{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/x34mk65v09/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Alhadeff, Jake"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1992-03-26 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Audio"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eJake Alhadeff was interviewed by Ray Ann Kremer on March 26, 1992 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eJake Alhadeff was born in 1915 in Atlanta, Georgia, to Estrea Benator Alhadeff and Solomon Alhadeff.  He was the oldest of six children.  His parents came to the United States around 1914.  His father went to Cuba before coming to the United States.  Jake can trace his grandparents to the Isle of Rhodes and Istanbul, Turkey.  The family spoke the Ladino language.  In Atlanta, they had been active members of Congregation Or VeShalom since 1915.  His father was one of the organizers. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJake earned a degree in accounting at the University of Georgia.  After serving in the United States Army during World War II, he continued his education at Command and General Staff College. Jake married Mary Esral in October, 1938.  They had three children, Norman Lewis, Marilyn, and Rochelle; and many grandchildren and great grandchildren.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJake Alhadeff passed away in Maitland, Florida in 2013, at the age of 98.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eJake Alhadeff begins the interview talking about his parents who came to Atlanta around 1914 from the Isle of Rhodes and Turkey.  He reflects how the Sephardic Jews from each of these areas had subtle differences in culture and customs.  Jake talks about the 400-year history of the Sephardim and traces their history to the United States and Atlanta beginning in 1910.  In the interview, Jake names many of the families who first settled in Atlanta and discusses the earliest synagogues in Atlanta.  He talks about the various Sephardic synagogues in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJake talks about his father’s shoe repair business, a skill he learned in Atlanta.  He relates that he grew up speaking the Ladino language at home, but that the language is no longer spoken by younger generations.  Jake recalls Rabbis Joseph Cohen, Tobias Geffen, and Robert Ichay.  He reflects on his bar mitzvah on a Thursday afternoon and remembers returning to school afterward.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJake talks about the schools he attended in Atlanta and the Jewish youth clubs he was involved with.  He talks about the intermarriage of Ashkenazi and Sephardim in the community.  Jake mentions that he served in the United States Army from 1943-1946.   He discusses attending the University of Georgia after he married and attending Command and General Staff College after the war.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJake talks about his wife, Mary Esral, and their marriage in 1938.  He reflects on the wedding ceremony at his family’s home conducted by Rabbis Geffen and Cohen.  He talks about their three children, Norman Lewis, Marilyn Bernstein, and Rochelle Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28333"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Jake Alhadeff (personal name)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","Rabbi Joseph Cohen (personal name)","Rabbi Solomon Robert Ichay (personal name)","Victor Avzaradel (personal name)","Sephardic Jews (topical term)","Ashkenazi Jews (topical term)","Congregation Or VeShalom (corporate name)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eJake Alhadeff was interviewed by Ray Ann Kremer on March 26, 1992 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJake Alhadeff was born in 1915 in Atlanta, Georgia, to Estrea Benator Alhadeff and Solomon Alhadeff.  He was the oldest of six children.  His parents came to the United States around 1914.  His father went to Cuba before coming to the United States.  Jake can trace his grandparents to the Isle of Rhodes and Istanbul, Turkey.  The family spoke the Ladino language.  In Atlanta, they had been active members of Congregation Or VeShalom since 1915.  His father was one of the organizers. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJake earned a degree in accounting at the University of Georgia.  After serving in the United States Army during World War II, he continued his education at Command and General Staff College. Jake married Mary Esral in October, 1938.  They had three children, Norman Lewis, Marilyn, and Rochelle; and many grandchildren and great grandchildren.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJake Alhadeff passed away in Maitland, Florida in 2013, at the age of 98.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJake Alhadeff begins the interview talking about his parents who came to Atlanta around 1914 from the Isle of Rhodes and Turkey.  He reflects how the Sephardic Jews from each of these areas had subtle differences in culture and customs.  Jake talks about the 400-year history of the Sephardim and traces their history to the United States and Atlanta beginning in 1910.  In the interview, Jake names many of the families who first settled in Atlanta and discusses the earliest synagogues in Atlanta.  He talks about the various Sephardic synagogues in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJake talks about his father’s shoe repair business, a skill he learned in Atlanta.  He relates that he grew up speaking the Ladino language at home, but that the language is no longer spoken by younger generations.  Jake recalls Rabbis Joseph Cohen, Tobias Geffen, and Robert Ichay.  He reflects on his bar mitzvah on a Thursday afternoon and remembers returning to school afterward.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJake talks about the schools he attended in Atlanta and the Jewish youth clubs he was involved with.  He talks about the intermarriage of Ashkenazi and Sephardim in the community.  Jake mentions that he served in the United States Army from 1943-1946.   He discusses attending the University of Georgia after he married and attending Command and General Staff College after the war.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJake talks about his wife, Mary Esral, and their marriage in 1938.  He reflects on the wedding ceremony at his family’s home conducted by Rabbis Geffen and Cohen.  He talks about their three children, Norman Lewis, Marilyn Bernstein, and Rochelle Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/098/340/small/Jake_Alhadeff.png?1619533336","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Alhadeff_Jake.mp3"]},"duration":4473.10367,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/098/340/small/Jake_Alhadeff.png?1619533336","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/098/340/original/Alhadeff_Jake.mp3?1610557366","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mp3","duration":4473.10367,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Jake Alhadeff [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KREMER: Today is March 26, 1992. This is Ray Ann Kremer interviewing Jake\nAlhadeff, at his home on Breezy Lane. This is for the Atlanta Oral History\nCollection. It is under the sponsorship of the National Council of Jewish Women,\nthe American Jewish Committee, and the Atlanta Jewish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Federation. I'm going to\nstart out by asking you how far back you can trace your family history and your\nfamily. Did you know your grandparents?\n\nALHADEFF: Yes, I did. We have a family tree which indicates that my grandmother\nwas born in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Turkey. My grandfather was also born in Turkey.\n\nKREMER: Where in Turkey?\n\nALHADEFF: Istanbul.\n\nKREMER: What were your grandparents' names? And if you know your grandmother's\nmaiden name.\n\nALHADEFF: My grandmother's maiden name was Julia Assa. A-S-S-A. My grandfather,\nof course, was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jacob Alhadeff. I was named after my grandfather. He also was\nborn in Istanbul.\n\nKREMER: Did you know of any great-grandparents?\n\nALHADEFF: No, I did not.\n\nKREMER: You can't go back that far. What did your grandfather do in Istanbul?\n\nALHADEFF: That, I don't know. I believe he was a merchant in dry ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"goods in\nIstanbul and in Cuba. He went to Cuba from there before he came to the United States.\n\nKREMER: Do you know why he left?\n\nALHADEFF: Why he left Cuba?\n\nKREMER: No, why he left Turkey?\n\nALHADEFF: No, I do not.\n\nKREMER: Do you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know why he went to Cuba? And was he married then?\n\nALHADEFF: He was married then. He was married in Cuba, at least that is my understanding.\n\nKREMER: Do you know why they picked Cuba to go to?\n\nALHADEFF: No, I do not.\n\nKREMER: But they knew each other in Turkey and they both went to Cuba and\nmarried there?\n\nALHADEFF: I believe they did. Yes.\n\nKREMER: Because I think the population in Istanbul wasn't real large as far as\nJews, was it?