{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/wm13n2150z/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Lynn, Murray (2001)"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2001-01-02 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eMurray Lynn was interviewed by John Kent on January 02, 2001 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eMurray Lynn was born Murray Alfred Leicht in Bilke, Hungary (though today the community lies in Ukraine) in 1930. He was born to Abraham, a businessman, and Rosa, a former Hungarian beauty star, and was the eldest of four brothers. Murray and his family experienced the rising antisemitism in their community, at school, and in general life. In 1942, Murray and his family were woken in the middle of the night by the Hungarian secret police and his father was taken away. Later, Murray found out his father, along with other prominent leaders of the Jewish community in Bilke, were taken out into the Carpathian Mountains and murdered. This was the beginning of the hardest years of Murray’s family’s life. Two years later in 1944, Murray, his mother, and three younger brothers were deported first to a ghetto and then to Auschwitz-Birkenau. He would be the only member of his immediate family to survive the camp. Upon arrival, his mother and brothers were sent to the gas chambers whereas Murray was selected for a forced labor detail. Murray survived a year of forced labor before he and the rest of the prisoners were death marched into Germany where they were eventually liberated. After liberation, Murray originally returned to Bilke where he found his home repossessed and his community totally changed. Murray eventually made the decision to leave Bilke and seek a future elsewhere, namely: America. In a journey that led him through Slovakia and to Ireland before finally arriving in New York, USA, Murray studied and bettered himself until he assumed leadership positions in various companies. In 1956 he moved to Atlanta where he met his wife, Sonia, and settled down to start a family. He has three children: Roberta, Anita, and Allen. Today, he shares his story with the patrons of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum in hopes of educated future generations against re-committing the atrocities of the past.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eMurray Lynn discusses his life during the Holocaust in this interview. He starts with his life in Bilke, a small community that was originally part of Hungary and is today part of Ukraine, describing how antisemitism worked its way into his and his family’s life. This antisemitism led to the disappearance and death of his father and the eventual deportation of his mother, three younger brothers, and himself to Auschwitz. He focuses on the brutal conditions of the camp and how he managed to survive when others did not. This leads to discussions of his relation to his faith, then and now, and how he’s gone on in the United States to reconcile his faith and his past. Between these topics, Lynn discusses coming to the United States after liberation. He talks education, careers, and family in his life after Auschwitz.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28359"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eMurray Lynn was interviewed by John Kent on January 02, 2001 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMurray Lynn was born Murray Alfred Leicht in Bilke, Hungary (though today the community lies in Ukraine) in 1930. He was born to Abraham, a businessman, and Rosa, a former Hungarian beauty star, and was the eldest of four brothers. Murray and his family experienced the rising antisemitism in their community, at school, and in general life. In 1942, Murray and his family were woken in the middle of the night by the Hungarian secret police and his father was taken away. Later, Murray found out his father, along with other prominent leaders of the Jewish community in Bilke, were taken out into the Carpathian Mountains and murdered. This was the beginning of the hardest years of Murray’s family’s life. Two years later in 1944, Murray, his mother, and three younger brothers were deported first to a ghetto and then to Auschwitz-Birkenau. He would be the only member of his immediate family to survive the camp. Upon arrival, his mother and brothers were sent to the gas chambers whereas Murray was selected for a forced labor detail. Murray survived a year of forced labor before he and the rest of the prisoners were death marched into Germany where they were eventually liberated. After liberation, Murray originally returned to Bilke where he found his home repossessed and his community totally changed. Murray eventually made the decision to leave Bilke and seek a future elsewhere, namely: America. In a journey that led him through Slovakia and to Ireland before finally arriving in New York, USA, Murray studied and bettered himself until he assumed leadership positions in various companies. In 1956 he moved to Atlanta where he met his wife, Sonia, and settled down to start a family. He has three children: Roberta, Anita, and Allen. Today, he shares his story with the patrons of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum in hopes of educated future generations against re-committing the atrocities of the past.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMurray Lynn discusses his life during the Holocaust in this interview. He starts with his life in Bilke, a small community that was originally part of Hungary and is today part of Ukraine, describing how antisemitism worked its way into his and his family’s life. This antisemitism led to the disappearance and death of his father and the eventual deportation of his mother, three younger brothers, and himself to Auschwitz. He focuses on the brutal conditions of the camp and how he managed to survive when others did not. This leads to discussions of his relation to his faith, then and now, and how he’s gone on in the United States to reconcile his faith and his past. Between these topics, Lynn discusses coming to the United States after liberation. He talks education, careers, and family in his life after Auschwitz.