{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/xk84j0bp2s/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Baron, Eva Chajmovitz (2001)"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2001-04-19 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eEva Chaimovitz Baron interviewed by Sara Ghitis on April 19, 2001 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eEva Chajmovitz Baron was born in Huszt, Hungary (which was part of Czechoslovakia in 1931) to Piroshka “Piri” Rozner and Ignac Chajmovitz. She was raised in Huszt, Hungary, where her father was a prosperous businessman and a respected member of the Jewish community. She also had two brothers: Maxim (the older brother) and Ladislav (the younger). The family lived a rather well off life in Huszt.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhen Germany invaded Hungary near the end of the war in 1944, they pushed most of the Jews into ghettos. Eva was deported with her family from a ghetto to Auschwitz-Birkenau at the age of 12 where she was separated from her family; Her mother and Ladislav died and her father and Maxim were sent to work on the men’s side, where they eventually died as well. Eva’s health declined in the camp but nevertheless she survived and remained in the camp until 1944 when she was death marched from there to a labor camp in Germany and eventually death marched to Theresienstadt.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTheresienstadt was liberated by the Red Army, and Eva, along with a small group, struck out from the ghetto to make her way home to find any remaining family. She returned to Budapest and found her mother’s sister still alive. She moved in with her aunt’s family and lived with them until emigrating to the United States in 1947.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBetween then and there, Eva and family left Budapest and lived in a DP camp outside Munich. Eva mad plans to leave with a group to live in Palestine, but her aunt wouldn’t allow her to go. Soon after, Eva was taken to the United States by a refugee committee specializing in the relocation of displaced children. She arrived in New York in January of 1947. She was held on Ellis Island before being shipped down to Miami Beach where her mother’s brother lived.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eShe lived with her uncle’s family and went through school. She attended the University of Miami before moving to New York to study nursing. She became an R.N. and then returned to University, working and going to school simultaneously. She married her husband, Murray Baron, in 1948 and they had two daughters, Andrea and Pamela. Today, Eva lives in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eEva’s interview mostly focuses on her liberation from Auschwitz and her life upon arrival in the United States. She discusses her immediate experience following her liberation in Auschwitz as she began to make her way back to Hungary. She retells staying in Prague and travelling with a group of women on her way to Budapest, where she finds one of her surviving family members, her mother’s sister.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAnother large focus is about how Eva and her family tried to get out of Hungary. Eva’s aunt decided they could not stay in the country any longer. She talks about staying in a Displaced Person’s camp and her brief attempt to leave her family and make her way to Palestine. She covers her solo trip to the United States and her arrival on Ellis Island, where she stayed in the hospital for a little while.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFrom there she details adjusting to life in the United States, learning English and going to school. She goes from high school in Miami to a year of college at the University of Miami. She left that college, though, to become a registered nurse up at Mt. Sinai in New York. She later completed her higher education in college after becoming an R.N.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe rest of the interview follows life with her husband. She talks about the birth of her children and how her anxieties over loosing people affected her life when she had children. She also talks about when her family moved to Atlanta and how she felt about the move.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/27964"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Holocaust (topical term)","Hungary (geographic term)","United States (geographic term)","Miami (Fl.) (geographic term)","Atlanta (Ga.) (geographic term)","Auschwitz (geographic term)","Immigration (topical term)","World War II (topical term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eEva Chaimovitz Baron interviewed by Sara Ghitis on April 19, 2001 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEva Chajmovitz Baron was born in Huszt, Hungary (which was part of Czechoslovakia in 1931) to Piroshka “Piri” Rozner and Ignac Chajmovitz. She was raised in Huszt, Hungary, where her father was a prosperous businessman and a respected member of the Jewish community. She also had two brothers: Maxim (the older brother) and Ladislav (the younger). The family lived a rather well off life in Huszt.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhen Germany invaded Hungary near the end of the war in 1944, they pushed most of the Jews into ghettos. Eva was deported with her family from a ghetto to Auschwitz-Birkenau at the age of 12 where she was separated from her family; Her mother and Ladislav died and her father and Maxim were sent to work on the men’s side, where they eventually died as well. Eva’s health declined in the camp but nevertheless she survived and remained in the camp until 1944 when she was death marched from there to a labor camp in Germany and eventually death marched to Theresienstadt.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTheresienstadt was liberated by the Red Army, and Eva, along with a small group, struck out from the ghetto to make her way home to find any remaining family. She returned to Budapest and found her mother’s sister still alive. She moved in with her aunt’s family and lived with them until emigrating to the United States in 1947.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBetween then and there, Eva and family left Budapest and lived in a DP camp outside Munich. Eva mad plans to leave with a group to live in Palestine, but her aunt wouldn’t allow her to go. Soon after, Eva was taken to the United States by a refugee committee specializing in the relocation of displaced children. She arrived in New York in January of 1947. She was held on Ellis Island before being shipped down to Miami Beach where her mother’s brother lived.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eShe lived with her uncle’s family and went through school. She attended the University of Miami before moving to New York to study nursing. She became an R.N. and then returned to University, working and going to school simultaneously. She married her husband, Murray Baron, in 1948 and they had two daughters, Andrea and Pamela. Today, Eva lives in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEva’s interview mostly focuses on her liberation from Auschwitz and her life upon arrival in the United States. She discusses her immediate experience following her liberation in Auschwitz as she began to make her way back to Hungary. She retells staying in Prague and travelling with a group of women on her way to Budapest, where she finds one of her surviving family members, her mother’s sister.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAnother large focus is about how Eva and her family tried to get out of Hungary. Eva’s aunt decided they could not stay in the country any longer. She talks about staying in a Displaced Person’s camp and her brief attempt to leave her family and make her way to Palestine. She covers her solo trip to the United States and her arrival on Ellis Island, where she stayed in the hospital for a little while.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFrom there she details adjusting to life in the United States, learning English and going to school. She goes from high school in Miami to a year of college at the University of Miami. She left that college, though, to become a registered nurse up at Mt. Sinai in New York. She later completed her higher education in college after becoming an R.N.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe rest of the interview follows life with her husband. She talks about the birth of her children and how her anxieties over loosing people affected her life when she had children. She also talks about when her family moved to Atlanta and how she felt about the move.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/097/475/small/Baron_Eva.mp4_1600786309.jpg?1600771910","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Baron_Eva.mp4"]},"duration":14329.351,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/097/475/small/Baron_Eva.mp4_1600786309.jpg?1600771910","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/097/475/original/Baron_Eva.mp4?1600771905","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":14329.351,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Eva Baron [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GHITIS: Today is April 19th, 2001. We are in Atlanta, Georgia, interviewing\nMrs. Eva Baron. Mrs. Baron, I would like for you to pronounce your name and to\nspell it.\n\nBARON: Eva Baron. E-v-a B-a-r-o-n.\n\nGHITIS: And what is your maiden name?\n\nBARON: Chajmovitz.\n\nGHITIS: Could you spell it?\n\nBARON: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"C-h-a-j-m-o-v-i-t-z. A challenge all the time.\n\nGHITIS: What is your Hebrew name?\n\nBARON: Channah.\n\nGHITIS: Do you know who you were named after?\n\nBARON: My grandmother on my mother's side.\n\nGHITIS: What was her name?\n\nBARON: Hanna Rosner. Channa Rosner.\n\nGHITIS: Where were you born?\n\nBARON: I was born in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hungary, which was really Czechoslovakia when I was born.\nSmall village called Herincse. It's always difficult, because each of these\nplaces have two names. It was Horinchovo as a Czech place; it became Herincse as\na Hungarian place.\n\nGHITIS: Could you spell the name of the place where you were born?\n\nBARON: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H-e-r-i-n-c-e, with an umlaut over the C.\n\nGHITIS: What is it close to? What [unclear]\n\nBARON: Well, it's in the foothills of the Carpathian Mountains, on the western\nside. Hust is really--I was born in Herince, but, my grandmother lived there,\nand I guess my mother was there when she gave birth, but ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we come from Hust,\nwhich is a town. I don't know if I can call it a city; it was a town. It also is\nnear Siget, where Elie Wiesel comes from; it's near Munkach, another city in\nthat area.\n\nGHITIS: What year were you born?\n\nBARON: In 1931.\n\nGHITIS: How old are you now?\n\nBARON: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sixty-nine.\n\nGHITIS: Do you have any memories of your life before the war?\n\nBARON: Yes. All pleasant, all--as a child, you know, very good life. Very loving\nfamily, very comfortable, very sheltered. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know what to say about it,\nother than it was a very happy home.\n\nGHITIS: What were your parents' names?\n\nBARON: My father was Ignac Chajmovitz. My mother was Piri Rosner Chajmovitz.\n\nGHITIS: Any siblings?\n\nBARON: Two brothers. Max, my older brother, and Litu, my younger ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"brother.\n\nGHITIS: What happened with them?\n\nBARON: None of -- I'm the only survivor of the family.\n\nGHITIS: What memories about the war years stand out?\n\nBARON: You see, nothing happened in my memory. I cannot tell you how a grown-up\nwould say this about the very same ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"place of people, but in my life, nothing\nterrible happened to me till 1944. I was always aware that things are bad. Our\nradio was confiscated way before that, and Jewish businesses were closed down\nand moved to side streets from main streets, you know, during the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years before\n1944. So we were extremely aware of the fact that we are Jews and we are being\npersecuted. But physically, no harm came to us, except for in 1942 they -- You\nsee, we were Czechs till 1938 and at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that time different pacts were made with\nHitler, these different countries, and he reapportioned Czechoslovakia, and we\nbecame Hungarian. Our area, which was originally Hungarian -- my mother was a\nHungarian-speaking person and went to Hungarian school, because this small place\nwas always in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"flux, and after the First World War there was a treaty, the\nTrianon Peace Treaty, and it took big Hungary, so to speak, and sort of divided\nit, and part of it--they created Czechoslovakia and we fell into that area, part\nof it went to Rumania, the southern part went to Slovenia, and Hungary became\nmuch, much smaller between the First and Second World ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Wars. When Hitler started\nhis march and did away, I mean, came into Prague as you know, very early on, he\ngave that part of Czechoslovakia back to Hungary, where I come from, and part of\nRumania back to Hungary, etc., etc. So, we were aware of that, but for some\nreason in 1942, there ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were people, and I don't know who they were, or what was\nthe background that they were labeled as such, but they were labeled as\n\"not-Hungarian nationals\". Jewish people. And they rounded them up and they\ndeported them, and I just remember that there were houses that were empty. There\nwas a house across the street from us that was empty. And the village where I\nwas born, where my grandmother ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lived, was a village with 900 -- you know I don't\nknow whether it was 900 Jews or 900 families. I just don't know now. I think\nthere were something like, I think 900 families. And they rounded up the whole\nvillage, because that was already going into Carpathia Mont-- I don't know, but\nthey thought that was not really Hungarian, so they rounded them up, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that\nwhole village. It was an upheaval. I was nine, ten years old, and I remember\nthat my father quickly brought my grandmother into our town, put her to bed, the\ndoctor was called, that she was sick. And he disappeared with some officials. My\nfather was the president of the Jewish community and for money, I don't really\nknow what happened, but they had them on the train in our ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"town, these people\nfrom my village came and they were on the train ready to go to Poland. And my\nfather -- I don't know what he did -- and two officials, they disappeared for\nthree days. They went to a city called Ungvár [Ukraine], also known as\nUshgorod, and that was the county seat, and I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"think money was exchanged, and\nwhatever happened, he came back three days later, and they let these people go\nback to their town. And so, when you say, \"Was it a happy childhood?\", on a\npersonal level very happy, but actually, I was born into the Hitler era, and\nfrom the time I was born, we were -- Hitler was a presence in our life.\n\nGHITIS: We're ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"going to move forward to keep the war years, because you have told\nthat story.\n\nBARON: Yes.\n\nGHITIS: When were you liberated?\n\nBARON: I was liberated the end of the war.\n\nGHITIS: Did you [unclear, cross talk]\n\nBARON: In Theresienstadt by the Russians. It was the end of the war.\n\nGHITIS: What memories do you have from that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"moment?\n\nBARON: Well, I was in Theresienstadt for three weeks only. We were marched there\nfrom another camp. And I was very ill. Very, very sick. And so that liberation\nwas -- I felt no joy. I didn't know where I was, really. I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that sick.\n\nGHITIS: How old were you?\n\nBARON: I was thirteen. Just turned fourteen, I guess. And I knew that the\nRussians, you know, the Russians are here. But you see, Theresienstadt was a\ncity, walled in, so ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it wasn't like a camp where you looked up and there were the\nsoldiers, you know, the occupiers. You had to go out through the walls, through\nthe gates, to see them, which I didn't. I didn't make it. I got out the second\nday. They were marching German soldiers back from-- Russian ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"soldiers with guns,\nand German prisoners. And I remember looking at them [the German prisoners],\nsome of them, very bad shape, men in very bad shape. And I kept on saying: \"Look\nhow bad they look.\" And I had to remind myself that they were Germans. What am\nI--? You know. It was such an upheaval. The thing I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"remember is being so weak,\nand so sick. And very much alone. And although the Russians, I guess they tried,\nat one point I remember being weighed by somebody, somebody in a uniform, a lady\nand a man. I thought they were a doctor and a nurse. Maybe she was a nurse, but\nhe wasn't a doctor. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We received no medical help. And you see, in the last few\nweeks before the war ended, thousands of people came into Theresienstadt from\nall kinds of little camps, the kind I was in, where they worked in factories, in\nmunitions factories. So they were all in bad shape. Like I ate grass on that\ndeath march, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and everybody had some kind of gastro-intestinal problem, so that\ntyphus, and lice and dirt, and there was typhus. And they locked us in. They\nquarantined--there were buildings, and they, when they marched us into these\nbuildings, and then the Russians came. After the Russians came, the Russians\ndidn't know what to do with these diseases. They just quarantined ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"us, and we\ncouldn't even get out of that building. And we got kasha for food, so really a\nlot of people died in Theresienstadt in the five, six weeks after occupation.\n\nGHITIS: What happened after Theresienstadt?\n\nBARON: Well, in the middle of the night, one night, I got cured by an odd\ncircumstance, got ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"better. Because I begged -- I went for a walk, I think I tell,\nI told that story because I really attribute to that incident my life. Went out\nof the gates. It was a sunny day, with a friend, and we went for a walk, and it\nwas--we saw a field--we saw steam or smoke, or something like that, from far\naway. Not so far away, but over a hill, and we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sort of walked towards that, and\nas we got on top of the hill and looked down, we realized it's a field kitchen,\na military field kitchen. And this man, an old soldier -- he looked old to me,\nheavy, curly mustache -- was cleaning pots. And there was this stove, and that's\nthe steam we saw. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was boiling water. And I knew some Russian. We asked for\nfood, and he shrugged his shoulders, and he said he doesn't have any food. And\nthen he said -- it's like it hit him -- and he took a huge damask -- I remember\nthe napkin -- napkin and went to another cauldron there and he filled it with\nrice. Just boiled, dry ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rice. He made a little, you know, he put the four corners\ntogether, and he handed us this rice. And the two of us grabbed it, and we ran\nback up the hill and out of site. And we sat down on the ground, and with out\nhands scooped up the rice, and stuffed ourselves with the rice. Apparently,\nthat's what I needed. It got rid of the diarrhea, and after that I started ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to,\nwithin two days, I started to -- when I used to go to the bathroom forty times a\nnight, crawl on my knees, and that went away.\n\nAnd a week later, some women said: \"We have to leave here. We are going to die\nhere.\" And in the middle of the night, towards morning, but it was still dark, I\nremember ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that, two sisters, a daughter, and I, they were from my hometown, some\nothers, just a handful of people, we snuck out--we were not really guarded,\nlocked up--\n\nand snuck out, got to the gates, got to the big gates, and got out. And it was\nlike dawn, just started to get ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"light. We started to walk to Prague. And somebody\nlater on we were walking, I don't know, a couple of hours, when a truck came by\nand they picked us up. I don't know who, just a truck. In the back of the truck\nwe got on, and we got to Prague that way.\n\nIn Prague, they, we ended up in this hotel Im-ka ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"-- it's interesting, I suddenly\nremember that I said [sounds like] \"Em-keh\" in the other tape, because there is\nan Emkeh in Budapest, and this is an Im-ka in Prague.\n\nGHITIS: What does Im-ka stand for?\n\nBARON: I don't know.\n\nGHITIS: It was not [cross talk]\n\nBARON: You know, it was not, no, no, no. No it wasn't. It was a hotel that was\nstripped of furniture, except for the lobby, but the rooms had no furniture in\nit, because they had mattresses on the floor. They had to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"accommodate an awful\nlot of people, so depending on the size of the room there were five, six, eight\npeople in a room. Maybe there was a chair or two, but I only remember\nmattresses. And we were given a room like that. I was in Prague for six weeks. I\nstarted to eat there. We were fed. There were--the Czech people were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wonderful.\nThey were just wonderful.\n\nGHITIS: Who was feeding you?\n\nBARON: I don't know. But there were all kinds of centers set up all over town.\nNot just hotels like this one. There were more than one of these hotels. See, it\nwas so centrally located in the sense that people from Germany coming back from\ncamp going to Hungary -- see, I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"only know about the Hungarian Jews. These were\nall Hungarian Jews. And, they were going east from there. And then people were\ncoming from Hungary to Prague. Look, people were looking for each other, for\nfamilies. And so there were these centers set up in Prague. One was a Red Cross\nthing at the railroad station all over they were giving food.\n\nGHITIS: [unclear]\n\nBARON: The ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hotel.\n\nGHITIS: Who funded your stay in the hotel?\n\nBARON: The Czech people. At that point there was no other involvement, to my knowledge.\n\nGHITIS: When did you--\n\nBARON: And we needed no money. There were trolleys. You know, all you had to do\n\nwas show your tattoo, and you went. And, it just occurred to me, I am not\ntattooed, and I remember ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"saying: \"How am I going to get around, I'm not\ntattooed.\" But I had a number sewn on to my clothes, and so I always wore that\ndress. It was a dress. It was the only dress I had. Well, all you had to do was\nlook at me and you knew where I belonged. But I remember not having any money\nand not needing any money. Literally not needing any ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"money in Prague. I was\nthere for six weeks.\n\nGHITIS: Where did you go from Prague?\n\nBARON: Well, in Prague I found out my father died. I knew my mother was dead. I\nnever wanted to know, but I knew, because I saw her go to the gas chamber with\nmy younger brother. And in Prague, quite by accident, there was a man who came\ninto the room and didn't recognize me. I didn't know ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him. I didn't even know\npeople in my hometown all that well. Everybody was an adult and I always felt\nthey were my parents' friends. My age group was gone. And he said, \"Chajmowitz\n--\" and he tried, somebody made motions behind my back not to say anything. I\nguess they didn't want me to find out right there and then that my father really\ndidn't make it. I was so sure he was going ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to make it, and I found out that he\nwas dead.\n\nI had an aunt in Budapest I knew about. My mother's younger sister, and I know,\nI figured I have to go to Budapest. And so, again I attached myself to a group\nof people. \"Let's go.\" We were just in Prague ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"really to get some physical\nenergy, some something back, to be able to just move. And that I achieved in\nPrague. They fixed me up physically. I went to a center, I had my shoes all\nthrough camp, and they gave me a pair of sandals; This time is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June. They gave\nme a dress, a summer dress. So that, whatever I had on I could take off. I\npacked everything up very nicely and I had a little package. And I set off for\nBudapest with these people.\n\nWell, I think that there is about three hundred kilometers, or three hundred and\nfifty kilometers between those two cities. It took us I think eight ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"days,\nbecause trains were not going. We got started on a train, the train went for an\nhour or so and then stopped and that was it. You had to get off and sit around\nand wait till something else moving was coming, and we got on another train, we\ngot on a cart with a horse. Whoever was moving in the direction. Mostly in train\nstations we felt safest. To just sit ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"around and wait for some other train to\ncome and move in that direction.\n\nThe last leg of the trip I remember very well, because the night before we were\nsleeping, we were at the train station, dumped during the day sometime, and we\nwere just sitting around, and it became dark. There were some flat cars, just\nflat, you know, sitting, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we climbed on that. We decided we'll sleep here.\nAnd we fell asleep, and during the night, some Russian soldiers came and\nessentially robbed us. Took all our possessions. And the thing about that was --\nwell, nobody had anything of value -- but everybody had some kind of a little\nbundle by then. And the thing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about that was, it was really terrible for me\nbecause (a) I didn't even wake up; nobody woke me up, why they didn't. They just\nhanded over to them whatever we had. And when I woke up, my bundle was gone, and\nmy shoes were gone. And I had those shoes, those were my shoes. And I was going\nto keep those shoes forever. They were my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"shoes, because in Auschwitz when they\ntook all your things away, [doorbell rings] and they strip you naked -- can I go?\n\n[cut to a new location]\n\nYeah? Should I say something? What shall I say?\n\nGHITIS: What just happened?\n\nBARON: Oh! We were interrupted by the door bell, and I got this delivery [shows\noff a large bouquet of flowers], because it has occurred to me just today that\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's my anniversary, and this is my child, my baby, who sent it, who never forgets.\n\nGHITIS: What's her name?\n\nBARON: Pamela. But, takes us away from our story, so let's get back.\n\nGHITIS: How long have you been married?\n\nBARON: Forty-three years.\n\n[cut back to old location]\n\nGHITIS: You were talking about the incident when you were on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"your way to\nBudapest from Prague--\n\nBARON: Yes.\n\nGHITIS: --And they took your shoes.\n\nBARON: And they took my shoes. And I was going to keep those shoes. Those shoes,\nthose shoes saved my life. We were forever marching, and those shoes lasted\nthrough the whole year. And my father made me put those shoes on just before\nthey took us off the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wagons in Auschwitz. And I had sandals on, and he said:\n\"No, put on these shoes.