\n\nALHADEFF: Yes, it was. You must remember that at the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time Spain threw out all\nthe Jews. Turkey reached out and welcomed them all. Welcomed as many as . . .\nSo, there was quite a number of Jews living in Turkey at the time.\n\nKREMER: What would you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"guess, or have you any idea what the Jewish population in\nIstanbul was at that time?\n\nALHADEFF: I would not know.\n\nKREMER: Were there many Jews leaving Turkey then to go to Cuba?\n\nALHADEFF: I would believe that most of them wanted to leave at that particular\nperiod, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1914 and thereabouts, because of the war because they did not want to do\nmilitary service.\n\nKREMER: So you think that's why your grandparents left?\n\nALHADEFF: I think that's why my grandparents left. Maybe I ought to retract this\nbecause my parents . . . my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"father left there in order to stay out of the\nservice there. He was a young man. He went to Cuba. I think that is where he\nstayed with my grandmother. They had separated, I believe, at that time.\n\nKREMER: Your grandmother was in Cuba and your grandfather was in Turkey?\n\nALHADEFF: I believe that's where he was.\n\nKREMER: Then your father went to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cuba to avoid the draft?\n\nALHADEFF: Right.\n\nKREMER: I see. Your mother went because your father went?\n\nALHADEFF: My mother was not even involved at that time. She was married here in\nthe States. My father came over to this country and went to work. He came in 1914.\n\nKREMER: Wait a minute. How ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"long was he in Cuba?\n\nALHADEFF: He was in Cuba, I guess, several years. He came to this country in\n1913 and married in 1914 in Atlanta. The way he met my mother was when he was\nworking for my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"uncle, Victor Benator. B-E-N-A-T-O-R. My Uncle Victor showed him\na picture of his sister. My father said, \"If you would bring her over to this\ncountry, I will marry her.\" So, He did. She came in 1914, and he married her.\n\nKREMER: She came from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Turkey?\n\nALHADEFF: She came from Rhodes.\n\nKREMER: She was from Rhodes. Right.\n\nALHADEFF: Yes, she came from Rhodes. They formed a union here. I was conceived\nshortly afterwards. I was born in 1915.\n\nKREMER: That's interesting because I have been led to understand that the Rhodes\ngroup ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the group from Turkey had different cultures and different ways of\ndoing things and that they weren't necessarily real well integrated in the early years.\n\nALHADEFF: That's true. There were differences.\n\nKREMER: What were some of the differences?\n\nALHADEFF: Primarily, my understanding was in their attitude that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one was more\nadvanced than the other.\n\nKREMER: Who was more advanced?\n\nALHADEFF: Each one thought they were. It's like rivalry between siblings. You\njust think you know better than I do. There are many ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"aspects of the culture.\nThey were both Sephardim. The Rhodeslis. The Rhodes from Rhodes. The Turkinos.\nThe Rhodes from Turkey.\n\nKREMER: How do you spell that? Those are Ladino words, aren't they?\n\nALHADEFF: I suppose you might say it is, yes.\n\nKREMER: How do you spell Rhodeslis?\n\nALHADEFF: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rhodeslis are those that came from Rhodes. You would say\nR-H-O-D-E-S-L-I-S. Rhodeslis.\n\nKREMER: What is the other word?\n\nALHADEFF: Turkinos. Those from Turkey. T-U-R-K-I-N-O-S.\n\nKREMER: I just wasn't sure.\n\nALHADEFF: Right. As a matter of fact, there is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something here.\n\nKREMER: You've got something there. What is this?\n\nALHADEFF: This is a \"At the turn of the 20th Century, these descendants having\nfound their lives under oppressive Sultans, Emperors, and assorted rulers to be\na constant harassment and persecution, began to leave the lands which they and\ntheir ancestors had known for 400 years and to seek their fortunes in the land\nof the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"free. From cities of Salonika, Bodrum, Istanbul, Smyrna, the Isle of\nRhodes came thousands of immigrants speaking Spanish as their native tongue to\nsettle in the cities of America: New York, Rochester, Seattle, and Atlanta.\"\n\nKREMER: Did your parents come to Atlanta?\n\nALHADEFF: Yes.\n\nKREMER: They didn't go to Montgomery or anything? They came to . . .\n\nALHADEFF: Right. My parents came to Atlanta.\n\nKREMER: Why Atlanta?\n\nALHADEFF: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When they arrived in New York when they came by boat.\n\nKREMER: They came from Cuba.\n\nALHADEFF: Yes, well, my father came from Cuba. I don't know how he arrived in\nNew York, but he came from New York to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta. It says here in 1910, \"Although\nfew in numbers, the original settlers founded not one but two congregations in\n1910. The first Sephardic Jews to settle here were, namely, Victor Avzaradel and\nEzra Touriel in 1906.\"\n\nKREMER: You're talking about here in Atlanta?\n\nALHADEFF: Right.\n\nKREMER: The two congregations were, the one was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Turkish and one Rhodes.\n\nALHADEFF: Right. \"The two congregations, one was Ahavath Shalom.\"\n\nKREMER: How do you spell that?\n\nALHADEFF: Ahavath. A-H-A-V-A-T-H. Shalom. S-H-A-L-O-M. \"consisting principally\nof the Sephardim from the Isle of Rhodes and the Or Hahayim ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"O-R-H-A-H-A-Y-I-M\nwhich consisted of immigrants from the mainland of Turkey. That culture and\nlanguage were the same, and being practical, the two groups merged in 1914 into\na single congregation entitled Oriental Hebrew Association Or Shalom.\" That was\nlater changed to Or VeShalom. They decided to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"form one congregation.\n\nKREMER: Was your family involved in that?\n\nALHADEFF: My father was one of those that came in at that time, so he was\ninvolved. He was on the board of the synagogue Or VeShalom for many years. He\nalso helped Rabbi Cohen later when Rabbi ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cohen came to the city in 1934. He\nassisted him in conducting services at Or VeShalom.\n\nKREMER: Was he a very religious man?\n\nALHADEFF: My father?\n\nKREMER: Yes.\n\nALHADEFF: I think so, yes. He observed all the holidays. He wasn't shomer\nShabbat because he had to work ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Saturdays. Except for that, he closed all\nholidays and was a regular attending services.\n\nKREMER: You said he was a merchant in Cuba.\n\nALHADEFF: No, that was my grandfather. My father was a shoe repairman. He used\nto repair shoes here.\n\nKREMER: He learned that skill here?\n\nALHADEFF: Right.\n\nKREMER: Your father was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"born in Istanbul also?\n\nALHADEFF: Right.\n\nKREMER: How old was he when he went to Cuba again?\n\nALHADEFF: I assume he was a young man about 15 or 16 because he came to this\ncountry in 1913. He was in New York. He came here. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was married at 23. He was\n23 when he was married. That was in 1915, so he must have been about 21 when he\ncame to this country.\n\nKREMER: Did he ever tell you any stories about growing up in Istanbul?\n\nALHADEFF: No, he didn't. If he did, I surely missed it. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It must have been an experience.\n\nKREMER: You don't know any stories about what life was like in Istanbul? Your\ngrandparents didn't talk about it?\n\nALHADEFF: No. My grandparents . . . I didn't have a problem communicating with\nthem in Spanish because I understood. We spoke Spanish at home, or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ladino. My\ngrandfather was a very stern person. You couldn't get close to him. He had the\nnotion that you don't show affection to children while they're awake. They will\ntake advantage of you. I guess ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he must of had a soft heart. But, we didn't dare\ncross him.\n\nKREMER: Did he live with you?\n\nALHADEFF: Yes, he did. He lived with us until he passed away. He lived at my\nfather's house.\n\nKREMER: What about your grandmother? She stayed in Cuba?\n\nALHADEFF: My grandmother came to our house ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before my grandfather did. She stayed\nwith us until she passed away. Towards the end of her life, my grandfather had\ncome and was staying with his other son, my father's brother. My Uncle Isaac. My\nUncle Isaac had about six children. At that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time, there might have been about\nfour or five. As soon as my grandmother passed away, then my grandfather moved\nin. They had separated many years back.