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/097/088/small/Murray_Lynn.png?1619300875","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Lynn_Murray.mp4"]},"duration":7221.016,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/097/088/small/Murray_Lynn.png?1619300875","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/097/088/original/Lynn_Murray.mp4?1601481306","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":7221.016,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Murray Lynn [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KENT: Okay, let's start with your name and your original birth name, too.\n\nLYNN: My name is Murray Lynn. Originally my name was Leicht, L-E-I-C-H-T.\n\nKENT: When and where were you born?\n\nLYNN: I was born in Hungary, in Eastern Hungary, which is now called the\nCarpathian Mountains, roughly 150 to 200 miles east of Budapest.\n\nKENT: Give a general overview of what ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the years were like before the war for you\nand your family.\n\nLYNN: The living in eastern Europe was very traumatic for Jewish people,\nparticularly in the late thirties and forties. Life was very hard and fraught\nwith danger. We had no civil ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rights in Hungary, at least in Eastern Hungary we\nhad no civil rights. My parents were community leaders. We lived in a community\ncalled Bilke, B-I-L-K-E, where we had a small Jewish community. My parents were\nbusiness people. My father was a successful businessman. My ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mom used to be a\nHungarian beauty queen in her younger years; I have a picture to prove that.\n\nI was home until--I lived in that area until I was thirteen and a half, at which\ntime we were taken to the concentration camp. But life in the late thirties,\nearly forties were particularly ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"harsh. My dad was taken away two years before we\nwere taken away. He was taken away by the Hungarian security police, known, I\nbelieve, as the Crossbones--\n\nINTERVIEWER: --Arrowcross--\n\nLYNN: --Arrowcross. Excuse me, the Arrowcross police. He was a community leader,\nand we found that he and a number of others were murdered a few days later. We\nwere ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"left without a father. I was left without a father at the age of twelve and\na half, six months before my bar mitzvah, which was a very traumatic experience\nfor all of us.\n\nJews in Eastern Europe were known as the underclass. We were blighted from birth\nas Christ killers. It was very difficult to be a Jew. I don't know why our\nparents stayed there. I suppose I do know ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"why: They did not have the opportunity\nand the means to leave, because their ancestors have lived there for centuries\nin those areas. So I guess as a matter of opportunity and because they were\ncomfortable, I suppose, to some extent, they stayed--they did not go anyplace.\n\nBut it was very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"difficult. We did not have many rights at school. We couldn't\nvote. We were constantly taunted for being Christ killers. It was a very, very\ndifficult life in Eastern Europe.\n\nKENT: What did you first personally make of that whole issue of being Jewish and\nbeing blamed, that you are less than? I mean, how did you, as a kid, take that?\n\nLYNN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, in those days we did not know any better. Unfortunately, we lived in\nthat environment and accepted out fate at its face value, mainly because we\ndidn't know any better. I was young. I was naïve. I thought that that is the\nway life is supposed to be. My parents lived through that kind of life also as\nyoungsters, and we just ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"took that lifestyle for granted, that that is the way it\nis and this is the way it's going to be, so we didn't have many option. It's\nonly as I got older and I realized the kind of life I led as a youngster that\nthat became a very repugnant experience to me.\n\nKENT: What happened after your father was taken away?\n\nLYNN: My father was taken away in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1942 by the security police. We lived in the\nshadow of death ever since for a couple of years until we were taken away. It\nwas a very traumatic experience to live without a father. We became very\ninsecure, very vulnerable. We didn't know from day to day when we will be taken.\nWe didn't know why my dad was taken. All we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"knew is that he was an important\ncommunity leader, and we suspect this is why, but there were no charges against\nhim. Life for the next two years was unbearable. We just had a very, very\ndifficult time coping and being raised without a father.\n\nThere are other traumatic experiences in my childhood ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I will always\nremember, that was deeply etched in my psyche, is that after my father was taken\naway, my mom was a Hungarian beauty queen. She was a stunning woman: tall,\nstately looking. One evening one of the security policemen came in and forced\nhimself on her. This was when I was roughly twelve, twelve and a half years old.\nHe wouldn't leave. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He insisted to go to bed with my mom. My mom fought him, and\nshe screamed, and she cried.