{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/ww76t0hn63/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Cohn, Aaron (2000)"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2000-04-16 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Audio"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eJudge Aaron Cohn was interviewed by Joel Arogeti on April 16, 2000 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eJudge Aaron Cohn was born in Columbus, Georgia, on March 3, 1916, to Sam and Etta Cohn. He was a first-generation American.  His mother was from Kiev, Ukraine.  His father was from Lithuania and went into the livestock trade in Columbus.  Judge Cohn grew up on a farm next to the Fort Benning army base.  He was educated at public school and graduated from Columbus High School in 1932.  He graduated from the University of Georgia law school in 1938.  In 1940, he volunteered for military service.  He was a Combat Operations Officer in General Patton’s 3rd Cavalry Group and participated in four major campaigns in Europe, including the Battle of the Bulge.  He helped liberate the Ebensee Concentration Camp in 1945.  After the war, he returned to Georgia and became a lawyer and a well-respected judge.  He was a member of Temple Israel.  He married Janet Ann Lilienthal in 1941. They had three children. Aaron Cohn died on July 4, 2012 in Columbus.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eJudge Aaron Cohn talks about his childhood in Columbus, Georgia, and living near the Fort Benning army base.  He mentions riding horses as a child and how it inspired his interest to later join the army.  He talks about his education at public school, music lessons, and Hebrew school.  He reminisces about his classmates, Jewish and non-Jewish, and remembers playing sports at the YMCA.  He talks about attending the University of Georgia law school and remembers playing tennis with his classmates.  He speaks about several Nazi student exchange students on campus and recounts their conversations.  Judge Cohn discusses joining the military service in 1940 and describes various combat operations in General Patton’s army, including the Battle of the Bulge, and as liberator of Ebensee concentration camp in Austria in 1945. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJudge Cohn discusses returning to Columbus in 1946 to resume his law practice.  He reflects on his decision to retire from the army and accept the appointment as Juvenile Court Judge.  He speaks about joining Temple Israel.  He discusses his family, antisemitism, the Civil Rights Movement, and the need for civic involvement.  He talks about his wife, Janet Ann Lilienthal, and their three children.  \u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/27995"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Aaron Cohn (personal name)","Ebensee (corporate name)","Ohrdurf (corporate name)","Columbus, Georgia (geographic term)","Shearith Israel Synagogue (corporate name)","University of Georgia (corporate name)","World War II (topical term)","General Dwight D. Eisenhower (personal name)","General George C. Marshall (personal name)","General George Patton (personal name)","3rd Cavalry Regiment (topical term)","Battle of the Bulge (topical term)","Moselle River (geographic term)","Jim Crow Laws (topical term)","Civil Rights Movement (topical term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eJudge Aaron Cohn was interviewed by Joel Arogeti on April 16, 2000 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudge Aaron Cohn was born in Columbus, Georgia, on March 3, 1916, to Sam and Etta Cohn. He was a first-generation American.  His mother was from Kiev, Ukraine.  His father was from Lithuania and went into the livestock trade in Columbus.  Judge Cohn grew up on a farm next to the Fort Benning army base.  He was educated at public school and graduated from Columbus High School in 1932.  He graduated from the University of Georgia law school in 1938.  In 1940, he volunteered for military service.  He was a Combat Operations Officer in General Patton’s 3rd Cavalry Group and participated in four major campaigns in Europe, including the Battle of the Bulge.  He helped liberate the Ebensee Concentration Camp in 1945.  After the war, he returned to Georgia and became a lawyer and a well-respected judge.  He was a member of Temple Israel.  He married Janet Ann Lilienthal in 1941. They had three children. Aaron Cohn died on July 4, 2012 in Columbus.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudge Aaron Cohn talks about his childhood in Columbus, Georgia, and living near the Fort Benning army base.  He mentions riding horses as a child and how it inspired his interest to later join the army.  He talks about his education at public school, music lessons, and Hebrew school.  He reminisces about his classmates, Jewish and non-Jewish, and remembers playing sports at the YMCA.  He talks about attending the University of Georgia law school and remembers playing tennis with his classmates.  He speaks about several Nazi student exchange students on campus and recounts their conversations.  Judge Cohn discusses joining the military service in 1940 and describes various combat operations in General Patton’s army, including the Battle of the Bulge, and as liberator of Ebensee concentration camp in Austria in 1945. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJudge Cohn discusses returning to Columbus in 1946 to resume his law practice.  He reflects on his decision to retire from the army and accept the appointment as Juvenile Court Judge.  He speaks about joining Temple Israel.  He discusses his family, antisemitism, the Civil Rights Movement, and the need for civic involvement.  He talks about his wife, Janet Ann Lilienthal, and their three children.  \u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/098/364/small/Aaron_Cohn.jpeg?1619288746","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Cohn_Aaron.mp3"]},"duration":8000.856,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/098/364/small/Aaron_Cohn.jpeg?1619288746","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/098/364/original/Cohn_Aaron.mp3?1610562256","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mp3","duration":8000.856,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Aaron Cohn [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"AROGETI: This is the beginning of this tape recording. This is Joel Arogeti.\nWe're here in Atlanta, Georgia. We are interviewing Judge Aaron Cohn on April\n16, 2000, for the Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta, cosponsored by the\nAmerican Jewish Committee and the Atlanta Jewish Federation and the National\nCouncil of Jewish Women. What we're going to do for the next few minutes, Judge,\nis talk a little bit about your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"background and your experiences. This is an oral\nhistory project that's going to be recorded here in Atlanta. A copy of this tape\nrecording will go up to New York City for a master Jewish oral history project.\nResearchers, historians, and others will have access to this information for\ngenerations to come. We thank you on behalf of National Council of Jewish Women,\nthe Federation, and this oral history project. If you would, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we've talked a\nlittle bit prior to going on tape about yourself, your family. Give me your full\nname and where you live presently. Tell me a little bit about your family.\n\nJUDGE COHN: All right, Joel. This is a pleasure to give this oral history\nbecause, as you'll find out later on, I was one of the liberators of a\nconcentration camp at Ebensee. No one is more interested in this project, I\nthink, than I am. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Actually, I was born in Columbus, Georgia, 84 years ago. I was\nthe third child of Sam and Etta Cohn. My mother was 16-years-old when she and\nher family escaped the pogroms in Russia, in Kiev, roughly around the year 1905,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sometime right around the Russo-Japanese War. She was 16-years-old. My\ngrandfather on my mother's side was Moses Hirsch. He was a Talmudic scholar. He\ndidn't have to work very hard because he was a scholar all the time. He spoke\nseven languages. He served in the Russian Army. The usual. However, he made the\ngreat decision in my family ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when he was 57-years-old. The family was . . . it\nwas on the Shabbos that the Cossacks came in and did their usual when things\nweren't going too well with the Czarist government. They were killing every Jew\nin sight. Christian neighbors hid my mother and her family in a hayloft. After\nthree days and three nights, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he said to himself that he was going to leave that\ngodforsaken country, which was the great decision that was made by him. In my\nfamily, had he not made that decision, I don't think I would have the pleasure\nof sitting here with you, Joel, today giving this interview. They came to\nColumbus, Georgia, because they had a cousin there. That's where my family ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was\nall born, the children were. I'm a first-generation American. I said so many\ntimes to civic clubs that the average American, having been on the bench for 35\nyears in the juvenile court system, that I don't think our children, and the\ntalking to other people doing youth work, our children don't really appreciate\nhow ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lucky they are to be an American. But that's what I heard all the time that\nI was growing up in Columbus, Georgia.\n\nAROGETI: What was your date of birth?\n\nJUDGE COHN: March 3, 1916.\n\nAROGETI: Tell us what it was like growing up in a Jewish family in Columbus,\nGeorgia, around the turn of the century.\n\nJUDGE COHN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My era would be subsequent to 1916 when I was born. I can remember\nvery well, you know, in the early 1920s, I can remember the Ku Klux Klan driving\ndown the street. I can remember so well being the only child in a classroom and\nbeing . . . we had very few Jewish families in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Columbus, Georgia, then. My\nfather came from Lithuania around the Baltic Sea. He came to the United States\nabout the same time. He had two brothers that had a trading post in South Africa\nduring the Boer War in 1902. They settled in Columbus, Georgia. They sent for\nthe rest of the family. My father came with the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sisters. He loved horses. That\nwas the first thing that he did. He bought a horse. Soon he became a . . . he\nloved horses so much that he decided that was going to be his business, that is,\nlivestock. So he eventually stayed in Columbus, Georgia, for 50 some odd years.\nWe are not the usual Jewish family in that there were no merchants in my family,\nbut we had a large farm. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I remember we had white faced cattle. We had 15 horses.\nWe had kind of a big spread right next to Fort Benning, Georgia. My dad was a\nlegend, a livestock dealer. At the time that he came, there were 14 livestock\nstables in Columbus, Georgia, but when my father died, he was really the last of\nthe Mohicans. By that, I mean, there was nobody left except him. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was a kind,\ngood man who helped black farmers who were not able to pay for livestock. Called\nthem sharecroppers. Papa would let them have livestock so they could make a\ncrop. He would never ask for them to pay until they were able to make a crop. Of\ncourse, we were a good family. We had no great ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hardships of antisemitism;\nalthough, we knew the usual unwritten rules about the country clubs and things\nof that nature, but that didn't bother us, because my father and mother, like a\nlot of immigrants, were just busy raising family. The social atmosphere that\nthey enjoyed was being with other Jewish families in the synagogue. We all\ngathered around the synagogue in those days. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We lived about two blocks from the\nsynagogue, as most Jewish families at that time.\n\nAROGETI: At that time, what was the address of the house?\n\nJUDGE COHN: We lived at 809 Fourth Avenue in Columbus, Georgia.\n\nAROGETI: You grew up, then, on Fourth Avenue in Columbus. Where was the\nsynagogue located relative to your home?\n\nJUDGE COHN: Yes. We were roughly about two city blocks away.\n\nAROGETI: What was the name of your synagogue?\n\nJUDGE COHN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shearith Israel Synagogue.\n\nAROGETI: How would you describe that today in terms of its religious\naffiliation? Was it Orthodox?\n\nJUDGE COHN: It was an Orthodox congregation. It's now a Conservative congregation.\n\nAROGETI: We'll talk a little bit about the congregational life. But to remind\nme, your mother, Etta, was she born in this country or she was born . . .\n\nJUDGE COHN: No. She was born in Kiev.\n\nAROGETI: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What is now the former Soviet Union?\n\nJUDGE COHN: Yes. The wonderful story about her is when she came over to the\nUnited States when she was 16-years-old, she came to a train station that's\nstill there. The mayor of Columbus and I shared law offices together. We have a\npainting of that train station. She chuckled and laughed, because when she first\ncame to Columbus, Georgia, there were only 10,000 people. Now we got a\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"metropolitan area of about 250,000. Momma is reported to have said, \"Where is\nthe city?\" because she was from a big city. It was kind of dark, and she\ncouldn't see anything around. She was just in a strange country.\n\nAROGETI: How did she have the occasion to end up in Columbus?\n\nJUDGE COHN: They had a cousin that had settled in Columbus, Georgia.\n\nAROGETI: And his name was?\n\nJUDGE COHN: It was a Bonfeld family. They were my mother's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cousins. Then one of\nher sisters came as a result of the cousin. My mother's sister would then write\nmy mother and my grandfather with the usual, you know, \"Come to the great United\nStates of America where the streets are paved in gold.\"\n\nAROGETI: You were telling us a few minutes ago that you lived on Fourth Avenue\nand the congregation synagogue was Shearith Israel just a couple blocks down.\nTell me a little bit about life in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"congregation, your experiences, the\nHebrew school, and attending religious school.\n\nJUDGE COHN: I can't feel too much sympathy for children when they think that\nthey are overworked scholastically because my life was like a lot of the\nchildren back in the 1920s. We went to public school. After we went to public\nschool, we all took music because there was a conservatory of music about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"three\nblocks away. We all took music. Then we went to music school. From there, we\nwent down to Hebrew school, which was located in a small room next to the mikveh\nin the synagogue. There, we studied to be bar mitzvahed. Our rabbi, who was\noriginally from Romania, came to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Canada. He had a long, red beard. He was a fine\nteacher, but he taught a lot with a sharp pointed stick. So, if you didn't do\nwhat you were supposed to do, you knew what that little stick was about.\n\nAROGETI: What was his name?\n\nJUDGE COHN: His name was Rabbi Jacob Shulman.\n\nAROGETI: How long was Rabbi Shulman with your congregation?\n\nJUDGE COHN: I would estimate he was there about, I would certainly ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"say about ten\nyears. Later on, he went to Israel. I think he died in Israel. He was a\nwonderful man. A wonderful teacher. A very strict disciplinarian.\n\nAROGETI: In the classroom, was the classroom broken down by children of\ndifferent age groups? Or were you all collectively there . . .\n\nJUDGE COHN: We were collectively there most of the time with the small ones, the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"larger ones, but if we were broken down, it was broken down to how far advanced\nwe were. But we were all there together.\n\nAROGETI: Approximately how many Jewish families were in the Columbus area in\n1925 and 1930, between the time you were getting ready to be bar mitzvahed?\n\nJUDGE COHN: I would say, roughly, it's hard for me to say. I would think that\nmaybe we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had maybe 40 families. About 40 families.\n\nAROGETI: Tell us a little bit about leading up to your bar mitzvah and the day\nof your bar mitzvah, as best you can remember.\n\nJUDGE COHN: Yes, I remember it very well. It was March 3, 1929. Everybody knows\nabout 1929. That was a bad year for people because so many people lost. That was\nthe year of the crash. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In 1929, I remember my bar mitzvah because I saved a\ncard. The invitation was just a little postcard that was sent out to our\nfriends. We had the usual. We conducted the service in my congregation. Then, at\nnoontime, we went to my mother's house and father's house, which was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"built in\n1925, where my son and I have our law offices today. It was right next to the\nold courthouse in Columbus, Georgia, now next to where the government center is.\nThere, we had a dinner. A luncheon. I spoke my piece about how lucky I was to be\nbar ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mitzvahed.\n\nAROGETI: So you gave, in effect, your sermon, rather than from the synagogue,\nyou gave it at home during the Kiddush luncheon?\n\nJUDGE COHN: Yes. We didn't do it in the congregation. We did it during the\nluncheon at my home. And that was it.\n\nAROGETI: So you were a 13-year-old boy. Tell us a little bit about the public\nschool you went to and what kind of activities young boys your age would be\ninvolved in back in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"late Twenties and early Thirties.\n\nJUDGE COHN: In the late Twenties and early Thirties, of course, we had no little\nleague. We all played baseball, and we all played. You were very much a minority\nas a Jewish kid in those days. We had good, strict public schools. I had great\ngrammar ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"school teachers. When I was ten-years-old, I joined the YMCA and became\nan athlete, of sorts. It was great growing up.\n\nAROGETI: Was the YMCA the athletic outlet for young boys in Columbus, Georgia,\nin the late Thirties?\n\nJUDGE COHN: Yes, it was. We had no boys' clubs. We had no . . .\n\nAROGETI: No Jewish community center?