\n\nKREMER: Did you have other relatives that came to Atlanta besides your father's brother?\n\nALHADEFF: Yes. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My mother's brother came here. Two brothers, in fact. One is\nIsaac Benator. My mother was a Benator.\n\nKREMER: What was her full name?\n\nALHADEFF: Estreya Benator. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"E-S-T-R-E-Y-A. B-E-N-A-T-O-R.\n\nKREMER: Her other brother, Isaac and who?\n\nALHADEFF: She had a brother Isaac and Victor. My father worked for Victor when\nhe first came to this country.\n\nKREMER: What kind of shop did he have?\n\nALHADEFF: He had a shoe shop. That's where my father learned his trade. When ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he\nsaw my mother's picture, he says, \"Bring her over.\" So, that's how they met.\n\nKREMER: They each had a lot of family here. You have a lot of relatives.\n\nALHADEFF: Oh yes. My uncle had six children. My mother and father had six. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm\none of six. My mother had three brothers. One of them passed away. He was a\nbachelor. She had Isaac, of course, and Victor. They each had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"five or six\nchildren. It was a pretty big family. I have numerous cousins. About 15 years\nago, we heard from someone that was a daughter ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of my mother's sister, who was in\nRhodes at the time. Her name was Rebecca Acco. A-C-C-O. She was left an orphan,\nI believe. She wound up in Egypt and married ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"someone from Egypt. She came to\nthis country and is now living in New York. Her husband passed away about two or\nthree months ago. We've seen her. We've been up to see her and she's been here.\n\nKREMER: Was she in Rhodes through the Second World War?\n\nALHADEFF: She probably ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was.\n\nKREMER: Got out and went to Egypt then? Is that when she went to Egypt?\n\nALHADEFF: She went to Egypt, right.\n\nKREMER: To escape the Nazis?\n\nALHADEFF: I don't know whether that was the time or if she went before, but I\nbelieve it was around that time. She would be about 60 years old, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"60-64. It's\nbeen something. You should really . . .\n\nKREMER: Tell me a little bit about your family. You grew up here.\n\nALHADEFF: Right.\n\nKREMER: Where did you live?\n\nALHADEFF: We lived on Central Avenue. Our ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"synagogue at that time was at Central\nand Woodward Avenue. I don't suppose you're a native of this city. Ahavath Achim\nsynagogue was about two blocks up from ours on Washington Street. Most of the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sephardim, most of the Spanish Jews lived within about a three-mile radius of\nthe synagogue, no more than that, surely. We had about 10 or 12 families on\nPryor Street, about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"10 or 12 families on Central Avenue.\n\nKREMER: Your family, were they close to people who came from Turkey, or did they\nmix in those days with . . . ?\n\nALHADEFF: No, we were all together.\n\nKREMER: All the Sephardim.\n\nALHADEFF: Right. All of the Sephardim, like I say, you could cover the entire\ngroup with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"almost the size of a football field, a little bit larger perhaps.\nWithin two to three miles, you would be able to cover all of the Sephardim that\nlived in the city.\n\nKREMER: Did you just fraternize with each other or not . . . ?\n\nALHADEFF: Right. We went to the same ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"schools. Formwalt Street School was the\nelementary school that we all went to. There was Crew Street School. There were\na few that went to Crew Street School. Most of us all wound up at Hoke Smith\nJunior High. The ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"senior high, some went to Commercial. Some went to Tech.\n\nKREMER: Where did you go?\n\nALHADEFF: I went to Commercial High. Some went to Boys' High. Some went to Tech\nHigh. The girls either went to Commercial High or Girls' High. That was an\nall-girls school. The ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reason for going to Commercial was that very few went to\ncollege from there. They just got the business experience learning there.\nShorthand, bookkeeping. Those that went to Tech High wound up at Georgia Tech or\nsome other technical school.\n\nKREMER: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Were you in clubs? What did you do for fun? What was your social life?\n\nALHADEFF: As far as the clubs, the Sephardics had a LOT Club. Laugh Tomorrow. We\nalso joined clubs at the Alliance with DSI. Devoted Sons of Israel or Young\nJudean clubs. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Various sources. We would play ball with them -- basketball,\nbaseball, or what have you. We participated in their activities. We would go to\nthe Alliance social affairs like they go to the Community Center now. I think\nthat was a forerunner of the Community Center.\n\nKREMER: Who were some of your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"friends? Who were some of the people in your class?\n\nALHADEFF: Those that I was at school with.\n\nKREMER: I'm asking for names.\n\nALHADEFF: There is Morris Benveniste, of blessed memory. B-E-N-V-E-N-I-S-T-E. We\nwent out together. There is Joe Hazan. There are two ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Joe Hazans. One we called\nLittle Joe, and one ww called Big Joe. They're cousins. One Hazan family lived\non Central and Richardson. The other Hazan family lived at Woodward and Central.\nThe boys were about the same age that I was.\n\nKREMER: Is it H-A-Z . . . ?\n\nALHADEFF: H-A-Z-A-N. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was Ralph Touriel, Eli Touriel. They were two\nbrothers that we paled around with. Sam Avzaradel. A-V-Z-A-R-A-D-E-L. Isaac\nPiha. Isaac Benveniste.\n\nKREMER: Did you speak to Spanish to each ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other at all?\n\nALHADEFF: Very little.\n\nKREMER: You just did that at home?\n\nALHADEFF: Right. As far as outside . . . unless we wanted to say something that\nthe other guy couldn't understand.\n\nKREMER: What is the difference between Spanish and Ladino?\n\nALHADEFF: The Spanish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they speak in Cuba or Puerto Rico, they don't have\nthe mixture of the Turkish words that come into play in Ladino. It's a hybrid.\nIt's a mixture.\n\nKREMER: It's a mixture of Spanish and Turkish?\n\nALHADEFF: Yes. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Like, peron is a Turkish word for fork. Don't ask me what it is\nin Spanish because I don't recall. Same thing, we'll say alhad for Sunday.\nSpanish is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Domingo. There are words that are just bastards.\n\nKREMER: Did you teach it to your children?\n\nALHADEFF: No. I wish we had. They really should have learned some of it. When I\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"married Mary, she was not Sephardic. Consequently, all our conversations were in\nEnglish. She doesn't understand. Of course, she picks up a word here and there\nat the synagogue, and she knows what they're talking about. Since we didn't\ncommunicate in that manner, then the children couldn't unless ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they took a language.\n\nKREMER: Tell me a little bit more about what life was like when you were growing\nup. What made the Sephardic community a little different than, say, the Ashkenazi?\n\nALHADEFF: For one thing, I believe we were closer knit. We were so few. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We were\ninclined to do our own thing. We would have our own activities. We would go to\nballgames together. We would have our own teams. We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"participated in our\nactivities in all the social and religious school. I suppose we were just family.\n\nKREMER: You all kind of dated the girls of the group and that sort of thing?\n\nALHADEFF: Right.\n\nKREMER: What happened when you started to date someone else? How did that come about?\n\nALHADEFF: When I met ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mary, I was going to night school to study for examination\nto take a test, a civil service exam. Then I went to a party that they had at\none of the Spanish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"girl's. Then the LOT, the club I belonged to, was going to\nhave a party, some dinner event. I wanted to bring Mary. There was an objection\nbecause the girls felt they were being left out because I was bringing an\n\"outsider.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anyhow, they finally relented and I brought Mary to the dinner. I\nguess that broke the ice. Then others started mixing, going with Ashkenazi girls\nand boys. Now we find that a lot of them in the synagogue crossed over and\nmarried ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ashkenazi.