\n\nI got up, and the security policeman told me if I didn't leave he would shoot me\ndead. I left. I had to leave. My mom told me to leave. When I finally went back\nto bed and woke up, he was gone. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can still see the trauma in my mother's eyes,\nthe pain, the grief, the anguish. It's an experience I will never forget. Next\nto my father being taken away, this was one of the most traumatic experiences.\n\nI have difficulties coping with this so many ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years later, what they did to Mom.\nShe was such a wonderful, wonderful human being, wonderful wife, and a mother,\nand for her be desanctified that way, to be raped by an enemy of the Jews, by a\nperson who was so hateful of Jews and the manner it was done, I--this was a\ntraumatic experience ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I will carry to the grave with me.\n\nBut after that, it took her months to get over that. It took me months. My\nyounger brothers didn't know anything about this; My mom said not to say\nanything to them. We were three brothers: eight, ten, twelve and fourteen. I was\nthe oldest one. I was not quite fourteen when we were taken to the concentration ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"camp.\n\nWe lived in misery and despair for the next two years until April of 1944, when\none day we heard a knock on the door, an early-morning--the dreaded knock on the\ndoor. We knew it was going to happen; it was just a matter of when. The police\ngave us thirty minutes--the security police gave us thirty minutes to be ready,\nand that was the beginning of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"end. This was when they deported us to a\nghetto for roughly a week or ten days and then from there to Auschwitz.\n\nMy mom had an awful time. You can just imagine giving a person thirty minutes\nwith four children, eight, ten, twelve and fourteen. What do you take? Do you\ntake bread? Do you take food? Do you take ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"clothes? Do you take pots and pans?\nLittle did she know that she's not going to need any of that because two weeks\nlater she was turned into a handful of ashes, she and my brothers.\n\nThat changed my life as I knew it forever, that episode, the episode of my\nfather being taken away at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an early age and being deprived of a normal\nchildhood, being deprived of a father who would be there at my bar mitzvah,\nbeing deprived of parents and the love of parents, and the security of parents.\nThat experience has left an indelible mark in my life and sort of an emptiness\nin my life. I was fourteen ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the time when we were taken to Auschwitz, and--I\njust made a note of this, and I wanted to say that I was cast in sort of a world\nof emptiness and despair at that point. From then on, I was on my own, from the\ntime I was fourteen.\n\nKENT: What was the ride like to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"camp?\n\nLYNN: Well, the train ride was an inhuman experience. We were tossed into a\nfreight train of roughly a hundred people in a freight train, in a cattle car,\nwithout food, without water, without sanitation, without air. We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were in the\ncattle car for roughly two days. The trauma, the hysteria, the praying, the\ncrying, the pleading for mercy--again, that was another experience that I will\nnever forget. We had no ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"food, we had no water, we had no air. There were no\nprovision for bathroom facilities. We couldn't sleep. We were frightened, we\nwere terrified. Many of them died; others went insane. It was a nightmarish\nexperience that I will never, never forget even today\n\nThe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first twenty-five, thirty years of my life, I had a problem getting on a\ntrain because of this. The bellowing smoke of the train, the noise of the train,\nthe brakes of the train, the stop and go of the train, the squeaking of the\ntrain is very evocative and brings back nightmares ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even to this date. For many,\nmany years I wouldn't go on a train.\n\nIt left a very, very deep mark in my psyche. Again, that was another episode in\nmy life that I wanted to forget, and this was one of the reasons, as I mentioned\nearlier, I never wanted to talk about my life, about my experiences because it\nwas too painful and I was afraid to stir ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up those wounds.\n\nKENT: What was it liked when the doors opened?\n\nLYNN: When the doors opened, we were met by the Gestapo and also the\nSonderkommandos. The Sonderkommandos were the people who worked in the\ncrematorium. Their lifespan was very short there. They worked there for two or\nthree months, and they got rid of them after two or three months because ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they\ndon't want them to tell the story.\n\nWe were met there by the Gestapo and the Sonderkommandos, and they started\nimmediately separating us. We saw the chimneys of bellowing smoke, and the\nstench of the flesh still permeates my nostrils. I can still remember how it\npermeated our nostrils. We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"knew something was going on, but we didn't know what.\nWe saw the crematorium. We saw the anguish in the people's eyes who were already\nthere and they were moved to the crematorium. Some of them knew--they were told\nby Sonderkommandos what was happening.