\" And they were leather lined, winter shoes, you know,\nlike ski shoes. And laced up high like little boots, and that carried me through\ncamp. But the soles went and somebody made-- there was a shoemaker's wife who\nknew how to do it, and I had these, almost like ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cardboard, she made out of\ncardboard soles. And they were very special. Anyway, the Russians took it from\nme. And so that's what I woke up to in the morning. I was very upset. I have\nthought about it many times later on, why was I so upset? But I was more upset\nabout this than about many other things ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that might seem more important, but I\njust wanted to keep those shoes. I knew that, that that was the only thing I was\ngoing to have to keep. And I lost them after the war on the way home, I lost\nthem. I mean, they took them from me.\n\nAnd, anyway, the train came sometime during the day, the train came. That was\nthe last leg. We got on the roof of that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"train--was very, very crowded--and\nthere were some Rumanian soldiers, which was, to me, I kept on staring at them\nbecause they were wearing make-up. Officers, at a certain point in Rumania, they\nwere wearing corsets, I mean under the uniforms, it was that kind of--and\nmake-up. And that was very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"odd. And the train was so slow that these guys would\njump off the train, pick cherries or something near the tracks and jump up\nagain, and we ate whatever they picked. And that was the last leg.\n\nFew hours--it was still daylight when we got to Budapest. I really don't, must\nhave been ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"already Hungary when we got on the train because it was the last leg\nof the eight days. And I got to Budapest. I knew exactly where my aunt lived. I\ngot off, and I had this summer dress that I was given in Prague, and it tore. It\ntotally tore. The collar sort of kept it together, but my back was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all exposed\nalready. It was all torn. I was in shreds. I was wearing that all through these\ndays and nights. And I literally ran from -- I don't know how far it is, from\nthe railroad station to my aunt's house -- but I remember running all the way,\nand I know that you had to take a cab under normal circumstances. I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there a\nlot with my mother before the war. She used to go to Budapest and take me along.\nSo I got to my aunt's apartment, and I knew my aunt had a little boy who was\nborn, I think in [19]41, in 1940 or [19]41, but I didn't know that she had\nanother baby. She was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"holding a nine-month-old baby. Well, I found out it was a\nnine-month-old baby. And she put the baby, she was, sort of a courtyard, and she\nwas at the door as I came running, and as she realized of who I was -- she was\nforever looking out for people, because people were always coming through and\nothers already ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came, relatives -- as she realized of who I was, she put the baby\non the ground, she just put him down, and fainted. She just couldn't believe\nthat I was alive. I mean--she just--everybody who came through up till then were\nadults. Everybody assured ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"her that we are not alive. My brother was fifteen. I\nknew already by then--I don't know who, I mean, who said he didn't make it? I\ndon't know. So I came to my aunt's house in Budapest and I was with her from\nthen ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on.\n\nMy aunt was--she had two little boys. She had Tom. Tom was nine months old. And\nJulius was three-and-a-half or four at that time, and her husband, and they were\nin the restaurant business. The restaurant was closed during the height of\nfighting in Budapest; there was a lot of street combat in Budapest. She was, by\nthe way, saved. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have to mention that because the man should be enshrined, and\nhe's always left out for some reason, is that Raoul Wallenberg was responsible\nfor her life and her children's lives. They arrested my uncle and he was on a\nmarch some place. Somehow she got him got him out of there with jewelry and\nmoney and whatever, and she was then in -- see, I don't really know where he ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was\n-- but she was in a so-called Swedish house that was arranged by Raul\nWallenberg. Personally, she went, that was, you know, it's another story, it's\nanother book. But it's, that's how she remained in Budapest. How a lot of people\nremained in Budapest. A lot of Jews that remained alive in Hungary were in\nBudapest, because they left the city for last, and they never got to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it.\n\nGHITIS: What did you do during your stay in Budapest?\n\nBARON: Well, I got there and, you know, all through this time, you must say it,\nI have to tell you that I was not really thinking, or planning, or anything,\nbecause in that respect I think I was just shell-shocked through the whole time.\nI was sort of without any emotions. But, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was glad to be there. I was glad--I\nloved my aunt, and my aunt and my mother and one other sister who did not come\nback, we were close, very, very close. She was in our house a lot when she was\nstill single. She was--I felt, I have somebody.\n\nGHITIS: How was she related to you? What side was she--\n\nBARON: My mother's sister. My mother's younger ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sister.\n\nGHITIS: And what was her name?\n\nBARON: Sarah. And, well it was Serena, and she never, in Hungarian actually, she\njust thought that was so un-American when she came here she, because in Jewish\nshe was Sarah, you know, in Hebrew. So, she was Sarah. She just remained Sarah.\nAnd ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it, as I said, they were in the hotel business, uh, restaurant business.\nThat was closed during the war, during the fighting. She never wanted to open\nit. She said: \"I am no longer staying in this city, in this country, in this\ncontinent.\" She just wanted to get out. And so, we had a hard time, because they\ndid not open the business, and my uncle went to work for the UNRRA, I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"think. It\nwas just difficult. And we were just trying, I don't know what we were trying to\nget. Papers? Or Underground things, because as time went on it started to get\ndifficult to leave Budapest, because by that time you had to worry about the\nRussians. So, it was just, day-to-day living. I don't know what to tell you.\nBut, she enrolled me in school that fall, fall of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[19]45 I was in school in\nBudapest. I didn't finish, but I went to school. And some time, not in the\nwinter, in the spring of [19]46, I know it was not so cold anymore. I can only\nremember things by \"was I freezing? Was I not freezing? Or something.\" We left.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But, I also went home. I knew that we had stuff hidden in underground; My father\nshowed me where. I didn't want to go home. And my aunt said: \"You know, you will\nnever forgive yourself if you don't take a look.\" I heard so many stories of\nwhat happened; ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I just didn't want to go. And I went, but unfortunately, they\njust sent me. I mean, I just went. I mean, a kid. I think I went with a cousin,\nan older cousin. I mean a few years older than I. And I should have gone, I\ndon't know. My uncle should have come with me, or somebody, you know, because I\nfound everything. And these two guys showed up from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my cousin's home town that\nshe knew, and they said, \"Well, we'll go with you.\" I mean, it was such a crazy\nthing. But in turned out these guys took everything away from us. And there was\na lot of stuff there that I found. And it was very disappointing. It was two\nJewish guys that my cousin knew very well. Abe Berkowitz and Abe Moskowitz,\ntheir ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"names. It was a bad experience to be back where my--the building where\nmy--that whole building that my father's offices were was a restaurant. And our\nhouse was totally empty. Totally empty. They even--our kitchen had tiles, sort\nof not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the ceiling, but tiles. It was tiles all around. It was a fairly new\nhouse. And they took tiles and door jambs off looking for money, or looking for\nvaluables, or whatever they were looking for. Also the bathroom was tiled. There\nwere tiles. And I found out that they were looking. And I found out that there\nwere people. There was a man who was in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"camp with my father, who survived, and\nhe was looking. Whether he had any discussions with my father, obviously, if he\ndid have discussions with my father, he didn't tell him where things were,\nbecause I found them. I found where, but one part of what he put away was so\nmuch that we couldn't carry it away. We had to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hire a wagon. The other part,\nthat was more valuable, but small, they took away. It was a long story of how.\n\nBut there we were, we were stuck in our town, we went to eat in this restaurant\nwhich was my father's offices. Was a little one-story building on the main,\nanyway, it was the offices of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"business. And, we went in there. That was also\nodd. I was in there eating dinner and I saw desks. And I saw everything that\nwas-- it was only a year later when I was there. So, while we were eating, a\nyoung man came in, came to our table. A man, a young man who was also eating,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but maybe somebody pointed me out to him, I don't know. He came over to our\ntable, and he said: \"I know who you are, and I want you to know that you are,\nthe day of the bourgeois\" [pronounced boor-joy] that means bourgeois [pronounced\ncorrectly] I think, yeah, \"are over, and that you have no ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"claims here anymore.\nAnd that, don't think that you're still your father's daughter.\" And that was a\nJewish boy. I did not know him. And he also made some comment about he was very\npoor, I don't know, but I was terribly frightened. I was terribly frightened. We\ndid not want to stay ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there, so we hired this-- Another thing happened that -- I\nsaw a little girl wearing my dress. A dress. The dress was made in the fall of\n1943, so it was not an old dress. And it was made in Budapest in a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children's\nsalon, in a children's--it was a place just for children. I think it still\nexists. I went to that street when I was -- anyway, it was, it was just a\nbeautiful dress. And it was, you know, handmade, and it had, it was just\nbeautiful. And, in fact, I had a portrait picture ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"taken of it, in Budapest, when\nthe dress was finished. Something I don't have. And this little girl in bare\nfeet, with filthy face, straggling hair, dirty little girl was wearing it. And\nit had a, not a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bow, a certain, the belt had a certain thing on it, and the same\nthing appeared here, and that was sort of half torn off. And I don't know but,\nseeing that dress, I don't know, it seemed to me that--everything was finished.\nIt was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just finished. Totally finished. Because the house was not mine, it\ndidn't look like mine. I found a piece of paper, two pieces of paper from a\nnotebook where my little brother was learning to write. And you know how they\nmake special extra little lines for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children? And it was that kind of a\nnotebook, and I was so involved with that, when he was learning to write, that I\nwas teaching him, I gave him a hard time. I made the first letter, and he had to\ncopy me, you know, each letter you copy. And I found a piece of paper like that.\nSo, you know--and then this business with these possessions that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were, and then\nthe man in the office, in the restaurant, and then that dress. And I said, \"you\nhave to leave here, like immediately.\" We hired a carriage -- a cart, with a\nhorse, with a driver, because one of the stuff that was dug into the ground,\nbelieve it or not, and it wasn't outside, it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was inside the house, there was a\nplace under the floor. My father had this idea that we'd all come back some day,\nbecause he had arranged for us to be hidden, which is something we never got to,\nand we'll have no clothing. So, for every member of the family, there were two\nsets of clothing, and a bunch of shirts for him. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shirts. Bags. Two, three bags\nfor my mother. But, the rest was silver, 24 flatware, also a silver tray with\npitchers and cups. Not demitasse, for white, black, you know, coffee, because\nthe cups were big and the pitchers were big. The silver was, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that was ten\nkilograms of silver, and it was bulky. And I don't know how many hundreds of\nminks. I mean this sounds, when I think back of it, apparently it was very late\nalready. My father found himself with a lot of cash and they said there was\nnothing. I mean, things were bad. I'm talking ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about late [19]43, he bought these\nminks to get rid of the cash. They said these minks are very valuable. But of\ncourse, the minks were under ground, but they were packed in tobacco. There was\ntobacco, I remember tobacco. And there we had a cart full of stuff and I didn't\nhave the other part where there were very important ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"papers, jewelry, money.\nSmall, but more valuable than that. But we put it on this cart and we went to my\ncousin's hometown, because we were afraid to stay there. And my father had a\nvery good reputation. I guess the crime here was that he was rich. And this is\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"communism. And the Jews were part of that after the war.\n\nGHITIS: Do you have with you now any of those objects?\n\nBARON: Nothing, because you see, we got to this other part, town, and we started\nto carry the stuff into the house we were staying there. Also not in my cousin's\nhouse, because my cousin's house was a school. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we were in another house. And,\nas we were putting things away, we didn't, we weren't even sure what do we have\nhere, and to see my mother's bags and clothing, and my father's shirts, it was\njust something, and I was paying very little attention to any of it. But as we\nput, the heavy part was the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"silver. We took the silver and put it away\nsomewhere, and out of the blue, because you know, this was our silver. I knew\nour silver. Out of the blue I said to my cousin, I said: \"Lilly, where are the\nspoons?\" And, look, there are no spoons. There are a bunch of forks and knives\nand ladles, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whatever. There are no spoons. And that's what hit us -- these\nguys took the spoons. Well, spoons have the most silver in it, you see. And\nthat's when we realized that the other part, that they got it. Of course, they\nwere gone. Somebody found them in Brooklyn, one of them anyway. I could never\nface them, because the story was that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they met with very bad luck. One was very\nsick, one tried to--stayed too long there [Budapest] and the borders closed.\nTried to get across, was shot at. Took every -- who am I, what am I going to do\nwith these people, in New York fifteen years later or something when I talked\nabout it. So, we were there. And Lilly and I stayed there. There were people who\nbrought ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"us food -- peasant women, people who knew the family. I remember trying\nto kill a chicken. Somebody brought us a live chicken and we didn't know how to\nkill the chicken, to try to cook. Just tell you we were so hungry still for good\nfood. And one night we woke up in middle of the night and we had nothing, we had\nno food around. We looked and looked and looked and we found ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"butter. Butter that\nsome peasant lady brought us the day before. And the two of us sat down with two\nspoons and we were eating the butter. And I think about it, of what we are\ntalking now after the war.\n\nBut we didn't want to hang around, because we knew this was going to be\ndangerous. We were too close. And indeed, that part is Ukraine. It didn't even\nbecome Hungary. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It didn't become Czechoslovakia. It became the Ukraine. By ten,\nfifteen kilometers it became the Ukraine. So Lilly and I had it out. We sold\nwhatever we could. The minks went, I don't know, I ended up with a few hundred\ndollars, because that was the currency you were dealing with in the sense if you\ndid find ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"somebody who would buy something like that. We paid absolutely no\nattention. Went back to Budapest and that was during the summer. I said the fall\nI went to school, but all of that happened. Essentially, I found nothing that my\nfather meant for me to find, because what really bugged me about it years later\nis that I didn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have information about Swiss banks, stuff like that. That there\nwas money. I didn't have that information, which wouldn't have done me any good\nanyway the way thing turned out, but it was that kind of stuff which they\ncouldn't use, but there was also a lot of stuff in terms of diamonds, personal\njewelry. But a lot of stuff that was portable and valuable. Portable, small ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and\nvaluable. So it was a very bad experience for me to be back in my home town\nbecause of these things.\n\nGHITIS: How were you able to leave Hungary? How did that happen?\n\nBARON: Well, you see, once I was with my aunt, I went where she went. I was\nstill following my concentration camp ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mentality. Don't move if they push you\nthis way, if they push you that way. I don't know. I did not think for myself,\nthat's for sure, when I was in Budapest. I did go to school in the fall, made\nsome friends. Went to the movies, saw a lot of French pictures, was somehow\neasy, as I said ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to, in my Shoah tape, there was a lady in one of the camps who\nwas a French teacher, who was teaching me French. So somehow to my ear it was\nsomehow easier to go see French pictures. And English pictures, because that was\ntotally strange.\n\nI had my aunt, I took care of the baby. Was very fond of the baby. Still fond of\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him. I look at this man with the great mustache, and said: \"my God, he was the\nbaby.\" As I said, she said we have to leave. What she did, where she went to\nregister for this, because there were, you had to go underground already. You\nhad to leave with a transport, I don't know who was conducting ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this. I still\ndon't remember any American, U.N., or that kind of involvement. They were\norganizing locally and doing it. People like us, only that's what they were\ndoing, and maybe they already had some people there from Israel-- from\nPalestine, I don't know. But one day we said it's time ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to go. We were packed up,\nagain some backpack kind of thing, and we went to the center and it didn't work.\nWe went back home. I think we had like three, four tries before we got on, on\nthe way. And I remember, on trucks. I know that when we were crossing the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"border\nfrom Hungary to Austria, it was the middle of the night, we were on trucks, we\nhad to be quiet, and we didn't know how the children would do, so we taped their\nmouths. I remember taping the mouth of Julius and Tom.\n\nSo we left. It was, it was, it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was anxiety provoking. It was not legal anymore.\nAnd there we were, you know, the two babies, the mother and father and I. We\nwent to Vienna. We went to what I think, I know it was the Rothschild, the\nRothschild Hospital, I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"think. That was a collecting place. And from there we\nwent to Munich. On trains, on trucks, it is so vague. It was such a nightmare\nthat just to do it.\n\nWe went to a D.P. [Displaced Persons] camp near Munich. I think the name was\nAschau. But it was a D.P. camp ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"near Munich.\n\nGHITIS: What's the name of the--?\n\nBARON: Aschau.\n\nGHITIS: Can you spell it, please?\n\nBARON: I think it was A-s-c-h-a-u. But you know, I don't know. We did not stay\nthere. There were other people. This was the [unclear] planning to go to\nPalestine from that D.P. camp. My aunt did not want to go to Palestine, but I\nwanted to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go to Palestine. And it was really a struggle there. There were\ngroups, they started to have groups of children, teenagers, mostly 17-,\n18-year-olds. And there were some kids there from Budapest. In other words, they\nwere leaving Budapest, they were never in camp. And some were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"survivors. And I\ngot myself into one of these groups, and they gave us Hebrew lessons in the\nafternoon, and I was getting ready to go to. I just--it didn't make sense to me\nto go any other place. But my aunt, I don't know, by that time--I don't know who\nshe was in touch with--I had one uncle in Palestine, who actually was in medical\nschool in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Brun, Czechoslovakia, when Hitler came to Czechoslovakia. And he ran,\nback to Hungary, and from there to Turkey, to [unclear]. He was a young man. He\ngot out to Palestine somehow. But I was very young, I mean I knew him, but I was\nvery young when this all happened. I don't know, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"six or seven when he was doing\nthat. And he got out and then tried from there to come to the United States\nbecause he had two brothers here, and just didn't make it. My uncle tried here,\nand I think that he got Columbia to accept him, somehow tried, but the United\nStates entered the war and that was cut off. But I didn't know ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"any of this until\nlater, of what happened to him. I just knew I had an uncle there at that point.\nAnd my aunt just--at one point, this group of young people were leaving. Small\ngroup. There were a lot of people there. And she sat on me. She literally sat on\nme, because I was, I mean, \"Where are you going? With whom? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Why?\" I think the\nonly--the amazing thing about that to me, in retrospect, is that I was happy to\nbe with my aunt, but I was ready to leave her. I mean, it just didn't matter. It\njust didn't matter. But I didn't go. And she said we have to leave this camp. We\nleft the D.P. camp, we went to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Frankfurt [Germany].\n\n Oh.\n\nGHITIS: We were talking about your departure from Hungary and how you went to a\nDP camp and then you left the DP camp. Tell us--\n\nBARON: We left the DP camp because, well, my aunt didn't want to stay there. We\nwent to Frankfurt, like ordinary human beings, on our ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"own, and settled, so to\nspeak, outside of Frank--Frankfurt was bombed. I mean, after the war, I don't\nthink there were two or three buildings standing. And Griesheim, which was like\na suburb, but the trolley--It was the last stop if you took a certain trolley\nfrom Frankfurt, the city of Frankfurt. Griesheim, and we rented a house there or\nwhatever, and by that time ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there were more of us. You know, there were the three\nsingle girls, my cousins were already with us, then there were cousins of my\naunt, my mother's cousins and their children. We started to congregate. From, I\ndon't know, they just -- And we were there for a little while, for a short\nwhile, and we decided that nobody has enough money that this is going to go.\nBecause everybody was registering, everybody ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was going to come to the United\nStates, but it just wasn't going that fast. And we are not going to have enough\nmoney to live regularly in a house, you know, or pay rent rent, or whatever. So\nwe went to Bad Salzschlierf, which is not too far from Frankfurt, near Folda,\nand that was a DP camp.\n\nGHITIS: Could you spell that name?\n\nBARON: Bad, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B-a-d, capital S-a-l-z-s-c-h-l-i-e-r-f. Don't kill me if I'm missing\na letter there or something. Bad Salzschlierf, it was a spa, that was a spa\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"always, because \"bad\" means \"spa.\"\n\nAgain, we were housed there. There were also returning German war veterans in\nthat camp. It was a town, it was a spa, but it was a DP camp. There were a lot\nof people there not living in big halls or tents, but in big houses, or\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pensions, little hotels. We lived in one of those. And by that time, as I said,\nthere was a whole group of us. You know, my mother's family was large, and it\nwas like two or three from this branch, and two or three people from that\nbranch, so there were like first cousins and second cousins, and we just stuck\ntogether. We were all there but leaving at different times. My mother -- my aunt\nregistered me ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the children's transport, so I was separate. She was separate\nbecause she had small children, so she had preference. The other, there were\nsome who stayed there a year longer than I did, because they were just adults\nand they were left behind. So, we were there.\n\nBy that time, a cousin of ours who was in the military, United States ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"military,\nwas looking for us. Went from DP camp to DP camp, and found us. He was, I think,\n24 at that point, a lieutenant. And, so we knew-- he visited whenever he could.\nHe also got us blankets from the PX, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"green military blankets. We had them dyed.\nWe went to Frankfort to a tailor and we had brown blanket coats for the winter.\nWe had army pants dyed brown, apparently the khaki took to brown very well\nbecause everything was dyed brown, and he got it for us. So that just occurred\nto me.\n\nAnd all of waiting, waiting to be called, waiting to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"come. My time came, I think\nI was in Saxon [Germany]. Anyway, I was put on a train. My number was called and\nI went through whatever I had to go through, the official things. Got on a\ntrain, went to Bremerhaven [Germany], from there we were -- I got to\nBremerhaven, and I think the week before, or the week ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after the ships went on\nstrike. So instead of being of Bremerhaven -- this was in the fall, late fall --\nit was cold -- of [19]46, so instead of being in Bremerhaven for two or three\ndays, you know, on our way, I was there for two or three months, because the\nships were on strike. All the ships that were transporting these people were on strike.