\n\nKREMER: Were you really one of the first ones to get married?\n\nALHADEFF: Yes. One of the first that Rabbi Cohen married. I understand that\nthere was somebody else that married an Ashkenazi. She wasn't married by Rabbi\nCohen. My cousin, Julia Milt, her ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first marriage was to Jack . . . I can't think\nof his last name now. Anyhow, she was married about a year before we were or six\nmonths before. Some other rabbi did it.\n\nKREMER: When were the two of you married?\n\nALHADEFF: Mary and I were married in 1938. October 1938.\n\nKREMER: Were you married at the synagogue?\n\nALHADEFF: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We were married at my parent's home on Parkway Drive. The service was\nconducted by Rabbi Geffen of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shearith Israel and Rabbi Cohen of Or VeShalom.\n\nKREMER: How did they take to the aspect?\n\nALHADEFF: They loved it. We were married on Atzerat Sukkot. After the service\nand all the partying that went on, they had to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"break up and go to synagogue.\n\nKREMER: Did you invite the whole congregation the way they did?\n\nALHADEFF: They were all there. They were all the way outside . . . the wedding\nwas in the living room. People were all over the house and on the porch. I'll\nnever forget, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we went to Daytona Beach on our honeymoon by bus. Greyhound Bus.\nThat was some experience.\n\nKREMER: What as your reception like? What kind of food? Music?\n\nALHADEFF: Spanish delicacies and also some Ashkenzi because Mary's aunts and\ncousins ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"baked. My mother and cousins baked. My aunt baked. There was a lot of food.\n\nKREMER: What were some of the things?\n\nALHADEFF:I couldn't tell you. I don't remember.\n\nKREMER: It was a typical kind of wedding?\n\nALHADEFF: I think so, yes. It was a big affair.\n\nKREMER: Was the ceremony any different? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The combined ceremony?\n\nALHADEFF: As far as the ceremony is concerned, we had the chuppah. The\nSephardics have a custom when they have a wedding to put the prayer shawl over\nthe bride and the groom during a portion of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ceremony. That's the only\ndifference that I could tell you as far as the wedding customs. They go through\nthe same ritual of breaking the glass and passing the rings between one another.\n\nKREMER: You got married. We skipped your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"college. Tell me about that. Your\nfather must have been doing well to send to you Georgia.\n\nALHADEFF: He didn't send me. I went to school after I married. I was working at CCC.\n\nKREMER: You graduated from Commercial.\n\nALHADEFF: Right. In 1933. Then I went to work for the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CCC. Civilian Conservation\nCorps. I was working in a film room, winding, re-winding, checking film and\nsending it to the CCC camps where they had these boys who were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"beautifying\nparks, roads, benches, etc. Doing various and sundry things because there was\nvery little work at that time in 1933. That was at the height of the Depression\nand before World War II. I was working in the office preparing films for\nshipment to go ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out. I went to work for CCC in 1936. I was working for a man\nnamed Sam Corolla. He was selling shoe bindings. I would ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"try to sell items to\nuse for preparing shoes. Rubber heels, soles, and things of that nature. When I\ngot this job with the CCC . . . while I was there, I went to Georgia State and\ntalked ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the president of the school and tried to get a scholarship. He\nsuggested, he said, \"Do you have available a 16 mm camera projector?\" I said,\n\"Yes.\" He said, \"Do you have film? We have sciences classes that we need to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"show\nthis film to these classes. If you will take the projector that you have\navailable and run film for these classes, then I'll give you a scholarship for\nthe tuition, but you will have to buy the books.\" I did ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that. That way, I could\ngo at night. I worked at CCC during the day. I'd go to class three nights a\nweek. I got my degree. At that time, Georgia State was under the University of\nGeorgia. The diplomas had to come ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from Athens. I got my degree that way.\n\nKREMER: Your degree was in . . . ?\n\nALHADEFF: I majored in accounting.\n\nKREMER: I see here on your bio was education Command and General Staff College.\n\nALHADEFF: Right. I went into service. When I got out, I went into the Reserves.\n\nKREMER: Let's get to the service ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first. You were married. You went to college\nwhile you were working. Do you have any children?\n\nALHADEFF: I had Rochelle. Right before I went into the service, I had one.\n\nKREMER: When was that?\n\nALHADEFF: I went in the service in 1943. December 1943. Rochelle was two years\nold. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Marilyn was born July, 1944. My second child was born after I was in the\nservice about seven or eight months. I got out of the service in 1946.\n\nKREMER: Where did you go in the service?\n\nALHADEFF: I was at Fort ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Barrancas. It's in Florida. I went to Fort Pickens. They\nsent me to Fort Monroe, Virginia.\n\nKREMER: Your family stayed here?\n\nALHADEFF: Right. Then I went to Fort Benjamin Harrison.\n\nKREMER: Were you an officer?\n\nALHADEFF: At that time, I was enlisted. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then our unit was transferred. I went\noverseas. They transferred me out of the unit and put me with the Corps of\nEngineers South Atlantic Division, which was in Atlanta, who then assigned me to\nthe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mobile District Engineers in Mobile, Alabama.\n\nKREMER: Why did you get separated from the unit?\n\nALHADEFF: The war was coming to an end. Germany was on its last legs. It was\njust before the invasion. They were searching for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"military personnel that had\nbackground in accounting. They were searching 201 Files for all those who served\nMOS. They took me because I had a degree in accounting. They used me for\ncontract termination cases because they were terminating contracts all over the\ncountry. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was assigned to the Mobile district of engineers. From there, I would\ngo to Galveston, Texas; Savannah, Georgia; and various places and reach amicable\nsettlement on contracts which were these contractors for the government.\n\nKREMER: What is this Command and General Staff ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"College?\n\nALHADEFF: When I got out in 1946, I went back to work with Federal Prison\nIndustries. Since it was a government job, if you had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had certain experience in\ncertain fields, you could get a direct commission in Reserves. I applied, and\nthey gave me an appointment as captain in the army reserves. I used it primarily\nto supplement my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"income. I was getting a day's pay for two or three hours of\nduty. When I got in the Reserves, I got into a unit that was active. I took\nextension courses, and I went to Command and General Staff College.\n\nKREMER: Continuing the interview with Jack Alhadeff ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by Ray Ann Kremer. You\nobviously got some more training and you had extra income from it.\n\nALHADEFF: Right.\n\nKREMER: Where were you working when you came back to Atlanta?\n\nALHADEFF: When I came back from the service, I went back to Federal Prison\nIndustries . . . four or five ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"industries. They had a camera shop, print shop, a\nclothing factory.\n\nKREMER: What were you doing as far as your involvement in the Jewish community here?\n\nALHADEFF: Other than belonging to the social clubs, Community Center maybe,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"synagogue activities, that was it.\n\nKREMER: How were you involved with synagogue?\n\nALHADEFF: I was vice president one time. I was on the board a few times,\nfinancial secretary. That's about it as far as synagogue.\n\nKREMER: Did Mary get involved?\n\nALHADEFF: Mary was involved with the Sisterhood ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"quite a bit. For ten or more\nyears, she was the goodwill secretary for the Sisterhood. She would send out\ncards to the sick. Helped with the bazaar cooking for the ladies.\n\nKREMER: She became a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sephardim recruit?\n\nALHADEFF: Right. She was . . .