{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/x639z92n8s/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Hirsch, Etta Raye"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2026-01-27 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Hirsch, Etta Raye (Interviewee)","Cohn, Gail (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther \u0026amp; Herbert Taylor Jewish Oral History Collection"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eEtta Raye Hirsch was interviewed by Gail Cohn on January 27, 2026, in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eEtta Raye Hirsch was born November 9, 1943, in Birmingham, Alabama to Lester and Dora Shapiro Gross. She has one older sister, Elaine. She grew up in Pulaski, Tennessee. Her father was a farmer, and her mother owned a dress shop. She attended Giles County High School and graduated from Vanderbilt University. After college, she moved to Atlanta, Georgia and became a teacher in the DeKalb County School System. She met her husband, Henry Hirsch, in Atlanta. They married in 1966 and had two children, Lisa and David and four grandchildren. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eEtta Raye has been extremely involved in the Atlanta Jewish community. She has served on numerous boards including the Atlanta Women’s Foundation, Jewish Women’s Fund of Atlanta, Jewish HomeLife Communities, Atlanta Scholars Kollel, Temima High School for Girls, The Epstein School, and Congregation Beth Jacob.  After Henry’s death in 2004, she founded the Henry and Etta Raye Hirsch Heritage Foundation, which has provided more than $3 million to organizations in Georgia and other states. She continues to reside in Atlanta, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eThe interview begins with Etta Raye talking about where she was born, her family history, and how her parents came to live in the United States. She discusses her father being a farmer. She spoke of always being aware of philanthropy as her parents did what they could with limited means. She spoke about growing up on the farm and her mother’s dress shop. She talks about her mother’s parents immigrating to the United States and how her father lost many family members in the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eEtta Raye share about growing up Jewish in a small town and some of the other Jewish families in Pulaski, Tennessee. She briefly mentions her sister, who she hasn’t seen in about 20 years. She reflects on celebrating Jewish holidays and occasional antisemitism she faced. She shares about her father’s sister coming to the United States after surviving the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eShe recounts meeting her husband, Henry Hirsch, after she graduated from Vanderbilt University and moving to Atlanta to teach in the Dekalb County School System. Etta Raye spoke about their two children and Henry becoming a successful developer of apartments and housing. She reflects on the family spending time on Lake Lanier over the years, camping and boating. She talks about her four grandchildren and becoming a great-grandmother soon.  \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eEtta Raye reminisces about time with her husband’s parents and how they would sit around the table and speak of various family members, some who she had never met. She recounts a funny anecdote of how her mother-in-law had to reserve a roast for a holiday at her own husband’s butcher shop under a fake name. She reflects on how important family was to them and how they would get together on holidays with her parents as well.  \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eEtta Raye spoke about her philanthropy and how she chooses her causes. She details the boards that she has served on including Congregation Beth Jacob, Atlanta Scholars Kollel, the Jewish Home Foundation, and the Jewish Community Center among others. She discusses her foundation, the Henry and Etta Raye Hirsch Heritage Foundation, and building a kitchen in the Jewish Community Center and how it is used. She talks about supporting an organization called Creating Connected Communities and how Amy Zeide founded it in her youth. She reflects on receiving the Philanthropist of the Year award from the Association of Fundraising Professionals. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eShe discusses how proud she is to see her grandchildren becoming involved with philanthropy in their own ways. She reflects on her legacy and the privilege to do philanthropy. Etta Raye concludes the interview by sharing what she is most proud of including her ability to be involved with philanthropy and her family. She also expressed the hope that she has been a good mother and grandmother.  \u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Hirsch, Etta Raye Gross (b. 1943) (personal name)","Hirsch, Henry (1936-2004) (personal name)","Gross, Lester (1909-2001) (personal name)","Gross, Dora Shapiro (1909-1987) (personal name)","Thorn, Elaine Gross (b. 1939) (personal name)","Shapiro, Etta Katz (1883-1943) (personal name)","Shapiro, Aaron (1878-1950) (personal name)","Hirsch, Tilde David (1906-2010) (personal name)","Hirsch, Milian (1896-1984) (personal name)","Zeide, Amy (b. 1982) (personal name)","Pulaski, Tennessee (geographic term)","Birmingham, Alabama (geographic term)","Lithuania (geographic term)","Hungary (geographic term)","Nashville, Tennessee (geographic term)","Chicago, Illinois (geographic term)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","New York, New York (geographic term)","Tampa, Florida (geographic term)","Lake Lanier (Georgia) (geographic term)","Clarksville, Georgia (geographic term)","Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta (corporate name)","Vanderbilt University (corporate name)","Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta (corporate name)","Emory University School of Law (corporate name)","Congregation Beth Jacob (corporate name)","The Atlanta Scholars Kollel (corporate name)","The William Breman Jewish Home (corporate name)","Jewish Home Foundation (corporate name)","Jewish Family and Career Services (JF\u0026amp;CS) (corporate name)","Temima, The Richard \u0026amp; Jean Katz High School for Girls (corporate name)","The Epstein School (corporate name)","The Henry and Etta Raye Hirsch Heritage Foundation, Inc. (corporate name)","The Association of Fundraising Professionals (corporate name)","Atlanta Jewish Foundation (corporate name)","The Holocaust (named event)","World War II (named event)","Hurricane Helene (named event)","Kosher (topical term)","Pogrom (topical term)","Shechita (topical term)","Shabbat (topical term)","Concentration Camp (topical term)","Passover (topical term)","Bat mitzvah (topical term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eEtta Raye Hirsch was interviewed by Gail Cohn on January 27, 2026, in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEtta Raye Hirsch was born November 9, 1943, in Birmingham, Alabama to Lester and Dora Shapiro Gross. She has one older sister, Elaine. She grew up in Pulaski, Tennessee. Her father was a farmer, and her mother owned a dress shop. She attended Giles County High School and graduated from Vanderbilt University. After college, she moved to Atlanta, Georgia and became a teacher in the DeKalb County School System. She met her husband, Henry Hirsch, in Atlanta. They married in 1966 and had two children, Lisa and David and four grandchildren.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eEtta Raye has been extremely involved in the Atlanta Jewish community. She has served on numerous boards including the Atlanta Women\u0026rsquo;s Foundation, Jewish Women\u0026rsquo;s Fund of Atlanta, Jewish HomeLife Communities, Atlanta Scholars Kollel, Temima High School for Girls, The Epstein School, and Congregation Beth Jacob. \u0026nbsp;After Henry\u0026rsquo;s death in 2004, she founded the Henry and Etta Raye Hirsch Heritage Foundation, which has provided more than $3 million to organizations in Georgia and other states. She continues to reside in Atlanta, Georgia.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe interview begins with Etta Raye talking about where she was born, her family history, and how her parents came to live in the United States. She discusses her father being a farmer. She spoke of always being aware of philanthropy as her parents did what they could with limited means. She spoke about growing up on the farm and her mother\u0026rsquo;s dress shop. She talks about her mother\u0026rsquo;s parents immigrating to the United States and how her father lost many family members in the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eEtta Raye share about growing up Jewish in a small town and some of the other Jewish families in Pulaski, Tennessee. She briefly mentions her sister, who she hasn\u0026rsquo;t seen in about 20 years. She reflects on celebrating Jewish holidays and occasional antisemitism she faced. She shares about her father\u0026rsquo;s sister coming to the United States after surviving the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eShe recounts meeting her husband, Henry Hirsch, after she graduated from Vanderbilt University and moving to Atlanta to teach in the Dekalb County School System. Etta Raye spoke about their two children and Henry becoming a successful developer of apartments and housing. She reflects on the family spending time on Lake Lanier over the years, camping and boating. She talks about her four grandchildren and becoming a great-grandmother soon. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eEtta Raye reminisces about time with her husband\u0026rsquo;s parents and how they would sit around the table and speak of various family members, some who she had never met. She recounts a funny anecdote of how her mother-in-law had to reserve a roast for a holiday at her own husband\u0026rsquo;s butcher shop under a fake name. She reflects on how important family was to them and how they would get together on holidays with her parents as well. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eEtta Raye spoke about her philanthropy and how she chooses her causes. She details the boards that she has served on including Congregation Beth Jacob, Atlanta Scholars Kollel, the Jewish Home Foundation, and the Jewish Community Center among others. She discusses her foundation, the Henry and Etta Raye Hirsch Heritage Foundation, and building a kitchen in the Jewish Community Center and how it is used. She talks about supporting an organization called Creating Connected Communities and how Amy Zeide founded it in her youth. She reflects on receiving the Philanthropist of the Year award from the Association of Fundraising Professionals.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eShe discusses how proud she is to see her grandchildren becoming involved with philanthropy in their own ways. She reflects on her legacy and the privilege to do philanthropy. Etta Raye concludes the interview by sharing what she is most proud of including her ability to be involved with philanthropy and her family. She also expressed the hope that she has been a good mother and grandmother. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/308/297/small/Hirsch_EttaRaye.mp4_1777412780.jpg?1777412785","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Hirsch__Etta_Raye.mp4"]},"duration":2065.77918,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/308/297/small/Hirsch_EttaRaye.mp4_1777412780.jpg?1777412785","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/308/297/original/Hirsch__Etta_Raye.mp4?1777412776","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":2065.77918,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Hirsch, Etta Raye [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e My name is Gail Cohn and I'm here on behalf of the William Breman Museum to conduct an interview to be used for history and the academic pursuit of life and times in Atlanta for the archives in the Jewish Museum. All cell phones are off, correct? Okay. My name is Gail Cohn and today's date is January 27, 2026. I would like to thank Etta Raye Hirsch for participating in the Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Project of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum. Welcome Etta Rae.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=0.0,48.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHIRSCH:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=48.0,49.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e Would you spell your name for the purposes of this interview?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=49.0,54.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHIRSCH:\u003c/strong\u003e E-T-T A, separate word, Raye, R-A-Y-E, Hirsch, H-I-R-S-C-H.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=54.0,63.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you. Would you mind telling us the date and the place that you were born?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=63.0,71.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHIRSCH:\u003c/strong\u003e November 9, 1943. We were living in Pulaski, Tennessee. Actually, my mother went to Birmingham, Alabama to the hospital because she didn't want to go to the little country hospital. But I came home a few days later and lived there until I grew up and left town.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=71.0,94.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e Birmingham is fairly close to Pulaski.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=94.0,97.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHIRSCH:\u003c/strong\u003e It's about a hundred and thirty miles south.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=97.0,100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e What were the names of your parents and your grandparents, if you know that, on both sides?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=100.0,108.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHIRSCH:\u003c/strong\u003e My parents were Lester and Dora Gross. My father's parents were Morris and Hannah Gross. My mother's parents were, I guess she went by her Yiddish or Hebrew name, Etta, that I was named for, and Aaron.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=108.0,135.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e Their last names?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=135.0,137.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHIRSCH:\u003c/strong\u003e Shapiro.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=137.0,141.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e Let's talk a little bit more about your family of origin, your mom and your dad. I know that you are an incredible philanthropist, and if you had role models in that family of origins, would you tell us about that also?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=141.0,158.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHIRSCH:\u003c/strong\u003e My mother was from Lithuania. I'm not real sure where because I think they moved a lot as the pogroms came to their village and the Jews had to leave. She didn't talk about it much, but it seemed like they were very insecure and always sort of moving. My father was from Hungary.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=158.0,187.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e Are you a first-generation American?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=187.0,189.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHIRSCH:\u003c/strong\u003e I am and proud of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=189.0,194.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e You had some role models with your father in particular, I believe. He had a grocery store, correct?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=194.0,201.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHIRSCH:\u003c/strong\u003e No. Oh, I'm sorry, tell me. Oh, I'm sorry, tell me. Oh, I'm sorry, tell me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=201.0,202.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, I'm sorry, tell me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=202.0,202.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHIRSCH:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, I'm sorry, tell me. Oh, I'm sorry, tell me. Oh, I'm sorry, tell me. No. He was a farmer. First, we had a dairy farm and he bottled . . . He did the first pasteurized milk in the state of Tennessee, and he had a truck and he delivered milk. Then he raised pigs, hogs, and we kept kosher in the house and he had a field full of pigs. Then he moved on to beef cattle. But I always knew about philanthropy because we didn't have a lot of money by any means. Daddy was always raising money for Federation in Nashville [Tennessee] or wherever, we didn’t have any of those things in our little town. My mother always, every year, started this box in the closet and when we went to the grocery, she got extra groceries and put it in the box. At Christmas time, some family got the box. I knew from a little girl that it was important.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=202.0,272.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e Tell us a little more about what it was like being raised in a small town in Tennessee and growing up there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=272.0,283.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHIRSCH:\u003c/strong\u003e I thought it was paradise at home on the farm. I loved it all. I milked cows with my daddy and rode on the tractor with him when he bailed hay and just loved every minute of the farm. I had a horse when I was about 12 and I just rode all over the countryside and sometimes built little fires and cooked potatoes in a little iron skillet or something. It was lovely growing up in a small town. It was a little difficult being Jewish because some kids would say nasty things about being Jewish and whatever. They didn't even know what being Jewish was. One lady, my mother had a dress shop, and one lady said to my mother one time, \"You know I can't believe you're Jewish, you're really nice.\" Like we were supposed to be some kind of crazy people or something. Anyway, I thought it was paradise. I just dug in the dirt and dammed up the little river one week and undid it the next week and rode my horse in the creek and I don't know. I just thought it was wonderful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=283.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e When I think about growing up in a small town and you were talking about being on a farm and the things that you did. I also just heard you mention that your mother had a dress shop. Tell me about the dress shop.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=360.0,374.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHIRSCH:\u003c/strong\u003e It was ladies and children. I thought it was magical, too. I arranged things in the window and dressed the mannequins and, I don't know, just hung out and did stuff and talked to people and helped them when I got a little older. It was just a fun place to be. I went to markets with my mother. I went to Chicago [Illinois] one time and it was worse than this. I remember being so cold in that wind. We came to Atlanta [Georgia] and I even did some modeling here when I was in high school. It was kind of fun. I just made fun with everything. It was all good as far as I was concerned.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=374.0,424.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e Was it unusual, because it sounds like your father ran the farm, was it unusual for someone like a woman to have her own dress shop?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=424.0,438.