\n\nGHITIS: Where did ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you stay?\n\nBARON: In Bremerhaven? In barrack-like accommodations. You know, again, I think\nthere were two, three--You see, they processed them in Frankfurt, and they kept\non sending them to Bremerhaven, but they were not taking them from Bremerhaven,\nso pretty soon we were very crowded in Bremerhaven.\n\nGHITIS: Do you know who was sponsoring [unclear]\n\nBARON: I think the United ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"States was involved already. I know that I was\nsponsored by--well my uncle paid for it, the one who's here. But it was for\nthe--I came with the United States Committee for Displaced Children. That was\nthe title of the group. But they were in touch with my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"uncle. And they assessed\nhis situation, or where I'm going to live, and asked, so he paid for me and paid\nfor another child. That was his contribution, you know. I don't know. Jewish\npeople were in involved in these things, social work service from here. I really\ndon't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know. But that was my group. It was a different group from my aunt and she\nwas a woman with children, a husband and children. Different for other adults,\nwhatever, but that's how I came, and I came by myself. And I ended up coming on\na ship called, it was a converted battle ship. The name was Ernie Pyle. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was a\nvery famous newspaper man who was killed. And there was a portrait of him in one\nof the rooms, the common rooms, on the ship. And ever after, you know, because\nthat name comes up from time to time, because he was a hero of the Second World\nWar, and they named that ship after him. I guess he was killed before the war\nwas over, during one of the--because that ship was already ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"named after him. Or,\nthey named these ships later. They were for the purpose of bringing these\npeople. They were not huge, but they were battle ships. And I came to the United States.\n\nGHITIS: What was the trip like?\n\nBARON: The trip was very bad because it was long. It was thirteen days, and\neverybody was seasick. I was less seasick than some; there were some kids, see,\nwe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came first class because we came with the children's transport. First class\nmeant that there were like eight, ten of us in a room, instead of a hundred\npeople further down below. I met a friend of my father's on the ship that I was\nsorry to meet, because, I don't know. He was a doctor in our home town and he\nwas in camp with my father, and he just proceeded to tell me all the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"horrible\nthings that was in camp that I was just not, you know, how my father was acting.\nIt was through him that I knew the details, actually of what happened to my\nfather and brother, and that was on the ship. And I was sick, and he came, he\nfound, I don't know, he found me. He was down, way down below. And my trip was ok.\n\nI got to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"States. We all ran out to see the Statue of Liberty, and everybody\nwas throwing a coin, and somebody gave me a coin, and said, \"Throw it and make a\nwish. That's for good luck.\" I threw it; I never made a wish, though. I just\nwasn't wishing.\n\nGHITIS: I want to go back to your trip. You were saying that this man started\ntelling you how your father's life ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ended and what it was like for him in the\ncamp. How did you feel about it. Can you tell me more about what it was like\n[cross talk]\n\nBARON: Well, it was, I was, it was, I was mixed with a lot of anger against this\nman. This man, knew my family, my mother all his life. There was some connection\nbefore she was even ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"married, I don't quite know. You know family, not related.\nAnd my father did not use him as a doctor. It was just a silly thing, but there\nwas just that kind of relationship. We used another doctor, which he never\nliked. He also was courting my mother at one point, way before my father entered\nthe picture, and there was just ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something about this man, who insisted on giving\nme details on the ship! I didn't see him much; he was far below. He was with a\ngroup of men, or whatever, and I was on top. And he, I guess, you know, I never\nknew how people found each other, but they found each other, because whenever\nyou were thrown together, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"survivors immediately: \"Who is here? From what town?\nIs somebody here?\" He found me. He immediately proceeded to tell me how sick my\nfather got, and how he was trying to get fillings, gold fillings and a gold\ncrown from his mouth to save my brother. To get something for my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"brother, like\nthe shoes that saved my life. My brother had the same kind of shoes on, only\nmore for a boy; The toes were squarer and they were big. At fifteen, he was a\ntall, I think he was close to six feet. And while those shoes saved my life,\nthey sort of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"killed him, because very early on the game, some place, I think,\nthey ended up in Dachau, and I think this was before Dachau. I don't know where.\nThey counted us all the time in fives. During [unclear] appel, as the S.S. was\ncounting, he was looking down and he saw my brother's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"shoes. And right there and\nthen, he made him take off the shoes. And they took his shoes away. They gave\nhim a pair of Dutch shoes, you know, the wooden shoes. My brother, as strong and\nas tough as he was, I thought, was sort of spoiled. He never had stockings; they\nused to darn stockings. He never had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those. If he got a hole, that had to go. It\nbothered his feet. And I always remember that because of the shoe story. And\npretty soon, his skin started to break down at the rim of the shoes, at the\ninstep. And of course, eventually dust got in there as the skin was breaking\ndown, and as time went on, and there was no nourishment, it wasn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"healing. And\nthat was--it undid many people. So my father had to see his son go downhill.\nFairly early. And so he tried to pull his gold teeth. They didn't have--he had,\nyou know, they used to have gold crowns a long time ago. And I don't know how\nsuccessful he was, but the thing is he died before my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"brother.\n\nGHITIS: So you heard this story from the man on the ship?\n\nBARON: On the ship. And I didn't let him elaborate, because that was enough for\nme, the shoe story was enough for me. I add the rest because I did meet people\nlater on that I could sit down with and say, \"Tell me what happened.\" And it was\nthen somehow better than this man.\n\nGHITIS: Were you interested in finding ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out what happened? [cross talk]\n\nBARON: Yes, I wanted to know.\n\nGHITIS: Did you want [cross talk]\n\nBARON: Oh yes, I wanted to know. There was nothing they could tell me that I\nhave not seen. Didn't see it in the men's camp, but I saw it with us. There was\nnothing terrible that I was, I mean, it was all terrible, but was nothing that I\ncouldn't understand or accept. It just, the picture of my brother ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"standing and\nsaying Kaddish, it was really haunting me for a while. He died; he died soon\nafter. And some of the things--I mentioned a Mrs. Haber in my other tape, the\nShoah tape. It was Mr. Haber and son who were with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them, just like I was with\nMrs. Haber, and they survived. And they told me. And mostly Mike, the son, years\nlater, in New York. I was in school at the time in New York, and we would go for\na walk and I would say: \"Well, what else happened?\" And so, you know, because I\nknew they withheld some things, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"slowly. And never got the date. They\nactually gave me a date. And I didn't register the date. I keep a date for all\nfour of them, but I don't remember the exact date that they told me.\n\nGHITIS: Let's go back to the story of the arrival in the United States.\n\nBARON: Yes, the arrival. We arrived at noon, I think.\n\nGHITIS: Where did you arrive? At ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what port?\n\nBARON: In New York, one of them. In New York. And very, you know, whoever was in\ncharge of the children -- there were a lot of people there who were way above\nsixteen who simply said they're sixteen, because they knew that you will be\nprocessed faster and better, you know. And they call my name, Eva Chajmovitz. It\nalways ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seemed like I was being singled out for something, and not for something\ngood, you know. Called my name and I go up to this woman, and she said: \"Sit\ndown here.\" I'm the only one, and I'm sitting, and the woman speaks English. She\ncame aboard from-- and then people are getting off and people are getting off. A\nshipload of people; I don't know how many people. We were jammed on that boat.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And everybody gets off and it's four o'clock in the afternoon and I end up\nsitting on the chair all by myself. What happened? And nobody's telling me why.\nI mean, to think about it, they would all fail in sociology today, I tell you\nthat much. Then the woman sat, you know, from time to time she would sit. Then,\nwhen everybody, the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"last child left, you know, her group, she left. And I'm\nsitting there, and I'm sitting there. And the thing is, I was not upset. I don't\nremember being upset, or scared, or [unclear] just said: \"why am I sitting\nhere?\" Somebody else came, another woman came, soon. This one left soon, this\none came, and just, not a word but ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"English and said, you know: \"Come.\" I really\ndid not speak English at all; I would have done better in French at this point.\n\"Come,\" and I went with him; we got into a cab, the two of us. And, I felt no\nfear or anything, but it must have been emotionally exhausting to me not to know\nwhat is going on. And here I am. I already ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tossed my coin; I saw the Statue of\nLiberty. And then we got to this building, and there was a hallway with doors on\neach side, and this is a room. I didn't know at that time, but there was a\nhospital bed in that room, because it was high up, I remember. And I never saw a\nhospital bed, but it was a hospital bed. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And, you know, they gave me pajamas,\nsomething. I didn't even look. I don't even know that they put the lights on. I\nput on my pajamas, I crawled into bed and I went to sleep. I just fell dead\nasleep. I knew it was early. I mean, it was not late at night, but it was dark.\nWell, it was January, so it was dark early, so I don't know.\n\nI woke up the middle of the night. I heard ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=4830.0,4860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"crying. And I got out of bed, I\nremember always being amazed that the bed is high. Slid off the bed, went into\nthe hall, and I heard crying. And a baby crying. And I started to go towards the\nsound of the crying. There was a light on one end, and I think a woman was\nsitting there. And I think she had a nurse's uniform on. But it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was so vague. I\nmean, and I followed, and I got to the room where the crying was from, and door\nwas open, and I saw two people sitting near a bed. And I walked in. It wasn't a\nbed; it was a crib, because I could see the people and the crib. The back of the\npeople was towards the door. And I just went right ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"past and I looked into the\ncrib, and there was this baby. He was a hydrocephalic. Do you know what a\nhydrocephalic is? And I just, I mean my heart stopped beating, because I've\nnever seen anything like it. I have later seen in school hydrocephalics. I've\nnever seen anything like it before or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after. And I ran out of the room and I\nwent back to my bed, and I said: \"I'm in a hospital. I'm in something like a\nhospital.\" Well, I didn't know where I was. I went back to sleep. I fell asleep.\nI woke up in the morning, got out of bed. I realized then that I'm in striped\npajamas with a stripe down the back in red. Black and white stripes, and that\nthere are bars on the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"window. And I just, and I was just trying to look out the\nwindow. I couldn't, there were bars on the window. And if I strained very hard,\nI could see the Statue, the arm of the Statue of Liberty. I looked around, and\nwell, I was on Ellis Island. And this woman came -- and still nobody spoke to me\n-- this woman ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=4980.0,5010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came to wash the floors, a lady was washing the floors in the\nmorning. I don't even know if I had breakfast already. And I tried to speak to\nanybody. Those people with the baby, they were Serbs or something. Anyway, I did\nnot speak their language. Some of the rooms were empty. I think there was no\nother room except that baby and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I. And this woman was cleaning the floor, and I\ntried to talk to her, and she turned out to be German speaking.\n\n\"Where am I?\"\n\n\"This is Ellis Island. This is the hospital off Ellis Island.\"\n\nSo, as I found out what happened to me is that before, because we were children\nthey did, they did medical examination. You know, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=5040.0,5070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we came, we had a medical\nrecord with us -- x-rays, blood tests, whatever they did in Germany. They lost\nmine. I came without it. And they took me there just to re-do the x-ray and the\nwhatever they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did. But it took four, five days. So, there I was for four or five\ndays. I was fine; I was fine. And -- couldn't speak to anybody. And then they\nlet me out to a home in the Bronx [New York]. There was a home in the Bronx for\nthese, these kids.\n\nWhen I got there, everybody was there. All these people were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=5100.0,5130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there. And there\nwas a second cousin who got here six -- he somehow got out before the ship\nstrike, so it was like six months before he got here; he already spoke English.\nHe came to--constantly-- he came there every day, and he took me around in New\nYork, and I already knew that I was coming to Florida. It was a matter, again,\nit was processing papers and whatever. And then a woman came, I was, I\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even--this cousin put me on a bus to Atlantic City [New Jersey]. I just sat\nthere with a little piece of paper with the address, because my aunt and uncle\nand two children were already in Atlantic City at that point. And that's another\nstory. But that's where they were, and I wanted to go see them, because I was\ngoing to Florida and things were very far away. And then one day I was, ten days\nin that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=5160.0,5190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"place maybe, after, so it was a total, I think it was a total of three\nweeks from the time I disembarked till Miami, because I was on Ellis Island, and\nthen this home. And then a woman came and said: \"We're going to Florida,\" you\nknow? Went to the airport, went by ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=5190.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"plane. I went to the airport, this cousin\ncame; it was a midnight flight. He was driving me crazy, because he came with a\nbunch of newspaper headlines, just to tease, about plane crashes. I had never\nbeen on a plane before. Anyway, that was -- we got on the plane at midnight. I\nwas so--I mean by that time I was terribly excited. I mean to fly on a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=5220.0,5250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"plane;\nit's 1947. And finally, I'm -- it was always unknown where I'm going next. And I\nknew that I'm going some place where I'm going to have to stay there for a\nwhile. It's another thing with me; I always thought that I'm not going to stay\nin any one place very much long. We kept on moving, and I thought that was just\nfine. It was--I wonder what next year will ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=5250.0,5280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be. It was just fine to move around.\nAnd finally I knew I was coming some place where I knew I was going to have to\nstay, and I thought, God, it's midnight, you know, so excited, I'm going to look\nout the window, and I'm going to do this. I slept through the whole. Just shows\nyou that children just go to sleep no matter how exciting. And I woke up; it was\na seven-hour ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=5280.0,5310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"flight to Miami. Soon, two, three years later it became four hours,\nbut it was seven hours, because we got to Miami Beach at seven o'clock in the\nmorning. Getting off the plane and I recognized my uncle, who was already there\nfrom Palestine. And he and his older brother, the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=5310.0,5340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"uncle that I ended up living\nwith, were standing there waiting for me.\n\nGHITIS: Who were these relatives?\n\nBARON: These two brothers of my mother.\n\nGHITIS: What were their names?\n\nBARON: David Rosner -- my mother's maiden name was Rosner -- and Jay. They\ncalled him Jay. I think his name was Jacob, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=5340.0,5370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it was Jay, who was already\nthere from Palestine. I didn't know that. Well, I knew he left, because my aunt\nkept using that as a weapon: \"You wanted to go to Palestine; Jay left\nPalestine,\" you know. This kind of thing. It wasn't his [unclear].\n\nGHITIS: How had your aunts and uncles [cross talk]\n\nBARON: I don't know.\n\nGHITIS: [unclear] to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=5370.0,5400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Miami.\n\nBARON: Oh, my uncle that I lived with. He came there long ago. Long ago. And\ninteresting part of it is that his wife was my mother's cousin, because they\nmarried. First cousins. So I really came into a home where there were no\nstrangers, so to speak. They both knew my mother. One was a brother, and a close\nbrother. My mother's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=5400.0,5430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family was a very close family.\n\nGHITIS: How did you communicate with them?\n\nBARON: Hungarian! Oh, they spoke Hungarian. Jay, Uncle Jay, he spoke many\nlanguages, because he was Czech educated, you see, because of that, what I said before.\n\nGHITIS: Can you relive that moment of your encounter with your uncles?\n\nBARON: With him, with them, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=5430.0,5460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"particularly?\n\nGHITIS: Yes. How did you feel, what did you think?\n\nBARON: Oh, I just looked at them. I was happy to see Jay, because as I said, I\nwas six when I last saw him, so it was really much later, but still it was\nsomeone from the times when everybody was alive. The uncle who was here was like\nnothing to me, at that -- I mean, he was from another world. I can't quite\nexplain that. I was coming there, and I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=5460.0,5490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ready to embrace anything, but he\nwas from this other world, whereas Jay, who was standing there, was from my\nprevious life. So it was good to see him, but I didn't jump up and down or hug\nand kiss. I don't remember that. Because here I am, I looked horrible, which was\ndescribed to me ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=5490.0,5520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"later. I was very fat by then. I was wearing my brown blanket\ncoat. I mean, it was winter, and I took that off and I was wearing this brown\narmy thing underneath, and it's Miami Beach, you know! February 4th.\n\nGHITIS: What else did they tell you about the way you looked?\n\nBARON: Oh, they didn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=5520.0,5550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tell me anything until much later, because I could see it\nin the mirror how I looked. I had an awful lot of hair; After my hair was\nshaven, it came in for some reason very curly. Always had a lot of hair, but\ncurly! I used to have wavy hair. It sprung back easy, but I had tight curls.\nAlmost like a black person's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=5550.0,5580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"waves in hair. And lots of it. And fat! Because I\nate nothing but carbohydrates in these camps, you know.\n\nAnd we drove, of course this lady is with me, and my two uncles are sitting in\nthe front. One is driving, and I'm sitting in the back with this woman. And of\ncourse we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=5580.0,5610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"arrived in the city, the airport, we then have to drive over to Miami\nBeach, up and across 5th Street Causeway, which I didn't know then, but what was\ninteresting was that we were on the Causeway, and there was this gorgeous\ncolored water on both sides. I never saw a palm tree before in my life. And the\nwater was blue and the sky was blue, and there were a few white clouds in the\nsky, and the sun was shining, and there were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=5610.0,5640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hibiscus, red hibiscus all over.\nYou know, when I was in Miami Beach, it was a village. It was nothing like it is\nnow, or even close to it. It was a small town. And I was, where am I? You know,\nthis was after all the storms, the freezing, and that's how I came. I walked\ninto the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=5640.0,5670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"house, and a cousin of mine, the son, was still sleeping. He was out of\nthe Navy, recently out of the Navy at that time. They got him out of bed, I\nremember, he came out and he wasn't very happy because they woke him up to come\noutside to say hello. And I had, my aunt's mother was there from -- they lived\nin Atlantic City. And my aunt's mother, who ordinarily would ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=5670.0,5700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be a stranger,\nreally a great aunt of mine, because she was a sister of my grandfather. And she\nknew my mother very well. So you see, sides of the family were waiting. Oh, and\nSarah, who got to the States earlier than I, was brought down by herself to\nMiami Beach, the brothers got her down to just [unclear]. She ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=5700.0,5730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kept on saying,\n\"Piri's little girl is coming.\" And I was not a little girl. I was a big fat girl.\n\nGHITIS: How old were you at this time?\n\nBARON: Fourteen. Fourteen-and-a-half, going to fifteen. [cross talk]\n\nGHITIS: What year was this?\n\nBARON: Forty-seven! And I was fat. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=5730.0,5760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they looked at me and they said: \"Piri's\nlittle girl?\" And I mean, you know, and they were a lot of things going on that\nI found out later. My uncle wanted to adopt me. There were arguments about that,\nbecause Sarah said: \"Piri's little girl, the youngest survivor. You know, what\nare we going to do with--\" Everybody was employable, or of an age that, you\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=5760.0,5790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know. Anyway, they didn't, they should have waited for me. I didn't want to be\nadopted. I don't know why there were arguments about adoption. I was fine. I\ndidn't want -- I was not looking for another mother, which I think, you know,\npeople thought maybe. I wasn't. Didn't want another mother. I appreciated a good\naunt, but I did not look for another mother, or another ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=5790.0,5820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"name, although the name\nwas my mother's maiden name. But they were very nice. I was well received. They\ndidn't know, I couldn't talk to my cousins. None of my cousins spoke Hungarian.\nOnly my mother's generation spoke Hungarian, and they didn't speak Hungarian --\nthey spoke Hungarian to each other if they didn't want the kids to understand or\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=5820.0,5850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something, you know. It wasn't the clannish Hungarian situation like you usually\ndo. I guess it's because of my uncle's business. He had just had to deal with so\nmany different, you know, American people, not necessarily Hungarian. So they\nwere not Hungarian -- to each other, yes. So, I could speak to them, I could\nspeak to my great aunt, and great uncle, who were there only for the winter.\nThey lived in Atlantic City.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=5850.0,5880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anyway, that was my arrival in Miami Beach. And it was Thursday, and it was\nmorning, and in the afternoon they gave me a blouse to put on, I was in these\nwinter things. We were rushed over to another uncle's house, to the father of\nthe guy soldier who found us, that was another uncle, because his mother-in-law\nwas dying, and they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=5880.0,5910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wanted me to see her. And she indeed died, I think that\nevening. They just, you know, they brought me over. So that was the first day in\nMiami Beach. It was on the beach, on 28th Street, in the residential area. And\nthat was Thursday, and on Monday, they took me to school.\n\nGHITIS: Which school?\n\nBARON: Miami Beach High School. Junior high, to high school, they were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=5910.0,5940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"together.\nAnd there I stood, and they registered me, and I said--I did everything with a\nshrug of a shoulder.\n\nGHITIS: OK.\n\nBARON: We were talking about my first day in Miami beach. They took me to see [unintelligible] and I was in school. I didn't expect to have discussions in the first few ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=5940.0,5970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"days. Briefly, I was living with my aunt and uncle for 4 years and grown children - cousins. Not only them - there was another uncle and a family and Jay and another four brothers living there. Each--except Jay was not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=5970.0,6000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"married--each married with families. Nobody asked me what happened to me. It was just--I decided right there and then--better keep quiet. It really wasn't so much a conscious decision. I felt it's futility to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=6000.0,6030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"open your mouth and to try to say anything. I didn't and I haven't for years and years and years. Occasionally--later on, Pamela would overhear me talk to somebody and then spin a story around it on her own. When she was five, I remember I went to pick her up at the Jewish Community Center after school--some ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=6030.0,6060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kind of a summer program. I walked in and the teacher said, \"You're not old.