{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/xg9f47hs6k/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Millender, Ivan"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2006-10-04 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Millender, Ivan (1940- ) (Interviewee)","Weinroth, Michael (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta","American Jewish Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eIvan Millender was interviewed by Michael Weinroth on October 4, 2006 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eIvan Millender was born in Atlanta, Georgia in 1940. He was adopted by Samuel and Esther Pollock Millender through the Jewish Children’s Service. His parents were both originally from Atlanta. Ivan grew up in Dalton, Georgia, in an observant and kosher home.  \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIvan’s father bought a clothing store in Dalton in 1929, Millender’s. Dalton had a small Jewish community, all merchants in the textile business. Many of those merchants came to Dalton from New York. The community attended Temple Beth El, a conservative synagogue, established in Dalton in 1940. Rabbi Harry Epstein came to Dalton from Atlanta to hold weekly Friday night services. Dalton’s first full-time rabbi was from a rabbinical family in Hungary, who arrived after World War II. Ivan attended religious school and Hebrew school in Dalton. He attended public school through 10th grade and then attended Baylor School, a boarding school in Chattanooga.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIvan met his wife, Shirley Hodes Millender at a \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e party in Dalton. They married and have two children, Michael Millender and Margaret Millender Musa.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eIvan Millender begins the interview talking about growing up in Dalton, a small southern town near Atlanta. He tells that his parents were both from Atlanta. He reflects on the strong Jewish education he received in Dalton, where he received Hebrew lessons and learned the importance of yahrzeit obligations in the community. Ivan reflects on how food preparation was linked to the structure and discipline of life. He talks about assimilating to Southern culture in some ways and remembers eating fried chicken on Sundays. He discusses there being a heightened consciousness of social standing.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIvan reflects on thoughts he had as a child of how life might be different if they lived in a larger city, but he describes his life in Dalton as pleasant with good relationships. He talks about the influx of northern Jews who came to Dalton during the 1930s as merchants in the textile business. He discusses how Jewish obligations and the concept of commitment to community were deeply instilled living in a small town. He mentions some intermarriage in the community. He talks about swimming at the country club where his father was a founding member. He describes his mother has having a certain refinement. He tells humorous stories of the community. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHe describes desegregation of schools and movie theaters in Dalton as happening without incident. He mentions Dalton having a history of being quiet and relates that Jews from Atlanta took refuge there during the time of the Leo Frank case. Ivan talks about meeting his wife, Shirley Hodes Millender, in Dalton and their two children, Michael and Margaret. \u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28791"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Millender, Ivan (1940- ) (personal name)","Millender, Shirley Hodes (1941-2020) (personal name)","Millender, Samuel (1903-1987) (personal name)","Millender, Esther Pollock (1904-1981) (personal name)","King, Martin Luther, Jr. (1929-1968) (personal name)","Rabbi Epstein, Harry Hyman (1903-2003) (personal name)","Rabbi Hevesi, Ferenc (1898-1952) (personal name)","Rabbi Zucker, Max (-1998) (personal name)","Frank, Leo Max (1884-1915) (personal name)","General Sherman, William Tecumseh (1820-1891) (personal name)","Dalton, Georgia (geographic term)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","Chattanooga, Tennessee (geographic term)","Hebrew Orphan's Home (corporate name)","Jewish Children's Service (corporate name)","Rich's Department Store (corporate name)","Temple Beth El (corporate name)","The Baylor School (corporate name)","United Daughters of the Confederacy (corporate name)","Jewish Community (topical term)","Bar Mitzvah (topical term)","Shabbat (topical term)","Reform Judaism (topical term)","Conservative Judaism (topical term)","Orthodox Judaism (topical term)","Minyan (topical term)","The Atlanta Campaign (topical term)","Civil Rights Movement (topical term)","Social Classes (topical term)","Segregation (topical term)","Integration (topical term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eIvan Millender was interviewed by Michael Weinroth on October 4, 2006 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIvan Millender was born in Atlanta, Georgia in 1940. He was adopted by Samuel and Esther Pollock Millender through the Jewish Children\u0026rsquo;s Service. His parents were both originally from Atlanta. Ivan grew up in Dalton, Georgia, in an observant and kosher home. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIvan\u0026rsquo;s father bought a clothing store in Dalton in 1929, Millender\u0026rsquo;s. Dalton had a small Jewish community, all merchants in the textile business. Many of those merchants came to Dalton from New York. The community attended Temple Beth El, a conservative synagogue, established in Dalton in 1940. Rabbi Harry Epstein came to Dalton from Atlanta to hold weekly Friday night services. Dalton\u0026rsquo;s first full-time rabbi was from a rabbinical family in Hungary, who arrived after World War II. Ivan attended religious school and Hebrew school in Dalton. He attended public school through 10th grade and then attended Baylor School, a boarding school in Chattanooga.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIvan met his wife, Shirley Hodes Millender at a \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e party in Dalton. They married and have two children, Michael Millender and Margaret Millender Musa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIvan Millender begins the interview talking about growing up in Dalton, a small southern town near Atlanta. He tells that his parents were both from Atlanta. He reflects on the strong Jewish education he received in Dalton, where he received Hebrew lessons and learned the importance of yahrzeit obligations in the community. Ivan reflects on how food preparation was linked to the structure and discipline of life. He talks about assimilating to Southern culture in some ways and remembers eating fried chicken on Sundays. He discusses there being a heightened consciousness of social standing.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIvan reflects on thoughts he had as a child of how life might be different if they lived in a larger city, but he describes his life in Dalton as pleasant with good relationships. He talks about the influx of northern Jews who came to Dalton during the 1930s as merchants in the textile business. He discusses how Jewish obligations and the concept of commitment to community were deeply instilled living in a small town. He mentions some intermarriage in the community. He talks about swimming at the country club where his father was a founding member. He describes his mother has having a certain refinement. He tells humorous stories of the community.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHe describes desegregation of schools and movie theaters in Dalton as happening without incident. He mentions Dalton having a history of being quiet and relates that Jews from Atlanta took refuge there during the time of the Leo Frank case. Ivan talks about meeting his wife, Shirley Hodes Millender, in Dalton and their two children, Michael and Margaret.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/131/254/small/Millender_Ivan.mp4_1639495162.jpg?1639477163","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Millender_Ivan.mp4"]},"duration":4339.691,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/131/254/small/Millender_Ivan.mp4_1639495162.jpg?1639477163","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/131/254/original/Millender_Ivan.mp4?1639477160","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":4339.691,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Millender, Ivan [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"WEINROTH: Let me thank you, Ivan, for coming in this morning. I'm excited\nthat you are here. I want you to first tell us a little bit about your own background.\n\nMILLENDER: I was born in Atlanta, November, 1940. I was adopted by my parents\nthrough the Jewish Children's Service. My father stayed active with that\norganization all the rest of his life and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"annually helped them raise money in\nnorth Georgia from different Jewish individuals for that cause. My parents were\noriginally Atlanta people. My mother was born here. My dad was brought here as\nan infant. My mother and grandmother moved away after the death of my\ngrandfather and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was raised in Washington, DC. In 1928 . . .\n\nWEINROTH: What are your parent's names?