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHIRSCH:\u003c/strong\u003e It probably was. We didn't think much about it then and we didn't, because nobody talked about things like that. If I think now, all the other shop owners really were men I think, or men and maybe a couple. When I think about it, my mother certainly came from very meek and nothing beginnings, and she was a really strong woman. But yet, we didn't talk about it or show off about it or whatever. Now when I look back, I really see she was a tough little lady. Who would think a little lady from Pulaski, Tennessee would get on a bus or whatever we did to go to Chicago or Atlanta or whatever?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=438.0,494.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e Did any of your grandparents end up in the United States?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=494.0,500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHIRSCH:\u003c/strong\u003e My mother's parents did. They came at some time in her life, I want to say she was maybe 10 or 12 or 13 or something like that. She talked about living on a farm in Mississippi. The father seemed to travel back and forth to the United States and Lithuania, I think to do some kind of business, but I'm not sure. Like I say, they kind of were discombobulated a good bit of their lives. My father's parents never came. They and many of his siblings were killed in the Holocaust because the war was really over when Germany invaded Hungary, but the message hadn't gotten there yet, so the soldiers just kept on with their slaughtering. Two of my dad's siblings came to the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=500.0,567.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e But you lost a lot of family in the Holocaust. Etta Ray, I know how important your Judaism is to you, and I recall just a minute ago you said that you kept a kosher home in Pulaski, Tennessee. How did you manage that? I'm assuming that you were, and maybe I'm incorrect, that you might have been the only Jewish family in town.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=567.0,597.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHIRSCH:\u003c/strong\u003e We weren't the only Jewish family. At the time, there were about 13 of us, and there was one girl my age and a guy my sister's age, and some other kids. There was a doctor, they had four children, and some merchants. One was a wholesale grocery store supplier. It was very hard keeping kosher. We had to get our meat from Nashville. Many times, we would drive to Nashville with a crate full of chickens to take to be shechita. Mom and I would get out of the car to go to the department store because we thought we were in the big city. We had chicken feathers hanging out of our hair, but we didn't know it, so we just strutted around like we were looking good. But it was hard, and according to my mother, the butchers . . . sometimes she would open a package of meat and cry because it was all fatty and yucky, and it was a lot of money, and that was a big deal for us. We eventually didn't keep kosher anymore, but we never mixed meat and milk, we just kept it separate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=597.0,676.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e I heard you say just now, you have a sister. Do you have other siblings or the one sister?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=676.0,682.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHIRSCH:\u003c/strong\u003e No, just a sister.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=682.0,683.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e She is?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=683.0,685.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHIRSCH:\u003c/strong\u003e She is in, I'm not sure, maybe New Mexico or somewhere. She moved 20 years ago, and I haven't heard from her since.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=685.0,700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e In talking about the Judaism and living in Pulaski, Tennessee, do you have recollections of synagogue affiliations? Did you have any contact with a rabbi? What about holiday celebrations, special traditions, et cetera?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=700.0,719.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHIRSCH:\u003c/strong\u003e We celebrated holidays and my daddy went to a synagogue in Nashville, but I think I went with him a couple of times. It was really all men that I could tell, and most of them, if not all of them, were Hungarian or Eastern European something. It really wasn't a very inviting environment for kids. Every big holiday we went to Birmingham, where my mother's siblings lived. We always had our holiday with my aunt, and it was fun to see the other cousins, and that was a big deal. I really had no formal Hebrew or any kind of training, other than my daddy talking about the holidays or this or that or Shabbat and what things meant. I felt like, except for I didn't know Hebrew, but I certainly knew that I was Jewish and that we lived a Jewish life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=719.0,787.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e What about socially? What was it like social endeavors in your hometown?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=787.0,795.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHIRSCH:\u003c/strong\u003e I . . . had girlfriends. I had one girlfriend who also had a horse, so she would keep it at our farm sometimes, and that was fun to have somebody to go ride with. I did what every other kid did in high school, I guess. I thought I was accepted except every now and again, like I say, somebody would say, “Oh, dirty Jew. She's a dirty Jew.” That kind of thing. But I didn't dwell on it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=795.0,833.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e Your mama had family in Birmingham, and your dad.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=833.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHIRSCH:\u003c/strong\u003e Had a brother who lived in the town where we were. Then his sister, when she was liberated from the camps, she came to us. I think she weighed sixty pounds and my mother worked and worked to feed her and get her well and strong and healthy. Then she was a young woman, and so she went to New York [New York] because she wanted to meet a man and have a life and whatever, and so she did. She stayed in New York the rest of her life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=840.0,879.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e Let's talk a little bit about your life as a married person. How did you meet your husband and tell us your husband's name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=879.0,888.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHIRSCH:\u003c/strong\u003e I met Henry Hirsch here. I came to Atlanta from Pulaski, well from Nashville. I was at Vanderbilt in school and when I graduated, I was a teacher. I had been interviewed in Nashville by DeKalb County, Georgia because that was one of the top three school systems in the country. It was Miami [Florida], DeKalb County, Georgia, and California. I wasn't going to California, and my sister went to Miami, so G-d forbid I should copy what she did. I came to DeKalb County, Georgia. One Sunday at the Jewish Community Center, they were having a singles thing. Now, back in 1965, a singles thing was a really big deal and to me it sounded awful. I told those girls I was not going, some of the teachers at school, I was not going to some Jewish singles thing at the center. They kept on and on and finally I said, \"Okay.\" I went and my husband-to-be was in charge of the thing. He had just come back from Mexico, and he had long hair and he had long sideburns and I don’t know maybe a mustache or something. I said, \"Who is that weird-looking guy over there?\" They said, \"Henry Hirsch.\" I never met him at the singles thing. Afterwards I went with some people to play bridge, but it happened to be in the apartment complex where he lived. He came in and he was talking and milling around and he asked somebody, \"Who's that girl over there?\" They told him. I went home for Passover and came back and my roommate said, \"Some Henry Hirsch guy called you, here's the number\" and we went out the last night of Passover.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=888.0,1013.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e You and Henry built a wonderful life together. Talk about the life that you built together and your children.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1013.0,1022.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHIRSCH:\u003c/strong\u003e Henry was a really hard worker. We had two children and most evenings during the week he really didn't come home until eight, maybe nine o'clock even and so the kids already had eaten and were ready for bed. Henry, for whatever reason, he was from Tampa, Florida, he loved water and boating. He'd never had a boat in his life. I don't know if he'd even been in many, but we went to Lake Lanier and we would camp on the side of the lake with a baby in a playpen. We had a little runabout boat and then things moved along. Then we got a little houseboat. Then the house boats got bigger and bigger and every weekend we went to the lake. Really that was our family time that we sort of exclusively were together. David, both the kids worked in the business. Lisa when she was probably fifteen or sixteen was picking up trash on the grounds of our apartments and, then David came along and he was involved, so they really had good time with Henry then, too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1022.0,1114.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e Tell us the business.