\" I looked at her. \"You're not that old,\" she said. I looked at her questioningly. Pamela was telling us how you were fighting underground. She made up--she so wanted me to be a heroine. So she heard ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=6060.0,6090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the conversations here and there and she gave me credit for everything she heard. She told the teacher that I was in the war and I fought. When I walked the teacher said, \"That couldn't have been.\"\n\nGHITIS: When you look back at your time in Miami with your relatives, what do you think was going on in their minds that they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=6090.0,6120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"didn't ask you or in their feelings?\n\nBARON: You know, my uncle was very good to me. With all my being fat, I didn't have candy prior to DP camps so I loved chocolate and I loved chocolate cake. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=6120.0,6150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had chocolate cake for breakfast and I had chocolate cake at lunch and I went to sleep with chocolate cake. My aunt who was very conscious of how you look, took me to the doctor. The doctor was very smart. First of all, I thought with all my being fat that I was under nourished in the sense that I didn't have the proper food. He ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=6150.0,6180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said, \"Listen, she is a child. She is starved for candy and for cake and stuff like that. You just let her eat.\" I know that I was on the scale and I weighed at that point with Dr. Peterson that I was 172 lbs. I was not menstruating. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=6180.0,6210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was not well. If you want to look deeper, physically I was not with it yet. My teeth were loose because the gums were going. Things like that. I was in school immediately. I had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=6210.0,6240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to cope with this business. I was the only one. See in New York City or other cities a lot of people came and other people were used to it. I was such an oddity they wrote about me in the Miami-Herald--there was a small article. Also, because my uncle was a prominent citizen of the community--because of the hotel industry. The local Jewish Floridian had an article ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=6240.0,6270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about me and the school paper had an article about me. So, I was this odd ball and the only one in school. Everyone was looking and everybody was trying very hard to be nice. I just didn't understand them. I came home on Monday from the first day of school. A cousin picked me up. Monday we were registered. Tuesday I started school. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=6270.0,6300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came home and I said to my aunt in Hungarian, \"It is pointless for me to go on. They speak too fast. I will never learn to speak this language. Just let me stay home.\" I just didn't want to go back to school the next day, but I did. I picked up the language. I didn't speak it as fast as I picked it up. I was afraid to open my mouth. I don't have a good ear for languages. I shouldn't have had an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=6300.0,6330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"accent. My two cousins--that I keep on mentioning--they were much old. They were from Italy and went into the army, immediately. Both of them speak without an accent, but they're also linguists. Both of them speak several languages. They have a talent for it.\n\nGHITIS: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=6330.0,6360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We were talking about your arrival and living in Miami Beach with relatives.\n\nBARON: Yes.\n\nGHITIS: What are your memories of that time of your life?\n\nBARON: Actually, I loved Miami Beach. I loved high school. I came on a Thursday,\nI was in school on Monday. I just liked being in school. I was the only one in\nthe whole school who ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=6360.0,6390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was foreign, or whatever, and they made a big to-do about\nit. Everybody was very nice. And I liked studying, and I liked being in school,\nso it was a very good experience. I was living with an uncle and that was, had\nits ups and downs, but essentially it was ok. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=6390.0,6420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I got a scholarship to go to the\nUniversity of the Miami, and then I ran into problems at that point. I don't think.\n\nGHITIS: What were some of the challenges you faced in high school? As a young\nwoman just survived the war?\n\nBARON: Well, it's interesting because many times I think about it today about\nthat teenager, a young teenager with the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=6420.0,6450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"problems, and I say to myself--you\nknow, I didn't liken myself to anybody. I remember looking around the kids who\nwere my age who had you know, problems, they wanted to get into a certain club\nand they couldn't or were not accepted, and all of that was so besides the point\nfor me. All I wanted to do ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=6450.0,6480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was learn to speak English as fast as I can and that\ncame pretty easily. I didn't pay attention really to the style of living of\nteenagers. I didn't compare myself to them because I said: \"They're children.\"\nThey were my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=6480.0,6510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"age, but they were children, and I wasn't. And I did everything\nthey did, but I had like this double life. I did whatever they did. I was part\nof the group that had sleepovers and stuff like that, but there was always\nwithin me something, a certain sadness I think, and a certain ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=6510.0,6540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"knowledge that\nthey don't know how things really are and I know and it's another part of my\nlife. I can't quite explain it. It was the only way I could manage it. Nobody\nwanted to know anything about me. Not even, especially not the family. They\nnever asked me what happened or whatever. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=6540.0,6570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was comfortable. There were no money\nproblems as far as the family's concerned for me. You know, physically I was\ncomfortable. Emotionally, not only then but for a long time after that I was\ndetached. I was detached. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=6570.0,6600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kept information to myself and I think that was the\nonly way -- and by information I mean my take on life, my past experiences, my\nlosses were just set aside, but they were never apart from me. They were just\npart of me that nobody knew.\n\nGHITIS: Did you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=6600.0,6630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have a confidante at that time of your life?\n\nBARON: No. No. See I didn't, because Miami Beach was a small village when I came\nthere. We all knew each other in high school, and the whole community. And\ninterestingly enough, Miami Beach High School was like ninety percent Jewish,\nbut not religious, and my uncle had a kosher ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=6630.0,6660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hotel, and they were observant as\nfar as not driving on Saturday and a kosher home. Not Hasidic, not very\nreligious. I don't think any of my uncles had a hat to their name, it's just\nthat they lived that modern Orthodox life, and part of it must have been because\nof the business and they had this ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=6660.0,6690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"clientele from all over the country who were\nkosher, and they were like the cream of Jewish people in the country, like the\nBraunfmans from Canada and the Fuersteins from Boston area. These were families\nwho were all prominent, because at that time if you were kosher there were very\nfew places that you could go vacation and eat. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=6690.0,6720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that, you know, I met all\nthese people, and all these people knew that, what happened to me, but nobody\never asked me. I mean, I knew these people daily and it was also interesting\nthat there were so many people who within two, three months of my coming, I used\nto go after school and they were at the hotel at the pool or something. I used\nto write postcards for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=6720.0,6750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them, for their children home, and I never got over the\nfact -- and I don't mean people like the Braunfmans -- but there were some very,\nvery wealthy people there who couldn't write. I wrote their postcards and they\nwould say: \"Look at her! She just came here and she's writing my postcards.\" And\nI would write their postcards, and it was really a very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=6750.0,6780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"comfortable existence,\nbut on a physical level, and I'm sure they thought that they're doing a great\njob by having me. But on an emotional level, it was zero. It was all, you know,\nit was in fact, perhaps even worse the fact that what I just went through, to be\nplunged into this ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=6780.0,6810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thing, this kind of life, and not have anyone around me who\nwas like me.\n\nGHITIS: What would you have liked them to do [inaudible] now that [cross talk]\n\nBARON: With hindsight, you know, with hindsight, I don't really think they were\ncapable of touching that. I don't think they did such a good job with their own\nchildren as far as emotional ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=6810.0,6840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"things. My uncle, who was my mother's brother, was\na very good person. My mother happened to be a favorite sister, so he loved me\nand I had no doubts about that. My aunt, who had a daughter and son, you know,\nthey had two children, I think was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=6840.0,6870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rather resentful. I think I would have done\nbetter with her had I not done well in school. I did very well in school, I was\nelected to the National Honor Society, you know, scholastically did well, was\npopular. I think had I not been, I think I would have done better with them. I\ncan't, you know, with hindsight, it's hard to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=6870.0,6900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tell. But it was not a happy\nsituation towards the end. I wanted to go to college. She did not want me to go\non with school. She wanted me to take a secretarial class and work maybe in the\nhotel, in the office someplace, stuff like that. It became hard, and I packed up\nand left.\n\nGHITIS: You said that when you arrived you had put on some ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=6900.0,6930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"weight.\n\nBARON: Well, when I came--\n\nGHITIS: Yes\n\nBARON: Yes, that's very interesting. It's because I was very skinny when I was\nliberated. You know, I was less than skinny. I was what they called the\nmuselmann at that time. And I just ate, ate everything in sight after\nliberation. I remember once waking up -- I don't know if I mentioned this -- but\nonce I woke up at the middle of the night at a cousin of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=6930.0,6960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mine, and we had\nnothing around as far as food was concerned, nothing special. We had some\nbutter. We just took this, one of the peasants bought us butter the day before,\nand we took the butter with two teaspoons, the two of us. We just sat there, we\nate the butter. We always laughed about that. Like it was ice cream, like\nsharing ice cream, and how did I swallow butter? And I constantly weighed\nmyself, and if I didn't gain ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=6960.0,6990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"weight, I was so upset. And that is the mentality I\ncame with to the States, but I was already fat. They kept on saying: \"Piri's\nlittle girl is coming,\" and this big horse came. I mean, I was at least size 16,\nand solid. But they took me to the doctor soon after I came, and he said I was\nundernourished. Because let's face it, what did I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=6990.0,7020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have after the, you know,\nliberation, in the DP camps, and where we were. We had food, and plenty of it,\nbut probably didn't eat the right things. And I was--my teeth were loose. All my\nteeth were loose. And it was like, I went to the dentist in Miami Beach, and it\nwas like the nick of time. Like he said it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=7020.0,7050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would have been the first\nfourteen-year-old with an upper and lower dentures. And he worked on me. You\nknow, those are the things, you know, that I had that was really a privilege,\nbecause if, you know, it was picked up and it was done, and it was costly. It\nwas no question about it. And I remember going to this dentist three times a\nweek for four months, right after school ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=7050.0,7080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"walked over to the dentist. He did\nthings that nowadays we do on our own, dental care, you know, the flossing, the\nmassaging, but people didn't do that at that time. And although he--I had I\ndon't know how many fillings, and that was taken care of. Also had a tooth that\nthey pulled by mistake, thought it was a baby tooth, but it really was my tooth,\nso he had to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=7080.0,7110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fill that because the roots were slanting. He put my mouth in\norder. I still have my own teeth, so he must have done a good job.\n\nSo, as I said, I was taken care of, and it sounds sort of maybe ungrateful, but\nwhen you are surrounded with my generation, even though they were all older\nexcept for one ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=7110.0,7140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"second cousin, who was my age, they were all away at college.\nThey were all college graduates. So somehow when you live in that atmosphere,\nwhen it's so important to go on with school, you don't understand why you should\nnot do it too.\n\nGHITIS: What about your social life. Did you date? Did you have a boyfriend?\n\nBARON: I dated on and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=7140.0,7170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"off later, you know, but that too was not important to me.\nIt just wasn't. I always thought that will be sometime later. And I remember I\nwas elected to be what they call a lady in waiting. I don't know what they had,\nI forget now, once a year it was a prom queen, or something like that, but it\nwas a whole ceremony. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=7170.0,7200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then she had these ladies in waiting, and I was one of\nthem, and I remember saying to myself I don't know why they did it. I was still\nfat, you know? But I was not sloppy fat; that was interesting. I still ran, I\nwas always in a relay race, since in Miami Beach, we had gym outside most of the\ntime, so we had all these activities outside. And I was good at it. I was very\nfast at running. I was just ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=7200.0,7230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fat. And when, this doctor who thought that I was\nundernourished said to my aunt, my aunt said: \"Well, she's eating chocolate\ncandy, and chocolate cake all the time.\" Because it was like a month. And that's\nall I wanted to eat -- I had chocolate cake for breakfast, and I had chocolate\ncake at midnight before I went to sleep, or whenever. And I got, I gained even\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=7230.0,7260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more weight. And this guy was very smart, he said, he asked me through my aunt\n-- I didn't even speak English when I saw him -- whether I was skinny or fat,\nhow I was as a child, and I was very skinny. And he said to my aunt, she told\nme, she should not take away anything from me. Especially not sweets, because I\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=7260.0,7290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"craved it. I haven't had anything for three years. So, my uncle took that really\nto his heart. He checked every time he came home, he checked whether there is\nchocolate cake. But, see they were in the hotel business, so it was always easy\nto have this stuff because they just brought home from -- and I loved\nseven-layer cake, and the baker knew it at the hotel, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=7290.0,7320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and when he had\nseven-layer cake he would always put away a whole cake for me. For the rest of\nthe week, I was eating seven-layer cake. It was that kind of a situation. And\nthen one morning, like this doctor, Peterson I think, predicted. I got up one\nmorning and I couldn't look at chocolate cake. But I ate it for a year, and I\nthink that was his point. And from that time on, and I not only ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=7320.0,7350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ate chocolate\ncake, from school I went straight to the hotel, an area that is so famous now\nbecause it's the art deco South Beach area, and that's where the hotel was.\n\nGHITIS: What was the name of the hotel?\n\nBARON: The hotel was the Victor Hotel, but they left that because that area got\nbad and they moved north, and then they had the Sterling Hotel for the rest of\nthe years, which was already on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=7350.0,7380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"67th Street.\n\nAnd, but, the Victor was on South Street and my school was on 13th Street\nfurther in and I just walked over to the hotel and stayed there. I always had\nsome after-school activity, went to the hotel, ate a seven-course meal, and then\nwent home. And that was also unusual because ordinarily, nobody at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=7380.0,7410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"home has a\nseven-course meal for dinner. I mean, if you're cooking. But, because it was a\nrestaurant setting, I just ate! I ate and ate. And it lasted for a year. And\nthen, as I said, suddenly it was like, enough. And I quit the chocolate cake,\nand then I quit the bread, and then I quit the, and, by the time I finished high\nschool, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=7410.0,7440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"only a couple more years, I was like 125 pounds from 172. But it went so\ngradually that when I left Miami Beach, I was 125 pounds.\n\nAnd that was another thing. They kept on looking at me, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=7440.0,7470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I kept on thinking:\n\"What are they looking at?\" I mean, what's so bad about eating? So I never got\nthis business, I know what you're trying, oh the fat girl. I never felt fat. I\nwas happy eating. I just thought people are being silly, that if they can eat\nthey're not eating. And that was really-- I never had the fat trauma that,\nbecause then I lost the weight and I never ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=7470.0,7500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gained it back, and I never dieted,\nand I was back where I was to start with, pretty much skinny. But there was that\nperiod from age fourteen, thirteen and, fourteen to almost seventeen where I was\nfat. It was very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=7500.0,7530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hard, because I wasn't obese looking, but I had, my face was\ntotally round, and as I said a size 16. According to the weight I should have\nbeen a size 18, but I always weighed heavier than I looked. And I lost the\nweight. So I never had that trauma of the--the fat trauma. I do remember cousins\nwalking behind me going like ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=7530.0,7560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this, [she puts her hand on her cheek, looking a\nbit shocked and dismayed] you know. We would go in bathing suits to the beach. I\nhad to buy two bathing suits to fit into one, because the bottoms needed to be\nmuch bigger than the top. Stuff like that. I feel like that people are saying:\n\"Oh my goodness.\" And I had two cousins who were on a perpetual diet. They, all\ntheir lives, and it's great to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=7560.0,7590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"eat, and I ate. It did not bother me. I was not\ntraumatized by those fat years at all. In fact I had always pulled it on people\nsaying: \"I was fat once, and I lost the weight.\" But I knew it was a period,\nbecause I was not fat before or after.\n\nGHITIS: What happened after high school?\n\nBARON: Well, as I said, I graduated pretty much on top of the class, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=7590.0,7620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they,\nwithin a few months, you know, of my arrival, they never treated me as, as\nsomething special. In other words, she doesn't know the language, therefore she\nshould do this or that or that. Because I was a very good -- I loved school. I\nmean, I got my assignment and, and also, it was very different for me because\nschool was very serious in my memory. School was very serious. And I was, you\nknow, you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=7620.0,7650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"got an assignment and nobody was doing it. Maybe did it next day or\nthe day after, you know, and it was a very good school; Miami Beach was known\nexcellent high school. But I would get my assignment, immediately start working\non it. Of course I had this business also, I did have a language, you know, even\nafter you speak, a language does not become your own for a long time. Even when\nyou speak it, you're thinking in another language, dreaming in another language,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=7650.0,7680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whatever. It takes a long time before a language becomes totally your own. But I\nliked school and I studied, and I was even tutoring by, in the eleventh grade I\nwas tutoring the football player. He became a big star later at Florida State, a\nfootball star. He would come over to the house and we would do chemistry and\nstuff like that together, but I liked it. I missed stuff because ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=7680.0,7710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was not in\nschool for three years, and because of the age they just sort of randomly put me\ninto ninth grade. They didn't quite know what to do with me. And they didn't\nknow how to test me. So I had to make up things, I had to sort of, you know, I'm\nsure I missed things, after all, not being in school for three years. But I\ngraduated, I would have been nineteen and a half, but because I did well and\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=7710.0,7740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because I had all the subjects, they simply let me -- I entered school in\nFebruary, as of February class, and I would have graduated February with the\nrest of the people, but, because of my age, they just let me graduate the June\nbefore. So I really was only like eighteen and a half when I finished high\nschool so I wouldn't be that much behind. I also was given a scholarship to the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=7740.0,7770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"University of Miami and I started to go, but it just wasn't working out at home.\nJust realized that, that I cannot go to school. It was just, it was very\nuncomfortable for me to stay.\n\nGHITIS: What happened?\n\nBARON: Well, as I said, my aunt simply did not want me to go on with college. I\nreally thing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=7770.0,7800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it has come to a point where she did not want me to be sort of\nequal with her daughter. I can't quite explain it. That hindsight -- and I loved\nher. I mean, again, my aunt was just not my aunt, I have to add. My aunt and\nuncle were first cousins, so that he was my mother's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=7800.0,7830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"brother, but she was my\nmother's cousin, and she knew my mother as well as he did from young days. So it\nwasn't that it was a woman that my uncle married who didn't know where I come\nfrom or something; it was something who knew exactly my mother and my\ngrandparents, whatever. Her mother was my great aunt. So, and she just didn't,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=7830.0,7860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and she did it in a conniving way. It was like her duty was whatever it was and\nshe has done it. I was now a big girl and I should, I don't know, go to work,\nwhatever. And I was driving, I had a friend living not too far away from us, who\nhad a car. She was out at the University of Miami. She would pick me up, we\nwould drive from the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=7860.0,7890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"beach to Coral Gables, it's a drive, and she started to\ntalk to me. She was a year ahead of me in high school, and she was in Syracuse\n[New York] for a year and came back because her father died, and she started to\ntell me about her cousin who went into nursing. And I said: \"Nursing? What is\nthat?\" And she started to tell me. She asked her cousin to write to me, and I\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=7890.0,7920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"didn't know, I mean, I knew of her cousin, she was also a couple of years ahead\nof me in high school; I didn't know her that well. And I said: \"Well, where is\nshe?\" when she first mentioned it and she said she's at Mt Sinai in New York.\nAnd then she just added: \"There are Mt. Sinai's in every city,\" she said. And I\nsort of, it was a bug planted, and then I said to myself, this is a way of\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=7920.0,7950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"continuing with something and also being able to live some place.\n\nSo I started to look into it, and I wrote, I simply wrote for applications and\nforms to Mt. Sinai in New York, Mount Sinai Philadelphia, Mt. Sinai Chicago. I\njust, she said there was a Mount Sinai every place, so I just, that's what I\ndid. And some of them, some, I mean, Mt. Sinai in Philadelphia, there was a Mt.