\n\nMILLENDER: My father's name is Samuel Millender. My mother's name was Esther\nPollock Millender. My mother's mother, my maternal grandmother, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was the youngest\nsister to Dora Srochi, who was the matriarch of the Srochi family. They brought\nher to the United States in 1898. She lived with them in the house until she\nmarried. My grandfather Pollock was killed on Decatur Street by a horse. He was\n29 years old. He ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"purchased a horse that had already killed one person. He had\ncommented that there is no horse that will kill me. He needed it for his wagon\nfor the grocery store. He walked around the side of the horse, and the horse\nkicked him in the head on a Wednesday. He died on a Friday in Grady Hospital.\nThe obituary in the Atlanta Journal-Constituion was interesting, very poetic. It\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"read \"Pollock is dead from a kick in the head.\" He died on early Friday morning.\nThey buried him on Friday afternoon in Oakland [Cemetery]. The obituary went on\nto say that the funeral had to held in haste because the Hebrews do not bury on\nSaturday, which is their Sabbath, and the body could not be held over. That was\nall ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"explained in detail. My grandmother and mother moved back into the house\nwith the Srochis. She lived there for approximately four years. A shidduch was\nmade through a relative in Washington and my grandmother remarried and moved to\nWashington, DC. If I may go off a little bit, that marriage also ended in\nanother ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tragedy. In 1913, her second husband, Mr. Katz, was in his wagon going\nto the farmer's market. He stopped on Third Street in Washington to go to the\nbarber shop. He never came out of the barber shop. They looked, and they could\nnever find the body. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It remained a great mystery as to what happened to him. The\nmystery was finally uncovered in 1970 after the Martin Luther King riots in\nWashington. The race riots. The block that the barber shop was in had been\ndestroyed by fire. When the bulldozer went in there to clear the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"block, they\nfound the bones in the building under the building next door. He was probably\nmurdered in the barber chair for his cash because the grocery merchants had to\ncarry cash to the farmer's market. My grandmother ran the grocery store in\nGeorgetown off of our street and raised my mother ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there. In 1928, moved to\nAtlanta because Mrs. Srochi said it was time for them to come back so my mother\ncould meet a nice Atlanta boy. In 1929, my father's first cousin, Dr. Harry\nCohen [sp], who was later a dentist, arranged for my father to meet my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mother.\nMy father bought a bankrupt store in Dalton in 1929 [Millender's]. My mother\ngave him the ring back because she said she wasn't going to live in the country.\nSix months later, went back at others' suggestion since she stayed with a Jewish\nfamily there, named Hurowitz. Mrs. [Ella] Hurowitz was originally a Tenenbaum\nfrom Atlanta. The family, you might remember, owned Bell's store on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Roswell Road\nin later years. There were other Jews there. She felt at home. My parents\nmarried in 1930 and stayed there until, basically, my mother died in 1981. My\nfather lived the rest of his life after that in a nursing home here.\n\nWEINROTH: Tell me when you were born, exactly.\n\nMILLENDER: November 24, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1940.\n\nWEINROTH: You sort of explained this earlier, but exactly why did they go to\nDalton? Was it to open up this store?\n\nMILLENDER: My father wanted to have his own business. In the 1920s, he worked\nfor Mr. Sam Orenstein, who had a store in Decatur. His own dad had a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"store, but\nhe wouldn't work with his dad. Mr. Orenstein said, \"I'll open another store, and\nyou can manage it.\" He said, \"No, I want my own business.\" A Jewish family in\nDalton had a business that had fallen upon hard times, and my dad thought he\ncould make a go of it. He bought the store from these people who moved back to\nAtlanta and went to work for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rich's. My dad went there and lived in a boarding\nhouse that was owned by a Jewish lady, named Mrs. Crow, for about six months or\nso. He struggled to get the store open and then he married my mother. They\nestablished a home there. Shortly ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thereafter, my grandmother moved from Atlanta\nto live with them.\n\nWEINROTH: That was around 1930?\n\nMILLENDER: Yes.\n\nWEINROTH: What kind of store was it?\n\nMILLENDER: It was the typical clothing store, men's and women's merchandise. It\nwas not low end. It was medium. It was the type of merchandise that in the old\ndays you would go into a department ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"store, there would be the merchandise on the\nmain floor. It was the medium grade.\n\nWEINROTH: There were other Jewish families in Dalton?\n\nMILLENDER: My parents were the sixth family. Four of them all lived in the same\napartment house. There was a four-unit apartment house on Thornton Avenue that\nhad up and down apartments like townhouses. It was affectionately known ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as\nherring row.\n\nWEINROTH: The whole Jewish community lived in one?\n\nMILLENDER: The four out of six. The other two already had houses.\n\nWEINROTH: Do you remember the names of any of these other families?\n\nMILLENDER: One was Dubrof. Lily and Joe Dubrof, who were from Chattanooga\n[Tennessee]. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If I'm not mistaken, the Bravers might have lived there then. I\ncan't recall. There was a family named Ginsberg. Simon Ginsberg, whose wife was\nfrom Atlanta at that time. Bessie Fine. I cannot recall the others. I don't know\nwho they were.\n\nWEINROTH: What kinds of businesses where they in?\n\nMILLENDER: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Merchants. They were all merchants.\n\nWEINROTH: Did downtown Dalton have a number of Jewish . . .\n\nMILLENDER: Stores.\n\nWEINROTH: When did the majority of the Jews begin coming into Dalton?\n\nMILLENDER: I think they trickled in during the 1930s, the last five years\nprobably. By 1938, there was an influx, for some reason, of the northern Jews,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who came there to be in the textile business.\n\nWEINROTH: Did that precede the carpet industry?\n\nMILLENDER: Yes, they were in the chenille business. Basically, they purchased\nsheeting from the cotton mills. The sheeting was cut up into bedspreads. The\nbedspreads were decorated with this tufting application by ladies in the country\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who did this as a home industry. That is how it began. It then branched out into\nsmall bathmats and lady's chenille bathrobes and related products. That is how\nthat industry grew. It was also given a boost during World War II from contract\nwork from the government.\n\nWEINROTH: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What is your earliest memory of growing up in Dalton?\n\nMILLENDER: The earliest would be attendance in nursery school and kindergarten\nand also going to the temple. The synagogue was established there in 1940\n[Temple Beth El]. Rabbi [Harry] Epstein came up from Atlanta and had every Jew\nin the area come together on a Sunday ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"afternoon. He spoke to them. When he left\nto go home, they were organized. The synagogue rented a house, and they began to\nhold services on Friday nights and have some semblance of a religious school for\nthe few children that were living there at the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time.\n\nWEINROTH: Was it well received, the creation of the synagogue?\n\nMILLENDER: Sure. It became the only Jewish expression in northwest Georgia.\n\nWEINROTH: Where did you go to school?\n\nMILLENDER: I attended the public school up through the 10th grade. Then my\nparents sent me to a boarding school in Chattanooga, the Baylor School.\n\nWEINROTH: What was your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"relationship with non-Jewish people in Dalton?\n\nMILLENDER: It was basically very pleasant. I don't recall any types of problems\nof any kind. There were oft times discussions or remarks that one might hear\nfrom gentile children. I remember, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in particular, one neighbor. There was a\nfamily who had five children. I played with at least two or three of them on a\nregular basis. There was a girl who was a year older than me. She said, \"Mama\ntold me that the reason why we don't want Jews in the country club is because\nthey are ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"loud.