{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/zc7rn3106g/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Alexander, Cecil (1979)"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1979-04-01 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eGroup interview with Cecil Alexander in April, 1979, followed by a one-on-one interview with Leonard W. Leeds on November 10, 1980. \u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eCecil Abraham Alexander, Jr. (1918-2013) was born in Atlanta, Georgia, to Julia A. Moses and Cecil A. Alexander. The Alexander family Atlanta roots go back to 1848 when Cecil’s grandfather, Aaron Alexander, came to Atlanta from Charleston, South Carolina, one of the first Jewish families to arrive in Atlanta. His grandfather bought a lot for their family home on Peachtree Street, now Phipps Plaza in Buckhead. Cecil’s family belonged to the Temple, a Reform congregation.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCecil attended Highland School, Bass High School, and Marist School. He earned a bachelor’s degree in architecture from Yale University and earned a master’s degree in architecture at Harvard University. In World War II, he served in the Pacific Theater with Marine Corps as a dive bomber. After the war, he returned to Atlanta and started the architectural firm Finch, Alexander, Barnes, Rothschild and Paschal (FABRAP). Under his leadership, the firm designed Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium, Coca-Cola headquarters, AT\u0026amp;T Midtown Center, and Georgia Power Company Corporate Headquarters.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCecil was an active participant in the political and social fabric of Atlanta. Throughout his civil engagement he served as chair of the Citizen’s Advisory Committee for Urban Renewal, the Black-Jewish Coalition, and the Community Council of the City of Atlanta. He was also a King Center board member.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHe was married to Hermoine Weil Alexander (1922-1983) until 1983 when she was killed in a car accident. After her death, he remarried Helen Eisemann (1922-2014). He and Hermoine had four children: Judith Alexander Augustine, Douglas Alexander, and Therese Alexander Milkey. Cecil Alexander died in 2013 at age 95.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eIn an informal talk with the Second Sunday Night Group, Cecil Alexander talks about his family’s roots in Atlanta. He goes back further into history and discusses his family history in Charleston, South Carolina. Cecil reflects on the City of Atlanta and discusses its past, its immediate past, and its present. He relates how he envisions the future of Atlanta. Cecil is well poised to discuss the history of city, as he has been involved in Atlanta’s political and social life since childhood.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHe reflects on the Atkins Park neighborhood where he grew up and describes the Atlanta he knew as a small Southern town. He describes what it was like to grow up Jewish in the South. He recalls the Temple bombing and speaks fondly of Rabbis David Marx and Jacob Rothschild. He reflects on the Leo Frank case and how it was discussed within his family. He reflects on race relations and his relationship with his black nurse and remembers other important people from his childhood. He talks about his college years at Yale University and reflects that it was the beginnings of a consciousness of Atlanta in what he describes as two peoples in the city of Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHe reflects on what it was like to return to Atlanta after attending college in Northern universities and serving in the Marine Corps. He talks about his experiences as chairman of the Citizens Advisory Committee for Urban Renewal, a first biracial committee in the city, and relates that it was a turning point in his life that led to active participation in the Civil Rights Movement.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHe remembers notable leaders and businessmen, shopping malls, theaters, neighborhoods, and street cars that defined early Atlanta and formed wonderful memories. Cecil speaks of the future of Atlanta – city planning and business opportunities that has propelled the city onto the international stage and his hope for Atlanta’s future.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28392"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eGroup interview with Cecil Alexander in April, 1979, followed by a one-on-one interview with Leonard W. Leeds on November 10, 1980. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCecil Abraham Alexander, Jr. (1918-2013) was born in Atlanta, Georgia, to Julia A. Moses and Cecil A. Alexander. The Alexander family Atlanta roots go back to 1848 when Cecil’s grandfather, Aaron Alexander, came to Atlanta from Charleston, South Carolina, one of the first Jewish families to arrive in Atlanta. His grandfather bought a lot for their family home on Peachtree Street, now Phipps Plaza in Buckhead. Cecil’s family belonged to the Temple, a Reform congregation.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCecil attended Highland School, Bass High School, and Marist School. He earned a bachelor’s degree in architecture from Yale University and earned a master’s degree in architecture at Harvard University. In World War II, he served in the Pacific Theater with Marine Corps as a dive bomber. After the war, he returned to Atlanta and started the architectural firm Finch, Alexander, Barnes, Rothschild and Paschal (FABRAP). Under his leadership, the firm designed Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium, Coca-Cola headquarters, AT\u0026amp;T Midtown Center, and Georgia Power Company Corporate Headquarters.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCecil was an active participant in the political and social fabric of Atlanta. Throughout his civil engagement he served as chair of the Citizen’s Advisory Committee for Urban Renewal, the Black-Jewish Coalition, and the Community Council of the City of Atlanta. He was also a King Center board member.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHe was married to Hermoine Weil Alexander (1922-1983) until 1983 when she was killed in a car accident. After her death, he remarried Helen Eisemann (1922-2014). He and Hermoine had four children: Judith Alexander Augustine, Douglas Alexander, and Therese Alexander Milkey. Cecil Alexander died in 2013 at age 95.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn an informal talk with the Second Sunday Night Group, Cecil Alexander talks about his family’s roots in Atlanta. He goes back further into history and discusses his family history in Charleston, South Carolina. Cecil reflects on the City of Atlanta and discusses its past, its immediate past, and its present. He relates how he envisions the future of Atlanta. Cecil is well poised to discuss the history of city, as he has been involved in Atlanta’s political and social life since childhood.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHe reflects on the Atkins Park neighborhood where he grew up and describes the Atlanta he knew as a small Southern town. He describes what it was like to grow up Jewish in the South. He recalls the Temple bombing and speaks fondly of Rabbis David Marx and Jacob Rothschild. He reflects on the Leo Frank case and how it was discussed within his family. He reflects on race relations and his relationship with his black nurse and remembers other important people from his childhood. He talks about his college years at Yale University and reflects that it was the beginnings of a consciousness of Atlanta in what he describes as two peoples in the city of Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHe reflects on what it was like to return to Atlanta after attending college in Northern universities and serving in the Marine Corps. He talks about his experiences as chairman of the Citizens Advisory Committee for Urban Renewal, a first biracial committee in the city, and relates that it was a turning point in his life that led to active participation in the Civil Rights Movement.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHe remembers notable leaders and businessmen, shopping malls, theaters, neighborhoods, and street cars that defined early Atlanta and formed wonderful memories. Cecil speaks of the future of Atlanta – city planning and business opportunities that has propelled the city onto the international stage and his hope for Atlanta’s future.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/104/058/small/HAA_27_007.jpeg?1619270065","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Alexander_Cecil.mp3"]},"duration":5458.3902,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/104/058/small/HAA_27_007.jpeg?1619270065","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/104/058/original/Alexander_Cecil.mp3?1610564082","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mp3","duration":5458.3902,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Alexander_Cecil [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ALEXANDER: I don't see why we have to have people in from outside to talk. We\ngot enough brains in the club. I feel like [unintelligible] is urging me on\nhere. At least I'll outdo Harold, which won't be easy. What I've tried to do\nhere in a pretty informal way is talk about the city, going back into its past,\nits immediate past, its present, and perhaps what the future ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"might be. I've been\nfortunate enough to have been a part of it in a peripheral way, its political\nlife, its social life, and its physical life. If you can all stay awake while I\ntalk about all three of those, you didn't eat as much as I did. I feel I was\nborn in a small southern town. I live now in a city that is stretching itself\ntowards international stature. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's been an experience. This talk will be over\nthe changes I've experienced and I guess about the future. My Atlanta roots go\nback to 1848. That's a good way to roots. I think I'll write a book about it.\nWhen a man named Aaron Alexander came to Atlanta from Charleston [South\nCarolina]. I'm sure one of the first groups that he met were the Haases, who\nwere already here, I believe. The city, at that point, was about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1,200 people.\nHe started out living on Marietta [Street] and bought a lot. The lot was up\nwhere the south tower of Peachtree Center is now. I've seen the deed. It was 100\nfeet on Peachtree and went back 400 feet. HHe paid $150 for it, which was\nprobably a pretty good price. The story in the family was that his wife [Sarah\nMoses Alexander] started with her two sons [Julius and Joseph Alexander] walking\nout to see the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"place where they were going to build and got about where the\nCandler Building is now and said, \"I'm not going to live this far out,\" and\nturned around and went back. I doubt if that was a [unintelligible]. It probably\nhappened. He built. His sons, one of them, served in the Confederacy, came back\nto Atlanta after the [American Civil] War, and they started a hardware business.\nI might say that this first man, Aaron Alexander, went north ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after he had done\nvery well here as a druggist. He went north and he got in debt. He ended up in a\ndebtor's prison in Philadelphia [Pennsylvania]. His family moved in with him and\nthey all came back.\n\nAUDIENCE MEMBER: Moved into prison?\n\nALEXANDER: Yes. [unintelligible] in prison. He came back here and he started a\nrolling mill with one of the grants. Did very well and overcame all of his\nindebtedness and all of that. No Alexander has ever dared to venture north of\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Marietta since. My grandfather and his brother started this hardware business.\nWhenever I saw Gone with the Wind, the many times I saw it, and Scarlett and her\nfirst husband were opening that store, I thought that must have been very much\nthe atmosphere and the kind of store that they opened. It was on the site of\nMuse's, where Muse's downtown is now. It lasted until ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1946 when my father [Cecil\nA. Alexander] lost his lease. When I was a kid, it was on Pryor Street. It's\nwhere Underground Atlanta is now. All through this, I hope to point out the kind\nof changes I've seen. Here he was in this store. He was run out by the viaduct\ncoming in. A few years ago, Hermi [Hermione Weil Alexander] and I were down\nthere at Scarlett O'Hara's, one of the wildest, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"integrated, jumping, jiving,\ncarrying on you ever saw. It was right where my father's office used to be. In\nhis wildest dreams, he could never have imagined that. I was a war baby. To\nstraighten anybody out, that was World War I. I was born on Forrest Avenue.\nAgain, to show the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"temper of the times, my grandfather had a dog. The dog would\ngo down to the store with him in the morning on the street car. After a while,\nthe dog decided he didn't want to get up that early, so he left later, stand\nout, and go down. He would come home early, too.\n\nAUDIENCE MEMBER: Who paid his nickel?\n\nALEXANDER: He got so well known on the street car line that the transit company\ngave him a lifetime pass. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I suggested that my dog [unintelligible] should have\nthe same treatment on rapid transit, but I don't think it will happen. In 1921,\nmy father moved to the suburbs, the suburbs then being Saint Charles Place. That\nwas chosen by my father because it was where the Highland Avenue and the Ponce\nde Leon ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"car lines intersected, and he would have his choice of either one of\nthem. He didn't get an automobile until 1928. One interesting thing that\nhappened to those street cars, when they were taken off service, they were sold\nto Korea. They are running around Seoul. They may still be there. My partner,\nBill Finch, was always bemused by seeing the street cars when he was there\nduring the war with Emory University, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ponce de Leon Ballpark, or what have you\nrunning around in Seoul. They had the Korean destination on a painted sign\nbelow, but the old roller was still up there. This is sort of the kaleidoscope\nof some of the things that I felt as I grew up in the city, some of the places\nand events that I felt impacted me. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd have to start with [Leo] Frank case,\nwhich I'm sure is familiar to all of you. I think it probably impacted us more\nbecause the family is Jewish and my uncle was one of Frank's attorneys. I was\nbrought up on the fact that the family almost moved out to Oregon during this\ntime. I remember Highland School and Miss Carrigan [sp]. I can hardly believe\nthat one of my 6th grade ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"teachers, Miss Sieve [sp], is still around. I thought\nshe was at least 80 when I was there. Then there was Bass High School and Marist\n[School], where I went for two years, where Professor McKuhn [sp], who at that\npoint was the only lay teacher. He told my father, \"If I can't teach him, I'll\nlearn him.\" I'm now on the board of Marist. The number of Marist fathers who are\nout there has just dwindled to almost nothing. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Another change. I had a paper\nroute. I had a curbside soft drink stand on Saint Charles Place, where I gave\none of Coca-Cola's officials his beginnings. I took him into business with me\nbecause the apartment at Ponce de Leon and Highland was going up, and I wasn't\nallowed to cross Highland Avenue. [H.] Burke Nicholson was, or at least his\nfolks didn't know it, he became my route man. He went on from there ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to head up\nthe whole Coca-Coca operation in Europe. Yes, good background. I remember the\nAtlanta Crackers. That was back when Atlanta had a winning ball team. They used\nto win the pennant. The old open street cars that used to go out to the\nballpark. The Republican bleachers were way out in left field. This ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was the area\nthat was set aside for the black fans. Obviously, there were no black\nballplayers. I remember the Yellow Jacket shirt tail parades, which after they\nhad won a ball game, particularly from Auburn [University] or [University of]\nGeorgia, they would come downtown with their shirttails out, snake through the\ncity, and go into the theaters. The movies would be stopped. They would get up\non the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stage and sing Ramblin' Wreck. It was great, I guess. I enjoyed it. The\nmeans of distribution of groceries. The farmers coming down to the end of the\nstreet, literally, with a mule-drawn wagon. Then the families dispersing and\ngoing down the sidewalks yelling \"strawberries\" and whatever else they had,\nusually selling out before they got halfway down. There wasn't any middleman.\nThere weren't any additives. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The pattern of living in that particular area, and\nI think more widespread but certainly where I was, it was called Atkins Park.\nThere were these houses, and in back of them were the so-called servants'\nhouses. Blacks lived in these servants' houses, but never the people who worked\nfor the house in front because that would have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"been \"getting involved.\" So, that\ndidn't happen. On the other hand, I had a warm friendship with a man who lived\nin ours who was a delivery man for the drugstore. He had a magnificent\nmotorcycle he used to take me for rides on. I'm saying some of the beginnings\nhere of a consciousness that there were two peoples in this city. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We had\nservants. I had a nurse. I had two nurses that I felt were surrogate mothers and\nwas very close to. We had a chauffeur. We had a cook. We were all poor in the\n[Great] Depression. That's a story you may or may not heard. In the south,\neverybody was poor. The upstairs maid was poor. The downstairs maid was poor.\nThe cook was poor. The ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"chauffeur was poor. Well, it was so. At $8 a week, you\nwere poor, even in those days before inflation. But there was no other place to\ngo. There was a loyalty in both directions, I believe. I remember being taken\ninto Buttermilk Bottoms, where this fine old woman who had been with my\ngrandmother for years was retired and living, and being rather ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stunned by the\nconditions she was living in, having never seen her in any place but my\ngrandmother's home. But again, accepting it. At that time, the Candler Building\nwas prominent, and the Hurt Building, and the buildings around Five Points. The\nFox [Theatre] was built about 1929 and offered to the city for $250,000 in the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"depths of the Depression. The city didn't have the money. The Paramount, the\nGrand, and even the burlesque house over across the street from the Hurt\nBuilding. The Tenth Street Shopping area was a good place to go shopping. Now\nit's burned out. I remember the kind of neighborhood I grew up in. I suppose\nthey still exist in Atlanta. I haven't had any contacts with them. The families\nwere all young. We all gathered together at night, particularly in the summer,\nand ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sat out on the wall at the head of Saint Charles Place and solved\neverything. I remember going out around Emory University with my father's stolen\nrevolver and shooting at cans floating in the creek. I think that was just about\nwhere Wesley Homes is now and catching hell when my father found out that I had\nit. Then growing up later and being given six machine guns and two thousand\npounds of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bombs and told, \"Go get them.\" It doesn't seem to matter very much\nwhat you do when you're a kid, in that respect. I remember the first\nair-conditioned theater. Those of you that remember that, going into a theater\non a hot July day and being frozen like you were sitting in a refrigerator and\nthen walking out into the blinding heat. I remember literally getting sick once.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Growing up Jewish had a special side to it, not all good. There is one theory\nthat a Reform Jew in the south is really a Christian with a rather backward view\nof the role of Jesus Christ. Well, that may be. My father was one of the\nfounders of the Atlanta Athletic Club, and we belonged. I went out there. I\nlearned to swim out there. I played golf. I almost hit Bobby Jones ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with a golf\nball one day. That was the height of my golfing career. When I was 17, he\nresigned in anger because it became clear that they were excluding Jews from\nmembership. He wanted no part of it, and he got out of it. I ran into the same\nthing with high school fraternities. I don't say this to tell you it blighted my\nlife. It didn't, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it was there. I think it began, again, the beginnings of a\nrealization that while all people are created equal, some are more equal. I\nremember the Silver Shirts here, the Atlanta's version of the Nazis, the [Ku\nKlux] Klan, the lynchings, white supremacy, the white primaries, and the Hearst\nnewspaper, The Georgian, which was always full of rape, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"executions, and\nlynchings. Physically, it was a city held together by street cars, telephones,\nand a few automobiles. It functioned because it was close in and people did get\naround. The pace of the city was such that it didn't require that you be at six\nplaces at once. When Hermi and I first came back to Atlanta, it seems to me that\nif we had one ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thing out a week in the evening, that was unusual. Whereas now, if\nyou've got only one thing a night, it's unusual. It was a city where the racial\nstatus quo was so accepted that I, for one, never questioned it. I don't think\nmany people did. I remember being called down later by a black minister here\nwhen I said, \"Look, an awful lot of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"your problems is because you never let the\nwhite man know where you were and why you objected.\" He didn't answer my\nquestion. He just told me of an experience as a little boy of seeing his uncle\nlynched. He made his point. It was a city with minimal culture. It was confined\nto visiting stars at the auditorium. I can remember [Ignacy Jan] Paderewski\ncoming and just being overwhelmed with the reception he ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"got. After he had\nencored and encored, the people all surged up around him on the stage and\nwouldn't let him go. He stayed there for another half hour. I was reminded of\nthat when I heard [Vladimir] Horowitz the other afternoon. This was the first\ntime I'd seen that sort of enthusiasm for a concert star since those days. I\nremember Yehudi Menuhin coming here as a small boy ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in short pants and hating him\nbecause I was taking the violin. You know, \"Look at him. What's the matter with\nyou?\" I've since, through Hermi, gotten to know him and was with him here on his\nlast trip. He's a great fellow and I forgive him for being such a great\nviolinist. There were the plays at the women's club. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One week the Met\n[Metropolitan Opera] would come here. There was the High Museum [of Art] where I\ntook art from Mr. Chute [sp], who is still around, and Mr. Rogers, who isn't. It\nwas a city of neighborhoods and neighborhood schools. Even the junior high\nschools, you could walk to. The central high schools, though, were, I think, one\nof the reasons that Atlanta did as well as it did. Of course, they were\nsegregated, but ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people from all over the city came together. Except for\nCommercial High, they were also not co-ed. We had Boy's High, Tech High, and\nGirls High, Commercial High, and Carver [High School]. There was never anybody\nthat thought about any need for integration of the schools. Nobody would have\neven thought about it, at least in the circles I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in. I suspect that if it\ncrossed the minds of the blacks, it was so far distant in their thinking that\nthey really didn't get with it. What they wanted at that point was a decent\neducation and equal treatment, which they certainly were not getting. There was\nTech [Georgia Institute of Technology], which was known for its football game,\nand that one time of great glory when they won the Rose Bowl and Stumpy Thomason\ncame back here and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"paraded down Peachtree [Street] with his bear sitting in the\nback, drinking Coca-Cola. There was Emory [University], which my first memories\nof were going out and having my tonsils taken out, on an old dirt road. I've had\na hard time ever since then thinking good thoughts about Emory. I remember the\nanesthesia and waking up from it. Agnes Scott [College] and Oglethorpe\n[University], which was famous in those days ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as the place that Luke Appling, who\nwas the great baseball star, had graduated. Not very much else, except that they\ndid have a time capsule that was buried out there. I presume it's still out\nthere. It was a city deeply involved with religion, southern politics, and\ncasual but strong and deep prejudice. If you didn't know any ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"better and you were\nwhite it was a good place to grow up in. As I said, I did have some concerns\nabout being excluded because I was Jewish. In 1936, I went off to Yale\n[University]. Man, was that a warped institution. It was white Anglo-Saxon\nProtestant and it was dominated by the Eastern prep schools. Yet, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I did not feel\nexcluded. I had a good experience there. I found all my beliefs being\nchallenged. I found that very difficult to handle. I really never got it all\nback into place again until I went into the [United States] Marine Corps and\neverybody told me what I had to think. I do remember one instance. Again, you\ngot to see, the school then when somebody ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who studied was considered strange. We\nhad one pacifist in the whole school, who later became a missionary in India.\nThere was one black, as I recall, one black on the campus. He was in the art\nschool. I remember him. He was a big, muscular guy. I was out on the old campus\none day and was playing catch with him with a football. I wrote ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this back to my\nfather that I had done this and that he certainly seemed to be a nice guy and so\non. He said, \"That may be, but just remember, that doesn't go down here.\" He\nmade it perfectly clear that while he had warned me about drinking and gambling,\nhe felt it hadn't been necessary to warn me about that. I might also add, he\ndidn't even warn me about women. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that was probably innate shyness on his part.\n\nAUDIENCE MEMBER: How many women were there?\n\nALEXANDER: There weren't any at Yale. Those were the good days. There were no\nwomen. After a while, I ended up in the Marine Corps, which was another white\nAnglo-Saxon Protestant institution. What few blacks there were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in there were not\nin positions of responsibility or even expected to get into particularly\ndangerous situations. After all, it came from the Navy. The DMI was a strong\nsource of officers for the Marine Corps. I remember one encounter, a racial\nencounter that, again, illuminated something for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me. It was out in Hawaii in the\nearly days of the war. I was in Honolulu and going on a bus out to Ewa where the\nMarine air station was. At the gate to Ewa was this detachment of black\nsoldiers, segregated. The two groups were getting on this bus together. A black\nand a white, both having had too much to drink, were calling ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"each other names.\nTheir friends were holding them back. We got on the bus. I looked around to see\nwho the senior officer on board was, and it was me. I was a pretty brand-new\nsecond lieutenant. I probably ordered the blacks to the back of the bus. I don't\nknow. Anyway, I ordered somebody to the back of the bus and somebody to the\nfront and told them to stay apart ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or I'd have them all locked up. I told the\ndriver, \"Let's go. If trouble starts, stop the bus.\" I don't know what I thought\nwould happen if he stopped the bus, but that was my dire threat that the bus\nwould be stopped. They were a couple of 4-As but stayed apart. When we got to\nthe gate, I had the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ringleaders taken over by the MPs [military police] and that\ncalmed down. It was a tense time and a rough time, and in some ways more\nthreatening than when I was being shot at later. When I got back, I went up to\nHarvard [University]. I would say that there was one man up there that was more\na turning point in my approach ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to seeing people as people than anybody else. His\nname is Conrad Johnson. Conrad is distant, related, or a friend of Bob Thompson.\nConrad and I had a mutual interest in that he had been a pilot in the Air Force\nin the Tuskegee [University] detachment. We had a joint venture. Even in those\ndays, joint venture. We designed an airport ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"together as a project. I got to know\nhim, and he is still a friend. I tried to get him involved in a job here in\nAtlanta recently, but he wasn't local, so he didn't qualify. I came back to\nAtlanta. The Atlanta I came back to, I suspect that if somebody had stood at\nFive Points and read the Emancipation Proclamation, they would have thought he\nwas a commie. It was a locked-up society, as I saw it, when I got back. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I had a\nlot of prodding and a lot of it from Hermi. I began to meet people. I met Bob\nThompson [sp]. I met Grace Hamilton [sp]. I met Dr. Maise [sp], Warren Cochran\n[sp], and the Hammers [sp]. A lot of you here in the room. The Douglases [sp].