\n\nJUDGE COHN: No Jewish community center. We all ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"belonged to the YMCA. The YMCA in\nColumbus, Georgia, was very kind about the way they accepted the Jewish kids. We\nhad a number of the Jewish kids that were good athletes. We all participated up\nto the nth degree. It was nice growing up in Columbus, Georgia.\n\nAROGETI: Who were some of your peers, some of your Jewish friends that you\nrecall growing up, athletically, with?\n\nJUDGE COHN: Well, none of them received any great accolades ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"later on in life,\nbut they were all athletically inclined. We would play high school ball, Joel,\nthings of that nature. But no super athletes, as such. For me, it was perfect\nbecause I ended up by falling in love with two clay tennis courts when I was\nabout ten-years-old. Ended up playing on the University of Georgia tennis team.\nI was captain of the tennis team in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1937 and assisted the coach. I was an\nassistant coach of the tennis team in 1938 when I graduated law school. I played\na lot of tennis and had pretty good success as an amateur until the war came along.\n\nAROGETI: Let's talk a little bit. Now it's the middle to late 1930s and you\ngraduated from high school in Columbus. Where did you attend?\n\nJUDGE COHN: I graduated Columbus High School in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1932. I was 16-years-old. My\nparents thought I was a little too young to go to college. To me, there was only\none school in the world, and that was the University of Georgia. Although I had\ngood grades and I believed at that time I could have gone to any of the Ivy\nLeague schools. I believe, I wanted in that day and time, but to me, there was\nonly one school. That was the University of Georgia.\n\nAROGETI: Before we get into your college life, let's pause for a minute and talk\na little bit about your brothers and sisters. I know ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the brothers and sisters\nyou have, each of them had a special relationship with you.\n\nJUDGE COHN: Yes.\n\nAROGETI: Tell me a little bit about your brothers, and let's talk a little bit\nabout your sisters, their names and a little bit of information about them.\n\nJUDGE COHN: Yes. My older brother was Sol Cohn. He died in 1977. He, too, was\nborn in Columbus, Georgia. All of my brothers and sisters were. He graduated the\nsame school I did, Columbus High School. Graduated the University of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Georgia. He\nwas a cattleman. He worked with my father in my father's farm in cattle and\nlivestock business, so to speak.\n\nAROGETI: How many years was he your senior?\n\nJUDGE COHN: He was five years older than I was.\n\nAROGETI: Who did he marry and tell me a little bit about his children.\n\nJUDGE COHN: He married Della Estroff. Della Estroff was from a wonderful Jewish\nfamily in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"South Georgia. They were in little towns like . . . they were\noriginally from Louisville, Georgia. Part of the siblings ended up in Lyons,\nGeorgia, and Vidalia, Georgia, and small towns. They were a wonderful, good,\nsolid Jewish family. They had the same type of backgrounds that we did. He had a\nwonderful wife. She was Della Estroff. She was his one and only sweetheart. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They\nhad three children. Alan, who is a lawyer in Atlanta, and has two daughters.\nCelia Solomon, who is in Columbus, Georgia, and Dorothy Luber, who lives in\nDuluth, Georgia. So, we all stayed in Georgia.\n\nAROGETI: That's your brother, Sol. Tell me about your other brother.\n\nJUDGE COHN: My younger brother, Harold, was a cattle auctioneer. He died just a\nfew years ago, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about five years ago. He was a wonderful auctioneer. He auctioned\ncattle. As I said, we had no merchants. He was my youngest brother. I had an\nolder sister, Anne, who was a housewife.\n\nAROGETI: Who did she marry?\n\nJUDGE COHN: She married Louis Levy from Savannah, Georgia. She's still living,\nbut her husband is dead.\n\nAROGETI: Your sister, Anne, is it?\n\nJUDGE COHN: Yes.\n\nAROGETI: Does she live in Savannah now?\n\nJUDGE COHN: She lives in Columbus, Georgia.\n\nAROGETI: And your other ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sister?\n\nJUDGE COHN: My younger sister, Sophie, married Emanuel Kulbersh from Atlanta,\nGeorgia. She lives in Boca Raton, Florida.\n\nAROGETI: Tell me a little bit, briefly, Sophie's children and Anne's children.\n\nJUDGE COHN: Sophie had two children. One of them was Bill Kulbersh, who lives in\nAtlanta, Georgia, and Myra Sue Kulbersh. She lives in San Antonio, Texas. My\nsister, Anne's children, she has two sons ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that live in Columbus, Georgia. They\nare in the automobile business. And a daughter, Rita Rosenthal, who lives in\nMontgomery, Alabama.\n\nAROGETI: Tell me the names of the Levy boys.\n\nJUDGE COHN: The Levy boys. Mark Levy and Charles Levy.\n\nAROGETI: We've talked a little bit about your brothers. Tell us, now, we're\ngoing back. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You graduated from high school and you're getting ready to go to\ncollege, but you didn't go to college right out of high school, did you?\n\nJUDGE COHN: No, I did not.\n\nAROGETI: Tell us a little bit about what you did in that time between high\nschool and college.\n\nJUDGE COHN: I spent a year on my dad's farm.\n\nAROGETI: Where was that farm located?\n\nJUDGE COHN: That farm was located at that time next to Fort Benning, Georgia, on\nthe South Lumpkin Road. It was a large farm. We had, I would say, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at that time .\n. . I don't know how many cattle, but certainly in excess 50 to 100 at that time.\n\nAROGETI: Fifty to 100 head of . . .\n\nJUDGE COHN: Head of cattle. We had horses there. We ran a riding academy for\npeople who liked to ride horses. We also raised . . . We farmed some. Not too\nmuch. My father, even ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a livestock dealer, we raised hogs, too. I can tell you\none thing, they are very difficult to count. I spent a year there. That's what I did.\n\nAROGETI: Was the farm located in such that you would commute every day from Columbus?\n\nJUDGE COHN: Yes. We were roughly about three miles from the city limits. Where\nthat farm was, is highly populated ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"now.\n\nAROGETI: Suburban Columbus, Georgia?\n\nJUDGE COHN: It's a subdivision now, but at that time, it was right next to the\nChattahoochee River. It was a beautiful pastureland.\n\nAROGETI: You had the occasion to work for your dad's business for about a year\nand then it was off to college?\n\nJUDGE COHN: Yes.\n\nAROGETI: The year was 1930?\n\nJUDGE COHN: I went the fall of 1933.\n\nAROGETI: In 1933, you enrolled at the University of Georgia in Athens?\n\nJUDGE COHN: Right.\n\nAROGETI: Tell us a little bit about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what college was like. It was after World\nWar I, but it was before World War II?\n\nJUDGE COHN: Yes.\n\nAROGETI: What was going on at University of Georgia at that time?\n\nJUDGE COHN: Georgia, at that time, maybe had 5,000 students.\n\nAROGETI: In the undergraduate and graduate schools combined?\n\nJUDGE COHN: Yes. I don't think there was much of graduate program there, but\nabout 5,000 students. We had about 18 fraternities. Three Jewish fraternities.\nAll the Jewish fraternities, of course, maybe had an average of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anywhere from 12\nto 18 members. The Phi Epsilon Pi was there. Tau Epsilon Phi. Alpha Epsilon Pi,\nwhich was my fraternity.\n\nAROGETI: What type of courses did you study?\n\nJUDGE COHN: I knew that I could get a degree in law by taking two years of\npre-law. I wasn't interested in getting two degrees because I just wanted to go\nto law school. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I knew I always wanted to be a lawyer, so I took two years of\npre-law, three years of law school. I received my military commission in 1937,\nmy law degree in 1938.\n\nAROGETI: Tell us a little bit about your military career. Were you active in\nROTC or junior ROTC either in high school or college?\n\nJUDGE COHN: We didn't have junior ROTC, but we had some military training at\nColumbus High School. I lived in Columbus ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"growing up. I lived in an area where\nthere were lots of army noncommissioned officers. Some were retired. Some were\nnot. There were non-Jews, of course. I was pretty familiar with the army and\narmy law because we were a large army town. It sort of fascinated me to hear the\nold stories about the old volunteer army. When I went to college, the first\nthing I wanted to do is look at the ROTC program because it was infantry ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and\ncavalry. But since I was riding a horse when I was about seven-years-old, and I\nwas riding a horse, I knew I wanted to be . . . it was the horse cavalry in\nthose days. I wanted to be in the horse cavalry. I was very active in the\nmilitary at the university because I was Scabbard and Blade, which was an\nhonorary military fraternity. When I was commissioned in 1937, I always took my\nreserve active duty quite seriously by going ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to Fort Oglethorpe and training\nwith the Sixth Cavalry, which was stationed in Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia.\n\nAROGETI: For some of our listeners and researchers, they might not be as\nfamiliar with Fort Benning, Georgia, which, being a Georgia native, we're all\nfamiliar with. Tell us a little bit about Fort Benning, its role, its\naffiliation with the city of Columbus, and give us a little bit of background.\n\nJUDGE COHN: Fort Benning was founded about 1921, I believe, right after World\nWar I. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It has become and it was even then the home of the infantry school. Later\non, I attended there as an officer at the infantry school in World War II. It\nhas become the mecca of the United States Army and has been voted over and over\nnow as the finest military post in the United States. That is where we've\ntrained our infantry officers. That is where we've trained people like General\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"George Marshall, Omar Bradley, General Eisenhower. All the great names in modern\nmilitary history have gone to Fort Benning, Georgia. As a matter of fact, we\ncalled Columbus at one time, laughingly, the mother-in-law of the United States\ninfantry because so many army officers who went to Benning married Columbus\ngirls. Even today, Fort Benning has played such a terrific part of the community\nof Columbus. The relationship ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between the civilian community and the military\ncommunity has always been held in the highest esteem by people in the military.\nEven today, people know about the great relationship between the civilian\ncommunity and vis-a-vis the military community at Fort Benning, Georgia. During\nWorld War II, they must have had 75,000 troops. This is where Airborne started.\nThe Airborne school is there. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Airborne started there. We had 2nd Infantry\nDivision, which I was a part.\n\nAROGETI: It's plain to see that the military and the Fort in Columbus played\nsuch an instrumental role in your life. Let's talk a little bit about your\ncollege days and your law school days in Athens, Georgia. Tell me a little bit\nabout some of your peers, your colleagues, both Jewish and non-Jewish.\n\nJUDGE COHN: I can remember, he died just recently. We were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dear friends, Morris\nAbram, who I think was one of the great American Jews that we have produced in\nthis part of the country. He came from Fitzgerald, Georgia. Morris was, as you\nwell know, had a magnificent record. He died recently. I think everybody in the\nJewish community knew who Morris Abram was. The main thing about Morris Abram\nwas, as you know, he changed the whole political scene in Georgia because he was\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"responsible for changing the old county unit system, which made the urban\ncommunities in Georgia suffer at the expense of the rural communities. He\nchanged the whole complexion.\n\nAROGETI: Some of our researchers may not know of Morris Abram, famous ambassador\nand president of the university and famous attorney. I believe he might have\nbeen a Rhodes Scholar, as well.\n\nJUDGE COHN: Yes.\n\nAROGETI: Tell us a little bit about how you first met him? Where did you first\nmeet him?\n\nJUDGE COHN: We just ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"knew that he was coming to Georgia. They asked me, because\nmy fraternity felt like . . . I was an athlete and I knew most of the non-Jewish\nkids on the campus. I got around the campus quite a bit. They wanted me to rush\nhim, and I did. But Morris said that he wanted to stay independent, which he\ndid. I respected that. Then I followed his career. We were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"great friends up\nuntil the day of his death.\n\nAROGETI: Is he a classmate of yours?\n\nJUDGE COHN: No. He was a little behind me.\n\nAROGETI: Couple of years behind?\n\nJUDGE COHN: Morris was a couple of years behind me. I don't know exactly the\nyear Morris came. I think I was a junior, or maybe a freshman in law school when\nMorris came to University of Georgia.\n\nAROGETI: Share with us just a little summary about the . . . I know the county\nunit system related to the way state legislators were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"voted into the . . .\n\nJUDGE COHN: Well, they had an electoral system, but it was warped. A little\ncounty like Chattahoochee County, which is very close to where we are, had two\nvotes. The City of Columbus, Muscogee County, had maybe 80,000 people.\nChattahoochee County may have had 800, and they had 80,000. We had 80,000, but\nwe didn't have any more votes than they did. So ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the big thrust was, hey, it was\nunconstitutional. One man, one vote. When they overturned the county unit\nsystem, Morris Abram was primarily responsible for that. He argued the case for\nthe Supreme Court. The Supreme Court held it was unconstitutional. Changed the\nwhole complexion of the state. That's when Atlanta really grew. So, it was all\nfor the benefit of the urban community.\n\nAROGETI: Besides Morris Abram, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ambassador Abram, who were some of your other\nmore notorious classmates, both Jewish and non-Jewish?\n\nJUDGE COHN: I had good friends there. Igor Cassini, who later was Cholly\nKnickerbocker. He loved tennis. He played tennis with me all the time when he\nwas at Georgia. We had a number of exchange students there. We even had five\nNazi exchange students who were sent over here by Adolph Hitler as exchange\nstudents. They came to the university. They would ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"come down to the tennis\ncourts. I was playing number one on the tennis team. They'd come to me to talk\nto me about their problems with the Jewish community in Germany. Of course, you\nknow what I had to say to them. But they even wanted to come on our campus. They\nwanted to espouse some of their hatred in our university chapel. First Amendment\nor no First Amendment, they never got there.\n\nAROGETI: Tell us a little bit about that because I think that is such ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an unusual\nstory. The year is, what, 1934 or 1935?\n\nJUDGE COHN: Around 1935.\n\nAROGETI: So, World War II had not broken out?\n\nJUDGE COHN: No.\n\nAROGETI: It was relatively quiet here in the United States about what was going\non in Europe?\n\nJUDGE COHN: Yes, but in 1935, the Nazi party was in full command. They came in\nfull command starting about 1933. That's when it really started.\n\nAROGETI: Was that something, looking ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"back today, looking back at history, you\ncould see that, but in 1933, 1934, 1935, as a young Jewish man in Georgia, in\nthe State of Georgia, was this something that you were aware of, you were\nsensitive to?\n\nJUDGE COHN: Yes. We were aware of the Nazis. The Jewish community in Athens,\nGeorgia, was very, very aware of the fact that we had five Nazi exchange students.\n\nAROGETI: How were you aware of this? Would you see them walking down the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"street?\n\nJUDGE COHN: I would see them on the campus from time to time.\n\nAROGETI: Were they wearing uniforms?\n\nJUDGE COHN: No, no, no. They could not wear their uniforms. They were in\ncivilian clothes, but we all knew who they were. They all loved tennis. So many\nof them would come down to the tennis courts. I would see them down there. Of\ncourse, they knew I was Jewish. Obvious name like Aaron Cohn, which I'm glad of.\n\nAROGETI: I am not as familiar with your dialogue or your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"conversation with these\npeople. What were some of the tenor of some of . . .\n\nJUDGE COHN: The tenor of it was, they wanted to tell me about the problems they\nwere having with the Jews in Germany. Of course, I wouldn't . . .\n\nAROGETI: From their perspective, what types of problems were they communicating\nto you, or what kind of propaganda were they giving you?\n\nJUDGE COHN: They evidently received great training as the Hitler-Jugend. You\nknow what Hitler did, he started with these ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children when they were real, real\nyoung. By the time they were exchange students at the University of Georgia,\nunless they were avid Nazis, they would not have let them come abroad to the\nUnited States of America because they might want to defect or whatever. But they\nwere very, very . . . they had the Nazi creed all the time. I let them know real\nquickly how I felt, and I didn't want to hear any of this comment, damn\nfoolishness from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them. I think they were trying to convince me that their cause\nwas right, and I told them what I thought.\n\nAROGETI: You also told me earlier that, in addition to some of the more famous\nJewish Georgians that went to Georgia at that time, you were also a classmate of\na former governor and state senator.