\n\nBut we didn't realize that it was going to happen to us. Immediately we were\nlined up to the left or to the right. My ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mom and three brothers were moved to\nthe left, and I was moved to the right. The last I heard Mama telling me: \"I\nlove you very much. Take care of yourself.\" That was the last time I saw her.\nThat was fifty-five years ago.\n\nI still didn't know what was going on until we were assigned a barrack. We were\ngiven striped suits, shaved ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"our heads, and assigned striped suits--no\nunderwear--and shoes. We were assigned to a barrack, and there were already\ninmates in the barrack. I asked an inmate where my mom and brothers were, if he\nhad any idea what they did with the children and women. He took me out of the\nbarrack, and he ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"says: \"You see that tall stack of smoke?\"\n\nI says: \"Yes.\"\n\nHe says: \"That's where they are.\" It was an hour later. He says: \"They're not\nonly dead, they're already turned to ashes. They turn them into ashes.\" That is\nwhen I realized what was going on.\n\nBut we were all numbed with fear. We were so ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"terrified, I did not get a chance\nto cry. I didn't get a chance to vent my anger, my pain, my horror. I was\npetrified, but sort of desensitized. The minute we got into the camp, we also\nbecame desensitized of humanity, because it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was everyone fighting in a way for\nhimself, for his own survival. We didn't know what the next moment is going to\nbring, what the next hour is going to bring, and we were all concerned about ourselves.\n\nThat is when I realized what happened to my parents. An hour, an hour and a half\nafter our arrival, they were gone. They were turned to a handful of ashes and\ndumped, with millions of other people in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ashes, in pits, in an ignoble way.\nI could just hear those victims crying for mercy to the unheeded heavens. That\nis when my God became desanctified in my heart.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KENT: What was your time there like?\n\nLYNN: Auschwitz was the biggest cemetery in the world. They did not take us\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there to feed us or to protect us. It was a death in slow motion. Auschwitz was\ndeath in slow motion. Death by starvation, death by disease, death by savage\nbrutality, death by deprivation. It was worse for us than those ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who went to the\ngas chamber. We suffered more. Those who went to the gas chamber--my parents, my\nbrothers, my grandparents--they suffered for five minutes and they were gone.\nOur suffering was endless.\n\nWe were subjected to incredible and inhuman abuses, and savage beating and\nsavage suffering. We would ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"start at five in the morning for roll call. We were\nsoon assigned to work in construction sites for I.G. Farber four or five miles\naway. We were escorted every day by the SS policemen to worksites. The worst one\ncould do is go astray. It was the rules of the jungle. When an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"animal goes\nastray in a jungle, he doesn't survive. He is being attacked by the predators.\nThis was the same way in concentration camp. When we were walking to work, and\nif you couldn't walk, if you went astray for whatever reason, or left behind,\nyou were shot dead. This was a routine and daily occurrence.\n\nOur work at night was inhuman. It was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"brutal. We worked twelve hours a day. I\nwas carrying cement bags all night at the age of fourteen from the train to the\nmixing plant, for ten, twelve hours a day. There were two people that would\nplace the bag on my shoulder, and I carried it to the mixing plant. In the\nbrutal winter weather, it was so cold--we had no coats, we had no underwear--I\ntook a bag from the cement bag, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I cut a hole in the cement bag, and I put it\non to protect me from the wind and cold weather. We were not supposed to do\nthis. If they found out that we did this, they would shoot us. They wanted us to\nsuffer. They wanted us to die.\n\nThe work was brutal. They had S.S. and Gestapo guys there with sticks, and they\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would beat us brutally if we did not perform as fast as they wanted us to\nperform. This went on from five in the morning until--well, we'd start at five\nin the morning for roll call, and by the time we got our cup of soup and cup of\ncoffee in the morning and a slice of bread and they got through with the roll\ncall--starting after two or three months, they started calling all the weak\npeople who could not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"work, and they would send them to the crematorium, would\nsend them to the gas chamber.\n\nBased on my count, I was called no less than ten times to go to the gas\nchambers, but there was a sympathetic Kapo--you know what a Kappo is--a\nsympathetic Kappo who pushed me always back into the workforce because I was too\nweak, but I had the will to win, the will to survive, and that was the secret of\nmy survival.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This would go on for almost a year, getting up in the morning and go through the\nroll call, culling out the weak and the sick, take them to the crematorium. Most\nof them did not even fight it because they didn't want to live like this. One of\nmy cousins as with me in the concentration camp, and he knew he was called. And\nI told him--his name was Sam--\"Don't do it.\"\n\nHe says: \"Moish,\" he says, \"I cannot stand this anymore. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know where I'm\ngoing,\" he said, \"this is going to be a quick one,\" he says, \"for me,\" he says,\n\"I can't suffer anymore.\"--This was after five or six months-- \"I've done all\nthe suffering I can handle.\" He volunteered. He didn't resist it.\n\nIn the morning, we'd wake up from barracks. I wore the same suit, the same\nshoes, the same shirt for a year. Never ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"washed. I was so infested with lice that\nmy body looked like I was sprinkled with sesame seeds. Every part of my body was\ninfested with lice. There was no sanitation, and whatever life the Germans\ndidn't take, lice took the rest of it from us.\n\nWe'd wake up in the morning and take the dead out and throw them out in\nfront--or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"put them in front of the barracks, and then a Sonderkommando would\ncome and pick him up and take him and burn him. This was a ritual, daily ritual.\nWhen we took the people out, we checked their pockets to see if they had a crumb\nof bread in their pockets, any food, anything that we might use. Very often we\nwould take their jackets off so we can use their clothes because after five or\nsix months our clothes were torn and ragged, and we would take their clothes off\nand wear their clothes. The problem is, we couldn't use the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pants because all of\nus had dysentery and diarrhea, and we were just walking cesspools. We were\nwalking cesspools. A lot of the prisoners tied their pants on the bottom because\nwhen they were losing the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fluids, so it would not come out. Tied their pants to\nkeep the fluids from losing. I don't know.\n\nIt was a horrific experience. It was an inhuman experience. Roughly 80 percent\nof us perished in the concentration camp, in Auschwitz. About 20 percent of us\nwere survived, and we were living ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"skeletons, all of us.\n\nKENT: You talked about your will to live. What was that made of? Where did it\ncome from?\n\nLYNN: Well, you know, I think in part it's our culture. We had to fight as Jews\nall the time to live and survive. In part it has to do also with genetics. In\npart it has to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do maybe with environment. I did not want to die. I didn't know\nhow long I could survive. I didn't know how long I could bear this inhuman\ntreatment and abuses and starvation. But I said: \"I am not going to yield. I'm\nnot going to allow Hitler to be triumphant.\" I decided that I'm going to fight\nthis to the very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"end, and I said: \"If the time comes when my body triumphs over\nmy mind, then I say I will have no choice but to yield.\"\n\nBut my mind triumphed over my body, and as you know, as a psychologist, the mind\ncontrols the body. I was in total control of my mind. I said: \"I am not going to\nlet this defeat me. I'm not going to die. I'm going to go ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"home. I'm not going to\nlet Hitler triumph.\" This was the biggest difference, I think, between those of\nus who survived and those of us who didn't. My cousin, who did not survive, he\nhad a little easier life than I did at home. He was raised in a more affluent\nlife. His parents were the wealthiest people in town. He was raised with maids\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and help. He never did any work and never had to fight for anything. He had more\ndifficulties dealing with deprivations than I did.\n\nThose of us who came up in poor families or relatively poor families--we were\nwell off by European standards; by American standards we were poor. By European\nstandards, we had a nice home. We had a Mediterranean style home, a five-bedroom\nhome. We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had a farm, a big farm. So we were, by European standards, well off. My\nfather was a businessman. But we all worked. We had a demanding life. We went to\nelementary school in the morning and Hebrew in the afternoon. Then we had chores\non the farm. I think that that life prepared us to some extent for Auschwitz,\nthe toughness, the resilience. We had greater resilience than some of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those who\nhad an easy life at home. So that had something to do with it.\n\nAlso, again, that willpower to succeed, and I have used that philosophy all my\nlife, even in business. The will to succeed, the will to overcome can outweigh,\nout shadow all the other obstacles and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"impediments in life. This is what\nhappened in Auschwitz. If anything that enabled me to overcome--I had the same\nrations of food s my cousin did, as everyone else did. Why did 80 percent die\nand 20 percent survive? It's all mind over body.\n\nI'm sure that a constitution had something to do, genes had something to do,\nstate of mind had something to do, but we all had the same thing. Our rations\nwere black coffee in the morning and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a slice of bread, nothing for lunch, and at\nnight a cup of foul soup, turnip soup or potato soup, and that was it. It was\nimpossible to survive on that, just impossible. We were constantly hungry,\nconstantly starved. We would kill for a crumb of bread. We would kill for a\npotato peel. We would go around a kitchen and around the mess hall and see if we\ncan pick up some crumbs, and they would shoot us. The S.S. would shoot us if\nthey caught us there, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but we were prepared to die for a crumb of bread.