{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/xk84j0cv88/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Rosenfelder, Regine"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2002-11-12 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Rosenfelder, Regine (Interviewee)","Einstein, Ruth (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Legacy Project of Atlanta"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eRegine Rosenfelder was interviewed by Ruth Einstein in Atlanta, Georgia on November 12, 2002.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eRegine Rosenfelder, born Regina Dollmann, was a Jewish woman born on March 31, 1931 to parent’s Hertz Dollmann and Sally Roseblüte. Regine and her family grew up in Antwerp, Belgium, where her father and his family owned profitable businesses manufacturing men’s pants. Growing up, Regine had a happy childhood, vacationing every summer in Middelkerke, Belgium before the war. On the eve of World War II, Regine’s parents became increasingly worried about the war and fled Belgium for France, where they were shortly interned before going on to live in an abandoned railway station in the small town of Vicque, France. During this time, her father and uncles were called away to a French work camp. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAfter living in Vicque and learning some French, the Jewish organization, OSE, warned her aunts and mother that the Germans were beginning to invade France. They picked up Regine, her sister, Susie, and cousin Lucy and hid them in various Chateaus in the French countryside during the war. During this time, she lived in Chateau des Morelles, where she and the other children faced lackluster conditions with lice infestations. Later, Regine was moved through the Haute-Savoie region and to another children’s home named Saint-Paul, where she and the other children assumed new identities. Upon the French liberation in 1945, Regine was reunited with her mother, whom she lived with until moving back to Antwerp when she was 14. It was in Antwerp that she discovered that her aunt and father had been sent to the Auschwitz concentration camp and later died. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAfter readjusting to life in Belgium and obtaining citizenship, Regine had the opportunity to move to the United States with the sponsorship of her Uncle Charles. She, alongside her two younger cousins, Herbie and Freddie, immigrated to the United States in 1947. She enrolled in Bass High School, in Atlanta, Georgia and learned English with the help of her Aunt Lou. There, Regine was a part of the New World’s Club for Holocaust survivors, and met her future husband, John Rosenfelder. She graduated high school in 1950 and married Johnny on November 4.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eRegine and Johnny had two children, Cynthia Ellen Rosenfelder and Henry Fred Rosenfelder. Later in life, Regine remained heavily involved in Jewish life, a member of the Beth Jacob Synagogue in Atlanta and the Eternal Life-Hemshech. \u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003e At the beginning of the interview, Regine Rosenfelder introduces herself and her family background. On March 31, 1931, Regina Dollmann was born to her loving parents, Hertz Dollmann and Sally Roseblüte. Regine discusses what it was like to grow up surrounded by a large family, who vacationed, worked, and lived near one another in Antwerp, Belgium. Regine fondly remembers her favorite memories before the war, with her many cousins vacationing in Middelkerke, Belgium over the summer.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e Regine also discusses how her life changed following the beginning of World War II. Her family fled to France, where they lived in the small town of Vicque for some time. There, she learned French and eventually was taken into hiding by the OSE organization. Regine remembers the poor conditions that she and the other children lived in while in hiding, but ultimately reflects that these were actions that saved her life from German prosecution.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e Towards the end of the interview, Regine begins to depict her life after immigrating to America, where she met and married her husband, Johnny Rosenfelder. She later became a mother and stated that her immediate and extended family remained a core part of her life even after the war.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Regine Rosenfelder (1931-2023) (personal name)","John Rosenfelder (personal name)","Cynthia Ellen Rosenfelder (personal name)","Henry Fred Rosenfelder (personal name)","Sally Roseblüte (personal name)","Hellie Roseblüte (personal name)","Herbie Roseblüte (personal name)","Freddie Roseblüte (personal name)","David Roseblüte (personal name)","Hertz Dollmann (personal name)","Betty Roseblüte (personal name)","Lucy Roseblüte (personal name)","Sabine Roseblüte (personal name)","Manya Roseblüte (personal name)","Frieda Roseblüte (personal name)","Charles Rose (personal name)","Lou Rose (personal name)","Dr. Leon Gross (personal name)","Antwerp, Belgium (geographic term)","Yaroslav, Russia (geographic term)","France (geographic term)","Belgium (geographic term)","Poland (geographic term)","Austria (geographic term)","Switzerland (geographic term)","Vienna, Austria (geographic term)","Pelikaanstraat (geographic term)","Middelkerke (geographic term)","Vicque, France (geographic term)","Vichy, France (geographic term)","Château des Morelles (geographic term)","Haute-Savoie, France (geographic term)","Lausanne, Switzerland (geographic term)","Grenoble, France (geographic term)","Alsace-Lorraine, France (geographic term)","Saint-Claude, France (geographic term)","Toulon, France (geographic term)","Marseille, France (geographic term)","Fürth, Germany (geographic term)","Akron, Ohio (geographic term)","Frankfurt, Germany (geographic term)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","Boulevard (geographic term)","World War II, 1939-1945 (topical term)","World War I, 1914-1918 (topical term)","Shul (topical term)","Flemish (topical term)","Concentration Camp (topical term)","Penicillin (topical term)","Hebrew School (topical term)","Black Market (topical term)","Affidavit of Support and Sponsorship (topical term)","Synagogue (topical term)","Bar Mitzvah (topical term)","Shabbat (topical term)","Mikvah (topical term)","Korean War (topical term)","Auschwitz-Birkenau (Concentration camp) (topical term)","Auschwitz II / Birkenau (Concentration camp) (topical term)","Fort Bragg (topical term)","Yom Kippur (topical term)","U.S. Military Draft (topical term)","Social Security (topical term)","Naturalization (topical term)","GI Bill (topical term)","Yiddish (topical term)","Hemshech (topical term)","Hadassah (topical term)","OSE [Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants] (corporate name)","Bass High School (corporate name)","Grady High School (corporate name)","Beth Jacob Synagogue (corporate name)","New World's Club (corporate name)","Georgia Institute of Technology / Georgia Tech (corporate name)","Sommers and Sommers (corporate name)","Southeastern Eye Care (corporate name)","Thomas Eye Group (corporate name)","Antisemitism Pre-World War II Poland (other)","Pre-World War II Jewish life in Belgium (other)","Jewish Population of Belgium (other)","Jewish Population in France (other)","Concentration Camps in France (other)","Liberation in World War II France","Resistance in France (other)","German-Jewish Emigration 1930s-1940s (other)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eRegine Rosenfelder was interviewed by Ruth Einstein in Atlanta, Georgia on November 12, 2002.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRegine Rosenfelder, born Regina Dollmann, was a Jewish woman born on March 31, 1931 to parent\u0026rsquo;s Hertz Dollmann and Sally Rosebl\u0026uuml;te. Regine and her family grew up in Antwerp, Belgium, where her father and his family owned profitable businesses manufacturing men\u0026rsquo;s pants. Growing up, Regine had a happy childhood, vacationing every summer in Middelkerke, Belgium before the war. On the eve of World War II, Regine\u0026rsquo;s parents became increasingly worried about the war and fled Belgium for France, where they were shortly interned before going on to live in an abandoned railway station in the small town of Vicque, France. During this time, her father and uncles were called away to a French work camp.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAfter living in Vicque and learning some French, the Jewish organization, OSE, warned her aunts and mother that the Germans were beginning to invade France. They picked up Regine, her sister, Susie, and cousin Lucy and hid them in various Chateaus in the French countryside during the war. During this time, she lived in Chateau des Morelles, where she and the other children faced lackluster conditions with lice infestations. Later, Regine was moved through the Haute-Savoie region and to another children\u0026rsquo;s home named Saint-Paul, where she and the other children assumed new identities. Upon the French liberation in 1945, Regine was reunited with her mother, whom she lived with until moving back to Antwerp when she was 14. It was in Antwerp that she discovered that her aunt and father had been sent to the Auschwitz concentration camp and later died.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAfter readjusting to life in Belgium and obtaining citizenship, Regine had the opportunity to move to the United States with the sponsorship of her Uncle Charles. She, alongside her two younger cousins, Herbie and Freddie, immigrated to the United States in 1947. She enrolled in Bass High School, in Atlanta, Georgia and learned English with the help of her Aunt Lou. There, Regine was a part of the New World\u0026rsquo;s Club for Holocaust survivors, and met her future husband, John Rosenfelder. She graduated high school in 1950 and married Johnny on November 4.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eRegine and Johnny had two children, Cynthia Ellen Rosenfelder and Henry Fred Rosenfelder. Later in life, Regine remained heavily involved in Jewish life, a member of the Beth Jacob Synagogue in Atlanta and the Eternal Life-Hemshech.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;At the beginning of the interview, Regine Rosenfelder introduces herself and her family background. On March 31, 1931, Regina Dollmann was born to her loving parents, Hertz Dollmann and Sally Rosebl\u0026uuml;te. Regine discusses what it was like to grow up surrounded by a large family, who vacationed, worked, and lived near one another in Antwerp, Belgium. Regine fondly remembers her favorite memories before the war, with her many cousins vacationing in Middelkerke, Belgium over the summer.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;Regine also discusses how her life changed following the beginning of World War II. Her family fled to France, where they lived in the small town of Vicque for some time. There, she learned French and eventually was taken into hiding by the OSE organization. Regine remembers the poor conditions that she and the other children lived in while in hiding, but ultimately reflects that these were actions that saved her life from German prosecution.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;Towards the end of the interview, Regine begins to depict her life after immigrating to America, where she met and married her husband, Johnny Rosenfelder. She later became a mother and stated that her immediate and extended family remained a core part of her life even after the war.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/247/510/small/Rosenfelder_Regina.mp4_1722870951.jpg?1722870952","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Rosenfelder_Regina.mp4"]},"duration":7178.586,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/247/510/small/Rosenfelder_Regina.mp4_1722870951.jpg?1722870952","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/247/510/original/Rosenfelder_Regina.mp4?1722870947","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":7178.586,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Rosenfelder, Regine [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Okay, so I'll just ask you. Can you tell me your name, your name at birth,\nand where you were born?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=0.0,13.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: Okay. My name is Regine. It's Regine Rosenfelder, and I was born in\nAntwerp [Belgium]. My name was, originally, Regina Dollmann.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=13.0,26.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Can you spell that name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=26.0,29.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: It's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=29.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"D-O-L-L-M-A-N-N. Regina, of course, is R-E-G-I-N-A, and I was born\nin Antwerp, Belgium, on March 21st, 1931. Did you need to know my parents name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=30.0,43.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Tell me your parents names and tell me a little bit about how they ended\nup in Antwerp and what they were doing there. Your parents' names first?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=43.0,58.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: My mother's name is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=58.0,61.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sally. Sally Roseblüte, with two little dots over\nthe U. She met my father in Poland. His name is Hertz Dollmann. They married . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=61.0,74.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: . . . Where in Poland? Do you know?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=74.0,79.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: Well, my father is from Yaroslavl [Russia]. My mother is from\n[indistinct: 01:28: possibly 'Romanov']. I think that they're both little hick\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=79.0,91.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"towns. They were introduced to each other and married . . . I believe they\nmarried . . . I'm really not sure where they married. If they're married in\nPoland or in Austria. Then they came to Belgium, and I can't tell you what year\nthey came.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=91.0,113.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Did they ever talk to you about what their lives were like in Poland, and\nwhy they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=113.0,121.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"decided to go from Poland to Austria?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=121.0,124.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: No. They have never told us that. Things were really not good over\nthere. I think my grandfather came first, checked it out, to see, you know . . .\nDavid Roseblüte . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=124.0,139.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: . . . To Vienna?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=139.0,141.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: To Vienna. Then, Mother worked there when she was a teenager . . . when\nshe was out of school . . . she ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=141.0,151.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"worked in an office in Austria and met my\nfather. I don't know the reason, and I don't know who came first to Belgium,\nbecause this is all very confusing and I never really got a good story on that.\nMy story starts in Antwerp, and that's about all I know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=151.0,176.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: What do you remember about the early years in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=176.0,181.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Antwerp? You said that your\nfather had a pants factory?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=181.0,186.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: Yes. They were in business with the rest of the uncles. They had one big\nstore where they manufactured men's pants. It was under the arcade, under the\nrailroad tracks. They had . . . on the Pelikaanstraat in Antwerp, this is where\nthey had a big store. Then, [when] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=186.0,211.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my father split with the rest of the family\nand opened up his own store right next door. Big competition! [He] went on his\nown and had the store until the war broke out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=211.0,228.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: And what do you remember about those early years in Antwerp?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=228.0,234.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: They were wonderful years. It was a vacation every year at the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=234.0,241.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"beach.\nAll the women and the children, the families . . . We were all together. We all\nwent to Middelkerke [Belgium]. This was the place where we always went. We\nstayed for three months. Our dads would come and visit us on the weekend. I had\na wonderful life and my childhood was a real happy one. Of course, I remember\nwhen my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=241.0,271.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sister was born. I was six years old then. My father was an exceptional\nman. He had the patience and he would just take me to children's toys . . . he\nhad a wholesale[r], a friend that was in the wholesale business [with] toys . .\n. he would take me there, and I could pick anything I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=271.0,301.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wanted. Yes, it was a good life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=301.0,303.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: How would you describe your family's . . . at that point in their lives .\n. . their Jewish affiliation? Or was there a Jewish community there in Antwerp,\nor did they . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=303.0,316.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: Oh, yes. There was a big Jewish community in Antwerp. We would go to\nshul . . . there was a little shul on Kievitstraat . . . Oh, well, I remember it\nbeing so old fashioned, such a small little ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=316.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"synagogue. The women would be\nupstairs, you know, we would be looking down. Us kids would be looking down at\nthe men. We were going there for the holidays. My grandparents lived upstairs\nfrom us in the same house, and we were really close. We were close with the\nwhole family. We would always get together with the cousins, the aunts, and the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"uncles and and we just . . . I have a lot of wonderful memories about family\ngatherings that we had before the war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=360.0,369.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: What's your favorite memory of those family gatherings?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=369.0,372.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: My favorite were my cousins. We were . . . we would just play. They\nwould come over and we would line up little chairs. We would just turn them\nover, we would make trains, we were playing [in] the backyard. We would make all\nkinds of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=372.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"alleys, all kinds of things. It's really . . . my most pleasant\nmemories are the ones where the kids get together, where we all enjoy just being\ntogether as a family.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=390.0,404.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: When did things change for your family, or what was your first indication\nfrom your parents that things might be getting difficult?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=404.0,414.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: When they were hovering over the radio. We . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=414.0,419.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They would be listening\nto the news all the time. I didn't understand what was going on. Then, it was\ngetting very serious around the house. Then, of course, in 1939 and 1940, when\nthey were talking about leaving and the Germans coming. Also, the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=419.0,449.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sirens. We had\nto make arrangements to go down in the basement. We spent a lot of time in the\nbasement. They were talking about war and I remember being in the basement and\nwe would have piles of potatoes on one end of that basement and piles of coal on\nthe other. They were talking about a war, that the war was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=449.0,479.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"breaking out and that\nthe bombs were coming down. I couldn't understand what was happening, because I\nwas looking through the basement window . . . we had these little windows where\nyou could see the sidewalk and above. The sun was shining and I couldn't\nunderstand why there [was] a war and the sun is shining? If there's a war, that\nmeans something is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=479.0,509.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bad, so why isn't it raining? I was associating the . . . for\nsome reason . . . the weather with the war. It was the time of year . . . it was\nin may, so it was really warming up, coming close to the summer. This is when\nthe war broke out and we made preparations to leave Belgium, to go to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=509.0,539.