\n\nJUDGE COHN: Yes. The University of Georgia spawned some marvelous, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"marvelous\nleaders in Georgia. To wit, in my law school, there was Herman Talmadge, who\nreally served this community well. I know, and I still admire, him because he\nwas a great person. He was president of fraternity council Georgia, and I was\nhis vice president. I knew him quite well. When he served in the senate, he was\nalways very much in the forefront and being very pro-Jewish in all ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"affairs that\naffect the Jewish community. He was a great friend of the State of Israel. He\nwas a great friend of mine personally. We not only had him, but we had Ernie\nVandiver, who later became governor of the State of Georgia. He was a class\nbehind me. Bob Jordan, who was a Supreme Court Justice. In other words, we had,\nI don't know how many congressmen we had coming out of that law school ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and\ngovernors. We had a marvelous group of scholars at Georgia. Most all of them\nfelt like I did, I think. We always thought about we were going to go to law\nschool at Georgia. We were going to go back to our homes. We were going to go\nback to our communities. And we were going to get with the grass roots and make\nGeorgia a better state. None of my friends, when I went to school there, thought\nabout going somewhere else. They were all going to go home. They ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came from small\ntowns in Georgia, and it was truly a state university. It's not quite like it is\ntoday, I don't think.\n\nAROGETI: You had an occasion, then, to graduate from the University of Georgia\nwith your law degree. Did you, in fact, come back to Columbus?\n\nJUDGE COHN: Absolutely.\n\nAROGETI: What year was that?\n\nJUDGE COHN: I came back to Columbus in 1938.\n\nAROGETI: And hang out your own shingle and started practicing?\n\nJUDGE COHN: Yes. I hung out my own shingle. From 1935 to 1938, I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"worked in a law\nfirm, of course, pro bono, free of charge, just for experience. That was the\nthing that you did in those days. You didn't get paid anything as an intern or\nfor research or whatever. This was all for the experience. From 1933 to 1938. I\nmean, 1935 to 1938, I was in a law office there. Honorable T. L. Bowden. In 1938\n. . .\n\nAROGETI: T. L. Bowden?\n\nJUDGE COHN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bowden. B-O-W-D-E-N.\n\nAROGETI: Was he a judge or . . .\n\nJUDGE COHN: He later became a judge. In 1938, I also . . . there was a gentleman\nwho later became a superior court judge named George C. Palmer. He was the son\nof a confederate veteran. He was a class act. He took a real liking to me\nbecause he thought I really wanted to be a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"good lawyer. He took a liking to me.\nHe took me under his wing. I was with him until I volunteered for the army.\n\nAROGETI: When you say you were with him, did you share a law office?\n\nJUDGE COHN: We shared law offices together, and I worked for him. I worked for\nJudge Palmer.\n\nAROGETI: Tell me a little bit about a day in the life of young Aaron Cohn as an\nassociate or as a lawyer, but a training lawyer with Judge ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Palmer.\n\nJUDGE COHN: We had a number of criminal cases, among several were in Phenix\nCity, Alabama. You know Phenix City had lots of trouble later on with the\ncriminal element. That's a big story. Even in 1955, the events . . . They had to\nsend in the National Guard.\n\nAROGETI: For some of our researchers, Phenix City is a small town in Alabama?\n\nJUDGE COHN: Just over the Chattahoochee River line.\n\nAROGETI: Almost a sister city?\n\nJUDGE COHN: It's like a sister city. It was right over ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the line. Several books\nhave been written about it. A very bad criminal element took over the city. It\nwas only in 1955 before they really straightened it out. It was a classic\nexample of what happens in a community. In this case, it was a small southern\ncommunity where the citizens allowed the criminal element to take over because\nthe criminal element says, \"Don't worry about taxes. Don't worry about anything.\nWe'll take ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"care of it.\" Yes, they took care of it.\n\nAROGETI: It's now 1938. You're a young graduate of University of Georgia. You're\npracticing law. You're also a graduate of the ROTC program. Tell us how you\nharmonized your practice of law. Harmonizing your work life as a young attorney\nand ROTC. It's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"now 1938, 1939. It's before the United States got involved in\nWorld War II, but you were very aware of what was going on in Germany.\n\nJUDGE COHN: Yes. I followed, having known these five exchange students.\nIncidentally, in addition to those exchange students, we had some very wonderful\npeople like Oleg Cassini, who became one of the great designers. He was Igor\nCassini's brother. He was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the University of Georgia. Also Emilio Pucci. We\nhad a number of them from France and from Italy. Of course, the German exchange students.\n\nAROGETI: I was just listening to you talk, it seems to me that you were perhaps\nmore aware or more sensitive to what was going on in Europe than perhaps most\nother Americans or most other, potentially, Jews who didn't have family ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from\nthat part of the country.\n\nJUDGE COHN: Yes. Well, no, because my mother's family . . . my grandfather\noriginally was born in Germany, but his parents had died, and he went to Kiev.\nThey settled in the Ukraine. I had no family in Germany. But being a reserve . .\n. I was already a Reserve Officer. I could see the war clearance gathering. I\nwas firmly of the opinion ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we were going to go to war, that there had to be\na collision course between the United States. As a Jew, I was very disturbed\nabout what was happening in Germany because I was a history buff. I'm familiar\nwith antisemitism. Although lots of people thought it was just business as\nusual, it hit home to me.\n\nAROGETI: After a couple of years of practicing law in Columbus, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you made,\nperhaps a life-changing decision.\n\nJUDGE COHN: Yes. I couldn't sit still. I went to my judge, and I told my judge\nthat I couldn't practice law anymore, that I needed to be in the army, and\nthat's where I should be. He couldn't understand it because he knew . . . he was\nvery fond of me, just like a father-son relationship. I explained to him as best\nI could the fact ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I was Jewish, my folks had been immigrants, I feel like it\nwas sort of time for me to go into the army. It was really pay-back time. I felt\nlike this country had been good to my parents. I guess I was a patriot, if you\nwant to put it that way. I decided that that's where I should be. Then, too, I\nexplained to him that I was in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Combat Branch, Armored Cavalry, and I\ncertainly didn't want a bunch of young soldiers to get killed because I didn't\nknow my business. I had already been on active duty each year. I had no problem\nin the army, because most of them were southerners of the same kind of guys.\nLots of them didn't have formal education, but they were magnificent soldiers. I\ncame from an army town. Being Jewish never bothered me about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"being with a bunch\nof non-Jews who were professional soldiers, because I found out I got along with\nthem real well. That was because I was a YMCA boy from the age I was ten until\nthe days that I went off to college. I had no problem with that. I went in the army.\n\nAROGETI: When did you enlist?\n\nJUDGE COHN: I went in in the spring of 1940 is when I volunteered for active\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"duty. At that time, the Germans were sweeping down through the lowlands, and I\ncouldn't sit still. It looked like they were going to capture Paris, and I just\nsaid, I'm going in the army, and so I went. I didn't get my orders until a\nlittle later on, but that's when I volunteered.\n\nAROGETI: The year is about 1938 to 1940. At that time, were you married, or did\nyou have a family?\n\nJUDGE COHN: No. I didn't get married until 1941. I was in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"army. I was in the\narmy in 19 . . . my wife and I got married June 19, 1941. I was then a\nlieutenant in the 4th Infantry Division.\n\nAROGETI: We are going to back up and talk a little bit about your military\ncareer in a few minutes, but let's take a moment or two and talk a little bit\nabout your bride of many years. Tell me her name.\n\nJUDGE COHN: My wife's name was Janet Ann Lilienthal. She was from an old German\nJewish family who came over. My ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"forebears were Eastern European. Her forebears\nwere old German Jewish family. In the Deep South in those days, as you well\nknow, there was a big schism between the old German Jewish families who were\nvery, very Reform, and the Eastern European families, who were still quite\nOrthodox. Of course, our marriage in Columbus, Georgia, created ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lots of comment\nbecause it was an unusual event, they thought. But the more I think of it, the\nmore I said to myself, when Hitler came to power, I said, you know, Adolph\nHitler didn't give a damn whether your folks were born in Germany or they were\nborn in Czechoslovakia or Ireland or New Jersey or what. If you were a Jew, you\nwent to the concentration camp. This should be . . .\n\nAROGETI: This is the interview of Judge Aaron Cohn ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on April 16, 2000. This is\nJoel Arogeti. We were talking with Judge Cohn. He was telling us a little bit\nabout his involvement in the military. You were talking about some of the\nreasons you joined the military. Also, you were talking about your wife and your\nwife's family, about her German Jewish ancestry and your Russian and Eastern\nEuropean Jewish ancestry. Please continue.\n\nJUDGE COHN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's one thing. The horrible things that happened in World War II\nbrought home, particularly, as you know, Joel, I was a liberator of one of the\nconcentration camps. It really brought home to you, how stupid can Jews be when\nthey would cause a schism within their ranks over where your parents were born.\nTo me, that was the most ridiculous thing in the world, but that's the way it\nwas in those days. Alfred Uhry wrote ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that play, which would typify it up to a\ncertain point, but it was there. We had that in the early 1940s, certainly in\nColumbus, Georgia, and in Atlanta and in Montgomery, Alabama, and in Macon,\nGeorgia, and lots of places. How ridiculous the whole thing was.\n\nAROGETI: Tell me a little bit about your early years in active duty before you\ngot married, the years 1940, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1941. You knew the war had broken out. You had\nenlisted. Where were you stationed initially?\n\nJUDGE COHN: I was chagrined because, as a cavalry officer, I would have probably\ngone to the Philippines. Had I gone to the Philippines, that regiment,\nPhilippine Scouts, were wiped out by the Japanese in Lingayen Gulf when they\nlanded in the Philippines. I thought perhaps I might go to the presidio or go\nalong the west coast or down along the Texas border where most horse ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cavalry\nunits were. To my chagrin, I was ordered to report to, of all places, Harmony\nChurch Fort Benning, Georgia, where a newly-organized infantry division, the 4th\nMotorized Division, which was a new triangle infantry division. I was to report\nto the reconnaissance troop. I went there. I got the great sum of 64 cents. As\nthe finance sergeant said, \"Lieutenant Cohn,\" he says, \"You are going to get the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lowest pay that anybody in the United States Army ever got reporting to active\nduty. Eight cents a mile. Here is your eight miles. Here is your 64 cents.\" It\nwasn't the money. I thought everybody was telling me goodbye, and I was leaving.\nHere I am, I'm still at home.\n\nAROGETI: How long were you initially stationed in Fort Benning?\n\nJUDGE COHN: At Fort Benning, I was with the 4th Infantry Division. When World\nWar II started a week after Pearl Harbor, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was gone. We left Fort Benning,\nGeorgia. Even with ball ammunition. We went to Camp Gordon, Georgia, in Augusta,\nGeorgia, where I went overseas later on to liberate the camp. I left home then.\n\nAROGETI: Tell us a little bit about your duty overseas in Europe. Tell us a\nlittle bit about leaving Augusta, Georgia, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"traveling to Europe.\n\nJUDGE COHN: Originally when the war started, it was maneuvers, maneuvers,\nmaneuvers. I had gone to the infantry school, the cavalry school, and then later\non to the commanding general staff college in Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. I left\nthe 4th Division in 1943 because ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"General Patton had commanded the 3rd Cavalry,\nhorse cavalry. He now was a brigadier general with the 2nd Armored Division.\nThey took the horses away from the old 3rd Cavalry, which is a famous old\nregiment for Brave Rifles, and made them the 3rd Tank Battalion in the 10th\nArmored Division. They selected certain officers from infantry divisions who had\nexperience in armor, and I was one of them. I went to Fort Riley, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kansas. It's\nwhat we call a cadre. In the spring of 1943, we were cadred and went to Fort\nRiley, Kansas. I was with the 3rd Cavalry Regiment and fought four major\ncampaigns in Europe with the 3rd Cavalry Regiment, four major campaigns from\n1944 all during World War II. My unit was in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"England just a short time, just\nlong enough to grab the weapons that we needed and go across the channel.\n\nAROGETI: It's now 1943 and 1944. You've been in the military for several years.\nYou've been studying. You've been training. You've been going through maneuvers\nhere in the United States. You got your call or your duty over to Europe. Tell\nus a little bit about that. When was that?\n\nJUDGE COHN: I want to go back just a moment to tell you in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1940 when the first\ndraft came. When the draft came, so many of the youngsters came from the finest\nschools in the country. They came from Yale and Harvard and Columbia and the Ivy\nLeague schools. They came down, and they couldn't get over the idea that they\nwere being trained by guys who were from Tennessee, South Carolina, and Georgia,\nwhere most of the volunteer soldiers were from the southeast who had very little\nformal education. They ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"used to complain about the fact, \"I'm so much more\neducated than them, and they are telling me what to do.\" I used to tell them in\nno uncertain terms, \"Listen to me good. We are training you guys to be killers.\nWe are not going to defeat Hitler through who uses the best English or who is\nthe best historian. Your momma, some day, will be glad that you had these people\nbecause they will save your life. They'll take you out on a patrol and make you\nknock a squirrel out of a tree ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at 400 yards, and they'll bring your momma's boy\nback home.\" I used to impress them. At first they couldn't get that idea. I\nthink Neil Simon, when he wrote Biloxi Blues, did a gorgeous job of that. But so\nmany of the kids were Jewish kids. The fact that I had volunteered real early,\nthey listened to me. I'm sure I was able to help lots of them along that area.\nIn the old regular army, I found a certain amount of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"antisemitism with certain\nindividuals, but it never interfered with my military career. I had no problem\nwith that, basically. But when I went up the ladder, it took me a while to get\nout of the lieutenancy because I was with an infantry division. When I went back\nto my old cavalry unit, to a cavalry unit, my promotions came. I became a major,\na captain, a major. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They finally sent me to the command staff college, which was\nan honor. I was only a captain at the time. So when I went overseas from Fort\nGordon, Georgia, my oldest daughter, Gail Cohn, who lives in Atlanta, she was\njust born. I left her as a baby, and I went overseas. We went to England on the\nAquitania. We sailed out of Boston Harbor. She was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a sister ship, I think, to\nthe Mauretania and the Lusitania. She had just come back from Singapore. We had\nno flotilla. We didn't go in convoy. They said she could outrun any U-boat\nalive. We say hope to hell she did, and she did, because we never had a problem,\nalthough there were cases of other people being torpedoed. We landed in\nScotland. We were in England a very short time, because we got there just at the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time of the invasion.\n\nAROGETI: I want you to stop for a moment. I want you to pan a picture. Tell us\nwhat time of year it was. What was it like saying goodbye to your family, your\nwife and newborn baby? When was the last time you saw your wife before leaving\nto go to Boston and eventually to Scotland?\n\nJUDGE COHN: I couldn't tell my wife the exact date we were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sailing, exact day we\nwere leaving, because that was in violation of our code of conduct. We were not\nsupposed to tell our family. We were supposed to tell them, \"I don't know the\nexact day we are leaving, but it's time is coming close. You go home and wait\nfor me.\" My father sent a driver over to Fort Gordon, Georgia. He took my wife\nand my little girl. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They went back to Columbus, Georgia. That was the last time\nshe saw me for some time. But we didn't leave that exact day. We left in June of\n1944. I think we sailed sometime around, as I recall, we may have sailed\nsometime in the spring of 1944. It ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was around that time of the first part of the\nsummer in 1944, before the invasion. We sailed, and we landed in Scotland. We\ndidn't stay in England very long. I think we left in June because the invasion\nhad just started. We did not stay in England very long because they needed every\nsoldier that they could find. We were armored cavalry, which is really an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"elite\ntype of a unit. I would say armored cavalry was very much like Indian Scouts.\nOur mission was to do battle reconnaissance to find out where the enemy was.