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1114.0,1116.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHIRSCH:\u003c/strong\u003e The business was apartments, multi-family housing. Henry started with another fellow building one complex off of Buford Highway. It just progressed and then he and the friend went their separate ways, they stayed friends. Then Henry just did his thing. Apartments were his thing and he knew he had a plan and he did it well. He started out with himself and then he got a secretary and it just went on and on from there and it's still going.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1116.0,1160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e You have grandchildren. Tell us about your grandchildren.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1160.0,1164.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHIRSCH:\u003c/strong\u003e I have four delicious grandchildren. Two live in New York, one is, Lisa's two live in New York. That's Dori and Max. Dori is married now a year and is going to make me a great-grandmother in July.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1164.0,1185.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e Mazel tov.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1185.0,1186.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHIRSCH:\u003c/strong\u003e We're very excited about that. Max, I think, has a serious girlfriend. He's not too fast to pull the trigger, he says, but I think it may be the one. He's in New York also, he's an attorney, graduated from Emory Law.  Then I have two here, basically here, that's my son David's kids, two boys. One is a fly-fishing guide and he lives in Clarksville, Georgia on a beautiful farm with a river that goes through it. He fishes and just does all kinds of exciting things. The younger one, Henry, has just graduated high school and we're waiting on him to find his way, I guess.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1186.0,1241.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e The one that's a fly fisherman, what is his name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1241.0,1245.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHIRSCH:\u003c/strong\u003e His name is Lewis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1245.0,1247.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e We talked at array about your influences and learning about the past and you mentioned that Henry's parents often told stories around the table. Could you elaborate a little on that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1247.0,1263.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHIRSCH:\u003c/strong\u003e That just, I don't know, maybe it was what you did at the time, or maybe I just was in a beautiful family, but they talked a lot about family members. They came from Germany and talked a whole lot about members of the family I never even met. Mom had picture albums after picture albums. Everyone in the Jewish, not Jewish, German fashion, was marked the date and where and who and in a book, not in a box like at my house. Anyway, but we talked about these people and who they were and what they did. “Grandpa liked to eat the chicken leg” or the this or something, something and a little real just a funny little thing. My father-in-law, really before I came into the family, was a kosher butcher in Tampa. He was the only one and I guess they were very busy. It was before some holiday and he said, \"Mrs. Schwartz has reserved this rib roast but she hasn't picked it up\" and so finally my mother-in-law said, \"It's our roast, because if I hadn’t reserved it in someone else’s name, you would never have gotten it for me.\" That's how they got the roast. Family was very important to them, and it was really nice because on holidays, my parents came from Tennessee, and we all went to Tampa for the holiday. Then later we all did it here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1263.0,1373.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e It sounds wonderful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1373.0,1374.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHIRSCH:\u003c/strong\u003e It was. A lot of work when it came to Atlanta.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1374.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm sure. Let's talk about you. I know that you've had a lot of boards of interest and you have a lot of good work that you do through your foundation. You've served on several boards. Can you name a few and tell why you chose to serve?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1380.0,1406.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHIRSCH:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't serve on a board if I don't believe in the organization. I try to be, and I hopefully have gotten the message to my children, to be an educated philanthropist. It's one thing to write a check and so what. But to know the organization, know what they do, how they do, if they're doing a good job. That's where you want to put your money and your time and your talent. If I'm on a board for an organization, I believe in them, I support what they do, and I feel like I know enough about them that I know they're doing a good job and doing what they're supposed to do with the funds.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1406.0,1454.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e I have an extensive list of some of your boards, but can you tell us what some of those boards are that you served on?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1454.0,1464.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHIRSCH:\u003c/strong\u003e I served in the . . . many years ago on the board at Beth Jacob Synagogue. I was on the Board of Kollel. I'm now on the board at the Jewish Community Center. I was on the Board of the Jewish Home, now I'm on the Board of the Jewish Home Foundation. I was on The Board of Jewish Family and Career Services. I guess that's . . . Temima High School for Girls. Did I leave out any?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1464.0,1503.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e The Epstein School.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1503.0,1504.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHIRSCH:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, Epstein, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1504.0,1507.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e You have an Atlanta Jewish Foundation for the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta where you do a lot of good work and I'd like for you to share a little bit about the Henry and Etta Raye Hirsch Culinary Arts School at the JCC [Jewish Community Center].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1507.0,1523.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHIRSCH:\u003c/strong\u003e My sort of passions are gardening and food. We did the kitchen at the Jewish Community Center. Every time I go out there, it's such a pleasure to see they do classes for kids. I really want to talk now to the chef. They do classes for adults, but they're in the evening. Like this time of the year, people my age are telling me, “We don't want to drive out there in the dark\" because they're at 6:30 at night. But it's just incredible. Right now, they're doing a thing on boards for hors d'oeuvres and stuff. Then I think they're doing a sushi and something. But the thing is busy all the time. The kids use the kitchen during the morning. During the summer they use it and it's really a busy place. Even organizations come there. I've gone for some things where we're cooking maybe brownies or cookies or hamantashen or whatever to put in gift packages to give to whomever some organization. That kitchen’s used and I'm very happy that it's really going strong.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1523.0,1613.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e You are also a longtime supporter of Creating Connected Communities. What is that and what drew you to that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1613.0,1622.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHIRSCH:\u003c/strong\u003e That is the most incredible little organization. One young lady, you want me to name her?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1622.0,1631.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e Your interview, my friend.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1631.0,1632.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHIRSCH:\u003c/strong\u003e Amy Zeide was watching television when she was 13 years old and she heard about a charity that had been broken into and all the gifts for Christmas were taken that were to go to children. She said, \"Oh my goodness,\" to her mother, \"That's awful.\" Her mother said, \"What do you want to do about it?\" She had just been bat mitzvah and she took her bat mitzvah money, and she replaced the gifts for that organization. To this day, 30 years later, she still has Amy's party. It's a big Christmas thing and they have all kind of face painting and clowns and dancing and singing and the gifts and whatever. But the part that really interests me, because I feel that holidays are great, but then there's the day after and the bills have to be paid and so forth and so on. She takes a group of high school kids and they do philanthropy work. They do all kinds of things to learn skills to be leaders in the community.  It's incredible the money these kids have raised just amongst their own friends and whatever. She's training them to know what philanthropy is and to be able to raise this money, they're having to ask whomever. They're learning how to ask people for philanthropy, for money, or whatever they can give. I just think that we have such an obligation to help the next generations learn about philanthropy, because in so many homes it's just non-existent, unfortunately.