\" I came home and repeated that. Of course, my parents were\nsomewhat amused by it and dismissed it. The country club is an interesting\nstory. The club was founded in 1932 to provide a golf ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"course. My father was\nasked to be a founding member, and he did. There was one other Jewish man at\nthat time, Mr. Ginsberg, who, I think was also a founding member. After that,\nthere were no other Jewish people in the club. This ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"situation continued until\nthe 1950s. As a child, I would go out there to swim. I began to realize that\nnone of the other Jewish boys who went to Sunday school or Hebrew school were\nswimming there. Then I realized that their families were not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"members and if they\nwanted to swim, they had to go out about five miles on the highway to a private\nplace where you pay for admission that was open to the public. I asked my father\nabout this. He explained to me that there was a clique in the club who did not\nwant any Jews in the club. I said, \"How did you become a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"member?\" He said, \"When\nthey needed members to start in the early days, I was asked to be a member, and\nI've maintained my membership. However, if I want to play golf with other Jewish\nmen, we go to Calhoun to play.\" It was 20 miles down the road. It had a public\ncourse. At that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"point, I was reminded by my mother that one reason they\nmaintained the membership, was because she felt more comfortable with me using\nthe swimming pool at the country club rather than going to the public pool on\nthe road because there would be an element of people using that pool that she\ndidn't approve ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of. It was about a class of people that swam at the country club.\nThere was less chance of me getting polio at the country club than there was\nfrom using the pool out on the highway. Ironically, the superintendent of public\nschool's son fell victim of polio. It was the only case in town of my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"age\nbracket. He swam at the country club.\n\nWEINROTH: This was in the mid-1950s?\n\nMILLENDER: Late 1940s. Yes, it would be the 1950s when he fell ill to that.\n\nWEINROTH: The fact that your family was admitted to the country club and then\nthey had an exclusionary policy about other Jews belonging, did that create any\ninteraction problems with other Jewish families and your parents? Did they\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"resent that?\n\nMILLENDER: No, not that I know of. It was just the situation. I think a lot of\nit was a reaction against New York Jews coming to town. They had the accent\nwhich was grating on certain people. They were a little aggressive and verbal in\ntheir communications. Plus, they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were competitors of some of the Christian\nbusiness people that were in town. I'm sure that had something to do with it. It\nwas interesting, one day, probably around the time of my bar mitzvah, my father\nreceived a phone call from the president of the club. I remember it just like\nyesterday. The ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"president told my father that the clique in the club who had been\npracticing this exclusionary policy against Jews had changed their minds and\nthat they were going to ascent to the admission of the Jewish families into the\ncountry club. He said, \"We want you and Mrs. Millender to pick out which ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ones\nyou want to join the club.\"\n\nWEINROTH: So, you were going to be a screening committee.\n\nMILLENDER: Yes. The call came through, it was after supper one night because\nthey discussed it. My father took down the roster of the temple. They started\nlooking over the names of who we should ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ask to be the first ones and how many?\nIt was decided it should be a gradual process. My dad said the ones that are\navid golfers should be the first ones in the club because the club served no\nother social function. There were no facilities there other than the tennis,\ngolf, and swimming and a small club ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"house. Several Jewish families over the next\ncouple of years were taken in. Over the next ten years, I would say, practically\nany Jewish family that wanted to join, could. There was no problem. I met my\nwife there. A friend of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ours' son had a bar mitzvah, and they had a party there\non a Saturday night. My wife's family was from Chattanooga. They were very close\nwith this other family in Dalton, the Koplan family. Mrs. Koplan was from Rome,\nbut Mr. Koplan was from Chattanooga. I first laid eyes on my wife, Shirley Hodes\n[Millender], at the bar ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mitzvah party at the country club.\n\nWEINROTH: I would assume the other place of social contact was the synagogue.\n\nMILLENDER: That's correct. The synagogue originally met in a house. After World\nWar II, they realized that beginning construction of a very handsome edifice for\nthe synagogue. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"guess at that time maybe there were 40 families. They had\nalready hired a rabbi. They had a rabbi during the World War II period in the\nrented house. After World War II, there was a rabbi that was brought from\nHungary, Rabbi Ferenc Hevesi, who ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was from a very rabbinical family in Hungary.\nHe was from Budapest. His father or uncle had been one of the last chief rabbis\nof Budapest. He survived the war. The synagogue family brought him to Dalton,\nwhere he served for five or six years. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"During that time, the building was begun\nand partially completed. It was finished in the early 1950s. He was great at\nspearheading and galvanizing the community to build this building and raising\nthe funds that were required to do it.\n\nWEINROTH: I'm assuming it drew people from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not just Dalton but maybe all around Dalton.\n\nMILLENDER: There weren't too many Jews that lived outside of Dalton. There were\nonly a handful. There were a few in Calhoun. That was basically it because the\nJewish family in LaFayette did not attend in Dalton. They belonged in\nChattanooga. I believe it was easier for them to drive to Chattanooga than to\nDalton. In those days, there was no ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"interstate. It took an hour to drive from\nDalton to Chattanooga. It was a terrible two-lane curvy road. It was a major\ntrek to drive there. Just about every Jewish person in the community belonged to\nthe synagogue. There were only one or two ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"isolated cases of unmarried\nindividuals in town who did not belong to the synagogue.\n\nWEINROTH: As we talked earlier, you had mentioned about the rabbi. You had also\nmentioned about where he chose to live in Dalton.\n\nMILLENDER: That was an interesting story. Except for one or two exceptions,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"practically all the Jews that lived in Dalton had come from an Eastern European\nbackground, and there were varying degrees of observance. The synagogue became\nconservative in its religious rites. It maintained a strictly kosher kitchen.\nWhen Rabbi Hevesi ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came, my grandmother having come from the old country, when\nshe heard he was coming from Budapest, that was like royalty that was coming to\nDalton. We can compete with Rabbi Epstein now that we have Rabbi Hevesi. As soon\nas he came, the congregation had secured for him a parsonage across the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"street\nfrom the synagogue. He said, \"I don't want to live there. I want to live in the\ncountry where there is fresh air.\" I said, \"Do you drive on Shabbos?\" He said,\n\"I drive on Shabbos.\" That was a great shock. They got over that and there was\nsome grumbling, but nobody . . .\n\nWEINROTH: He was more modern than was expected.\n\nMILLENDER: Yes, he was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not Reform [Judaism]. He was a particular European\nliberal breed. Anyway, he and his wife, his daughter, and grandchild moved to\nthe country. They rented a big sprawling Victorian house on a farm and lived\nthere. He was a very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"impressionable man. He wore formal regalia when he\nconducted services, a long robe and a particular white collar around his neck.\nHe wore a hat with a plume on it to conduct services in Dalton, Georgia. One\nday, my mother comes home. She said, \"You won't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"believe what I saw in the Big\nStar.\" She tells my grandmother, \"The rebbetzin was buying treif meat. I saw her\nput it in the shopping cart.\"\n\nWEINROTH: Did word spread about that?\n\nMILLENDER: Yes. Of course, some people didn't care. Some people thought it was\nfunny. My grandmother had a great sense of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"humor. She took a condescending\napproach to it. She said, \"This is what they are.\" She called them in Yiddish a\n\u003cunintelligible\u003e. She always looked at it as a joke. He was the rabbi, but on\nthe other hand . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"she didn't have as much respect for him. She had respect\nfor his learning, but she didn't have the other kind for him. She took things .\n. . it was a joke.\n\nWEINROTH: But he maintained his image for the most part?\n\nMILLENDER: Oh surely. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was a good man. He went on to Washington, DC, and had a\ncongregation there.