{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/x05x63c84x/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Adler, Lou and Edna"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2000-12-01 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Adler, Edna (1930-2018) (Interviewee)","Adler, Lou (1929-2011) (Interviewee)","Baron, Albert (Interviewer)","Einstein, Ruth (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Legacy Project"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eLou and Edna Adler were interviewed by Albert Baron and Ruth Einstein on December 1, 2000 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eLudwig (Lou) Adler, 84, of Atlanta, died on the day of his 59th wedding anniversary, (February 10, 2011). Born May 7, 1926 in Edelfingen Germany,his parents sent him to Amsterdam soon after Kristallnacht in 1938. Through the Kindertransport, he left Amsterdam for England on May 14, 1940, on the SS Bodegraven, along with 74 other refugee Jewish children, one hour before Holland capitulated to the Nazis. He spent the next couple of years in a foster home.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1943 he came to the United States, was reunited with his parents and sister, and joined the US Navy three weeks after arrival. During the last two years of World War II, he served on the USS Saratoga aircraft carrier. While in England he apprenticed as a cabinetmaker and became adept at carpentry. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAfter he was discharged from the Navy, he attended architecture school at Cooper Union for a couple of years but was not able to complete his degree due to the need to support his family. He combined his carpentry skills and design training when he and a partner opened Hill Manufacturing, a furniture manufacturing company in NY. As his career progressed, he specialized in the design and manufacturing of furniture for beauty and barber shops. In 1963, a career opportunity brought him to Atlanta, GA and he eventually opened Lou Adler \u0026amp; Associates with his wife, Edna. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eErna (Edna) Adler, 88, of Atlanta, died Nov. 25, 2018. Edna was born in Frankfurt, Germany.  Her family, including her mother, father and sister Hilda, escaped Germany soon after Kristallnacht, arriving in New York via The Netherlands, in 1940. Her family settled in the Washington Heights neighborhood of New York, where she met her husband Ludwig (Lou) soon after the end of World War II.  They married in 1952, and after a brief stop in Connecticut, moved to Atlanta in 1963.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eEdna was as an active volunteer in the community.  Over the years her volunteering was spread over a wide spectrum of the community, including, among others, American Red Cross, Congregation Beth Jacob, Yeshiva Atlanta High School, Fernbank Museum and Congregation Beth Tefillah. \u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28915"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Adler, Erna \"Edna\" Grunebaum (personal name)","Adler, Ludwig \"Lou\" (personal name)","Wijsmuller-Meijer, Geertruida \"Truus\" (1896-1978) (personal name)","Hitler, Adolf (1889-1945) (personal name)","Laski, Howard (1893-1950) (personal name)","Javits, Jacob (1904-1986) (personal name)","Guggenheim, Irene Rothschild (1868-1954) (personal name)","Rabbi Feldman, Ilan Daniel (personal name)","Rabbi Dr. Feldman, Emanuel (b. 1927) (personal name)","Rabbi Belsky, Mier (d. 2017) (personal name)","Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS) (corporate name)","United Jewish Appeal (UJA) (corporate name)","Fuller Brush Company (corporate name)","Dommelhuis (corporate name)","Burgerweehuis (corporate name)","Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum (corporate name)","Beth Jacob Synagogue (corporate name)","Congregation Ohev Shalom (corporate name)","Frankfurt, Germany (geographic term)","Edelfingen, Germany (geographic term)","Bad Mergentheim, Germany (geographic term)","Ijmuiden, Holland (geographic term)","Wigan, England (geographic term)","New York (geographic term)","Hoboken, New Jersey (geographic term)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","Buchenwald Concentration Camp (geographic term)","Dachau Concentration Camp (geographic term)","Kristallnacht (topical term)","Holocaust (topical term)","Anti-Semitism (topical term)","Gestapo (topical term)","Affidavit of Support and Sponsorship (topical term)","Righteous Gentiles (topical term)","Sephardic Jews (topical term)","Ashkenazi Jews (topical term)","Yiddishkeit (topical term)","Kindertransport (topical term)","Cheder (topical term)","Yeshiva (topical term)","Bar Mitzvah (topical term)","Tefillin (topical term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eLou and Edna Adler were interviewed by Albert Baron and Ruth Einstein on December 1, 2000 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLudwig (Lou) Adler, 84, of Atlanta, died on the day of his 59th wedding anniversary, (February 10, 2011). Born May 7, 1926 in Edelfingen Germany,his parents sent him to Amsterdam soon after Kristallnacht in 1938. Through the Kindertransport, he left Amsterdam for England on May 14, 1940, on the SS Bodegraven, along with 74 other refugee Jewish children, one hour before Holland capitulated to the Nazis. He spent the next couple of years in a foster home.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1943 he came to the United States, was reunited with his parents and sister, and joined the US Navy three weeks after arrival. During the last two years of World War II, he served on the USS Saratoga aircraft carrier. While in England he apprenticed as a cabinetmaker and became adept at carpentry.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAfter he was discharged from the Navy, he attended architecture school at Cooper Union for a couple of years but was not able to complete his degree due to the need to support his family. He combined his carpentry skills and design training when he and a partner opened Hill Manufacturing, a furniture manufacturing company in NY. As his career progressed, he specialized in the design and manufacturing of furniture for beauty and barber shops. In 1963, a career opportunity brought him to Atlanta, GA and he eventually opened Lou Adler \u0026amp; Associates with his wife, Edna.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eErna (Edna) Adler, 88, of Atlanta, died Nov. 25, 2018. Edna was born in Frankfurt, Germany. \u0026nbsp;Her family, including her mother, father and sister Hilda, escaped Germany soon after Kristallnacht, arriving in New York via The Netherlands, in 1940. Her family settled in the Washington Heights neighborhood of New York, where she met her husband Ludwig (Lou) soon after the end of World War II. \u0026nbsp;They married in 1952, and after a brief stop in Connecticut, moved to Atlanta in 1963.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eEdna was as an active volunteer in the community. \u0026nbsp;Over the years her volunteering was spread over a wide spectrum of the community, including, among others, American Red Cross, Congregation Beth Jacob, Yeshiva Atlanta High School, Fernbank Museum and Congregation Beth Tefillah.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/166/496/small/Adler_LouandEdna.mp4_1662138232.jpg?1662138233","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Adler_Lou_and_Edna.mp4"]},"duration":4695.594,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/166/496/small/Adler_LouandEdna.mp4_1662138232.jpg?1662138233","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/166/496/original/Adler_Lou_and_Edna.mp4?1662138213","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":4695.594,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Adler, Lou and Edna [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BARON: . . . one, 2000. My name is Albert Baron. I am at the home of Mr. and\nMrs. Lou Adler in Atlanta, Georgia, to conduct an interview with Mr. and Mrs.\nAdler for the Legacy Project of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum in\nAtlanta, Georgia. First, I will start with Edna, if I may call you Edna.\n\nE. ADLER: Please do.\n\nBARON: What was your given name at birth and grew?\n\nE. ADLER: Erna Grunebaum.\n\nBARON: Can you spell ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that?\n\nE. ADLER: E-R-N-A, capital G-R-U-N-E-B-A-U-M.\n\nBARON: You were born where?\n\nE. ADLER: Frankfurt, Germany.\n\nBARON: In Frankfurt, okay. If I may ask, when were you were born?\n\nE. ADLER: May 25, 1930.\n\nBARON: Okay. Could you tell us what it was like growing up in Germany? Tell us\nabout your family, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"your parents, grandparents, siblings, et cetera.\n\nE. ADLER: I have one sister. She's seven years older than I am. We lived in the\ncity of Frankford. My father was in the leather goods business. My mother\nbasically was home, except when she helped her parents in a dry goods ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"store. We\nhad Sunday dinner at her parents every Sunday. I was very close to cousins of\nmine who also lived in Frankfurt. In 1933, I was in a nursery or kindergarten--a\nprivate ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one because I couldn't go into a public one. I believe in 1934, when I\nwas starting swimming lessons, I could not finish them, because at that time,\n[Adolf] Hitler decided that Jews were not allowed to continue. I believe I went\nto . . . I started school and did first and second grade, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when in 1938 . . . Is\nthat when Kristallnacht was?\n\nBARON: I believe it was 1933.\n\nE. ADLER: No, Kristallnacht.\n\nBARON: April 1933 is when Hitler came into power.\n\nE. ADLER: Kristallnacht happened to have been my mother's birthday. We had a\nsmall party for her. One of her brothers was there from out of town, whose ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wife\ncalled him to tell him to please hurry home. They were smashing the store\nwindows in their store. Neighbors came from our apartment building to tell my\nfather to go into hiding. Then, later on that evening, the Gestapo came into our\nhouse looking for my dad, looking in closets, under beds, everyplace, and told\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"us that if he didn't report the following morning at a certain place that they\nwould just pick up my mother, and my sister, and I. My father surrendered and\nwas taken to Buchenwald, where he was for approximately three weeks. [He] was\nreleased because he served in the First World War and had gotten a medal.We were\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"given, I think, four weeks to leave the country. My father had a brother in\nHolland who was able to get us out into a refugee camp in Rotterdam. We stayed\nthere for a year until our papers were finalized. In January of 1940, we came to\nthe United States. [We] landed in New ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"York, rather in Hoboken [New Jersey]. [We]\ncame to New York City, where my mother had another brother. I went to school\nthere. How far do I go?\n\nBARON: I think you have pretty much answered most of the questions I was going\nto ask you. But how did you actually get out of this? In 1940, the Germans ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came\ninto Holland. In the spring of . . .\n\nE. ADLER: May 1940.\n\nBARON: You left before?\n\nE. ADLER: In January.\n\nBARON: Before the Germans came in. Were you assisted by any agency, HIAS or\nanyone . . .\n\nE. ADLER: I believe it was HIAS.\n\nBARON: . . . to get you to America? How did you get into the United States?\n\nE. ADLER: We had all the papers and my uncles had the . . . Was it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"visas or what\ndo you call it?\n\nEINSTEIN: Affidavits.\n\nE. ADLER: Affidavits for us.\n\nBARON: You were sponsored by an uncle in the US?\n\nE. ADLER: Yes.\n\nBARON: At that time, they allowed you . . . I know that later on they closed the\ndoor to immigration and didn't allow anybody in, so you were fortunate. You were\nyou met your husband when?\n\nE. ADLER: 1951, February.\n\nBARON: This was where?\n\nE. ADLER: In New York ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"City.\n\nBARON: Okay. I am going to ask you and your husband a few questions. Let me just\nask you one. When you came to Atlanta, you were already married?\n\nE. ADLER: Yes, we were.\n\nBARON: Let me then interview Lou for a few minutes and then we will get the two\nof you together, your stuff.\n\nEINSTEIN: What did your father tell your family about Buchenwald? He was there\nfor three weeks. I know that this was a traumatic experience for many ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"men who\nare yanked out of their homes. What did he tell your family about that?\n\nE. ADLER: I was all of eight years old and I really don't remember.\n\nBARON: Did you ever ask him later on, when you grew up, or you didn't want to\nknow about it?\n\nE. ADLER: No, my father passed away when I was 15. We just didn't talk about it\nat that time. It was . . .\n\nBARON: But you did come to the U.S. as a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family?\n\nE. ADLER: All four of us, yes.\n\nEINSTEIN: Did you find out later what happened to the rest of your family there?\nHow did you find out? What were the stories that that came to you from Germany?\n\nE. ADLER: Our family in Rotterdam perished. We had a cousin, who was in Germany,\nand then fled to France, and then on to, I believe it was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Algeria, and then\nafter the war, went back to Germany. The rest of the family, as far as I can\nremember, came over here before the war.\n\nEINSTEIN: What about your mother's parents and the family left in Germany?\n\nE. ADLER: My mother's parents died, I believe it was in 1937. My father's\nparents, I never knew.\n\nBARON: How big was the Jewish community in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Frankfurt prior to the Nazis coming\ninto power?\n\nE. ADLER: I have no idea.\n\nEINSTEIN: It was large, though. There was a huge synagogue.\n\nE. ADLER: We belonged to the Reformed synagogue. I know there was a big Orthodox\ncommunity also in Frankfurt.\n\nEINSTEIN: What were family celebrations like as a child? What do you remember\nmost about your family's life? I know you were small, but when you remember,\nwhat sticks ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out?\n\nE. ADLER: The seders, and Hanukkah, and the usual holidays. We were raised\nreformed, so celebrations like Sukkot, we just didn't observe that much.\n\nEINSTEIN: Did your mom make any foods that you particularly like for any of the\nholidays? What was your favorite ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thing?\n\nE. ADLER: I guess the latkes. She used to, for Rosh HaShanah, she would make\nwhat we called Zwetschgenkuchen [German], which is translated into a certain\nkind of a plum cake.\n\nEINSTEIN: When you got to America, she just changed the way that she ran the\nhousehold or what she cooked?\n\nE. ADLER: Very much so, because my mother, when we came here, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we were basically\npenniless. My dad went as a door to door salesman for the Fuller Brush Company.\nMother went to clean houses. My sister went to work in a factory.\n\nEINSTEIN: How old was she?\n\nE. ADLER: My sister is seven years older than I was.\n\nEINSTEIN: She was a teenager at that time.\n\nE. ADLER: She was in her teens when she came here. She passed away several ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years\nago. What was I saying? I went to school.\n\nEINSTEIN: How did you learn English? Did you just get thrown in, or . . .\n\nE. ADLER: Literally, yes, I was thrown into a public school not knowing any\nEnglish. There was a teacher in the . . . I was supposed to be in the third\ngrade. There was a teacher in the first grade who had as a little bit of a\nknowledge of German. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was put into that class until I was able to move up to\nthe proper grade.\n\nBARON: I have a question. When you came over on that ship, do you remember\nanything about the ship itself or who came over? How many people?\n\nE. ADLER: It was a freighter. I believe we were like 26 or 30 passengers. It was\na very rough ride and I think only my sister and the captain ate dinner every night.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BARON: I can relate to that.\n\nEINSTEIN: When your parents got here, were there other refugees from Germany\nthat they met when they first . . . Who were their friends when they first got\nhere? They didn't speak English, I imagine. Who did they talk to?\n\nE. ADLER: Mother's brothers. I had cousins not living in New York, but in the\nBoston [Massachusetts] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"area. I guess they just made friends through the\nsynagogue. My father was one of the founders of one of the synagogues in New\nYork, Ohev Sholom, which consisted of German refugees. I guess that's how they\nmade friends.\n\nEINSTEIN: If you learned English before ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they did, was there ever any conflict\nthat arose out of the fact that you were the American kid, and they're your\nparents, and greenhorns?\n\nE. ADLER: Especially during the war, when we were on the street, I would not let\nmy parents talk any German.\n\nBARON: This is in New York?\n\nE. ADLER: Yes. In the apartment house we lived in, I remember one time, some of\nthe children--I guess my age--who lived during this horrible ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time, I remember\nonce they drew a swastika on our apartment door because they didn't know the\ndifference between German Jews and Hitler's Germans.\n\nBARON: You experienced antisemitism growing up in New York?\n\nE. ADLER: Just that one time. After that, none.\n\nBARON: That was the only incident?\n\nE. ADLER: Yes.\n\nEINSTEIN: It just takes one.\n\nBARON: In New York, you do not expect ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it the same as any . . . What made you\nchoose to remain? Why did your parents remain in New York? If you had family in\nBoston, why did they want to remain in New York? In those days, life was\ndifficult in New York.\n\nE. ADLER: It was very difficult. I guess, because two of my mother's brothers\nwere in New York.\n\nBARON: Who was in Boston?\n\nE. ADLER: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Two of my cousins on my father's side.\n\nBARON: You had more immediate family in New York?\n\nE. ADLER: Exactly.\n\nBARON: Which probably made it easier for your parents to settle, where a lot of\npeople who came over had nobody.\n\nE. ADLER: Right.\n\nBARON: You were fortunate to be able to do that. Your school . . . You settled\nwhere? Which part of the New York area?\n\nE. ADLER: It was called Inwood. It was north, about a mile north of George\nWashington ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bridge.\n\nBARON: I am sure you have been back, but going back to New York, I imagine it\nbrings back a lot of your childhood. Do you often go back to New York?\n\nE. ADLER: We tried to avoid going to New York. We go to New Jersey and to visit\nmy son in Connecticut.\n\nBARON: Of your family that you had in New York, do you have many cousins\nremaining, big family still in that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"area?\n\nE. ADLER: Not in New York City. We have a cousin in Flemington [New Jersey] and\na cousin in Pittsburgh [Pennsylvania], but no relatives in New York.\n\nBARON: Getting into the Atlanta area . . . That happened after you were married.\nAm I correct?\n\nE. ADLER: Yes.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BARON: You told me that your dad passed away when you were very young. I believe\nyou mentioned you were about 15?\n\nE. ADLER: Yes.\n\nBARON: It must have been a little difficult, I am sure, for your mother. How did\nshe manage to bring you up and your sister at that time with your father?\n\nE. ADLER: My sister worked. My father, after leaving the Fuller Brush Company,\nwent as a salesman ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for another company, or more or less, as a rep for . . . drug\nstores that carried 4711, the cologne, and mouthwash, and things like that that\nthe German people used very much. Mother carried on that particular ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"business.\nShe also was very handy and took in piece work of knitting. That's basically how\nwe managed.\n\nEINSTEIN: Did you say there was a connection with . . .\n\nE. ADLER: [Unintelligible; 16:23]. Yes. My mother had to go to Boston ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for a\nfuneral of one of my aunts. Lou's parents were out of a particular mouthwash.\nThey called up and asked if he could pick it up. I was home and he picked it up.\nI guess after that, he started to borrow books to read. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"After he went through my\nlibrary--I don't even know if he ever read any book--he had tickets for a nice\nhockey game and asked me to go out with him. That was our first date.\n\nBARON: Mr. Adler, what was your given name at birth?\n\nL. ADLER: Ludwig, L-U-D-W-I-G, Adler. My Jewish name is Yehuda.\n\nBARON: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You call yourself?\n\nL. ADLER: Lou.\n\nBARON: May I call you Lou?\n\nL. ADLER: That's my name. In the Navy, they weren't intelligent enough to write\nmy name proper, so we changed it. It's been that ever since.\n\nBARON: I was going to ask you when you changed your name. Where and when were\nyou born?\n\nL. ADLER: May 7, 1926.\n\nBARON: Can you spell the name of this town you were born in? Was it a town?\n\nL. ADLER: It was a [unintelligible; 17:52]. No, it was a shtetl. That's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the only\nway I can really say it. Edelfingen, E-D-E-L-F-I-N-G-E-N. It was a little shtetl\noutside of Bad Mergentheim, which was a [unintelligible; 18:19] That's where we\nwent to school later on, but most of the Jewish people lived in the shtetl where\nmy father was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Machengetreider [German: make grain], which means corn and\nfarmers co-op. Most of the other Jews were Viehhandler [German], cattle dealers,\nand a slaughterhouse. It was a very nice Jewish community. I believe at that\ntime--in 1934 or 1935--there were more Jews than goyim in the village, in the shtetl.\n\nBARON: Was this on the northern part of Germany?\n\nL. ADLER: Schwarzwald [German: Black Forest].\n\nBARON: Where was it exactly?\n\nL. ADLER: In the [German state of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Baden-Wurttemberg].\n\nBARON: How far were you from Berlin?\n\nL. ADLER: Quite a ways. Berlin is near the Polish border, while Bad Mergentheim\nis towards Switzerland's border.\n\nBARON: Tell us a little bit about what it was like growing up in in that part of\nGermany. You already mentioned a little bit about your parents, but what was it\nlike for you as a child, going to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"school? Did you go to a cheder? Tell us a\nlittle bit about what it was like growing up in Germany before the Nazis came\ninto power.\n\nL. ADLER: Before the Nazis came into power, I had a very wonderful life. I don't\nknow if we were wealthy [and] I don't know if we were poor, because it was the\ndepression. But I didn't know about it, because we had barns, and we had cellars\nwith wine kegs, and we had a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"home, and we had a home in the back of our home,\nwhatever business was done. We had a place for when Jewish people came from the\nEast, where they could wash, and change their clothes, and give them soup, and\nso on before they go out on their way. That was my lifestyle. I also remember as\na child, sitting on a of a bench with some of the more educated Jewish people\nfor cheder. Do you know what that means? I don't know, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but 'learned.' I came\nfrom [an] Orthodox family. Moses Adler had a big name on the front of our house\n[that said] 'Machengetreider.' When the Nazis came walking through the village,\nbecause there was a woodshop, like a tower next door, they would always point\nlike that. That I remember as a child, [they would say], \"Moses!\" I thought, I\nsaid, \"Hey, my grandfather must have been famous!\" I didn't know the difference\nwhen those ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hoodlums walked through the village where I was born. I remember good\ntimes early in the morning, for instance, on our orchards, when I would get up\non the hay, and would go out with our people that work for us in the acreage\nthat we had, and picking apples, and all of that. I had a good life until 1933.\nIn 1933, I was starting in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Volksschule [German: elementary school], which\nwas a regular school and was abendliche [German: in the evening]. I remember\nthat my friend who sat next to me had one of these pieces where you had your\npens, and fountain pens, and all of that in there, but it had a big swastika on\ntop of it. I went home one day and told my father I wanted one of those things.\nIt looked good to me. My father had to sit me down--at that time I was six or\nseven years old--and said to me, \"You ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cannot have that.\" Then, he sat me down\n[and said] the one thing that I was not allowed--even though, I was the only\nblond boy in my class--that I was not allowed to raise my hand to Hitler. That\nwas forbidden. Also, I remember when--he was at that time a councilman--he went\nto the inspector of the schools in Germany, because he had an [unintelligible;\n22:28] educated. They picked [elected] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him on that. He got permission in the\nearly thirties, the Jewish children did not have to go and raise their hands in\nthat village.\n\nBARON: Was there antisemitism before 1933?\n\nL. ADLER: There was always antisemitism in in the shtetls. I don't know that any\ndifferent because I remember that the chickens that used to go in someone else's\nyard or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so on, they would call, \"The Jewish chickens! Get out!\" and stupid\nthings. Or, my dog that I grew up with, he was 'the Adler Jew dog.' That I took\nfor granted. I didn't know any different. I left when I was 12 years old, so\nwhat did I know?\n\nBARON: At that age, I think you can maintain . . .\n\nL. ADLER: I remember.\n\nBARON: If you can, tell me a little bit about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what life was like under the Nazi\noccupation, because they came in [to power] in 1933. Now, when did you leave?\n\nL. ADLER: I left Germany January 4, 1939. I was still in [Germany during] the\nKristallnacht. We had to escape. I do remember about the Kristallnacht the\nfollowing: that one of the Gestapo came to me because I was one of the few\nJewish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"boys to go and collect money--if I remember right, it was 50 marks--to go\nto the Jewish homes because the men all got arrested. They had to meet on the\nend of the street of the Judenstrasse [German: Jewish street], a little strasse\n[German: street]. One thing that I will never forget in my life is that there\nwere certain Jewish families that were poor. Without having to say anything, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I\nremember a family, Schloss and some other families who gave double of what\nthey're supposed to have for their men, so I could give it to the other party.\nThat stayed with me. It taught me something.\n\nBARON: Tell me a little bit about your family growing up. Brothers, sisters,\naunts, uncles? How big was your immediate family? Were they mostly living in\nthat small ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"town?\n\nL. ADLER: No, my father . . . In that particular storehouse, my father lived in\nit. His father, Moses Adler lived in it. Samuel Adler lived in it. It went back\nto the year 1600 when somebody came over there and worked as some Graf [German:\ncount or earl], at a Juden bank, or something, I don't know. I never could\nunderstand that part. I wasn't interest in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it, but it goes way back, the Adlers\nin that particular area. I do have a sister. I did have a brother, older, the\nfirst born, that I never knew. My sister also been to the [unintelligible;\n25:48] Schule [German: school], but was kicked out just like me after a certain\ntime. Then, she went to a Katholich [German: Catholic] institute, like a\nfinishing school, next door, which was Bad ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mergentheim.\n\nBARON: Was your sister younger or older?\n\nL. ADLER: My sister's four years older.\n\nBARON: Four years older, so she understood pretty much what was going on at the time.\n\nL. ADLER: Yes, I would say so.\n\nBARON: You said you left Germany in 1939. How were you lucky enough and how did\nyou all get away? Did you go as a family? Everyone left?\n\nL. ADLER: I was the only one of the family that left, for the simple ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reason,\nwhen my father was in Dachau, my mother arranged for me to go by a children\ntransport to Cologne [Germany] and from, there being picked up. As it happened,\nI was picked up in Cologne to go to Holland. In Holland, I went to Eindhoven.\nThe Philips Company, who [had] their headquarters in Eindhoven, gave us ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the\nDommelhuis, which was like an executive building, where the executives for the\ndifferent parts of the world would stay while they are on business in that\nparticular town. I stayed there. At first, we had some classes, and me being one\nof the younger ones, they picked on me to let me go to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"school. After, I got\nlessons for Mrs. Klajdenkoper [sp] she taught me some Dutch. Then, I went to a\nlocal school where I did well.\n\nBARON: Where did you live when you got to Holland?\n\nL. ADLER: In the Dommelhuis, which was a hostel.\n\nBARON: Were there many other German children there? I gather you only spoke German.\n\nL. ADLER: There were all German children, boys. It was strictly a boy's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hostel.\n\nBARON: In Holland, I know the main language is Dutch.\n\nL. ADLER: Yes.\n\nBARON: Did you have to learn or did you in your school study when you went to\nschool? You were, what?\n\nL. ADLER: I was 12 years old.\n\nBARON: You were 12 years old.\n\nL. ADLER: I caught on to it. I don't know how or why, because I can't speak it\nnow. I went to school and I had no problem. I was set back maybe a half a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"year.\nA half a year afterwards, they promoted me to a more or less private school.\nWhen it was closed up--the Dommelhuis--I was transferred to\nBurgerweeshuis--which is a weeshuis [Dutch], orphan's home, in Amsterdam--which\nwas about five or six months before the invasion of Holland and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"France. When I\nwas over in there, I was picked to go to school there for some reason or other.\nI went to school until the last day. Even so, we were told not to go to school,\nthat the people would get hold of us and so on. There were seven boys, two\ngirls, nine altogether. We said, \"We will not register when the Nazis come ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in.\"\nEven so, the Dutch already were well prepared for that. We did not register.\nWhat can I say?\n\nBARON: Where was your sister at this time? How come she was not with you?\n\nL. ADLER: With my parents.\n\nBARON: She stayed behind?\n\nL. ADLER: She could not stay in the village, but she was in the next town, Bad Mergentheim.