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"France,\nwhere [it] would be safe. Where we thought the Germans wouldn't follow us.\nBelgium became occupied, and we were really preparing to leave.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=539.0,552.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Tell me the sequence then. In what year or what time did you actually hear\nyour parents say we are moving?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=552.0,564.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: That was in 1940. We left.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=564.0,568.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: How did that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=568.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"happen?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=570.0,571.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: Well, before that . . . I have a birthday in March, and at that time,\nthings were not that serious. I wanted a pair of roller skates. My big wish was\nto get a pair of roller skates. My father fought me and did not want to get ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=571.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me\nroller skates. He just knew I would hurt myself. Finally, finally he gave in and\nI did get what I wanted. Then suddenly, when things changed and the war broke\nout, they said \"We need to take just a few things.\" I couldn't believe that I\ncouldn't take my roller skates. I only could take the things that would go on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my\nback. These roller skates were so heavy and I had to leave them. I had to leave\nthose roller skates behind. We packed up and then we had a little dog. Her name\nwas Molly. I just loved that dog. I didn't know what was going to happen with\nher. We left the house with just the things that we had on our ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"backs. I don't\nknow what kind of suitcase my mother had, but this was the only thing that I\nhad, whatever they put on . . . book sack. We went on to . . . In Antwerp, to\ncatch the train . . . the railroad station. Our little dog followed us. In the\ntrain station there are a lot of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"steps going up to the platform where you catch\nthe trains and the dog was following us all the way. Then, going up the steps, I\nturned around and my dog wasn't there anymore. All along I kept saying, \"What's\ngoing to happen to my dog?\" Nobody gave me an answer. Then suddenly my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dog\ndisappeared and the weight of this backpack . . . I almost fell backwards . . .\nbeing upset about losing this animal that I really was attached to. That was\nthat. We went on to the trains and then took the trains. Of course, at that\ntime, we didn't know where we were really ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"heading for . . . We were hoping that\nwe were heading [to] France. The trains finally left and most of the family had\nmet up at the same time. We started to move, then the bombs were coming. The\ntrains were stopping, and we had to change trains. We had to go out of the\ntrains ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because we were afraid that the . . . they were afraid that the bombs\nwere going to hit the train. Then we saw cities that were on fire, as we were\ngoing through the different towns. You could see where the bombs had fallen and\nfires. Then we got to France and we were interned. Everybody was put into a\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"warehouse somewhere. I can't tell you what it was because I can't remember. I\nknow we were all together in this tremendous area. From there, we wound up in a\nlittle town named Vichy . . . I mean, Vique. Not Vichy. It was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"V-I-C-Q-U-E,\nVicque in France. There, most of our family were together. We had a big house\nthere. My grandparents were there also. They had a little house that was right\nacross the street. Vicque was a very small, little town. Right? Little country\ntown. All together in this ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tremendous house, each family had their own bedroom.\nIt was a nice little place to be, but we didn't stay there very long.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=870.0,879.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Can I go back for just one second? I wanted to clarify something. Had\nBelgium already been occupied by the time you left?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=879.0,888.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: It was . . . Yes, it was . . . occupied in 1940. Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=888.0,894.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Were Jews forced to wear any kind of badge?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=894.0,898.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: No, we didn't wear anything ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=898.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"yet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=900.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Your travel wasn't restricted yet? You could buy a ticket, get on a train,\nand go?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=900.0,907.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: Yes, we bought the ticket, and got on the train.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=907.0,912.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Okay, so go back now to . . . in Vicque, how your life . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=912.0,920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: In Vicque we went to school. It was a little school. My cousins and I\nwent to school. One of my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=920.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"aunts . . . Lucy, my cousin, Lucy's mother . . . was\nexpecting a baby. She walked and it was time for her to have a baby. She walked\nall the way to the next little town, because there was no hospital in Vicque.\nShe walked to . . . I can't remember the name of the town, but I'm sure my\ncousin remembers it, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lucy. She . . . Betty was born in one of the nuns hospitals\nthere that had nuns. They named her Beatrice and the nuns were very happy with\nthat name. Anyhow, she was born there. We went on without going to school. It\nwas Lucy and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"myself . . . my sister was only four years old. We had fun. It was\n. . . a good life. It was good. Primitive, you know, but we had . . . the\nbathroom was outside in the backyard. It's like a little outhouse. Somehow kids\nmake the best of things, you know? Of course, in the school, we had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trouble\nbecause we didn't speak French. We were speaking Flemish. We had to learn\nFrench. We didn't always understand what the teacher was saying, and we\nmisbehaved sometimes. When that happened, they would call us right in front of\nthe class. In those days, you had a ruler. The teacher would call you in front\nof the class and you would have to put your fingers up, and he would just slam\nit with this little ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ruler. You knew not to do this the next time. But . . .\neverything was okay, until suddenly we got the news that the men [were] going to\nneed to go to a French work camp. They were interned. All the men left, and they\nwere put into French work ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"camps. At one point, all of us went to [Indistinct:\n18:05: possibly 'Confrema'], which is a work camp . . . a French work camp, but\nI can't remember the sequence of it. We were there a very short time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1080.0,1098.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Did you go to visit or were you sent there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1098.0,1103.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: We were sent there. All of us. The whole family was taken and sent to\nthis ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1103.0,1111.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"camp in France.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1111.0,1113.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Your father was gone already?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1113.0,1116.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: No, Father went also with us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1116.0,1120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1120.0,1121.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: Somehow we didn't stay there very long. We came back, the women came\nback, and the men stayed there. But, they let us go. When we came back, we came\nback to Vicque, and we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1121.0,1141.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"moved into a railroad station. An abandoned railroad\nstation, just outside of Vicque. All of us . . . and that was Lucy, Lucy's\nmother, and the baby, Betty. That was a baby . . . My aunt Sabine, Frieda,\nMother and I, and my sister. We were all living together in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1141.0,1171.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this abandoned\nrailroad station. Grandpa and . . . Grandpa was there, too. Grandpa and Grandma\n. . . We were raising chickens and rabbits. We had . . . at this railroad\nstation, they had these toilets . . . we had closed that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1171.0,1201.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up and made things for\nthe rabbits. [These were] our cages! Then we raised the rabbits and we had\nchickens. We grew potatoes, vegetables, and things. We had the supplies,\neverything that we had to sustain us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1201.0,1215.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Your house had been taken over by the time you got back?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1215.0,1220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: We couldn't go back to that house, no.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1220.0,1223.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Do you remember any . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1223.0,1226.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: . . . It wasn't safe for us to be at that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1226.0,1231.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"house. We were . . . we wanted\n. . . needed to be away from the main area of town.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1231.0,1239.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Do you remember why exactly or what you were told?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1239.0,1243.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: Just in case the Germans came. Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1243.0,1246.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Where in France is Vicque? What area?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1246.0,1249.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: Vicque is near Vichy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1249.0,1251.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: This is south . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1251.0,1254.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: . . . South. South of France.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1254.0,1257.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Supposedly unoccupied","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1257.0,1258.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: Right, it was still unoccupied. But, it was dangerous. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1258.0,1262.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We stayed away\nfrom the main area, but we still went to school. We traveled through the woods.\nI mean, we went a long way in order to go to school. We stayed pretty much by\nourselves there. I can't tell you how long we were there, but it was a pretty\ngood ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1262.0,1292.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"while because, then all of a sudden, things changed. We got the news that\nwe needed to leave. A scout came and picked us up. At that time, it was like the\norganization . . . I am sure that it was a OSE, O-S-E, the Œuvre de secours aux\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1292.0,1322.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"enfants . . . It's the organization that had formed to rescue children, the\nJewish children in France. It was decided that we would leave. At that time, it\nwas my cousin, Lucy, myself, and my sister. They came and picked us up. For some\nreason, everything always happened during the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1322.0,1352.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"night. It was always dark when\nthey would come and get us. All the women, our mothers, aunts, and cousins . . .\nFrieda was a grown adult at the time . . . Frieda is my aunt Sabine's daughter.\nThe three of them left to go to work in individual ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1352.0,1382.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"homes. They were placed in\nindividual homes to work in different cities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1382.0,1387.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Were they given false papers?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1387.0,1390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: They were given false papers to more or less disappear. Lucy's mother .\n. . Aunt Manya, Manya is her name . . . and Betty, because Betty was an infant,\nshe was just a baby . . . Couldn't come with us because she was too ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1390.0,1412.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"young.\nLucy's mother had to place the baby in the care of a French family. They had\nmade out that, she would go on with the baby and they would meet up with the\nrest of . . . with my mother, my aunt, and my cousin . . . that they would meet\nup. She went on her ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1412.0,1442.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"way and went to this little town where she was told to place\nthe baby, but she couldn't find the house. She couldn't find her way to that\nfamily. She stopped . . . at a police station and ask[ed] [for] directions. That\nwas her big mistake. They directed her ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1442.0,1472.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to where the family lived, she dropped\noff the baby, she came back, and as she headed for the station to meet up with\nmy mother, my aunt, and cousin, the Germans arrested her and then sent her to\n[a] concentration camp. Of course, she never survived. We . . . the kids . . .\nwere taken to Château des ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1472.0,1502.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Morelles, which was set up by OSE. They had so many\ndifferent homes all in France . . . they had, I think, 14 castles . . . set up\nto save . . . to put the children in. We stayed there. My Aunt Hellie . . . my\ntwo cousins also came with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1502.0,1532.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"us. Herbie and Freddie. My Aunt Hellie stayed in\nVicque. She went into hiding in a house . . . next to a friend of ours. His name\nwas Roget. They had a house next door that was empty. My aunt went into the\nbasement and closed herself up ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1532.0,1562.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there. Roget was the only person that would\nsupply her with the food and all the things she needed to survive. She stayed\nthere in hiding [for] quite a while. In the meantime, all the men . . . by the\nway, while we were at la gare [French: \"the train station\"], or the railroad\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1562.0,1592.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"station, while we were living there, our dads could come to visit us because it\nwas still a . . . French work camp. They would come on certain times, they would\ncome and visit us. I think they did that a couple of times. Then, of course,\nthey were sent away when the families . . . when we found out that they were\nsent away to concentration ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1592.0,1622.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"camp, this is when all this movement started. Our\nmothers went into hiding and all that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1622.0,1627.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: How did they . . . How did your mothers find out where they had been\ntaken? Or did they find out?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1627.0,1634.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: They found out that they were sent away to Germany, that they were sent\naway from the camp. That the Germans took them?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1634.0,1641.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Did you ever find out what happened?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1641.0,1643.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: Yes, I do. In fact, I have the papers. I know exactly which convoy my\nfather was in. The same with Lucy's father and mother. I have it, I have the\npapers that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1643.0,1653.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"prove that . . . which convoy . . . the Germans were very particular\nwith their documentation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1653.0,1663.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Where was . . . Where were they taken?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1663.0,1669.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: They were taken to Auschwitz. Of course, years later, I found out,\n[from] somebody that survived, that my father died from poisoning. He ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1669.0,1683.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ate some\ntype of a root. Some type of vegetable or something that caused him to have\nblood poisoning, and he just died. He died of that. Not, you know, in the ovens.\nYes, we stayed in Château des Morelles. It ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1683.0,1713.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was good and it was bad. It was good\nbecause we were all Jewish kids. This is where I learned Hebrew and learned to\nread Hebrew. We would have classes . . . learning to translate Hebrew. This is\nwhere I learned my prayers. We would have classes outside and it was very nice.\nThe bad ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1713.0,1743.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"things were that we really didn't have the right people to take care of\nus. We had . . . we were covered with lice. The food was terrible. There were\ndays when we would be served food that we were forced to eat that was so bad\nthat the children would throw up. They would throw up after they were through\neating and throw up ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1743.0,1773.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all over. All over the place, all over the steps, all over\nthe place. It was a terrible day. It was sick. I remember one certain thing and\nI will never forget this. They would serve us cooked poireau [French: \"Leek''].\nIt's called leek here in the United States. Every time I look at this vegetable,\nI remember as a child being forced to eat cooked ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1773.0,1803.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"leek. They would put this on my\nplate, they would watch me, and I couldn't eat it. I could not eat it. I would\ntake it . . . I thought nobody was watching me . . . take it with my fork and I\npassed it onto the kid next to me. Of course, they saw me. It came back to my\nplate. To this day, I would not touch ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1803.0,1833.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"poireau [French: \"Leek\"] for nothing.\nThere were little things that you remember. I remember my aunt coming, my Aunt\nHellie from Vicque. Somehow, she found a way to come and see us. She wanted to\nsee the kids because both of her little sons were there, too. She would bring us\neggs. She would bring us eggs and we never ate eggs. We were just so ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1833.0,1863.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thrilled to\nhave an egg. We even . . . We opened it and just drank a raw egg. I just can't\neven imagine that we did this. We would go to the country with a sign, a couple\nof kids, and we would go and get milk for the rest of the kids in the home. We\nwould have to do that at night. We would go to a farmer and bring these heavy .\n. . Heavy metal . . . I don't know what you call ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1863.0,1893.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them . . . Containers of milk\nand bring it back to the home. That was the story there. One day, we . . .\nsomebody came and got the three of us, Susie, Lucy and I, and took us to\n[indistinct: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1893.0,1923.