\n\nWEINROTH: How was he regarded by the rest of the community outside . . .?\n\nMILLENDER: I was too young to really make a judgment call on that. The rabbi\nthat succeeded him was the one that was most impressionable. That was Rabbi Max\nZucker, who came ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in 1953. If I'm not mistaken, 1952 or 1953. He was from New\nYork. He was only 26 years old. It was his first job. He was tall and blonde\nhair and blue eyed. He had a nice wife and a child. He was strictly Orthodox. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He\ntook reign at the synagogue and created energy there and trained the children\nwith some assistance and even established a choir that sang there on the\nholidays. He was strictly Orthodox in all respects. I guess ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"today it would be\ncalled modern Orthodox. He was clean shaven and always smartly dressed. The\nservices remained completely Conservative in the style of the serve with\nresponsive English readings, but his personal observance was 100 percent ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in\northodoxy. That's the way everyone felt comfortable about it. He was able to\nmeld orthodoxy with the conservative elements and create something that the\npeople felt very comfortable.\n\nWEINROTH: How long was he the rabbi in Dalton?\n\nMILLENDER: Nine years. He was very well received in the non-Jewish community and\ngave sermons ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the churches some. He was invited to civic clubs to speak. He\nwas quite a charismatic man. He had a great influence on the children who were\neducated under him and bar mitzvahed. There was another lady who come down on\nthe bus from Chattanooga to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"teach Hebrew as his assistant, Mrs. Rosalind\nEdelstein, who lives here now. She assisted him and a couple of other mothers\nwho worked with the educational program. We attended schooling. I believe it was\ntwo days a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"week. Then we went on Sunday.\n\nWEINROTH: As you grew older, Ivan, how would you best describe your life in Dalton?\n\nMILLENDER: It was very pleasant as far as relationships in the community. It was\na different world. My children don't understand when I tell them ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"certain things\nlike I started piano studies at a very early age, six. I took from the typical\ndowager southern lady, who was probably 70. We went after school to the big\nVictorian house, went into the parlor and took lessons. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Her home was on the\nNational Register of Historic places because General Sherman had encamped there\nin the winter of the Atlanta Campaign. I tell my children that Mrs. McGee would\ntake the top four students every year, and we had to play a recital of the\nspring meeting of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UDC. They would say, \"What is the UDC?\" I would say, \"That\nwas the United Daughters of the Confederacy that held their meeting in this big\nmansion that was owned by one of the families with the punchbowl on the lace\ntablecloth in the dining room. We would be pulled in one at a time to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"perform\nfor these grand dames of high society.\n\nWEINROTH: No doubt they were very impressed.\n\nMILLENDER: I guess they were. Anyway, it was interesting. My dad played violin\nand played some on Sunday morning for the Presbyterian church back in the 1930s\nand 1940s when they needed a violinist to play something. There was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a congenial\nrelationship between the Jews. There was no social. I cannot remember any\nnon-Jewish person ever sitting in our dining room. There were some non-Jewish\npeople in our house. They might have been served coffee and cookies in the\nliving room, but they were never invited to a sit-down dinner in the dining ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"room\nnor were my parents ever invited to eat with them. That's just the way it was.\nSpeaking about the eating, my parents maintained a strictly kosher home from the\nday they went to Dalton until their ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"demise. I don't understand how they were\nable to do it in the early days because they had no freezer. The only frozen\nfacility was that little box that held two ice cube trays at the top of the\nrefrigerator and the small space above it for frozen meats. The ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"meat came early\non from Chattanooga. After that, they switched and got all of their meats from\nAtlanta. My dad would either pick it up in the car on dry ice when he had to\ncome on business or else it was sent in on the Greyhound Bus. You would have to\ncall down to the bus station every time a bus came from Atlanta to make ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sure it\ndidn't sit there all day and the ice melt. That's the way they maintained the\nhouse. As far as I can remember, there was never a shortage of anything. It was\na different era. Everything in life was structured. You knew on certain days of\nthe week that you ate certain foods. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that is the discipline of the\nrhythm of that food preparation enabled them to function. I remember, it was\nprobably Wednesdays, was milchig. We drank buttermilk. I remember that, in\nparticular. There was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no m eat served on Wednesdays. Friday night, I never knew\nthat Jews ate chicken or meat on Friday night. We always had baked fish. Every\nFriday night was Shabbot, or Shabbos. There was a linen tablecloth and napkins\nand challah. My ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"father religiously said kiddush every Friday night. That's the\nway it was. There was no exception. Saturday, we ate cold cuts. I didn't ever\nknow of cholent until I moved away and I heard people talking about it. It was\ninteresting. You assimilate in other cultural ways. We always ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had fried chicken\non Sunday. That was something that was done in the general community as an\nafter-church palate. We always had fried chicken on Sundays. I think everything\nin life was structured. The day the sheets came off the beds. The maids cleaned\nup certain rooms in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"house from top to bottom. It was one day each week set\naside for each room when it had to be completely torn apart and the linens and\npillowcases put outside and all of that. I think housekeeping was part of your\nreligion of all this activity that went on with regard to the house.\n\nWEINROTH: I didn't ask you about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"brothers and sisters.\n\nMILLENDER: I have none.\n\nWEINROTH: Did you ever think of about being in a larger city? Did you feel you\nlost out?\n\nMILLENDER: Yes, I did. That was often the thought that I had. Why do we have to\nlive here? My mother always referred to Dalton as living in the country even\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"though she lived there for 50 years. In later years when I was living here and\nhad little children, I tried to convince my parents to move here, and they\nwouldn't do it. My dad said, \"Now I'm a lifelong member of the club. I can play\ngolf ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anytime I want to. I can go out there on ten minutes notice. If I want to\nplay three holes, I can play three holes. I would not be able to do that and\nmaintain that leisurely lifestyle in Atlanta.\" My mother said, \"I wouldn't drive\nin Atlanta. Life here for us in older age is much better than it would be for us\nin Atlanta.\" They ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had contemporaries that were their friends. They could drive\nto Chattanooga. My wife's family lives there. Early on, my parents had a\ncongenial relationship with my in-laws. With the highway, they could drive up\nthere in 30 minutes and go to a show. They could go to eat with them or do\nwhatever. Life was better. Now ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I'm older, I can understand their\nperspective. They would not be happy moving back to a big city.\n\nWEINROTH: Even though your mother referred to living in the country, Dalton, did\nshe mean that in a negative way or was that just the way she felt? It was not\nthe big city, so it was the country.\n\nMILLENDER: It was living . . . I think it was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"positive and negative. She had her\nroutine there, and she had her friends. She had the same beauty parlor\nappointment for 40 years. She was a lady of certain aloofness. She had a certain\nrefinement about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"herself. She had great pride in her appearance and what she\nconceived as her appearance to others. She would never go out of the house\nwithout being perfectly dressed, if I may digress.\n\nWEINROTH: Yes, please.\n\nMILLENDER: I remember I was in the 5th or 6th ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grade and one cold February\nmorning, there was another Jewish lady in town that will remain nameless, drove\ncarpool. The car broke down in front of the schoolhouse. She had to come in in\nher bathrobe to the principal's office to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"call the wrecker to come see about the\ncar. I went home that afternoon. I told my mother. I said, \"I really feel sorry\nfor Mrs. So and So. She had to go into the schoolhouse in front of all those\nchildren in her long bathrobe.