\n\nBARON: How did you find out, or what did you find out, about what happened to\nyour family? You knew that your father ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was in Dachau.\n\nL. ADLER: Yes, but he was released. While he was in Dachau, he was very\nfortunate in one way. Number one, he met some kind of fraternity brother from\nhis olden days who made like this to him \u003cholds index finger up in front of\nclosed lips\u003e From that day on, he had the homosexuals marching up and down and\nso on. He had a much better life while he was there.\n\nBARON: Do you know how ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"long . . .\n\nL. ADLER: He came home . . . I don't remember the date, but I know I was still\nin Germany, before January four, he came home shortly before from Dachau.\n\nBARON: What happened to your mother and your sister?\n\nL. ADLER: Traveling.\n\nBARON: Did they survive the Holocaust?\n\nL. ADLER: Yes.\n\nBARON: They did survive?\n\nL. ADLER: Yes.\n\nBARON: Where did they go after the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"war?\n\nL. ADLER: My mother had orders to leave trucks and keys in the locks where we\nhad the business of flour and salt. All this stuff apparently went to the\nWinterhilfe [German: winter help]. Hitler started a wartime Winterhilfe. All of\nour stuff, even our home and everything--the keys were in the locks--they came\nin with hatchets. That I do remember. Even so, I wasn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there. I was downstairs\nin the street. What do I know? I was 12 years old.\n\nBARON: Talking about 12 years old, that is close to where most Jewish children\nhave their bar mitzvah. Did you have any Hebrew education while you were in\nHolland in the hostel? Did you prepare or did you have bar mitzvah?\n\nL. ADLER: I had a bar mitzvah. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I do remember the rabbi. I do remember who was\ntrying to teach me. In Germany, in January, my bar mitzvah was supposed to be in\nMay. I definitely have . . . That was the last thing in our mind, of having to\nworry about my bar mitzvah. I do remember my mother made me a tefillin sack. I\nstill have that. I took that with me while I traveled.\n\nBARON: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When you were in Holland, how long did you remain in that area in Holland?\n\nL. ADLER: Until they came down through the sky, the Germans.\n\nBARON: Then, you went from there, to where?\n\nL. ADLER: From there, to Ijmuiden [Netherlands].\n\nBARON: You were still alone?\n\nL. ADLER: No, I was in the hostel.\n\nBARON: Yes, but you were with a group of children?\n\nL. ADLER: With a group.\n\nBARON: With a group of children together as a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kindertransport?\n\nL. ADLER: Yes.\n\nBARON: You went from there to?\n\nL. ADLER: England. [In] Ijmuiden [Netherlands], a town, we cleared out the ship,\nand we made our crew. From there, we went out to sea.\n\nBARON: Who assisted you and the group? I'm assuming it took money to survive, to\ngo to England. How did you manage all that?\n\nL. ADLER: Good ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"question. Mrs. [Gerrtruida] Wijsmuller . . . from the government\nof Holland. She was also a worker for the International Red Cross. Her name is\nin Washington, D.C. [as a] Honorary Gentile. She saved us.\n\nBARON: She is then considered a righteous among the Gentiles?\n\nL. ADLER: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is correct.\n\nBARON: She helped you. Did she also arrange . . .\n\nL. ADLER: The busses.\n\nBARON: . . . and the passes to go to England?\n\nL. ADLER: There were no passes. There was no such thing. We were all stateless\n[without citizenship in any country], period.\n\nBARON: Right.\n\nL. ADLER: That's German Jewish children, Polish Jewish children, two or three\nHungarian Jewish children. I think one Danish from a mixed marriage somehow got\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"involved with us. She arranged through the International Red Cross, with some of\nour children's knowledge, to the busses, to get us in there and to Ijmuiden. In\nIjmuiden, we were the last the last transport out ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Holland before it was\ncompletely [occupied]. Before that, they already had German or Dutch with a\nHakenkreuz [German: swastika] in front of our doors, that we were restricted. We\nwere not allowed to go in or out.\n\nBARON: The Hakenkreuz is the swastika?\n\nL. ADLER: That's correct.\n\nBARON: When you went to . . . We are leaving Holland and you are in England.\nWhere did you reside in England?\n\nL. ADLER: We landed in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Liverpool and the International Red Cross and Jewish\ncommunity fed us because we were starved. All we had was, I think flour. But we\ncouldn't really cook. We were starving for eight, nine days. We couldn't cook\nbecause we had Germans ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bombarding the boat also, so we could not stay up on top.\nWe had to be down on the bottom.\n\nBARON: After you landed in Liverpool, do you remember where they took the group,\nto what city in England?\n\nL. ADLER: Yes, we were in Liverpool two days, sleeping on straw in a . . . by\nthe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pier on straw. We got some milk and that's the worst thing that could have\nhappened, because we were all sick from not eating proper or anything. From\nthere, we were going to Wigan. Wigan was a little town not far from Manchester,\nbetween Liverpool and Manchester. There was a parish and they were very\nfantastic ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gentiles [non-Jews; usually Christians]. They took care of us. I have\nto point out, it was not the Jewish community that took care of us. It was good\ngentile people.\n\nBARON: That is nice to know. How long did you stay in England?\n\nL. ADLER: Four and a half years.\n\nBARON: You went to school then, I am assuming, in England?\n\nL. ADLER: When I went to England, I had schooling until I was 14 ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years old.\nThen, they kicked me out because that's how long in England you go to a regular\ngrammar school. They gave me a job. The job was in a wine handler, bottling\nwine. That's when my eyes opened up and I realized what life is all about,\nbecause half of them were drunk that worked in that in that cellar.\n\nBARON: It was not good?\n\nL. ADLER: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was not a bad job, because I was a messenger boy. I would pick up\nfish and chips, and food, and all of that. But, I hated it in a way that I\ndidn't know any of that part of life. I was overprotected, maybe. I don't know.\n\nBARON: You grew up speaking German at home?\n\nL. ADLER: Yes.\n\nBARON: Then, you went to Holland and you learned . . .\n\nL. ADLER: Dutch.\n\nBARON: Some Dutch. Now, you are going to another ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"country with a totally new\nlanguage. Was it easy?\n\nL. ADLER: Yes.\n\nBARON: It is a challenge usually, but was it easy for you to switch now into English?\n\nL. ADLER: Yes.\n\nBARON: You went to . . .\n\nL. ADLER: Because when I when I was kicked out of the German school, I went to a\nJewish school next door in Bad Mergentheim. We were allowed to use the train. We\nwere restricted, [but] there were two trains in that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"particular way for Jews,\nfor Juden [German: Jews], and other students and so on that went to the real\ngymnasium [German secondary school] at that time. They were in different . . .\nWe were divided, but in the Jewish school, we learned English. We had classes in\nEnglish. We couldn't speak English, but we had classes in English. I had no problem.\n\nBARON: How did you . . . Now you were going to another country. From there . . .\n\nL. ADLER: To ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"England.\n\nBARON: . . . United States? From England you went to where?\n\nL. ADLER: In England, I found myself a job, because I was not satisfied with\nwhat I was. I loved what I was doing and that was cabinet making. I loved\ncabinet making and I did that while I went to school at nights. I started in\nengineering and architecture. I passed my test on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that, so I was allowed to go\nto College of Technology [at] Manchester University. From there . . . In the\nhostel where I stayed, that was not Orthodox. When my family found out in the\nUnited States, where I have relatives, they almost forced me--that's the only\nway, because I did not want to leave--to go into an Orthodox ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hostel in\nManchester, [in the northwestern area called] Salford. I also changed jobs\nbecause at that time during the war, you worked on Shabbos. I worked for the\nBlond family [who owned a textile factory in Manchester]--mispoche [Yiddish:\nfamily] of Howard Laski, a member of Parliament, and all that. I went as a\nmaintenance man because they were doing machines and sewing machines. I changed\na belt. I became a maintenance man down in the factory. When the family found\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out that they have a refugee boy, a Jewish fella there, Mrs. Blond wanted me to\nwork up in the in the office, in accounting. I definitely hated accounting. I\nwanted to work with my hands. I went back there, but I made a compromise with\nher that I would go to school. I only worked for Blunt family until a certain\ntime and then would go to college for technology because ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that would save my\nlife. She made me become an architect [unintelligible; 41:40]. I was in touch\nwith her a few years ago when I was in in London trying to pick up some paper\nwork for my son, who is a rabbi in Hartford [Connecticut]. The Rabbinat [Hebrew:\nwife of rabbi] over there wrote a letter to her. She was already in her late\nyears. She called back and she said she remembered me, blah, blah, blah. We had\na wonderful relationship by letters.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BARON: In Manchester, England, was there a large Jewish community?\n\nL. ADLER: Yes, there was Sephardic and Ashkenazi, and it was quite well divided.\nThe thing that I felt very comfortable with was not the Ashkenazi that I am, but\nthe Sephardic Jews. I'm not trying to be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"picky or anything. The other Jews who\nreally could have done more for us. What the Sephardic Jews did for us when we\nneeded clothes, or when we needed this, or when needed . . . they were available.\n\nBARON: Why do you think that?\n\nL. ADLER: I have no idea. But I do remember when I went . . . I shouldn't say\nthat. I went to a synagogue where I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thought I would be comfortable with, similar\nto what it was in Germany. I never felt at home. I was what they would call 'the\nrefugee.' That's what I was until the day I left.\n\nBARON: When did you decide to leave England for the United States?\n\nL. ADLER: I left England for the United ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"States. My parents came right before\nJapan declared war [on the United States], from Germany. My father had . . .\nWhat can I say? [unintelligible; 43:40]. Hitler and Stalin had a pact at that\nparticular time. My father came out, went to Hamburg [Germany], got some\npaperwork from the Japanese [who were allied with Germany in World War II]. They\ntraveled, left everything in Germany as it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was. [They could take] just a\nsuitcase, I understand, from my mother. They went to Poland, from Poland to\nRussia, from Russia with the Siberian Railroad all the way to Japan. [They\ntravelled to the U.S. aboard the] Nittu Mara--[which] was a first-class\nthing--to San Francisco [California]. In San Francisco, the money ran out. They\nthought they had plenty of money and that. As my father once said, that's the\nonly thing he had and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's what saved his life. He had to send telegrams to\nNew York, to his brother and fraternity people that he went to school with to\nsend the money to San Francisco by Western Union, so my father, my mother, my\nsister could go by bus to New York.\n\nBARON: Fortunately, your parents and your sisters survived the war.\n\nL. ADLER: Yes.\n\nBARON: How did you meet or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how did you know they were alive? How did they know\nwhere to find you?\n\nL. ADLER: There was a time where they did not know if I was under the Germans\nagain in Holland or not. The one way of doing it . . . At that time, my\ngrandfather was still in Frankfurt in a home. Through the Red Cross, he could\ncommunicate with me and I could communicate with him through the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"German Red\nCross. America was not in the war, so he could write from there to the United\nStates that I was free and clear, that I had the sechel [Yiddish: common sense],\nas he would call it, to not register in Holland. That's how my parents found out\nthat I was in England.\n\nBARON: What year did you and your parents made contact? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Do you remember?\n\nL. ADLER: Sure, 1944.\n\nBARON: The war was still going on?\n\nL. ADLER: The war was still going on. I came here to . . . Congressman\nJavits--then senator of New York--he was very friendly with my father, [who]\nworked in the garment district in New York. My father used to collect United\nJewish appeal. He made arrangements, basically, for my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"father to come to\nWashington, D.C., to be interviewed. I came here as a stateless person with no\npapers, to the United States with the idea of serving the United States naval intelligence.\n\nBARON: How did you get from England to the United States?\n\nL. ADLER: From England to the United States was [through] a Jewish refugee's\ncommunity. They took care of us while in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holland. Most of us had to work and a\nfew of us were allowed to go to school for higher education. Between the HIAS\nand an uncle of mine in Louisville, Kentucky, there was enough money to get me over.\n\nBARON: Did you come over by ship or by flight?\n\nL. ADLER: There was no plane, no.\n\nBARON: There were no planes at that time.\n\nL. ADLER: No.\n\nBARON: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How did you get from England to the United States?\n\nL. ADLER: War convoy. Actually, what happened was the United States at that time\nalready was giving help to England. It was really a scrap metal. I don't know\nwhat they carried.\n\nBARON: At that time, at least in 1944, were there not German submarines?\n\nL. ADLER: All over place.\n\nBARON: All over the place, but that ship managed to get through?\n\nL. ADLER: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That ship was under heavy protection because we had State Department\npeople on it.\n\nBARON: This was an American ship?\n\nL. ADLER: That was an American ship.\n\nBARON: You landed where in the United States?\n\nL. ADLER: Pier 92 in New York. Do I ever remember, yes. That's the first time I\nthink I thought I saw an orange or a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"banana. They even asked me, which one do I want?\n\nBARON: We will get then to your life . . .\n\nEINSTEIN: Which one did you take?\n\nL. ADLER: Orange. I'd never seen one in England.\n\nBARON: Then, when you got to the United States, thankfully ,you were . . . I\nguess at that time you felt probably a little safer than anywhere else. Did you\nthen meet ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with your parents?