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1632.0,1753.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e It's a wonderful story. You have had a number of honors. One of the ones that stood out as I read about you is that you were the Philanthropist of the Year by the Association of Fundraising Professionals of 2019. I wondered, of the honors that you had, is there any one in particular that stands out to you? Is it that one? Is it another one?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1753.0,1787.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHIRSCH:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't do philanthropy for the honors or have my name somewhere or whatever. That's kind of the last thing. I don't even like it much. They've all been wonderful and all organizations that really mean a lot to me and that I really am passionate about hoping that they will do well and continue to do well because they're doing good stuff, either for students or elder folks or whomever, but all things that really need to happen and make me happy that they're happening.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1787.0,1834.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e Etta Raye, I know you've been recognized as a community matriarch by the Atlanta Jewish Foundation. Any advice or motivations that will stand out for your involvement of service and philanthropy?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1834.0,1852.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHIRSCH:\u003c/strong\u003e It makes me really happy thus far to see that my grandchildren are getting involved and doing things. I started donor-advised funds for all four of them. [I] just put a little money in there and said, \"Okay, you do what you think is important.\" Some of them have used it. Not everybody, but like my grandson, Lewis, when the hurricane hit North Carolina . . . because he fishes up there a lot. He . . . went to Costco and he bought all kinds of supplies he thought they needed. He found someone who had a big enough trailer, he found someone else who had big enough truck to haul the trailer, and he got that stuff up there within two days. What else can I ask for? They're involved and they're continuing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1852.0,1913.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e You really have instilled wonderful values in your children and your grandchildren and what would you like for people to remember about your history or your life or your legacy?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1913.0,1928.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHIRSCH:\u003c/strong\u003e I guess I would hope that maybe I've taught them something and that maybe they will know that it's our obligation and privilege to be able to repair and heal our community, Israel, wherever help is needed. It's so important that we know it's our job, our obligation, and our privilege to do philanthropy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1928.0,1976.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e You may have already addressed this, but I want to make sure that I give you this opportunity. What are some of the things that you were the most proud of in your life?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1976.0,1990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHIRSCH:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, my goodness. I'm proud that I have been able to be involved in philanthropy and give of time or talent or money. I'm proud of my children and grandchildren and the new one, please G-d, that we will have soon. I told my granddaughter the other day, I said, \"I have a name for the baby.\" She's like \"What? \" I said, “We'll call it Ittle. It'll be a boy or it'll be a girl.” because they don't want to find out, which is kind of sweet. I just want to hope I've done a good job at being a mom and a grandmom, and that'll be good.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1990.0,2041.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm sure that you have. The last question that I would like to conclude with is just to check in with you to see if there's anything else you'd like to add, any other details you'd like to share.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=2041.0,2057.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHIRSCH:\u003c/strong\u003e I think we've said it all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=2057.0,2060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you so much, Etta Raye, for this wonderful interview.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=2060.0,2063.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/transcript/93334/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHIRSCH:\u003c/strong\u003e You're very welcome.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=2063.0,2064.5"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGail Cohn (b. 1943) is an active member of the Atlanta Jewish community and President of her company LeaderShape Consultants. She earned her Bachelor of Science degree in Education from the University of Georgia in 1965 and her Master of Science in Human Resource Management from National Louis University in 1995. Gail was very involved in the civil rights movement and worked to desegregate high schools in Columbus, Georgia. She has served the community in a variety of roles, including as a corporate trainer for Blue Cross Blue Shield of Georgia, teaching workshops at DeKalb Technical Institute, Chattahoochee Valley Community College, and Columbus State University. Gail has also worked with the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta, the Anti-Defamation League, and she was involved with JFGA’s Young Leadership Council.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=0.0,48.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum in Atlanta celebrates and commemorates Jewish history, culture, and art through events and museum spaces. The Breman also contains the Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History, which houses thousands of manuscripts, oral histories, and photograph collections, related to southern Jewish history and the Holocaust. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=0.0,48.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePulaski is a city and county seat of Giles County, Tennessee. It is located in the central-southern border of the state. The city was incorporated in 1809 and is named for Casmir Pulaski, a Polish-born Patriot general during the American Revolutionary War.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=71.0,94.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBirmingham is located in the north central part of the southern state of Alabama. It is the county seat of Jefferson county and the most populous city in the state. During the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s, the city received national and international attention. In 1963, local civil right activist Fred Shuttlesworth asked Martin Luther King Jr. and the Southern Christian Conference to come to the city to help end segregation. Their effort was known as Project C (Confrontation) and specifically attacked the Jim Crow systems that existed in the city. The sit-ins and mass marches were organized and lead to 3,000 arrests, but eventually lead to desegregation in the city and helped with the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Dr. King was among those arrested and jailed. During his time in jail, he wrote his famous Letter from Birmingham Jail. Birmingham was also the site of the 16\u003c/span\u003e\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e Street Baptist Church bombing in 1963, which killed four young black girls.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=71.0,94.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLester Gross (1909-2001) was born in Hungary and immigrated to the United States in 1933. He settled in Pulaski, Tennessee, where he was a farmer. He held degrees from the University of Hungary and the University of Tennessee. He was a member of Sherith Israel Synagogue in Nashville, Tennessee and Congregation Beth Jacob in Atlanta. In 1937, he married Dora Shapiro and they had two daughters, Elaine Gross Thorn and Etta Raye Gross Hirsch. He is buried at Crest Lawn Memorial Park in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=108.0,135.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAaron Shapiro (1878-1950) was born in Utzan, Lithuania and immigrated to the United States in 1920 with his wife and children. He settled in Birmingham, Alabama where he worked as a junk dealer. He had married his wife, Etta in 1902 and they had five children. He was a member of Temple Emanu-El Knesseth Israel Synagogue and B’nai B’rith. He was the grandfather of Etta Raye Gross Hirsch.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=108.0,135.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDora Shapiro Gross (1909-1987) was born in Oneka, Russia and immigrated to the United States with her family. In 1937, she married Lester Gross and they had two daughters, Elaine Gross Thorn and Etta Raye Gross Hirsch. She and Lester lived in Pulaski, Tennessee and she operated a dress store for a number of years. She is buried at Crest Lawn Memorial Park in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=108.0,135.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEtta Katz Shapiro (1883-1943) was born in Lithuania and immigrated to the United States in 1920 with her husband and children. They settled in Birmingham, Alabama. She had married Aaron Shapiro in 1902 and they had five children. She was the grandfather of Etta Raye Gross Hirsch.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=108.0,135.