\" My mother said, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"See? I would never embarrass\nyou. I have a reputation to uphold, and I would never go out in public without\nbeing dressed and presentable because I wouldn't want to embarrass you.\" You\nsee, she's making this great sacrifice to preserve the image of the family.\n\nWEINROTH: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sure.\n\nMILLENDER: I told a friend of mine from Fitzgerald [Georgia], the Kaminski's,\nwho were friends of ours. We were remarking about how the social class\ndistinction was so strong in the South, even in that period, among even our\nparents who considered ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"themselves modern thinking. It was very important of who\nyou associated with. I'm talking about gentiles. And that you should cultivate\nfriends of the upper crust because the Jews should associate with that type of\ngoy. There were two funeral homes in Dalton. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One was for the blue collar and one\nwas for the upper crust. Of course, the temple used the better one. With the\ngoyim, the funeral home your family used was a very important social statement.\nMy grandmother, mother, and the maid would play a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"game. Sometimes they would\nlisten to the local news. At 11:30 a.m. in the morning before dinner, which was\nat 12 o'clock. The highlight of the program was the obituaries. Who has died.\nThey would play a game as to which funeral home had the body. There would be\nthis announcement. So and so died. He is survived by this one and that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one, and\nthe funeral will be held at the certain-certain cemetery. The last thing that\nwas said was who was in charge. The Love Funeral Home in Dalton was the one that\nwas used by the upper crust. The other one, Kenemer Brothers, was used by the\nones that worked for the upper crust. I was home sick one morning and I heard\nthis ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"conversation going on over the radio announcement. My mother said to the\nmaid, \"Catherine, I believe that's Loves.\" She said, \"No, they ain't made it\nthere yet.\" Because the blacks knew more about the whites than the whites knew\nabout themselves. The black maids pushed all the baby carriages in the\nafternoons because ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"southern women didn't push the baby carriages like their New\nYork counterparts. There was one corner about a block from our house where there\nwas a rock wall that went around the corner. It was the perfect height to sit\non. The maids would all congregate on that corner and put their foot on the baby\ncarriage and keep it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rocking so that they could sit there and smoke and gossip.\nThat corner was known as Western Union corner. It was a stratified society. When\nI look back and I look at kindergarten pictures, it was very important that you\nwent to the proper one. There was a very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"socially prominent family that had an\nantebellum house. The woman had a kindergarten. It was in the special house in\nthe back yard. We attended that kindergarten. These things were ingrained in\nyou, that there was a pecking order. I knew that the children who lived in the\nhouses behind ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"us were not up to our status. We lived on the main street, and\nthey lived in the back even though I played with them. I'm talking about white\nchildren. This was ingrained in you. I mean, I don't think Jews were any\ndifferent than non-Jews with regard to this heightened consciousness of class,\nof ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"social standing. I think the Jews were more liberal in a certain regard, but\nI also remember that my mother really did not tolerate non-Jewish children in\nthe house. She just was not too comfortable with that. I remember one came home\nto ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"play who was from the other side of town. His parents were very, very modest,\nand this child was very bright. We were playing outside, and he came in to use\nthe bathroom. After he left, I was told that no uncertain terms, \"If your\nfriends come over and if he comes over ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and if he has to use the bathroom, he has\nto go in the bushes.\" She did not want certain people in the house. I think that\nwas a product of the era. That is just the way it was.\n\nWEINROTH: You touched upon assimilating in Dalton, the need in some way to\nassimilate. You also ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"touched upon black help in your home. Was there a dilemma\nin the 1950s and 1960s when the emerging civil rights struggle came? How did\nthat affect you and your family in a small southern town?\n\nMILLENDER: Dalton was an exception somewhat in the fact that the black component\nwas only five ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"percent. I think I'm a little too old to have felt any changes\nbecause I went off to a boarding school in 1956 in the 11th grade. The Baylor\nSchool was segregated even to the point that it was forbidden for bands to come\nfor parties that they had for the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"students that had blacks in the band. The\nschools in Dalton did not integrate until after I had gone through there. From\nwhat I can gather, it was a non-event. There were a lot of, what I call, highly\ncultivated people in Dalton who were liberal ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the extent of being extremely\npractical and understood the nature of changing times, even those ladies from\nthe UDC. There were no problems encountered in that transition. There was never\nany civil disturbance or any crisis, from what I can gather, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of confrontation of\nany kind. I believe that the black school was simply closed down one year, and\nthose children went white schools. Then that black school was transformed the\nnext year into a middle school. Every one of the middle ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years went to that\nschool. It was formerly a black school. It became an integrated middle school\nfor the city. From what I can gather, things were extremely quiet. Dalton had a\nhistory of being quiet because at the time of the Leo Frank case, there were\nsome Jews from Atlanta that took refuge there. They went there and stayed for a\nwhile because of fear of what was taking place in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta. My good friend Roslyn\nMarcus Spector told me that some members of her family went to Dalton during\nthat period.\n\nWEINROTH: You don't remember incidences involving movie theaters or any kind of\nstores that . . .\n\nMILLENDER: No. There was never that issue. The movie theater, from I can\nremember, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"integrated one day. It was a non-event. There might have been things\nthat took place behind the scenes that I don't know about because I was young. I\nnever remember my father making any comment about anything. My parents owned\nsome commercial ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"property in Dalton. One building had a restaurant in it that was\nthe most popular restaurant in the city that had been there from the 1940s\nthrough the 1980s. There was never any confrontation of any kind that took place\nin that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"restaurant. I would have known about that because my dad in later years\nowned a business office upstairs over the restaurant. He was in that restaurant\nevery day. He would have known and would have come home and discussed it with my\nmother. There were never any problems. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There just weren't. It might be, one\nreason, number one, you had a small black community. Number two, most of those\nblacks were fortunate in that there was always a shortage of people to fill the\nfactory jobs. Some of those black people ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"never had a problem getting a decent\njob. They worked in these places. Things of that nature in Dalton were extremely placid.\n\nWEINROTH: Let's fast forward to Dalton in the twentieth century. How do you\nperceive Dalton today?