\n[Rabbi Jacob] Jack [Rothschild] and Janice Rothschild were moving up. Ralph\nMcGill. I began to see that at least there was something ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stirring around here. A\nbig turning point for me came when [Mayor William] Hartsfield appointed me as\nchairman of Citizens Advisory Committee for Urban Renewal. The reason that was a\nbig turning point was that this was the first ongoing biracial committee in the\ncity. The others Hartsfield had called together on an ad hoc basis and then had\ndisbanded them. But this thing started out with seven people. Then we enlarged\nit to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"90. One of the members of the first group was Ivan Allen. Q.V. Williamson\nwas a member. When it expanded, I got my inspiration from what they were doing\nin Pittsburgh [Pennsylvania]. We went after the top leadership, and we got it in\nspite of Hartsfield saying, \"You'll never get them.\" It was interesting to watch\nthe change as the blacks and the whites worked together, not only on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"urban\nrenewal but because we were there other things were brought before us. I\nremember one encounter. I'm not sure I did the right thing, but Dick Rich says,\n\"Look, we're meeting at four o'clock in the afternoon. This isn't very\nconvenient. Why don't we meet for lunch?\" I said, \"That sounds interesting.\nLet's take it under consideration.\" Dick had gotten to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"point when this was\ngoing on that he had forgotten any race situation. But given Atlanta at that\ntime, the people that were on that committee, and the leadership involved, it\nwouldn't have worked. The whites would have stayed away. It would have blown the\ncommittee out when the blacks came and the whites had snubbed it. I said to Dick\nafterwards, \"Did you really mean what you said because I'm sitting here ready to\nback it up.\" He said, \"No, it slipped out.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Q.V. Williamson called me up and\ngave me hell about it. I told him what I just said that I felt it would destroy\nthe committee and I hoped he would continue to have faith in me. I hope he did.\nAnother big fight that went on here was on the Egleston site for public housing.\nIn that, Ham Douglas [sp] and I were close allies. He was then head of the Urban\nRenewal Committee of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Adler Manning Board [sp]. I was still chairman. It was\na bloody battle. The same Dick Rich, incidentally, came down and testified in\nfavor of the rezoning of the site for housing. He was threatened by bodily harm\nand people cancelling their accounts at Rich's [department store] and so forth.\nThat came out in a defeat. I think it was a turning point in which the younger\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"blacks said, \"Look, get out of the way,\" to the older ones, to the Miltons [sp]\nand the Waldons [sp] and so on, and said, \"If you can't even deliver black\nhousing in a black neighborhood, you better move on.\" They did to some extent.\nThe student movement then began to move, which led into the sit-in. I think one\nof the most exciting experiences I had during that time, later really, was with\nIvan Allen ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at Dixie Hills. This was the black housing development where a young\nboy had been shot by a policeman and a mob was out there. He sent me and the\nHelen boys and a couple of others out to look the place over. We came back and\ntold him not to go out. He paid no attention. He went. I went with him. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We got\nthere in this plaza in front of the shopping center. It was just crowded with\npeople, and they were angry. Ivan got out of the car. He went through the crowd\nshaking hands with each person and saying something to them and turned what had\nbeen a mob into a group of individuals. It was a great display, I thought, of\nhow to handle . . . maybe from within or from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"without. He moved away from this\ncoalition. I think it was just in the order of things. I think I was just naive\nnot to perceive that this was the way things would develop. Certainly, as time\nwent on, it changed. You now have a coalition of sorts. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But one thing that\nhappened that I really regret and that is this new trend that our society is no\nlonger holding up an integrated society as its goal nearly as much as black\nenterprises in affiliation with whites. I run into this in my architectural\npractice. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Instead of what I urge my son-in-law to do, and he did do, which was\nto get a black partner and the two of them are architects together on an equal\nbasis. It means that the whites get whiter, the blacks get blacker, and they\ncome together on the fourth draft to do work here in the city. I think it might\nhave been slower and I certainly understand it, but in the best of all possible\nworlds, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think what Herb Millkey and Charlie Brown has done is a much healthier\narrangement, the black and the white on an equal footing within the same firm. I\ndo think that City Hall and the business community realize that they still need\neach other. Slowly, and somewhat grudgingly, a coalition has surfaced, and it's\nstill intact. While all this has been going ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on, the whites fled the city, and\nefforts to integrate the neighborhoods, which was so nobly begun on the\nsouthwest, didn't long endure. You never hear anything about blockbusting\nanymore because nobody really resists. They just move. At least I don't hear\nanything about blockbusting. In a way, Atlanta became a mecca. The integration\nof the schools became almost ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"meaningless as the black population ratio mounted\nto 80 percent or more. Then you had the black professionals beginning to hang\nout their own shingles. I think that's great. Here and there [unintelligible] of\nwhite-owned firms. I think that's fine too. The city's physical structure grew.\nIt's ups and downs are all well known to you, but let me list a few. The Atlanta\nstadium, the arena, the Civic Center, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Peachtree Center, the Omni International,\nWorld Congress Center, Coca-Cola complex, First National Bank, 101 Marietta, and\nvastly expanded highway systems, the perimeter road. Remember this is just at\nthe time that [Mayor] Maynard [Jackson] came into office that I'm painting a\npicture of the city. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A few years, our banks had their problems when the slump\ncame but, apparently, they have all survived. In some ways, socially, we had\ngone from white separatism through a brief dream of integration to black\nseparatism. As Atlanta stands today, it's not quite the civilization I had\nvisualized. It's still a group of almost, you might call it, tribes loosely held\ntogether by economics, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tradition, and convenience. Here I go into an area that I\nwon't be around to have anybody tell me if some of these things ever happen, so\nI'm safe. If I was younger, I'd be more cautious. That is, what of the future?\nLet's talk about physical for a minute, and talk about MARTA. That system is\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"going to have a tremendous impact on this city. It's going to have the same kind\nof impact that the highway systems had and I hope better. Around every one of\nthese stations, is going to be a change. The more the stations which are\nstrategic, there's going to be tremendous growth. I don't think you will know\nDecatur in 10 or 15 years. When you can get from Decatur into Atlanta in seven\nminutes, why not? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a heck of a nice community. It's not blighted. It's\nsurrounded by nice homes and Agnes Scott and Emory. Not quite surrounded by\nEmory. One of the most revealing things I ever got involved in, a bunch of us\nwent up to look at Toronto, where this has happened. Brince Manning was with the\ngroup. Manning, at that point, was all opposed to MARTA. He wanted no part of\nit. He got up ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there and he saw out in the boondocks these great growths of\nhigh-rise buildings. I think for the first time it dawned on him that these\ntrains would run in both directions. While it might be good for Atlanta, it was\nsure in devil was going to be good for Decatur as well. And DeKalb [County].\nTalk about the airport. It's going to have an impact. I'm afraid it's already\ntoo small. It was designed without ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"deregulation in mind, and it may be swamped.\nThey can still add some to it. I think the idea of a second airport is off in\nthe future, so far that by the time they get around to it, we're going to have\nvertical take-offs and landings that's going to change the whole way of looking\nat the needs for these tremendous runways. You've got a new stake in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"city\nwith the Southern Bell [Telephone] new building and Coke, and even more\nimportantly, because it came in from the outside. Georgia Pacific. Bedford\nPines, a development to the east of the city down in the valley where Georgia\nPower is building, is going to be a reality. It's going to take an area that's\nbeen lying fallow for years. I believe it's going to become a new bedroom area\nof the city of Atlanta. You've got ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Fairlie-Poplar Street area, which is to the\nwest of Forsyth Street, down in the area where the old post office is. It's a\nsmall block that is level. There is decay. The idea is to bring that back as an\nentertainment and restaurant center for Atlanta. The city has already put up\n$3.5 million. I think it's going to go. The area I'm particularly interested in,\nI call the Atlanta triangle. It's the area ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from Marietta Street on out to the\nexpressways, includes the government complexes and four MARTA stations. I had\nthe Rouse Company . . . they even signed an agreement with the city to make a\nstudy. Rouse is the man who developed Columbia [Maryland] as a new town. More\nrecently, has gotten a lot of space over what a tremendous job he did in Boston\n[Massachusetts] with the redevelopment of the waterfront there around ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Faneuil\nHall. He signed an agreement with the city, with T.M. Alexander, Jr. Later it\nwas discovered that T.M. didn't have the authority to sign the agreement. The\ncity didn't back it up. It's a very unhappy thing, as far as I'm concerned. But\nthat area is bound . . . something is bound to happen fast in that area. I think\nif we look into the future for the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"politics, I think that the move toward\nminority control will go further and accelerate. My only feeling and hope is\nthat whoever is in city hall will be beholden to both, or, let's say all areas\nof the community, and won't be there either because the whites put him in or the\nblacks put him in, or the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Koreans, of which there are 3,000 here in Atlanta now,\nput him in. I see signs in some of the people that are coming forward now that\nthey just might get there without that sort of coalition support. I think its\nbad news if it happens. The state's role is still unknown. We all thought it was\nthe great curtain was going up when we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"got reapportionment. What's happened with\nthat. Back in the old days when a legislator from Atlanta had something he\nwanted to get through for the city of Atlanta and it didn't impinge too much on\nthe rural areas, he could make a deal. But now with Atlanta surrounded by the\nmetropolitan area and its legislators who care very much what happens in\nAtlanta, these trade-offs get tougher ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and tougher. Instead of Atlanta acting as\na unity in this ocean of the state, it itself is pulling at itself and is\ndivided. I think the impact of us being a national city and very quickly\nbecoming internationalized, the impact of the air travel between here and\nLondon, and here and Belgium, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here and Frankfurt, is just beginning to be\nrealized. When a trip I made to Europe last year, looking for people who were\ninterested in building in the southeast, they were thinking about this. The fact\nthat they can come in here and they don't have to go through the New York\nairports and that people are more or less friendly down here, is making a real\nimpact. The foreign banks are coming in here fast. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Foreign money is coming in\njust as fast in other ways. One of the major problems is expansion of the city.\nThe window in time has closed, I think, when that might have been done by\nannexation. There are too many elements that don't want it. The one area that I\nsee where it might be possible and one way to do it is, again, going back to\nToronto where they developed a federated type of government, where they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"elected\nofficials from . . . they started out with 13 and it's down to 7 communities\naround the core, were forced under by the province to form this overall body\nthat controls those areas of the government that involve the whole metropolitan\narea of Toronto. To some extent, the Atlanta Regional Commission, and I was part\nof the group that set that up, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was thought of as the beginnings of such a\ngovernment. I know I was not put on that board because somebody said, \"No way\nyou're going to put him on because he's the guy that wants to use this to move\non into a federated government.\" He's right. But it's not being done. I don't\nknow who will do it. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ex-governor [Carl] Sanders came forward with a scheme a\ncouple of years ago and got batted down. Economically, I think that there's\ngoing to be a rising of minority ownership and involvement in the economic life\nof the city. You are just beginning to see it with the appointment to the bank\nboards. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's just the very beginning. But it will come on. We went through an\narea of explosion. Everybody headed out to the suburbs who could get out there.\nI think we're going to, just like the expanding universe, it's supposed to come\nback together again into another big bang. I hope that isn't what we're going to\nhead for. I think we're going to get ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"implosion now. That's going to come about\nbecause of the convenience of living in town. After all, man created cities for\na reason. He created them for protection and convenience, and because people\nlike to be with people. I think the transportation and the energy crisis is\ngoing to have an effect. I think the fact that there is old housing here in the\ncity that can be reused is going to bring people back in. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The culture is here.\nThe entertainment is here, sports, and their jobs. Finally, there is\ndisillusionment with the suburbs. So many of the things that people went to find\nin the suburbs they found those, but the troubles they had came after them. It\nreminds of a cartoon in the last issue of Judge. There were two fish swimming\naround in the fishbowl. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The owner sees them and feels badly about it and takes\nthe two fish and he puts them in a lake where they swim round and round again in\nthe lake. I think that's what happened to the people who went out in the\nsuburbs. I think they are disillusioned with the life that they live out in the\nsuburbs and the kind of life the children lead, where they are isolated as\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"opposed to what I grew up in in Saint Charles, where all I had to do to get a\ngang together was go out on the sidewalk and yell and they were all over the\nplace in a minute. I think there are some sleepers around too that are going to\nchange things. One of them that I've been expecting to come on a long time\nbefore this, but hasn't, is the video telephone. Already, there are a number of\ncities, and Atlanta is one of them, where you can go ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to a place where they've\ngot the video phone and talk to parties in other cities. I don't know, New York,\nChicago, San Francisco, there's not many of them yet. Instead of having to go\nout, cram yourself into a jet, fly to the other city, and go through the\nnightmare of renting a car, getting a cab, and then reversing that procedure,\nyou can pick up this video ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"phone. I talked to Leonard Rich maybe five years ago\nabout this and said, \"Look, I don't think people are ever going to be satisfied\nto close a deal,\" and I meant that in a broad sense, \"unless they're face to\nface.\" He said, \"You and I feel that way, but let a generation come up used to\nusing the video phone from early childhood, and they won't feel that way.\" I\nasked him were there any plans anywhere being made for the impact of such a\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"civilization. He said, \"No, and there certainly ought to be.\" But think what\nit's going to do to travel, to the need for hotels, to the ways of doing\nbusiness, to where people live. Maybe you could carry on a business up on a\nmountaintop in Highlands [North Carolina] just as well as you could in the\ncentral city of Atlanta if you had a video phone. Certainly computers, that's\nnot a sleeper, that's here. I mentioned vertical take-off aircraft. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's\ncoming. That will affect these tremendous airports, or it will make . . . God\nhelp us the day comes when we all have our own personal airplanes, but it will\ncome too. The growth of foreign populations in Atlanta. The day will come when\nwe're going to be a city of minorities, I think. As I mentioned, there are 3,000\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Koreans here. There's a thriving and old Greek community here. The Japanese have\nmoved in. The English are coming over now. The Dutch. It's happening. It's so\nsubtle that we don't really feel it and see it.\n\nAUDIENCE MEMBER: But there's 30,000 Spanish.\n\nALEXANDER: Yes. The fact that you turn on the radio in the morning and you get\nthe news in Spanish. Ten years ago, who would have thought it. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think another\nsleeper is what's the future of [President] Jimmy Carter? Certainly, part of the\nboom here in Atlanta and the recognition of Atlanta had to be because the\npresident of the United States came from Georgia. I see as one of the serious,\nvery serious problems, and not just Atlanta, but is the schism between rich and\npoor. I think it's much, much more of a problem than any racial problems we\nhave. I think it goes across racial lines ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and ethnic lines and any other lines\nyou want to talk about. I want to speak to the hopes for the future. I think\nit's hopeful the whites are moving back in. I think it's hopeful that the blacks\nare moving around the metro area. I even think that the rebirth of integrated\nneighborhoods is taking place. I see the blacks in strong economic roles. I see\nthe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"political coalition reestablished. In summary, I think one of the big\nproblems is the country's wide problem is, we've lost our sense of destiny. We\ndon't know where we're going. We don't know why we are here. Instead of . . . it\nwas almost better to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have a false goal than to have no goal, because there was\nan act of faith. There was movement. There was a feeling that America had a\nmessage to the world and to itself. Maybe it's a fact of my age. I'm sure that\nhas something to do with it, but I don't see it. I feel like we've lost our way.\nWe're wandering around and that we . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not having this driving force, we are\nlooking after ourselves. We are looking after . . . we are worrying without\nbeing able to do anything constructive about it. I still think that a golden\nage, at least for Atlanta, would be a truly integrated society. I don't mean by\nthat that anybody be submerged. I believe in pluralism, that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"each of us in his\nown way, but altogether in mutual respect, cooperation, and equality. Equality\nin politics and equality in business. Certainly, the goal is not for everybody\nto be like the white middleclass, whatever that is. There's something better, an\ninspired society. Inspired by our best instincts and our ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"awareness that we are\nall fellow passengers on the only ark we know, the space ship Earth. Thank you.\n\n [Applause]\n\nLEEDS: What we've just heard was Cecil Alexander talking to the Second Sunday\nNight group. It was recorded ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in April, 1979. He spoke of his life and what he\nsees of the future in Atlanta. I'm Leonard Leeds. For the rest of this tape, I\nwill copy the tape that I made of Cecil in an interview which I conducted in his\noffice on November 10, 1980. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I conducted this interview for the benefit of the\nAmerican Jewish Committee. The distillation of it will be used in connection\nwith the oral history panel, which will be conducted here in Atlanta on December\n3, 1980. We listened to it to the extant that this tape has the capability of a\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time. It is November 10, 1980. I'm Leonard Leeds. I'm in the offices of Cecil\nAlexander. He and I will be talking about his biography, his origins. We'll have\na series of questions which will explore Cecil and, as I said, his ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"origins in\nthe City of Atlanta, the State of Georgia, his antecedents, going back into the\n18th century. This is an introduction. We'll also be able to check out sound as\nwe speak. This letter of October 17 from the American Jewish Committee, Atlanta\nChapter. Bill Crowley wrote the letter. He ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wrote to Ruth Gershon. He said,\n\"Attached is your copy of our formal letter to Herb Kaplow concerning the oral\nhistory event.\" This is what you wanted to know. \"We need to have Leonard Leeds\nand Mark Bauman sit down as soon as possible to create an outline for the\nprogram. What Mr. Kaplow wants, as opposed to a script, is a listing of the key\nareas we would like explored and highlights within each broad area. He will\nconstruct questions and think through his ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"actions and reactions with that. I\nbelieve that Mark and Leonard also need to meet with the interviewees prior to\nthe meeting but well enough in advance so that if a second meeting is necessary,\nthere is time for it. The first meeting would be to go over the outline and\nflush out memories.\" So, that's where we are, Cecil. Cecil, what is your\nfamily's background? Where do they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"come from and when and why? Can you tell us\nsomething about your grandparents and parents?\n\nALEXANDER: Do you want to start there, or do you want to go back further?\n\nLEEDS: We're going to go back further, but we're going to take this first and\nthen move back further than that. You might have a flashback from that.\n\nALEXANDER: My grandparents on my father's side. He wasn't an Atlantan. He came\nhere from Athens. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was in the hardware business, J.M. Alexander \u0026 Company. He\nstarted with his brother. Then he and his brother broke up. His brother went to\nNew York. His wife, her name is Rebecca Solomon. They were cousins, which wasn't\nunusual in the south. I believe they were even first cousins. She came from\nSavannah, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Georgia, and they moved to Atlanta. She was a very prominent citizen\nof Atlanta. She started the . . . I'll have to come back to that. On my mother's\nside, their name was Moses. My grandfather ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lived in Montgomery [Alabama]. It was\na very prominent family. One of his brothers was the mayor of Montgomery at one\npoint. He married a woman named Charlotte Baer, who came from Germany, I\nbelieve, Frankfurt. They lived in Montgomery all of their lives. My mother\n[Julia A. Moses] and father met in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Montgomery. My father brought her home as a\nbride to Atlanta. They spent all of their lives here.\n\nLEEDS: I'm looking at a book called Notes on the Alexander Family of South\nCarolina and Georgia and Connections. It was written by Henry Aaron Alexander.\nThere was note put on here: 1651-1954. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Can you tell us what 1651 means and\nbringing it up to date to 1954?\n\nALEXANDER: I'm not absolutely sure what the 1651 means. The first ancestor, at\nleast on my father's side of the family that we have any record of, was named\nJoseph Raphael. He was the father of Abraham Alexander, Sr., who came to\nCharleston in 1760. He was a rabbi in the Sephardic congregation in Charleston\n[Congregation Beth Elohim]. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know what he did in real life. I know the\nstory is he was head of the customs office in Charleston. He fought the\nRevolutionary War. He had a son who followed him over. His name was Abraham\nAlexander, Jr. I have a copy of his naturalization papers. There is no record of\nthe senior's first wife. Second wife ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was named [Ann Sarah Huguenin] Irby. She\nconverted to Judaism. As far as we know, they had no more offspring. Skipping\naround a little bit, the first Alexander to come to Atlanta was named Aaron. He\ncame here about 1848 and lived on Marietta Street, I believe, and then bought a\nlot next door to the south side ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where J.P. Allen is now. Records show he paid\n$150 for it, 100 feet on Peachtree and went back 400 feet to Ivy StreetH.\nAnother story shows the size of Atlanta, which I think was about 1,200 or 1,300\npeople at that time. When my great grandmother went out to look at the lot,\nwhere the Candler Building is now in Atlanta and said, \"This is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"too far out. I'm\nnot going to live here.\" Well, they did build a house, and they did live there.\nThe two brothers Julius M. Alexander [and Jacob C. Alexander] and a man, whose\nname slips me, called him Cooch [sp], for reasons I don't know. After the Civil\nWar started, the hardware business, called J.M. Alexander \u0026 Company. My\ngrandfather fought in the Confederate Army ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in and around Savannah as a young boy\nof 17 or 18. He was a top sergeant, showing how desperate they were for\npersonnel in the service at that point. They started the hardware store. I think\nit flourished during the years that Atlanta was coming back from the Civil War.\nEvery time I've seen Gone with the Wind and see the hardware store that\nScarlet's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"interim husband started, I think about the J.M. Alexander \u0026 Company.\nMy father kept it going until right after World War II when he lost his lease.\nThe store was where the then new [Atlanta] Journal Building was to be built\n[unintelligible] the store down. He had no place to go, so he closed it down. My\nuncle, Henry Aaron Alexander, he wrote the book you referred to, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was an\nattorney. He went to the University of Georgia. Graduated from the University of\nVirginia. He served in the Georgia legislature. A very outspoken man. He was one\nof Leo Frank's attorneys. One of the memories that I have and was brought up on,\nwas that he went out to Governor [John Marshall] Slaton when the mob went out.\nMy mother reported as the mob went out Peachtree. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We lived on Forrest Avenue in\nthose days, now Ralph McGill [Boulevard]. She could hear the mob yelling for\nSlaton and Alexander. I was brought up in sort of an atmosphere of uncertainty\nabout the Jews in this community and what the future might be.\n\nLEEDS: Could you relate experiences with either Jews or gentiles from your\nchildhood or young adulthood which would help explain the Jewish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"experience in\nAtlanta? That would be exclusive of what you just recounted on the Leo Frank time.\n\nALEXANDER: I wouldn't say I was brought up in a strongly religious atmosphere. I\nwas certainly was brought up as a Jew. We were Reform Jews. I thought that the\nrabbi, Dr. [David] Marx, was Jehovah until I was about 14. I was just certain of\nit. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We observed the Sabbath. We observed the High Holy Days. But the\nneighborhood in which I grew up, Saint Charles Place, there were a lot of young\nfamilies there. I just went with the people on the street. We just bummed around\ntogether. It was really a great community. There was very little feeling one way\nor the other about religious differences. The ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first time I ran into it, I guess,\nwas when I got to high school and was asked if I wanted to join a fraternity. I\nsaid I didn't think the guy knew what he was talking about, that I would be\nblackballed because of religion. He insisted anyway and brought his father along\nin order to pave the way. Still, the antisemitism or whatever you might ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"title it\nin those days was such that I wasn't accepted. Of course, there might have been\nother reasons as well, but that was what I was led to believe. The Jews, at\nleast the Reform Jews, and I certainly think to some extent the Conservative\nJews, were very much a part of the city's life. There were certainly strong\ndivisions in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"social context with the clubs. As far as it being a prevalent\nexperience of being intensely aware, I was not. I went to Jewish camp in North\nCarolina, Osceola Camp, that was run by Dr. Solomon from Savannah. The faculty .\n. . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I guess you call them faculty -- the counselors, the administrators, they\ncame from a broad section. One of the counsellors was Vernon Catfish Smith, an\nall-American football player at the University of Georgia. He was certainly\nwhite, Anglo-Saxon, and Protestant. Even though it was a Jewish camp, per se, I\ndidn't feel I was segregated. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was just an experience I went through. I guess\nwhat I'm trying to say that growing up Jewish in Atlanta in those days was\nsomething you were aware of. It was something that was accepted. It wasn't a\ndeep religious experience. It was certainly an experience and certainly ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"made an\nimpression on me that I was Jewish. Therefore, certain doors were closed. But on\nthe other hand, there was instilled in us a great deal of pride in being Jewish.\n\nLEEDS: What was it like entering into the business end of professions as a Jew\nin Atlanta as related to your adult life and as opposed to your relationship\nwith the community as a child?\n\nALEXANDER: I was away ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from Atlanta for a good portion of my education. I went to\nYale four years. I went to MIT [Massachusetts Institute of Technology] for one\nyear. I was in the Marine Corp for four years. Came back from that and went two\nmore years at Harvard where I got a master's in architecture. By the time I got\nback, any continuity was really badly broken. I don't think of it being a\ncontinuation. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I must say that I never felt any handicap in my profession about\nbeing Jewish. I did get myself heavily involved with the Civil Rights Movement\nat one point. There were some problems that evolved from that, in which we\nalmost lost a large commission because someone thought that I was selling out,\nso to speak. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The only other thing, and I think this is a very interesting\ncomment, the firm is now composed of, or then was composed of, five people, two\nof us Jewish and three Protestants. We entered a joint venture with a New York\nfirm that was definitely both partners were Jewish. In the discussion, I was\ntold about whether both firms should be retained. The chairman of this\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"institution said, \"Well, I don't know about getting two Jewish firms.\" It always\nstruck me as interesting that although we were outnumbered two to three in this\nfive-man firm by Protestants that, nevertheless, we were considered a Jewish\nfirm. I think that that says something again about the awareness of the climate.\nThere is a phrase that I've used and I've experienced it, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and maybe there are\nbetter times for it. But, I like to call it locker room antisemitism. By that, I\nmean not the overt antisemitism has been experienced in so many countries and in\nthis country as well, the kind of antisemitism that was in Atlanta at the time\nof the Frank case, but the kind that just sort of snide that is always lurking\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"below the surface that results in stories in the locker room. That's why I call\nit locker room antisemitism. I think it is something that is an evil well that\nis there to be tapped and one that needs to be constantly watched. These people\nwho are willing to accept a certain level of antisemitism under the right\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"situations -- economics, social, or what have you, probably a resource not for\nleadership but certainly for creating a climate where those who are virulent in\nantisemitism feel it is safe to operate.\n\nLEEDS: Any new firm that comes into being always has a particular financial\nproblem. They end up going to a bank and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"borrowing for its origin of funds,\nutilizing a portion in their own seed capital as well. Did you have any trouble\nborrowing from banks when you opened your first firm here in Atlanta?\n\nALEXANDER: No. Those were in the days of Mills Lane and his free-swinging\nextension of credit. He did it on the basis of people. Bernard Rothschild, who\nwas my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first partner, came here from Philadelphia. He married into the Haas\nfamily, which is very well known in the community. My name was known to Mills.\nWe went in to see him and put a statement in front of him. He took one look at\nthe statement and threw it in his trash basket and said, \"I wouldn't lend you a\nnickel on that, but how much money do you want?\" He extended us credit for years\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just on that basis. I never felt any difficulty at all in getting money. I\ncertainly never thought it was predicated on whether we were Jewish, gentile, or\nheathen, as far as that went. He was a man who believed in the city. He believed\nin his ability to judge character. Sometimes he made mistakes. I hope he doesn't\nfeel he ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"made one with us.\n\nLEEDS: In the interaction between Jewish groups, obviously you had some\nexperiences. Were there difficulties between German and East European or with\nthe Sephardic Jews that you have any knowledge of or feelings about?\n\nALEXANDER: Yes, there was a lot of feeling. I remember Rabbi Rothchild at the\nTemple, who I thought ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a great deal of as a very courageous leader. I worked with\nhim in civil rights. At one point, we were getting very ecumenical and we were\ninviting Protestants, Catholics, and almost anybody who was out there to come\nspeak to the Temple in their forums. I said, \"Look, Jack, we're making all these\novertures with the Catholics and so on, what about the other ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish\ncongregations?\" He says, \"Oh no. That will never work.\" I think some of this has\nchanged. I don't think there is this much feeling of differences as there used\nto be. It probably still exists. I picked up a tennis racket the other day, a\nbeautiful tennis racket. On it was the name Status. It annoyed me ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when I picked\nit up, but its human nature. I think some of it certainly existed in this\ncommunity that tended to set the late arrivals apart from the earlier settlers,\nat least in the minds of the earlier settlers.\n\nLEEDS: Talking about the earlier settlers, did they help newcomers and how? Did\nthey mix in business and socially?\n\nALEXANDER: It may have been ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"done, I don't know, in somewhat of a paternalistic\natmosphere. My uncle, in particular, was very much involved in this. I think, at\nleast partially, because he married a lady who was studying dentistry here who\nhad come in from Russia. He devoted a great of his efforts and time into helping\nher sister and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"brother and so on get out of Russia. It didn't stop with the\nfamily. He was once selected as Man of the Year by the Jewish community here.\nThat had to do with his great involvement and dedication to seeing what he can\ndo in the areas of paving the way and easing the way for new arrivals. How\nprevalent this ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was throughout the Jewish community, I can't answer.\n\nLEEDS: Do you have any understanding of any restrictions of your group and your\nrelation with [Rabbi] David Marx, Rabbi [Harry] Epstein, Rabbi [David] Geffon,\nand Rabbi [Joseph] Cohen? Do you have any feeling about that past?\n\nALEXANDER: I don't quite follow the question.\n\nLEEDS: What were the reactions of your group, your relations with David Marx?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ALEXANDER: David Marx was my rabbi. I also said until I was a teenager, I\nthought he was God. I mean, there was no question in my mind. The other rabbis,\nI knew them casually. I knew who they were. Breaking down into the Reform,\nConservative, and Orthodox was very strong. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My uncle, again going back to him,\nwas a member of a Sephardic congregation here and was considered very much part\nof that congregation. He was [unintelligible] as part of the Temple as well as Sephardic.\n\nLEEDS: If any of these groups were divided at all on different issues what, in\nyour opinion, brought them together later?\n\nALEXANDER: There is no question that Israel brought them together. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At other\ntimes, antisemitism brought them together. There was a great divergence of\nopinion about Israel in the early days. It went all the way from the pro-Israeli\nattitudes to the anti- . . . the ones that felt that it would be endangerment of\na lot of the Jews in this country, to neutral, and the wait and see. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I suppose\nthat too tended to be a factor of how strong the recent ties to Europe were and\nthat was sort of the criteria for the amount of involvement.\n\nLEEDS: There was an uneasiness about it that could have been rocking the boat if\nthere was a strong interest pro-Israel? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pro-Zionism?\n\nALEXANDER: I don't quite follow what you mean. Who would be uneasy is what I'm .\n. .\n\nLEEDS: I'm speaking about the Jewish community Would the Jewish community, the\npeople in the Jewish community be uneasy about any after effects of their\ninterest in Israel in Zionism?\n\nALEXANDER: I don't know if there was an uneasiness. There was a great deal of\nbitterness and recriminations between groups who felt very strongly pro-Israel\nand ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those who didn't favor its coming into existence. I don't think there was\nany uneasiness about it. I think there was a general uneasiness on the part of\nthose who went pro-Israel, the feeling that somehow there was going to be a\nbreakdown of the Jewish citizenship in the United States.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEEDS: What about the Jewish social service agencies? Did you have any\ninvolvement with them? Could you describe it if you did?\n\nALEXANDER: My involvement with them was definitely limited, I'd have to say.\nI've taken part in a peripheral way in all of them, I suppose, by contributing.\nI don't know if the American Jewish Committee qualifies as a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"social agency\nexactly. Is that what you mean because I was very much involved in that.\n\nLEEDS: No. I'm speaking of other agencies, social service agencies, which may\nhave had a slant toward the Jewish area of interest. But, you don't have any\ninvolvement in that at all ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"beyond the American Jewish Committee?\n\nALEXANDER: Yes, as a contributor I had a very strong involvement. Also, the\nCouncil of Jewish Women is something that my wife is very much into. The group\nthat I couldn't remember earlier that my grandmother had founded was the Council\nof Women in Atlanta.\n\nLEEDS: Would you like to expand on that, that your grandmother ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a founder of\nthe Council of Jewish Women in Atlanta?\n\nALEXANDER: I think it was an indicator of her concern and interest in the Jewish\naffairs of the city. I don't know, not having been around at the time, I don't\nknow that I'm in a position to expand on it. To go back to these Jewish\nagencies, I suppose I've tended to be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"involved in community-wide efforts that do\ninvolve those agencies but not directly. I can't say exactly why my course has\nbeen in that. I've tended to be more into things like the Community Council of\nthe City of Atlanta, which I was acting chairman of at one time. Of course, all\nof these agencies were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a part of that operation. That has really been the course\nof action that I've been into.\n\nLEEDS: Was there any resistance to the rise of Jews in politics and business\nthat you might have been aware of? What was your experience with other minority\ngroups, particularly blacks?\n\nALEXANDER: As a child?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=4830.0,4860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEEDS: I would say as an adult, as you were coming up. The resistance to the\nrise of Jews in politics and business, particularly.\n\nALEXANDER: I suppose there was some resistance. If you look at Atlanta and you\nsee that Sam Massell was mayor and that Sidney Marcus is a strong candidate,\nthat Jews have been very much involved in the political life of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"city that\npeople now in city hall who are Jewish. I really can't say that I see it. Back\nin the 1920s, if you wanted to get anywhere in state politics, you belonged to\nthe Klan. There were a lot of otherwise good people who belonged to the Klan\njust for political reasons. That would automatically, I hope, prohibit a Jew\nfrom seeking statewide office. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think I mentioned my great uncle was the mayor\nof Montgomery, and my uncle was in the legislature. It wasn't wide spread. I\nsuppose that at some point it could have been an element that could have\ndefeated someone from running for office in the south. But I never felt it. I\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"played around with the idea of getting more active in politics at one time. I\nnever felt inhibited by it.\n\nLEEDS: Did you ever have any experiences with other minority groups,\nparticularly blacks?\n\nALEXANDER: Yes, I had a lot. I guess, let's say the scales came off my eyes when\nI was at Harvard. I got to know a black, who is now a very prominent New York\narchitect. I discovered for the first ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time that they were equals because I had\nbeen brought up in the south with black servants. There was real love there. A\nnurse I had, it compared with the love I felt for her with the love I felt for\nmy mother. I think that is one of the big differences in the south, by the way,\nthis . . .\n\nLEEDS: We were talking about your experiences with other minority groups,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=4980.0,5010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"particularly blacks. You were talking about your nurse and the real love that\nwas in the family through her.\n\nALEXANDER: When I came back to Atlanta, I was president of the American\nInstitute of Architecture, local chapter. Out of that came the attention of\nMayor Hartsfield. He appointed me as first chairman of the Citizens Advisory\nCommittee for Urban Renewal. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This was a biracial committee and was an ongoing\ncommittee. Later we were able to expand it to some 90:60 people on a basis of\none-third / two-thirds, which was the ratio of black to white. At that point, I\nreally got to know for the first time, blacks as people, blacks as businessmen,\nblacks as politicians, and so forth. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=5040.0,5070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My wife and I both, Hermi and I, got very\nmuch involved with the whole Civil Rights Movement. It's something I've never\nregretted. It's something I never thought had gone the way I expected. But,\nhuman nature is human nature. I don't know why I ever thought that might be put\naside. I had hoped for really a happily integrated city. I think that writes me\noff as a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"visionary. Nevertheless, it had a profound effect on me and on my\nrelationships, not only with blacks but with many other people as well. I think\none interesting phenomenon that went on at that time. There was a group of us,\nJews and others. Jack Rothchild, the rabbi. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=5100.0,5130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can name quite a number of Atlanta\nJews who were very much involved with civil rights. I think at least one of my\nmotives, at least certainly one of mine, was the feeling that when bigotry\nexists, it isn't long before it is on the doorstep of the Jew. It was\nself-serving to that extent. But the reaction in the other southern cities was\nvery, very negative. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Like most Jews in the south, I had cousins in Montgomery,\nBirmingham [Alabama], New Orleans [Louisiana], Chattanooga [Tennessee]. They all\nwere very, very upset and felt that we were exposing them, that \"that may be\nvery well for you in a cosmopolitan city like Atlanta to be advocating this sort\nof thing, but we're exposed. You have no concept of our ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=5160.0,5190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"feelings.\" I did have a\nconcept of their feelings, but I thought that they were wrong. I wasn't about to\ngive up on it because of that. I've always thought that fear breeds fear. Fear\nbreeds attack. It's a bad road to go down. The thing that really changed the\nJews ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=5190.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in other cities, at least in Montgomery, was the bombing of the Temple.\nHere was a sign that our safety in Atlanta wasn't all that sure, that the Jews\nin Atlanta were exposed and that what we were doing might be exposing the\nBirmingham or Montgomery Jews. At the same time, we had our own\n[unintelligible]. I think that was a great catharsis in the city, the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=5220.0,5250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bombing of\nthe Temple because the Jews in Atlanta at that time didn't know how much money\nwe had in the bank, so to speak, in regard to the community. But there was such\nan outpouring, a tremendous outpouring of support and indignation of this\nbombing. We all took a second look and thought, well after all, we do have a\nposition in this community that does entitle us to feel secure. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=5250.0,5280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some of it was\npredicated on the fundamentalists, the Baptist idea the Jew as a descendant of\nancient Hebrews. Therefore, the bombing of the Temple was a blow, not only at\nJews, but at Christians as well. I've often thought if they had bombed a secular\nJewish facility, there wouldn't nearly had been the outcry. There's nothing\nreasonable about that thought, but ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=5280.0,5310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if they wanted to start the maximum amount of\nopposition to what they were doing, they picked their target.\n\nLEEDS: Now that you've talked about how the community reacted to the bombing of\nthe Temple, do you remember your own feeling at the time when it happened? How\ndid it strike you? 1958 is exactly 22 years ago. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=5310.0,5340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What was your gut feeling at\nthe time?\n\nALEXANDER: I had a peculiar gut feeling because I was lying up in Piedmont\nHospital. I had an operation on my arm. That thing had went off in the morning.\nI had an open window facing the Temple. It was several blocks away. There was\nthis tremendous noise. I woke up. I was drugged from pain killers. I thought,\n\"My God, they're ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=5340.0,5370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bombing Atlanta.\" Then I thought there's nothing I can do about\nit in this shape, and I rolled over and went back to sleep. Or, I tried to roll\nover. That was my initial reaction. My later reaction was that it wasn't one of\ngreat surprise. It was one of outrage. Way down at the bottom of the list was\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=5370.0,5400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one of fear. I remember the great outpouring that Friday night. I was out of the\nhospital by then. We went to the Temple. I ended up sitting under this huge\nchandelier. I wondered how much damage might have been done to the structure\nholding that chandelier up. There was that feeling. A feeling that there was\nrampant antisemitism in Atlanta that was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=5400.0,5430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/transcript/24369/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a real threat. I didn't feel it,\nnothing like before World War II when the so-called Silver Shirts were marching\nin the streets of Atlanta. These guys were obviously a small handful. The fact\nthat they did not have any part of support of the community was very comforting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=5430.0,5460.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Alexander_Cecil [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAaron Alexander (1812-1876) was born in Charleston, South Carolina, grandson of a Revolutionary War officer and lay rabbi of Sephardic descent. Aaron married Sarah Moses in 1836. They came to Atlanta in 1848. He worked as a railroad engineer before opening the town’s first drugstore.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJacob Haas, born in 1803 in Hamn, Hessendarmstadt, was one of Atlanta’s first Jews. Haas and his wife Jeanetta came to America in 1842.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGone with the Wind is a 1939 American epic historical romance film adapted from the 1936 novel by Margaret Mitchell set in the American South against the backdrop of the American Civil War and the Reconstruction era. The film tells the story of Scarlett O’Hara, the strong-willed daughter of a Georgia plantation owner. It follows her romantic pursuit of Ashley Wilkes, who is married to his cousin, and her subsequent marriage to Rhett Butler. Gone with the Wind opened at the Loew's Grand Theater (Peachtree Street at Pryor Street) numbering 300,000 people according to the Atlanta Constitution.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe George Muse Clothing Company, also known as Muse’s, was a department store founded in 1887 by George Muse. In its heyday, Muse's had 10 stores throughout Atlanta, Georgia. In 1990, Muse's filed for bankruptcy protection and all Muse's stores closed in 1996. Muse's flagship building at 52 Peachtree Street in downtown Atlanta was completed in 1921 and served as a department store until 1992.  It was converted to lofts in the mid 1990's.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eUnderground Atlanta is a shopping and entertainment district in the Five Points district of Atlanta, Georgia. During the 1920's, construction of concrete viaducts intended to relieve traffic congestion in downtown Atlanta elevated the street system one level. Merchants moved their operations to the second floor of their buildings, leaving the old fronts for storage and service. As Atlanta continued to grow above the viaducts, the original street level was raised by one-and-a-half stories, and a five-block area was completely covered up. The lower facades of historic buildings constructed during the city's post-Civil War Reconstruction Era boom remained relatively untouched until the area was rediscovered and opened as a tourist attraction in 1969.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLeo Frank (1884-1915) was a Jewish factory superintendent in Atlanta, Georgia. In 1913, he was accused of raping and murdering one of his employees, a 13-year-old girl named Mary Phagan, whose body was found on the premises of the National Pencil Company. Frank was arrested, tried, convicted and sentenced to death for her murder. The trial was the catalyst for a great outburst of antisemitism led by the populist Tom Watson and the center of powerful class and political interests. Frank was sent to Milledgeville State Penitentiary to await his execution. Governor John M. Slaton, believing there had been a miscarriage of justice, commuted Frank’s sentence to life in prison. This enraged a group of men who styled themselves the “Knights of Mary Phagan.” They drove to the prison, kidnapped Frank from his cell and drove him to Marietta, Georgia where they lynched him. Many years later, the murderer was revealed to be Jim Conley, who had lied in the trial, pinning it on Frank instead. Frank was pardoned on March 11, 1986, although they stopped short of exonerating him.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Crackers were minor league baseball teams based in Atlanta between 1901 and 1965. The Crackers were Atlanta's home team until the Atlanta Braves moved from Milwaukee in 1966. The Crackers played in Ponce de Leon Park from 1907 until a fire destroyed the all-wood stadium in 1923. Spiller Field (a stadium later also called ‘Ponce de Leon Park’), became their home starting in the 1924 season. The new park was constructed around a magnolia tree that became part of the outfield.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The time of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries, it started in about 1929 and lasted until the late 1930’s or early 1940’s. It was the longest, most widespread, and deepest depression of the twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Buttermilk Bottoms neighborhood was located in the heart of downtown Atlanta. Over 16,000 people lived in the Bottoms on a median family income below $2,500 a year. The poverty-stricken area was demolished in 1971 to make way for the parking lot for the Atlanta Civic Center.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Candler Building is a 17-story high-rise on Peachtree Street in Atlanta, Georgia. When completed in 1906 by Coca-Cola magnate Asa Griggs Candler, it was the tallest building in the city. On the National Register of Historic Places, the interior is under conversion into The Candler Hotel Atlanta (2019).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Hurt Building is an 18-story building located at 50 Hurt Plaza in Atlanta, Georgia, with a unique triangular shape. The Hurt Building was built between 1913 and 1926 and was the initial home for the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. It was renovated in 1985. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Fox Theatre is located on Peachtree Street in Midtown Atlanta. The theater was originally planned as part of a large Shrine Temple as evidenced by its Moorish design. The theater was ultimately developed as a lavish movie palace, opening in 1929. The auditorium replicates an Arabian courtyard under a night sky of flickering stars and drifting clouds. The Fox Theatre now hosts cultural and artistic events, and concerts by popular artists.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLoew's Grand Theater, originally DeGive's Grand Opera House, was a movie theater at the corner of Peachtree and Forsyth Streets in downtown Atlanta. It was most famous as the site of the 1939 premiere of Gone with the Wind.  The Georgia-Pacific Tower was built on the former site of the theater.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Paramount Theater, located on Peachtree Street in downtown Atlanta, Georgia, opened in 1920 as the Howard Theater. In 1929, the name changed to the Paramount Theater. The building was demolished in 1960.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFrom the 1920s to the early 1930s, the Tenth Street Shopping District was an upscale shopping area, the first major one outside the Central District (Downtown Atlanta), attracting customers from affluent neighborhoods throughout the city.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eReform Judaism, sometimes also called Liberal Judaism, is a division within Judaism especially in North America and Western Europe. Historically it began in the nineteenth century. In general, the Reform movement maintains that Judaism and Jewish traditions should be modernized and compatible with participation in Western culture. While the Torah remains the law, in Reform Judaism women are included (mixed seating, bat mitzvah and women rabbis), music is allowed in the services and most of the service is in English.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Athletic Club (AAC) was founded in 1898 as a private athletic club. The original home of the club was a 10-story building on Carnegie Way in downtown Atlanta. In 1904 a golf course was built on Atlanta's East Lake property.  In 1967, the AAC sold both properties and moved to a big site in a then-unincorporated area of Fulton County that had a Duluth mailing address and would eventually become Johns Creek. The vacated golf course site became East Lake Golf Club and was refurbished during the 1990’s. It is now the home of the Tour Championship, currently the final event of the PGA Tour golf season.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRobert Tyre Jones Jr. (1902-1971), born in Atlanta, Georgia, was an American amateur golfer who was one of the most influential figures in the history of the sport. He was also a lawyer by profession. Jones founded and helped design the Augusta National Golf Club and co-founded the Masters Tournament. The innovations that he introduced at the Masters have been copied by virtually every professional golf tournament in the world.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Silver Legion of America, commonly known as the Silver Shirts, was an underground American fascist organization founded by William Dudley Pelley that was headquartered in Asheville, North Carolina, and announced publicly on January 31, 1933. The group was effectively dissolved on December 8, 1941, when police called for the open arrest of any individuals associated with the group. The nationalist, fascist group modeled after Benito Mussolini's blackshirts, the paramilitary Silver Legion wore a silver shirt with a blue tie, a campaign hat, and blue corduroy trousers with leggings. The uniform shirts bore a scarlet letter L over the heart: an emblem meant to symbolize Loyalty to the United States, Liberation from materialism, and the Silver Legion itself. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP), commonly known as the ‘Nazi Party,’ was a political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945.  The party’s leader was Adolf Hitler. Initially, Nazi political strategy focused on anti-big business, anti-bourgeois and anti-capitalist rhetoric.  In the 1930’s the party's focus shifted to antisemitic and anti-Marxist themes.  Racism was also central to Nazism.  The Nazis aimed to unite all Germans as national comrades, whilst excluding those deemed either to be community aliens or of a foreign race.  The Nazis sought to improve the stock of the Germanic people through racial purity and eugenics, broad social welfare programs, and a disregard for the value of individual life, which could be sacrificed for the good of the Nazi state and the ‘Aryan master race.’ The persecution reached its climax when the party-controlled German state organized the systematic murder of approximately 6,000,000 Jews and 5,000,000 from the other targeted groups.