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"31:54]. Actually there, my mother, aunt Sabine, and Frieda stayed\nin this luxurious home. They were maids there. My Aunt Sabine was a baker, and\nshe was a cook there. It was really a high class Jewish family that could afford\nto have the maids and everything. My mother would take care of an elderly lady\nthere. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1923.0,1953.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They brought us there to spend the summer, so they'd get us out of this\nchildren['s] home and brought us there. That was such a wonderful place. I\nremember playing the piano, they cleaned us up, and they brought . . . gave us\nclothes. This is where I did most of my reading. I would just read French books\nand the stories of d'Artagnan, The Three ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1953.0,1983.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Musketeers, all that. Oh, it was such a\nwonderful place. It only lasted four weeks. Then the Germans were coming and we\nhad to leave. Someone came again . . . it's like magic. These people appeared,\nrescued us, and took us away so that my mother and my aunt could go to different\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1983.0,2013.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"places again without us kids. We were placed . . . I remember walking and\nwalking. Walking for miles, to the woods to get up into the mountains to a\nchildren's home in Haute-Savoie [France]. That was Saint Paul. Saint Paul was\nthe name of that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=2013.0,2043.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children's home. That was . . . cold, freezing. We were way,\nway up in the French mountains there. We would go outside and stand on a rock.\nWe would look over the lac de Genève [French: \"Lake Geneva\"] and see\nSwitzerland. We would see the lights at night of . . . Lausanne [Switzerland].\nWe were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=2043.0,2073.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just wishing that we could swim across, because we seem to be so close\nto Switzerland. It was just . . . but we stayed there. I can't tell you how\nlong. I know one thing is that it was very cold. Evidently we started to become\nvery undernourished. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=2073.0,2103.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"developed not only . . . well, [I] recovered with\nhorrible lice, but I developed infections in my toes that were just a nightmare.\nI couldn't get anybody to come near me because I wouldn't let them touch my\ntoes. We didn't have anybody to take care of us, medically . . . that we didn't\nhave any medical help. I'm surprised, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=2103.0,2133.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nowadays, if you don't have penicillin, or\n. . . some antibiotic, that, right away you think, \"Oh, okay. You're going to\nhave a blood infection.\" I'm surprised we . . . didn't have a blood infection\nwith all the . . . these horrible things that were going on with infections in\nour bodies. Yet we never took any medication to cure that. To help it heal. It\nwas so cold in that children's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=2133.0,2163.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"home. If we had a bed . . . I remember having an\nempty bed next to me and we had these thin little mattresses that we were\nsleeping on. I would take the mattress of that little twin bed and pull it over\nme, pull that mattress over me. I was covered with the warm being covered\nbetween the mattress[es] . . . the mattress at the bottom and the mattress at\nthe top in order to keep ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=2163.0,2193.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"warm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=2193.0,2193.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: Can I ask you . . . Did you feel responsible for taking care of Susie\nwhile you were there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=2193.0,2203.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: Susie was always . . . Susie was hooked up to my hip. She was always\nwith me, always with my hand, always dragging her along as I was dragging my\nlittle sister.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=2203.0,2219.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: How did you deal with it? With the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=2219.0,2223.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"uncertainty of whether you would ever\nsee your parents again or what that situation with your parents, or worrying\nabout where they were.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=2223.0,2232.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: At that time, I wasn't . . . I don't remember worrying about it. I had\nthe picture of my mother, my father, and me. I always had it there so I wouldn't\nforget them. Wherever . . . I had the little bracket of some kind, I had their\npicture . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=2232.0,2253.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there. We left there and we went to a little town named Grenoble\n[France]. There, this . . . they changed our names. We went to a convent there.\nWe all gathered in the convent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=2253.0,2271.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: By \"We all\" is that all the people in the children's home?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=2271.0,2278.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: These are all the people from that home right. We all ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=2278.0,2284.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"left and came to\nthat convent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=2284.0,2287.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: About what year was that? Let me place it . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=2287.0,2293.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: It might have been 1942. 1942, 1943.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=2293.0,2297.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: In the middle of the war still?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=2297.0,2301.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: Right in the middle of the war. It was really bad then. We . . . They\nplaced us in the convent. From there they took little ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=2301.0,2315.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"groups of us. They've\nchanged our names. My name [was] Renee and my sister's name was Suzanne. But,\nher name was Susie anyhow, so it wasn't too much of a change. My cousin's name\nwas Louise . . . everything became French. They told us that we weren't born in\nAntwerp, we were born in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=2315.0,2345.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Alsace-Lorraine [France]. Anyhow, they took us at\nlittle groups to test us. I remember being in this little shop, and I was so\nintrigued with all these wonderful cards and things . . . a little card shop.\nThen, the counselor . . . or whoever it was that was with us . . . she started\nto call my name and she was saying, \"Renee, Renee, Renee, Renee, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=2345.0,2375.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Renee!\" Who is\nshe calling? It was really testing us because it just didn't sink in that my\nname wasn't ready. [It was] so funny, this is how they trained us . . . to take\nus out like that. We were placed, from there . . . in other little towns.\nGrenoble was the base. The ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=2375.0,2405.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"convent was the base. Everybody was taken out. Now,\nmy sister and I went to [indistinct: 40:07: possibly 'Tulare']. It's a little .\n. . really, a small little town. This lady was keeping other children. She was\nkeeping babies, too . . . keeping other children. We went there and it was a\nbeautiful little ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=2405.0,2435.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"chalet , but this was a very old lady. I don't know if it was\njust because I was young that she . . . to me, she looked old. She probably\nwasn't older than 40, but in a child's eyes, everything is different. We were\nabout six or seven kids there. She took care of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=2435.0,2465.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"us, but also didn't take care of\nus very well. We would go and work in the field picking grapes. See, so it must\nhave been September [or] October and my little sister . . . her hands would get\n. . . it was cold already . . . her hands were just completely cracked from the\ncold. We would just pick the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=2465.0,2495.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grapes for a farmer . . . I mean, they would send\nthese kids out to help. My situation started to get even worse than with\ninfections. Boils, I would get these boils, and they would have to be lanced,\nand it was very painful. The lice situation was a nightmare. With my hair, I\nwould get ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=2495.0,2525.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"crusts in my head. It was . . . I was covered with infections. I\nhelped her take care of the babies and do the different chores. By that time, I\nwas already desperate. I thought \"I'll never see my mother ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=2525.0,2555.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"again.\" Then things\nstarted to get very serious. They kept saying, \"Oh, you have to hide everything\nthat you own. Anything with paperwork that has an address. You have to bury it,\"\nbecause if the Germans come and they find these papers, they would go and get\nwhoever's address it is. They would go after them. I had the addresses of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=2555.0,2585.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where\nmy mother was. Somehow, I had a postcard of an old address, and I decided that\neven though they said not to write, I'm going to write. I'm going to send a card\nto my mother so that she would know where we are. Because I thought she would\nnever find us . . . up [in] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=2585.0,2615.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nowhere land she would never find us anymore, and we\nwould be living there forever. I mailed a card. Mailed a card. We had to go to\ntown. We were up in the mountains in the little chalet, and this lady would send\nme down to the city of Tulare to get our ration of bread. I would mail the card,\n[get] the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=2615.0,2645.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ration of bread, and [come] back. I remember the bread situation. We\nwould get . . . I would always hope that you would get it by weight, so we would\nget a big bread. Then you would get another little piece to go with it, because\nthat was the total weight of what you were allowed to have. If we got the big\nbread and just a small piece, it was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=2645.0,2675.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"okay. I could manage to eat that on the way\nup. This last time, I got this bread and then I got this big piece. I thought to\nmyself, \"Now, if I start eating it, I have to eat the whole thing.\" I was so\nhungry and it was such a long way up to the mountains. Well, I started to eat\nthe bread and I sat down . . . funny, I sat down under a tree. I had to finish\nthis ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=2675.0,2705.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bread! Anyhow, I did. I mean, it didn't [ever] occur to me to even drop it\nor leave it or not eat it, because it was so precious. Yes, this is how we lived\nat that time, doing the chores and all that. Then, one day . . . 1944, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=2705.0,2735.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1945, I\nthink, I don't know if it's 1944 or 1945 when the liberation started. Suddenly,\nall of a sudden my mother appeared. She had gotten the address of where we were.\nAll the papers were destroyed. I don't know how she even ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=2735.0,2765.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"got the address of\nwhere we were. Children were placed throughout France and then were lost because\nthe papers were gone, the records. Through OSE, somehow . . . I never know to\nthis day if it was because she received my card and my card was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=2765.0,2795.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"forwarded from\naddress, to address, to address where this family knew where my mother was\nplaced next. After this family, she left that family, they knew where she was\nplaced after that and it followed her . . . Did she get the address of where we\nwere and which little town we were in? She came and she saw what situation we\nwere in, what ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=2795.0,2825.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"condition we were in, and she desperately tried to make\narrangements to get us out of there. At that time, my aunt Sabine and Frieda\nwere already in Haute-Savoie. They were up in Saint Paul, also in the upper\nelevation of France. They were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=2825.0,2855.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"living . . . had rented a room and everything.\nShe made arrangements for us to be taken away from Tulare and brought to my aunt\nuntil she [could] make arrangements. She was taking care of kids of the family\ntoo and she also had to make arrangements to get together with my aunt. Then the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=2855.0,2885.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"OSE made the arrangements to pick us up and took us to san . . . what is it? To\nSaint-Claude [France]. We were warmly welcomed. Of course, they took care of us\nthere. They had a little room and Mother came right . . . it didn't take very\nlong for my mother to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=2885.0,2915.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"come. We had a room in a basement that they let us use. I\nremember we had the bedroom and right next to that basement was a cooler where\nthere were aging cheeses. In France, you had these big cheese rolls, that they\nwere aging. That was next to us. Then we had this little ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=2915.0,2945.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"room in this basement\nthat was very dark. It only had one bed in there, so the three of us were\nsleeping in one bed. We were glad to be together and going over to my aunt who\nwas staying with this wonderful woman that had made arrangements for them to be\ncomfortable there. We would have our meals with them. Their . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=2945.0,2975.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Our hair was\ncut off. We started to get treated . . . to come back to normalcy. We started to\ngo back to school, and that was pretty bad because with all my hair cut off, I\nwas just the odd one. Because this was . . . up [in] France, [they] didn't have\ntoo many ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=2975.0,3005.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish people there. They didn't really have any families that were in\nthe situation that we were in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3005.0,3011.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Can I go back just a little bit? I wonder whether you could tell me what\nwas going through your mind when you realized that for you, the war was over?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3011.0,3022.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: Well, you mean coming back with my aunt?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3022.0,3025.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Well, when you . . . was there a day when someone came to you and said,\n\"The war is over.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3025.0,3033.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: Well, when my mother ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3033.0,3035.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came. This is when I found out the war is over. It\nwas still very scary because we were just in limbo. What's going to happen to\nus? How do we get to my aunt? What's happening with Mother? Where is everybody?\nWe were lost in space. Besides being ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3035.0,3065.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"completely sick and neglected, I have no\nidea what's going to happen to us. When this man came to take us to my aunt, we\nstayed in a hotel overnight. At that time, I was so scared. He stayed in the\nsame room as my sister and I. I was afraid to close my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3065.0,3095.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"eyes because I was afraid\nthat something was going to happen to me and my sister. This stranger is in my\nroom, and I didn't trust him here. He tried to . . . he was saving us, but yet,\nI had all my . . . I was afraid. I was afraid all the way up, going to my aunt.\nI was . . . I never really felt ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3095.0,3125.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"safe. It was . . . it left a lot of scars. Then\nwhen I went back to school, everybody made fun of me because my hair was cut\noff. I didn't know why. I just looked odd. I had this scarf that I had to wear\nuntil everything started to get normal again. My ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3125.0,3155.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mother . . . yes, we were\ntrying to make a living, to earn some money. I remember I was making little\nelectrical things, putting them together and doing the little piecework. This\nwas what was happening there, before we left.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3155.0,3175.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Was there ever any sense for you, or even a fleeting thought that you\nwould rather be in danger with your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3175.0,3185.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mother than being . . . I guess you could\nalmost interpret it as a child of being abandoned. I mean for children, the\nworst thing in the world is to be separated from a parent. That's the essential\ningredient of childhood as being with your parents. Did you ever have any\nthoughts about that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3185.0,3206.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: You know that I never I never thought that I was being abandoned. This,\nsomehow, it was just . . . I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3206.0,3215.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"put there to save our lives. Eventually I knew\nthat we would get together. I don't know. This is not something that I can\nremember as a fear that I had, of being abandoned. No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3215.0,3231.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Was that because of what your mother told you? What did she tell you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3231.0,3238.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: Well, I don't remember what she told us, but we had to go ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3238.0,3245.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there to save\nour lives. We had to be there. We had to be in this children['s] home. We have\nto be in this children['s] home. We were just going through the motions of\nsomebody just taking us . . . to a safe place. It was just going from one safe\nplace that didn't become safe to another place that was safer for us. I didn't\nthink my mother would abandon us. No, I never had that thought. Because I knew\nthat ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3245.0,3275.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if it was possible for us to find us, I was afraid that she would not know\nwhere we were. That's why I wrote the card. That's why I sent the address that I\nwasn't supposed to . . . because the Germans could have found us, with . . . my\naddress there. But it was important [to] me that she would know. I was hoping\nthat she ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3275.0,3305.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would get it, because that was the only thing that was worrying me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3305.0,3310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: It sounds to me like you had this tremendous, complex organization of\npeople, the Jewish organization of OSE, plus this tremendous number of people\nwho are not Jewish, from the nuns to the people in town that just ignored the\nfact that you were there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3310.0,3326.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: Exactly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3326.0,3327.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: How do you feel about this so many years later that all these people kind\nof . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3327.0,3334.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: . . . It's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3334.0,3336.