\n\nL. ADLER: I was interviewed by the FBI [Federal Bureau of Investigations]. I was\nthe second one off the boat and was driven by a HIAS [representative] to a HIAS\non Lafayette Street in New York. I was given something to eat, and, maybe 15\nminutes after, my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"father stood in the doorway.\n\nBARON: That was some reunion, I am sure, for you and your father, especially for\nyour father. Did you grow up in the New York area?\n\nL. ADLER: Yes.\n\nBARON: You mentioned earlier that you were in the U.S. . . .\n\nL. ADLER: I went . . . The second day after I came to the United States, the FBI\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"naturally was interviewing my parents if I was so-and-so, on that, and I was\ninvestigated. The day after that . . . same afternoon, as a matter of fact . . .\nThe second day, my mother gave me a quarter and she showed me where the subway\nwas. At that time, it was a nickel. I went downtown and I had an idea of where\nthe stoppage of places where. I was told where to get off and I found me a job.\nI went to need Nedick's and I spent ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"$0.10 for a drink and something to eat. The\nother nickel, I went back home. That's how I started.\n\nBARON: You started with a hot dog.\n\nL. ADLER: I didn't eat a hot dog, no.\n\nBARON: You mentioned earlier that you were in the U.S. Navy or Naval Intelligence?\n\nL. ADLER: At that time, it was called special assignment. That's what I was\nenlisted ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"under.\n\nBARON: Did you remain in New York at all with your parents? Did you finish\nschool in the United States?\n\nL. ADLER: I came on Pesach. I was for about nine weeks with my parents before\nthe Navy called me.\n\nBARON: Pesach, I believe, was April 6th in 1944.\n\nL. ADLER: Something like that.\n\nBARON: You settled in New York?\n\nL. ADLER: With my parents. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My sister worked in the factory.\n\nBARON: You were together as a family?\n\nL. ADLER: No, we were not. My parents only could afford to buy an apartment just\nbefore I came to America. My father worked in the Jewish Home in Brooklyn. My\nsister worked for Gottesman [sp], because she knew the languages from Europe,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"taking care of children. My mother was a cook or a maid for the Swiss family.\nWhat was the name of Wall Street? Do you remember the name? The Guggenheim\nfamily. Mrs. Guggenheim and my mother went to finishing school in Nuremberg\n[Germany] when they were children.\n\nBARON: Is that the famous Guggenheim Museum family?\n\nL. ADLER: That's right, yes.\n\nBARON: I am not sure they emigrated from Germany.\n\nL. ADLER: They did not immigrate at all. They had a beautiful estate. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In\nSwitzerland, he was very wealthy and had a lot of properties. She was the nurse\nto Mr. Guggenheim. That's how she became [part of] that family. She, Mrs.\nGuggenheim, and my mother were very friendly, all their lives. It was not just a\njob. It was like a companion.\n\nBARON: When did you meet your future ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wife?\n\nL. ADLER: When I was breaking up with another girlfriend. I got mad at the girl\nI was going with, and refused to take her out, and I asked my wife for the date\nto go with me to the hockey game because I was crazy about that game in New York.\n\nBARON: You still like hockey? Do you still follow it?\n\nL. ADLER: I don't follow it anymore, but I did follow it a little bit while I\nhad a team here in Atlanta.\n\nBARON: You met in New ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"York. Were you married in New York?\n\nL. ADLER: We were married in New York. She was one of the few girls in New\nYork--I want to bring that out--who was satisfied with just taking a walk with\nme, because I was so very poor. I was going to school and worked. I didn't have\nanything except $20, I think. What did the government give you? Sixty-five\ndollars a month while I went to college. It was a very different ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lifestyle.\n\nBARON: You finished your schooling there in New York?\n\nL. ADLER: Yes.\n\nBARON: What did you finish with? Architecture?\n\nL. ADLER: Architecture, yes.\n\nBARON: Were you still interested in cabinetry or . . .\n\nL. ADLER: Always will be.\n\nBARON: . . . interested in building homes?\n\nL. ADLER: Not houses; strictly commercial interiors.\n\nBARON: You were married what year?\n\nL. ADLER: 1952.\n\nBARON: 1952.\n\nL. ADLER: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I couldn't afford to be married before. I couldn't afford it then either.\n\nBARON: You remained in New York how long as a married couple?\n\nL. ADLER: From 1952 . . . We moved about, what, three years . . . For seven years?\n\nE. ADLER: 1957.\n\nL. ADLER: Nineteen fifty-two to Connecticut. I was in business with two other\npartners. We had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"two children and I wanted them to have grass, and good\nschooling, and so on. I knew life for me in an apartment, that wasn't it.\n\nBARON: What year did you . . . This was 1952?\n\nL. ADLER: I was married in 1952.\n\nBARON: Then, when did you move to Connecticut?\n\nL. ADLER: That was what, year? 1957.\n\nBARON: At that time, you had two children. Was this boys or girls?\n\nL. ADLER: I have boys.\n\nBARON: You have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"two boys.\n\nL. ADLER: Three boys.\n\nBARON: You have three boys. And the third one was born . . .\n\nL. ADLER: In Atlanta.\n\nBARON: Speaking of Atlanta . . . You had a business and you were living, I am\nimagining, comfortably in Connecticut. What made you choose or decide to come to Atlanta?\n\nL. ADLER: In Connecticut, I worked in store ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fixtures. Basically, that was the\nbusiness. I used to go to shows once or twice a year. Over there, I met a fairly\ngood account because I was sales manager at that time, I had all of the salesmen\nunder me already in [unintelligible; 56:20] mostly. They wanted me. I said,\n\"No,\" and this and that. Finally, I had a deal going ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of I had to work for him\nand he had to be happy with me and the other way around. His wife invited us for\na weekend to Atlanta and apparently Bill Felton's [William Felton; 1904-1999]\nwife, Goldie [Augusta Goldman Felton; 1915-2009], had talked my wife into . . .\nLenox Square was being built. I told her that I cannot leave yet because we had\nalready a crew ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"set, and so on. But I went for another interview. They wanted to\nmeet her. They invited us for a week. That's how I came to Atlanta.\n\nBARON: What year was this?\n\nL. ADLER: 1963.\n\nBARON: [In] 1963 . . . Atlanta at that time was just about a stetl.\n\nL. ADLER: They did not have [Interstate] 285; they did not have [Interstate] 85;\nthey had not finished [Interstate] 75. We had 32 ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"salesmen here in Atlanta. I had\nto travel. If I couldn't get there by car . . . I had to go through East Point\nand all through private streets to get to the old airport at that time, to meet\nour . . . because I had, I would say, 30 percent traveling with the man,\nespecially in the beginning.\n\nBARON: Which part of Atlanta did you settle in?\n\nL. ADLER: I didn't have a choice because the company I was with more or less\ntold me where I could ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"live.\n\nBARON: Growing up, you mentioned that you grew up in an Orthodox family.\n\nL. ADLER: Yes.\n\nBARON: Were you able to keep your traditions, religion through the war? What\nhappened to your beliefs? Did the experiences during this difficult time make\nany changes or impact your life?\n\nL. ADLER: I believe it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did. With a lot of people in my situation and friends of\nmine, they have lost a lot of the Yiddishkeit. I believe that on account of my\nupbringing that I became stronger by it. I carried my tefillin throughout my\nwanderlust [German: from Holland. My parents sent my tefillin and so on. I had\nthat with me continuously. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That does not only go from in Holland, where I was\nbar mitvahed, or in England, where I sat twice a week for cheder--Jewish\nlearning--and on Shabbos, I did three times. When I came to the United States,\nthere's only one thing I said to my wife that I will marry her, but that's one\ncondition that she has to keep: that is a kosher home to bring my children ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up\nwith Yiddishkeit. In this house, you don't have to be formal. We had--from when\nwe moved in here and my oldest son went to Baltimore [Maryland] with Ilan\nFeldman, and so on, and all of these guys--anybody who came to Atlanta, always\ncame with a sleeping bag. They always slept here in this ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"house.\n\nBARON: That is what I want to ask you--about your son who is a rabbi. I want to\nget into all of that.\n\nEINSTEIN: Yes. The one thing I was wondering is about . . . [is] the point where\nyou saw your father for the first time. You were such a little kid when you\nleft, and all of a sudden, you are almost a man.\n\nL. ADLER: I was 17 years old.\n\nEINSTEIN: How did that . . .\n\nL. ADLER: He couldn't talk. All I know how to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do is put the arm around them. He\nwas a small man, very educated. I would say probably half of the children that\nwent in the German Wehrmacht [Nazi Germany's armed forces], where he was an\nofficer's candidate in the First World War, he taught them to pass their exams.\n\nEINSTEIN: Your mother . . . When did you see your mother and what did she think\nof her kid being all grown ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up?\n\nL. ADLER: She was washing windows when we came out of the taxi and all she would\nsay was, \"Ich habe ein braucht junge.\" In German, that means, \"Oh, have I got a\ngood looking boy,\" or something like that. My parents, themselves, did not\nreally know how to react in the first day. The reaction came when they both came\nthat ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first night to kiss me when I was in bed. That I remember.\n\nEINSTEIN: Was it difficult for you? You had been so independent for so long and\nyou had been on your own. How did you fit back into the family structure?\n\nL. ADLER: Did I or didn't I?\n\nEINSTEIN: Yes.\n\nL. ADLER: I really don't know. I had the feeling of being their son, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I felt\nin the first day or two, probably very cold towards them. My father made a\nremark that if I can open up. A friend of his who was a doctor--I don't know of\nwhat, but they were always playing cards together--asked me too, when I went to\nsynagogue, if I could open up to my parents. I said, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"No.\" I remember that.\n\nEINSTEIN: Do you know why?\n\nL. ADLER: No.\n\nBARON: Were you ever angry that they sent you away?\n\nL. ADLER: I . . . really, it took me a while to assimilate with my . . . I think\nthe biggest help was my sister; not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my parents. My sister would stay up until\nthe newspaper came, and we would go, and read the paper together in the\nevenings, and things like that. I could talk to my sister more of what went on\ninside of me than my father and mother. My mother really did not recuperate from\nwhat she went through.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BARON: Now that you are both together, tell us a little bit about your life in\nAtlanta. You came here, you mentioned, in 1963. Is that correct?\n\nL. ADLER: That's correct.\n\nE. ADLER: That's right.\n\nBARON: Tell us a little bit about where you settled. Did you have any children\nsince you were here? How did you bring them up and so on?\n\nE. ADLER: When we moved here, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was seven months pregnant and we gave birth to\nour third son in October of 1963. We lived in a townhouse on Briarcliff Road\nuntil we found this house here. The children went to Briar Vista Elementary\nSchool and then to Oak Grove when we moved up here. They went to Beth Jacob\nHebrew ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"School. At that time, I think it was down on University Avenue. What\nelse? When our oldest son became born bar mitzvahed, he was taught by a rabbi\nwho influenced his life. The following summer, we went up to Baltimore to look\nat a yeshiva because he wanted to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go to become a rabbi. He was in Baltimore for\none year and then transferred to Memphis. In Memphis, he got his . . .\n\nBARON: Smicha.\n\nE. ADLER: His smicha.\n\nBARON: Can you explain what that is?\n\nL. ADLER: The basic smicha is ordination to be a rabbi. Then he taught ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"school in\nthe Hebrew school and became very active. Rabbi [Mier] Belsky was the\nheadmaster. Rabbi Belsky only ordained his own son, my son, and I think, one\nother person. After that, he went to college over there.\n\nE. ADLER: At Memphis State.\n\nL. ADLER: At Memphis State and so on. He became more advanced. He also ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"became\nadvanced in the rabbinate. There are different kinds of smichot. He has the\nhighest smicha. He went to become a congregational rabbi. That's what he's\nstudied for.\n\nBARON: His first congregation was where?\n\nE. ADLER: His first congregation was in Chattanooga. The synagogue that had been\nbombed was rebuilt. He was the first ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rabbi in the new synagogue.\n\nBARON: In Chattanooga, Tennessee?\n\nE. ADLER: In Chattanooga.\n\nBARON: From there, where did he go?\n\nE. ADLER: Jacksonville [Florida]. He was in Jacksonville for 11 years. He's now\nfive years in West Hartford [Connecticut]. The reason they moved to Connecticut\nis for their children's education.\n\nL. ADLER: They loved Florida, where he was.\n\nBARON: When you first came to Atlanta and you settled here, how did ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you find or\nhow did you fit into the community? How did you make friends? I am sure you\njoined a synagogue. How were you received by local jewelry at that time?\n\nE. ADLER: We joined Beth Jacobs synagogue because it was closest to where we\nlived, and because it was Orthodox, and we were more or less Orthodox at the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time. We still are. Emanuel Feldman, who was the rabbi at that time, was just\nwonderful. We made many friends in synagogue, and naturally, children help you\nmake friends.\n\nBARON: You ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have three children, three boys.\n\nL. ADLER: Three boys.\n\nBARON: We learned about the one who eventually and today is the rabbi. What\nhappened to your other two sons? What are they doing and where are they?\n\nE. ADLER: Both David and Stuart, luckily, live here in Atlanta. David is a risk\nmanager and Stuart is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an architect. All three of our children have three\nchildren, so we are blessed with nine wonderful grandchildren.\n\nBARON: I am sure you are delighted. Your boys, you said they are all living here\nin Atlanta?\n\nE. ADLER: Two of them.\n\nBARON: Growing up they . . . of course, being born in the States, they knew the\nlanguage immediately. I am trying to . . .\n\nL. ADLER: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You made a remark before that I believe our children were brought up\ndifferent from the average American Jewish family. Yes, they were. They also\nwere conscious as they grew up of who the father and mother were, or are. Number\none, none of my children ever played with a war toy, or \"bang, bang,\" or tanks,\nor things. I was against that very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much, and I always will be. The upbringing to\nsome of the Jewish people that I met and also of the goyim, the people who are\nnot Jewish. I had . . .Once, someone to said to me, \"What? You think you are in\nGermany,\" because I said something to one of my children at one time. I didn't\nfeel insulted at all. It made me feel good. Yes, that's the way they look at it.