\nOnce you find where everybody is engaging in combat, report back to the\ncommanding general so he could make decisions based on what we found on the\nbattlefield. We were known as the eyes and ears of the corps commander. We were\ndirectly under the corps commander's control. The corps ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"consist of usually about\nthree divisions. Each division has roughly 15,000 people and either an armored\ndivision or infantry division. We were separate, two squadrons of cavalry. Each\nsquadron had about 750 men in each squadron. We had about 1,700 men in our\nregiment. The average age of our regiment was 19. We were a great ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cavalry unit.\nWe fought the 3rd Armored Cavalry. We were in the XX Corps of General Patton's\nThird Army.\n\nAROGETI: After you got to Scotland, you were in England, Great Britain for a\nshort period of time. Where were you then assigned?\n\nJUDGE COHN: We went down to Salzburg. We had been on the plains of Salzburg. We\nwent down to the port. We were on an LST. We were going to cross the channel.\n\nAROGETI: What is an LST?\n\nJUDGE COHN: Landing.\n\nAROGETI: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Transportation?\n\nJUDGE COHN: Landing craft specially designed for troops. That was my first\nexperience with the Merchant Marine. When we got there, we had a port battalion\nthat was supposed to unload us. We were offshore. They got a message back that\nthe Germans were counter attacking in Mauritania, which was very near the coast.\nWe didn't have a great foothold, and we want to make sure we were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"driven back\ninto the Atlantic. We all know the history of that. The infantry was an infantry\nfight up until then, and they needed all the armor they could.\n\nAROGETI: A lot of our historians, particularly contemporary historians, may not\nbe as familiar with what was going on in France at that time. If you could take\na step back and explain a little bit of, the war had been going on for several\nyears. The Germans had come into France. They had a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"foothold in France. They\nwere bombing England.\n\nJUDGE COHN: Yes. The invasion of the continent and the landing of the third\narmy. The operation of the third army started in England. It was operation on.\nJune 6, 1944, the largest armada the world has ever seen hit the beaches. Those\nof you who have not seen saving ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Saving Private Ryan by Steven Spielberg, I would\nadvise you to see it because this is the way it was. The infantry, with all\ntheir casualties, they were able to get a foothold. But they were fighting in\nthe hedgerow country. We call it the hedgerow country because it came from the\nRomans, who had, we call it a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hectare. If you had landlines, speaking like a\nlawyer, the landlines were by a shrubbery and big plants. It was a horrible\nfighting because the Germans got in behind those hedgerows. We suffered terrible\ncasualties getting a foothold, but once we got a foothold, we were looking for a\nbreakthrough. That would have been part of my unit to use the breakthrough.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was no place on the beaches for a cavalry recon unit. Finally when they\ngot a foothold, they said, hey, we need all of you guys, all of the armor we can\nget. At that time, we were trying to get off the ships. We were supposed to have\na port battalion to unload us, and they weren't there. I went personally to the\nguy. He was a merchant marine. I said, \"Hey, we got to get off. Can you help us\nget off this place?\" He told ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me, he said, \"Have you seen my contract?\" I said,\n\"What contract you talking about?\" As a lawyer, I was amazed. What kind of a\ncontract? We are in gun battle. He says, \"My contract says I'm to get you here,\nand how you get off is your business.\" I will never forget that until my dying\nday, because I turned to him and said, \"Hey, don't we belong to the same\ncountry? Aren't we in the same outfit trying to defeat the Nazis?\" He just gave\nme a look. He said, \"Well, that's my contract. You ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"guys are going to have to get\noff the best way you can.\" The port battalion finally showed up. They found out\nthat there was a hole in the German lines there.\n\nAROGETI: Where were you when you landed in France?\n\nJUDGE COHN: We landed on Utah Beach. We went through Sainte-Mère-Eglise,\nCotentin, Laval, LeMans. We turned the corner at a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"little town called Vitré. It\nwas along, close to the Loire River. We slipped. It was like a football game. We\nslipped in through an open space there. It was the 3rd Cavalry. We became the\nright flank unit of the Third United States Army along the Loire River. As you\nknow, the Loire runs east and west. We were on the right flank of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Loire\nRiver. We went along the Loire to Chateau Orleans, Chateaudun. We ended up in\nold World War I areas like Verdun, France, where the Germans and the British\neach lost about a million men in 1916 fighting there in the trenches. Luckily,\nwe didn't have those trenches. We could fight a fluid warfare. It was perfect\nterrain for type of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unit like we had. It was like a killing field. My unit\nkilled Germans right and left. We had ambushes. We would get them in positions\nwhere . . . they didn't even know we were there. It was like we were covering 60\nmiles a day. It was like a football game that once you got past the line of\nscrimmage, and the Germans had not brought up their reserves, we hit them in\nevery ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"direction. It was like cowboys and Indians. The next thing you know, in\nAugust, it was like a dream. We butchered them. Next thing you know, my unit was\nthe first unit in the Third Army that went into Germany. We got held up because\nwe ran out of gas. We no longer operated from a tactical map. We operated from a\nMichelin roadmap. We ran off the tactical map.\n\nAROGETI: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Just so that I'm clear and the historians and others listening to this\ntape understand that, one of your missions was to penetrate the German line in\nFrance, which you successfully did in the summer of 1944?\n\nJUDGE COHN: Yes.\n\nAROGETI: You were then marching towards Germany?\n\nJUDGE COHN: Yes. We were headed east along the Loire River.\n\nAROGETI: And then . . .\n\nJUDGE COHN: The Germans had not landed in the Mediterranean south. You see,\nthere was nothing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between the Loire River and the Mediterranean Sea but a lot of\nGermans. They asked George Patton, what about your flank? We were interested in\nthe flank, too, because we were the right flank unit along the Loire River. He\nsays, \"Damn the Germans.\" He says, \"Let them worry about their own damn flanks.\"\nIt was our flank, and we were interested in that, but we were moving and moving\nfast. We were going, sometimes we would go 30 and 40 miles down the road ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when\nthe British were talking about Montgomery's moving two miles or whatever. That\nwas the famous Third Army. We had everything our way.\n\nAROGETI: How were you being transported? Through trucks or vehicles?\n\nJUDGE COHN: No. I was in a half-track. I had a half-track. I had a gun crew,\n50-caliber machine gun, a 50-caliber machine gun superimposed. That was the\ncommand post. It was a moving ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"command post. I was the regimental combat officer.\nAll the orders would come out of that vehicle that I was in.\n\nAROGETI: Was it an armored truck or . . .\n\nJUDGE COHN: No. It was a half-track. A half-track has front wheels, round\nwheels. The back was a track, like a tank. It's called a half-track. That's what\nthey call it. Half-track. Armored half-track. Our radio, our command ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"radio was\nthere. A gun crew was there with me. I operated the command section from that\nvehicle. That's where the orders came, from the vehicle that I was in.\n\nAROGETI: At this point in time, you're traveling east through France towards\nGermany. It's now summer of 1944.\n\nJUDGE COHN: Yes, August of 1944.\n\nAROGETI: So the weather now is still relatively mild?\n\nJUDGE COHN: Beautiful weather. Sunshine. Beautiful summer weather in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"France.\n\nAROGETI: You've just experienced, perhaps, one of the massive killing fields of\nWorld War II?\n\nJUDGE COHN: Yes.\n\nAROGETI: Now you're marching towards Germany. What was the sentiment of the\ntroops and the sentiment of people that you could talk to at that point in time?\n\nJUDGE COHN: Listen. Morale was high. It always was in my outfit. There was never\nbad morale in my outfit. The morale was high. What simply happened is, we never\nthought we would move that fast. Our ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"supplies didn't catch up with the main\nbody, and we ran out of gas.\n\nAROGETI: What happened to your unit once you ran out of gas?\n\nJUDGE COHN: We ran out of gas. It's a good thing the Germans didn't attack,\nbecause we couldn't have moved. We were immobilized. We ran out of gas just as\nwe came up towards the Thion came up to the Moselle River in a famous little\ntown called Thionville, which the Germans called Diedenhofen. That was a\nconfluence of which. We could always tell, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"basically, the attitude. When we were\ngoing through France in those days, the French women were jumping in our\nvehicles. They were giving us champagne. Vive l'Amérique! Everybody loved us.\nIt was just great stuff. Then as we start getting into Alsace-Lorraine, you know\nthe story of Alsace-Lorraine. In 1870 and 1871, they were taken away from\nFrance, the two provinces. They were given to Germany. After World War I, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when\nGermany was defeated, he went back to France. So Alsace and Lorraine . . . when\nwe got to Alsace-Lorraine, there was nobody out there cheering us. Everybody had\ntheir doors closed. They didn't know whether we would go in or the Germans would\ngo in. There were a lot of them. We didn't know whether they were pro-German or\npro-France. That's the way it was in those days. We hit the Moselle River. The\nMoselle River was like a little creek. In Columbus, we would call it like Bull\nCreek. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was a small creek. The Moselle River was just about dried up. Then we\nran out of gas, and then the rains came.\n\nAROGETI: When your unit ran out of gas, did you then set up camp either in a\ncity or pitch tents?\n\nJUDGE COHN: No. Let me tell you the way we operated. When we finally hit the\nMoselle River . . . I wrote an article for the Cavalry Journal in the attack on\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Metz later on. The city of Metz was holding out. They were south of us. Where we\nwere, there was a big French chateau right in the middle of our sector. We set\nup a cavalry screen along the Moselle River. The Germans were on the east side\nof the river. We were on the west side of the river. We set up cavalry patrols\nto make sure the Germans were not coming to our sector. We had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"combat patrols.\nWhen we were at Verdun, we lost our regimental commander. He was shot up and\ncaptured. At the same time, two of our officers who had a vehicle with the\nregimental colors was also nearly captured, but the Germans got our colors.\nLater on, there was a separate article in the United States History Journal\nwhere they called me up about it. We finally ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"recovered those colors back. It was\nSeptember 5, 1944. We were around Verdun, which was a great . . . I remember one\nof the old timers coming to me. General Collier. He pointed a little place on\nthe map. He says, \"Damn you young whippersnappers.\" I'll never forget the way he\nsaid it. He says, \"I spent nearly 60 days right in that patch of woods right\nthere.\" He pointed them out. He says, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Y'all went through it in two hours.\" That\nwas the difference in World War II and World War I. That was a static war. They\nfought from the trenches. We were moving all around. We could fight a smart war.\nIt was built for us, for cavalry, because of the road men and so forth. We\nfinally had to stop because we didn't have the gas. At that time, you will find\nthat ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they wanted to give the British First Army in Montgomery petro, as the\nBritish would call it, and we didn't have gas. George Patton was mad as hell. He\nsaid, \"Give me the damn gas, and I'll go to Berlin.\" And then the rains came.\nWhen the rains came, it presented a different situation. Now, the Moselle River,\nwhich was not an obstacle because it was practically dry, it became ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a big river.\nA big, wide river. The rains made it into a big, wide river. There we were. So,\nit became a static situation. Metz was holding out just south of us. The Saar\nand Moselle meet at that place, and the Germans were entrenched. We didn't use\nour vehicles. We had a static situation. We found out there was some rolling\nhills along the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"river, but we would get in these little French houses that were\nmade out of stone. We found out that we would lose more people to the elements\nthan to combat, because so many of our soldiers were getting trench foot digging\ninto the soil and everything. Our kids, we learned how to fight from houses. We\nlearned how to put our tanks in defilade and to put our tanks but command the\nterrain. We had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"combat patrols up and down the river. We were doing our job. We\nwere doing our job. In the meantime, we were living like kings in a big French\nchateau. When the guys from way back in headquarters, and they were living in\nthe dirt, we were living like kings. When they came up, I'll never forget it. We\ninvited one of the generals. When he saw his cavalry out there and the way we\nwere living, we even had three French maids who came in with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hot biscuits. I\nthought this general was going to fall out of his chair, but we knew how to live.\n\nAROGETI: It's now 1944. You're now in August, September, October of that year?\n\nJUDGE COHN: We didn't stay that long, because after the rains were over, in\nAugust, starting in September, and the attack on Metz. We attacked Metz. The\nMetz had not been taken since, I think, 1471. We provided the cavalry ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"screen\nnorth of Metz, the 5th Division, the 95th Division, and the 90th Division. I\nwrote in my article on this battle and our part of the Cavalry Journal. It's\nwritten in our unit history. We eliminated that. Metz, at first, did not fall\nbecause they had all these forts that surrounded Metz. The forts were from a\nFranco-Prussian war. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Third Army had a frontal assault. They couldn't make\nit. Finally, they had the 90th Division attacking from the north along the\nMoselle River and the 95th. We were north of them protecting their flank. Then\nthe Fifth Division was the south. We had a pincer movement where there was a\nroad going east. The higher-ups let this road be open so the Germans would get\non ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that road and retreat to the east. We let them get that. They had what we\ncall a horse-drawn artillery. None of their artillery was self-propelled. It was\nhorse-drawn. That's when artillery is more vulnerable than any time. We let them\nget out on that road, and they got out on that road. When they did, General\nWeyland's 19th TAC Air Force hit them on the road because we had knocked the\nLuftwaffe . . . we couldn't have done all of these things without the air force.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They had knocked the Luftwaffe out of the sky. We commanded the air. We could\nhave gone into Paris, but we didn't. We were told not to go into Paris. We had\npatrols in the Forest of Fontainebleau. I had sent messages out, \"Do not go into\nParis.\" Do you know what? It was the most amazing thing. Those vehicles used to\nbe back to back. We followed the 1st French Armored Division who went into Paris\nwhen we did not go into Paris because ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we were headed towards the east. The\nGermans got on that road, and our air force just tore them apart. You could see\nfor 50 miles. All you could see was dead Germans and dead horses. Up and down.\nIt was like a turkey shoot.\n\nAROGETI: Let me ask this question. Now it's August and September, 1944. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Judge,\nyou had just gone through, perhaps, yet another, what I call, killing fields of\nGerman soldiers and supplies. Around this same time, 1944, the fall of 1944,\nyou, as a Jewish soldier, Jewish commander, suddenly coming upon Rosh Ha-Shanah\nand Yom Kippur. What was it like being in combat in the military in perhaps one\nof the bloodiest ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wars of recent mankind to suddenly experience the Jewish New\nYear and the Day of Atonement? What was that like?\n\nJUDGE COHN: Joel, I didn't know whether it was Monday or Tuesday or Wednesday,\nand I didn't care. It was just one day after another. All we were thinking about\nwas our mission and what we were supposed to do. I never saw a rabbi the whole\ntime I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in combat. I didn't see a rabbi. As a matter of fact, we had two\nchaplains. We had a Catholic chaplain, who became my life-long friend, called\nFather Brennan. He later became a monsignor. I loved him dearly. He loved me\ndearly. I had told him if I was killed, I wanted him to take care of me. He\nbecame a monsignor. He was in Providence, Rhode Island. He's gone now, but\nGeorge Brennan was one of the finest chaplains I've ever known in my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"life. We\nalso had a protestant chaplain named K. K. Cunningham from Missouri. He was the\nbest scrounger in Europe. If you wanted to find some wine or some booze or you\nwanted to find some weapons or something that we needed for supplies, he would\nfind it for you. He was called the best scrounger we ever had.