\n\nThe reason those of us who survived as opposed to those who didn't is, again,\nthe state of mind, the willpower to succeed and to triumph.\n\nKENT: By the time of liberation, where were you and what was your condition?\n\nLYNN: I was a walking skeleton. I weighed roughly sixty-five, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seventy pounds. I\nwas sick. I was in a state of delirium. I was disoriented. They marched us--I\nthink--roughly, and, again, I don't remember the months and the dates, but\nroughly in February and March, when the Russians began to approach, occupy\nGerman soil and get closer to Auschwitz--they didn't want us to be liberated.\nThey didn't want us to be saved. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we went on a death march.\n\nFirst they put us on freight trains, and then the Americans or the English\nbombed the trains and destroyed the tracks, so we had to get off the freight\ntrains. They were going to ship us to Buchenwald or Dachau; They felt that it\nwas safer there from the Russians. Then we got off those freight trains, and we\nwalked for days and days and days. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Again, over half of our people were shot and\nkilled and died of exhaustion during that death march. Most of them just could\nnot survive. They could not take the rigors of walking in March. There was\nstill, I remember, ice on the road, still cold. No clothes. We had nothing but\nthin jacket and slacks on, dirty slacks. We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were emaciated. Those who couldn't\nwalk were just shot like the dogs and left on the road, in the fields, or they\ndied and was just left in the fields, dying, or were shot by the guards.\n\nWhen we were finally liberated, I still cannot remember--and it's frustrating to\nme--whether I was liberated in Dachau ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or Buchenwald, I was totally disoriented.\nI was a skeleton. I didn't know where I was. I didn't know what was happening to\nme. I was taken to a hospital, and I was hospitalized for three weeks. I was\ntaken to a Munich hospital, and I and many others were hospitalized.\n\nOnce we regained some strength, we were then offered the option of staying there\nor going ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"home. Staying in a camp with others until the Jewish agencies decide\nwhat to do with us or we had the option of leaving. Many of us decided we had\nenough of the camps. I opted to leave. I went from there--we were told that in\nRomania, in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bucharest [Romania], that the United Jewish Appeal or rather the\nHIAS [Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society] had an agency there and if we went to\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bucharest they would give us some money and some clothes. We were still walking,\neven after liberation, in our striped suits. We had nothing. No money, no\nclothes, no food, nowhere to go.\n\nWe were told that those of us who wanted to go to Bucharest might get a little\nmoney and some clothes, and then we can leave from there to our destinations. I\ndecided I'm going to go to Bucharest. How do you go to Bucharest? I was fifteen\nyears old at the time. I didn't know where Bucharest was. All I knew, it was in\nRomania. How do you get to Bucharest without money, without any idea of-- Well,\nwhat am I going to do when I get to Bucharest? I don't speak Romanian.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But, again, naiveté is a blessing sometimes. I spoke German fairly well at that\ntime, and I went to a train station, and I said: \"Look, I want to go to\nBucharest. What trains are going to Bucharest?\" And they told me what trains\nwere going to Bucharest. They showed me that I'd have to change, and I and many\nother kids my age decided that we're going to take those trains and go to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bucharest.\n\nSo, we were in Bucharest for about two or three weeks. Each one of us got a\nhundred dollars.\n\nKENT: Can you make any generalizations about how the locals responded to the\nstriped uniforms and what that meant at the time?\n\nLYNN: The Germans were horrified. Most of them were horrified when they saw us\nand the conditions we were. Many of them were sympathetic. Those who were not\ndid not show any ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"emotions. I frankly did not pay much attention. I was so\nanxious to get out of that abyss called the concentration camp. I was so anxious\nto leave there, I had very little contact with the Germans. I left way before a\nlot of the other inmates ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"left. A lot of them were hoping that the American or\nthe English or somebody would come and take them to different parts of the world\nor do something for them. I decided I did not want that part. Once I got better\nin the hospital after three, three and a half weeks, I decided, I'm going. I did\nnot want any part of that anymore. I wanted to leave that past behind me.\n\nBut the Germans in general showed some ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sympathy, and those who had little\nsympathy towards us--they certainly in those days were afraid to show any\nantipathy towards the Jews because they knew they were marked, and they did. We\ndid not see any problems, but there's no doubt in my mind that--and none of us\n[sic; them], by the way, did anything for us. You would think that many of those\nGermans would have called us to their homes, invited us to their homes ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and\noffered us some food or shelter or clothes. No, this did not happen. We did not\nget much sympathy from most of them, at least no tangible sympathy.\n\nKENT: Then when you got to Romania, what happened then?