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYiddish is the common historical language of Ashkenazi Jews from Central and Eastern Europe. It is heavily Germanic based but uses the Hebrew alphabet. The language was spoken or understood as a common tongue for many European Jews up until the middle of the twentieth century. Although the terms “Yiddish” and “Yid” are sometimes used to refer to Jews, Yiddish is a reference to a person's language and not necessarily their ethnicity, religion, or culture.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=108.0,135.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Budapest is the country's capital and largest city, and the dominant cultural and economic center.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=158.0,187.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLithuania is the southernmost of the Baltic States. Lithuania was an independent country from the end of World War I until 1940. During World War II, it was occupied by the Soviet Union and then Nazi Germany. The country was then reoccupied by the Soviets in 1944. Since 1990, Lithuania is again an independent country. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=158.0,187.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePogrom\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e is a Russian word meaning \"to wreak havoc, to demolish violently\" that historically refers to violent attacks on by local non-Jewish populations on Jews. Anti-Jewish pogroms in the Russian Empire were large-scale, targeted, and repeated anti-Jewish rioting that first began in the 19th century. \u003c/span\u003e\u003cem\u003ePogroms\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e began occurring after the Russian Empire acquired territories with large Jewish populations from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Ottoman Empire during 1772–1815.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=158.0,187.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eChristmas is an annual festival, central to Christianity, commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ, observed primarily on December 25 as a religious and cultural celebration among billions of people around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=202.0,272.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eKashrut\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e is a set of dietary laws dealing with the foods that Jews are permitted to eat and how those foods must be prepared according to Jewish law. Food that may be consumed is deemed kosher, from the Ashkenazi pronunciation of the Hebrew term \u003c/span\u003e\u003cem\u003ekashér\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e, meaning \"fit\" (in this context, \"fit for consumption\"). In colloquial English, kosher often means \"legitimate,\" \"acceptable,\" \"permissible,\" \"genuine,\" or \"authentic.\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=202.0,272.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eNashville is the capital city of Tennessee and was founded in 1779. It was named for Francis Nash, a general of the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War. The city is home to Vanderbilt University and the legendary country music venues like the Grand Ole Opry, Ryman Auditorium and the Country Music Hall of Fame.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=202.0,272.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThere are Jewish federations in most major cities. Their function is to fundraise for the Jewish community centrally and disperse it throughout the Jewish community (locally, nationally and internationally) rather than each Jewish institution trying to raise money individually.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=202.0,272.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAtlanta, Georgia is the capital and largest city in the state of Georgia. During the American Civil War, it was a strategically important city for the Confederacy until it was captured in 1864. The city was almost entirely burnt to the ground during General William Sherman’s March to the Sea. After the war, the city rebounded and became a national industrial center.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=374.0,424.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAtlanta, Georgia is the capital and largest city in the state of Georgia. During the American Civil War, it was a strategically important city for the Confederacy until it was captured in 1864. The city was almost entirely burnt to the ground during General William Sherman’s March to the Sea. After the war, the city rebounded and became a national industrial center.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=374.0,424.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Holocaust was the systematic, government-sponsored attempt by the German Nazi government to annihilate the Jews of Europe between 1939 and 1945, which resulted in the deaths of 6,000,000 Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=500.0,567.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II (abbreviated WWII or WW2) was a global war involving fighting in most of the world and most countries. Most countries fought in the years 1939–1945 but some started fighting in 1937. Most of the world's countries, including all the great powers, fought as part of two military alliances: the Allies and the Axis Powers. World War II was the largest and deadliest conflict in all of history. It involved more countries, cost more money, involved more people, and killed more people than any other war in history. Between 50 to 85 million people died. The majority were civilians. It included massacres, the deliberate genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, starvation, disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons against civilians in history.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=500.0,567.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eElaine Gross Thorn (b. 1939) was a native of Pulaski, Tennessee and oldest child of Lester and Dora Shapiro Gross. She graduated from Giles County High School. She lived for a time in Atlanta, Georgia and currently lives in Arizona.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=597.0,676.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eShechita \u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003eis the Hebrew term for ritual slaughter of mammals and birds according to Jewish dietary laws. A religious Jew, a \u003c/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eshochet\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e, who is duly licensed and trained, must kill the animal.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=597.0,676.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eShabbat\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e (Hebrew) or \u003c/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eShabbos/Shabbes\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e (Yiddish) is the Jewish Sabbath and is observed on Saturdays. \u003c/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eShabbat\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e observance entails refraining from work activities and engaging in restful activities to honor the day. \u003c/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eShabbat\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e begins at sundown on Friday night and is ushered in by lighting candles and reciting a blessing. It is closed the following evening with the recitation of the \u003c/span\u003e\u003cem\u003ehavdalah\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e blessing.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=719.0,787.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eNew York City is located in New York state. It is also known by the nicknames the Big Apple or NYC. It is the largest city by population and metropolitan area in the United States. It is made up of five boroughs sitting where the Hudson River meets the Atlantic Ocean. The city was settled in 1624 and in 1664 it was named for the Duke of York, later King James II of England. The city is a global center for everything from finance to arts and fashion to international diplomacy as the home of the United Nations.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=840.0,879.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe term “concentration camp” refers to a camp in which people are detained or confined, usually under harsh conditions and without regard to legal norms of arrest and imprisonment that are acceptable in a constitutional democracy. In Nazi Germany between 1933 and 1945, concentration camps (Konzentrationslager; briefly “KL” or “KZ”) were an integral feature of the regime. The Nazis differentiated between concentration camps, which were used to contain slave laborers and prisoners of the Nazi state, and extermination camps, whose primary purpose was the systematic killing of prisoners. Shortly after coming to power in 1933, the Nazis began to set up a series of concentration camps across Germany. Those were mostly local initiatives: facilities that the SA, SS, and police established on an ad hoc basis, where they would detain and abuse real and imagined enemies of the regime. By 1934, there were over 100 of these early camps in operation. When the Nazi regime came to power, they systematically persecuted both Jewish and non-Jewish Germans perceived to be opponents of the regime. Political opponents (Communists, Social Democrats, liberals) were some of the first victims housed in “temporary” detention centers like Lichtenburg. Jews, homosexuals, Freemasons, Jehovah's Witnesses, clergy who opposed the Nazis, and any others whose behavior—real or perceived—could be interpreted as being in opposition to Nazi political and racial ideologies were also persecuted and incarcerated. The Nazi regime refused to tolerate criticism, dissent, or nonconformity from the German people. Non-Jewish German political activists were treated harshly but other political opponents remained potentially valuable members of the German race. The goal behind their internment in and subsequent release from concentration camps was often a kind of reeducation that would see them fall into line with the regime’s political and racial ideologies. Between 1933 and 1939, tens of thousands of Germans were sentenced by the criminal courts. If authorities were confident of a conviction in court, the prisoner was turned over to the justice system for trial. If the outcome of criminal proceedings were unsatisfactory, the acquitted citizen or the citizen who was sentenced to a suspended sentence would still be taken into “protective detention” and incarcerated in a concentration camp. The first concentration camps were established in 1933. Various authorities set up the makeshift “camps” in empty warehouses, factories, and other locations. Camps were established in Oranienburg, north of Berlin; Esterwegen, near Hamburg; Dachau, northwest of Munich; and Lichtenburg, in Saxony. By the end of July 1933, almost 27,000 people were housed in these camps. Most of the prisoners were political opponents of the Nazi regime. By the end of 1934, most of these early camps were disbanded and replaced by a centrally organized concentration camp system under the exclusive jurisdiction of the SS.