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wonderful. It is the most wonderful thing that these people\nhave done. On some of them I . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3336.0,3344.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[Interview pauses, then continues]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3344.0,3346.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Okay. Could you continue to talk about how your feelings about that whole\norganization . . . all the people [who] either by their will to help you or\nsimply by ignoring the fact that you were there, saved your life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3346.0,3363.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: It's unbelievable. I mean, the people ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3363.0,3366.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that . . . this was their job.\nThey risked their lives to save all these children. All these children, they\nwere taken in the middle of the night. They would . . . there was so much that\nwas done. My mother, the same way. She didn't know . . . which home to go to.\nThey directed her. \"This is the address. Tomorrow you have to be there. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3366.0,3396.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You have\nto leave this address because the Germans are coming. They're cutting off the\nstreets from here to there. You will need to travel to this home and be there.\"\nThe network that went on during the war of the group of people that worked\nunderground to save the people that they could . . . the Jews . . . and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3396.0,3426.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"placed\nus in these little towns. Where the people were living and absolutely saying,\n\"We haven't seen anything. We don't know who's there. This is . . . the train\nstation that's abandoned. There's nobody there.\" I wish we would know the names\nof some of these people that rescued us and made it possible for us to survive.\nSo ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3426.0,3456.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"many of the people that made it here did remember names and had a chance to\nhave them come to this country and honor them, because this is what they\ndeserve. They deserve to be honored. Of course, when we had the reunion in\nWashington . . . the OSE reunion . . . we did have some people come from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3456.0,3486.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"France\nthat were the key leaders of these organizations and the groups that saved their\nlives. They were honored at that time. It was such a wonderful feeling, to . . .\nthey were still alive. They were 90 years old, but there! They were there. They\ntold the stories of what they did and the miracles of how they rescued these\nlittle groups of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3486.0,3516.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children, put them on the boats, and [sent] them away. [They]\ndidn't know what was going to happen, but they saved their lives. It's the same\nwith the children['s] homes that we were [in]. They were all castles, but you\nhad to have people to run these homes, to be aware, and to be notified when the\nGermans [were] coming . . . and how quickly we were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3516.0,3546.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dispersed from there.\nOvernight! The home was evacuated. Gone. There wasn't a soul left. The Germans\nwere there the next day. There were no kids there. There was nothing. This is\nthe way it went all along. I tell you, it took courage for these people to do\nthat because they endangered their lives, too. They were . . . even more in\ndanger than we were, because they were right at the front ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3546.0,3576.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lines.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3576.0,3577.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[Interview pauses, then continues].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3577.0,3579.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: We were starting from Saint-Claude, and can you pick up and tell us . . .\nyou were going to school you and you felt totally . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3579.0,3595.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: That was a bad thing. That was bad over there . . . the beginning. [It]\ngot a little better. I can't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3595.0,3607.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"remember how long we stayed there. It's really\namazing that the children would completely forget, \"Okay. How many months were\nyou there? When was that?\" The only thing I can tell you is that it was either\nsummer or it was winter, that was about the only time. I can't tell you how many\nsummers and how many winters, but the whole time frame is just four years\nanyhow. We're not talking about so much time spent in a certain . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3607.0,3637.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"place.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3637.0,3637.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Well, how did you adjust to not only going from being a mother figure,\nsort of, to Susie and more on your own, to having your mother taking care of\nyou? To going back into, kind of, regular society from being in a place where\nyou were afraid so much of the time. How did you make that transition?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3637.0,3662.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: Well, we made plans to leave. I don't know ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3662.0,3666.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how these arrangements were\nmade, but it was also probably made through a Federation . . . some kind of a\nJewish organization . . . that made arrangements for us all to go back to\nAntwerp from . . . Saint-Claude. Okay. That was my aunt, my mother, my cousin,\nand Susie and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3666.0,3696.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I. One day, there we were. We were on the train heading back home.\nMy aunt Sabine had a house that she owned in Belgium, in Antwerp. She had made\narrangements . . . It was rented . . . for these people to move out so that we\ncould move in. We went ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3696.0,3726.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"back to her house. She even had the furniture still\nthere. She lived downstairs and then my mother, Susie, and . . . [my aunt] had\nan upstairs. She had two rooms and we took the two rooms there. My aunt Hellie\nmade ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3726.0,3756.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it with Freddie and Herbie. They made it back to Belgium too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3756.0,3763.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: How did your family find Betty?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3763.0,3767.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: Lucy came back. Lucy also went back . . . after we left from Toulon\n[France], Lucy went back to Saint Paul, to that children's home. Betty . . . my\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3767.0,3786.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grandfather and grandmother were hidden also in a home outside of Vicque, near\nMarseille, in some private home. My grandmother had died just the week before\nthe liberation. They had the address . . . somebody had the address of where\nBetty ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3786.0,3816.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was. That address was . . . aunt Sabine got it because Grandpa made it\nback. They got it, they made arrangements for her to be brought back to Antwerp,\nand Lucy to be brought back to Antwerp. Both Lucy and Betty had lost both their\nparents. See, we had Mother still. Herbie and Freddie had their mother. Aunt\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3816.0,3846.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sabine is the one that brought these two children back to Antwerp, too. We all\nlived in the same house. As far as transition is concerned with taking care of\nmy sister, that was not very hard. I was glad Mother was there, she took care of\nmy sister, and I could go do things with my cousin and have a good time without\nhaving a little tagalong.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3846.0,3875.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: You got ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3875.0,3876.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be a teenager!","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3876.0,3878.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: I got to be! It got to be fun. We started to get accustomed to life back\nin Antwerp. But, we spoke French. We had to learn Flemish again. I was 14 then.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3878.0,3895.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Did your . . . when did your mother find out what had happened to your father?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3895.0,3904.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: Oh, that was years ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3904.0,3906.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"later. That was a long time. It was a long time that\nwe didn't know. In fact, for all those years, I never wanted to give up the idea\nthat my father was dead. I always thought that he's going to walk in through the\ndoor. I always thought he was going to come back. He was going to come back.\nThere was no way that he was killed. It just didn't happen. He's going to come\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3906.0,3936.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"back. Until we found out . . . I was already in Belgium just before I came to\nthe States. It was a funny thing, even when I came to the States, I said, \"Yes,\nI'm going to find him here in the United States.\" I always thought that we would\nfind him. We never did.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3936.0,3954.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: How did you track down . . . you did find out what happened to him. How\ndid you make that connection with the person that told you how your father had died?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3954.0,3965.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: Somebody that came back to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3965.0,3967.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Belgium, told Mother. At that time, they were\ntrying to find out. Also, my aunt Sabine had . . . not only was Frieda, her\ndaughter, [but] she had a son and his name was Willy. Willy is the only survivor\nthat made it out of concentration camp. He was a kid, a teenager at the time. He\nmade it. He made it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3967.0,3997.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out. Also he gave us a lot of . . . he he told us a lot of\nstories about what happened. A lot of the people . . . they would have\ngatherings, [the] survivors, and one would tell the other, this one remembers\nthis, and this one knows this name. That's how mainly how we found out. We were\npretty, pretty sure that he was gone. My cousin Willy made it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3997.0,4027.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"back, but he had\nhad typhoid fever while he was in concentration camp. He would run terrible\nfevers. He . . . although he met someone, married, and had a baby. [He] had a\nwonderful little girl. But he had constant fevers. In those days, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4027.0,4057.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Penicillin was\nnot available. He was in and out of the hospital. He died when the baby was a\nyear old. That was, really very bad for my aunt. When I was 14, 15, I went to\nschool for a little while. Mother got a job at a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4057.0,4087.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bakery, Kleinblatt, which is a\nfamous bakery in Antwerp. She went to work for them, and Susie and I went to\nschool. That's . . . we still lived in that house, with aunt Sabine. Then we . .\n. as Mother started to earn more money . . . we moved out and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4087.0,4117.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rented a little\napartment that had a store downstairs. We would sell . . . Mother would sell\nliquor, and it was a little liquor store. She would sell cigars, black market\ncigarettes. That was really something. It was scary because at night she would\ngo and pick up these supplies of cigarettes. She would hide them in the wall,\nand ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4117.0,4147.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then she would have certain people [who] would come and pick up these boxes\nof cigarettes that she would sell. Also, in order to make a living, we would\nstring beads. We would . . . the beads were strong, but we would have to put\nlocks in the back of the pearls. It was my job to go and pick up the supply of\nnecklaces [from] this warehouse. I remember, this was so ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4147.0,4177.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"heavy, we would have to\ncarry these heavy bags of beads, of strings. It was just a string of pearls with\ntwo little pieces of string at the end. We would put the locks on it. I know how\nto repair a string of pearls, because we would do this at night. We would get\npaid piecework. That's how we made a living, until my wonderful uncle came to .\n. . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4177.0,4207.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Antwerp. He . . . we had another little cousin who had lost both his\nparents, and he was an orphan. He adopted . . . they came to Antwerp to take him\nback . . . his name was Sammy . . . to the United. States. [He] was a little red\nhead. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4207.0,4237.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They came to visit and saw us all. Then, he came and he had made papers\nfor Herbie, Freddie, and me to go back on his next trip . . . to go back with\nthem. I have a newspaper clipping [of] when they brought us here to the United\nStates. Before that, when I turned ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4237.0,4267.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"16, I could become a citizen of Belgium. Even\nthough you're born there, you're not an automatic citizen. I became a citizen of\nAntwerp . . . I mean, of Belgium. I got all the paperwork and all that down.\nThen my uncle came . . . back, took the three of us and I had to leave my mother\nand my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4267.0,4297.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sister to come back to the States. I came over here and this was tough\nbecause I couldn't speak English. I didn't know a word. [I] lived with an aunt\nand uncle who couldn't understand anything I was saying, and she couldn't\nunderstand anything we were saying. Here you had three little kids in her house\n. . . well, \"kids.\" I was already 16.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4297.0,4326.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Where was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4326.0,4327.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4327.0,4328.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: Here in Atlanta! My Uncle Charles and my Aunt Lou.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4328.0,4334.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Their last name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4334.0,4336.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: Rose, Roseblüte. Their last name is Rose. Uncle Charles was my mother's brother.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4336.0,4343.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: He had come before the war?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4343.0,4347.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: He came here as a teenager. He had left Poland . . . and came to the\nStates and was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4347.0,4358.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sent back because he was just hidden on a ship. He was 13 at the\ntime and nobody wanted to claim him. They sent him back to . . . I think they\nsen[t] him to England. Then he again came and came here to the United States.\nMade a life for himself, married, and then found out that the family had\nsurvived . . . which of the family had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4358.0,4388.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"survived. Then, of course, made\narrangements for us all to come to the States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4388.0,4393.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: When you came here, did you know that your mother and sister would be\njoining you or did you . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4393.0,4402.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: . . . Yes. It was just the beginning. We came in June.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4402.0,4407.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: What . . . let me just interrupt. What did it feel like, to you, to leave Europe?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4407.0,4414.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: Oh, I was happy to leave Europe. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4414.0,4417.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"only hated to leave my mother and my\nsister. But you know what my mother was saying? \"Oh, life is so wonderful in the\nUnited States. You're just going to love it. They're going to give you a car and\nyou will have it so wonderful.\" Oh, I couldn't wait. These wonderful clothes . .\n. oh, America. This was just heaven. It was tough ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4417.0,4447.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because I couldn't speak\nEnglish. I was in the strange surrounding. The food was different. I was eating\ncereal. I remember my aunt giving me shredded wheat. She put this on my plate,\nand I said, \"What am I [eating]? This is grass, dried grass. You're eating dried\ngrass.\" It was just so different. Until I learned, I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4447.0,4477.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was very lonesome. I missed\nmy mother a lot and I missed the life that we had in Antwerp.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4477.0,4487.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: But your life itself had just come together, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4487.0,4492.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: Yes. It was just too much of a change for me. It was quite an adjustment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4492.0,4501.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: How did that adjustment go for you? You ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4501.0,4506.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came here to Atlanta, you're 16?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4506.0,4508.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: 16, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4508.0,4509.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: What were your impressions of this city?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4509.0,4511.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: 16 or 17?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4511.0,4512.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Did you go to school?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4512.0,4514.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: I came in 1948. I was 17, I had just turned 17.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4514.0,4518.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Did you go to high school? What did you do?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4518.0,4521.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: Yes. Went to high school . . . well, my aunt would sit us down. She\nwould sit the four of us, my cousin[s], my cousin Sammy . . . he was here since\n1946, so he was already a big shot. He already knew how to . . . he was doing\nthe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4521.0,4537.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"translating. He knew English and besides, he was adopted, so he was special.\nOkay. We [were] just the little invaders here. She would sit us down, Herbie,\nFreddy, and myself and we came in June. We had three months to get prepared for\nschool, she ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4537.0,4567.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would do the spelling every day. We would have spelling tests, she\nwould call out words, and we had to write them down. The first word I remember\nwas dirty. Dirty. I love that word! She kept saying, \"Everything is dirty.\" I\nnever understood what dirty was, but we were all dirty till she cleaned us up\nand Americanized us! Anyhow, translation . . . learned to translate, learned to\nspell, learned to understand. By the time ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4567.0,4597.