\n\nMILLENDER: I don't go up there. I don't have anyone ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there anymore. I have some\nolder people who I think of in a fondness, and I try to find out how things are\ngoing. The community has shrunk. It's not what it was. They still struggle to\nmaintain the temple. There is a rabbi there. Whether or not it can ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"survive, I\nsort of feel that it probably won't in the long run. I was fortunate, and my\ncontemporaries were fortunate to having been raised there at a time when there\nwas this great Jewish intensity among the Jewish people that lived ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there. In\nretrospect, I believe I had a better Hebrew education than my contemporaries did\nin Atlanta. That might have been because the rabbi was so charismatic and so\nhands on with the youngsters. Just about all of my contemporaries that I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kept up\nwith and most of them here, I know that they maintain a strongly identifiable\nJewish connection. Larry Gold was three years younger than me and raised in\nDalton. His mother taught in the Sunday school. Mother was of a Jewish German\nextraction that was raised in the Temple here in Atlanta. He was president of\nthe AA [Ahavath Achim] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"synagogue and immediate past president for the last two\nyears of the AA, which is quite an accomplishment. Then, there are other Jewish\npeople here in town from Dalton who have a higher-than-average Jewish presence\nin the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"community. That is a real success story especially of the older\ngeneration because Mr. Lorberbaum landed at Ellis Island with seven cents in his\npocket. He and his wife raised seven children. By the 1930s, from what my dad\nsaid, and you would have to verify this, he was the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"distributor for Lady\nPepperell sheets and other related textile products in New York. They had\nachieved quite success, the older generation, working along with the sons. About\nthree members of their family moved to Dalton, Mr. and Mrs. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Wiesen. Ruth Wiesen\nwas a Lorberbaum. Her husband, Bill, went to work when they came down when they\nestablished a textile business in Dalton. They currently live at the\nRenaissance. Her younger brother, Leonard Lorberbaum, and his wife came. There\nwas an older one, Seymour. There was a nephew, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Alan. Alan branched out on his\nown and just recently passed away. His business is Mohawk [Industries] today.\nThese people came. They were educated. They were not, as I say, from the pick-up truck.\n\nWEINROTH: Established.\n\nMILLENDER: The came and had families. It ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"attracted a varying, a plethora of\ndifferent people with different talents, especially artistic talents were\nrequired to do design work. There was one man, in particular. Mr. Stein. I don't\nknow where he was from. He was European. He did quite a bit of artistic design.\nThere was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"famous story that he painted, a large oil painting and gave it to\nthe synagogue, of the story of King Solomon with the two women clamoring over\nthe child. He tells the guard, \"Cut the baby in half.\" One mother is pleading\nand the other one is smirking. That painting, I believe, hangs in the synagogue.\nThen there was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gentleman from Czechoslovakia who survived the war that came\nthere, who was a great machinist and mathematician, Otto Edelstein. His wife\n[Rosalind Inslicht Edelstein] taught Hebrew. He was a genius with regard to\ntextile machinery. Of course, the Czechs were noted for that in Europe,\nespecially in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"textiles. Then you had other people who were greatly charismatic\nin their leadership ability. They kept raising money for the synagogue and\ndifferent things. There was Mr. and Mrs. Nochumson, who moved there from Chicago\nwho became quite prominent. Their son, Howard, lives here. He's retired these\ndays. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was one of the cantors in the synagogue. He was quite charismatic. They\nwere all very talented. Mr. and Mrs. Richman came down from New York. There was\na varied backgrounds in certain respects of people ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that moved there. It was . . .\n\nAUDIENCE MEMBER: That is what is so different about Dalton than any other\nsmaller . . .\n\nMILLENDER: Yes. It was unique in that regard.\n\nWEINROTH: At the height of life in Dalton, how many Jewish families were there?\n\nMILLENDER: I think there were close to 60. I think that was the most that ever .\n. .\n\nWEINROTH: What about now? Would you have any ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"idea?\n\nMILLENDER: I have no idea. I don't believe there is over 25 - 25 or 30 at the most.\n\nWEINROTH: Was there a lot of intermarriage?\n\nMILLENDER: There was some. A lot of the women were converts who became Jewish.\n\nWEINROTH: Gentile women became Jewish?\n\nMILLENDER: Yes. For instance, David ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Stocks' second wife was a convert. She was\nquite devout. The Stocks always maintained kashrut in Dalton. David and his wife\ndid too. She raised her other children as Jews, that she had had from a previous\nmarriage. Yes, there were some that married out, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whose wives converted. As I\nsay, I lost contact because I had been away so long, so I don't have my pulse\non. It was a very highly dedicated community that stuck to its standards. Let me\ntell you how I know that to be fact. For years, they had been no ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish\ncemetery. Time moves on. You were either buried in Atlanta or . . . well, my\nparents were buried in Atlanta because our plots are all here. You either were\nburied in Rome or Chattanooga. So, it was decided that the temple should have\nits own burial ground. There ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a new cemetery being established in Dalton. The\nowner of it lived next door to Mr. and Mrs. Wiesen. An arrangement was made so\nthat Temple Beth El could have its own segregated burial ground with stones.\nThey did not want markers. They wanted stones. It was immediately concluded that\nevery stone had to be exactly the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"same. They settled on a modest sized stone. I\nthink they are all of the same design or close to it to show equality. There was\none particular family that had the loss of a patriarch, and they wanted\nsomething ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grand. They thought they could have it, I guess because of their\nprominence and past contributions and support. The board steadfastly refused to\ncompromise on that issue. Everything there was kept the way it was supposed to\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be. These men were strong in business, and they were strong in their Jewish\nconvictions. I think there was a certain grit to those people that enabled them\nto be successful, but it also carried over to their ideals as to the way people\nshould behave and the way the synagogue should be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"maintained. Basically, if you\nmoved there and you didn't affiliate with the synagogue, you were persona non\ngrada. No one did too much business with you. That was expected. That brings up\none of the most important subjects that I want to put on this tape, and that is\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the concept of Jewish commitment to a community because when you grow up in a\nsmall place, you immediately understand that if you don't put out yourself and\ncontribute, then you might be the one who causes the downfall. It so poignant\nwith regard to making a minyan. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dalton had a tradition that anybody who wanted\nto observe a yahrzeit. If you were a traveling salesman or an out of town, a\nvisitor, or a member or whoever you were, if you wanted to commemorate a\nyahrzeit, there would be a minyan for you no matter what day of the week. There\nwas none of this easy business of going to synagogue ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on Shabbot before yahrzeit\nand commemorating. That was no substitution. If you wanted it during the week,\nyou had it. The rabbi would make a couple of phone calls and say we're going to\nhave a minyan on Wednesday night at 6 o'clock for so and so. If you got the\ncall, you went. Sometimes if my dad ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was . . . if I were in town, in later years,\nand my dad couldn't go or if I were home, he would take me with him to make sure\nthat there was a minyan. It taught all of us that obligation. Those who grow up\nin the city, take all of that for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"granted. It's taken for granted. There will be\na minyan there. It's always a minyan. If they don't do it, they can do it some\nother . . . It's that sense of commitment of hands on. It's something that is\nlost in a big city. People today, if you ask them to make a minyan, they say,\nwe're ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/transcript/35950/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"invited to a cocktail party. I don't want to be late. That is just unheard\nof, Jewishly, because you were obligated to do these things. Modern-day Jews do\nnot teach their children that they have this obligation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=4320.0,4350.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/annotation_set/719","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/annotation_set/719/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Hebrew Orphans’ Home was located at 478 Washington Street in Atlanta, Georgia. The residence facility was open from 1876 to 1930. It was originally called the Hebrew Orphans’ Asylum and was originally an orphanage. In 1901, the name was changed to the Hebrew Orphans’ Home. Its services phased into placing children in foster home care and helping with adoptions instead of an actual orphans' home, during which time it was called the Jewish Family and Children's Bureau (and another variation—Jewish Children's Services). It eventually left the children's institutional care business entirely. In 1988, the organization’s mission changed and it became the Jewish Educational Loan Fund (JELF) with the goal of providing low-interest post-secondary education loans for Jewish students.