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=840.0,879.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHenry Hirsch (1936-2004) was born in Germany and immigrated to the United States with his parents as a young child. He grew up in Tampa, Florida. He graduated from Georgia Tech. In 1969, he founded Engineered Concepts, Inc. which developed, built, and managed multifamily housing throughout the Southeast. He was a member of Congregation Beth Jacob and served on the board of the Jewish Federation of Atlanta. In 1967, he married Etta Raye Gross, and they had two children, Lisa and David and four grandchildren.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=888.0,1013.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eVanderbilt University is a private research university located in Nashville, Tennessee. It was founded in 1873 and named after businessman Cornelius Vanderbilt who provided a $1 million endowment to the school.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=888.0,1013.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDeKalb County is located in the north central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 691,893, making it Georgia's fourth-most populous county. Its county seat is Decatur. DeKalb County is included in the Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA Metropolitan Statistical Area. It contains roughly 10% of the city of Atlanta (the other 90% lies in Fulton County) but is primarily a suburban county.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=888.0,1013.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMiami is a city located in south Florida on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean. It is the second largest city in Florida and the county seat of Miami-Dade County. \u003c/span\u003eIt is a major center and leader in finance, commerce, culture, arts, and international trade.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=888.0,1013.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe Atlanta Jewish Community Center was officially founded in 1910, as the Jewish Educational Alliance. In the late 1940's it evolved into the Atlanta Jewish Community Center and moved to Peachtree Street. It stayed there until 1998, when the building was sold and the center moved to the suburb of Dunwoody. In 2000, it was renamed the “Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta.”\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=888.0,1013.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePesach\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e [Hebrew: Passover] is the celebration of Israel’s liberation from Egyptian bondage. The holiday lasts for eight days. Unleavened bread, \u003c/span\u003e\u003cem\u003ematzo\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e, is eaten in memory of the unleavened bread prepared by the Israelites during their hasty flight from Egypt, when they had not time to wait for the dough to rise. On the first two nights of Passover, the \u003c/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eseder\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e, the central event of the holiday, is celebrated.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=888.0,1013.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTampa is a city in Florida, Hillsborough County. It is the third most populous city in the state. The city was founded as a military center during the 19th century when Fort Brooke was established. It is located on the Gulf Coast and the bay’s port is the largest in the state, making it an important economic asset. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1022.0,1114.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLake Lanier is a large man-made lake (38,000 acres or 59 square miles) in northern Georgia. It was created by the completion of the Buford Dam on the Chattahoochee River in 1956. \u003c/span\u003eIt is also fed by the waters of the Chestatee River.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1022.0,1114.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBuford Highway is a major roadway that connects three metro Atlanta counties. It stretches north from Midtown Atlanta to the Dekalb-Gwinnett County line. The Buford Highway also refers to the community around the roadway (also known as the Buford Highway Corridor and DeKalb International Corridor), which spans along either side of a stretch of Georgia State Route 13 (SR 13) in DeKalb County. Buford Highway is an ethnically diverse, linear community made up of apartment complexes, suburban neighborhoods, and shopping centers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1116.0,1160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMazel tov is a Yiddish and Hebrew phrase used to express congratulations or wish someone good luck.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1185.0,1186.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eEmory University is a private research university in Atlanta, Georgia. Founded in 1836 as \"Emory College\" by the Methodist Episcopal Church and named in honor of Methodist bishop John Emory, Emory is the second-oldest private institution of higher education in Georgia.\u003c/span\u003e The law school was founded in 1916 and was the first law school in Georgia to be granted membership in the American Association of Law Schools.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1186.0,1241.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eClarksville, Georgia is a city and the county seat of Habersham County, Georgia. It is located in northeastern Georgia and was founded in 1821. It was named for John Clark, who was then Georgia’s governor. The city was originally settled by Native Americans and was called Sak-yi, which is the name later used for the Soque River where the city sits.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1186.0,1241.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTilde David Hirsch (1906-2010) was born in Germany and immigrated to the United States in 1937 with her husband, daughter, and son. In 1931, she married Milian Hirsch in Germany. In the United States, they settle in Tampa, Florida where she worked with her husband at their kosher butcher shop. She was a member of Temple David in Tampa. After Milian death, she moved to Atlanta, Georgia and was active at Congregation Beth Jacob. She was the mother of Henry Hirsch.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1263.0,1373.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMilian Hirsch (1896-1984) was born in Germany and immigrated to the United States with his wife, daughter, and son in 1937. In 1931, he had married Tilde David in Germany. After coming to the United States, they settled in Tampa, Florida. Milian operated a kosher butcher shop. He was a member of Temple David in Tampa.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1263.0,1373.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBeth Jacob is an Orthodox synagogue on LaVista Road in Atlanta founded in 1942 by former members of Ahavath Achim who were looking for a more Orthodox congregation. Beth Jacob is now Atlanta’s largest Orthodox congregation. The congregation first met in a rented grocery store on Parkway Drive. It moved to a permanent location on Boulevard when it purchased and renovated a two-story apartment building. In 1956, it converted the Tabernacle Baptist Church on Boulevard to a synagogue. It built its current synagogue building on a five-acre lot on LaVista Road in 1961. Rabbi Joseph Safra was the congregation’s first permanent rabbi in 1951, followed by Rabbi Emanuel Feldman from 1952 to 1991. Rabbi Ilan Feldman has been the congregation’s Senior Rabbi since his father Emanuel’s retirement in 1991. The original founders of Congregation Beth Jacob in Atlanta were 11 men who petitioned for the charter in 1943: Maurice Gavronski, Frank Taffel, M.S. Katz, A. Tenenbaum, E. Miller, Sam Kingloff, R. Shavin, H. Pfeffer, S. Miller, J. Prolotsky, and H. Epstein.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1464.0,1503.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe Atlanta Scholars Kollel is a group of rabbis and families in Georgia dedicated to promoting Jewish identity through Jewish knowledge, particularly studying the \u003c/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eTalmud\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e. The \u003c/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eKollel\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e is open to Reform, Conservative, Orthodox, and unaffiliated Jewish people interested in learning. It was founded in 1987 by Rabbi Menachem Deutsch, Rabbi Ilan Feldman, and Rabbi Yaakov Weinberg at Congregation Beth Jacob.