\nSinai in Philadelphia was tiny little hospital ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=7950.0,7980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"someplace, and I don't even know\nif they had a nursing school, but that's what I did. And I remember a friend of\nmind say: \"Well, how will you make up your mind?\"\n\nI said: \"I'm going to go to whoever answers first.\" It was just that kind of a\nsituation. And Mt. Sinai in New York answered first. Not only did they answer,\nbut you see, I was in college at that time; they said that if I go out, it was\nlike ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=7980.0,8010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"November: \"If you go out to the University of Miami,\" they gave me\ninformation, \"to such and such a place at the university, you can take these\nparticular tests. And if you do all of this, you can still enter our February\nclass.\" 'Cause they had a February class as well as a September class. And I\nstarted to write it [the letters], I was thinking of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=8010.0,8040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"September class, later,\nthe next year. And then they came back with that and I saw an opportunity to\nsort of just make a clean fast break. But nobody knew about it. I didn't want, I\ngave my girlfriend's address as a return address. And I corresponded with Mt.\nSinai from my girlfriend's house. And ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=8040.0,8070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after I took my exams -- it was very\ndifficult to get into Mt. Sinai in New York. They only took like the top two,\nthree percent of the high school graduates. I mean, they, it was a school for\nnursing with such reputation that they could do that. So I didn't say anything\ntill it was signed and sealed, that they said: \"Yes we accept you, Yes you can\ncome in February.\" By that time it was like past Christmas into almost ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=8070.0,8100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"January,\nand my uncle was very upset, but essentially they said nothing. And there was a\nbig, the son, my cousin, I remember waking up at night once, was a horrendous\nargument between the son and mother, my aunt, where he thought that: \"Aren't you\nashamed?\" I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=8100.0,8130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"remember that, \"What will people say in the community that you let\nher go, after all, she is on a scholarship at the University.\" And it happened,\nyou know, in high school there's always a religious leader that's invited as one\nof the speakers during graduation. That year it was Rabbi [Irving] Lehrman, who\nwas the rabbi of a fairly new Conservative synagogue [Temple Emanu-El] that they\nbuilt, a huge ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=8130.0,8160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"conservative synagogue, and it was Rabbi Lehrman that handed me\nthe scholarship. And Rabbi Lehrman knew my uncle very well; my uncle knew him,\nalthough we did not go to that synagogue, they knew each other very well. And it\nwas like a to-do in the community, and my cousin thought that it was a shame to\nlet me go. It was an argument ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=8160.0,8190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and my aunt just said no. But by that time my mind\nwas made up. I was going to go.\n\nIt was very interesting because there's this long story. I had this diamond, a\ndiamond, 'cause I had some money left. I don't even want to go into that, but\nthey didn't know what to do with it. This is back before the DP camp after the\nwar. So my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=8190.0,8220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"aunt bought this diamond for me, and sort of meaningless, and then I\ncame to Miami Beach I gave it to my aunt for safekeeping. It wasn't mounted or\nanything; it was a stone. And I needed two hundred dollars; it was a one-time\ntuition to go to Mt. Sinai. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=8220.0,8250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And she said that she'll give me the two hundred\ndollars if I'll give her the diamond. And that really sat very, it -- I didn't\neven want the diamond, but it somehow was a very bad thing. Very bad thing. She\ndid a very bad thing. I don't think that anyone knew about it. It was somehow\nvery bad. I mean she did not need the money and she did ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=8250.0,8280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not need the diamond,\nand she, and that's-- so, you know, while I was dressed fine, as I said,\neverything was fine. And I guess she wanted me to be more grateful when I got a\nnew dress or anything, but they didn't realize that it just didn't mean anything\nto me. And none of the dresses were really as nice as ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=8280.0,8310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the dresses I got from my\nparents, because those were hand made and they were specially made and they were\nsuper-duper. And they knew that I had that and I wasn't going to be bowled over\nby another dress. They had so much clothes, they were especially my family, the\nwomen, were, I mean, my cousins were best dressed. You know in high school\nyou're voted best dressed? She ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=8310.0,8340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"went away to college and belonged to a sorority,\nbest dressed and such. So they were just clothes, and it was just meaningless,\nand I really wasn't maybe showing enough gratitude when I got something new? I\ndon't know. It was not a good relationship with the aunt, but it became a good\nrelationship later again, but it was my doing. And I didn't leave under good\ncircumstances ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=8340.0,8370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at all. Nobody came to the train to see me off. They sent the\ndoorman, the doorman from the hotel drove me to the. I mean, I was leaving and\nit was the doorman that drove me to the train. And Miami Beach, they had, Miami\nhad two stations. Was a big train station then they stopped again before it left\nthe city, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=8370.0,8400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when the train stopped my girlfriend and her nana or whatever the\nlady was, they were standing -- it was raining -- they were standing under an\numbrella at the other station waving, both of them crying. And I was on the\ntrain saying, I was looking forward to something new. I was always, I was always\nlooking forward to something new. I didn't cry, and I wasn't upset ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=8400.0,8430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I was\nleaving. I just wasn't. I came to New York by train, was twenty-eight hours, so\nI had plenty of time to get over the trip, you know. I got into New York at ten\no'clock in the morning and then I called my aunt that afternoon, my aunt who\nlived in New Jersey at that time. She almost fainted, and she was screaming in\nthe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=8430.0,8460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"phone. My brother lost his mind? Sent this kid to New York and to nursing--?\nShe just couldn't get over it that they actually sent me away. But I didn't feel\nthat way. I mean, I didn't feel lost or anything. I was going to be able to live\nsomeplace, be fed, and continue studying something.\n\nGHITIS: How did you--\n\nBARON: I was going to quit every single day the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=8460.0,8490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first year I was there, every\nmorning. It was so hard. It, nursing at Sinai at that time was -- I cannot even\ndescribe it physically and scholastically how difficult it was. There were times\nI thought I wasn't going to make it through the day. But, I would have quit had\nI ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=8490.0,8520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"left under different circumstances. Also, my uncle ended up saying, I think he\nwanted to--I think he felt bad that he did not have the guts to say no to his\nwife. I really think so. He kept on saying: \"Well, it's not for you,\" he would\nsay, \"You will be back. You'll come back. 'Cause you won't make it; it's so\ndifficult.\" And that's all he said. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=8520.0,8550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And of course I wish he wouldn't have said\nthat, because that's what kept me going! I wasn't going to go back. I mean,\nthere was no way. I knew I cannot go back. Then there was no place for me to go.\nI was not prepared to live alone. I was not prepared to do anything as far as\njob. I was not prepared for anything, and I thought I have to prepare myself for\nsomething to earn a living, and this ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=8550.0,8580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was -- it wasn't that I had wanted to be a\nnurse all my life or this was a chosen profession, it was just a way of becoming\nindependent. And once the first year was over, I was fine. I was fine. Graduated\nwith a medal, so it was ok.\n\nGHITIS: How did you support yourself during those years? Who financed you?\n\nBARON: Well, as I said, in nursing you were in uniform that they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=8580.0,8610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gave you. Rooms\nand Board was taken care of. All you needed was some clothes to go out in, I\nmean, on the street, and some pocket money.\n\nGHITIS: How about tuition?\n\nBARON: That was it. It was a one-time two hundred dollars when you entered, and\ndon't forget in those days, once your first year was over, you worked for the\nhospital. You not only studied, they used you. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=8610.0,8640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact, after the first year\nthey give you a stipend of eight dollars a month [laughs]. Eight dollars a\nmonth, because you did everything in the hospital. You were not in charge of\nanything, and you were under supervision. I don't know, there were like three,\nfour schools like that in the country: Belleview in New York was one of them,\nthere was Philadelphia General, you know, there were a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=8640.0,8670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hundred-year-old schools,\nand very strict in, and a curfew. I mean, I had to be in the building by ten\no'clock at night on a weekend, once a week, Saturday, twelve o'clock at night. I\nmean, there is not way today a young girl would enter, it was like being a nun\nas far as restrictions around. There's no way today that any kid would do ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=8670.0,8700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that.\nBut that's how it was, so from time to time I would get five, ten dollars, from\nan uncle, my aunt, you know. My uncle would come to New York, I go to plays with\nhim, you know, when I could. And I had relatives in New York, but I didn't\nreally see anybody, I can't explain it. There was really no time in those three\nyears. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=8700.0,8730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dated a lot. I had, always had dates and everything, but even that was\ntoo much. In other words, you know, you couldn't do, especially I. I wanted not\nonly to live there and eat there and live there, but I wanted to get all A's in\nschool. It meant I was busy like twenty-four hours a day.\n\nAnd I go to like it. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=8730.0,8760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I did very well. I finished and I went right back to school\nafter I graduate. I got a job but went back to school at night and picked up\nsome of the credits from the University of Miami and went to Teacher's College,\nColumbia University, graduated from there.\n\nGHITIS: With what degree?\n\nBARON: Well, they had this program, also doesn't exist. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=8760.0,8790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You had your R.N.\n[Registered Nurse], at that time you could then go on, take exams. Depending how\nwell you did you got from forty to sixty credits towards a Bachelor's. But it\nwasn't a Bachelor's--I had a B.S., but it was really in nursing education. I\nconcentrated so I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=8790.0,8820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"don't have two different degrees that I will add onto the\nnursing, and then I can, and I taught. I never worked as a bedside nurse from\nthe time I graduated 'cause I went right back to school and the director of the\nschool was very supportive. They paid tuition for me, and they let me continue\nliving in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=8820.0,8850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the dormitory even--because there was one semester, almost a year,\nthat I had to go full-time to school because I had to take something called\nnursing, cancer nursing, and public health nursing, and these were five-credit\ncourses that needed field work, so there was no way you could have a job and do\nthis work, 'cause there was the field work. I actually was in East Harlem five\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=8850.0,8880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hours a day besides the classroom work. And then I did cancer nursing at\nSloan-Kettering five hours a day plus the classroom work. And they let me stay\nin the dormitory, continued to live there for twenty-five dollars a month.\nTwenty-five dollars a month. And, with maid service, I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=8880.0,8910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mean it was a good deal.\nYou were not supposed to live in the dormitory if you were not on staff, but she\nmade an exception, and I finished school, very fast. But all along I was\nassistant teaching when I could, wherever, and then I became full instructor.\nAnd continued to live there until I got engaged and got married.\n\nGHITIS: While you finishing your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=8910.0,8940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"degree, what thoughts came to your mind about\nthe future? What did you hope to have in your life later on?\n\nBARON: You know, even now I berate myself sometimes for not planning. To this\nday. Never planned, or if something was an unknown ahead of me, I faced ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=8940.0,8970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it. But\nI never thought I should do something special or worry about what will happen in\nthe future. I never worried either. I don't know. This is really part of me that\nI always feel that a lack remained. An emotional lack, which kept me on a\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=8970.0,9000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"neutral course, meaning not being overjoyed over something and not being\nmiserable over something. And I think it's a result of what had happened to me.\nThat kind of a wooden feeling. And I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=9000.0,9030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"shouldn't say, because I am an emotional\nperson, but there was a part of me that didn't allow me to go up or down. I\nremember when I was in nursing, the psychiatric nursing, we needed to go away\nfor three months to a psychiatric place, and it was randomly ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=9030.0,9060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"chosen. Some people\nwent to upstate New York, there was a place, but I went to Creedmoor. I don't\nknow if you know New York, but Creedmoor has been closed for some time.\nCreedmoor was a huge state mental institution, and it was out on Long Island.\nHillside. And it was a huge complex enough for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=9060.0,9090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"three thousand patients, but\nthere were five thousand people there. It was the snake pit, if you ever saw\nthat movie. And we, we actually didn't do work there. They sent us in groups of\nten or so, three months. And we lived there. I mean, we lived on the grounds and\nwe were there, and all we did there, we studied ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=9090.0,9120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"charts, look at the patient with\nthe chart, go to conferences. It was an excellent educational experience in that\nfield. But it was a long time ago; At that time they were still doing insulin\nshock therapy. It was before, oh the first, the first tranquilizer that --\nThorazine. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=9120.0,9150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thorazine was just coming into being, so it was a long time ago.\nNineteen fifty-three, fifty-four, fifty-three. And the end of fifty-three,\nThorazine was in, and you really saw people -- madness. Madness on the floor.\nAnd you studied that. And I remember there was a girl. She was absolutely\nbeautiful. She was like twenty-three or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=9150.0,9180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"twenty-four years old, red-headed, and\nshe was a ballet dancer. And she would forever dance. She would forever dance,\nand her arms, so graceful, but she was totally out of it, as far as she was a\nschizophrenic. And I got so fascinated, because she would be like in the middle\nof the hall and she was dancing. And she reminded me of the ballerina Moira\nScherer, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=9180.0,9210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because she was red-head also, and she was thin and just had that body\nof a dancer, trained dancer. And I went to read her chart. I said to myself:\n\"Why is she here? Why does she look like that, with that talent?\" It was just\nvisible. And those looks! And I remember, I don't remember what the chart said,\nbut I remember saying to myself: \"Nothing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=9210.0,9240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"special happened to her in her life.\nWhy is she here?\" And I said: \"According to this chart, if I would be swinging\nfrom a chandelier, people would say, 'Of course, look what happened to her. She\nhas every right to swing from a chandelier.'\" But this girl, you know, there was\nnothing special that happened to her, so I looked at these things, you know,\ntrying to understand. And I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=9240.0,9270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"think, as it turned out, nursing was good for me,\nbecause I was in the kind of school, and that didn't happen every place, that\nthey gave you enough psychiatric nursing and lectures both by psychiatrists and\npsychologists, that you had enough, if you were so inclined, you had your own\ntools. They provided you with tools for emotional ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=9270.0,9300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thinking so, but I don't\nbelieve in self therapy, but there was an understanding that perhaps wouldn't\nhave been there had I done something else. So it was good for me. All these\nexperiences were good for me, although I did doubt myself as to how good I'll\nbecome ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=9300.0,9330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because, you see, death didn't mean much to me and I was always afraid\nthat I was too, you know, I remember once a ninety-year-old man died, and the\nrelatives came and the usual bereavement, you know. And I said to myself -- you\nwere much more in touch with those things in those days as a nurse. Now it's\njust somehow different. And I said to myself: \"The man died in bed at age\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=9330.0,9360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ninety. Why is everybody crying?\" You know? And then I realized that that's just\nme. That people do cry. And so I said to myself: \"What kind of nurse am I going\nto make if this doesn't make any difference to me?\" And I did that. This\nhappened about six months after I was in nursing, and I wasn't really allowed to\ndo anything yet, but summer came. There were a lot of things in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=9360.0,9390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those years, and\nI can't really say to you, and it was part of my personality combined with my\nexperience that I was constantly, but again, I didn't tell anybody. See by that\ntime, I was in school with grown-up people; it wasn't kindergarten, and the kids\nknew, because there were always occasions where something happened and the\nparents ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=9390.0,9420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came, and of course, nobody came, even though, nobody was from New York.\nThere were a couple of kids from Long Island, there were from Pennsylvania, they\nwere from [unclear] but, the parents came for certain occasions. So I told them\nI have no parents, I was, you know, I don't even think we used the word\nHolocaust survivor. I don't think so. I said I was in the war, my parents were\nkilled in the war. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=9420.0,9450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that was it. You know, there must, the kids knew, but I\nwas not treated any differently. You know, we were big girls, and we were doing\nthe kind of work, very mature women there. If they were not, they, you know,\nlike forty people start and twenty-five people remain. Not because they didn't\nwant to stay. The attrition was such that they didn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=9450.0,9480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"survive the first six\nmonths. So these are people who are very mature girls doing the work. And,\nagain, I didn't talk about it, although the psychologist, not the school\npsychology, the instructor in psychology, he wanted us to write a biography of\nourselves, and you know, hand it in and all of that. And I did, I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=9480.0,9510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wrote, didn't\ngo into detail, but I certainly told them where I was. I never heard from the\nman. I mean, I'm sure he didn't have another biography like mine. First of all,\nit was Mt. Sinai. Not every doctor was Jewish, but a lot of the doctors were\nJewish, especially in those days, because it was very difficult for those good\nguys from medical ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=9510.0,9540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"school, as Jewish guys, to get internships and residencies. So\nthat, you got the best and the brightest at Sinai in New York at that time. The\nbest and the brightest. And so this guy knew and he never -- a psychologist.\nNever once, and it wasn't that he collected this and I never saw him. He\nlectured to us for a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=9540.0,9570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"term or whatever. He never even mentioned it to me, so that\nthis was not something that -- and I'm not condemning him. I really think that\nthey were doing you a favor, that they thought they were doing you a favor by\nnot asking anything. And perhaps the family was the same way. Maybe it was too\nhorrible for them to hear about it. But I don't know how they would know, since\nthey never knew what happened, so I don't know how they knew.\n\nGHITIS: What do you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=9570.0,9600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"think your reaction would have been if someone had asked you\nto tell them your story?\n\nBARON: Well, I tell you something very strange. We had a class reunion two\nyears, a year ago. A year ago. Well, it's going to be two years the end of this\nsummer. And very few, well, we had a very small group, February class. So it was\na very small class to start with. By the time we graduated, I think only twenty\npeople ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=9600.0,9630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"graduated. Because the big class came in September and then they did away\n-- I think mine, it was only one only class after mine and then they didn't have\nthis class anymore. So, we remained very close because the class was small and\nwe corresponded forever, to this day I know about everybody. So we had a reunion\non the Island [Long Island] and one of the girls who now lives in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=9630.0,9660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Arizona -- I\nkeep on saying girls -- a bunch of old women sat together and chatted for not\nonly a day, a reunion. We were out there for the weekend. So we had breakfast\nand then lunch and then we gathered ourselves together, went someplace, and the\nnext day we had lunch again together. And one of the girls lives there and we\nwere at her house, and it was that kind of a retreat. And I don't know, one of\nthe girls from Arizona said: \"You know, I think about you a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=9660.0,9690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lot these past few\nyears.\" And of course, Jewish kids were a minority in this kind of class, and\nthis one was a Jewish girl.\n\nAnd I said: \"What do you mean?\"\n\nAnd she said: \"Well, there's so much written now and so much discussion about\nthe Holocaust, and I keep on reminding myself that you were there, and I can't\nget over it.\" Mind you, [chuckles] this is fifty years later, I don't know,\nforty years later ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=9690.0,9720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"she says this to me?\n\nAnd then I say: \"Well, guys, I really never,\" and there were a bunch of us, \"I\nreally never told you anything about myself.\"\n\nAnd one of the girls, one of the women says: \"Oh yes you did.\"\n\nI said: \"What?\"\n\nShe says: \"Well, once--\" and she gives this scenario of something happened and\nthen I got angry and I said: \"Now you sit down and I'm going to tell you\nsomething.\" And I told them -- not everything, but a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=9720.0,9750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"chunk of whatever was\nappropriate to the situation; I don't remember. And the reason her mentioning\nit, I had no clue that I did that. I did not remember telling anything to my\nclass. So, I must have talked to them, because they said: \"Well, we knew, we\nknew. You told us about how you were separated from your mother.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=9750.0,9780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I was very\nsurprised that I told them. It was just a small group of women meeting that many\nyears later. Nobody ever mentioned it to me.\n\nSo, I don't know how to answer this. All I can say is that if somebody would\nhave asked me, I would have told them. The catharsis came -- let me add this --\nduring a time that I was in nursing I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=9780.0,9810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had three cousins, three sisters that I\nhad mentioned in the other tape, the Singer girls. One was married at that time,\ntwo were still single, living with an uncle in Brooklyn. When I did have a day\noff in, you know if you signed in, if you told them where you going to be, like\nin the very beginning of the year, if you said, if I am away over night, I am at\nMr. Joseph ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=9810.0,9840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rosner's house, my uncle, you know. So if I did get a chance, I would\ngo there, and we would sometimes be up all night, and I'm not kidding you, the\nthree of us, as I said one was married, and talk about camp. The three of us, of\ncourse all three of us survivors. So that really was good. It was good for me.