\nThey bring up their children their way and I thought I could bring up my\nchildren my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"way. My children knew who they were from the beginning, which most\nAmerican Jewish children do not.\n\nEINSTEIN: What do you mean by that?\n\nE. ADLER: For instance, at Hanukkah time, they just didn't expect all the gifts\nand toys and games that other children got. We used to tell them, \"Well, if you\nwant to play with them, go to your friend's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"house.\" We just didn't believe in that.\n\nL. ADLER: A plate of cookies they were satisfied with.\n\nBARON: Do you feel that your experiences during the war--we always ask this\nquestion--had an impact on your life and how you were bringing up your children\ndifferently, as you mentioned?\n\nL. ADLER: Definitely, and it still does. I'm 74 years old and I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"still think\ndifferently today. After all this time, and after all my experiences in Europe,\nmy experiences in the United States Navy, my experiences going to schools, my\nexperiences of working, my experience being in business for myself, all the\nethics has a lot to do with Jewish life, how you treat your other people, and\nhow your life is. What we went ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through is not the same as the average American.\nOur thinking patterns [are] different; our living standards are different;\nhelping other people is different. We, as Juden [German], as Jews, do have\nobligations that we, as Jews, filled to capacity, especially in the United\nStates. Yes, a lot ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Jews do it for some reason, and a lot of people do it for\nother reasons. Charity is something that's Yiddishkeit, as an example. It\naffects you from what you went through and what you feel you have to give back.\n\nBARON: I am sure you are proud of your accomplishments, but do you feel that you\nwere able to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"convey these experiences to your children? Were they appreciative\nof what you were trying to teach them about Yiddishkeit, about being a Jew in\nthis in this world?\n\nL. ADLER: I said there's nothing nicer for a person to come to the United\nStates, especially to realize afterwards in life, especially after they are\nretired, that they have to give something back to mankind. If they can do that,\nthen the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yiddishkeit wouldn't be within them. Yesterday . . . [I will] give you\nan example. I'm a counselor with the SBA, Small Business Administration School.\nWhat a wonderful feeling it is. Usually it is a minority that I counsel going\ninto business and loans and so on. When a Jew came into me from Russia or\nSiberia, somewhere in that area, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was capable of helping that person. I\nfelt so great about it after he left. We had a cup of coffee. I brought him into\nthe library, and I showed him a book that I wanted him to read, and so on. There\nis a difference. Your experiences automatically make a difference in your\nlifestyle. Is that a way of saying it? Some people are more towards the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"outside;\nother people are more towards the inside.\n\nBARON: Was there anything else that you would like to add, Edna?\n\nE. ADLER: No, just about the children's upbringing also is that I think when\nthey turned 16, they went to work after school. They had some sort of jobs. We\njust felt that they have to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"appreciate how things . . . living and spending\nmoney, that money has a certain value.\n\nEINSTEIN: Can I ask you one other thing? What did you teach them about being a\nJew in the world, what things that they might be proud of or things they might\nhave to worry about? How did you bring your experiences as refugees into to how\nyou taught them the world?\n\nL. ADLER: I could answer you that by one ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"example. I don't remember exactly how\nold my oldest son was, but as soon as he was out of diapers, he walked with me,\nor I carried him partially from where we lived in New York to our synagogue,\nwhich was [unintelligible; 1:15:20]. It was a German Jewish synagogue from the\npeople that started the synagogue. One of the founders was her father and my\nfather. They took one week's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"salary and gladly put it all in one pot and started\nthe synagogue. I don't think there would be too many American Jews or other\ncountry's Jews who would do that freely. That's item number one. I would take my\nson down the steps into the synagogue and he could still hardly walk up. He sat\non the rabbi's lap and he knew that the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wimpel we had, which a boy after he is\nclean out of diapers, [his] father carries him, and he puts that wimpel around\nthe Torah on the Shabbos, and he gets a blessing from the rabbi. It's a\nbeginning for him that he actually wanted. The child wants, on the Shabbos, to\ngo to synagogue with his father. It was not a matter of saying, \"Hey, got to go.\nYou have to do this.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a matter of wanting to. That is the relationship of\nhow you bring up your children if you want them to be with the Jewish thought,\nand the Jewish thought goes to different levels. My son, my first one especially\nin New York, had that in him, apparently because he loved to go to shul\n[Yiddish: synagogue]. He loved Simchat Torah, to walk around it. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He didn't know\nany different because he went to yeshivas in Connecticut from kindergarten all\nthe way until we moved to Atlanta. There was no doubt in the mind of my children\nof who they were. They never had to question, \"Who am I?\" And they could defend\nthemselves. When they came to Atlanta and went to a goyish school, they knew who\nthey ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are and they could answer back. I don't know too many people, too many kids\ntoday are in that situation. I really don't know. We're missing something. With\nall the money and the development of the Jewish people in Atlanta and all over,\nwe still have something missing.\n\nBARON: I think we want to thank you very much for your story. You are two\nwonderful ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/transcript/39811/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people and you both have a good, long life together and . . .\n\nL. ADLER: Give each other a hard time.\n\nE. ADLER: Thank you.\n\nL. ADLER: I thank you both for taking your time and effort to do [this].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=4680.0,4710.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFrankfurt [German: Frankfurt am Main] is a central German city on the Main River.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn April 25, 1933, the “Law against Overcrowding in Schools and Universities” was issued. It dramatically limited the number of Jewish students attending public schools to no more than 5 percent of the total student population. In 1933, 75 percent of all Jewish students attended public schools in Germany.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAdolf Hitler (1889-1945) was a German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and Führer (“leader”) of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator of Nazi Germany, he initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939 and was a central figure of the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn November 7, 1939, Herschel Grynszpan, a 17-year-old Polish Jew living in Paris, shot German diplomat, Ernst vom Rath in Paris. Grynszpan apparently acted out of despair over the fate of his parents, who are trapped along with other Polish Jewish deportees in a no-man’s-land between Germany and Poland. The Nazis used the shooting as antisemitic propaganda fervor, claiming that Grynszpan was part of a wider Jewish conspiracy. When Vom Rath died two days later, the Nazis used the incidence to fuel violent pogroms. On November 8 and 9, 1938, the Nazis started a state-sponsored nationwide pogrom. Across the country (and in Austria) Jewish synagogues, homes and businesses were looted and burned, Jews were attacked on the streets and 91 were killed. Thousands of Jewish men were sent to concentration camps for several weeks and released only when they agreed to leave the country as soon as possible. The Jews were made to pay for the damages to their premises. The pogrom was called “\u003cem\u003eKristallnacht\u003c/em\u003e,” which means “Night of Broken Glass,” because of all the damage done to Jewish shop windows. Thousands of German Jews and close to 6,000 Austrian Jews were arrested after \u003cem\u003eKristallnacht \u003c/em\u003eand deported to the Dachau or Buchenwald concentration camps in Germany. Most were released within a few weeks, but only if they promised to immigrate immediately, leaving their property behind. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGestapo is an abbreviation of Geheime Staatspolizei, which means “Secret State Police,” the Gestapo was established in 1934 and placed under Heinrich Himmler. With virtually unlimited powers, it was highly feared. The Gestapo acted to oppress and persecute Jews and other opponents of the Nazis, including rounding up Jews throughout Europe for deportation to extermination camps.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBuchenwald was a Nazi concentration camp established on Ettersberg hill near Weimar, Germany, in July 1937. It was one of the first and the largest of the concentration camps within Germany's 1937 borders. Many actual or suspected communists were among the first internees. During World War II, prisoners came from all over Europe and the Soviet Union—Jews, Poles and other Slavs, the mentally ill and physically disabled, political prisoners, Romani people, Freemasons, and prisoners of war. There were also ordinary criminals and sexual \"deviants.\" By the end of World War II, 280,000 prisoners had passed through Buchenwald, 56,545 of whom died there. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSome of the first anti-Jewish measures taken in Germany included a series of laws in 1933, which expelled all “non-Aryans” (defined as anyone with a Jewish parent or grandparent) from civil service, barred Jews from practicing as lawyers or physicians, and restricted Jewish enrollment in German high schools. Initially, exceptions were made for German veterans of World War I and their children. These exceptions reinforced the way many veterans identified themselves—as Germans rather than as Jews—and created a false and short-lived sense of security. Eventually, all German Jews—regardless of their earlier service to their country—were disenfranchised and suffered under the increasing anti-Jewish laws and abuses.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRotterdam is a major port city in the Dutch province of South Holland. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHoboken is a New Jersey city on the Hudson River. During a surge of European immigration from the end of the 19th century and into the first half of the 20th century, 20 million people immigrated to the United States. Almost half of more than twelve million immigrants who passed through the U.S. immigration portal at Ellis Island, docked in Hoboken first. Hoboken became known as “the port of entry to a continent,” in large part because of the major passenger shipping lines that docked here, including Hamburg-America Packet Company, North German Lloyd Steamship Company, Scandinavian-American Line, and Holland America Line.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNazi Germany had been at war with Great Britain and France since invading Poland in September 1939, but little fighting took place until May 1940. On May 10, 1940, Germany attacked the neutral Low Countries (Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg) in order to invade France. Within six weeks, the Low Countries and France had fallen to the Germans.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS) was founded in 1881. Its original purpose was the help the constant flow of Jewish immigrants from Russian in relocating. During and after World War II, they had offices throughout Europe, South and Central America and the Far East. They worked to get Jews out of Europe and to any country that would have them by providing tickets and information about visas. After World War II, they assisted 167,000 Jews to leave DP camps and emigrate elsewhere. Since that time, the organization continues to provide support for refugees of all nationalities, religions, and ethnic origins. The organization works with people whose lives and freedom are believed to be at risk due to war, persecution, or violence. HIAS has offices in the United States and across Latin America, Europe, Africa, and the Middle East. Since its inception, HIAS has helped resettle more than 4.5 million people.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAn Affidavit of Support and Sponsorship was among the criteria applicants seeking an entry visa into the United States during the 1930s and 1940s had to meet. This required two sponsors who were United States citizens or had permanent resident status. Sponsors had to provide proof of their financial status (Federal tax returns and an affidavit from their bank and employer) to ensure that the immigrants would not become dependent upon social welfare programs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eApproximately 125,000 Germans, most of them Jewish, immigrated to the United States between 1933 and 1945. As World War II began, however, immigration became more and more difficult. After Germany annexed Austria in March 1938, the United States had combined the German and Austrian quotas into one “German” quota. Of the 27,370 visas available to Germans, 7,818 went unissued, even though increasing antisemitic persecution made the waiting list grew to over 139,000. In 1939, all of the German visas were issued. After World War II began in September of that year, the waiting list grew to more than 300,000 people, most of the Jewish. In 1940, the German quota was almost filled, but new restrictions were put in place that made it more difficult for Germans to obtain visas. By the summer of 1941, all U.S. consulates in Nazi-occupied territory had been closed. Only German refugees who had already escaped Nazi-occupied territory could obtain visas. When the U.S. officially entered the war in December 1941, Jews trapped in Europe had almost no hope of immigrating.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 1933, more than 26,000 Jews lived in Frankfurt, making the city the second-largest Jewish community in Germany. As soon as the Nazis rose to power in January 1933, the Jews of Frankfurt, like Jews all over Germany, were subjected to discrimination. The city's Jewish mayor was immediately kicked out of office and many Jewish workers were fired from their jobs. The Nazis in Frankfurt began their anti-Jewish boycott earlier than the rest of the country, and continued boycotting Jewish enterprises after the official one-day boycott of April 1, 1933. More and more restrictions were palced on the Jewish community in the following years. On Kristallnacht, the biggest Orthodox and Reform synagogues in Frankfurt were burned to the ground. Many Jews managed to emigrate. Those who remained were eventually deported. By 1945, only 602 Jews remained in Frankfurt.