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1464.0,1503.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTemima, The Richard \u0026amp; Jean Katz High School for Girls is a Bais Yaakov school for girls grades nine through 12. Rebbetzin Miriam Feldman was the founding principal.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1464.0,1503.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eJewish Family and Career Services (JF\u0026amp;CS Atlanta) is a group of professionals and volunteers offering programs, and resources for individuals and families of all faiths, cultures and ages. Services include counseling, tools for employment, and support for people with developmental disabilities. JF\u0026amp;CS is a member organization of the Association of Jewish Family \u0026amp; Children's Agencies (AJFCA). JF\u0026amp;CS is a result of the merging of two separate organizations, both of which started as committees of the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta. The first, Jewish Family Services was founded around 1890. The agency became an autonomous organization in 1982. In 1979, Jewish Vocational Services was started. It became independent in 1985. The two agencies merged in 1997 to become JF\u0026amp;CS. The Jewish Family \u0026amp; Career Services of Atlanta hosts a Child Survivor Support Group that meets bi-monthly.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1464.0,1503.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Home Foundation is a non-profit organization in Atlanta, Georgia. It helps to carry out activities that provide financial support for the benefit of the Jewish HomeLife Communities.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1464.0,1503.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe William Breman Jewish Home is a nursing home in Atlanta providing short and long-term dementia, Alzheimer’s, and nursing care. Formerly the Jewish Home, it first opened in 1951 at 260 14th Street, NW, on land that had been donated by real estate developer Ben J. Massell. The Home’s growth called for a larger, updated facility, leading to the construction of a new building at 3150 Howell Mill Road, NW. The second Jewish Home opened on February 16, 1971. In 1991, it was renamed the William Breman Jewish Home to honor and recognize its third president, Bill Breman, as the prime motivator of the modern-day facility.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1464.0,1503.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Epstein School (also known as the Solomon Shechter School of Atlanta) is a private Jewish day school in the Atlanta area located in Sandy Springs. In 1973, Rabbi Harry H. Epstein and the leaders of Ahavath Achim synagogue wanted to create a Conservative Jewish day school. The first campus was housed at the synagogue. In 1987 the school moved to Sandy Springs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1503.0,1504.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta was formally incorporated in 1967 as a merger of three precursor organizations: the Atlanta Federation for Jewish Social Service (founded in 1905), the Atlanta Jewish Welfare Fund (founded in 1936), and the Atlanta Jewish Community Council (founded in 1945). It is a regional branch of the Jewish Federations of North America (JFNA). The Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta raises funds, which are dispersed throughout the Jewish community. Services also include caring for Jews in need locally and around the world, community outreach, leadership development, and educational opportunities.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1507.0,1523.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHenry and Etta Raye Hirsch Culinary Art Studio is a located at the Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta. The full kitchen offers cooking classes and events for adults, teens and youth. It was funded and named for Henry and Etta Raye Hirsch.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1507.0,1523.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Henry and Etta Raye Hirsch Heritage Foundation, Inc. is a private foundation based in Atlanta, GA, with a focus on education, philanthropy, volunteerism, and human services. The foundation was created by Henry and Etta Raye Hirsch in 2004. It has awarded hundreds of grants organizations in Georgia, the District of Columbia, and seven other states. The foundation has been recognized for its philanthropic efforts, including being named Philanthropist of the Year by the Association of Fundraising Professionals.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1507.0,1523.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHamantash \u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e[pl. \u003c/span\u003e\u003cem\u003ehamantashen]\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e is a Yiddish word for a filled triangular cookie or pastry, usually associated with the Jewish holiday of \u003c/span\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurim\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e and Haman, the villain in the \u003c/span\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurim\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e story, who wore a triangular hat. The shape is achieved by folding in the sides of a circular piece of dough with a filing placed in the center.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1523.0,1613.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCreating Connected Communities is an Atlanta nonprofit that was founded in 2010. It is dedicated to supporting children experiencing hardship and empowering teens to become compassionate community leaders. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1613.0,1622.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAmy Zeide (b. 1982) is the Founder and Executive Director of Creating Connected Communities (CCC). She is a native of Atlanta. Amy attended Washington University in St. Louis and has a master’s degree from Georgia State University. She has taught at The Davis Academy and was the Religious School Director at Congregation B’nai Torah. She is a lay leader at the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta. She and her husband, Aaron have three children.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1632.0,1753.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA bat mitzvah [Hebrew: daughter of commandments] is a rite of passage for Jewish girls aged 12 years and one day according to her Hebrew birthday. Many girls have their bat mitzvah around age 13, the same as boys who have their bar mitzvah at that age. The bat mitzvah girl is now duty bound to keep the commandments. Synagogue ceremonies are held for bat mitzvah girls in Reform and Conservative communities, but it has not won the approval of Orthodox rabbis.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1632.0,1753.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Association of Fundraising Professionals was founded in 1960. It was originally known as the National Society of Fund Raisers but was renamed in January 2001. The organization works to support those in the professional fundraising field and to promote high standards of ethics among professionals in the field.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1753.0,1787.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Jewish Foundation is a dedicated organization that focuses on Jewish-centered charitable planning. With over 40 years of experience, it serves as a trusted resource for donors, advisors, and nonprofits. The foundation is deeply connected to the Jewish community in Atlanta, Israel, and worldwide, offering a range of philanthropic services. These include Donor-Advised Funds (DAFs), endowments, and legacy planning, all aligned with Jewish values. The foundation aims to create a secure and vibrant Jewish future, ensuring that the values of generosity and community service are passed down for generations to come. The Atlanta Jewish Foundation honors community matriarchs such as Etta Raye Hirsch.  These women have made significant contributions to the Jewish community, and their legacies continue to inspire others.  The event included discussions about their philanthropic values and family dynamics, as well as the importance of generational giving. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1834.0,1852.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHurricane Helene was a category 4 hurricane. It caused widespread catastrophic damaged and numerous deaths across the Southeastern United States in late September 2024. One of the areas hardest hit by wind and flooding was North Carolina, mainly in the western Appalachian region and caused at least 108 deaths. The storm originally made landfall in the Big Bend region of Florida and traveled over Georgia as a category 2 hurricane and into the Appalachian mountain range as a tropical storm. It dumped recording-breaking amounts of rainfall causing significant damage and flooding to several communities in western North Carolina.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1852.0,1913.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297/annotation_set/2499/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCostco is an American multinational corporation which operates a chain of membership-only big-box warehouse club retail stores. The company was founded in 1983 in Seattle, Washington by James Sinegal and Jeffrey Brotman. As of 2026, the company has 924 locations.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/169644/file/308297#t=1852.0,1913.0"}]}]}]}