\n\nAROGETI: So for you as a commander and as a soldier, come August, September,\nOctober, you were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so involved in your mission, protecting yourself, protecting\nyour men, that you had effectively lost track of time?\n\nJUDGE COHN: I lost track of time. I wasn't interested in whether it was Monday,\nTuesday, or Wednesday. We knew the dates and so forth, but Sunday was another\nday. Shabbos was another day. I adopted the theory, you know, the Rabbinical\nConference had always said, \"In times of emergency,\" like we were, \"dietary\nlaws, everything was out of the book.\" I had no problem ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with any of this. That's\nwhy I didn't have a rabbi. That never worried me. I did not grow up in a\nbackground of just . . . I was not into a . . . I was Jewish in a small southern\ntown. I assimilated. Not my religion. I was always an affirmative Jew. But I\nlearned to live with my Christian friends and show them that I could compete\nwith them, that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was as good an American as them, if not better, and more\nsensitive to the needs of our country because of what they had done for my family.\n\nAROGETI: So it's the fall of 1944. You had just gone through the Battle of Metz.\nYou were engaged in heavy combat at this time. You were observing everything.\nNow you're coming into the latter part of the fall of 1944 and approaching\nwinter of 1944. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tell us a little bit about what was it like as a military\nofficer and commander in Europe, marching towards Germany. You are going through\nthe Alsace-Lorraine. What was it like?\n\nJUDGE COHN: Finally, we couldn't do anything until we crossed the river. Once\nMetz fell, we crossed the river to aid in the fall of Metz. After Metz fell, we\nfought in the Saar-Moselle Triangle and got into what we call the Palatinate.\nThat's the land between the Moselle River ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the Rhine River. Little by little,\nwe did our job. But it was slow going. The rain was coming in. We didn't have\nthe weather. The Germans became much more affirmative and so forth. In December,\nwe were still, a part of us were on the Moselle River. We spent nearly 90 days\naround the Moselle River, up and down the Moselle River valley. I'll never\nforget, on Christmas day . . . I mean, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on December 16, 1944, my colonel had\nasked me to go to the 4th Division, my old division, who was now in Luxembourg,\nto see if we could get some artillery to clear out the Saar-Moselle and uncover\nour front, so to speak. If we uncovered the front, then we wouldn't have the\nGermans. We were on one side of the river. The Germans were on the other side of\nthe river. All of a sudden, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=4830.0,4860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on December 16, I have to tell my old buddies in the\n4th Division, \"Hey you got it made.\" We were on our dens then . . . It was real\nlull all of a sudden. Then on December 16, 1944, in the fog and the rain and\neverything, then it hit. That was the beginning of the Battle of the Bulge. We\nwere very fortunate in the Battle of the Bulge. We were very fortunate ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because\nwe were on the tip end of the bulge. We were not in the very center of the\nbulge. We were guarding the flank of the third army. The rest is history. The\nThird Army was attacking to the east. Then we couldn't attack to the east\nanymore because General Patton had our Third Army attack to the north. He had\ngiven orders what to do. They left us along the river, guarding a 23 mile front\nalong the river, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we wanted to make sure the Germans didn't attack the underbelly\nof the bulge. So, that was our mission. I say, that maybe Adolph Hitler saved my\nlife. The reason I can say that is because we picked up some prisoners of war,\nwho said . . . Division during the Battle of the Bulge had been committed by von\nRundstedt, and they were going to attack right through our sector. We were a\nlight calvary unit, and they were one of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"elite . . . divisions in Europe. I\nsay that Adolph Hitler helped save my life. Why? Because he countermanded the order.\n\nAROGETI: The German commanders in the field gave an order to effectively attack\nwhere you were stationed.\n\nJUDGE COHN: Yes.\n\nAROGETI: Yet, Hitler overruled his generals?\n\nJUDGE COHN: Yes, he overruled von Rundstedt, who had given the order. That's\nwhat the prisoners' of war told us. I think it was verified, but he said no. He\ndid ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not want to commit that division. So I say, when Hitler, who was the\ncommander in chief, although he was a corporal . . . when he countermanded von\nRundstedt's order, I think he saved my life because no longer would we have to\nstop. The . . . Division fighting an armored cavalry regiment over a 23 mile\nfront is like asking a light weight boxer to knock out a heavy weight. They had\nheavy tanks ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=4980.0,5010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mark VI. We were not equipped. We used to have a saying in the\ncavalry recon unit sometimes based on our mission: He who runs away today, lives\nto fight another day. We did not want confrontation with units. You cannot beat\nup pocket battleships with a little light cruiser. That's what we were. I\nmention that because people say hey, who saved your life over there? I say\nHitler saved my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"life. If I want to look at it that way.\n\nAROGETI: It's now December 16. You're in the Battle of the Bulge. You are\nprotecting your flanks. Winter is approaching or winter is there in full force\nand effect. You are there on the cusp, so to speak, of this Battle of the Bulge.\n\nJUDGE COHN: The rest is history. After that storm, all of a sudden, my God, the\nsunshine came out. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=5040.0,5070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The clouds left. The fog left. You looked up at the sky, and\nyou didn't see anything but American planes. God, it was the most gorgeous\nsight. Then, the rest is history. That was Hitler's last gasp. They retreated.\nThey let them get back across the Rhine River.\n\nAROGETI: The German's retreated over the Rhine?\n\nJUDGE COHN: They went over the Rhine. That was their next line of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"defense. We\nhad our friends, the 9th Armored Division, who had never been in combat. They\ncame to see us. My best friend was a guy named Tom Greenfield, who was with the\nGreen Bay Packers. Tom Greenfield was a great guy. Tom was a captain. He says,\n\"I had a message sent out to the troops.\" I would give it to Tom and Tom would\ncall me chief. He would say, \"Chief, why are you always giving me these\nmessages?\" I said, \"Tom, because ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=5100.0,5130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I know if a big damn dumb football player like\nyou can understand it, anybody in the regiment can understand it.\" He was my\nlifelong friend. He lives out in Arizona. We talk to each other all of the time.\nWhat happened was, the rest is history. The 9th Armored Division said we can't\nwait to get in there.\n\nAROGETI: So the Germans are retreating. The 9th Division is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there. Your cavalry\ngroup is ready and charged up.\n\nJUDGE COHN: The 9th Division, they are the ones who took the . . . bridge. The\n9th Armored Division, not the 9th Infantry Division. We got a bridgehead across\nthe river. My unit crossed the Rhine River on March 3 on my birthday.\n\nAROGETI: In 1945.\n\nJUDGE COHN: In 1945, we crossed the Rhine. Little by little, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=5160.0,5190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we slogged on\nthrough. We hit the German-Swiss line. We hit the Siegfried Line. We went back\nlater on after the war, the Siegfried Line. I went with my colonel. I had a\ngreat colonel named James H. Polk, who commanded my regiment. He and I were\nlifelong friends after the war. He was a great soldier. He later became a\nfour-star general. He was from El Paso, Texas.\n\nAROGETI: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=5190.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me ask this question. I'm going to stop for a moment. It's now\nMarch, 1945. Tell us what you heard back from the military, the community,\nwhatever, if anything about what was going on in Germany, Poland, and\nCzechoslovakia, about the concentration camps.\n\nJUDGE COHN: I didn't know anything about the concentration camps until we got\ninto Germany. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=5220.0,5250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"About April 1, I think I saw my first concentration camp, Ohrdruf.\nO-H-R-D-R-U-F. One of the first camps. It was in the western part of Germany. I\nsaw it because they wanted us to see it. That's when I saw what was happening.\n\nAROGETI: Tell us, as a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=5250.0,5280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"witness to history, particularly in light of what has\nhappened in the world today. Like I said, it's April 16, but just less than a\nweek an English court issued a decision, finding that an Emory University\nprofessor of Judaic Studies, Deborah Lipstadt, who wrote a book about people\ndenying the Holocaust was sued by David Irving, a reputed historian, who ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=5280.0,5310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sued\nDr. Lipstadt, alleging that by calling him a Holocaust denier somehow he had\ndefamed her. The British court found in favor of Professor Lipstadt, not only\nfound that Irving was a Holocaust denier and pseudo-historian, but also entered\nan order requiring the pseudo-historian to pay Professor Lipstadt's attorneys\nfees, but you are a witness to history. No one, not your wife, not your\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=5310.0,5340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children, no one can tell the story that you saw with your eyes. What you\nsmelled, what you tasted, what you touched in April, 1945. Will you please tell\nus about that?\n\nJUDGE COHN: I only saw Ohrdruf after the Germans had left. I didn't talk to any\ninmates then. That was the first camp that I had seen. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=5340.0,5370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The rest is history. We\nhad no problems slicing through Germany and beating the living hell out of them,\nwhich we should have done. Then, as we were headed towards the end of the war,\nwe were headed into the Austrian Alps. We were told that Tito's and his\nguerillas might come up into our sector. We ended the war down ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=5370.0,5400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"towards Austria.\n\nAROGETI: Now it's April, May . . .\n\nJUDGE COHN: No. This was, I told you, the end of the war. We ended the war in\nthat area. This was around May 3, 4, and 5. Just before the war was over. We\nwent down there, and our tank company, Fox Company, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=5400.0,5430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"told us that they had run\ninto a concentration camp. My colonel said, \"Aaron, go down to see them. See\nwhat is going on.\" He told me to go. When I went in, when I walked into the\ncamp, they were standing around in their striped outfits. There must have been,\nI would say, 100 of them. There must have been about 50 or 75 dead, lying there\non the ground with their ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=5430.0,5460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"eyes looking at the sky. Maggots all over them. The\nguards had fled, but they were there, and they didn't know what was going on. I\nthink I was the first Jew they ever saw. The 80th Division said they liberated\nit. We said we liberated the camp. Both of us got there about the same time.\nThey were a division, and they get credit for it, but my unit is written up in\nthe history book, the 3rd Calvary ran into it. We liberated that part of it.\n\nAROGETI: Tell us, you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=5460.0,5490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"saw German Jews or European Jews . . .\n\nJUDGE COHN: They were from all over Europe. When I walked in, I had on tank\nboots and a helmet. It was 1945, so I was 29-years-old. When I walked in, they\nshrunk back. One of them said, \"Das ist ein Schutzstaffel meier.\"\n\nAROGETI: This is the second ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=5490.0,5520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tape on April 16, 2000. This is Joel Arogeti. I'm\ninterviewing Judge Aaron Cohn of Columbus, Georgia. Judge, you were just telling\nus the story of the liberation of the concentration camp. One of the first\nthings an inmate had said to you upon seeing a young 29-year-old soldier wearing\na helmet and tank boots. He spoke to you in German. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=5520.0,5550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What did he say to you, and\nwhat did you say back to him?\n\nJUDGE COHN: I had my shoulder holster gun across my chest. Tankers usually carry\ntheir handguns that way, at least we did. I don't even know who said it. As I\nwalked into the courtyard of the camp, there were approximately 100 ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=5550.0,5580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"inmates\nstanding there. They were living skeletons. They looked like cadavers. There\nwere about 50 dead, lying there in the courtyard. Nobody said a word except,\nthey shrunk back from me. One person in the crowd, I heard him say, \"Das ist ein\nSchutzstaffel meier,\" which means in German that I was an SS major. I turned to\nthem. I said, \"Nein.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=5580.0,5610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"No.\" \"Iben ein Schutzstaffel meier.\" \"I'm not an SS\nmajor.\" When I said I was an American major and was not an SS major, I was the\nfirst American they had seen. Then they began to crowd toward me. When they did,\nI said \"Ich bin ein amerikanischer Jude.\" \"I'm an American Jew.\" When I said\nthat, it was like the super bowl. They ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=5610.0,5640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kissed me. They hugged me. The put their\narms around me. They really wanted to lift me up, but I think they were too weak\nto do so. That was my part in the liberation. They were just so overjoyed. I\nspent nearly three days there because we were told to just hold tight there.\nThen we were ordered to cross the Alps like Hannibal to meet the British 8th\nArmy coming up because we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=5640.0,5670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did not want Tito and his guerillas to come up through\nthe mountain passes. That was when the war ended, right in that area with us. I\ntalked to other people there. I saw the camp. These barbarians were the biggest\nbastards in the world. They were the most systematic extermination of a people.\nLet me tell you how the barracks were. There were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=5670.0,5700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seven or eight barracks. When\nyou first reported there, you went into barrack number one. Of course, they\ndidn't feed you very well. Naturally. You work there in slave labor, and then\nyou went to barracks two. Then you went to barracks three. Then you went to\nbarracks four and barracks five. In other words, the longer you were there, the\nless food you got, the more you went towards the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=5700.0,5730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"crematorium. The last one that\nyou went to, and I saw some of them. These people were just lying there in their\nexcrement. Just lying in their excrement, and they were dying. From there, that\nlast place, that's when they went to the crematorium. In other words, it was a\nsystematic way of . . . and, of course, they kept wonderful records. That's one\nthing about the Germans, they kept wonderful ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=5730.0,5760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"records. That's the reason, of\ncourse, we have found them out and able to do the job that we've done, but\nthat's the way it was. The crematorium I saw, I talked to the people there. They\ntold me their stories. The horrible part of all of this was, the man that I\ntalked to the most who kissed my hand and told me that I must tell my story when\nI get back to the United States. He made me promise that. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=5760.0,5790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've done so at lots\nof civic clubs that I've been to and the Holocaust things. What he told me, he\nsaid, \"I was born in Vienna.\" He says, \"The bones of my ancestors lie in this\ngodforsaken land.\" He says, \"I will leave this godforsaken place,\" he said, \"but\nI want you to know, Major Cohn, look at me.\" He says, \"I was a lieutenant in the\nAustrian army, and I was decorated by the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=5790.0,5820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Emperor Franz Joseph himself for\nbravery. I received the Austrian Iron Cross.\" He says, \"My family lived in\nVienna, and they lived here for 800 years. I was one of the leading lawyers.\nLook at me now, and I am now going to leave here. We are going to get out of\nthis damn place. We are going to go to our own country in Israel where no one\nwill ever drive us out.\" He says, \"You must remember ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=5820.0,5850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this and tell this story.\"\nI said, \"I won't ever forget it.\"\n\nAROGETI: Do you know the name of that gentleman?\n\nJUDGE COHN: I don't know his name at all. Don't know his name at all. Don't know\nhis name at all. I have talked to lots of the others. I talked to a young lady\nwho the Gestapo came at three o'clock in the morning, drove she, her father, her\nlittle brother, her mother, her grandmother, out of the house. It was snowing.