\nAnd most of the time, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=9840.0,9870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"laugh ourselves silly at things that were so sad, of how\nwe met for the first time, and how Helen was crying and how we looked at each\nother through the barbed electrified wire. And we went over that many times, or\nhow we would remind ourselves, and in the course of things also talk about life\nbefore camp, because we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=9870.0,9900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were children of two sisters who were very close. And\nthey were all older. They were all my mother's. That's why I never had to do\nanything, because I was their miracle. They were six, seven and nine years\nolder. Nine, six, seven and nine years older than I, the three of them. So they\nwere just, you know, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=9900.0,9930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they were in our house, and I was in their house --\n\nGHITIS: You mentioned that when you graduated, you went into teaching.\n\nBARON: Well, when I graduated, they picked me. They picked me to be an assistant\nof an assistant. I just finished. They knew -- see I finished in the spring\nlike, and I took the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=9930.0,9960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"exams, I went to school with some others; There were three\nor four of us that planned to continue. And we went up to Columbia, took our\nexams--Up to meaning up to Columbia University--and I got the maximum, I got\nsixty credits after the exams, and I enrolled for the September. And because ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=9960.0,9990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I\nhad to money at all, I went to work immediately from four in the afternoon to\nmidnight. At that time the shifts were eight to four, four to twelve, twelve to\neight. I took, four to twelve was the worst shift as far as time goes and of\ncourse it paid the most. And because of that I figured I'll figured I'll work\nfrom the time I finished, graduated, through September, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=9990.0,10020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through the summer I'll\nwork from four to twelve. I'll make more money, I'll save up more money, because\nI'll go back to school. But of course, I planned to continue to work, which is\nwhat I did. I worked through that summer from four--\n\nGHITIS: What did you do?\n\nBARON: I was a floor nurse in pediatrics. Not the, I was with the infants, but\nnot obstetrics. In ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=10020.0,10050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other words, not the healthy infants. I was in the pediatric\nbuilding, it was a whole building, and the floor that I was on was sick babies.\nThey all, from infancy to a year, they had. So I saw some very, very sick\nchildren. All kinds of birth defects, encephalitis and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=10050.0,10080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hydrocephalics. Very sick\nbabies. Heart problems. I lost a lot of babies. They were in, being prepped for\nopen heart surgery, the so-called blue babies at that time, and I lost them. I\nremember being so attached to one baby. He responded to me so that the\nsupervisor of the building, the pediatric ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=10080.0,10110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"supervisor, arranged it so that she\ngave me two days off, I mean you had two days off, but she gave me my two days\noff, and I didn't know, everybody else knew, that that's when the kid was going\nto be operated on. And the baby died. I came back--and I used to take his bed\nout of his room. It was not a crib, but it was smaller than a hospital bed. And\nI ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=10110.0,10140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would just take it out and put it near my desk. And that's where he was for\nthe eight hours that I was on. It was very hard work. Kids were in isolets,\nmeaning they needed--I had to chip the ice to put into the isolation little\nunits for the children. It was, well, compared to what it is now it was like the\nNeanderthal age, as far as, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=10140.0,10170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this was a big hospital, so we did have the\nlatest that was available at that time, but it was still nothing. I mean, if you\nreally want an analogy, in a heart, a cardiac patient today is just hooked up\nand you monitor the screen. At that time your fingers were the monitors. You ran\nin and took a pulse every five minutes. That was the monitor of a heart ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=10170.0,10200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"patient.\nSo you can imagine the difference. And so it was difficult, and it was difficult\nto work from four to twelve because you had no days and you didn't really have\nnights. I remember, and you, and I was so revved up at midnight when I came off\nduty that I ate something, you know, that's when I ate, and I went to my room\nand I couldn't fall asleep. I used to read and then sleep and get up and go back\nto ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=10200.0,10230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"work. It was, it was ok because I knew it was going to be a limited time. And\nI quit that and they knew, they knew I was only doing it till school starts.\nWhen I finished that they offered me an assistant instructor's job, which really\nwas physically not, I mean, I was on my feet all day, but it was not that\ndemanding. And I was not in charge. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=10230.0,10260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was very difficult to be in charge\nbecause, you know, staff was always short and it was, I felt terribly responsible.\n\nSo I was not in charge; I was an assistant instructor, and when I finished I\nchanged and went to school. And I did that till I graduated. I had a good start\nbecause I had my sixty credits, and they also, I got like ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=10260.0,10290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fifteen out of\nseventeen from Miami I got fifteen credits, so I had a very good start with\ncollege. By the time I finished, I was in charge of the department as far as\ninstructing. First year they called, there was a course that everybody\ntook--nursing arts it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=10290.0,10320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was--and it was from the time you entered straight\nthrough. You always had, depending on how much you knew in anatomy and\nphysiology, but you always needed the nursing arts. What to do with the patient\nin bed, and that was like a department. I was in it as an assistant instructor,\nwhich meant that I went over to the hospital with some students and I just\nwatched them ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=10320.0,10350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"make a bed, let's say what to start with. And you add onto that, so\nthat's what I was in charge of even before I finished school. And I finished\nschool and I did that until I got married. The whole thing was I got married; it\nwas a short time.\n\nGHITIS: How long did you work?\n\nBARON: I only worked while I was in school, three, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=10350.0,10380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fifty-four, three years, no,\nfour years after graduation.\n\nGHITIS: How did you meet your husband?\n\nBARON: [laughter] I don't remember. In a group of people.\n\nSee I was never exposed to, because the school was separate. I was only in the\nhospital when I went over to see how my students are doing. So, I was never\nreally there, but I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=10380.0,10410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"guess there was some kind of a gathering. I also, when we\nfirst started school, we had our own dining room; everything was separate. But\nthen, you know, it became very, it was a very posh set-up for a while for the\nnurses, student nurses, because we sat in our own dining room ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=10410.0,10440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and waitresses\nbrought the food to us. And, you know, and the director of the school and the\nassistant director, you know, the people in charge had their own little dining\nroom with their own waitress. Then it just became, those things became very\nexpensive. The doctors had their own dining room. It also created a tier of\neverything ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=10440.0,10470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the social structure, sort of. I think my class was like the last\nclass [to have the special dining rooms]. I was there like maybe less than a\nyear when they finished with the special dining rooms for doctors or nurses\nbecause they built what is now the Klingenstein Pavilion and the Gugenheim\nPavilion and underneath there were these huge cafeterias, everybody went there.\nSo ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=10470.0,10500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"overnight the whole system disappeared, and the hierarchy and the doctor and\nthe resident and the intern and the student nurse, the charge nurse, it was a\nwhole little community that functioned like that. All of that disappeared.\n\nSo you really met people in the dining room and you ate together in groups,\nwhich you didn't before, and I guess just met him during one of those\ngatherings. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=10500.0,10530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Even dated somebody else, I think, when I met him, but that's how I\nmet him. And the only--we dated really just for a few months and he left,\nbecause he came from the Mayo Clinic at an odd time and did some special work\nwith this doctor in chest and internal medicine and then decided to go into\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=10530.0,10560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"radiology and left and went to Ann Arbor, Michigan, and then we corresponded and\nvisited each other I think after he was still in his first year when we got\nmarried. We got married in Miami Beach [Florida].\n\nGHITIS: What's your husband's name?\n\nBARON: Murray, Murray Baron.\n\nGHITIS: What did you like about him?\n\nBARON: [laughs] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=10560.0,10590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What kind of a question is--how do you ask me that question?\nWell, he was very serious. I had to have somebody who's serious and who is\nconsidered a very good doctor, or who has good academic background. It was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=10590.0,10620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very\nimportant to me, and all of that he did. My husband was, you know, sixteen years\nold when he graduated from Bronx High School of Science, which was I think the\nnumber one high school in the country. And you took exams to get it, and it was\nall boys. Went to University of Michigan, graduated Phi Beta Kappa at nineteen,\nwent to medical school, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=10620.0,10650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"graduated AOA, you know, stuff like that. Those things\nwere--because I was trying for those things, those things were important,\nbecause to me it signified somebody who is taking things seriously. You know?\nAnd he's very kind. I don't know.\n\nGHITIS: How did you family ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=10650.0,10680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"react when you told them about him?\n\nBARON: Not kindly [laughs]. I remember going back home and I said to my aunt\nthat I'm going to get married and who he is. Didn't even have to say who he is.\nWhen I said he's a doctor it was already not good. And I remember she said to\nme: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=10680.0,10710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Well, you know, takes only two dollars to get married.\" That was one\ncomment, and the other comment -- she was a very beautiful woman, and she said:\n\"Well, you know, it's easy to get married, but it's, you have to know how to\nhold onto a man.\"\n\nSo it really wasn't a send ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=10710.0,10740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"off, or, I don't know, whatever a mother says to a\ndaughter when they're getting married. But I didn't count on her saying anything\nelse by then. I mean I knew how she worked. Her daughter was already married at\nthis point, so I don't know why, but it was just -- see, I have another cousin,\nanother ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=10740.0,10770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family that came from Italy in the last minute. They got out from Italy,\nand there was a girl there also by the name of Eva. That's another brother's\nfamily. The oldest brother's family. And Eva--the two boys went right into the\narmy--They were like eighteen and nineteen or something like that--but Eva was\nlike fifteen. And she went to school. She had a very hard time in school. She\nhad a very, very hard time. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=10770.0,10800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Barely made it, you know. And nobody thought\nanything of it. They just said: \"Well, it's very difficult for a person who\ndoesn't speak English to just get into school and do well.\" They had that in\nmind when I came. And I didn't have any problems, and they just somehow, they\nsomehow thought, well, poor Eva is going to struggle through like the other Eva\ndid, because she doesn't speak English and all of that. So that was in their\nmind, and then it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=10800.0,10830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"didn't work out that way. I know it sounds paradoxical. You\nwould think they would be very happy. They were in many ways proud because they\nconsidered themselves that whatever I was, they helped me. At the same time,\nthere was resentment that I was getting the same kind of recognition in school\nas their own children did. You figure it out. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=10830.0,10860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But that was, it's a complicated\nrelationship when you enter something like this. And when I came home saying I'm\ngetting married, it's a doctor, that was really a stop better than her daughter\ndid, as far as prestige?\n\nBut, I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=10860.0,10890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"asked for a wedding. I knew it was no problem to have a wedding. It\nwasn't like I was asking--you know, as far as financially. And my uncle and his\nson just paid no attention to her and I had a wedding in Miami Beach. A wedding,\nlike everybody else. I came down with my own dress; I bought it in New York,\nbest store, on my own money. Bought myself ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=10890.0,10920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everything, came to Miami Beach and\nhad a wedding. Not many people, my friends, you know in those days you did not\nfly down someplace for a wedding. But two girlfriends came, and my relatives,\nmost of my relatives were in Miami Beach, so had a small wedding, but all the trimmings.\n\nWent on a honeymoon to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=10920.0,10950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jamaica, and did it because of them, or in spite of them,\nI have no idea. It worked out, and then lived in Ann Arbor, Michigan, because\nthat's where my husband was doing his residency. [I] Got a job immediately, was\nagain, at that time teaching what they call medical surgical nursing, had a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=10950.0,10980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"job\nwaiting for me. I arranged it by mail. Had no job getting a job. My sponsor from\ncollege was very well known in the nursing field, and she was writing my letters\nof recommendation and everything, and I had no problem. Worked in a Catholic\nschool. I was the only Jew in the whole hospital. My boss was Mother Superior. I\nhad some nuns as ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=10980.0,11010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"students and some nuns as bosses, and I had a wonderful time. I\nremained friends with that Mother Superior practically until the day she died.\nShe actually came to visit us years later in New York.\n\nSo I had a great time in Ann Arbor. I liked my job there very much. We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=11010.0,11040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lived on\nvery little. We lived on my salary totally. You know, residents did not get paid\nat that time, certainly not a living wage. My husband, I think he got something\nlike a thousand dollars a year. It was a year. So we lived on my salary. We\nlived on campus. Was also university life. Ann Arbor is a huge place and is\nreally a student's paradise as far as college goes. Very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=11040.0,11070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"international. It was a\ngood place to be.\n\nGHITIS: When did you become a mother?\n\nBARON: A mother. Actually, in Ann Arbor. I had, by the time we were leaving, my\ndaughter was nine months old. Nine months old. I was already pregnant again.\n\nWell, I became a mother two years after we were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=11070.0,11100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"married, with some trepidation.\nWe had no income, and, you know, it wasn't that I'm going to become a mother and\njust continue with the work. It was just not an option at that time. So it was a\nmatter of--but they were very good to me, the nuns. The nuns were, I mean,\nSister Mary Lianette was her name. I will never forget her. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=11100.0,11130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because she knew the\ncircumstances as far as financially, you know, resident. She got me anyone who\nfailed the Boards ever, or anyone who needed something, she would send me these\npeople to our apartment. And I would tutor for five dollars an hour, with the\nbaby sleeping in the next room. So, you know, we made it. My mother-in-law,\nfather-in-law helped, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=11130.0,11160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you know, financially. And, it was a very good experience\nand, then we knew that my husband is not going to go into private practice, so\nit was a matter--he had an offer at Mt. Sinai in New York and another, I mean\ntwo good, he had offers, but the two good ones were Mt. Sinai in New York and\nStanford University in Palo Alto [California]. I remember we were sitting and\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=11160.0,11190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"talking about it and my husband said: \"Palo Alto, it's really beautiful there;\nthat's where we should go.\"\n\nBut I just couldn't imagine to go away totally from family, and I said:\n\"Everybody is in New York.\" So we practically tossed a coin and decided to come\nback -- first of all, my husband was a New Yorker; he was born in Manhattan and\nmy in-laws were still there. And ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=11190.0,11220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all my relatives, cousins, people like that,\nsecond cousins, they were in that area. The major relatives who were already,\nwho were not Holocaust survivors, were in Miami Beach, and those were the people\nI lived with for the four years, but the others were in the New York area. So to\nme, it was better to come back to New York. And my husband didn't, he ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=11220.0,11250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"liked New\nYork. Well, there was this idea that maybe we should strike out and go West, you\nknow, and maybe we made a mistake. We came back to New York because it was hard\nin New York.\n\nWe moved in with my in-laws, but I was immediately looking for an apartment.\nFound an apartment, lived in Riverdale, had another baby. The kids were only,\nless than seventeen months apart. And I was very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=11250.0,11280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"busy with that, because again,\nmy husband was studying for the Boards and then was never home.\n\nThen, after the Boards, I think we were in Riverdale for about three years,\nthree and a half years, then we started to look for a house. Borrowed money for\na down payment and bought a house in New Jersey. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=11280.0,11310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My husband was at Mt. Sinai for\na few years, then was offered a job, he was out at Long Island Jewish Hospital.\nTo be chairman of the department and he went out there, but we never moved\nbecause it was easily accessible. We lived just across the George Washington\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=11310.0,11340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bridge, but that was not good for my husband, because it became very\nadministrative, and he was really involved at that time in angiocardiography, he\nwas like the father of angiocardiography in New York. He realized he was going\nto lose the skills, and he just didn't like the administration. It leaves you\nabsolutely no time to practice ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=11340.0,11370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"medicine.\n\nSo after a few years there, when this offer came, and it got increasingly harder\nbecause of commuting. You know, he was in the car for three hours a day coming\nand going. And he always had extra work, because he was writing papers, he was\nwriting a book, and that was finished and then when this offer came in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=11370.0,11400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta,\nhe came down here, came back and he says it really sounds good, they're going to\nget an MRI; The MRI was just coming into being, he was interested in that, and\nthere were like two in the country to start with. I don't know, I came down\nagain with him and I always thought Georgia was flat, since we used to drive\nfrom Miami Beach to Atlantic City, and the coast was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=11400.0,11430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"flat and I said: \"Gee,\nGeorgia's mountainous. Atlanta doesn't even have a straight street,\" you know.\nIt looked good, and the children were finished with college, going on, they were\njust finishing, so it was a time that we could do. We didn't have to disturb\nother people. And we came here, and I thought immediately that it was the\nbiggest mistake I made in my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=11430.0,11460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"life. It was just not a good choice for me at all.\n\nGHITIS: Why do you say that?\n\nBARON: Well, you know, some things there is a confluence of things. I got sick,\njust after the decision was made already, and you know, there was a commitment\nand everything else, and I discovered a tumor. I was not sick, that's just it, I\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=11460.0,11490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was not sick. I was feeling fine, and I discovered this something in abdomen. I\nsort of ignored it, because I chose to ignore it, and my husband, and was also\nthe worst time selling a house. Real estate was just absolutely, mortgages were\nlike sixteen percent, and nothing was moving, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=11490.0,11520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"couldn't sell our house. Then we\ndecided, and I came here and bought this house. It was all, you know, and I\nremember buying the house, and I said: \"All right, I'll just buy this house and\ngo home.\" I was somehow not even thinking this is the house I have to live in.\nOK, my job is to look for a house, buy a house, and go home. I mean, this was\njust my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=11520.0,11550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thought. By that time I was just time I was just not happy. I wasn't\njust not--but at the same time, this tumor was discovered. I couldn't sell the\nhouse. My husband--and then we decided that I was going to stay there and my\nhusband is going to be here. We had to borrow the money to buy this house, which\nwas did through Emory. I mean, they could arrange anything if they wanted to,\nbut nevertheless, it was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=11550.0,11580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"loan. And we had to, really we needed the money from\nselling the house, so it really was a mess. And that's in the middle of all of\nthat I had this tumor, and of course I eventually did have to face it and it\ndidn't look good. It turned out to be the kidney, which was a big surprise\nbecause the tumor was in the front of my abdomen. And then my husband was here\nand I was there, and I knew ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=11580.0,11610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all the doctors who were involved. By that time I\nhad five different people. And I had this business, almost like a superstition,\nthat if you, if these doctors tried to hard, that something goes wrong, I don't\nknow, but it was always my experience that if it's a doctor's family all the\ndoctors are trying too hard, something goes wrong. And I knew that something was\nvery bad, although nobody was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=11610.0,11640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"talking, but I knew. And my husband--I was in\nconstant touch with my husband, and all those doctors, then when my internist,\nwho I've know all my life, seems like it, and the gynecologist who I knew, they\ndecided on a certain urologist, and I really did not like him. I thought he was\nold when I was a young, young student. Maybe he wasn't, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=11640.0,11670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but that's how he seemed\nto me. I really didn't like the choice, but I was so enmeshed already with all\nthese doctors there, in middle of all of that, my husband calls and says the\ndean of the medical school here at Emory was at that time a guy by the name of\nJames Glenn, and that Glenn is a urologist who has written the book on this and\nthe best thing for me to do is to come here. And I literally called the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=11670.0,11700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"movers\nand they packed, and, first I called my internist and I said, I said to him:\n\"You know, Bob, do I have a week?\" Because they were really rushing. I said: \"Do\nI have a week?\"\n\nAnd he says: \"Why? What's the--\"\n\nI said: \"To pack and to go.