\n\nLYNN: After I got to Romania, well, I had to decide on my next hurdle. Do I want\nto go home from Romania to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Eastern Europe, but how do you get there? Here again,\nI'm fifteen years old. I don't know how to get there. I don't know what trains.\nI don't speak Romanian. So that was another journey that I had that I can write\nabout. It took me, like, a week and a half to two weeks to finally get home\nbecause there was no direct train. I had to go from there to Budapest [Hungary]\nand from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Budapest by freight trains and by other means of transportation until I\ngot home to my place of birth. But it took me--I don't know--again, this is just\nspeculation at this point, guessing--it took me nearly two weeks before I got\nhome from Romania on freight rains, on passenger trains, without any money. I\nhad the hundred dollars, but I didn't want to spend it on a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"train. But I think\nthe conductors on the train knew what was going on, and they were very\nsympathetic and didn't ask us for any money, so we were able to ride the trains,\nparticularly the freight trains, at no cost.\n\nKENT: So the implication of the uniform [unintelligible] knew what the\nconcentrations did and knew who you people were? They knew this?\n\nLYNN: Yes. Well, word had gotten out that we were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in concentration camp, just\nliberated, and most of them, after they saw the striped suits, the ragged, torn,\nfilthy suits and the way we looked, and it was all over the newspapers and\nradio--certainly in the primary cities, where they had communications and\nnewspapers, most people knew. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When they saw us, we were observed by some people,\nspoken to by some and ignored by others. But the world knew, particularly those\nwho read newspapers and those who had a radio--they knew what was going on.\n\nFEMALE INTERVIEWER: You were going back to your hometown, but you knew your\nfamily was gone. Why did you go back there? What did you think you were going to find?\n\nLYNN: Good ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"question. That was, again, another episode in my life. When I finally\ngot home to my destination, my place of birth--the reason I wanted to go: I knew\nmy parents were dead, but I thought that maybe my uncles, some of my uncles,\nmaybe other members of the family were alive, and I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hoping that maybe I can\nfind something at home. We hid some money in certain places, and I thought that\nby going home, something positive is going to come out of this. Maybe I can find\nsomebody there. Maybe I can get some money where my mom hid upstairs in the attic.\n\nWhen I got home to my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"destination--I'll, again, always remember this--it was\nabout seven o'clock at night in May of 1945, and it was sort of dark. It was\nabout a mile and a half from the train to my house. We lived roughly a mile and\na half. And it was the longest trip I have ever made, because I didn't know what\nto expect. I didn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know whether our house is still going to be there, whether\nsomebody is going to live there, what is going to be, what I could expect.\n\nI remember walking through the fields, because it was a desolate mile, and I\nalways remember the squirrels, the chirping frogs. It was sort of a lonely walk,\nand frightening walk. When I got ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"home, when I got closer to the house, I saw the\nlights were on the house. And I said: \"Somebody lived there.\" And I wondered:\nHow am I going to deal with this? Who could be living there?\n\nI knocked on the door and Gentiles lived there. The guy who opens the door said\nto me: \"I thought you were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dead.\"\n\nI said to him--I don't know what made me say this--\"Yes,\" he [sic; I] says, \"but\nI'm a ghost.\" And he slammed the door on me immediately, he was so terrified.\nSlammed the door.\n\nAbout a minute or two later, his wife and his kids came looking through the\nwindow to see if I was really a ghost. I still stood there. They finally decided\nthat maybe I'm not a ghost dnd ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they let me in, and they said: \"Where did you\ncome from?\" I mean, they heard that we were all exterminated. Here, I came from\nout of the clear. And I told them that I survived, and they had all our\nfurniture, everything in their house. I was there with them for about two or\nthree weeks, but then they decided I was a ghost. They couldn't believe--they\nwere just not comfortable with me being there. They thought for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sure that I\ncould not be alive.\n\nThey moved out. One day they decided they're going to move out. They left\neverything there, and they moved out and left me there. But maybe two or three\nweeks later, one of my uncles, who was a partisan, my father's brother, came\nback. He survived. He came back, and he moved in with me, where I lived for a\nfew months until I decided that I did not want to stay there any longer.\n\nAnd, by the way, the money that we hid in the attic, they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tore up the attic.\nThey took everything. I found nothing. We had jewelry and money, and they went\ninto the attic and tore up the whole attic and took everything with them. And so\nI lived there for roughly two, three, four months--I don't remember how long--\nAnd I decided that I wanted to get out of there.