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Ku Klux Klan (or Knights of the Ku Klux Klan today, also referred to as the ‘KKK’) is a white supremacist, white nationalist, anti-immigration, anti-Jewish, anti-Catholic, anti-black secret society, whose methods included terrorism and murder.  It was founded in the South in the 1860’s and then died out and come back several times, most notably in the 1920’s when membership soared again, and then again in the 1960’s during the civil rights era. When the Klan was re-founded in 1915 in Georgia, the event was marked by a cross burning on Stone Mountain. In the past it members dressed up in white robes and a pointed hat designed to hide their identity and to terrify. It is still in existence.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWhite primaries were primary elections held in the Southern United States in which only white voters were permitted to participate. Statewide white primaries were established by the state Democratic Party units or by state legislatures in South Carolina, Florida, Mississippi, Alabama, Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Georgia. Since winning the Democratic primary in the South almost always meant winning the general election, barring black and other minority voters meant they were in essence disenfranchised. Southern states also passed laws and constitutions with provisions to raise barriers to voter registration, completing disenfranchisement from 1890 to 1908 in all states of the former Confederacy.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHearst Communications, often referred to simply as Hearst, is an American multinational mass media and business information conglomerate based in New York City founded by William Randolph Hearst Sr. (1863-1951). Hearst is known for developing the nation's largest newspaper chain and media company. Hearst papers are known for emphasizing sensationalism and human-interest stories. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Georgian was established in 1906 by Fred Loring Seely as a daily afternoon newspaper. He used the publication as a forum to support prohibition and speak out against the convict labor lease system. Famed media tycoon William Randolph Hearst purchased the paper in 1912. Under his ownership, the Georgian became the third largest newspaper in the state behind the Constitution and the Journal, utilizing the sensationalist journalistic practices of other Hearst-owned papers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIgnacy Jan Paderewski (1860-1941) was a Polish pianist and composer who became a spokesman for Polish independence. In 1919, he was the new nation's Prime Minister and foreign minister during which he signed the Treaty of Versailles, which ended World War I.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVladimir Samoylovich Horowitz (1903-1989) was a Russian-born, American, classical pianist and composer, who lived most of his life in the United States. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest pianists of all time.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYehudi Menuhin (1916–1999) was an American-born violinist and conductor who spent most of his performing career in Britain. He is widely considered one of the greatest violinists of the twentieth century. He was born to Russian-Jewish parents in the United States, but became a citizen of Switzerland in 1970, and of the United Kingdom in 1985. He made his first public appearance when he was seven years old as solo violinist with the San Francisco Symphony Orchestra. He performed for Allied soldiers during World War II and for the surviving inmates of a number of concentration camps in 1945. He performed for Allied soldiers during World War II and for Holocaust survivors in 1945 in concentration camps after their liberation, including at Bergen-Belsen.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe High Museum of Art in Atlanta is the leading art museum in the Southeastern United States. Located on Peachtree Street in Midtown, the High is a division of the Woodruff Arts Center. It was founded in 1905 as the Atlanta Art Association and renamed after the High family donated their house as an exhibit space in 1926. In 1983, a new 135,000-square-foot building designed by Richard Meier opened to house the Museum. In 2002, three new buildings designed by Renzo Piano more than doubled the Museum's size.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCommercial High School began as a department of Girls’ High School in 1889 for girls who wanted to learn business skills. They taught bookkeeping, typing, math and history. It expanded to a four-story brick building on Pryor Street, and in 1910 became Atlanta’s first coed high school. It closed in June 1947.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBoys’ High School was founded in 1924 and is now known as Henry W. Grady High School. It is part of the Atlanta Public School System. It has had many notable alumni, including S. Truett Cathy, the founder of Chick-fil-A. It is located in Midtown Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTech High School was only for boys interested in the applied sciences (electricity, automobiles, aviation, skilled manufacturing, etc.). Tech High and Boys’ High merged in 1947 to become coed Grady High School.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGirls’ High School was one of seven schools that were part of the original Atlanta public school system. It opened in 1872, and was the only public school in the area exclusively for girls. Mr. Bernard Mallon was the first principal of the school. The first school society was the Browning Society, later renamed the Mallon Society in honor of the principal. The original school site was the DeSaul Building at the corner of Whitehall and Hunter Street where classes were held in four rooms on the upper floor. It moved to the John Neal home in 1873. It was a superb school academically, and had 104 rooms including science halls, laboratories, sewing rooms, a library, and outdoor classrooms. In 1925, the school moved to Rosalia Street. In 1947, Atlanta high schools became co-educational and Girls’ High was renamed ‘Roosevelt High School.’ The school closed in 1985 and was sold to a development company.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJohn Griffin \"Stumpy\" Thomason (1906-1989) was a professional American football player who played running back for seven seasons for the Brooklyn Dogers and Philadelphia Eagles. He played college football for the 1928 national champion Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLucius Benjamin \"Luke\" Appling (1907-1991) was an American shortstop in Major League Baseball, who played his entire career for the Chicago White Sox (1930–1950). He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1964. Born in North Carolina, Appling briefly attended Oglethorpe College in Atlanta, Georgia. He was signed by the minor league Atlanta Crackers in 1930 and debuted with the Chicago White Sox later that year. He interrupted his career to serve in World War II in 1944 and 1945. He played for Chicago until 1950, then was a minor league manager and major league coach for many years. He served one stint as an interim major league manager in 1967. He died in Georgia in 1991.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Jacob Rothschild, born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, was rabbi of the city’s oldest Reform congregation, the Temple, in Atlanta, Georgia from 1946 until his death in 1973 from a heart attack. He forged close relationships with the city’s Christian clergy and distinguished himself as a charismatic spokesperson for civil rights.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJanice married Rabbi Jacob Rothschild, a prominent and well-known rabbi of the Temple in Atlanta. Rabbi Rothschild died in 1974. Janice later remarried and moved to Washington, D.C. with her second husband, David Blumberg. She has held leadership positions in numerous organizations, including the B'nai B'rith Klutznick National Jewish Museum, and served as president of the Southern Jewish Historical Society. She has lectured at universities, synagogues, museums and academic conferences across the country. In addition to authoring and contributing to several books, she has written articles for the Encyclopedia Judaica, Southern Jewish History, The Atlanta Journal and Constitution Sunday Magazine. In 2012 she returned to Atlanta to live.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRalph Emerson McGill (1898-1969) was an American journalist, best known as an anti-segregationist editor and publisher of the Atlanta Constitution newspaper. He won a Pulitzer Prize for editorial writing in 1959. He became friends with Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson, acting as a civil rights advisor and behind-the-scenes envoy to several African nations. After his death, Ralph McGill Boulevard in Atlanta (previously Forrest Boulevard) was named for him.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWilliam Berry Hartsfield, Sr. (1890-1971), served as the 49th and 51st Mayor of Atlanta.  His tenure extended from 1937 to 1941 and again from 1942 to 1962, making him the longest-serving mayor of his native Atlanta.  It was under his direction that Atlanta became a world-class city with the image of the “City Too Busy to Hate.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIvan Allen, Jr. (1911-2003), was an American businessman who served two terms as the 52nd Mayor of Atlanta during the turbulent civil rights era of the 1960’s.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eQuentin V. Williamson (1918-1985), a native of Atlanta, Georgia was a realtor and civil rights leader. He founded Q.V. Williamson \u0026amp; Company, a real estate business in Atlanta. He was president and chairman of the National Association of Real Estate Brokers. In 1966, he became the first black since Reconstruction to serve on the Atlanta Board of Alderman (now the Atlanta City Council).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRichard “Dick” H. Rich (1901-1975) was a grandson of the founder of Rich’s department store in Atlanta, Georgia. He took over as president of Rich’s in 1949 and under his leadership Rich's began expansion in the 1950’s. Richard's mother Rosalind Rich Rosenheim was the daughter of Morris Rich, founder of Rich's. Richard changed his name legally from Rosenheim to Rich because his grandfather wanted him to. Richard served in WWII in the US Army Air Forces.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHenrietta Egleston Hospital for Children (Egleston) opened in the Old Fourth Ward in 1928 and in the 1950’s it became the pediatric teaching hospital affiliate for the Emory University School of Medicine. In 1959, Egleston relocated to the university's campus. The hospital is now a part of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (CHOA). CHOA formed in 1998 when Egleston Children's Health Care System and Scottish Rite Medical Center came together, becoming one of the largest pediatric systems in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe sit-in movement was a wave of sit-ins that followed the Greensboro sit-ins on February 1, 1960 in North Carolina. The sit-in movement employed the tactic of nonviolent direct action and was a pivotal event during the Civil Rights Movement.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDixie Hills is a historic northwest Atlanta Neighborhood since 1938. Real estate developer Heman E. Perry developed Hunter Hills and Dixie Hills with contractor Herman Glass. In 1967, Atlanta historian Franklin Garrett described Dixie Hills as a small area of small, neat, middle-class homes\" of African Americans. There were no swimming pools or shade trees or entertainment facilities. After a riot in June 1967, the city dedicated resources to build a path to Anderson Park, a baseball diamond and shower stalls;[4] and to repairing streets and improving health inspections.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAtlanta–Fulton County Stadium, often referred to as ‘Fulton County Stadium’ and originally named ‘Atlanta Stadium,’ was built to attract a major league baseball team. In 1966 it succeeded when the Milwaukee Braves relocated to Atlanta. The stadium was built on the site of the cleared Washington-Rawson neighborhood, which had been a wealthy area and home to much of Atlanta’s Jewish community. The Braves continued to play at Fulton County Stadium until the end of the 1996 season, when they moved into Turner Field, the converted Centennial Olympic Stadium originally built for the 1996 Summer Olympics. The stadium was demolished in 1997. A parking lot for Turner Field now stands on the site. In 2016, the property was purchased by Georgia State with plans to build a new park for its baseball team within the footprint of Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Civic Center is a 4,600-seat theater built in Atlanta, Georgia in 1967. In 2001 it added “Boisfeuillet Jones” to its name in honor of Atlanta businessman and philanthropist Boisfeuillet Jones, Sr.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMaynard Holbrook Jackson, Jr. (1938-2003) was an American politician, a member of the Democratic Party, and the first black mayor of Atlanta, serving three terms (1974-1982, 1990-1994).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMARTA is the common term for the Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority, which was created in 1965. During the 1970’s, MARTA began acquiring land in and around the city of Atlanta, Georgia for construction of a rapid rail system. Today, MARTA operates a rail system with feeder bus operation and park-and-ride facilities throughout the metropolitan Atlanta area.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDecatur is a city in Georgia, approximately 6 miles northeast of Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Fairlie–Poplar district is part of the central business district in downtown Atlanta, Georgia. Georgia State University is located along the district’s southeastern edge and Sweet Auburn, a historically African-American neighborhood, is on the district’s eastern edge.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTheodore Martin (T.M.). Alexander, Jr. was the son of T.M. Alexander, Sr. and a first vice president of E.F. Hutton \u0026amp; Co. in Atlanta. In the mid-1950’s he was with the Chase Manhattan Bank and Dun \u0026amp; Bradstreet in New York before establishing his own real estate brokerage firm, Alexander \u0026amp; Associates in Atlanta, where he became active in Republican party politics. In 1966, Alexander was the first black hired as an investment banker by Courts \u0026amp; Company of Atlanta. Later he was named a regional administrator for the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development. In 1983, Alexander was reported to have fallen overboard in rough water and presumed drowned in a boating accident off Honduras during a deep-sea fishing trip.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Regional Commission (ARC) is the regional planning and intergovernmental coordination agency for the 10-county metropolitan Atlanta region The ARC is funded through a combination of local, state, federal, and private funds.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCarl Edward Sanders (1925-2014) served at the 74th governor of Georgia from 1963 to 1967.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJudge was a weekly satirical magazine published in the United States from 1881 to 1947.