\" I told him what Murray, what my husband said, and I\nsaid: \"My husband said James Glenn is down there, and I should come.\" He was\nsort of relieved. He thought it was a good ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=11700.0,11730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"idea, and I liked it because nobody's\ngoing to know me here, and I just liked that better. But I didn't, I couldn't\njust close the house and leave. The house was empty here. I called the movers\nand I said--and they came and they packed. I had ten people descended on the\nhouse. They packed my garbage. My ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=11730.0,11760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"garbage. I mean, I got up in the morning, I\nwas talking on the phone to my daughter who lived in Manhattan at that time, she\nwas in school. She was at Barnard at the time. Was talking to her at the time,\nshe called me and I was answering the phone. I was in a nightgown and a\nbathrobe, and I turn around and My dresser was taped up and was moving out of\nthe bedroom. I said to my daughter: \"You better come home and buy me some\nclothes. They just packed me ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=11760.0,11790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up. I am in a nightgown. I have no underwear.\" It\nwas that kind of a thing. So it was the that time of thing that I came. They\npacked my car.\n\nBut I had tickets to see Cats. Cats was coming out and I'd had tickets for the\nnight before. I belonged to a certain, it was called Theater Circle, Play\nCircle. We saw plays just before they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=11790.0,11820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"opened, and I had tickets to see Cats. I\ntook my daughter and her roommate and a friend and her husband, and we went to\nsee Cats when the house was already empty. One bed was left. Went home, slept,\ngot up in the morning. Some cleaners came, cleaned the house, took the plane in\nthat evening, came to Atlanta, got up in the morning, had one more test that\nthey left for here. The next, the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=11820.0,11850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"day after that I came in and had a major\nsurgery, lost a kidney. The tumor was in the kidney. It was a cyst that\nhemorrhaged-- a cyst, that they thought nothing of ordinarily, but the cyst\nhemorrhaged, turned sour, quote unquote. It was not good. But excellent\nprognosis once the kidney was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=11850.0,11880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out. Of course, I was not convinced of that, and I\nhad like two different doctors. One doctor I knew, who was chairman here, who\nreally was the instrument in our getting here, asking my husband to come. I knew\nhim, and he came to my room, and I remember lying in bed and he was like\nswearing up and down that I am fine, that I'll be fine. But it was that kind of\na--that was literally two days after I got to Atlanta. When I got ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=11880.0,11910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up in the\nmorning to go to the hospital, the big van came with the furniture. My husband\nhad to stay here, because they wouldn't unpack without somebody being here. So\nmy husband was here, somebody was sent, some doctor's wife came to get me to\ntake me to the hospital, and that was not a good introduction. When I came home\nseven days later, felt like my whole ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=11910.0,11940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"body, which it is, it's cut from front to\nback, it's a major surgery and the doctor told me that I won't be quite with it\nphysically for a year because of the trauma of that kind of a surgery. So it was\nan introduction in that respect was not good. And I just didn't like the\nsouthernness. I just couldn't stand them. I didn't like ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=11940.0,11970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Emory, I didn't like the\npeople at Emory, I didn't meet people. I met the core, you know, the old-timers,\nand they are not nice. I mean, they will never be nice. They have to die before\nit's going to be different. But of course there's some [unclear] because I'm\ntalking now, it's ancient history. I really mean it. These good old boys, like\nthey ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=11970.0,12000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"say exist; they existed. I thought that there was antisemitism within that\ngroup. I, for the first time, was aware of being a Jew in the sense of, you\ndidn't have that anymore in the northeast. \"Oh, do you cook ethnic foods?\" and\n\"Do you--\" And, I was a Yankee. I mean, this ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=12000.0,12030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is really interesting. I was a\nYankee, a foreigner and a Jew all rolled into one. These are three things that\nthey did not like here. Don't forget we had two million people less nineteen\nyears ago than we have today, and Emory was really the Woodruff old group of\npeople. The Coca-Cola ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=12030.0,12060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"executive money.\n\nWe did not-- if you came here as a young person, let's say as a Jew at that\ntime, you had nothing to do with the old-timers. You were here, you just taught\nat, but my husband came as a tenured professor. They gave him tenure from Day\nOne. That's how he came. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=12060.0,12090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Which did not sit well with many of the guys who were\nhere for all, I don't know how long. Still didn't have tenure. I mean, I'm going\ninto silly things now, but I'm just saying that all of that translated into my\nlife. And I just--the Jewish people that I met were not any great shakes either.\nThe few. You know, the, I don't even want to name names and comment on people in\nthe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=12090.0,12120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"community that, I think also of German origin. That's the only way I could\nexplain them.\n\nGHITIS: How about the bigger Jewish community?\n\nBARON: I was never part of it. I never became part of it. We are not religious\nreligious. We joined a synagogue because I always feel I always have to belong\nto a synagogue. And I go on High Holidays. But once the kids were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=12120.0,12150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"finished with\ntheir bat mitzvahs and involvements, you know, even before. And I had a\nwonderful rabbi in Rabbi Arthur Hertzberg was a rabbi up north, and loved to go\nbecause I loved his sermons and everything. But I was not really involved.\n\nI was very involved in the kids' lives, in the school and the PTA and different\norganizations and that kind of volunteer work, and I was very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=12150.0,12180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"happy to be\nfinished with it. I really was. I was happy to be finished with any kind of\nmeeting where I had to be with a group of women. I was not part of that. I'm not\na card player. I continued to be friends with people who I had--I was really\na--I was a career woman without a career. I remained at that kind of a\nmentality, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=12180.0,12210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and when my kids were growing up, people were home. You know? Unless\nyou needed it for financial reasons, you were home, and I could never put those\ntwo things together, to be home. Although I could not see leaving the kids\neither. I had a big dilemma. That was my main problem with the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=12210.0,12240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children.\nTremendous amount of fears came into my life once my children were born. Fear of\nloss. And because I was so aware all the time of emotional things because I\nstudied, as I mentioned before, I used to say to myself all the time: \"I'm going\nto cripple these two girls with my, kind of, attitude.\" I don't know how it\nplayed out on the surface, but I knew how I felt. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=12240.0,12270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"remember one wanted to have\na haircut once, and I had this wonderful teenager, so responsible, and I had to\nreally think about leaving. I was pregnant, so it was only one child, I really\nhad to think and think about leaving that child for this seventeen-year-old to\npush her around in a carriage for a couple of hours. I couldn't do it. That's\nhow bad it was. I stopped flying. I'm ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=12270.0,12300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"going back and forth, but I just want to\nsay how it was. I stopped--I couldn't get on a plane with my husband after the\nkids were born. Suddenly, I'd flown always and liked it. I remember going to a\nmeeting in Chicago, because -- other wives, we were whole friendly, a whole\ngroup of women in Ann Arbor, wives of residents, we were always together and of\ncourse then everybody finished; they went all over the country. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=12300.0,12330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And a couple of\nyears later they decided let's meet in Chicago, we'll all go to the big meeting\nin Chicago, so I went. My in-laws came over to the house, stayed at home. My\nPamela, my younger one was six months old, and I remember on the plane, as it\ntook off, I looked out, I looked down, and I said: \"I am out of my mind. What am\nI doing on this plane? Suppose something happens to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=12330.0,12360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"two of us? Who's going\nto take care of my children?\" And from that moment, (a) I had a miserable time\nfor the four days in Chicago 'cause I was already thinking that I had to fly\nback, and from that time on I didn't get on a plane till the kids finished high\nschool. I mean, I flew with them together. My husband couldn't understand it. I\nsaid, no, it just, you know--it was constantly, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=12360.0,12390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the thought that they would be\nleft alone, and they would have even less than I had, although I had not a great\ntime, because I was alone without brothers and my husband was an only child, so\nthat the immediate family grew very small. They did not have aunts and uncles or\nfirst cousins. So ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=12390.0,12420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that this, this fear, a fear, and I just couldn't leave them.\nSo it wasn't that here I am, could have gone to work and la, la, I had to be\nthere. I had a hard time with that. It was, it was hard. And at the same time,\nbeing this mother that is like any other mother, and I wasn't like any other\nmother. The kids felt it. They ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=12420.0,12450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"talked about it years later. They didn't talk\nabout it at that time.\n\nGHITIS: What did they say? What did your daughters say?\n\nBARON: You know, I started to--I also had the--there were people who survived\nand just let those children know every day that they are survivors, and that\nreally, I just couldn't see that at all. My idea was don't tell them about\nanything ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=12450.0,12480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for a while. When they were little, I just didn't see them being better\npeople by knowing horrors about their own mother at a very young age. I felt\nslowly you will say something and, you know, introduce them, so to speak. Also,\nwas easier, I thought, because the father was not part of it. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=12480.0,12510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the father was\nnever around, you see. They really were really around me all the time, and he\ncouldn't take it that well. I think it was hard for my husband to place me in\nthat horror, although I told him things. And he listened. But he didn't, mostly,\nwhen I did talk about anything I talked with another survivor who was usually a\nfamily member. I never belonged to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=12510.0,12540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"any group with other survivors, or any\nEuropeans, and that I can only understand in the sense that, when I first\nstarted out in Miami Beach I didn't know anybody. My very first friends in this\ncountry were American kids, and I remained that way. So it was--but it was an\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=12540.0,12570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"oddity, you see. I didn't quite belong by the virtue of the fact that I was a\nHolocaust survivor and my experience was different. So, you know, so you are\nunique in a group that you are with all the time. And by the time I was old and\nsaw other survivors, I didn't identify with them because they were much older,\nthe few that I met. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=12570.0,12600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they were sad. They were bemoaning it. Or they were very\nmuch after money and all dressed up, and I don't know, everybody reacted\ndifferently. I just didn't identify with those people. I could have done,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=12600.0,12630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"certainly my husband was supportive enough for me to just go back and do work\nand whatever. I couldn't. And when I came to Atlanta, I was simply very unhappy.\nI suddenly lost my whole support system, and I didn't--One does not acquire the\nkind of friends ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=12630.0,12660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at a certain age that one has had for years, from young to a\ncertain age. And although I kept them, Philadelphia, New York friends who were\nvery close friends, as time goes by, the distance is just distance. The phone is\nnot the same thing as visiting, or being together, or going to certain\ngatherings or certain whatever you have in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=12660.0,12690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"common. And so I found it difficult,\nand then it became part of my anger. Yeah? I was angry. I didn't think I was\nangry, but I think I was angry at my fate. I don't know what else, how else to\nput it. That put me to Atlanta, this southern town that thinks ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=12690.0,12720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is a\ncosmopolitan place, and I thought it was the most provincial place. It was just\na big town. It was not a city to me. And I lost all the things for entertainment\nthat I liked Manhattan. To me, walking down the street in Manhattan is more\nworthwhile than doing something here. Or was, anyway.\n\nBut you know, as time goes by, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=12720.0,12750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you get older, you go to visit in Manhattan,\nand suddenly the traffic is overwhelming and the crowds are overwhelming, the\nair is dirty. It's nicer here, it's slower here, although we are getting there\nnow. But it became that kind of a thing where life, the physical daily life is\neasier. And that becomes important.\n\nGHITIS: I want to go back for a moment to your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=12750.0,12780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children. You have two daughters?\n\nBARON: Yes.\n\nGHITIS: What are their ages?\n\nBARON: One is 40? 39 and 40? One, you know, depending on the--\n\nGHITIS: And their names?\n\nBARON: Pamela is the younger one, and Andrea [Italian pronunciation] is the\nolder one.\n\nGHITIS: Pamela, her last name is?\n\nBARON: Pamela Jean Baron, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=12780.0,12810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Andrea Lynn Baron. She's married and her married\nname is Spears. And she has three children. My grandchildren, the best thing\nthat happens to you. Ten year old Max, a seven and a half year old India, and\nJed, who just turned four last week.\n\nGHITIS: What ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=12810.0,12840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fields of work are they in?\n\nBARON: My older daughter is a physician. She's a radiologist, and she's married\nto an anesthesiologist, and my younger daughter is an attorney. She's in\nentertainment law, although she left that, but she's still in that field. She's\nnot doing law, but she's doing like business affairs and she is living in Los\nAngeles. She's not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=12840.0,12870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"married. And those are my two children.\n\nTerrific kids, both of them. I really cannot, they never gave me gave me really\nbad problems. They went through their usual little things as teenagers, but\nthey're good people. They both turned into really good people. In every way, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=12870.0,12900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you\nknow, honest to a fault, and kind, thoughtful human beings. Interested in\nthings, have friends, have, you know, a little too intense about life. I really\nthink that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=12900.0,12930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something was left over. That couldn't be helped.\n\nI remember each one at different times did a paper on the Holocaust, or\nsomething related. Just when I thought that they don't think about. And they\nhave thought a lot. My daughter, the younger ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=12930.0,12960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one is involved at the Wiesenthal\nCenter in, as much as they can. They both did work very hard to start with their\ncareer. But is involved there. In fact, she is the one who arranged my Holocaust\ninterview, which is another thing. I have a tendency to postpone things, and\npostponed that truly to the very last minute, where she had to go and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=12960.0,12990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pull\nstrings for me to just have the interview, because I don't think they would have\nforgiven me had I not done that. They were so upset that they did not, I did not\ndo it.\n\nAnd then the older one of course is a physician and working and has three\nchildren; I need not say more, that she just works very hard. She's very--she\nwants to be super organized, and she wants to be super everything, and she\nwants, you know, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=12990.0,13020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"she's working hard. I think all of that has something to\ndo, has something to do with being survivor's children [cross talk]. It's a\ndifferent paper [laughs] It's another Ph.D.\n\nGHITIS: Eva, how much do you think about your experiences?\n\nBARON: Oddly enough more today than ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=13020.0,13050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years before. Isn't that interesting after\nall these years? I remember once the kids were teenagers. They were already big\ngirls. They were already may fifteen or sixteen, something like that. It can be\neasily established because I remembered, my husband and I went to see a movie.\nIt was called Pawnbroker. I don't know if you have seen that movie. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=13050.0,13080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it was at\nthat time. And that movie had a tremendous effect on me. To me, it was much\nworse to see that movie, or, I don't say worse, but more meaningful than\nactually see a horror, because the movie was about a survivor looking over and\nsuddenly remembering a scene. That daily life ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=13080.0,13110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in freedom in a good country, how\nyou live it. And I said to Murray: \"Yes, it's almost like Prust, where you smell\nsomething and suddenly a whole scene is in front of you.\" And I remember\nthinking about that movie. Really had an effect on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=13110.0,13140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me.\n\nAround that time I had a dream, and it's interesting you would think that in all\nthese years you would have one dream. I really think I had only that one dream,\nthat I had this dream that I was in camp. We just got there and I'm in line with\nmy mother and we are marching towards selection. Just like it happened. And I'm\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=13140.0,13170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"holding my mother's hand, and like in a dream, in two seconds I am not with my\nmother. I am the mother and I'm holding my daughter's hand. And I look down and\nI'm only have one of the kids with me and the other one is not there. And my\nolder daughter was a very good dancer. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=13170.0,13200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She was taking like all little girls\nballet classes, but she carried it through and she went on and she was a good\ndancer. My younger one started to take it, never liked it, was not a dancer, and\nI didn't send her on, you know, she was in for a year and she quit. And I\nremember going in this selection and seeing my other daughter, the younger one,\nselected ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=13200.0,13230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out in another group, and I'm yelling: \"But she can't dance.\" And\nsomehow, I guess they put her in my mind in a dancing group, but she can't\ndance, and she'll be destroyed. And I couldn't wake up, and I was yelling in my\ndream to a point where my husband, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=13230.0,13260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I woke up with both my husband's hands on my\narms shaking me to wake up. I was so with this dream. There was such a\ndesperation in my dream that I never felt ever in my waking hours of this\nhorrible thing of knowing in my dream of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=13260.0,13290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what's going to happen, but my kids\nwere involved and I couldn't do anything about it. I was so devastated in my\ndream, that I got up and sat up and sat, couldn't get out of it. And it pretty\nmuch sums up to me the answer to your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=13290.0,13320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"question. I never had a dream like that\nagain. I actually got up, got out of bed, went to my, to different bedrooms of\nmy kids to look at them, and as I said, they were not babies. Went back to bed,\ndid fall asleep eventually, but never forgot the dream. So whenever you think\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=13320.0,13350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it's ok. You know, I came through it ok. You know maybe not. Maybe you did,\nbut you're not rid of it, that's what I'm trying to say. So you're never rid of\nit. And of course when you're young, it's easy to occupy ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=13350.0,13380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"yourself with many\nthings. There was always--as you get older, not only that, most of the people\nwho know about it are dying or died. And there is nothing, I can't say \"Remember\nwhen.\" There's no one to say it to. So you think about it more ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=13380.0,13410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so. You do. More\nnow than before. I don't think I could have done that tape that I did [for the\nShoah Visual History Foundation] years before. Somehow wasn't a propos of\nanything in my life, I felt. It took time. And I guess it takes to the end of\nyour life. It's not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=13410.0,13440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something that has a beginning or an end. It doesn't have a\nbeginning or an end. Life will remain before and after, literally. It's before\nand after and during. That's a Holocaust survivor's story, whether they put it\nin different words. I know people who really wanted to forget their befores,\nbecause ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=13440.0,13470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they were very poor and they would never had had a chance under the\nEuropean old structure. Your father is poor, you are poor, you don't have a\nchance kind of a situation. And who have made here an awful lot of money, became\nvery rich. And I think those people felt almost guilty. I know a couple\ninstances, and I mean super rich. I feel, sometimes I say to myself they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=13470.0,13500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like\nbeing rich. It's nice to have money. But at the same time, they got rich at the\nexpense of the Holocaust kind of a, you know, if not for the Holocaust they\nwouldn't have been here, they wouldn't have had the opportunity. So everybody\nhas their package. No matter how it was, but there was a before, a during and an\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=13500.0,13530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after. And it just depends, also some people make a mistake, I think, to say,\nyou know, you were in Auschwitz, so you are the same. You know, as much as\nAuschwitz was an equalizer, you were a person that went in with your own\nbackground and kind of relationship you had with your parents, or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=13530.0,13560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whatever. So\nthat your experience in Auschwitz was absorbed not the same way as the next\nperson's, although the horror was the same and if somebody tells you about it\nyou know exactly what they're talking about. But you're not the same just\nbecause you were in Auschwitz. That's a commonalty we have, but we're not the\nsame people.\n\nGHITIS: So you were saying ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=13560.0,13590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that even though some of the experiences were similar\nor equal, the personal experience is unique to the individual.\n\nBARON: Yes. You know today, when we're so aware of psychological factors.\nEverybody--every commercial is thirty-minute psychology test or lecture where\nyou ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=13590.0,13620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have. We play on emotions so much nowadays and we know so much more about\nthe workings. And we keep on saying how individuals are, and how we-- At the\nsame time, people say: \"Well, that's a Holocaust survivor,\" or they're all this\nway. And I say that it's an individual story. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=13620.0,13650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there are other people who\nwere with me, let's say, I don't know, I don't know them, from the beginning of\nAuschwitz till the end of Auschwitz let's say for the five months and went the\nsame way I did in my particular case let's say. I don't think they have the same\nthoughts, because they come from maybe a different, almost culturally different\nbackground. Jews, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=13650.0,13680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but different. Parents who might have treated you differently.