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"school started in September, my two\ncousins went to elementary school. I went to high school, went to Bass High\nSchool. Of course, I was a novelty there. Bass High School didn't have too many\nJewish kids there, and they certainly didn't have somebody coming from Europe,\nyou know? \"Oh, my God, she can't even speak English.\" The first thing that was\nthrown to me was to do a book report. Have you ever done a book report not\nknowing the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4597.0,4627.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"language? I couldn't even read the book. Anyhow, I was Americanized\npretty quickly. We learned, I learned, I learned to speak English, I learned to\ndo the classes. What happened? I would take . . . since I was 17, I would take\n10th grade English. From 10th grade English, I would go into 11th grade English\nthe next hour. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4627.0,4657.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would do this every day. By the time I was finished with the\n12th grade, I graduated with the rest of the class. I was pretty much\nAmericanized. That was . . . life started to be fun.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4657.0,4676.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Well, who are your friends? Who befriended you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4676.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: We . . . You see, when we were a group of teenagers. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4680.0,4687.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Susie's going to\nhave to . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4687.0,4691.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[Interview pauses, then continues]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4691.0,4693.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: I went to school. On the weekend, there was a group of the older\nsurvivors formed . . . It's the New World's Club. Okay. We would meet on 10th\nStreet in that old building . . . in fact, they had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4693.0,4716.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"services there. The AA\nsynagogue, I believe, used that facility at that time. Then we would have it on\nthe weekend and we would have the basement. We had ping pong tables, and we\nwould have a jukebox. A whole bunch of the kids that came in 1946, 1947, 1948,\nwould gather and they would meet every Sunday. They would meet on a Sunday\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4716.0,4746.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"afternoon. The older group sponsored them. They would supply all the goodies and\nwe had all kinds of refreshments and everything. We just had a good time. The\ngirls . . . it was girls and boys. We were all about the same age. One of them\ngot a car. Here we were, we were moving! We could go to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4746.0,4776.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"places and we would all\npile into one car. We would go to the movies. This is how we socialized. This is\nhow we learned to become a true teenager, by being around other kids who had\nexactly the same experiences as we had. And, this is where I fell in love. I met\nmy husband, and this is where we started to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4776.0,4806.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"date.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4806.0,4807.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: What was his name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4807.0,4810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: His name is John. John Rosenfelder. He survived concentration camp. He\nalso was looking for a place to hang out . . . came over there on Sunday. We\nwould meet and we would have picnics that the older group sponsored. We had all\nkinds of wonderful things going on. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4810.0,4837.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then, as we started to date and became more\nand more serious, we started to make plans to get married. But we didn't want to\ndo this, until I had my mother and my sister here. [I] was not going to have a\nwedding without my family. My only family, here for the occasion. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4837.0,4867.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Especially\nsince Johnny had lost both his parents. He didn't have anybody on his side,\nexcept for the Spiegels, which were his part of the family that was left. He\ncame to Atlanta to be with when he came out of camp.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4867.0,4886.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Can I take a few minutes for you to tell me where he was born and what you\nthink about his experiences during the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4886.0,4897.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"war? You can catch him up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4897.0,4900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: All right. John was born in Fürth [Germany]. He was born in 1928. He\nalso had a wonderful life. All his family was from Fürth. He had . . . he was\nthe youngest of three brothers. His older brother was Peter. No, his older\nbrother was \"Curt,\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4900.0,4927.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Curtis. Peter was his middle brother, then Johnny was the\nbaby. His parents [sent] the two older boys to the United States. I don't know\nexactly . . . I believe it was in 1938 they sent them over to the United States,\nmaybe earlier than that . . . to live with a family and to save their lives.\nThey ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4927.0,4957.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wanted to hold on to the youngest . . . The two other ones made their life\nhere. They came to . . . it was Ohio, in Akron, Ohio, I believe that they\nsettled with a family that was really very good to them. Johnny stayed until the\nwar broke out. He had had his bar ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4957.0,4987.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mitzvah just before. Then, both his parents\nand him were taken to camp.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4987.0,4996.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Do you know where they were taken?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4996.0,5002.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: They were taken to Birkenau and he was in Auschwitz too. Of course,\n[his] parents were killed, and he survived ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5002.0,5017.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because he was a little kid. They\ncould get around, steal potatoes, and do things that the adults weren't able to\ndo. He escaped just right at liberation. They opened up . . . somehow he\nescaped, and he walked and walked and walked back to . . . [he] wanted to get\nback to where he lived. He ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5017.0,5047.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"found out that his . . . older brother was stationed\nin Germany, in Frankfurt [Germany]. When he found out that he was there, he made\na . . . he stole a bicycle and made his way back to where the camp was. Where\nthe soldiers were stationed. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5047.0,5077.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He made it into . . . where his brother was. To me,\nthis was amazing. They kept him there, and he was their little pet because they\ncould go to the city while he was sleeping in somebody's bed. They thought they\nhad a body there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5077.0,5102.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: He hadn't stayed in Auschwitz this whole time. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5102.0,5107.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He . . . was he moved . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5107.0,5110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5110.0,5111.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: . . . The whole time? During the whole war he was in Auschwitz?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5111.0,5115.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: First he was in . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5115.0,5117.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: . . . Birkenau?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5117.0,5118.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: In Birkenau, yes. It was a different camp. He was moved from one camp to\nanother. I can't exact . . . I don't know exactly which camps he was in, but he\n. . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5118.0,5128.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Was he sent to a work camp from there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5128.0,5131.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: No, he was not in a work camp.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5131.0,5133.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Always in Auschwitz, during the whole war?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5133.0,5135.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5135.0,5136.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Did he talk about that with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5136.0,5138.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5138.0,5138.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: No, he didn't talk and he was interviewed. He really . . . never really\ntalked about it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5138.0,5145.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Do you know how that experience affected him?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5145.0,5149.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: He seems fine when . . . when I met him, he was okay. Yes. He didn't\nseem to have any nightmares. He would never watch any movies about the war. He\ndidn't like to watch them. He kept saying, \"I was there. I don't need to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5149.0,5168.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"see it.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5168.0,5169.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Did he ever talk to your children about it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5169.0,5174.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: No. He never did. It was . . . it was too bad that we didn't record the\nthings that he knew before he . . . it was too late. But, he made it back, they\nmade the papers for him. He came to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5174.0,5198.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"States in 1946 and really . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5198.0,5202.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: . . . Can I ask? I'm just curious. Did he ever describe that moment when\nhe found his brother? Did his brother recognize him? Did he ever say anything\nabout it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5202.0,5217.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: He . . . he didn't say too much about it, and they really were not close\nafter the war either. His ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5217.0,5228.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"brother . . . we didn't find out about it until\nJohnny's funeral when his brother came. We kept asking . . . his brother changed\nhis name and didn't want to have any part of anything Jewish. We ask[ed] \"why?\nWhy would you give up your parent's name? Why did you not believe in anything\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5228.0,5258.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish? What made you do that?\" He is the one that said \"I felt my parents\nabandoned me by sending me away. We were abandoned.\" See, this is where the\ndifferences between me never feeling that my parents abandoned me. I always knew\nthat I would . . . if there was a possible ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5258.0,5288.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"way, my mother was going to find me.\nWhere he felt that they had abandoned him by sending him away to a strange\nfamily here, to save their lives. He never got over it. My husband made it\nthrough [a] concentration camp and was pretty much a very stable ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5288.0,5318.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"person. Really,\nwhat was in the past was in the past. He . . . loved to go to Synagogue. He\nwould never . . . in fact, when our little girl was born, I said, \"Johnny,\nRosenfelder is such a long name.\" I said, \"Maybe we could cut it shorter, like\nRose, like the rest of the family.\" He says \"This name ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5318.0,5348.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was good enough for my\nparents, it will always be good enough for me.\" We never changed it. That was\nthe thing to do . . . this was it. He always had a very strong feeling about his\nJudaism: loved to go to Synagogue and felt good about being Jewish.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5348.0,5371.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: How did he feel about having his own family?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5371.0,5375.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: Oh, of course he was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5375.0,5378.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"elated. It's a wonderful thing to have something of\nhis own.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5378.0,5385.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Did you name your first daughter?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5385.0,5390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: Cynthia Ellen. Cindy is named after my grandmother. Ellen is named after\nJohnny's mother. My son, Henry Fred. Henry is named after my father and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5390.0,5408.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Fred is\nnamed after Johnnie's father. We have a family right there in our two children.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5408.0,5414.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: We've jumped ahead.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5414.0,5415.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: Yes, we've jumped way ahead!","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5415.0,5417.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Let's go back. Here was this guy . . . and I've seen his picture . . . we\nhave this very cute guy . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5417.0,5427.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: . . . This gorgeous guy that I thought, \"Oh my God, he's so beautiful\" .\n. . that I met at gatherings and on the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5427.0,5437.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"weekend that the . . . on the New World\nClub. Finally, he got my phone number and he actually called me. That was just\nthe best thing that could ever happen to me. We made a date, and it was a\nwonderful date, because he was the only one that was talking, because I couldn't\nspeak English. I met ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5437.0,5467.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him the second weekend that I was here in the United\nStates. We . . . somehow communicated and, you know, and on and on from there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5467.0,5478.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Did you understand what he was saying?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5478.0,5481.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: No, and he was a law student at the time . . . Johnny went to law\nschool. He was such a talker, you just . . . oh, you just wind him up, and he\ngets ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5481.0,5497.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"going!","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5497.0,5497.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Did you have to get your cousin to translate?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5497.0,5501.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: No, I didn't have any cousins with me. I was by myself with him!","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5501.0,5506.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: But you had a good time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5506.0,5509.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: We had a good time, and we . . . we were dating more and more. That was it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5509.0,5516.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: That's a good incentive to learn English.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5516.0,5519.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: Definitely. It progressed to . . . till we became serious. Then, my\nuncle made papers for my . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5519.0,5527.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mother and sister to come. We had planned to get\nmarried in June, and they still weren't here. Yes, we kept postponing and\npostponing. Anyhow, November the fourth, we finally . . . this was the date.\nThen finally in September, my mother and sister came so we could get married and\nwe had them with us. My ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5527.0,5557.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grandfather [was] the one that walked me down the aisle,\nand I was so proud. I remember the family coming into Atlanta. I have a cousin .\n. . a cousin that was coming from New York, and it was on my father's side . . .\n[who] comes to Atlanta. Things were getting late November, the days are short.\nAll of a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5557.0,5587.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sudden, it was almost Shabbos. My grandfather had made . . . he\ninsisted that I had to go to the mikvah before I got married. I said, \"It's\ngetting dark. I'm not going, I'm not going.\" My grandfather said, \"If you don't\ngo to the mikvah, I will not marry you. You will be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5587.0,5617.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"disowned.\" I was scared to\ndeath. I took a taxi, my mother and I took a taxi, went all the way to the south\nside of town. In those days, we didn't have a mikvah. We had one that was . . .\nyou had to heat up the water, it was in an old house, and it was pitiful. The\ntaxi driver got lost, couldn't find the house, it was a nightmare. But anyhow, I\ndid go to the mikvah. My grandfather walked me down the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5617.0,5647.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"aisle, and we did get\nmarried. There's a rabbi that was here and it was . . . I did get married at\nBeth Jacob Synagogue, which I still belong to to this day. Rabbi Jeffrey was the\none that married us. We started our life together.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5647.0,5670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Where did you live when you first got married?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5670.0,5675.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: We lived on Parkway ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5675.0,5677.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Drive. Well, when we first got married . . . oh, we\nlived . . . I can't even remember the name of that apartment because I was\nliving with Mother, my mother and my sister. We had rented an apartment because\nthey came, I was still living with my aunt and uncle. We rented an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5677.0,5707.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"apartment off\nParkway Drive. When Johnny and I got married they were with us in the apartment.\nJohnny was in the service at the time. He was one of the first ones that was\ncalled into the Korean War. He was A1, and here he was, this little boy from\nGermany that made it through [a] concentration camp. He was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5707.0,5737.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"healthy and he was\nA1 material! He was one of the first groups that was called into the army. That\nwas when we had set our date to get married. That's when he was supposed to be\nshipped out. He was in military intelligence because he knew . . . how to speak\nGerman. But you see, the Korean War, German ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5737.0,5767.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"translator . . . I don't think they\nneeded a German translator during the Korean War. In any case, that put him into\na better area and where he was a translator. He had connections, and somehow\nthey postponed this transfer and he did get his furlough for us to get married\non November the fourth. Right after we got married, he went back into the\nservice. He was stationed at Fort Bragg. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5767.0,5797.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mother, my sister, and I were living in\nthe apartment, [he] was just coming on weekends.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5797.0,5804.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: John comes out of concentration camp, comes to Atlanta, learns English\nquickly enough to be accepted into law school.