\nThey made them get out immediately. Right away, they took the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=5850.0,5880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grandmother over\nhere, the grandfather over there. They sent her to a brothel. Her little\nbrother, she never saw again. She told me the whole story. When I got back to\nthe United States, people didn't ever want to hear this. I was not Don Quixote\ntilting the windmills. My synagogue didn't want to talk about it. The temple\ndidn't want to talk about it. Nobody wanted to talk about it. Nobody wanted to\ntalk about it. I just went back to my civilian life, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=5880.0,5910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stayed in the army reserve,\nand went back to practicing law.\n\nAROGETI: We'll talk about . . . we are going to finish up this loop of your career.\n\nJUDGE COHN: Of course, that was the way it was. We went down below Klagenfurt.\nWe ran into the British 8th Army. We were there for a few days. Then we went to\nGunden, Austria, and the war was over.\n\nAROGETI: When you say the war was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=5910.0,5940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over, how did you receive notice from your\ncommanding officer or . . . ?\n\nJUDGE COHN: I got a message that came to me. I still have a copy of it in my\noffice, in which they declared the Cessation of Hostilities. And we passed it on\nto the troops.\n\nAROGETI: How long was it from the declaration that the war was over, stopped,\nfrom the time that you were able to return back to Columbus, Georgia?\n\nJUDGE COHN: I came back ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=5940.0,5970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"around November, 1945. I was the high point man because\nI had been in the army. You have to have lots of points. I did not come back\nwith my original unit. I came back with the 90th Infantry Division, soldiers of\nthe 90th Division.\n\nAROGETI: Did you spend any significant time transitioning down, making sure that\nareas were safe, that even the Germans knew that the war was over, or did\neverybody just drop their weapons?\n\nJUDGE COHN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=5970.0,6000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'll tell you how I remember the war was over, because on my way,\nabout two days, we always sweated out. We'd get killed right before the war was\nover. About two days before the war . . . we had one of our young officers was\nkilled a day before the peace. I was going from one town to another. There was a\nfluid situation. The Germans all wanted to surrender to Americans. They did not\nwant to surrender to the Russians.\n\nAROGETI: Why is that?\n\nJUDGE COHN: Because they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=6000.0,6030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"knew they would receive good treatment under the Geneva\nConvention with Americans. But with the Russians, they didn't know what the\nRussians would do with them. They were horrified to be captured by the Russians.\nThey wanted to surrender to Americans. I went down the road, and I saw a German\nboy, a young German soldier. Hitler now had 16-year-olds in there, and he was\nthere. He stuck his hand out. He wanted me to capture him. I said, \"Wait a\nminute. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=6030.0,6060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I haven't got time. I have to go.\" He says . . . he spoke English. He\ntold me, he says, \"There are 100 soldiers in that little village you just\npassed. They could have killed me. They could have ambushed me, but they were\nall hidden. They wanted to wait to surrender to somebody.\" I said, \"Well, I've\ngot to go back because I want to make sure.\" I took him. I had a machine gun\njeep. I said, \"If I see you not doing what you're supposed to do, we are going\nto kill you.\" He says, \"Don't you worry. I'll show you what I am going to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=6060.0,6090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do.\"\nHe went, and I heard him holler, \"Der Amerikaner ist hier.\" \"The American is\nhere.\" And they all came out. I had a machine gun jeep. There had to be about\n100 German soldiers. They all lined up. I told them throw their weapons. They\nthrew their weapons down. I had on nothing but a 45 machine gun. All of a sudden\na guy says in perfect English, he says to me, \"Major, please put that goddamn\ngun ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=6090.0,6120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up. You are going to get one of us killed.\" I said, \"Who the hell said\nthat?\" This guy said, \"I did.\" I said, \"Who the hell are you?\" He said, \"Well,\nI'm from Cincinnati, Ohio.\" I said, \"What are you doing in the German army?\" He\nsays, \"I was visiting with my momma, who was from Germany, and when the war\nstarted, they would not let me go back to the United States. They drafted me.\" I\nsaid, \"You take these lunkheads, line them up in columnar fours. There is a POW\ncamp right down the road.\" Because they were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=6120.0,6150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"surrendering by the thousands.\nThere went my boys, 100 of them. They went on down the road. But we never knew\nwhether we were going to meet up with some fanatic SS unit hidden in the woods.\nYou would ride down the road, and you were dead by ambush.\n\nAROGETI: Were land mines an issue?\n\nJUDGE COHN: The Germans didn't have time to put any land mines in this part of\nthe country because they were never in a defensive position. It was such a fluid\nsituation. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=6150.0,6180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Germans just disintegrated.\n\nAROGETI: It was not uncommon for you to see German soldiers with their hands up\nmarching towards a prisoner of war camp?\n\nJUDGE COHN: Not at all. Not at all. In those days. It was the last few days of\nthe war.\n\nAROGETI: Transitioning back home, you . . .\n\nJUDGE COHN: I went back home. I came home on a little merchant marine ship. I\nlanded ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=6180.0,6210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at Hampton Roads, Virginia. I came back home and . . .\n\nAROGETI: It's now . . . you've now been overseas, what, a little over a year?\n\nJUDGE COHN: I left for overseas in 1944, in the spring of 1944, about the end of\nspring 1944. I came back in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=6210.0,6240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"latter part of October, 1945.\n\nAROGETI: Almost a year and a half?\n\nJUDGE COHN: Year and a half.\n\nAROGETI: You have not seen your family?\n\nJUDGE COHN: Oh, no.\n\nAROGETI: Were you able to correspond periodically?\n\nJUDGE COHN: Yes. I would write letters to Janet Ann.\n\nAROGETI: And letters got back to you?\n\nJUDGE COHN: Yes. During the Battle of the Bulge, she was always sending me\nthings. She would send me stuff like wurst, bologna sandwiches, sardines.\nDifferent things. Bread. Different things.\n\nAROGETI: Were you able to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=6240.0,6270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"receive packages?\n\nJUDGE COHN: Some of it. I always shared it with my gun crew. I shared everything\nwith my gun crew. I used to get, what we call, a Nafi ration. I would swap a\nbottle of scotch for two bottles of gin and get some grape juice. In my outfit,\nI would give them . . . we would drink together. You know, when you were the gun\ncrew, rank didn't mean a damn thing. The 88 millimeter shell that went through\nthat half-track wouldn't stop and not kill me because I was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=6270.0,6300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"major. I once went\ninto the line when we had a vehicle, we would go into the line, half-track, we\nwere replacing an outfit that had been there, been in combat. The corps\ncommander, where I sat, and the driver were sitting there. There was nothing but\ntheir necks. An 8 8 millimeter shell had come through and knocked off both of\ntheir heads. My driver was named Frank Pemerochi from Massachusetts. We called\nhim penochle. I said, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=6300.0,6330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Penochle, don't you dare do that to me. You are driving\nthis vehicle. Goddamn it if you let that happen to me.\" I said, \"I'll never\nspeak to you again as long as I live.\" Sergeant Mowin was from Iowa. He was a\nbig, wonderful guy. Mowin used to always say, \"When the war is over, we all\ngoing to go to Georgia and eat fried chicken and potato salad with Major Cohn.\"\nRank didn't mean a damn thing to me. They knew I had a job to do. They had a\njob. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=6330.0,6360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is a way of getting along with enlisted men if you are an officer by\nshowing that you are a leader. You care about them. You want to help them out.\nThat they are your guys, and you protect them. That's what a leader is all\nabout. See, here's what you learn in the cavalry. If you had a horse or a\nvehicle. First, you brought the horse back, and you went to stables. You took\ncare of your horse. You saw he was groomed, you saw he was taken care of. Then\nyou took care of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=6360.0,6390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"your equipment. After you took care of your equipment, then you\ntook care of your men. After you took care of your men and your equipment and\nyou equip everything else, then you could take care of yourself. You came last.\nEverything else was first. That's the mark of a leader. The same thing happens\nin civilian life. Same thing.\n\nAROGETI: Now you're transitioning back. You've just been through one of the\nbloodiest wars of mankind. You're now ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=6390.0,6420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"transitioning back to civilian life. You\nreturn back to Columbus, Georgia, your wife, your 18-month-old, two-year-old daughter.\n\nJUDGE COHN: She didn't know me.\n\nAROGETI: You had some adjusting to do getting to know.\n\nJUDGE COHN: She didn't know me. I have the same thing in my court with guys who\nhave gone overseas. They have been overseas two years. They haven't seen their\nchild. They come back. They expect their child to immediately respond to them,\nand the child doesn't respond. Then they start beating the hell out of them. I\nhave had that in my court before with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=6420.0,6450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"army people. It took a long time for my\ndaughter, Gail, to understand I was her father and her grandfather was not her father.\n\nAROGETI: Let's talk a little bit about your life. You're now coming back to\nColumbus. You're coming back to civilian life. You got a wife and a child. Your\nfamily is still there. Your parents were alive at this time?\n\nJUDGE COHN: Yes. They were all there.\n\nAROGETI: All there. So you came back to, what, a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=6450.0,6480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hero's welcome?\n\nJUDGE COHN: Except my wife's brother. My wife's brother was 18-years-old. He was\nkilled in combat.\n\nAROGETI: Tell us what his name is.\n\nJUDGE COHN: His name was Leslie Lilienthal, Jr. Graduated Castle Heights\nMilitary Academy. He was 19-years-old, 18-years-old. He was a rifleman. He was a\nrifle replacement. He was assigned to General Charlie Gerhardt, 29th Division,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=6480.0,6510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who had lasted D-Day. He was killed fighting around Fort Kerenroux on September\nthe 13th, 1944. He is now still buried in the Brittany United States Military\nCemetery, in Lot 11, Plot 5, between a kid from Arkansas and a kid from Texas. I\ndid not want my . . . Janet Ann's parents to bring him back. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=6510.0,6540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Star of David\nis there on his grave. I wanted to make sure . . .\n\nAROGETI: Let's talk a little bit about . . .\n\nJUDGE COHN: I wanted to make sure that they understand that not only Christians\ndied for the United States of America, but we Jews played our part.\n\nAROGETI: That was going to be my point.\n\nJUDGE COHN: Yes. I wanted them to know that.\n\nAROGETI: You were there. You were firsthand in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=6540.0,6570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"person combat soldier who knew\nthat people of all religions and races and colors and creeds fought in the war.\nIs there anything that you can share to us historically about what it like in\nthe south? Talk a little bit about black and Jewish relations, either in the\nmilitary . . .\n\nJUDGE COHN: I saw the black soldiers with the 761st Tank Battalion. I saw the\nblack ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=6570.0,6600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"soldiers put their life on the line. When I came back in Columbus,\nGeorgia, and I had some personal experiences representing young blacks, dealing\nwith race relationships. I was sick about how the blacks were treated with those\nlousy Jim Crow laws. I always said, I hope someday that I would be in a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=6600.0,6630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"position\nto do my part in bettering race relations between the blacks and the whites.\nI've had a chance to do that in 35 years on the bench.\n\nAROGETI: Let's talk a little bit. You returned back to Columbus. It's now 1945.\nYou had to rekindle your legal career.\n\nJUDGE COHN: Yes.\n\nAROGETI: Basically from scratch. You had been in the military for a number of\nyears and now returning to a private practice of law.\n\nJUDGE COHN: Yes.\n\nAROGETI: Tell us a little bit about your family ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=6630.0,6660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and your practice of law. Bring\nus . . . tell us a little bit about Columbus history. Columbus, Georgia's\nhistory in the mid-1945.\n\nJUDGE COHN: Columbus history, as you know, most of my clients when I came back\nwere not any of the older Jewish families or Jewish businessmen that had been in\nbusiness all those years. Everybody had made their connections and so forth.\nThere were still a few sometimes about, you know, \"It's best ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=6660.0,6690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not to get a Jewish\nlawyer if you got a problem in the courtroom.\" I've run into that. It didn't\nbother me. The people I represented were, 50 percent of them were the young\nblacks who had returned from the service, some of my non-Jewish friends who were\nstarting new businesses. People of my age. I was not proud. I would take\ncollections. I would take anything that was honest. I was like a country ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=6690.0,6720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lawyer.\nLittle by little, I took my time. I didn't want to take anything that I didn't\nlike. I was not a gun for hire. I still had stars in my eyes to the extent that\nI felt like the old saying. This may sound corny, but \"the object of all legal\ninvestigation is the truth.\" I just took the things that I felt comfortable\nwith. I would not take anything else. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=6720.0,6750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It took a long time for me to make a\ndecent living. We lived with the folks, well, maybe . . . my son, Leslie, was\nborn there in 1947. Two years later, we were still living with my wife's\nparents. For two years. They wanted me to go into the clothing business with Dad\nwhen his only son was killed in combat. He had a beautiful store like\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=6750.0,6780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Regenstein's in Atlanta. It was called Kayser-Lilienthal. They sold ladies'\nclothes. They offered me about anything I wanted. But I said it was just not for\nme. My non-Jewish friends who practiced law thought I was crazy. They said,\n\"Aaron, you are going to give all of that up?\" I told them, well, you guys\nalways think the Jews just love money. I said, \"I am not going to spend the rest\nof my life . . . \" There was no merchant in my family. I said, \"I'm not going to\nsell ladies' clothes for the rest of my life.\" I said, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=6780.0,6810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"I was a lawyer before\nand I'm going back to what I know best. I want to be a lawyer. I'm going back to\nbeing a lawyer, even though I don't have the first client.\" I hung up my\nshingle. I had an office. My god, it was so hot in there. There was no\nair-conditioning. But my friends said, \"You're crazy.\"\n\nAROGETI: Did you practice on your own, or did you practice with a group of other lawyers?\n\nJUDGE COHN: Practiced on my own. I took what the other lawyers didn't want.\n\nAROGETI: In ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=6810.0,6840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1947, you said your son Leslie was born?\n\nJUDGE COHN: Leslie was born.\n\nAROGETI: The first son of Aaron Cohn?\n\nJUDGE COHN: Yes. The one and only.\n\nAROGETI: The one and only. Tell us about your children. Gail is your oldest?\n\nJUDGE COHN: Yes.\n\nAROGETI: Leslie is your son.\n\nJUDGE COHN: Gail is my oldest. Leslie is my son. He graduated University of\nGeorgia as a distinguished military graduate. He felt about this country the way\nI did. He was a DMG. They offered him a commission in the regular army, but . . .\n\nAROGETI: A DMG is?\n\nJUDGE COHN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=6840.0,6870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Distinguished Military Graduate. I want to say one thing. I ended up\nin the army as a . . . I retired from the army after 28-27 years of service as a\nfull colonel in 1964. In 1964, I received a letter from the Department of\nDefense that I was in the Zone of Consideration. I was in the Zone of\nConsideration for promotion to brigadier general. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=6870.0,6900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My youngest daughter, Jane,\nwas born in 1950. Today, I want you to stand because there are not that many\nJewish generals. I was in a good position at that time. I was still in the army.