\nSo we have to take into consideration who you were when you went into camp. I\nsang some bawdy songs that I learned in Auschwitz. I would have never learned,\nknown songs like that at that age because Hitler didn't just take certain ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=13680.0,13710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kind\nof Jews, and they were cabaret entertainers, who were Jewish girls, who were in\nAuschwitz. And they sang songs like they did in the cabaret. So, you know, these\nare all different people and cannot make a statement that Holocaust survivors\nare all the same. You cannot be a Holocaust ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=13710.0,13740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"survivor of Hungarian origin and be\nthe same as a Polish survivor who had horrendous things happen for three years,\nnot one year. A person who was in the Warsaw Ghetto is not the same, you know,\nso there are eight categories according to the countries and then ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=13740.0,13770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"individual,\nbut it comes down to your individual experience. Not only what you were exposed\nto, or what you brought to it.\n\nAm I simplifying camp? I'm not trying to minimize it or simplify it, because\nit's complicated, but it's the only way I can explain it.\n\nGHITIS: How about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=13770.0,13800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the notion that many survivors have a sense of guilt for\nhaving survived and in your case [cross talk]\n\nBARON: You know I always, always hear about guilt. Not only hear about it, this\nis a very discussed subject, guilt. Guilt for having survived. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=13800.0,13830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"don't. I feel\nnot that lucky. I felt not that lucky that I survived because I had to mourn. I\nknew that somehow I will have to mourn for the loss. And to this day I cannot\nstand losing even anything, to lose a person is the worst thing that can happen\nto me, never mind family members. I can't even touch that. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=13830.0,13860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But that they did not\nmake it and I did--I was alone. If I want to be logical about it, I did not\nsurvive at the expense of another person. I did nothing to survive. It wasn't\nbecause I took somebody's bread ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=13860.0,13890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"away or stepped on somebody. Certainly not my\nown family. I felt very unlucky because I survived in the beginning because I\nfelt alone. But guilty, as by definition guilty, I don't think so. I know that,\nI have asked other ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=13890.0,13920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"survivors within the family who told me, no they don't feel\nguilty. So I don't know--I'm sure there are people who do, and I'm sure that you\nknow the explanation is they were more deserving than I, how come I was left\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=13920.0,13950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"alive and they are, and therefore I am guilty for having survived. So the logic\ngoes, or the explanation. I felt bad. I always wanted to have them alive, but I\ndidn't particularly want me dead. In the beginning, when I first found out that\nmy father died, I really thought I should ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=13950.0,13980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not live. I really thought that I\nshould do something not to live, like, like committing suicide. That was really\nmy first thought, because I really couldn't imagine which direction to go. But\nit, that was right after, I was so sure that he was alive and I was sure that my\nmother was dead, so I just couldn't accept that, and I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=13980.0,14010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"really thought. But it\ndidn't last. It was an immediate reaction that, as far as me wanting to die, but\nI was--this horrendous disappointment, that I'll never see them again. Was in my\nmind that someday it's going to be over with and my father is waiting for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=14010.0,14040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me,\neven though my mother didn't, you know, can't. So it was bad, but it--I don't\nknow whether that was the survivor's syndrome, guilt syndrome at all. I don't\nknow if I can put myself in that category.\n\nGHITIS: Do you have any other thoughts you would like to share with us?\n\nBARON: I don't know. Not really. I have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=14040.0,14070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no tremendous--with all of that, I don't\nknow whether I have come to any horrendous, philosophical conclusions about\nlife, death. I really--I don't think I fear death as much as some people do. I\ndo fear illness. I think the best thing for me was to have my family. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=14070.0,14100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I perhaps\nshould have had many children to recreate a big family, but I'm not sorry. It's\njust, you know, I think that's the thing that one misses is people. I have good\nchildren, my husband as well. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=14100.0,14130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"never presumed to tell other people or--about\nphilosophies of life or whatever, or perhaps tell my philosophy as something\nmore worthwhile than another person's philosophy who's of the same mind as I am.\nI never imposed really my way of life ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=14130.0,14160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on some other people. I was always glad\nthat I had enough self centeredness to be able to explain to myself some of the\nthings to pull me through periods of downs and that hard part of life. Or some\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=14160.0,14190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"depressions that come upon you for no reason. You pull yourself out of it.\n\nAs far as a philosophy and as a Holocaust survivor, I don't know if I can impart\nany kind of wisdom, because some of the questions will never be answered, to my\nmind. Never. And the older I get, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=14190.0,14220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the more horrendous it is to me that this\nhappened in this century to the Jews. And also, that things are not so great for\nthe Jews again. Antisemitism. I'm not saying that it's full ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=14220.0,14250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"circle, but it's not\nso great, what goes on in the world, and that's hard. That's hard.\n\nI have been upset about, I used to think that we will never need money. That was\nanother childish thing of mine, that after camp nobody will need money. Don't\nask me why. And then ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=14250.0,14280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the pursuit of money has always bothered me. I mean,\npeople, you know, but it's not unique to me I don't think. It's just my kind of\nphilosophy, or disappointment.\n\nYou can cut me off before ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=14280.0,14310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/transcript/21076/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this.\n\nGHITIS: Thank you very much.\n\nBARON: You didn't cut it off.\n\nGHITIS: Thank you for your thoughts, for your stories [cross talk]\n\nBARON: Well, if you're not tired of it, Sara.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=14310.0,14340.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/annotation_set/270","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/annotation_set/270/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCzechoslovakia was a country that came into existence in 1918 after separating from the Austro-Hungarian Empire (which dissolved into Austria and Hungary post-WW1). In 1993, Czechoslovakia split into the countries it is known as today: the Czech Republic and Slovakia. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/annotation_set/270/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Carpathian Mountains are a mountain range in Central Europe that form a sort of half circle around the region. It is the second longest mountain range in Europe.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/annotation_set/270/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEliezer “Elie” Wiesel was a Holocaust survivor and author who wrote on his experiences during the Holocaust in both Auschwitz and Buchenwald concentration camps. He is most famous for his book Night which recalls his time in the concentration camps and a look at his life right after liberation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/annotation_set/270/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War I, also called First World War or Great War, was an international conflict that in 1914–18 embroiled most of the nations of Europe along with Russia, the United States, the Middle East, and other regions. The war pitted the Central Powers—mainly Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey—against the Allies—mainly France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, Japan, and, from 1917, the United States. It ended with the defeat of the Central Powers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/annotation_set/270/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Trianon Treaty could be compared to the Treaty of Versailles. It was a treaty signed between the Allies and Hungary to end the first World War. It was signed June 4, 1920 at the Trianon Palace at Versailles. The Treaty took a long time to settle following the war as the Allies were not willing to deal with Béla Kun’s communist government, then were unable to work with the unstable yet more moderate government that followed. They finally met with a new government that they formally recognized and handed the treaty to. The treaty’s biggest point was taking nearly 2/3 of Hungary’s land (and thereby people) from them and reassigning this land to the surrounding countries, such as Czechoslovakia and Austria. Their government was also restricted. The treaty created much anger and unified people against the West. They were bitter over the loss of land, particularly, and would have this be the basis of many political campaigns for government for years to come.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/annotation_set/270/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Theresienstadt (Terezín) \"camp-ghetto\" near Prague in the present day Czech Republic was opened in late 1941 and existed until May 1945. In the course of its existence, approximately 140,000 Jews from Germany, Austria, and about one third of the Jewish population of Bohemia and Moravia were sent to Theresienstadt. It served as a ghetto, an assembly camp, and a concentration camp. It was originally designed to hold prominent Jews, persons of special merit and old people and to camouflage the extermination of European Jews of world opinion by presenting it as a “model Jewish settlement.”  Prior to its inception as a ghetto, Terezin had been a civilian town. Established in 1780, it was originally a fortress town. In early 1941, its inhabitants, including 10 Jewish families, numbered 3,700 individuals. The non-Jewish population was completely moved out by June 1942 and thousands of Jews from Germany and Austria were moved in. The first Jews arrived at the end of November 1941 and by the end of May 1942, 28,887 Jews had been deported to the ghetto, about one third of the Jewish population of Bohemia and Moravia. The conditions were terrible and the death rate overall neared 50 percent. Roughly 33,000 died in Theresienstadt itself. Nearly 90,000 Jews were deported to other ghettos, concentration camps, and extermination camps in Nazi-occupied Eastern Europe. The first deportation of 2,000 Jews to Riga, Latvia took place in January 1942. In September 1942 the ghetto population reached its peak with 53,000 people. The final phase began in the fall of 1944 with continuous deportations mostly to Auschwitz-Birkenau. By the end of 1944 only 11,068 people remained in the ghetto. Nearly 90,000 Jews were deported from Thereseinstadt to other ghettos, concentration camps, and extermination camps in Nazi-occupied Eastern Europe. Over 60,000 of those were Jews from Bohemia and Moravia. Fewer than 3,100 of the Bohemian and Moravian Jews who were deported from Thereseinstadt are known to have survived.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/annotation_set/270/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAs the Russian army drew near the extermination and slave labor camps in the East, the Germans marched the prisoners on foot out of the camps to the West, usually back into Germany where they were often abandoned in camps such as Bergen-Belsen and Buchenwald.  These marches could last for weeks, without food or water, during which time many of the prisoners died and were left along the side of the road.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/annotation_set/270/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA food similar to porridge, it is a cereal like dish made of any kind of grain and boiled in milk or water.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/annotation_set/270/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDuring the Holocaust, concentration camp prisoners received tattoos only at one location: the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp complex. Tattooing was introduced at Auschwitz in the autumn of 1941 for Soviet prisoners of war. In March 1942, tattoos were used to identify prisoners at Auschwitz II (Birkenau). By the spring of 1943, the SS authorities throughout the entire Auschwitz complex adopted the practice of tattooing almost all previously registered and newly arrived prisoners, including female prisoners. Prisoners were given tattoos on their forearms of their camp serial number, which was also sewn onto their uniforms. Only prisoners selected for work were registered and given serial numbers; those that were sent directly to the gas chambers were not registered or given tattoos.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/annotation_set/270/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAuschwitz-Birkenau was a network of camps built and operated by Germany just outside the Polish town of Oswiecem (renamed ‘Auschwitz’ by the Germans) in Polish areas annexed by Germany during World War II. It is estimated that the SS and police deported at a minimum 1.3 million people (approximately 1.1 million of which were Jews) to the Auschwitz-Birkenau complex between 1940 and 1945. Camp authorities murdered 1.1 million of these prisoners.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/annotation_set/270/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe US War Refugee Board (WRB) recruited Swedish businessman Raoul Wallenberg in June 1944 to travel to Hungary. Given status as a diplomat by the Swedish legation, Wallenberg's task was to do what he could to assist and save Hungarian Jews. Wallenberg led one of the most extensive and successful rescue efforts during the Nazi era, saving thousands of Hungarian Jews. With authorization from the Swedish government, Wallenberg began distributing certificates of protection [German: Schutzpass] issued by the Swedish legation to Jews in Budapest. Wallenberg began to distribute certificates of protection indiscriminately. He used WRB and Swedish funds to establish hospitals, nurseries and a soup kitchen, and establish more than 30 “safe houses” on the Pest side of Budapest. Swedish flags hung from the front of each and Wallenberg declared the houses Swedish territory. The safe houses were at the core of the \"international ghetto\" in Budapest, an area reserved for Jews and their families holding certificates of protection from a neutral country. Wallenberg's colleagues in the Swedish legation and diplomats from other neutral countries, such as Spain, also participated in rescue operations. Nearly 50,000 Jews in Budapest were placed under diplomatic protection. In October 1944, the situation in Budapest took a turn for the worse. Although the Soviet army was already approaching, the fascist \"Arrow Cross\" seized power and established a reign of terror, disregarding the certificates of protection. As Soviet troops had already cut off rail transport routes to Auschwitz-Birkenau, Hungarian authorities forced tens of thousands of Budapest Jews to march west toward the border of Austria. Wallenberg repeatedly—and often personally—intervened to secure the release of those with certificates of protection or forged papers, saving as many people as he could. Wallenberg and representatives of other neutral countries followed the marchers in their vehicles, and distributed food, clothing and medications.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/annotation_set/270/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) was founded in 1943. Its mission was to provide economic assistance to European nations after World War II and to repatriate and assist the refugees who would come under Allied control. UNRRA managed hundreds of displaced persons camps in Germany, Italy, and Austria and played a major role in repatriating survivors to their home countries in 1946-1947. It largely shut down operations in 1947.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/annotation_set/270/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe USSR occupied Hungary after WW2 and despite Hungary being intended to become a democratic state, they used the country as a satellite state. Leaving the country would’ve been difficult for Eva and her family because the USSR was very strict over keeping people under their rule.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/annotation_set/270/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBourgeoisie is a polysemous French term that describes a sociologically defined social class, especially in contemporary times, referring to people with a certain cultural and financial capital belonging to the middle or upper middle class: the upper (haute), middle (moyenne), and petty (petite) bourgeoisie (which are collectively designated \"the bourgeoisie\"); an affluent and often opulent stratum of the middle class who stand opposite the proletariat class\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/annotation_set/270/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCommunism is theory on politics and economy created by Karl Marx that says the means of production should be in the hands of the people rather than a higher class. It is a form of socialism, where things are shared between all people.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/annotation_set/270/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDirector Steven Spielberg (of Schindler’s List fame) established the Survivors of the Shoah Visual History Foundation in 1994 to gather video testimonies from survivors and other witnesses of the Holocaust. In addition to interviewing primarily Jewish survivors, homosexual survivors, Jehovah’s Witness survivors, liberators and liberation witnesses, political prisoners, rescuers and aid providers, Roma and Sinti (Gypsy) survivors, survivors of Eugenics policies, and war crimes trials participants were also interviewed. Today the foundation is known as the USC Shoah Foundation Institute for Visual History and Education and the collection includes nearly 52,000 video testimonies of Holocaust survivors. The archive has also been expanded to include another 10,000 testimonies of witnesses from other genocides, including Rwanda.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/annotation_set/270/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Rothschild Hospital was a hospital in Vienna. The hospital had been in operation since 1873 but was shut down by the Nazis in 1943. After World War II, it reopened as a place for displaced persons to come.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/annotation_set/270/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWhen hostilities ended on May 8, 1945 in Europe, as many as 100,000 Jewish survivors found themselves among the 7,000,000 uprooted and homeless people classified as displaced persons (DPs). In a chaotic six-month period, 6,000,000 non-Jewish DPs, who had been deported to Germany as forced laborers for the Nazis, wandered through Germany and Eastern Europe toward their homelands. The liberated Jews, who were plagued by illness and exhaustion, emerged from concentration camps and hiding places to discover a world in which they had no place. Bereft of home and family, and reluctant to return to their pre-war homelands, these Jews were joined in a matter of months by more than 150,000 other Jews fleeing fierce antisemitism in Poland, Hungary, Romania and Russia. Allied forces established temporary facilities (DP Camps) across Germany, Austria, and Italy to house DPs. Often, shelter was improvised and DPs found themselves housed in everything from former military barracks, summer camps and airports to castles, hotels and even private homes. Initially, the Allies herded Jewish DPs and non-Jewish DPs together, but conflicts arose. The need to recognize Jews as a unique and stateless group of DPs was urgent, and became obvious to the Americans. They created the first exclusively Jewish DP camp at Feldafing, which began absorbing Jews from Dachau in the summer of 1945. Most DP camps had been designated as either Jewish or non-Jewish by the end of 1945. In 1946 and 1947, the number of DPs in the camps rose substantially and conditions were often overcrowded and harsh. New organization and policies eventually took shape that substantially improved the DPs camps. Refugees were given some authority to manage their own affairs and some survivors began to establish new political and cultural lives. Many DPs married and started families while in the camps. \u003cspan\u003eFrom 1945 to 1952, more than 250,000 Jewish displaced persons lived in camps and urban centers in Germany, Austria, and Italy. Allied authorities and the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) administered these facilities. Displaced Jews registered with various aid agencies like UNRRA (United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration), the IRO (International Refugee Organization), or the British Red Cross’ Central Tracing Bureau (which would later be renamed the International Tracing Service) in the hopes of reconnecting with their families. Eventually, DPs were repatriated to their home countries, reestablished themselves in new countries or immigrated outside of Europe. Most of the DP camps were closed by 1950.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/annotation_set/270/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePX is the abbreviation for the Military Post Exchange. Similar to a trading post, this shop existed on United States Military bases around the world where military members could get materials and goods.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/annotation_set/270/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEstablished on March 22, 1933, Dachau was the first concentration camp established by the Nazi regime. It was located in southern Germany near the town of Dachau, about 10 miles northwest of Munich. Dachau became a model for other concentration camps and was used as a training center for SS guards. Originally, it was a camp for criminals, political prisoners, and other opponents of the Nazi regime. In 1938, in the aftermath of Kristallnacht, the Jewish population rose to 10,000, although most were eventually released after agreeing to emigrate from Germany. Over 188,000 prisoners passed through Dachau between 1933 and 1945. Prisoners at Dachau were used as forced laborers and thousands were literally worked to death. Between 1940 and 1945, at least 28,000 died there as a result of the harsh, overcrowded conditions, medical experiments, and executions. There was a crematorium at Dachau, but the sick or weakened prisoners who were murdered were sent to the Hartheim “euthanasia” killing center near Linz, Austria. The crematorium served to dispose of corpses from the concentration camp, but by the end of 1944, their capacity was no longer enough to cremate the scores of dead from the camp. Upon liberating the camp at the end of April 1945, American soldiers came across countless corpses piled up in the crematorium. Toward the end of the war, around 7,000 mostly Jewish prisoners were sent on a death march from Dachau to Tegernsee far to the south. \u003cspan\u003eWhen American troops liberated the camp on April 29, 1945, they found thousands of dead and dying prisoners as well as more than 30 railroad cars filled with decomposing bodies that had been brought to Dachau and abandoned.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/annotation_set/270/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKaddish (Hebrew for ‘holy’) is a hymn of praises to G-d found in the Jewish prayer service that is recited aloud while standing. The central theme of the Kaddish is the magnification and sanctification of G-d's name. Along with the Shema and Amidah, the Kaddish is one of the most important and central elements in the Jewish liturgy.  Mourner's Kaddish is said at all prayer services and certain other occasions. Following the death of a parent, child, spouse, or sibling it is customary to recite the Mourner's Kaddish in the presence of a congregation daily for 30 days, or 11 months in the case of a parent, and then at every anniversary of the death. It is important to note that the Mourner's Kaddish does not mention death at all, but instead praises G-d.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/annotation_set/270/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA rare illness that causes fluid to expend the skull and put pressure on and damage the brain tissue.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/annotation_set/270/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEllis Island is an island off the coast of New York that served as an immigrant station from 1892-1954. It was one of the largest immigration stations during its time and saw hundreds of thousands of immigrants pass through its doors on their way to a better life in America.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=4980.0,5010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/annotation_set/270/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKosher/Kashrut is the set of Jewish dietary laws that dictate how food is prepared or served and which kinds of foods or animals can be eaten. Food that may be consumed according to halakhah (Jewish law) is termed ‘kosher’ in English. In a kosher kitchen and home, meat and dairy are kept separate, so a separate sets of dishes, cookware, and serving ware are needed. Food that is not in accordance with Jewish law is called ‘treif.’ The word ‘kosher’ has become English vernacular, a colloquialism meaning proper, legitimate, genuine, fair, or acceptable. Kosher can also be used to describe ritual objects that are made in accordance with Jewish law and are fit for ritual use.                \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475#t=6630.0,6660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29667/file/97475/annotation_set/270/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHasidic Judaism (also sometimes called Chasidim (From the Hebrew word \"Chasid\" meaning \"pious”)] is a Jewish mystical movement that was founded in eighteenth century Eastern Europe by Rabbi Israel Baal Shem Tov. It promotes spirituality through the popularization and internalization of Jewish mysticism as the fundamental aspect of the faith. 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