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5804.0,5812.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: Yes, he went to a boys high [school] and then went into law school.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5812.0,5818.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: How old was he when he actually got here?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5818.0,5822.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: He was 17.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5822.0,5824.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Very young.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5824.0,5825.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5825.0,5826.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: He goes ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5826.0,5827.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5827.0,5829.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: . . . Finish up boys high . . . boys school. Georgia Tech, it was . . .\nGeorgia Tech at the time was boys school. Boys high, yes. Then, goes to law\nschool and graduates from law school, takes his bar exam, but he didn't make the\nbar exam. That summer already . . . He was already . . . things were getting bad\nwith Korea. Of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5829.0,5857.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"course, that's that's when he got . . . it was right on Yom\nKippur, he got a notice that he was . . . he had to register for the draft.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5857.0,5870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Was he an American citizen by that time?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5870.0,5874.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: I don't think he was an American citizen then because he couldn't be\nsent over. We were afraid for him to be sent to Germany because he wasn't a\ncitizen at the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5874.0,5887.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time. Then he became a citizen right after that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5887.0,5891.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Okay, continue. He's in Fort Bragg . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5891.0,5896.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: He is in Fort Bragg.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5896.0,5899.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Did he ever get sent to Korea?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5899.0,5903.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: No. He never got sent to Korea. [He] came back to visit. In the\nmeantime, we moved to a different apartment . . . my mother and my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5903.0,5917.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sister. My\ngrandfather . . . I was living with my aunt and uncle at the time and, all of a\nsudden my grandfather moved in with us because he didn't get along with the\nfamily . . . [he] got mad. Then there were four of us. It was just like the old\ndays, we're all living in one little apartment, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5917.0,5947.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then my husband comes on\nweekends. We're surrounded with family. But . . . this passed too. My\ngrandfather bought a house on Boulevard, bought a duplex. Johnny and I were\nrenting upstairs, and we had our own little apartment when he came out of the\nservice. Then Mother, my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5947.0,5977.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grandfather, and my sister were living downstairs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5977.0,5980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Did your grandfather . . . was he able to continue any kind of career here\nin Atlanta?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5980.0,5988.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: My grandfather? No. My grandfather was 85 years old when he came to this country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5988.0,5995.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Still a young man.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5995.0,5997.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: Yes, right. He . . . my uncle, his son . . . uncle Charles, who was the\none that brought us all ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5997.0,6007.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here . . . he owns [a] speedometers service company on\nSpring Street. He invented the machine that tests the speedometers. He had a big\noperation. He . . . Anybody that came from Europe, they could get a job there.\nGrandpa, also was registered there . . . he's working there, and he was doing\nsome kind of work. Anyhow, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6007.0,6037.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"enough for him to be able eventually to collect\nSocial Security, which he did [receive] the last years of his life. Because,\nremember, he lived to be 101. He got this big check from Social Security and\nthat was $36 a month. That's something to sustain him. Anyhow, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6037.0,6067.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Grandpa was left\n. . . when my uncle died . . . of cancer, lung cancer. He died just when Johnny\nand I got married, a month after we got married. He left my grandfather a little\nmoney. Grandpa bought this house on Boulevard, this duplex where the family\ncould live. Johnny and I lived upstairs, they lived ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6067.0,6097.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"downstairs and life went on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6097.0,6099.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Did your grandfather ever say . . . he must have had an extraordinary life\nstarting, I suppose, in Poland. This whole history.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6099.0,6109.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: Yes, he was in the army in the Second World War . . . I mean the First\nWorld War in 1914. He was in the service, yes. He and my grandma had . . . nine\nchildren. Nine ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6109.0,6126.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children. Then the three last . . . well, he had four surviving .\n. . my aunt Sabine, my mother, my aunt Hellie, and then Uncle Charles, who was .\n. . the one that really made us all come . . . get us all here to the United\nStates. Those were the last surviving members of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6126.0,6156.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family. Now, only my mother\nis . . . she is the only one that's the last survivor, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6156.0,6164.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Her age?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6164.0,6165.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: Her age . . . 90 . . . she will be 98 next month, in December. December\n26th will be her 98th birthday. By the way, we're taking her along with us to\nNew York to celebrate my cousin, my cousin Frieda, who is Aunt Sabine's daughter\n. . . her 80th ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6165.0,6186.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"birthday. We are all planning a big celebration there with my\nmother, because those two are really close, and they call each other every week.\nThey're still very close to each other.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6186.0,6199.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Then you're . . . Did you work at all when you were here or . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6199.0,6207.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: Oh, yes. Yes. In fact. I went to work when my mother came. I graduated\nhigh school. I mean, when I graduated high ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6207.0,6216.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"school in 1950, I went to work for my\nuncle. Speedometer service. [I] took care of his bookkeeping because I had taken\na bookkeeping course. I took care of his office and did that until Cindy was\nborn. Then I stayed home, became a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6216.0,6246.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mom, and stayed home for 20 years. We didn't\nhave much, but I had . . . we had no intention for this mother to work. [You]\nhad to take care of your kids. This was [the] priority: take care of Cindy and\nHenry. Till they . . . we lived really with the family all along. The house on\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6246.0,6276.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Boulevard, from there we bought a house on Saint Charles that my mother and my\nhusband bought as a partnership, a duplex where my mother was living upstairs\nand we were living downstairs. My mother was living there until she remarried.\nWe lived there until it was time for my daughter to go to Grady High School. We\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6276.0,6306.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"didn't want . . . the area was changing. We bought this house . . . that I'm\nliving in now. It was really ten years before . . . we were married [for] ten\nyears until we finally live[d] on our own, my husband and I. All those years, we\nalways had family. We always had family . . . for all occasions, we had them\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6306.0,6336.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"together. We always had enough room. We always made the holidays together. We\nalways celebrated every occasion. Then we moved here, our children grew up, and\nthey in turn got married.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6336.0,6353.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Well, did . . . when John came back from his military service, then did he\ncontinue with his law studies or take the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6353.0,6366.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bar?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6366.0,6366.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: No, by that time, he didn't take the bar exam again because he would\nhave needed another refresher course. He went back to school, took courses in\neconomic[s] and graduated with that because it was under the GI Bill. [He] had\nto go to work because I was expecting a baby and didn't . . . just didn't want\nto go back . . . full ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6366.0,6396.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time into law. I went to work . . . found different jobs\nand then went to work for Sommers and Sommers, in a wholesale jewelry business.\n[He] worked there for 40 years, and he worked there till he died.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6396.0,6415.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: What was the name of the business?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6415.0,6419.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: Sommers and Sommers. Wholesale jewelry, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6419.0,6422.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Did he ever talk about what it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6422.0,6426.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"meant to him to be able to come to America\nand to become part of your family?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6426.0,6434.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: It was hard for him to become part of my family because he never . . .\nhe always had his guards up. He never . . . when we were . . . we would speak\nFrench among us because it was our ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6434.0,6456.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"language. Especially when my mother and my\nsister came, they did not speak English. Seeing this was right when we were\ngetting married. I would communicate with them in French, German, and Yiddish.\nHe had a hard time with that because he only understood German and didn't\nunderstand any English at all . . . I mean, any ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6456.0,6486.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"French. It was a problem for him\nto get close to my mother because of that. He just didn't feel comfortable and\nalways felt that somebody was talking about him, when it really wasn't so. We\njust had a hard time communicating because of the language.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6486.0,6508.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: What about Yiddish?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6508.0,6510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: The Yiddish he only picked it up through the years of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6510.0,6516.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"being around me\nand the family, because Yiddish is so much like German. It's just a slang of\nGerman, you know. Because he knew . . . German, he could understand. After a\nwhile, after we were married for so many years, he could understand the . . .\nYiddish that we were speaking real well. In fact, when my daughter went to high\nschool, she had to take a language. Grandpa was around all the time and was\nspeaking Yiddish all the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6516.0,6546.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time. She had a choice. I said, \"You can take either\nFrench or you can take German.\" I said \"Oh, your dad and I can help you with\nit.\" She chose to take German. Okay. She went to school and she comes back home\nthe first day and she says Mom, \"I understood everything the teacher said.\"\nShe's . . . everything she said. She didn't realize how much Yiddish she really\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6546.0,6576.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"knew, and by being around the family and hearing that through the years. Then\nwhen the teacher was speaking in German, she can understand a lot of the things\nthat were spoken in German. But . . . because of all this problem with French,\nwe all dropped the French pretty much because Johnny didn't understand it. We\ntried to speak English. That's why we speak ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6576.0,6606.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"English. All of us, including\nGrandpa. Yes, I mean he had to, and my aunt, they all learned English because\nthat was the language. We had to learn.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6606.0,6616.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: For your international family that's . . . English is what brought you together.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6616.0,6622.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: That's right, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6622.0,6623.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Then, of course, your sister and her husband . . . when she got married,\nhe was . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6623.0,6631.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: Oh, he was from Austria. Yes, but he spoke English. He was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6631.0,6636.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"also in the\nArmy. She got married in 1953 . . . no, she got married in 1956. Yes, I was\nexpecting my second child.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6636.0,6650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Well, it seems like you have been so blessed to be able to keep . . .\nreally your same . . . close family ties throughout this ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6650.0,6666.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very long period of\ntime, right? [You've] been able to support each other.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6666.0,6672.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: Right. Well, we were very family oriented all along, and I still am to\nthis day. It's . . . this is what makes me happy: to be around them. I wouldn't\nwant to do without my sister. That's . . . it just means a lot to me because\nthere's a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6672.0,6696.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tie. There's a certain tie that I have between my sister and my cousin\nthat . . . you can never replace that. It's . . . my cousin is closer to me than\na sister because of the things we've gone through. It's not just a simple thing.\nIt affects you your whole life. You want to continue that. You want to continue\nthese ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6696.0,6726.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ties. No matter what happens, no matter what kind of disagreements we\nhave, we have our families. We always pull together again, because it's . . .\nwe're it. We have to pull together. My mother is just so important to me. It's\njust . . . I mean, every member of my family . . . losing my grandfather was\nsuch a terrible thing to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6726.0,6756.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me. It's just like I . . . this strong person, the\nbeginner. This is the one that built this family. Just as every member of the\nfamily moves away, you know, you lose more and more.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6756.0,6780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: But you still have this core group. You, Susie, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6780.0,6786.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lucy, and Betty, you four girls.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6786.0,6789.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: Right. We celebrate our birthdays together every year. The four of us\nget together every birthday. We will not miss it. We always celebrate. It . . .\nIt's a strong tie. It really is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6789.0,6808.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Well, you've not only had the experience during the war years, which was\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6808.0,6816.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very, very, unique in a certain way, but also kind of in parallel with each\nother going through this experience of being hidden.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6816.0,6827.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6827.0,6828.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Then coming here, you've had . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6828.0,6832.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: Yes. Yes, here we . . . right. We struggled to adapt ourselves to life\nhere in the United States, which is different . . . pick ourselves ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6832.0,6846.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up and make a\nlife. When my children went away to school, this is when I went away to college.\nThat's when I felt it's time for me to do something and help my husband. Just a\nlittle job . . . to help with the fees for college. I went to work ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6846.0,6876.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"part-time,\nand I thought \"Okay, so what can I do? I don't want to go back to an office.\nWhat is it that I really know how to do?\" I was real good with arts and crafts,\nand so I decided, \"Okay, I'm gonna go to one of the arts and crafts stores and\nsee if they need somebody.\" Of course, they needed somebody, they hired me, and\nI started to work part time. This part time turned into full time and before you\nknow it, somebody else found out that I could do this and this and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6876.0,6906.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that in an\nart craft store. [They] asked me to run another arts and crafts store,\nRoderick's . . . this little shopping center that they [were] going to open. I\nstepped up from one little thing to another, and before you know it, I was\nworking full time. This was supposed to be just part time. [I] became manager of\none ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6906.0,6936.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"store. Then, my cousin[s] . . . Herbie and Freddy . . . Fred, one of them .\n. . is a gynecologist, the other one is [a] cardiologist. The cardiologist\ncalled me one day and said, \"Regine, how would you like to work in a doctor's\noffice?\" Well, I would love to work in a doctor's office. Of course, I don't\nknow anything about it. He says, \"Well, I really need you.\" I went to work for\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6936.0,6966.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him, took care of his books, took care of his accounts. [I] worked there for six\nyears. That was a nice little step up. Then decided to go with another physician\nwhen he moved on to something else and went to work for . . . the Southeastern\nEye Care for doctor Leon ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6966.0,6996.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gross and became his office manager. I learned all\nabout . . . I had learned all about cardiology, but now it's time to learn all\nabout ophthalmology . . . all the terms and all the wonderful things that go\nwith the eyes. I worked for doctor Gross for ten years until he joined the big\ngroup . . . Thomas Eye ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6996.0,7026.