\nI had not retired, but then I was appointed on the bench. I felt like I just\ncouldn't do it all. I had to make a choice, so I did. I went ahead and retired\nfrom the army because I was going ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=6900.0,6930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the bench. I felt like I couldn't do it all.\n\nAROGETI: Tell us a little bit about that experience. In the early 1960s, there\nwere not very many . . . there were Jewish lawyers but not very many Jewish\njurists. Judges.\n\nJUDGE COHN: Yes.\n\nAROGETI: Tell us about that experience.\n\nJUDGE COHN: I was appointed in 1964. My wife did not want me to go on the bench.\nShe said, \"You will be judging other ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=6930.0,6960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people's children, and lots of these people\nare friends of ours we've known all of our life.\" I told Janet Ann . . . I\nfinally told her, \"I won't do it then. Okay. Just don't hawk me. Go to bed and\nquit hawking me.\" The next morning, I told Jan I was going to go down and I was\ngoing to take the appointment. The reason I took the appointment, Joel, is\nbecause a lot of times . . . there would never have been a Jewish judge in\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=6960.0,6990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Columbus. Sometimes we complain about so many things happening in the community,\nand we don't want to get in there and get dirty with criticisms and this, that,\nand the other. That didn't bother me at all. I kind of felt like I did when I\nwent in the army. I think it is pay-back time. I felt it's about time that the\nJews who are offered a position in public life in a community should go into\npublic life, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=6990.0,7020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so I did. I've never regretted it. It has brought me lots of\nfrustrations, of course, on individual cases, but the rewards are so great, so\ngreat when you see these young people that you had 35 years ago. They're now\nbusinessmen or they are police officers or they are deputy sheriffs. They\nremember you and what you did for them years ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=7020.0,7050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ago. They just come up to you and\nwant to show you pictures of their children. They talk about old times and what\nit meant to them. I get that every day of my life. They say man does not live by\nbread alone. My rewards in my community have been so numerous and so many\ndifferent things, not monetarily, but from being someone who was a part of the\ncommunity and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=7050.0,7080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"help people out.\n\nAROGETI: I don't want to fast forward 1964 now to the year 2000 because there\nare close to 25 plus years of a lifetime of experience. But I want to tape the\nnext portion of our conversation because, again, this is an oral history\nproject. The 1960s were very tumultuous times in the south. You were a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=7080.0,7110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"judge.\nWe're not going to go through the entire 25 years, but what was it like being in\nthe early 1960s as a Judge and being Jewish?\n\nJUDGE COHN: Let me tell you about this. In 1960, at the height of the Civil\nRights Movement, we had . . . voter registration was very bad. They asked me to\nserve as a Chief Voter Registrar in Muscogee County, Georgia, my superior court\njudges. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=7110.0,7140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I told them, there is no such thing as a second-class citizen in the\nUnited States. When I came back, Joel, the first thing I wanted to do, I wanted\nto make a better world. I'm not trying to be melodramatic, but I had seen all of\nthe suffering. I had seen the hatred. I had seen . . . I told Janet Ann, I says,\n\"I wouldn't live in Europe if they gave me the whole continent. They can never\nforget their nationalistic feelings. They don't have the feeling that we have.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=7140.0,7170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Even though we have prejudice in the United States, still there's nothing like\nUnited States of America. The principles that we've got. The fact that we have\ntaken people . . . I don't call it a melting pot. I think of people of various\ncultures, various religions . . . it's not a melting pot. Everybody has retained\ntheir culture, their religion, and we have . . . Hitler said we were a polyarchy\ncountry that could never match ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=7170.0,7200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Germans because of the . . . they were\nlooking for the master race. We have done something in this country that nobody\nhas ever done. We have taken people of every ethnic background, and we molded\nthis democracy where everybody has a right to live. We are a country of laws and\nnot a country of men. We, for instance, when there is a transition, we don't\nkill each other over the transition. It's a successful ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=7200.0,7230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"transition. To me, that\nwas what was so great about this country. I wanted to be a part of that. So I\nsaid, \"Yes, I'll take that job.\" I said, \"There's not going to be anybody that's\nnot going to vote because of their race.\" They said, \"We know that, and that's\nwhy we want you to do it.\" So from 1960 to 1964, I was the Chief Voter\nRegistrar. I got a lot of pressures. I got some pressures from blacks and from\nwhites. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=7230.0,7260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Junior chamber of commerce president, who later became mayor of the\ntown, he wanted me to set up booths in a certain place. I said, no. A black\nactor wanted me to do it, and he said he was going to get my job. I told him,\n\"You want my job, you can have this damn job. It's the hardest job I ever had.\"\nI says, \"I'll tell you how much I make on this job.\" He looked around and said,\n\"How much?\" I said, \"After they take out my social security ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=7260.0,7290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and\nhospitalization,\" I said, \"I get $3.62 a month.\" He said, \"Man, you are kidding\nme.\" I said, \"Man, I kid you not.\" What we did in Columbus, Georgia, we set up\nbig tents downtown. I had whites registering blacks and blacks registering\nwhites. I wasn't the only person. That was what we wanted to do. We did not want\na polarization. We did a good job in voting. I think this was the beginning ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=7290.0,7320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of a\ngood year in Columbus, Georgia. People don't talk about it. They have forgotten\nabout it, but I remember it well. I was more proud of that four years that I had\nas Chief Voter Registrar, the fact that we never had the first federal agent\ncoming down there and saying we were discriminating against everybody because\nthis was something that I hated. I hated the Jim Crow laws. I hated the county\nunit system. I hated all those things that made blacks second-degree citizens.\nAnd democracy ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=7320.0,7350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"works. The same token, in Selma, Alabama, where my wife was born,\nI used to call up some people over there that I knew real well. They said they\nweren't going to do it. They asked me, what are you going to do about it in\nColumbus, Georgia? I told them what we were going to do. They said, well, we are\nnot. This particular person, I don't want to mention his name, but he was\nJewish. I said, \"You will rue the day. This is not 1860. This is 1960.\" I used\nto call him up every day. I said, \"How does it look over there?\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=7350.0,7380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They said,\n\"Boy, the tail end. Everybody in the world is over here.\" I said, \"Well, you\nasked for it, and you got it.\" I says, \"As Jews, we should know what it is to be\nsecond-class citizens.\"\n\nAROGETI: Selma, Alabama, was particularly noted back in the 1960s because of its\nracial . . .\n\nJUDGE COHN: But in Georgia, in certain counties, it was the same thing. Listen,\nI know a county . . . I am not going to mention the county's name, near\nColumbus, Georgia. If you were black, you just didn't vote. That's all there was\nto it. It was a real . . . they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=7380.0,7410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"knew he who controlled the ballot box controlled\nthe destiny of the community. We know what we got today. Lots of people have\nforgotten about it. It wasn't so long ago, and I was part of that. So I just\nwanted to do . . . obviously I joined everything in the world. The YMCA. I went\nto maybe 100 different churches talking about Judaism. My army friends used to\nsay, my YMCA ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=7410.0,7440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"friends say, \"Aaron, what makes y'all tick?\" I went to more\nBrotherhoods and people talking about what Judaism stood for and everything. I\nwanted to make it a better community for my children.\n\nAROGETI: Tell us a little bit about the community. Tell us a little bit about\nthe synagogue that you had grown up in Shearith Israel. You said earlier in our\ndiscussion that over the years it had transformed itself from an Orthodox\nsynagogue to a Conservative.\n\nJUDGE COHN: That wasn't the reason. I really belonged to Temple Israel after I\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=7440.0,7470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"married Janet Ann because they were still giving sermons in Yiddish when I left\nColumbus, Georgia. I just didn't understand it. It was not modern enough for me\nto comprehend the sermons and so forth. When I went to the University of\nGeorgia, we had some wonderful young rabbis who inspired me, and I liked the\nservice. So I lean more towards Reform Judaism.\n\nAROGETI: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=7470.0,7500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Could you share any of the names of any of those rabbis you might remember?\n\nJUDGE COHN: I remember when Rabbi Shusterman was there. He became one of the\ngreat leaders in Reform Judaism. Rabbi Shusterman was just getting ready to\nleave when I first came there. Then I had Larry Block, Rabbi Lawrence Block, who\nwas out of the University of Texas, who was a wonderful person. When I came back\nhome, they told me, they said, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=7500.0,7530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Aaron, we want you to take over the Sunday\nschool at the temple.\" So we combined the two Sunday schools from Shearith\nIsrael and also the temple. I was superintendent of the Sunday school. I have\nbeen very active in Temple Israel. I tried to belong to both of them, but I\ncouldn't do it. I was riding two horses. I preached over and over and over\nagain. I don't know why some people get so upset about the fact that you either\nwear a tallit or you don't wear a tallit. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=7530.0,7560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or you wear a yarmulke or you don't\nwear a yarmulke. Why should we Jews fight each other over it? I don't think\nthat's the most important thing. I still go back to what I saw in the\nconcentration camps where Jews were ugly to each other. How can we expect\nnon-Jews to be kind to us when we are not kind to each other? I couldn't stand\nhypocrisy of some of the Jews that I saw who would fight you about religion, and\nthe same token, they would daven so like they wanted ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=7560.0,7590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"God to hear them. They were\nnot in their daily lives. They never lifted a finger for the community. They\ndidn't care about anybody, and they considered themselves to be religious.\nReligion, to me, is a way of life, Joel. It's how you treat other people. How\nkind you are, whether you care about people, whether they are Jewish or not\nJewish, whether they are black or not black. To me, that's what religion is\nabout. I think that's what Judaism preaches. Lots of people can't see the forest\nfor the trees. They are so ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=7590.0,7620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"narrow and so small. If you don't believe just the\nway they do, they get real uptight. I think that's stupid, just like I thought\nit was when I was growing up in Columbus, Georgia.\n\nAROGETI: You shared with us some very powerful stories, very unique stories and\nlife experiences about growing up in the south, growing up Jewish, growing up\nvery patriotic. I'm ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=7620.0,7650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reluctant, although we are towards the very end of our\ndiscussion today, just to leave us sort of in 1965. So much has happened in the\nlast couple of decades. Can you share with us some of your observations of the\nlast 20 or 25 years given what you have seen in your lifetime? Here is an\nopportunity for you to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=7650.0,7680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tell some future generations some of your life's learned\nlessons. I know you just gave us, perhaps, one of the most powerful statements\nthat you could in the last statement you gave us. But share with us, because so\nmany dynamic things were happening in the south, in Georgia, in the Seventies,\nin the Eighties. I mean, Columbus, Georgia, was not too far from Plains,\nGeorgia, where a president of the United States was elected from. You've been a\nJewish judge on the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=7680.0,7710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bench and active in communal life for the last 25 to 30 years.\n\nJUDGE COHN: I don't think it's enough to be Jewish and just support your\ncongregation. I think that when you live in a community, you got to broaden your\nhorizons, not only as a Jew, but as a person who cares about, quote, \"the whole\ncommunity.\" I think you should devote part of your life towards community work,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=7710.0,7740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not just within your congregation. That's one thing.\n\nAROGETI: Tell us some of the things that you've been active in the last 20 or 30\nyears that are either Jewish communal related or community related. I know that\nthe state Juvenile Court Judges' Society. I know you've been active in the Lions\nClub or Civitan.\n\nJUDGE COHN: I was president of my Lions Club, commander of the Military\nHonorable Awards, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=7740.0,7770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"president of the Georgia Council of Juvenile Court Judges,\npresident of my city bar association, president of the National Council of\nJuvenile and Family Court Judges. I've been on the fiscal council of the YMCA.\nJust a few other things. The Chief Voter Registrar of the county. So many things\ndealing with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=7770.0,7800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"interfaith, the National Conference of Christians and Jews. I had\none of my dearest Catholic friends and protestant friends, we pioneered that\nthing in Columbus, Georgia. There are just so many things you can do to make a\nbetter world. Maybe because after what I saw of the world, there was something\nthat I really wanted to do was to make it better.\n\nAROGETI: There is one story I will be remiss if I don't have you share with\nlisteners of this tape. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=7800.0,7830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It goes back to, perhaps, one of the most powerful\nstories I've ever heard in my life. You were the liberator of a concentration\ncamp. You were a young soldier. You told me the story of reacquainting yourself\n. . .\n\nJUDGE COHN: Yes.\n\nAROGETI: Kindling the relationship with someone who was in that concentration\ncamp. I want you to take the time now to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=7830.0,7860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"share that story with us.\n\nJUDGE COHN: There's a saying: When you cast your bread upon the waters, they\nwill come back to you. My son, Leslie Cohn, was in Israel, and his guide was a\nwonderful guy named Eliezer Ayalon. He lives on Herzl Boulevard in Jerusalem. He\nand Leslie became great friends on the mission that Leslie and Bonnie were. He\nbegan talking to Leslie ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=7860.0,7890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the different camps that he was in. He told my\nson, he says, \"You know, I was in a camp called Ebensee.\" That's E-B-E-N-S-E-E.\nThis was a satellite camp for Mauthausen. He says, \"I was told by a survivor\nonce who knew that there was a Jewish officer who was part of the party who\nliberated my camp, and he was from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=7890.0,7920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Georgia.\" My son said, \"Well, that was my\nfather.\" So Eliezer Ayalon has written a book called, A Cup of Honey: The Story\nof a Young Holocaust Survivor. He asked me to give a little byword. I was\nhonored to give that byword. It was under Elie Wiesel's comments on the book. In\nthe meantime, Eliezer Ayalon said, \"I want to meet my liberator.\" He told Leslie\nhe's coming to Columbus, Georgia, to meet ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=7920.0,7950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me. So he came. We had headlines in\nthe Columbus newspapers, and they said, \"It's b'shert.\" \"It had to happen.\"\nThere was a picture of he and I with our union looking at the map. We have\nbecome great friends. My son is a friend of his. We communicate with Eliezer\nAyalon. He's in Jerusalem, and we're here in the United States.\n\nAROGETI: Judge, thank you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=7950.0,7980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/transcript/21981/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very much. This has been, perhaps, one of the first of\nmy most impressionable highlights of being able to interview people for the\nNational Council of Jewish Women, for the Jewish Oral History Project for the\nAtlanta Jewish Federation's program. I want to thank you very much. Thank you, Judge.