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/annotation_set/719/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOakland Cemetery is the oldest cemetery and one of the largest green spaces, in Atlanta. Many notable Georgians are buried at Oakland including Margaret Mitchell, author of \u003cem\u003eGone with the Wind\u003c/em\u003e; Joseph Jacobs, owner of the pharmacy where John Pemberton first sold Coca-Cola as a soft drink; Bobby Jones, the only golfer to win the Grand Slam, the United States Amateur, United States Open, British Amateur and the Open Championship in the same year; as well as former Georgia governors and Atlanta mayors.  Oakland is an excellent example of a Victorian-style cemetery and contains numerous monuments and mausoleums that are of great beauty and historical significance. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/annotation_set/719/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eShabbat \u003c/em\u003e[Hebrew] or \u003cem\u003eShabbos \u003c/em\u003e[Yiddish] is the Jewish day of rest and is observed on Saturdays. \u003cem\u003eShabbat \u003c/em\u003eobservance entails refraining from work activities, often with great rigor, and engaging in restful activities to honor the day. \u003cem\u003eShabbat \u003c/em\u003ebegins at sundown on Friday night and is ushered in by lighting candles and reciting a blessing. It is closed the following evening with the recitation of the \u003cem\u003ehavdalah \u003c/em\u003eblessing. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/annotation_set/719/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eShidduch \u003c/em\u003eis a system of matchmaking in which Jewish singles are introduced to each other in Orthodox Jewish communities for the purpose of marriage. A \u003cem\u003eshidduch \u003c/em\u003eoften begins with a recommendation from family members, friends or others who see matchmaking as a \u003cem\u003emitzvah\u003c/em\u003e, or commandment. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/annotation_set/719/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMartin Luther King, Jr. (1929-1968) is best known for his role as a leader in the Civil Rights Movement and the advancement of civil rights using nonviolent civil disobedience based on his Christian beliefs.  A Baptist minister, King became a civil rights activist early in his career.  He led the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott and helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) in 1957, serving as its first president. With the SCLC, King led an unsuccessful struggle against segregation in Albany, Georgia, in 1962, and organized nonviolent protests in Birmingham, Alabama, that attracted national attention following television news coverage of the brutal police response. King also helped to organize the 1963 March on Washington, where he delivered his famous \"I Have a Dream\" speech.  On October 14, 1964, King received the Nobel Peace Prize for combating racial inequality through nonviolence.  In 1965, he and the SCLC helped to organize the Selma to Montgomery marches and the following year, he took the movement north to Chicago to work on segregated housing.  King was assassinated on April 4, 1968 in Memphis, Tennessee. His death was followed by riots in many United States’ cities.  King was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal.  Martin Luther King, Jr. Day was established as a holiday in numerous cities and states beginning in 1971, and as a United States federal holiday in 1986.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/annotation_set/719/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFollowing the assassination of civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr., in 1968, riots broke out across the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/annotation_set/719/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II (abbreviated WWII or WW2) was a global war involving fighting in most of the world and most countries. Most countries fought in the years 1939–1945 but some started fighting in 1937. Most of the world's countries, including all the great powers, fought as part of two military alliances: the Allies and the Axis Powers. World War II was the largest and deadliest conflict in all of history. It involved more countries, cost more money, involved more people, and killed more people than any other war in history. Between 50 to 85 million people died. The majority were civilians. It included massacres, the deliberate genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, starvation, disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons against civilians in history.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/annotation_set/719/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTemple Beth El in Dalton, Georgia, was founded in 1941. On March 9, 1947, the synagogue building was formally dedicated in a public ceremony. The synagogue has been a Conservative congregation since its inception. In 1962, Temple Beth El became affiliated with the United Synagogue of America. In 1950, the temple had its first\u003cem\u003e bar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e, Lewis Millender.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/annotation_set/719/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Harry Hyman Epstein (1903-2003) served as rabbi of Ahavath Achim Synagogue in Atlanta, Georgia from 1928 to 1982, when he became rabbi emeritus. Under Rabbi Epstein, the formerly Orthodox congregation began to shift to Conservative Judaism, and officially joined the United Synagogue of America (now the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism), in 1952.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/annotation_set/719/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTemple Beth El in Dalton, Georgia, was founded in 1941. On March 9, 1947, the synagogue building was formally dedicated in a public ceremony. The synagogue has been a Conservative congregation since its inception. In 1962, Temple Beth El became affiliated with the United Synagogue of America. In 1950, the temple had its first \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e, Lewis Millender.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/annotation_set/719/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: son of commandment] is a rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day. At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes. He is now duty bound to keep the commandments, he puts on \u003cem\u003etefillin\u003c/em\u003e, and may be counted to the \u003cem\u003eminyan \u003c/em\u003equorum for public worship. He celebrates the \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e by being called up to the reading of the \u003cem\u003eTorah \u003c/em\u003ein the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/annotation_set/719/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Ferenc Hevesi (1898-1952) was born in Lugos, Hungary (now Romania). He led the Temple Beth El congregation in Dalton until 1950. His Anglicized his name is Francis. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/annotation_set/719/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKosher/\u003cem\u003eKashrut \u003c/em\u003eis the set of Jewish dietary laws that dictate how food is prepared or served and which kinds of foods or animals can be eaten. Food that may be consumed according to \u003cem\u003ehalakhah \u003c/em\u003e(Jewish law) is termed ‘kosher’ in English. In a kosher kitchen and home, meat and dairy are kept separate, so a separate sets of dishes, cookware, and serving ware are needed. Food that is not in accordance with Jewish law is called ‘\u003cem\u003etreif\u003c/em\u003e.’ \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/annotation_set/719/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eReform Judaism, sometimes also called Liberal Judaism, is a division within Judaism especially in North America and Western Europe. Historically it began in the nineteenth century. In general, the Reform movement maintains that Judaism and Jewish traditions should be modernized and compatible with participation in Western culture.   While the \u003cem\u003eTorah \u003c/em\u003eremains the law, in Reform Judaism women are included (mixed seating,\u003cem\u003e bat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e and women rabbis), music is allowed in the services and most of the service is in English. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/annotation_set/719/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRebbetzin \u003c/em\u003e(Yiddish: רביצין) or \u003cem\u003eRabbanit \u003c/em\u003e(Hebrew: רַבָּנִית) is the title used for the wife of a rabbi. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/annotation_set/719/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFood that is not in accordance with Jewish law such as pork or foods that are not prepared according to kosher law. In colloquial usage, refers to anything that is not legitimate.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/annotation_set/719/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Max Zucker (d.1998) lead congregations for more than 40 years throughout the South.