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Group, which I joined into. Now I have been working with\nthem for eight years. Here I am, 71 years old and I'm still working. That's my life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=7026.0,7039.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Just . . . we have a few minutes, but I wanted to hear what your thoughts\nare on Hemshech. I know you've been very involved with that organization.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=7039.0,7053.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: Yes, I'm involved with a lot of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=7053.0,7057.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"organizations. Hemshech is, of course,\nthe group that's the survivors. I'm [the] corresponding secretary for that\ngroup. I love to be part of it. My husband was part of it. I have joined them\nbecause I'm a survivor . . . we have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=7057.0,7087.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the . . . it's very important for me to\nbelong to that. I am very involved with my synagogue. I'm treasurer for my\nsisterhood. I was president of my sisterhood, the Jacob sisterhood, and I'm very\nproud of that. Now I am president of my Hadassah group, Mount Scopus. I'm ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=7087.0,7117.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there\n. . . this year, I'm co-president with Sandra, and I'm very proud of that, too.\nI have a lot of stuff going on. There's a lot of things going on in my life! I\nhave three beautiful granddaughters. I'm so proud of them. Two of them are 16,\none of them is 19, and one of them is away at college.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=7117.0,7144.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: The generations continue.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=7144.0,7146.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: The generations continue, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=7146.0,7148.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"right. I'm just sad that I lost my husband and\nthat he's not here to continue, you know, with me . . . the life that we started\ntogether here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=7148.0,7162.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Is there . . . anything that I haven't asked you about that you'd like to [discuss]?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=7162.0,7170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REGINE: I'm very privileged to be interviewed. I hope . . . I hope it was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=7170.0,7178.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"good.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=7178.0,7179.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Well, I want to thank you so much. It was a wonderful interview and I hope\nthat your family [indistinct: 1:59:35].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=7179.0,7204.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/transcript/69033/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=7204.0,7207.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/annotation_set/1427","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/annotation_set/1427/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e Regine Rosenfelder (1931-2023) was a Jewish woman born to Hertz Dollmann and Sally Roseblüte. Raised in Antwerp, Belgium, Regine lived happily alongside her extended family. On the eve of World War II, Regine and her family escaped Belgium to rural France, where they lived in Vique, France in an abandoned railway station. Later, she was helped by the OSE foundation in France and hidden at Château des Morelles with her sister and cousin. After the war, Regine immigrated to the United States, where she attended high school in Atlanta, Georgia, and met her husband, John Rosenfelder.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=13.0,26.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/annotation_set/1427/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e Belgium is a county in northwestern Europe. It bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, France to the southwest and Luxembourg to the southeast. It's capital is Brussels.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=30.0,43.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/annotation_set/1427/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e Before the Holocaust, Jews were the largest minority in Poland. In Poland’s major cities, Jews and Poles spoke each other’s languages and interacted in markets and on the streets. Even smaller towns and villages in Poland were, to some extent, mixed communities. That did not mean that antisemitism did not impact the lives of Polish Jews, however. The antisemitic atmosphere increased in Poland during the 1930s. After World War I (Poland) had become a democratic independent state and increasing Polish nationalism made Poland a hostile place for many Jews. A series of pogroms and discriminatory laws were signs of growing antisemitism, while fewer and fewer opportunities to emigrate were available. An economic boycott of Jewish businesses was in full force by 1937.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=61.0,74.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/annotation_set/1427/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e Before World War II, the overwhelming majority of Austrian Jews lived in Vienna, which was an important center of Jewish culture, Zionism, and education. In 1938, some 170,000 Jews lived in Vienna, Austria, as well as approximately 80,000 persons of mixed Jewish-Christian background. After Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany in March 1938, the Nazis quickly applied anti-Jewish policies to Vienna. Jewish organizations and universities were shut down. Jews were barred from many professions and forced to wear a yellow badge. The Nazis encouraged emigration and, by the summer of 1939, nearly half the Jewish population had left Vienna. Emigration was not easy, however. Those seeking exit visas and necessary other documentation had to stand in long lines, night and day, in front of municipal, police, and passport offices. Would-be emigrants were forced to pay an exit fee and to register all of their immovable and most of their movable property, which was confiscated concurrent with their departure from the country. Only 2,000 Viennese Jews survived deportations during the war, along with about 800 Jews who managed to hide. After the war, the city was under joint Allied occupation. After the city was liberated in April 1945, there were 17,000 Jews in the city, most of whom were Hungarian Jews or other refugees. Between 1945 and 1952, other Jewish displaced persons, who looked towards the American Army for services and protection, rather than towards the Austrian government, augmented their numbers. After the Kielce pogrom in the summer of 1946, Jews fleeing Poland flooded into Vienna. Some 52,000 individuals passed through Vienna. In response to the overcrowding, more DP camps were opened in Austria, with Vienna often serving as a transit point. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=139.0,141.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/annotation_set/1427/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e Pelikaanstraat or Pelikan Street is a district in Antwerp, Belgium best known as the heart of the diamond industry in Antwerp. The Diamond District is also known for its diverse multicultural population, with Yiddish being the historically prevalent language used during diamond exchanges. It is estimated that around 80% of Antwerp’s Jewish population is involved in the diamond business.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=186.0,211.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/annotation_set/1427/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e World War II (abbreviated WWII or WW2) was a global war involving fighting in most of the world and most countries. Most countries fought in the years 1939–1945 but some started fighting in 1937. Most of the world's countries, including all the great powers, fought as part of two military alliances: the Allies and the Axis Powers. World War II was the largest and deadliest conflict in all of history. It involved more countries, cost more money, involved more people, and killed more people than any other war in history. Between 50 to 85 million people died. The majority were civilians. It included massacres, the deliberate genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, starvation, disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons against civilians in history.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=211.0,228.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/annotation_set/1427/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e Middelkerke is a municipality in Belgium located alongside the North Sea in the province of West Flanders. It contains many smaller villages within its borders such as Middelkerke proper and Lombardsijde. Middelkerke is a part of the Flemish community.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=241.0,271.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/annotation_set/1427/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e Jewish life in Antwerp has been recorded since the High Middle Ages, however, the first official Jewish community was established in 1816, known as the Jewish Community. At the time of its official creation, the Jewish Community comprised around 100 members. By 1829, the number rose to 151. In the early 20th century, just before World War II, the number of Jews living in Antwerp had skyrocketed to a community of 35,000 members. Many Jews in Antwerp were involved in the city’s diamond business, which was the main source of trade within the city. Jewish life flourished in Antwerp, with the creation of many Jewish clubs, sports, and Zionist groups. When Antwerp was finally liberated from Nazi occupation in 1944, only an estimated 1,200 Jews remained in Antwerp.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=316.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/annotation_set/1427/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e Shul is a Yiddish word for synagogue that is derived from a German word meaning “school,” and emphasizes the synagogue's role as a place of study.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=316.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/annotation_set/1427/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e  When the Germans conquered Belgium in May 1940, between 65,000 and 70,000 Jews lived in Belgium. The overwhelming majority were foreign and stateless Jews that had sought refuge in Belgium. In the summer of 1940, some German Jews were deported from Belgium to the Gurs and St. Cyprien internment camps in southern France. The overwhelming majority were immigrants and refugees. Approximately 29,000 Jews in Belgium perished during the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=539.0,552.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/annotation_set/1427/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e France was conquered by Nazi Germany in June 1940 and was divided into two parts: the northern region, which was under direct German rule, and the southern one, where a so-called Free French regime was headed by Marshal Pétain with Vichy as its capital. In November 1942, German troops occupied Vichy's formerly “free zone.” As German allies, Italian forces had occupied the southeastern corner of France in 1940. When Italy surrendered to Allied forces in September 1943, German forces took over the area, making all of France occupied.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1249.0,1251.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/annotation_set/1427/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e After the German invasion of France, efforts were made by various groups to hide Jewish children. Wherever possible, efforts were made to send them on to safety in other countries such as Switzerland and the United States. One of the most active organizations in this effort was Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants [French: Children’s Relief Work, or OSE], a French Jewish humanitarian organization that saved hundreds of refugee children during World War II. OSE is a worldwide Jewish organization for health care and children's welfare. It was founded in Russia in 1912 and transferred to France in 1933. OSE gave assistance to children and adults in as many as fifteen towns and the internment camps in southern France. The first Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants [French: Children’s Relief Work, or OSE] home was in Montmorency, a town located 15.3 km (9.5 mi) north of the center of Paris. As the Nazis approached Paris in 1940, all the homes were transferred to the unoccupied zone in southern France. Care was given to about one thousand three hundred children—some orphans and some whose families had placed them in these facilities. Some of the children were French but many were refugees that had come from Germany, Belgium, Austria (Poland) and other European countries. Other children were released from French internment camps, such as Gurs and Rivesaltes, and taken to OSE children's homes while awaiting emigration. However, both the French and American governments were slow in processing the visas and some children had to wait a full year before they received the necessary papers. After the German movement into southern France in 1941, OSE went underground but continued to hide children and transfer them to Switzerland or smuggled them to safety outside of Europe when that was possible. From June through September 1941, three transports managed to bring about 200 children from the OSE homes to the U.S. They were sponsored by the United States Committee for the Care of European Children, The Jewish Children's Aid, and assisted by the American Friends Service Committee (Quakers) in Marseilles. The first convoy of 111 children left the Marseilles train station at the end of May 1941. They were accompanied by OSE workers Isaac and Masha Chomski, who coordinated the transport with the assistance of Morris Troper of the JDC as well as the American Friends Service Committee. The train stopped briefly at the Oloron train station, located outside the Gurs concentration camp, so that the children could say a final goodbye to their parents. The children had saved their morning food rations and presented them to their parents as a gift, to the amazement of all the adults present. The brief reunion was traumatic for both the children and the parents, and OSE decided to discontinue the practice on future convoys. From France, the children traveled to Portugal by way of Spain. In Lisbon they boarded the SS Mouzinho, which sailed on June 10, 1941. The second transport set sail on the S.S. Mouzinho from Lisbon, Spain on August 20, 1941 with 625 passengers on board, 611 of whom were immigrants. Two Portuguese men were recorded on the ship’s manifest as stowaways who were then “held for special inquiry upon arrival.” It arrived in the US on September 1, 1941 but was unable to disembark until the following day as the first was Labor Day. A third transport of children also left Lisbon in September 1941 aboard the Serpa Pinto. In all, the transports that left France for America rescued 311 children. Altogether, the OSE sheltered and assisted in getting nearly 1,600 Jewish children out Nazi-occupied areas.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1292.0,1322.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/annotation_set/1427/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDuring the World War II, 26 concentration camps operated in the Occupied Zone of France. The central concentration camp in France was Drancy, not far from Paris. From March 1942, Drancy became a transit camp for Jews who were being deported to the East. After passing anti-Jewish legislation in October 1940, the Vichy regime broadened its actions to arrest and detain Jews in its territory. They were incarcerated in 15 concentration camps which included the camps of Gurs, Le Milles, Rivesaltes and St. Cyprien. By the beginning of 1941 some 40,000 Jews had already been arrested. In addition to those arrested, some 35,000 Jewish men were conscripted by force into the “Labor Corps,” or Compagnies de Travail. Almost all the foreign Jewish men, more than a third of the population of foreign Jews in France, were either conscripted into the Labor Corps or incarcerated in concentration camps. There were additional concentration camps run by the Vichy government in the vicinity of Paris and in northeastern France. Among these were Pithiviers, Beaune-la-Rolande, Besançon, Compiègne and others. Thousands of Jews were deported from these camps to Auschwitz-Birkenau. The concentration camps in France continued operating during the summer of 1944.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1472.0,1502.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/annotation_set/1427/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e There were approximately 350,000 Jews in France when the Germans invaded in the early summer of 1940. Less than half were French citizens. Many were refugees who had fled persecution in the Third Reich or had flooded into France when the Germans entered Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. German forces invaded France on May 10, 1940, but until November 1942, southern and eastern France remained under the control of the Vichy government. Officially neutral, Vichy France collaborated closely with Germany. With the agreement of the Vichy government, German officials and French police conducted round-ups of Jews in both occupied and unoccupied zones of France throughout the summer of 1942. A significant percentage of Jews deported from Vichy France were foreign or stateless Jews, sacrificed by the Vichy government in an attempt to spare French Jews. Deportations slowed after the general population and Catholic Church began to protest, but resumed in January 1943 and continued until August 1944. In all, some 77,000 Jews living on French territory perished. One-third of the victims were French citizens. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1472.0,1502.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/annotation_set/1427/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e The term “concentration camp” refers to a camp in which people are detained or confined, usually under harsh conditions and without regard to legal norms of arrest and imprisonment that are acceptable in a constitutional democracy. In Nazi Germany between 1933 and 1945, concentration camps (Konzentrationslager; briefly “KL” or “KZ”) were an integral feature of the regime. The Nazis differentiated between concentration camps, which were used to contain slave laborers and prisoners of the Nazi state, and extermination camps, whose primary purpose was the systematic killing of prisoners. Shortly after coming to power in 1933, the Nazis began to set up a series of concentration camps across Germany. Those were mostly local initiatives: facilities that the SA, SS, and police established on an ad hoc basis, where they would detain and abuse real and imagined enemies of the regime. By 1934, there were over 100 of these early camps in operation. When the Nazi regime came to power, they systematically persecuted both Jewish and non-Jewish Germans perceived to be opponents of the regime. Political opponents (Communists, Social Democrats, liberals) were some of the first victims housed in “temporary” detention centers like Lichtenburg. Jews, homosexuals, Freemasons, Jehovah's Witnesses, clergy who opposed the Nazis, and any others whose behavior—real or perceived—could be interpreted as being in opposition to Nazi political and racial ideologies were also persecuted and incarcerated. The Nazi regime refused to tolerate criticism, dissent, or nonconformity from the German people. Non-Jewish German political activists were treated harshly but other political opponents remained potentially valuable members of the German race. The goal behind their internment in and subsequent release from concentration camps was often a kind of reeducation that would see them fall into line with the regime’s political and racial ideologies. Between 1933 and 1939, tens of thousands of Germans were sentenced by the criminal courts. If authorities were confident of a conviction in court, the prisoner was turned over to the justice system for trial. If the outcome of criminal proceedings were unsatisfactory, the acquitted citizen or the citizen who was sentenced to a suspended sentence would still be taken into “protective detention” and incarcerated in a concentration camp. The first concentration camps were established in 1933. Various authorities set up the makeshift “camps” in empty warehouses, factories, and other locations. Camps were established in Oranienburg, north of Berlin; Esterwegen, near Hamburg; Dachau, northwest of Munich; and Lichtenburg, in Saxony. By the end of July 1933, almost 27,000 people were housed in these camps. Most of the prisoners were political opponents of the Nazi regime. By the end of 1934, most of these early camps were disbanded and replaced by a centrally organized concentration camp system under the exclusive jurisdiction of the SS.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1592.0,1622.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/annotation_set/1427/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAuschwitz-Birkenau was a network of camps built and operated by Germany just outside the Polish town of Oswiecem (renamed “Auschwitz” by the Germans) in Polish areas annexed by Germany during World War II. Auschwitz was a complex of camps: the Main Camp (Auschwitz I), Auschwitz-Birkenau (Auschwitz II) and Monowitz (Auschwitz III). Many smaller sub-camps were attached to the complex, which drew their labor from the Main Camp and Auschwitz-Birkenau. It is estimated that the SS and police deported at a minimum 1.3 million people (approximately 1.1 million of which were Jews) to the Auschwitz-Birkenau complex between 1940 and 1945. Camp authorities murdered 1.1 million of these prisoners. Auschwitz II, also known as Birkenau, was about 2-1/2 miles away from the main camp. It had the largest total prisoner population. This is the camp with the big brick gate and the railroad tracks leading to the ramp and where the four gas chambers and crematoria came to be located.  