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe largest synagogue in Frankfurt is the Westend Synagogue on Freiherr-vom-Stein-Strasse. The opulent domed synagogue was built between 1908 and 1910. Although badly damaged, the synagogue survived \u003cem\u003eKristallnacht\u003c/em\u003e and the war. The synagogue is still in use today. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eReform Judaism is a division within Judaism, especially in North America and the United Kingdom. Historically it began in the 19th century. In general, the Reform movement maintains that Judaism and Jewish traditions should be modernized and compatible with participation in Western culture. While the Torah remains the law, in Reform Judaism women are included (mixed seating, bat mitzvah, and women rabbis), instrumental music is allowed in the services, and most of the service is in the local language as opposed to Hebrew.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the written Torah and the oral law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays, and more.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSeder\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: order] is a Jewish ritual feast that marks the beginning of the Jewish holiday of Passover. It is conducted on the evening of the fifteenth day of Nisan in the Hebrew calendar throughout the world. Some communities hold \u003cem\u003eseder\u003c/em\u003e on both the first two nights of Passover. The \u003cem\u003eseder\u003c/em\u003e incorporates prayers, candle lighting, and traditional foods symbolizing the slavery of the Jews and the exodus from Egypt. It is one of the most colorful and joyous occasions in Jewish life. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHanukkah\u003c/em\u003e or \u003cem\u003eChanukah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: dedication] is an eight-day festival of lights usually falling around Christmas on the Christian calendar. \u003cem\u003eHanukkah\u003c/em\u003e celebrates the victory of the Maccabees in 165 BCE over the Seleucid rulers of Palestine, who had desecrated the Temple. The Maccabees wanted to re-dedicate the Temple altar to Jewish worship by rekindling the menorah (ritual candelabra) but could only find one small jar of ritually pure olive oil. This oil continued to burn miraculously for eight days, enabling them to prepare new oil. The \u003cem\u003eHanukkah\u003c/em\u003e \u003cem\u003emenorah\u003c/em\u003e, or \u003cem\u003ehanukiah\u003c/em\u003e, with its nine branches, is used to commemorate this miracle by lighting eight candles, one for each day, with the ninth candle. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSukkot\u003c/em\u003e is one of the harvest festivals of Judaism. It is seven days long and comes after the ingathering of the yearly harvest. It celebrates God’s bounty in nature and God’s protection, symbolized by the fragile booths in which the Israelites dwelt in the wilderness. During \u003cem\u003eSukkot\u003c/em\u003e, Jews eat and live in such booths, which gives the festival its name and character. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003elatke\u003c/em\u003e [Yiddish] is a type of potato pancake or fritter in Ashkenazi Jewish cuisine that is traditionally prepared to celebrate \u003cem\u003eHanukkah\u003c/em\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRosh HaShanah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: head of the year] begins the cycle of High Holy Days. It introduces the Ten Days of Penitence, when Jews examine their souls and take stock of their actions. On the tenth day is\u003cem\u003e Yom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e, the Day of Atonement. The tradition is that on \u003cem\u003eRosh HaShanah\u003c/em\u003e, G-d sits in judgment on humanity. Then the fate of every living creature is inscribed in the Book of Life or the Book of Death. Prayer and repentance before the sealing of the books on Yom Kippur may revoke these decisions. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Fuller Brush Company was founded in 1906 by Alfred Fuller. It sells branded and private label products for personal care as well as commercial and household cleaning. Consolidated Foods, now Sara Lee Corporation, acquired Fuller Brush in 1968.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCongregation Ohev Sholom was founded in 1940 in New York City’s Upper West Side by a group of German Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA ‘greenhorn’ is an inexperienced person, and oftentimes refers to newcomers who are unfamiliar with the ways of a place or group. The form “greeny” or “greenie” was also widespread in America.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eInwood is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Manhattan, at the northern tip of Manhattan Island, in the U.S. state of New York. It is bounded by the Hudson River to the west, Spuyten Duyvil Creek and Marble Hill to the north, the Harlem River to the east, and Washington Heights to the south.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e4711 is a traditional German cologne created in 1792 manufactured by Mäurer \u0026amp; Wirtz in Cologne, Germany. The original unisex fragrance was called \u003cem\u003eEcht Kölnisch Wasser \u003c/em\u003eand is still produced today, along with other fragrances by the company. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Yiddish term for town, “\u003cem\u003eshtetl\u003c/em\u003e” commonly refers to small towns or villages in pre–World War II Eastern and Central Europe with a significant Jewish presence that were primarily Yiddish speaking. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEdelfingen is a village in south-central Germany, about 2 miles [3 kilometers] northwest of the spa town of Bad Mergentheim. It is located in the in the region of Baden-Württemberg.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eGoy \u003c/em\u003e(plural: \u003cem\u003egoyim\u003c/em\u003e) is a Yiddish term meaning “people” or “nation.” In common usage, it designates a non-Jewish or Gentile person. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003echeder\u003c/em\u003e is a traditional elementary school teaching the basics of Judaism and the Hebrew language. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The time of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries it started in about 1929, when the American stock market crashed, and lasted until the late 1930s or early 1940s. It was the longest, most widespread, and deepest depression of the twentieth century. The Great Depression is often seen as the major turning point in 20th-century world history. In Europe, World War I had a long-term impact on the economy and financial stability. Postwar inflation spiraled into hyperinflation by the 1920’s and European banks struggled to stay open. Exasperating the situation were skyrocketing unemployment rates. The Great Depression had immediately visible political and social ramifications in Europe, including increased antisemitism and nationalism.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Nazi salute, also called the 'German greeting' by the Nazi Party, 'Hitler greeting,' or ‘\u003cem\u003eSieg Heil\u003c/em\u003e’ salute, is a gesture that was used as a greeting by the German National Socialist (Nazi) party in the 1920s. The greeting later became compulsory in Nazi Germany.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEstablished on March 22, 1933, Dachau was the first concentration camp established by the Nazi regime. It was located in southern Germany near the town of Dachau, about 10 miles northwest of Munich. Over 188,000 prisoners passed through Dachau between 1933 and 1945.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eKindertransport\u003c/em\u003e [German: child transport] is the name given to a series of rescue missions that assisted Jewish children in leaving Nazi-occupied Europe. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFrederik Jacques \"Frits\" Philips (1905-2005) was the fourth chairman of the board of directors of the Dutch electronics company Philips, which his uncle and father founded. For his actions in saving 382 Jews during the Nazi Occupation of the Netherlands in World War II, he was recognized in 1996 by Yad Vashem as a Righteous Among the Nations.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Dommelhuis was built in Eindhoven, Netherlands in 1930 to house young, unmarried male employees of the Philips Company. From January 1939, it was used to house around 150 German Jewish boys. In 1940, it was taken over by the Germans to house pilots. After the war, the building went through a series of different owners before being turned into a hotel and finally taken back over by the Philips Company in 1985. In April 1940, the Dommelhuis was closed down and most of the boys were sent to the Jongenshuis [Dutch: Boys Home] at Westersingel 60 in Rotterdam.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Burgerweehuis was a municipal orphanage that opened in a former monastery in Amsterdam in 1580. In the spring of 1939 until May 1940, it housed around 75 Jewish refugee children along with Dutch orphans. In 1960, the Burgerweeshuis moved to another location within Amsterdam. Since 1975, the building has housed the Amsterdam Historical Museum, now called Amsterdam Museum.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSoon after the Netherlands fell to the Germans, a series of anti-Jewish measures began. In January 1941, all Jews in the Netherlands were required to register themselves as Jews. A total of 159,806 persons registered, including 19,561 persons born of mixed marriages. The total included some 25,000 Jewish refugees from the German Reich. The situation deteriorated quickly, with new regulations and measures issued every month. By September 1941, Jewish students had been expelled from public schools. Despite public protests, Dutch Jews were increasingly driven into social isolation and stripped of their possessions until deportations began in the summer of 1942. Between 1942 and 1944, the Germans and their Dutch collaborators deported 107,000 Jews. Only 5,200 survived. Most were sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau or Sobibor, where they were murdered. Two-thirds of the 25,000-30,000 Dutch Jews who went into hiding managed to survive. In all, less than 25 percent of Dutch Jewry survived the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eWinterhilfswerk des Deutschen Volkes\u003c/em\u003e [winter help for German people], commonly known by its abbreviated form \u003cem\u003eWinterhilfswerk\u003c/em\u003e, was an annual donation drive by the National Socialist People's Welfare to help finance charitable work. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA\u003cem\u003e bar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: son of commandments; plural: \u003cem\u003eb’nai mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e] is a rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day. At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes. He is now duty-bound to keep the commandments, he puts on \u003cem\u003etefillin\u003c/em\u003e, and may be counted to the \u003cem\u003eminyan\u003c/em\u003e quorum for public worship. He celebrates the \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e by being called up to the reading of the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTefillin\u003c/em\u003e, also called “phylacteries,” are a set of small black leather boxes containing scrolls of parchment inscribed with verses from the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e, which are worn by observant Jews during weekday morning prayers. They are worn around the arm, hand and fingers and on the forehead. The \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e commands that they should be worn as a “sign” and “remembrance” that God brought the children of Israel out of Egypt. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIJmuiden is a port city north-western Holland.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe United Kingdom took in nearly 10,000 predominantly Jewish children from Nazi Germany and the occupied territories of Austria, and ex-Czechoslovakia. The children were placed in British foster homes, hostels, and on farms.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeertruida “Truus” Wijsmuller-Meijer (1896-1978) was a non-Jewish Dutch resistance fighter. Together with others, she helped save thousands of Jewish children and adults both before and during the Holocaust. In 1966, Yad Vashem recognized her as Righteous Among the Nations.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLou is referring to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, which opened in Washington D.C. in 1993. The Museum is the United States’ official memorial to the Holocaust. However, the designation of “Righteous Gentiles” or “Righteous Among the Nations” is a title used by Yad Vashem to honor non-Jews who risked their lives and the lives of their families to help save Jews during the Holocaust. Yad Vashem is Israel's official memorial to the victims of the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe last \u003cem\u003eKindertransport\u003c/em\u003e left Holland via IJmuiden on May 14, 1940, the day Holland surrendered to the Wehrmacht. On board, Truus Wijsmuller had placed five busloads of children from the Burgerweeshuis, the municipal orphanage of Amsterdam, and from other homes in the city that had sheltered children from central Europe. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Dutch Nazi party, the\u003cem\u003e Nationaal Socialistische Beweging \u003c/em\u003e(NSB), was founded in 1931. As a parliamentary party participating in legislative elections, the NSB had some success during the 1930s. By 1936, the party became more radical and openly antisemitic. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWigan is a town in England, situated midway between the cities of Manchester and Liverpool.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eShabbat\u003c/em\u003e (Hebrew) or \u003cem\u003eShabbos\u003c/em\u003e (Yiddish) is the Jewish Sabbath and is observed on Saturdays. \u003cem\u003eShabbat\u003c/em\u003e observance entails refraining from work activities and engaging in restful activities to honor the day. \u003cem\u003eShabbat\u003c/em\u003e begins at sundown on Friday night and is ushered in by lighting candles and  reciting a blessing. It is closed the following evening with the recitation of the \u003cem\u003ehavdalah\u003c/em\u003e blessing. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHoward Joseph Laski (1893-1950) was an English Jewish politician and economist.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSephardic Jews are the Jews of Spain, Portugal, North Africa, and the Middle East, and their descendants. The adjective “Sephardic” and corresponding nouns Sephardi (singular) and Sephardim (plural) are derived from the Hebrew word Sepharad, which refers to Spain. Historically, the vernacular language of Sephardic Jews was Ladino, a Romance language derived from Old Spanish, incorporating elements from the old Romance languages of the Iberian Peninsula, Hebrew, Aramaic, and in the lands receiving those who were exiled, Ottoman Turkish, Arabic, Greek, Bulgarian, and Serbo-Croatian vocabulary.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAshkenazi Jews [also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim] are Jews who originally lived in northern and eastern Europe. They once lived in the area of Rhineland and France and after the crusades they moved to Poland, Lithuania and Russia. In the 17th century, avoiding persecution, many Jews moved to and settled in Western Europe. As of 2018, Ashkenazim account for about 75 percent of the world's Jewish population.