\n\nJUDGE COHN: Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=7980.0,8010.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/index/47260","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Cohn, Aaron [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/index/47260/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family History","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=59.0,273.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/index/47260/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you would, we've talked a little bit prior to going on tape about yourself, your family. Give me your full name and where you live presently. Tell me a little bit about your family.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=59.0,273.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/index/47260/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Columbus, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cossacks","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Etta Cohn","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kiev, Russia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Moses Hirsch","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sam Cohn","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=59.0,273.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/index/47260/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Growing Up Jewish in Columbus","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=273.0,509.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/index/47260/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tell us what it was like growing up in a Jewish family in Columbus, Georgia, around the turn of the century.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=273.0,509.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/index/47260/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Fort Benning, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ku Klux Klan","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lithuania","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shearith Israel Synagogue","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=273.0,509.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/index/47260/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Etta Cohn Coming to Columbus","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=509.0,595.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/index/47260/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We'll talk a little bit about the congregational life. But to remind me, your mother, Etta, was she born in this country or she was born . . .","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=509.0,595.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/index/47260/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bonfeld Family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Etta Cohn","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kiev","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=509.0,595.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/index/47260/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Congregation Life","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=595.0,1049.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/index/47260/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You were telling us a few minutes ago that you lived on Fourth Avenue and the congregation synagogue was Shearith Israel just a couple blocks down. Tell me a little bit about life in the congregation, your experiences, the Hebrew school, and attending religious school.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=595.0,1049.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/index/47260/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bar Mitzvah","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hebrew School","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rabbi Jacob Shulman","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shearith Israel Congregation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Stock Market Crash of 1929","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=595.0,1049.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/index/47260/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Cohn Siblings and Families","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=1049.0,1277.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/index/47260/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Before we get into your college  life, let's pause for a minute and talk a little bit about your brothers and sisters. I know of the brothers and sisters you have, each of them had a special relationship with you.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=1049.0,1277.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/index/47260/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Alan Cohn","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anne Cohn Levy","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bill Kulbersh","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Celia Solomon","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Charles Levy","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Columbus High School","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Della Estroff","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dorothy Luber","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Harold Cohn","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lyons, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mark Levy","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Myra Sue Kulbersh","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rita Rosenthal","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sol Cohn","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sophie Cohn Kulbersh","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"University of Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Vidalia, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=1049.0,1277.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/index/47260/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Life Between High School and College","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=1277.0,1375.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/index/47260/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tell us a little bit about what you did in that time between high school and college.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=1277.0,1375.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/index/47260/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chattahoochee River","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Columbus, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Fort Benning, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Family Farm","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=1277.0,1375.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/index/47260/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Life at University of Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=1375.0,1462.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/index/47260/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You had the occasion to work for your dad's business for about a year and then it was off to college?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=1375.0,1462.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/index/47260/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Alpha Epsilon Pi","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Athens, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Fraternities","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Law School","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Phi Epsilon Pi","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tau Epsilon Pi","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"University of Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=1375.0,1462.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/index/47260/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"University Military Career","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=1462.0,1549.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/index/47260/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tell us a little bit about your military career. Were you active in ROTC or junior ROTC either in high school or college?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=1462.0,1549.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/index/47260/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cavalry","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Fort Oglethorpe","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ROTC Program","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Scabbard and Blade","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sixth Cavalry","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=1462.0,1549.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/index/47260/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Fort Benning, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=1549.0,1661.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/index/47260/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For some of our listeners and researchers, they might not be as familiar with Fort Benning, Georgia, which, being a Georgia native, we're all familiar with. Tell us a little bit about Fort Benning, its role, its affiliation with the city of Columbus, and give us a little bit of background.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=1549.0,1661.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/index/47260/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Airborne School","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Columbus, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Fort Benning","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"General Eisenhower","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"General George Marshall","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Infantry School","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Omar Bradley","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War I","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=1549.0,1661.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/index/47260/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"College and Law School Days in Athens, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=1661.0,2201.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/index/47260/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let's talk a little bit about your college days and your law school days in Athens, Georgia. 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I came back home and . . .","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=6228.0,6593.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/index/47260/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Battle of the Bulge","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Frank Pemerochi","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"General Charlie Gerhardt's 29th Division","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hampton Roads, Virginia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Janet Ann Cohn","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leslie Lilienthal, Jr.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sergeant Mowin","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=6228.0,6593.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/index/47260/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Black-Jewish Relations in the South","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=6593.0,6673.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/index/47260/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You were firsthand in person combat soldier who knew that people of all religions and races and colors and creeds fought in the war. 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Talk a little bit about black and Jewish relations, either in the military . . .","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=6593.0,6673.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/index/47260/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"761st Tank Battalion","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Black-Jewish Relations","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jim Crow Laws","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=6593.0,6673.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/index/47260/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rekindling a Law Career","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=6673.0,6842.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/index/47260/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You returned back to Columbus. It's now 1945. You had to rekindle your legal career.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=6673.0,6842.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/index/47260/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Columbus, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kayser-Lilienthal","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lawyer","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=6673.0,6842.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/index/47260/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Cohn Children","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=6842.0,6895.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/index/47260/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In 1947, you said your son Leslie was born?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=6842.0,6895.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/index/47260/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Distinguished Military Graduate","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gail Cohn","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jane Cohn","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leslie Cohn","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"University of Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=6842.0,6895.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/index/47260/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A Jewish Judge During the Civil Rights Movement","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=6895.0,7461.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/index/47260/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tell us a little bit about that experience. In the early 1960s, there were not very many . . . there were Jewish lawyers but not very many Jewish jurists. Judges.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=6895.0,7461.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/index/47260/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chief Voter Registrar","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Civil Rights Movement","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Representation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jim Crow Laws","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Muscogee County, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Selma, Alabama","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"YMCA","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=6895.0,7461.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/index/47260/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Jewish Community","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=7461.0,7732.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/index/47260/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tell us a little bit about the community. Tell us a little bit about the synagogue that you had grown up in Shearith Israel. You said earlier in our discussion that over the years it had transformed itself from an Orthodox synagogue to a Conservative.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=7461.0,7732.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/index/47260/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rabbi Lawrence Block","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rabbi Shusterman","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Reform Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Temple Shearith Israel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=7461.0,7732.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/index/47260/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Community Involvement ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=7732.0,7830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/index/47260/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tell us some of the things that you've been active in the last 20 or 30 years that are either Jewish communal related or community related. I know that the state Juvenile Court Judges' Society. I know you've been active in the Lions Club or Civitan.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=7732.0,7830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/index/47260/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chief Voter Registrar","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Georgia Council of Juvenile Court Judges","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lions Club","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Military Honorable Awards","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"National Conference of Christians and Jews","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"YMCA","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=7732.0,7830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/index/47260/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Meeting Someone He Liberated from a Concentration Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=7830.0,8000.808"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/index/47260/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is one story I will be remiss if I don't have you share with listeners of this tape. It goes back to, perhaps, one of the most powerful stories I've ever heard in my life. You were the liberator of a concentration camp. You were a young soldier. You told me the story of reacquainting yourself . . .","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=7830.0,8000.808"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364/index/47260/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ebensee","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Eliezer Ayalon","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Israel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leslie Cohn","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Liberator of a Concentration Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30381/file/98364#t=7830.0,8000.808"}]}]}]}