\n\nKREMER: Your children were involved?\n\nALHADEFF: Yes, they were. My children Rochelle and Marilyn, I think they both\ntaught Sunday school or taught classes there. I know Rochelle did when she was\ngoing to Emory, she would teach.\n\nKREMER: Did your children marry other ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sephardim?\n\nALHADEFF: No. My son didn't get married. He died. He was in an accident. My two\ndaughters, Rochelle married. She graduated in May and married in September, 1964.\n\nKREMER: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She married someone and lives where?\n\nALHADEFF: In New Orleans, a suburb. They're both active in their synagogues.\n\nKREMER: What do you see as the future of the Sephardic people in the United\nStates? There are not that many ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sephardic congregations.\n\nALHADEFF: That's right. Not only that, they are constantly being thinned out by intermarriages.\n\nKREMER: But some do gravitate and come into . . . like Mary.\n\nALHADEFF: Right, we do have a few . . . synagogue now, although it's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"considered\nSephardic. All our rituals and customs are observed. I would say, as far as\nattendance is concerned, it's about more than 50 percent Ashkenaz.\n\nKREMER: What are some of the customs that are different? You said, \"Our\ncustoms.\" What are some of them?\n\nALHADEFF: The method of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"prayer. That's about it.\n\nKREMER: What do you mean method of prayer?\n\nALHADEFF: Pronunciation in some cases.\n\nKREMER: Of the Hebrew?\n\nALHADEFF: Of the Hebrew. Also the literature, the way it's chanted is a little different.\n\nKREMER: Is there a cantorial school that teaches that?\n\nALHADEFF: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No, I don't think so. As far as Sephardim is concerned, just follow\nthe . . . on down. Just the way it's been done.\n\nKREMER: It's just the way your congregation teaches each other and your children?\n\nALHADEFF: Right. Well, I can't say that really because I suppose we rely on the\nrabbi. We don't have a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cantor as such. Our rabbi is our cantor. We don't have a\nchoir. It's his tunes, but his tunes generally are the tunes that we have been\naccustomed to hearing in the synagogue for the past 50 years.\n\nKREMER: He did it the same ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"way Rabbi Cohen did it?\n\nALHADEFF: Right.\n\nKREMER: Even though he came from a different place?\n\nALHADEFF: Right. Even though he came from Africa.\n\nKREMER: Do you have any family left in Cuba, or did they all come here from Cuba?\n\nALHADEFF: My father had two stepsisters there and a stepbrother. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or, I should\nsay half sister and brother.\n\nKREMER: From his father?\n\nALHADEFF: His father.\n\nKREMER: Who was separated from . . .\n\nALHADEFF: He was married again to someone else.\n\nKREMER: And they stayed in Cuba?\n\nALHADEFF: Right. Since that time, one has passed away, came to this country and\nliving in Florida, but she passed away. Another sister, a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"half-sister, I think\nshe may still be there. If so, she would have to be 90 years old or more.\n\nKREMER: You have no contact with that part of the family? Their name is Alhadeff\nor whoever they married?\n\nALHADEFF: Yes.\n\nKREMER: Do you know of any other family anywhere else?\n\nALHADEFF: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No.\n\nKREMER: Nobody left in Turkey?\n\nALHADEFF: In Turkey? No. He only had two sons in Turkey. They both came to Atlanta.\n\nKREMER: You don't know why they picked Atlanta?\n\nALHADEFF: When you stop and think, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if a person comes into a foreign country,\nthey want to migrate to a place where they know someone, right? There's a Jewish\ncommunity here, a Sephardic community. Not too many, but a few. So, they came\nhere. They had a few in Montgomery. Some would go to Montgomery. Some in\nSeattle, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Washington. Frankly, I believe what brought them here was climate as\nwell as knowing others here.\n\nKREMER: That brings a lot of other people here too.\n\nALHADEFF: Sure. I was just reading this. It indicated in 1910 how many . . .\nthis was before my father got here. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"In 1910, there were 30 bachelors in the\ncity of Atlanta, most of whom managed to send abroad for wives from the country\nof their origin.\" So, you got 30 bachelors in 1910.\n\nKREMER: Do we know who any of them are or who their descendants are?\n\nALHADEFF: They came from Salonika, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bodrum.\n\nKREMER: Yes, you told me that. I'm wondering names. Do you know any of the\npeople that are descendants of that group?\n\nALHADEFF: \"The first Sephardic Jews to settle here were Victor Avzaradel.\" He\npassed away a few years ago.\n\nKREMER: How do you spell Avzaradel?\n\nALHADEFF: A-V-Z-A-R-A-D-E-L.\n\nKREMER: That was his last name?\n\nALHADEFF: Right. Victor is his first name. My brother, Morris, who passed away\nin ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1978, he married Victor Avzaradel's niece, Becky Avzaradel. He was an uncle\nto Becky. Ezra Touriel, I think you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said someone . . .\n\nKREMER: Regina.\n\nALHADEFF: Regina is married to Ezra Touriel's nephew.\n\nKREMER: Ezra is one of the early ones?\n\nALHADEFF: That's right. Those are the first Sephardic Jews. They came in 1906.\nThe following year, they were joined by Isaac Hazan. H-A-Z-A-N. He's the one I\nmentioned that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lived at Central Avenue and Richmond Street. Asher Israel. I\ndon't remember him. I do know Mr. and Mrs. Ralph Amiel and family who came here.\nA-M-I-E-L. There is a Ralph Amiel here, I think, at the Community Center. He\ngoes there and plays ball. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He is a grandson of this Ralph Amiel who came in\n1906. They were the first ones to settle here.\n\nKREMER: Their descendants are still here?\n\nALHADEFF: Yes.\n\nKREMER: That has all kinds of goodies in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it. What other special things can you\ntell me about the community?\n\nALHADEFF: The first generation that came here, they really had to struggle. It\nwas a struggle. They bought a synagogue on Central Avenue. We had extreme\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"difficulty getting a rabbi. Here is a picture of the rabbi that taught me when I\nhad my bar mitzvah.\n\nKREMER: Tell me about your bar mitzvah. What was it like?\n\nALHADEFF: It was just like ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bar mitzvahs today except our main event is on a\nThursday morning when they take the Torah out. I made my speech at synagogue. I\nwent to school ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after the bar mitzvah. That night we had a party at the house.\nWhat I remember about it was that it was hard for me to make a speech. I never\nthought I'd get through it.\n\nKREMER: Was it something that everybody ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did, all your friends were having bar\nmitzvahs. You went to everybody's party.\n\nALHADEFF: No, there wasn't too many of us at that time. They were few and far\nbetween. I was born in 1915. This was 1928. There weren't too many boys at that\ntime. There were a few. You would have them in 1940s, 1950s, 1960s, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1970s,\nyou had them about every week or so. We didn't have eight to ten a year because\nthe population was so little. This is H-A-M-G-A-B-A-I. He was tough. He had eyes\nin the back of his head. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We would snicker or something. He would be at the\nblackboard, and he could turn around and throw a ruler at you. He was a tough one.\n\nKREMER: He had a hot temper?\n\nALHADEFF: Yes, he did. He believed in control . . .\n\nKREMER: Where was he from?\n\nALHADEFF: He must have been from Turkey. You asked about a situation at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that\ntime when I say it was tough. Our parents couldn't afford a full-time rabbi or\nteacher. They were coming and leaving just like a revolving door. Our Hebrew\neducation was interrupted. I remember for a few ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"months we went to AA to their\nHebrew school because we didn't have a rabbi or a teacher that would teach us at\nour school. Also, I remember that we had Birdie Benator's mother who . . . .\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"either she learned her Hebrew when she was in Israel or wherever. She was a\nyoung woman that taught us Hebrew. She was not a professional, but she knew her\nHebrew just like you have Israeli's now who come and teach us now at schools, at\nacademy's, etc. We had the same ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"situation then except we didn't have a rabbi for\na good bit of the time. If we did, it was just a temporary basis.