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact (also known as the Hitler-Stalin Pact and German-Soviet Non-aggression Pact) was a non-aggression pact between Germany and Russia signed August 23, 1939. Russia, which had a treaty with Poland to defend it if it was attacked, reneged in secret. Russia agreed to stand aside if Germany attacked Poland and not declare war on Germany. The pact provided that the two countries would not attack each other, independently or in conjunction with other powers; would not support any third power that might attack the other party to the pact; would remain in consultation with each other with regard to their common interests; would not join any power or group of powers that threatened the other; and would solve all differences between them through negotiation or arbitration. The public pact was accompanied by a secret protocol, reached on the same day, which divided Eastern Europe into German and Soviet spheres of influence. Hitler, knowing that he wasn’t going to have to fight Russia if he invaded Poland, invaded Poland just one week later. The Pact ended on June 22, 1941, when Nazi Germany attacked the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eUntil October 1941, German policy officially encouraged Jewish emigration. However, the cost for Jews to leave Germany was increasingly and prohibitively high in the years leading up to World War II. Most of the German Jews who managed to emigrate after Kristallnacht were completely impoverished by the time they were able to leave. In order to further pay the various taxes and restrictions imposed on Jews leaving Germany and the high cost of emigration, many Jews were forced to sell their real estate, possessions, and other assets for far less than their actual worth. To keep the purchase and sale of Jewish property and assets “legal,” local currency offices policed emigration. German authorities considered Jewish belongings and their financial capital to German property and Jews who emigrated were not allowed to take anything of material value with them. The amount of currency (10 \u003cem\u003eReichmarks\u003c/em\u003e, or about  US $4) and assets Jews were allowed to take out of Germany was also highly restricted. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Western Union Company is an American financial services company, headquartered in Denver, Colorado.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJacob Koppel Javits (1904-1986) was an American lawyer and politician. During his time in politics, he represented the state of New York in both houses of the United States Congress. A member of the Republican Party, he also served as the state's Attorney General.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Garment District, also known as the Garment Center, the Fashion District, or the Fashion Center, is a neighborhood located in the borough of Manhattan in New York City. The dense concentration of fashion-related uses give the neighborhood its name.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe United Jewish Appeal (UJA) was a Jewish philanthropic umbrella organization that collected and distributed funds to Jewish organizations in their community and around the country. UJA existed from 1939 until it was folded into the United Jewish Communities, which was formed from the 1999 merger of United Jewish Appeal (UJA), Council of Jewish Federations, and United Israel Appeal, Inc.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 1921, HIAS bought the former Astor Library at 425 Lafayette Street in Manhattan to serve as a shelter providing housing, kosher kitchens, a small synagogue, classrooms for job training and civics education, a playground, and a weekly bazaar for the thousands of immigrants who passed through the doors each year.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNedick's was an American chain of fast-food restaurants that originated in New York City in 1913. The name of the chain was formed from the last names of Robert T. Neely and Orville A. Dickinson, who founded the chain with the original stand in a hotel storefront of the Bartholdi Hotel at 23rd Street and Broadway in Manhattan. Nedick’s ceased operations in 1981.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePesach \u003c/em\u003e[Hebrew: Passover] is the celebration of Israel’s liberation from Egyptian bondage. The holiday lasts for eight days. Unleavened bread, \u003cem\u003ematzo\u003c/em\u003e, is eaten in memory of the unleavened bread prepared by the Israelites during their hasty flight from Egypt, when they had not time to wait for the dough to rise. On the first two nights of Passover, the \u003cem\u003eseder\u003c/em\u003e, the central event of the holiday, is celebrated. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIrene Rothschild Guggenheim (1868-1954) was an American philanthropist, child welfare advocate and art collector. She was the daughter of a German Jewish immigrant, who married mining magnate, Solomon Guggenheim.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, often referred to as The Guggenheim, is an art museum in New York City that opened in 1959 in a landmark work of 20th-century architecture designed by Frank Lloyd Wright.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSolomon Robert Guggenheim (1861-1949) was an American businessman and art collector. He was of Swiss and Ashkenazi Jewish decent.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Thrashers were a professional ice hockey team based in Atlanta, Georgia from 1999 until 2000, when they became the Winnipeg Jets.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLenox Square Mall is a mall in Atlanta’s Buckhead community. It was built in 1959 and has undergone several major renovations.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eYiddishkeit\u003c/em\u003e literally means \"Jewishness\", i.e. “a Jewish way of life” in the Yiddish language. In a more general sense it has come to mean the \"Jewishness\" or \"Jewish essence\" of Ashkenazi Jews in general and the traditional Yiddish-speaking Jews of Eastern and Central Europe in particular. From a more secular perspective it is associated with the popular culture or folk practices of Yiddish-speaking Jews, such as popular religious traditions, Eastern European Jewish food, Yiddish humor, and klezmer music, among other things. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIlan Daniel Feldman is an American Orthodox Jewish rabbi, public speaker and author. Since 1991 he has been the senior rabbi and spiritual leader of Congregation Beth Jacob of Atlanta, Georgia, succeeding his father, Rabbi Dr. Emanuel Feldman, who founded and led the congregation for 39 years. He studied at Yeshivas Ner Yisroel in Baltimore, Maryland.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBriarcliff Road is a road running northeast through the Druid Hills neighborhood of Atlanta, Georgia. Southward from Ponce de Leon Avenue, the road is named Moreland Avenue.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBeth Jacob is an Orthodox synagogue on LaVista Road in Atlanta founded in 1942 by former members of Ahavath Achim who were looking for a more Orthodox congregation. Beth Jacob is now Atlanta’s largest Orthodox congregation. The congregation first met in a rented grocery store on Parkway Drive. It moved to a permanent location on Boulevard when it purchased and renovated a two-story apartment building. In 1956, it converted the Tabernacle Baptist Church on Boulevard to a synagogue. It built its current synagogue building on a five-acre lot on LaVista Road in 1961. Rabbi Joseph Safra was the congregation’s first permanent rabbi in 1951, followed by Rabbi Emanuel Feldman from 1952 to 1991. Rabbi Ilan Feldman has been the congregation’s Senior Rabbi since his father’s retirement in 1991.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eYeshiva \u003c/em\u003e[Hebrew: sitting] is a Jewish educational institution for religious instruction that is equivalent to high school. It also refers to a Talmudic college for unmarried male students from their teenage years to their early twenties. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSmicha \u003c/em\u003e[Hebrew: ordination; plural: smichot] is the appointment of a disciple as a rabbi, or teacher, of the Torah. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Mier Belsky (d.2017) was an American rabbi who was the head of the Yeshiva of the South in Memphis, Tennessee for 20 years before retiring to Israel. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn July 29, 1977, the Beth Shalom Synagogue in Chattanooga, Tennessee was bombed. The building was destroyed, but there were no casualties.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEmanuel Feldman (b. 1927) is an Orthodox rabbi and Rabbi Emeritus of Congregation Beth Jacob of Atlanta, Georgia. During his nearly 40 years at Beth Jacob beginning in 1952, he nurtured the growth of Atlanta’s Orthodox community from a city with two small Orthodox synagogues to a community large enough to support Jewish day schools, yeshivas, girls’ schools, and a kollel. He is a past vice-president of the Rabbinical Council of America and former editor of \u003cem\u003eTradition: The Journal of Orthodox Jewish Thought\u003c/em\u003e published by the RCA. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003ewimpel\u003c/em\u003e [German: banner; Hebrew: \u003cem\u003emappah\u003c/em\u003e; Yiddish: \u003cem\u003evimpel\u003c/em\u003e] is a long cloth made from the clothes worn by a male baby at his \u003cem\u003ebrit milah\u003c/em\u003e [circumcision]. The cloth is then decorated with the infant's name, his date of birth, genealogical information, scenes from Jewish life, biblical scenes and often Biblical quotations and put away for safekeeping. In the German Ashkenazi tradition, on the \u003cem\u003eShabbat \u003c/em\u003eafter the child's third birthday, the child is carried to the synagogue, where the wimpel is wrapped around the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e. This symbolizes traditions being handed down to the child from his parents and binds him to the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e. The \u003cem\u003ewimpel \u003c/em\u003eis then saved for use in major events of the child’s life, such as his \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e or marriage. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/annotation_set/862/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSimchat Torah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: Rejoicing of Torah] is a Jewish holiday that celebrates and marks the conclusion of the annual cycle of public \u003cem\u003eTorah \u003c/em\u003ereadings, and the beginning of a new cycle. The main celebration of \u003cem\u003eSimchat Torah\u003c/em\u003e takes place in the synagogue during evening and morning services. In Orthodox as well as many Conservative congregations, this is the only time of year when the \u003cem\u003eTorah \u003c/em\u003escrolls are taken out of the ark and read at night. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=4590.0,4620.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Adler, Lou and Edna [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Edna's Background, Her Life in Germany, and Immigrating to the United States","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=23.0,499.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What was your given name at birth and grew?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=23.0,499.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Adolf Hiter","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Affidavit of Support and Sponsorship","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Buchenwald Concentration Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Edna Grunebaum Adler","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Frankfurt, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"German Jews","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gestapo","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hoboken, New Jersey","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kristallnacht","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"New York","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rotterdam, Holland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War I","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=23.0,499.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Remembering Family Life before the War and How Things Changed Living in the United States","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=499.0,719.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What were family celebrations like as a child? What do you remember most about your family's life? I know you were small, but when you remember, what sticks out?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=499.0,719.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Fuller Brush Company","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hanukkah","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Latkes","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Passover","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Passover Seder","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Reform Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rosh Hashanah","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=499.0,719.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Experiencing Anti-Semitism as a German Jewish Refugee","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=719.0,910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you learned English before they did, was there ever any conflict that arose out of the fact that you were the American kid, and they're your parents, and greenhorns?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=719.0,910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anti-Semitism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"English","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"German Jews","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nazis","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"New York","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Swastika","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=719.0,910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Her Family Working in New York and Meeting her Husband","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=910.0,1038.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It must have been a little difficult, I am sure, for your mother. How did she manage to bring you up and your sister at that time with your father?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=910.0,1038.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Fuller Brush Company","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hockey","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ludwig \"Lou\" Adler","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=910.0,1038.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lou's Background and  Life Before the Nazis","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1038.0,1283.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mr. Adler, what was your given name at birth?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1038.0,1283.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bad Mergentheim, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cheder","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Edelfingen, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Great Depression","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ludwig \"Lou\" Adler","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nazis","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1038.0,1283.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Going to School and the Nazis Arrive","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1283.0,1362.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I had a good life until 1933. In 1933, I was starting in the Volksschule [German: elementary school], which was a regular school and was abendliche [German: in the evening]. I remember that my friend who sat next to me had one of these pieces where you had your pens, and fountain pens, and all of that in there, but it had a big swastika on top of it.