The Monowitz camp also known as Auschwitz III or Buna, was about 4 miles east of the Auschwitz Main Camp. It was a complex built to house slave laborers for the German chemical firm IG Farben.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1669.0,1683.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/annotation_set/1427/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e Hebrew school can be either the Jewish equivalent of Sunday school (an educational regimen separate from secular education, focusing on topics of Jewish history and learning the Hebrew language), or a primary, secondary, or college level educational institution where some or all of the classes are taught in Hebrew.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=1713.0,1743.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/annotation_set/1427/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e The Haute-Savoie is in Southeastern France, located within the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. It is north of Lake Geneva and borders both Switzerland and Italy.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=2013.0,2043.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/annotation_set/1427/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e As a neutral country, Switzerland became a favored repository of capital in the years leading up to and during World War II. With the rise of Nazism, many European Jews sought to safeguard their assets by depositing their money in Swiss bank accounts and valuables in Swiss safe deposit boxes. During the war, the Swiss were the principal bankers and financial brokers of the Nazis, handling vast sums of currency, gold and other valuables they had plundered directly from individual Holocaust victims and from the reserves of conquered countries. Switzerland also purchased vast amounts of gold from Allied and Axis powers. It exchanged the precious metal for Swiss francs, the only free convertible currency at the time outside the American dollar. This trade benefitted Germany in particular, effectively turning Switzerland into an enabler of the German war effort. After the war, survivors were often unable to provide the required documentation needed to retrieve the assets that belonged to them or their deceased relatives. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=2073.0,2103.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/annotation_set/1427/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e Grenoble is a city in southeastern France. It lies in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region at the foot of mountains between the Drac and Isère rivers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=2253.0,2271.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/annotation_set/1427/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e The liberation of France began when the Allies invaded Normandy in June 1944. By July, Allied forces began pushing south, east and west across France. By August, all of northern France had been liberated. Paris was not liberated until August 25, 1944.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=2735.0,2765.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/annotation_set/1427/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e Saint-Claude is a commune in eastern France, which lies on the Bienne River.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=2885.0,2915.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/annotation_set/1427/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e The French Resistance movement is an umbrella term, which covered numerous anti-German resistance movements that were based within France. On June 18, 1940, Charles de Gaulle addressed the people of France from London and called on them to continue the fight against the Germans. By June 1941, the resistance movement had become well organized and its work against the Germans increased accordingly. By 1944, it is estimated that there were 100,000 members of the various resistance movements that existed in France. The resistance movement provided the Allies with intelligence, attacked the Germans when possible and assisted the escape of Allied airmen. Public outcry over the brutality of roundups and the reluctance of French officials to comply with German demands for the deportation of French citizens saved the lives of many Jews. Nevertheless, nearly 77,000 Jews (two-thirds of whom were foreign refugees) were deported from French territories.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3310.0,3326.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/annotation_set/1427/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e In southern France, Toulon is a port city located on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3767.0,3786.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/annotation_set/1427/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e Marseille is the second largest city in France and located on the southern French coast. During World War II, it was the main port in the Mediterranean Sea for the Germans from 1942-1944. The Allies liberated the city in August 1944.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=3786.0,3816.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/annotation_set/1427/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e Black markets emerged after World War II amid the shortages experienced due to the war and Holocaust. Although illegal, people used the black market to purchase necessary food and other items illegally. It provided opportunities for people to enrich themselves buy selling items on the black market.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4117.0,4147.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/annotation_set/1427/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e An Affidavit of Support and Sponsorship was among the criteria applicants seeking an entry visa into the United States during the 1930s and 1940s had to meet. This required two sponsors who were United States citizens or had permanent resident status. Sponsors had to provide proof of their financial status (Federal tax returns and an affidavit from their bank and employer) to ensure that the immigrants would not become dependent upon social welfare programs. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4237.0,4267.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/annotation_set/1427/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e This club was a support group formed by German Jews who immigrated to Atlanta immediately prior to the outbreak of World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4693.0,4716.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/annotation_set/1427/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e Fuerth [German: Fürth] is a city located in northern Bavaria, Germany, just outside the city of Nuremberg. The Jewish population in Furth numbered 2,000 (2.6% of the total population) in 1933. Between 1933 and 1941, 1,400 Jews managed to leave, mainly to the United States and Shanghai. On November 10, 1938 (Kristallnacht), the main synagogue was burned down. Six other synagogues as well as many Jewish homes and businesses were also demolished. One hundred and fifty men were sent to Dachau. By May 17, 1939, only 785 Jews remained in Fuerth. The Jewish community of Fuerth was deported in three stages. On November 28, 1941, 83 Jews were deported to Riga, Latvia. On March 24, 1942, 224 Jews—almost all of who were under the age of 65—were deported to Belzec. On September 10, 1942, 153 Jews—mainly the elderly and children in an orphanage—were deported to Theresienstadt. After the war, only 40 Jews returned to Fuerth. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4900.0,4927.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/annotation_set/1427/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e Approximately 125,000 Germans, most of them Jewish, immigrated to the United States between 1933 and 1945. As World War II began, however, immigration became more and more difficult. After Germany annexed Austria in March 1938, the United States had combined the German and Austrian quotas into one “German” quota. Of the 27,370 visas available to Germans, 7,818 went unissued, even though increasing antisemitic persecution made the waiting list grew to over 139,000. In 1939, all of the German visas were issued. After World War II began in September of that year, the waiting list grew to more than 300,000 people, most of the Jewish. In 1940, the German quota was almost filled, but new restrictions were put in place that made it more difficult for Germans to obtain visas. By the summer of 1941, all U.S. consulates in Nazi-occupied territory had been closed. Only German refugees who had already escaped Nazi-occupied territory could obtain visas. When the U.S. officially entered the war in December 1941, Jews trapped in Europe had almost no hope of immigrating.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4927.0,4957.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/annotation_set/1427/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e A bar mitzvah [Hebrew: son of commandments; plural: b’nai mitzvah] is a rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day. At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes. He is now duty-bound to keep the commandments, he puts on tefillin, and may be counted to the minyan quorum for public worship. He celebrates the bar mitzvah by being called up to the reading of the Torah in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=4957.0,4987.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/annotation_set/1427/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAuschwitz II, also known as Birkenau, had the largest total prisoner population. It was divided into more than a dozen sections separated by electronic barbed wire fences, and was patrolled by SS guards. The camp included sections for women, men, a family camp for Roma, and a family camp for Jewish families deported from the Theresienstadt ghetto. Auschwitz-Birkenau also contained the facilities for a killing center. It played a central role in the German plan to kill the Jews of Europe. Near Birkenau, the SS initially converted two farmhouses for use as gas chambers. “Provisional” gas chamber I went into operation in January 1942 and was later dismantled. “Provisional” gas chamber II operated from June 1942 through the fall of 1944. The SS judged these facilities to be inadequate for the scale of gassing they planned at Auschwitz-Birkenau. Four large crematorium buildings were constructed between March and June 1943. Each had three components: a disrobing area, a large gas chamber and crematorium ovens. The SS continued gassing operations at Auschwitz-Birkenau until November 1944.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5002.0,5017.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/annotation_set/1427/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFrankfurt [German: Frankfurt am Main] is a central German city on the Main River. In 1933, more than 26,000 Jews lived in Frankfurt, making the city the second-largest Jewish community in Germany. As soon as the Nazis rose to power in January 1933, the Jews of Frankfurt, like Jews all over Germany, were subjected to discrimination. The city's Jewish mayor was immediately kicked out of office and many Jewish workers were fired from their jobs. The Nazis in Frankfurt began their anti-Jewish boycott earlier than the rest of the country, and continued boycotting Jewish enterprises after the official one-day boycott of April 1, 1933. The Jews of Frankfurt responded to their community's seriously deteriorating economic circumstances by establishing a widespread welfare system. By 1935, almost 20 percent of the Jews in Frankfurt were being assisted by the welfare network. The Jewish community also boosted morale by setting up its own cultural activities, including a symphony, theater groups, and sports programs. During the Kristallnacht pogrom of November 9-10, 1938, many of the city's synagogues were burnt down, Jewish stores were attacked and pillaged, and homes were ransacked. The Frankfurt yeshiva was also destroyed. Soon, thousands of Jews were arrested and over 2,000 were sent to Buchenwald. The grave violence led many Jews to flee the country, and by May 1939, only about 14,000 Jews were left in Frankfurt. Just a few months after World War II broke out in September 1939, the Gestapo began the Aryanization process of confiscating Jewish property. The Frankfurt municipality bought Jewish community property for much less than its true worth, and the Jewish cemeteries were vandalized. In March 1941 Jews were made to do forced labor, and in October, the first Jews were deported to Lodz. On November 11, 1,052 Jews were sent to Minsk, and another 902 were deported to Riga on November 22. During 1942, 2,952 Jews from Frankfurt were sent to Theresienstadt. More Jews were deported eastward in late 1942 and throughout 1943. The last transport of Jews from Frankfurt was transferred to Theresienstadt in January 1944. Altogether, only 600 Jews from Frankfurt survived the war.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5047.0,5077.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/annotation_set/1427/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e A synagogue is a Jewish house of worship where the congregation meets for religious services and instruction.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5318.0,5348.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/annotation_set/1427/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e Shabbat (Hebrew) or Shabbos (Yiddish) is the Jewish Sabbath and is observed on Saturdays. Shabbat observance entails refraining from work activities and engaging in restful activities to honor the day. Shabbat begins at sundown on Friday night and is ushered in by lighting candles and reciting a blessing. It is closed the following evening with the recitation of the havdalah blessing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5587.0,5617.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/annotation_set/1427/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e A mikveh or mikvah is a pool of water, gathered from rain or from a spring, which is used for ritual purification and ablutions.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5587.0,5617.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/annotation_set/1427/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e Beth Jacob is an Orthodox synagogue on LaVista Road in Atlanta founded in 1942 by former members of Ahavath Achim who were looking for a more Orthodox congregation. Beth Jacob is now Atlanta’s largest Orthodox congregation. The congregation first met in a rented grocery store on Parkway Drive. It moved to a permanent location on Boulevard when it purchased and renovated a two-story apartment building. In 1956, it converted the Tabernacle Baptist Church on Boulevard to a synagogue. It built its current synagogue building on a five-acre lot on LaVista Road in 1961. Rabbi Joseph Safra was the congregation’s first permanent rabbi in 1951, followed by Rabbi Emanuel Feldman from 1952 to 1991. Rabbi Ilan Feldman has been the congregation’s Senior Rabbi since his father Emanuel’s retirement in 1991.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5647.0,5670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/annotation_set/1427/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e The Korean War was a war between North Korea (with the support of China and the Soviet Union) and South Korea (with the support of the United Nations, principally from the United States). The war began on June 25, 1950 when North Korea invaded South Korea following clashes along the border and insurrections in the south. The war ended unofficially on July 27, 1953 in an armistice.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5707.0,5737.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/annotation_set/1427/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e Fort Bragg is a United States Army installation near the city of Fayetteville, North Carolina. It was founded in 1918 and named after Confederate General Braxton Bragg (1817-1866). Various units trained at Fort Bragg during World War II, including the 9th Infantry Division, 2nd Armored Division, 82nd Airborne Division, 100th Infantry Division, and various field artillery groups. The 82nd Airborne division was assigned to the fort in 1946 after returning from Europe. The XVIII Airborne Corps was reactivated at Fort Bragg in 1951 and has participated in the Cold War and the Gulf War (Operation Desert Storm) in 1991. Fort Bragg (along with Pope Air Force Base, which was established near the base in 1919) forms one of the largest active military complexes in the world today.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5767.0,5797.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/annotation_set/1427/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e Atlanta, Georgia is the capital and largest city in the state of Georgia. During the American Civil War it was a strategically important city for the Confederacy until it was captured in 1864. The city was almost entirely burnt to the ground during General William Sherman’s March to the Sea. After the war, the city rebounded and became a national industrial center.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5804.0,5812.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/annotation_set/1427/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e Georgia Institute of Technology, which is commonly referred to as Georgia Tech is a public research university and institute of technology in Atlanta. It was founded in 1885 during Reconstruction as part of the plan to build a industrial economy in the post-Civil War South.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5829.0,5857.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/annotation_set/1427/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e The Selective Service System, an independent federal agency in the U.S., was created to administer the military draft nationwide to conscript troops quickly in the event of war. Founded in 1940, the Selective Service System oversaw the military registration of all draft-age males (ages 18 - 25).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5857.0,5870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/annotation_set/1427/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e Yom Kippur [Hebrew: “day of atonement”] The most sacred day of the Jewish year. Yom Kippur is a 25-hour fast day. Most of the day is spent in prayer, reciting yizkor for deceased relatives, confessing sins, requesting divine forgiveness, and listening to Torah readings and sermons. People greet each other with the wish that they may be sealed in the heavenly book for a good year ahead. The day ends with the blowing of the shofar (a ram’s horn).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5857.0,5870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/annotation_set/1427/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e The process for an alien to become a United States citizen, with a few exceptions, included two steps: filing a declaration of intent, which was also referred to as first papers, and filing a petition for naturalization. After residing in the United States for two years, an alien could file a declaration of intent or first papers. After three additional years, the alien could petition for naturalization. After the petition was granted, a certificate of citizenship was issued to the alien.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5887.0,5891.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/annotation_set/1427/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e Boulevard is a street and corridor of the Old Fourth Ward neighborhood of Atlanta, Georgia. The street runs east of, and parallel to, Atlanta's Downtown Connector.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=5947.0,5977.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/annotation_set/1427/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e The Social Security Administration is an agency of the United States federal government. It oversees the administration of Social Security, which is a social insurance program consist of retirement, disability, and survivor benefits. It was found in 1935 during President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s administration.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6037.0,6067.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/annotation_set/1427/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e World War I, also called First World War or Great War, was an international conflict that in 1914–18 embroiled most of the nations of Europe along with Russia, the United States, the Middle East, and other regions. The war pitted the Central Powers—mainly Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey—against the Allies—mainly France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, Japan, and, from 1917, the United States. It ended with the defeat of the Central Powers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510#t=6109.0,6126.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132728/file/247510/annotation_set/1427/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e Midtown High School, formerly Henry W. Grady High School, is a public high school located in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. It began as Boys High School and was one of the first two high schools established by Atlanta Public Schools in 1872. In 1947, the school was named after Henry W. Grady, a famous journalist and orator in the Reconstruction Era, but controversially, a white supremacist. 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