\n\nKREMER: Do you remember any other rabbi other than the one you just showed a\npicture of?\n\nALHADEFF: Off hand, no.\n\nKREMER: He stood out because he was so tough.\n\nALHADEFF: We had a number of them ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but, like I say, I can't remember them.\n\nKREMER: When Rabbi Cohen came, he must have been very special because everyone\ntalks so highly about him.\n\nALHADEFF: Right and he stayed until his death until Rabbi Ichay came along.\n\nKREMER: How did the congregation through the years, could you see?\n\nALHADEFF: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The biggest change about when we left Highland Avenue. That's when we\nhad an influx of Ashkenazi that joined us. It might have been for reasons that\nwere either close by or maybe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because the like Rabbi Ichay.\n\nKREMER: What year was this?\n\nALHADEFF: In 1971 when we came to North Druid Hills. At Highland Avenue, we were\nlimited as far as space was concerned. We couldn't function very well. When we\nmoved in 1971 to North Druid Hills, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we built a new synagogue there, we had more\nparking spaces. We could take care of the population.\n\nKREMER: Were there any influxes of Sephardim coming in during different periods?\nLike, after the war, did you . . . ?\n\nALHADEFF: A few.\n\nKREMER: Not a lot, though.\n\nALHADEFF: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Those that came in, came from other countries. They came from South\nAfrica, Rhodesia.\n\nKREMER: When did you get them?\n\nALHADEFF: In the last ten years, I would say.\n\nKREMER: Many?\n\nALHADEFF: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maybe eight or ten. We don't have a tremendous population even now. I\nimagine your interviews with some of the others, they will probably give you a\nlittle better insight as to the numbers. I would say about 350 ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"families and\nmaybe another 100 or so of singles that might belong.\n\nKREMER: I was just trying to see if there was a period of time when the\ncongregation changed because of an influx of Sephardim.\n\nALHADEFF: We never had too many Sephardim come in.\n\nKREMER: Most of the population came between 1910 ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and 1925? They were coming from\nTurkey and Rhodes basically?\n\nALHADEFF: A few moved from one city to another because of their business. We had\nthem come in from Washington and other places.\n\nKREMER: So many of the Sephardim like your father had shoe shops. I find that\nkind of interesting. They learned the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trade in the old country, and your father\nlearned it here.\n\nALHADEFF: That's true. We also had tailors, restauranteurs. I remember Mr.\nFranco, Mr. Benator, they had restaurants.\n\nKREMER: Which Mr. Franco?\n\nALHADEFF: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Morris Franco. He had a restaurant on Highland Avenue. He passed away.\n\nKREMER: Which Mr. Benator?\n\nALHADEFF: He also passed away. That's Leo's father. Leo and Victor Benator's father.\n\nKREMER: He had a restaurant also?\n\nALHADEFF: Yes.\n\nKREMER: Who was the third person you said?\n\nALHADEFF: . . . He passed away also. He had a place on Broad Street.\n\nKREMER: What ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kind of restaurant was that?\n\nALHADEFF: It was a deli. It was a sandwich shop. He also had fruits. He served\nlunches there.\n\nKREMER: This little Bijan's kosher Catering. Are those Sephardim? B-I-J-A-N ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Catering.\n\nALHADEFF: They may be Sephardic. I thought they were from Iran. They may be\nSephardic. Most of them are. We have quite a few Iranians that have come in the\npast few years to the synagogue.\n\nKREMER: Isn't there an Iranian synagogue, a separate one?\n\nALHADEFF: Yes, there is. It is limited in number. They have, I understand 20 or\n30 people that meet at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Beth Jacob.\n\nKREMER: They chose not to join Or VeShalom. Was there a reason?\n\nALHADEFF: Unless they feel like they don't want to ride up there. Some of them\nlive up the street and they walk down here. It's just a block or so. It may be\nfor convenience.\n\nKREMER: When did the Iranians come?\n\nALHADEFF: About the time the Shah left ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there.\n\nKREMER: In your synagogue, how many?\n\nALHADEFF: We must have about 12 or 15. Maybe a few more. They've had their bar\nmitzvahs there. Baby namings, bris. They've had the works. They ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"come regularly\nevery Saturday morning. I see them there.\n\nKREMER: Do you go to synagogue every Saturday?\n\nALHADEFF: Yes, when I'm not visiting my daughter in Orlando or New Orleans.\n\nKREMER: What else can you tell me of interest about the community? Does anything\nelse pop into your head?\n\nALHADEFF: The only thing I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can say is it's been great going back and over the\nyears. I feel fortunate that I've seen so many of them. So many of them could\ngive you a better insight. We've had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"great leaders.\n\nKREMER: Who would you say, of all the people you know, would be the best person\nto give us some insight?\n\nALHADEFF: Someone like Regina Touriel. I would say that she could tell you\nbecause she's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"worked in every step of the way from the time she was teaching\nSunday school. Morris Russo, her brother, probably could tell you a lot. But she\nworked with so many, Regina, her mother.\n\nKREMER: Anyone ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"else? Regina came from Rhodes. What about from the Turkish community?\n\nALHADEFF: Ralph Touriel was from Turkey, her husband.\n\nKREMER: Anyone else?\n\nALHADEFF: I was trying to think. Have you or anyone spoken to Isaac Hazan?\n\nKREMER: Yes.\n\nALHADEFF: He really knows a lot. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This, our niece, Joyce Alhadeff, wrote this for\nschool, her thesis.\n\nKREMER: Sephardic Community of Atlanta: A Brief History. May I borrow that and\nread it?\n\nALHADEFF: Pictures don't do justice, but as far as the rest of it.\n\nKREMER: I'm going to thank you right here and stop this. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/transcript/21615/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I appreciate all your help.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=4470.0,4500.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/annotation_set/348","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/annotation_set/348/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War I, also called the \"First World War\" or the \"Great War,\" was an international conflict that in 1914–18 embroiled most of the nations of Europe along with Russia, the United States, the Middle East, and other regions. The war pitted the Central Powers—mainly Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey—against the Allies—mainly France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, Japan, and, from 1917, the United States. It ended with the defeat of the Central Powers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/annotation_set/348/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRhodes is a Greek island in the Aegean Sea, off the southwest coast of Turkey. It is the largest island of the Dodecanese archipelago and serves as the capital of the Greek Islands.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/annotation_set/348/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSephardic Jews are the Jews of Spain, Portugal, North Africa, and the Middle East and their descendants. The adjective “Sephardic” and corresponding nouns \u003cem\u003eSephardi\u003c/em\u003e (singular) and \u003cem\u003eSephardim\u003c/em\u003e (plural) are derived from the Hebrew word \u003cem\u003eSepharad\u003c/em\u003e, which refers to Spain. Historically, the vernacular language of Sephardic Jews was Ladino, a Romance language derived from Old Spanish, incorporating elements from the old Romance languages of the Iberian Peninsula, Hebrew, Aramaic, and in the lands receiving those who were exiled, Ottoman Turkish, Arabic, Greek, Bulgarian, and Serbo-Croatian vocabulary.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/annotation_set/348/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlso known as \"Judeo-Spanish,\" Ladino is a Romance language derived from Old Spanish originally spoken in the former territories of the Ottoman Empire (the Balkans, Turkey, the Middle East, and North Africa) as well as in France, Italy, the Netherlands, Morocco, and the United Kingdom. Today, Ladino is spoken mainly by Sephardic minorities in more than 30 countries.