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/annotation_set/719/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the Written \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e and the Oral Law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays and more. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/annotation_set/719/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eConservative refers to a form of Judaism that seeks to preserve Jewish tradition and ritual but has a more flexible approach to the interpretation of the law than Orthodox Judaism.  It attempts to combine a positive attitude toward modern culture, while preserving a commitment to Jewish observance.   They also observe gender equality (mixed seating, women rabbis and \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvahs\u003c/em\u003e). \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/annotation_set/719/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeneral William Tecumseh Sherman (1980-1891), born in Ohio, served a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War (1861-1865).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/annotation_set/719/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Campaign was a series of battles fought in the American Civil War throughout northwest Georgia and the area around Atlanta during the summer of 1864.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/annotation_set/719/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe United Daughters of the Confederacy is an association for female descendants of Confederate Civil War soldiers for the commemoration of these ancestors. The group was founded in 1884. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/annotation_set/719/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMilchig \u003c/em\u003eis a Yiddish word that describes food containing milk or dairy products. According to Jewish dietary laws, \u003cem\u003emilchig \u003c/em\u003efood may not be consumed with or immediately after a meat product. Refers also to items contaminated by dairy products.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/annotation_set/719/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eChallah\u003c/em\u003e is special Jewish braided bread eaten on Sabbath and Jewish holidays. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/annotation_set/719/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eKiddush \u003c/em\u003e[Hebrew: sanctification] is a blessing recited over wine or grape juice to sanctify the Sabbath and Jewish holidays. In many synagogues congregants gather for \u003cem\u003eKiddush \u003c/em\u003ereception after the Friday night or Saturday morning service to recite the blessing over wine or grape juice and have something to eat. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/annotation_set/719/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCholent \u003c/em\u003eis a traditional Jewish stew simmered overnight for 12 hours or more and eaten for lunch on Shabbat. There are variations of the dish, which is standard in both Ashkenazi and Sephardi kitchens. The main ingredients are meat, potatoes, beans, and barley. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/annotation_set/719/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eGoy \u003c/em\u003eis a Yiddish term meaning “people” or “nation.”  In common usage, it designates a non-Jewish or Gentile person. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/annotation_set/719/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil Rights Movement encompasses social movements in the United States whose goal was to end racial segregation and discrimination against black Americans and enforce constitutional voting rights to them. The movement was characterized by major campaigns of civil resistance. Between 1955 and 1968, acts of nonviolent protest and civil disobedience produced crisis situations between activists and government authorities. Noted legislative achievements during this phase of the Civil Rights Movement were passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the Immigration and Nationality Services Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/annotation_set/719/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLeo Max Frank (1884-1915) was a Jewish factory superintendent in Atlanta, Georgia. In 1913, he was accused of raping and murdering one of his employees, a 13-year-old girl named Mary Phagan, whose body was found on the premises of the National Pencil Company. Frank was arrested, tried, convicted and sentenced to death for her murder. The trial was the catalyst for a great outburst of antisemitism led by the populist Tom Watson and the center of powerful class and political interests. Frank was sent to Milledgeville State Penitentiary to await his execution. Governor John M. Slaton, believing there had been a miscarriage of justice, commuted Frank’s sentence to life in prison. This enraged a group of men who styled themselves the “Knights of Mary Phagan.” They drove to the prison, kidnapped Frank from his cell and drove him to Marietta, Georgia where they lynched him. Many years later, the murderer was revealed to be Jim Conley, who had lied in the trial, pinning it on Frank instead. Frank was pardoned on March 11, 1986, although they stopped short of exonerating him.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/annotation_set/719/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Temple, or ‘Hebrew Benevolent Congregation,’ is Atlanta’s oldest Jewish congregation. The cornerstone was laid on the Temple on Garnett Street in 1875.  The dedication was held in 1877 and the Temple was located there until 1902.  The Temple’s next location on Pryor Street was dedicated in 1902. The Temple’s current location in Midtown on Peachtree Street was dedicated in 1931. The main sanctuary is on the National Register of Historic Places. The Reform congregation now totals approximately 1,500 families (2015).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/annotation_set/719/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAhavath Achim Congregation (often referred to as “AA”) was organized in 1886 by Orthodox Jews of Eastern European descent as Congregation Ahawas Achim (Brotherly Love). It is Atlanta’s second oldest Jewish congregation. By 1952, Ahavath Achim joined the Conservative Movement and today it is the largest Conservative congregation in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/annotation_set/719/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEllis Island in New York Harbor was the gateway for millions of immigrants to the United States. It was the nation’s busiest immigrant inspection station from 1892 until 1954. Today it is a museum.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/annotation_set/719/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003eminyan \u003c/em\u003erefers to the quorum of 10 Jewish adults required for certain religious obligations. According to many non-Orthodox streams of Judaism adult females count in the \u003cem\u003eminyan\u003c/em\u003e.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/annotation_set/719/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEach year, mourners light a special \u003cem\u003eyahrzeit \u003c/em\u003e[Hebrew: anniversary] candle and recite the \u003cem\u003eKaddish \u003c/em\u003eto observe the anniversary of the death of a relative. Memorial services for the dead are also held during the High Holy Days and the Festivals. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/annotation_set/719/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe interview ends abruptly here.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=4320.0,4350.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/index/50463","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Millender, Ivan 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Stocks","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gentile Women","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Cemetery","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Converts","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Families","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Temple Beth El","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Wiesen Family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=3886.0,4163.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/index/50463/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Commitment to a Community and Creating a Minyan","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=4163.0,4339.691"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/index/50463/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That brings up one of the most important subjects that I want to put on this tape, and that is the concept of Jewish commitment to a community because when you grow up in a small place, you immediately understand that if you don't put out yourself and\ncontribute, then you might be the one who causes the downfall. It so poignant with regard to making a minyan. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=4163.0,4339.691"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254/index/50463/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Community","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Minyan","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yahrzeit","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/57170/file/131254#t=4163.0,4339.691"}]}]}]}