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1283.0,1362.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Adolf Hitler","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Elementary School","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Swastika","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Volksschule","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1283.0,1362.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anti-Semitism in the Shtetls","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1362.0,1409.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Was there antisemitism before 1933?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1362.0,1409.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anti-Semitism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shtetls","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1362.0,1409.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Life Under Nazi Occupation, Leaving Germany, and His Family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1409.0,1662.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you can, tell me a little bit about what life was like under the Nazi occupation, because they came in [to power] in 1933. Now, when did you leave?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1409.0,1662.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cologne, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dachau Concentration Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Eindhoven, Holland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gestapo","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kindertransport","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kristallnacht","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Moses Adler","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nazis","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nazis Occupation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Philips Company","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Samuel Adler","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1409.0,1662.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Life in Holland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1662.0,1784.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Where did you live when you got to Holland?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1662.0,1784.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Amsterdam, Holland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Burgerweeshuis","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dommelhuis","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1662.0,1784.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lou's Family During the Holocaust and After the War","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1784.0,1883.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Where was your sister at this time? How come she was not with you?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1784.0,1883.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bad Mergentheim, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dachau Concentration Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1784.0,1883.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Being Bar Mitzvahed and Getting Hebrew Education in Holland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1883.0,1949.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Talking about 12 years old, that is close to where most Jewish children have their bar mitzvah. Did you have any Hebrew education while you were in Holland in the hostel? Did you prepare or did you have bar mitzvah?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1883.0,1949.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bar Mitzvah","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hebrew Education","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tefillin","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1883.0,1949.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Traveling with the Kindertransport and Getting Schooling","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1949.0,2375.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When you were in Holland, how long did you remain in that area in Holland?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1949.0,2375.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bad Mergentheim, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"England","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gerrtruida Wijsmuller","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Honorary Gentile","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ijmuiden, Netherlands","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"International Red Cross","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kindertransport","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Learning Languages","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Liverpool, England","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Swastika","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Wigan, England","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=1949.0,2375.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Learning Engineering and Architecture in England","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2375.0,2521.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In England, I found myself a job, because I was not satisfied with what I was. I loved what I was doing and that was cabinet making. I loved cabinet making and I did that while I went to school at nights. I started in engineering and architecture.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2375.0,2521.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Architecture","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cabinetry","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"College of Technology","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Engineering","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"England","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Howard Laski","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Manchester University","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Manchester, England","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Orthodox Hostel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Salford, England","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2375.0,2521.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Community in Manchester, England","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2521.0,2602.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In Manchester, England, was there a large Jewish community?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2521.0,2602.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ashkenazi Jews","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Community","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Manchester, England","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sephardic Jews","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2521.0,2602.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leaving for the United States and Reuniting with His Family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2602.0,3050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When did you decide to leave England for the United States?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2602.0,3050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Adolf Hitler","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Congressman Javits","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"England","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Federal Bureau of Investigation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Frankfurt, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"German Red Cross","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hamburg, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"International Red Cross","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Japan","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Refugee","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Joseph Stalin","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"New York","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"San Francisco, California","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Siberian Railroad","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"United Jewish Appeal","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"United States of America","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=2602.0,3050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lou and His Family Working and Living in New York","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3050.0,3177.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You mentioned earlier that you were in the U.S. Navy or Naval Intelligence?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3050.0,3177.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Irene Rothschild Guggenheim","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"New York","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Passover","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"U.S. Naval Intelligence","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3050.0,3177.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Meeting Edna, Getting Married and Living in New York, Then Moving to Connecticut","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3177.0,3339.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When did you meet your future wife?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3177.0,3339.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Connecticut","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Edna Grunebaum Adler","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"New York","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3177.0,3339.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Moving to Atlanta","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3339.0,3486.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Speaking of Atlanta . . . You had a business and you were living, I am imagining, comfortably in Connecticut. What made you choose or decide to come to Atlanta?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3339.0,3486.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Augusta Goldman Felton","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lenox Square","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"William Felton","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3339.0,3486.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Keeping Jewish Traditions and How His Experiences Impacted His Life","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3486.0,3606.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Were you able to keep your traditions, religion through the war? What happened to your beliefs? Did the experiences during this difficult time make any changes or impact your life?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3486.0,3606.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Traditions","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rabbi Ilan Daniel Feldman","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tefillin","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yiddishkeit","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3486.0,3606.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Seeing His Parents for the First Time After the War and Fitting Into the Family Again","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3606.0,3814.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The one thing I was wondering is about . . . [is] the point where you saw your father for the first time. You were such a little kid when you left, and all of a sudden, you are almost a man.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3606.0,3814.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Adler Family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"German Wehrmacht","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3606.0,3814.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Edna and Lou's Life in Atlanta and Their Children","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3814.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now that you are both together, tell us a little bit about your life in Atlanta. You came here, you mentioned, in 1963. Is that correct?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3814.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta Jewish Community","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bar Mitzvah","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Beth Jacob Hebrew School","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Beth Jacob Synagogue","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Beth Shalom Synagogue","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Briar Cliff Vista Elementary School","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chattanooga, Tennessee","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Adler","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Edna Grunebaum Adler","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ludwig \"Lou\" Adler","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Memphis State","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Memphis, Tennessee","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rabbi Emanuel Feldman","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rabbi Mier Belsky","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Smicha","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Stuart Adler","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"West Hartford, Connecticut","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeshiva","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=3814.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Raising Their Children Different from Other American Jewish Families and How Their Experiences Impacted Their Parenting","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=4140.0,4480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You made a remark before that I believe our children were brought up different from the average American Jewish family. Yes, they were.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=4140.0,4480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"American Jewish Families","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hanukkah","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helping People","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"United States Navy","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"War Experiences","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yiddishkeit","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=4140.0,4480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Teaching Their Children About Being a Jew in the World","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=4480.0,4695.594"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Can I ask you one other thing? What did you teach them about being a Jew in the world, what things that they might be proud of or things they might have to worry about? How did you bring your experiences as refugees into to how you taught them the world?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=4480.0,4695.594"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496/index/51843/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"German Jewish Synagogue","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Refugee Experiences","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Simchat Torah","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeshiva","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/78759/file/166496#t=4480.0,4695.594"}]}]}]}