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/annotation_set/348/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCongregation Or VeShalom was established in Atlanta, Georgia by refugees of the Ottoman Empire, namely from Turkey and the Isle of Rhodes.  The Sephardic congregation began in 1920 and was based at Central and Woodward Avenues until 1948 when it moved to a larger building on North Highland Road.  Or VeShalom’s current synagogue is located on North Druid Hills Road. As of 2021, the congregation’s rabbi is Josh Hearshen.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/annotation_set/348/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Joseph I. Cohen (1896-1985) was born in Constantinople (now Istanbul), Turkey. He was trained for the rabbinate in Turkey and accepted his first pulpit in Havana, Cuba in 1920. In 1934 he moved to Atlanta, Georgia, where he was installed as the rabbi of Congregation Or VeShalom, a Sephardic synagogue. Rabbi Cohen officially retired in 1969, but remained active at both the synagogue and in the community until his death in 1985.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/annotation_set/348/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSomeone who is \u003cem\u003eshomer\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: to guard, watch, or preserve] \u003cem\u003eShabbat \u003c/em\u003eor \u003cem\u003eshomer Shabbos\u003c/em\u003e observes commandments for the Jewish Sabbath from sundown Friday evening until sundown Saturday evening.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/annotation_set/348/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust (in which approximately 6 million Jews were killed) and the strategic bombing of industrial and population centers (in which approximately one million were killed, and which included the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki), it resulted in an estimated 50 million to 85 million fatalities. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/annotation_set/348/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP), commonly known as the “Nazi Party,” was a political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945. The party’s leader was Adolf Hitler. Initially, Nazi political strategy focused on anti-big business, anti-bourgeois, and anti-capitalist rhetoric. In the 1930s the party's focus shifted to antisemitic and anti-Marxist themes. Racism was also central to Nazism. The Nazis aimed to unite all Germans as national comrades, whilst excluding those deemed either to be community aliens or of a foreign race. The Nazis sought to improve the stock of the Germanic people through racial purity and eugenics, broad social welfare programs, and a disregard for the value of individual life, which could be sacrificed for the good of the Nazi state and the “Aryan master race.” The persecution reached its climax when the party-controlled German state organized the systematic murder of approximately 6,000,000 Jews and 5,000,000 people from the other targeted groups.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/annotation_set/348/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAhavath Achim Synagogue was founded as an Orthodox congregation in 1887 in a small room on Gilmer Street. In 1901 they moved to a permanent building at the corner of Piedmont Avenue and Gilmer Street. In 1921, the congregation constructed a synagogue at Washington Street and Woodward Avenue. It joined the Conservative movement in 1952. The final service in the Washington Street building was held in 1958 to make way for construction of the Downtown Connector (the concurrent section of Interstate 75 and Interstate 85 through Atlanta). The synagogue moved to its current location on Peachtree Battle Avenue in 1958. As of 2021, Ahavath Achim is the largest Conservative synagogue in the Atlanta area and its current Senior Rabbi is Laurence Rosenthal.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/annotation_set/348/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe LOT (Light of Tomorrow) Club was a social club for Sephardic youths in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/annotation_set/348/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Educational Alliance (JEA) operated from 1910 to 1948 on the site where the Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium was later located. The JEA was once the hub of Jewish life in Atlanta. Families congregated there for social, educational, sports and cultural programs. The JEA ran camps and held classes to help some new residents learn to read and write English. For newcomers, it became a refuge, with programs to help them acclimate to a new home. The JEA stayed at that site until the late 1940s, when it evolved into the Atlanta Jewish Community Center and moved to Peachtree Street. It stayed there until 1998, when the building was sold and the center moved to Dunwoody. In 2000, it was renamed the “Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/annotation_set/348/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYoung Judaea is a peer-led Zionist youth movement founded in 1909 for Jewish youth in grades 2–12. Its programs include youth clubs, conventions, summer camps and Israel programs that provide experiential programming through which Jewish youth and young adults build meaningful relationships with their peers, emphasize social action, and develop a lifelong commitment to Jewish life, the Jewish people, and Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/annotation_set/348/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Jewish Community Center was officially founded in 1910, as the Jewish Educational Alliance. In the late 1940s it evolved into the Atlanta Jewish Community Center and moved to Peachtree Street. It stayed there until 1998, when the building was sold and the center moved to the suburb of Dunwoody. In 2000, it was renamed the “Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/annotation_set/348/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAshkenazi Jews [also known as Ashkenazic Jews or \u003cem\u003eAshkenazim\u003c/em\u003e] are Jews who originally lived in northern and eastern Europe. They once lived in the area of Rhineland and France and after the crusades they moved to Poland, Lithuania and Russia. In the 17th century, avoiding persecution, many Jews moved to and settled in Western Europe. As of 2018, \u003cem\u003eAshkenazim\u003c/em\u003e account for about 75% of the world's Jewish population.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/annotation_set/348/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Tobias Geffen (1870-1970) was an Orthodox rabbi and leader of Congregation Shearith Israel in Atlanta from 1910-1970. He is widely known for his 1935 decision that certified Coca-Cola as kosher. He also organized the first Hebrew school in Atlanta, and standardized regulation of kosher supervision in the Atlanta area.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/annotation_set/348/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1904, Congregation Shearith Israel began as a congregation that met in the homes of congregants until 1906 when they began using a Methodist church on Hunter Street. After World War II, Rabbi Tobias Geffen moved the congregation to University Drive, where it became the first synagogue in DeKalb County. In the 1960s, they removed the barrier between the men’s and women’s sections in the sanctuary, and officially became affiliated with the Conservative movement in 2002. As of 2021, the current Senior Rabbi of the congregation is Ari Kaiman.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/annotation_set/348/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSukkot is one of the harvest festivals of Judaism. It is seven days long and comes after the ingathering of the yearly harvest. It celebrates God’s bounty in nature and God’s protection, symbolized by the fragile booths in which the Israelites dwelt in the wilderness. During Sukkot, Jews eat and live in such booths, which gives the festival its name and character. Shemini Atzerat is one of the three sacred days of the festival.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/annotation_set/348/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA chuppah [Hebrew for “canopy”] is the canopy under which a Jewish wedding takes place.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/annotation_set/348/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was a voluntary public work relief program that operated from 1933 to 1942 in the United States for unemployed, unmarried men. Originally for young men ages 18–25, it was eventually expanded to ages 17–28. The CCC was a major part of President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal that provided manual labor jobs related to the conservation and development of natural resources in rural lands owned by federal, state, and local governments. The CCC was designed to provide jobs for young men and to relieve families who had difficulty finding jobs during the Great Depression in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/annotation_set/348/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The time of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries it started in about 1929 and lasted until the late 1930s or early 1940s. It was the longest, most widespread, and deepest depression of the twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/annotation_set/348/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA Sisterhood is a group of women in a synagogue congregation who join together to offer social, cultural, educational, and volunteer service opportunities. Its male counterpart is either called a \"Brotherhood\" or a \"Men's Club.