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJames Earl “Jimmy” Carter Jr. (b. 1924) was the 39th President of the United States from 1977 to 1981.  He was a Democrat.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Jewish Committee (AJC) was founded in 1906 to safeguard the welfare and security of Jews worldwide. It is one of the oldest Jewish advocacy organizations in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHerbert Elias ‘Herb’ Kaplow (1927-2013) was an American television news correspondent. His main focus was reporting out of Washington, D.C.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRebecca Ella Solomon Alexander (1854-1938) was the first president of the Atlanta chapter of the National Council of Jewish Women when it was organized in 1895.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSephardic Jews are the Jews of Spain, Portugal, North Africa and the Middle East and their descendants. The adjective “Sephardic” and corresponding nouns Sephardi (singular) and Sephardim (plural) are derived from the Hebrew word ‘Sepharad,’ which refers to Spain. Historically, the vernacular language of Sephardic Jews was Ladino, a Romance language derived from Old Spanish, incorporating elements from the old Romance languages of the Iberian Peninsula, Hebrew, Aramaic, and in the lands receiving those who were exiled, Ottoman Turkish, Arabic, Greek, Bulgarian and Serbo-Croatian vocabulary.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJohn Marshall Slaton, or Jack Slaton, (1866-1955) served two non-consecutive terms as the Sixtieth Governor of Georgia. His political career was ended in 1915 after he commuted the death penalty sentence of Atlanta factory boss Leo Frank, who had been convicted for the murder of a teenage girl employee. Because of Slaton's law firm partnership with Frank’s defense counsel, claims were made that Slaton's involvement raised a conflict of interest. Soon after Slaton's action, Frank was lynched. After Slaton's term as governor ended, he and his wife left the state for a decade. Slaton later served as president of the Georgia State Bar Association.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA gentile is a person of non-Jewish faith.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi David Marx was a long-time rabbi at the Temple in Atlanta, Georgia. He led the move toward Reform Judaism practices. He served as rabbi from 1895 to 1946. When he retired, Rabbi Jacob Rothschild took the pulpit that Rabbi Marx had held for more than half a century.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShabbat [Hebrew] or Shabbos [Yiddish] is the Jewish day of rest and is observed on Saturdays. Shabbat observance entails refraining from work activities, often with great rigor, and engaging in restful activities to honor the day. Shabbat begins at sundown on Friday night and is ushered in by lighting candles and reciting a blessing. It is closed the following evening with the recitation of the havdalah blessing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe two High Holy Days are Rosh Ha-Shanah (Jewish New Year) and Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA form of Judaism that seeks to preserve Jewish tradition and ritual but has a more flexible approach to the interpretation of the law than Orthodox Judaism. It attempts to combine a positive attitude toward modern culture, while preserving a commitment to Jewish observance. They also observe gender equality (mixed seating, women rabbis and bat mitzvahs).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVernon \"Catfish\" Smith (1908-1988) was an American football, basketball, and baseball player, coach, and military officer. He was a three-sport athlete at the University of Georgia. After his playing days, he served as the co-head basketball coach at his alma mater during the 1937–38 season. Smith was also the head baseball coach at Georgia from 1934 to 1937 and at the University of South Carolina from 1938 to 1939 and again from 1946 to 1947. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a player in 1979.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil Rights Movement encompasses social movements in the United States whose goal was to end racial segregation and discrimination against black Americans and enforce constitutional voting rights to them. The movement was characterized by major campaigns of civil resistance. Between 1955 and 1968, acts of nonviolent protest and civil disobedience produced crisis situations between activists and government authorities. Noted legislative achievements during this phase of the Civil Rights Movement were passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the Immigration and Nationality Services Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMills B. Lane began at Citizens Bank as a vice-president and director in 1891. In 1901, Lane became president of Citizens Bank. In 1906, Lane and his associates purchased Southern Bank of Georgia enabling them to merge the two banks as the new C\u0026amp;S Bank. The newly merged banks were officially named the Citizens and Southern Bank of Georgia. His son, Mills B. Lane, Jr. (1912-1989), served as president, vice-chairman and chairman between 1946 and 1973 and made C\u0026amp;S the South's largest bank as well as the most profitable of the 50 largest United States banks at the time.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSephardic Jews are the Jews of Spain, Portugal, North Africa and the Middle East and their descendants. The adjective “Sephardic” and corresponding nouns Sephardi (singular) and Sephardim (plural) are derived from the Hebrew word ‘Sepharad,’ which refers to Spain. Historically, the vernacular language of Sephardic Jews was Ladino, a Romance language derived from Old Spanish, incorporating elements from the old Romance languages of the Iberian Peninsula, Hebrew, Aramaic, and in the lands receiving those who were exiled, Ottoman Turkish, Arabic, Greek, Bulgarian and Serbo-Croatian vocabulary.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Temple, or ‘Hebrew Benevolent Congregation,’ is Atlanta’s oldest Jewish congregation. The cornerstone was laid on the Temple on Garnett Street in 1875. The dedication was held in 1877 and the Temple was located there until 1902. The Temple’s next location on Pryor Street was dedicated in 1902. The Temple’s current location in Midtown on Peachtree Street was dedicated in 1931. The main sanctuary is on the National Register of Historic Places.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Harry Epstein (1903-2003) was a native of Plunge, Lithuania who served as the rabbi of Ahavath Achim Synagogue in Atlanta, Georgia from 1928 to 1982. Under his leadership the congregation began to shift to Conservatism, which they adopted in 1952. Rabbi Epstein retired in 1982, becoming Rabbi Emeritus and Rabbi Arnold Goodman assumed the rabbinic post. He was educated in a yeshiva in Chicago, where his father was a rabbi, and in New York. He was ordained in 1926 after studying at the Slobodka Yeshiva in Lithuania and the Hebron Yeshiva in Palestine. In 1927, he became a pulpit rabbi at an Orthodox congregation in Tulsa, Oklahoma. In 1928, he took the rabbinate position at Ahavath Achim Congregation in Atlanta, Georgia, where he introduced a Sunday school, mixed seating of men and women, and the bat mitzvah ceremony for girls. He earned a B.A. Degree in Philosophy and an MA. Degree in Theology from Emory University in Atlanta and a Ph.D. Degree in Theology from the University of Illinois School of Law.  He was married to Reva (Rebecca) Chashesman and had two daughters.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi David Geffen (1938-) was ordained at Jewish Theological Seminary rabbinical school in 1965. Geffen immigrated to Israel in 1977 with his family. He writes for The Jerusalem Post, having published more than 350 articles and book reviews and another 75 in the World Zionist Press Service. He also authored the American Heritage Haggadah in 1992. Geffen returned to the US in 1993 to serve as rabbi of the Temple Israel congregation in Scranton, Pennsylvania, a position he held until 2003. David Geffen is the grandson of Tobias Geffen who was the rabbi of Congregation Shearith Israel in Atlanta, Georgia from 1910 to 1970.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Joseph Cohen received his training for the rabbinate in Turkey and accepted his first pulpit in Havana, Cuba in 1920, where he was spiritual leader of the Congregation Union Hebraic de Cuba. In 1934, he moved to Atlanta, Georgia, and was installed as Rabbi of Congregation Or VeShalom three days after his arrival. In addition to his rabbinical duties, he served as the teacher and principal of Or VeShalom's Hebrew school. Rabbi Cohen was also active at the Atlanta Bureau of Jewish Education, the Adult Institute of Jewish Studies, the Atlanta Jewish Federation, and was the first president of the Atlanta Rabbinical Association. Rabbi Cohen retired in 1969 and died in 1985.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the Written Torah and the Oral Law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays and more.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eZionism is a movement that supports a Jewish national state in the territory defined as the Land of Israel. Although Zionism existed before the nineteenth century, in the 1890’s Theodor Herzl popularized it and gave it a new urgency, as he believed that Jewish life in Europe was threatened and a State of Israel was needed. The State of Israel was established in 1948 and Zionism today is expressed as support for the continued existence of Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Council of Jewish Women is an organization of volunteers and advocates, founded in the 1890’s, who turn progressive ideals in advocacy and philanthropy inspired by Jewish values.  They strive to improve the quality of life for women, children and families.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Community Council, originally known as the ‘Council of Social Agencies,’ began in 1939 as an agency to coordinate all community services such as welfare, health, education and civic clubs. Over time the Community Council began to conceive, plans and start new agencies and task forces to meet community needs. It is made of up volunteers and professionals.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSam Massell, Jr. (b. 1927) is a native Atlantan and former commercial real estate broker who served from 1970 to 1974 as the 53rd mayor of Atlanta. He is the first Jewish mayor in his city's history. A lifelong Atlanta resident, Massell has had successful careers in real estate brokerage, elected office, tourism, and association management.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSidney J. Marcus (1928-1983) was a native Atlantan and a prominent politician. Marcus was a Georgia legislator from Atlanta's 26th district, now the 106th district, who served in the Georgia House of Representatives from 1968 until his death in 1983.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/annotation_set/428/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Temple on Peachtree Street in Atlanta, Georgia was bombed in the early morning hours of October 12, 1958.  About 50 sticks of dynamite were planted near the building and tore a huge hole in the wall. No one was injured in the bombing as it was during the night. Rabbi Jacob Rothschild was an outspoken advocate of civil rights and integration and friend of Martin Luther King Jr. Five men associated with the National States’ Rights Party, a white separatist group, were tried and acquitted in the bombing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=5220.0,5250.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/index/47777","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Alexander_Cecil [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/index/47777/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta roots","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=70.0,378.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/index/47777/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My Atlanta roots go back to 1848...","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=70.0,378.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/index/47777/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Aaron Alexander","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta (Ga.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Civil War","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family history","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Genealogy","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hardware store","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julius Alexander","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=70.0,378.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/index/47777/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Growing up in Atlanta","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=378.0,865.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/index/47777/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is sort of the kaleidoscope of some of the things that I felt as I grew up in the city, some of the places and events that I felt impacted me.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=378.0,865.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/index/47777/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Antisemitism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta (Ga.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Education","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish life","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leo Frank","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Public schools","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Coca-Cola Company","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=378.0,865.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/index/47777/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Discrimination and the civil rights movement","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=865.0,1655.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/index/47777/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't say this to tell you it blighted my life. It didn't, but it was there.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=865.0,1655.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/index/47777/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Antisemitism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta (Ga.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Citizens Advisory Committee for Urban Renewal","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Civil rights movement","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Integration","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mayor William Hartsfield","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Racism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Segregation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sexism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Status quo","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=865.0,1655.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/index/47777/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dick Rich","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058#t=1655.0,2030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35121/file/104058/index/47777/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I remember one encounter. 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