landmarks in Vienna that he copied from postcards. By 1914, Hitler was serving in World War I and would later enter politics. In his autobiographical manifesto, Mein Kampf, Hitler claimed that his antisemitic views formed during his time as a struggling artist in Vienna. His frustrated art career became part of the myth making—by Hitler himself and by his followers—that helped drive his fateful rise to power in Germany. Hitler was drafted for Austrian military service at the beginning of World War I but turned down due to lack of fitness. After moving to Germany, he enlisted as a German soldier in the summer of 1914 and was deployed to Belgium in October. Over the next two years, Hitler served first as an infantryman and then as a private. He won two decorations for bravery, including the Iron Cross First Class and was wounded twice. He was recovering from his second injury when the war ended. Hitler loved animals in general, but his favorite were dogs and especially German Shepherds. He was known to have had several dogs during his lifetime.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBenito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (1883-1945) was an Italian politician, journalist, and leader of the National Fascist Party. He ruled Italy as Prime Minister from 1922 until he was ousted in 1943. He ruled constitutionally until 1925, when he dropped all pretense of democracy and set up a legal dictatorship. He was known as “Il Duce” (“The Leader”). Mussolini was captured and executed near Lake Como by Italian partisans on April 27, 1945.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97215/file/194346/annotation_set/1068/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ehe American Civil Rights Movement encompasses social movements in the United States whose goal was to end racial segregation and discrimination against Black Americans and enforce constitutional voting rights to them. The movement was characterized by major campaigns of civil resistance. Between 1955 and 1968, acts of nonviolent protest and civil disobedience produced crisis situations between activists and government authorities. 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