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/annotation_set/348/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003echazzan\u003c/em\u003e or cantor is the official in charge of music or chants and leads liturgical prayer and chanting in the synagogue.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/annotation_set/348/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Solomon Robert Ichay (1929-2012) led Congregation Or VeShalom for 33 years. Upon retirement he was named Rabbi Emeritus. While leading Or VeShalom, Rabbi Ichay helped grow the congregation to more than 500 families, up from less than 200. He also helped lead the congregation into a new building in 1971, less than two years after he arrived in 1969. He was born in Tunisia and educated in England and Zimbabwe.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/annotation_set/348/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for “son of commandments.” A rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day. At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes. He is now duty bound to keep the commandments, he puts on \u003cem\u003etefillin\u003c/em\u003e, and may be counted to the \u003cem\u003eminyan\u003c/em\u003e quorum for public worship. He celebrates the \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e by being called up to the reading of the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/annotation_set/348/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: teaching] is a general term that covers all Jewish law including the vast mass of teachings recorded in the \u003cem\u003eTalmud\u003c/em\u003e and other rabbinical works. “\u003cem\u003eSefer Torah\u003c/em\u003e” refers to the sacred scroll on which the first five books of the Bible (the \u003cem\u003ePentateuch\u003c/em\u003e) are written.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/annotation_set/348/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCongregation Beth Jacob is an Orthodox synagogue on LaVista Road in Atlanta, Georgia. It was founded in 1942 by former members of Ahavath Achim Synagogue who were looking for a more Orthodox-leaning congregation. Beth Jacob is now Atlanta’s largest Orthodox congregation. As of 2020, the Senior Rabbi of the congregation is Ilan D. Feldman, son of the Rabbi Emeritus, Emanuel Feldman.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/annotation_set/348/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eShah\u003c/em\u003e is the Persian word for “king” or “sovereign.” Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (1919-1980), also known as the \u003cem\u003eShah\u003c/em\u003e of Iran, reigned from 1941 to 1979 until his overthrow in the Iranian Revolution. He was known for his policies of modernization and secularism. He died in exile in Egypt, whose president, Anwar Sadat, had granted him asylum. He is buried in Al-Rifa’i Mosque in Cairo, Egypt.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/annotation_set/348/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003ebris\u003c/em\u003e, formally known as the \u003cem\u003ebrit milah\u003c/em\u003e (Hebrew: Covenant of Circumcision) involves surgically removing the foreskin of the penis. Circumcision is performed on males on the eighth day of the child's life. The \u003cem\u003ebrit milah\u003c/em\u003e is usually followed by a celebratory meal.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=4260.0,4290.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/index/47266","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Alhadeff, Jake [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/index/47266/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family History","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=32.0,1279.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/index/47266/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm going to start out by asking you how far back you can trace your family history and your family. 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There are not that many Sephardic congregations.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=3040.0,3200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/index/47266/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Customs","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rabbi","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rabbi Cohen","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sephardic Jews","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=3040.0,3200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/index/47266/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Extended Family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=3200.0,3351.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/index/47266/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Do you have any family left in Cuba, or did they all come here from Cuba?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=3200.0,3351.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/index/47266/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cuba","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Montgomery, Alabama","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Seattle, Washington","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Turkey","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=3200.0,3351.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/index/47266/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interesting Things about the Sephardic Community","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=3351.0,3599.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/index/47266/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was just reading this. 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What was it like?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=3599.0,3895.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/index/47266/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ahavath Achim","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bar Mitzvah","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hebrew School","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rabbi Cohen","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rabbi Ichay","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=3599.0,3895.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/index/47266/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Changes in the Congregation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=3895.0,4108.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/index/47266/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How did the congregation change through the years, could you see?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=3895.0,4108.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/index/47266/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ashkenazi Jews","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Highland Avenue","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"North Druid Hills","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rabbi Ichay","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rhodesia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"South Africa","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=3895.0,4108.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/index/47266/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sephardic Merchants and Jewish Congregations","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=4108.0,4473.05143"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/index/47266/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So many of the Sephardim like your father had shoe shops. I find that kind of interesting. They learned the trade in the old country, and your father learned it here.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=4108.0,4473.05143"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340/index/47266/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Beth Jacob","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bijan's Kosher Catering","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Broad Street","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Highland Avenue","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Iranian Jews","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Restaurants","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Morris Franco","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mr. Benator","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sephardic Jews","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30356/file/98340#t=4108.0,4473.05143"}]}]}]}