\n\nAnd so I said: \"Where do you go? I want to go to America? Well, how do you get\nto America from eastern, Carpathian Mountains?\" You know, there's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no\ntransportation. There are no cars. You walked, or you go on a horse or a wagon.\nI mean, how do you get out of there? So I said to myself--\n\nKENT: What made you think of America instead of another place in Europe?\n\nLYNN: Well, you know, this was everyone's dream, to come, every Jewish man and\nwoman. Every parent had dreams to come to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"America, the land of milk and honey.\nThis was something my parents talked, even when they were young, that someday\nthey'd like to go to America. And they imbued that idea in me, in us, that this\nis the place to go. Since my childhood, that idea was imbued in our minds, that\nthis is the place to go.\n\nSo I said to myself, Where do you start? Again, bear in mind always, I was still\nfifteen and a half. What do you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do? You got no money. I have a hundred dollars,\nbut I'm not going to spend a hundred dollars. So there as another Jewish family\nthat survived, another Jewish man, and he says, \"Look\"--I told him: \"I want to\nget out of here.\"\n\nHe says, \"Well, where do you want to go?\"\n\nI said, \"Well, Russia--the Iron Curtain is beginning to descend on eastern\nHungary,\" descend. They were beginning to annex it, and they were closing off\nthe borders. And I said ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to my neighbor or friend who lived maybe a mile away, I\nsays, \"Look, if I don't get out of here now, the Russians are tightening the\ngrip on Eastern Hungary,\" I says, \"I'll never get out. Where can I go and how do\nI get where I want to go?\"\n\nHe says: \"Well, look, I know,\" he says, \"a partisan, another Jewish man, who\nalso survived. He's got some contacts on the border.\" We were close to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Romania,\nabout fifteen miles from the Romanian border. He says: \"There are some farmers\nwho will take you across the border at night for fifty bucks. They'll take you\nto Romania, and then you're on your own.\"\n\nWell, you know, I was naïve. I says: \"Can you make these arrangements?\"\n\nHe says: \"Yeah.\" He says, \"I'll tell you what you do.\" He said, \"I'm going to\nmake the arrangements for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you.\" He says, \"You have to give the fifty bucks, the\nfifty dollars in advance, and you'll have to meet them,\" he says, \"at night, at\nten, eleven o'clock at night, and he'll meet you at three in the morning,\nbecause that is about the time when the guards change on the border, and he\nknows the timing, and he'll take you through the Romanian border, to Romania,\nand then you'll be on your own.\"\n\nWell, I gave him--but how do you get there? Well, you know, it's fifty miles\nfrom where I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lived. Well, again, we had to hire a horse and wagon and put a lot\nof hay in it to camouflage me, and I was like a farmer going somewhere. I don't\nknow. I was sitting on a stack of hay, or lying on a stack of hay, in a wagon\nwhile the farmer was taking me to this place. And he deposited me--all the\narrangements were made to deposit me in the barn at ten at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"night. And I was\nsupposed to be there until three in the morning, and the man who would take me\nacross the border would meet me there and take me across the border at three in\nthe morning.\n\nWell, at ten at night, instead of the man meeting me, I was met by the security\npolice. Somebody blew the whistle on me. They caught me and being caught meant a\nfive- or ten-year prison term. Somebody blew the whistle on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me. And this guy\nthat was supposed to have taken me through the border--it was suspected that he\nblew the whistle. And so they put me in a makeshift jail at night, which was a\nconverted barn. I broke out of that barn at five, six in the morning and went to\nanother farm and stayed there for about a day, make sure that the\npolice--because I knew that if ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I tried to walk home, they'll get me. So I broke\nout of the makeshift barn and hid for another day; then I walked back fifty\nmiles, roughly, to my home again.\n\nI made another effort about a month later and succeeded on the second effort, to\nRomania, and then from there I moved to Hungary, and I was in Budapest in a\nkibbutz for about two or three ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"months, and from there--now I'm going to bore you\nwith the detail--and from there, I was told in Hungary that I couldn't get out\nto America from Hungary because Russia already had a tight grip and they're not\nissuing any visas. I says: \"Well, where can you get out?\" I says, \"How do I get\nwhere I want to go? How do I get to America? I want to go to America. You tell\nme how to get there.\"\n\nHe says: \"Well, the only place that you can possibly get to America--the only\nplace that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"still issues visas is Czechoslovakia.\"\n\nI says: \"Well, how do I get to Czechoslovakia?\"\n\nWell, that was another hurdle to overcome. I finally ended up in Czechoslovakia\nfrom Hungary, with the help of some local leaders, and I had fifty bucks left.\nThat was again crossing illegally another border, from Hungary to\nCzechoslovakia. I stayed in the Czech Republic, in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Slovakian Republic, in\nBratislava [Slovakia] for over a year. I was there in a yeshiva; I went there to\nthe Bratislava yeshiva, which in those days was like the Harvard of the yeshivas\nin Europe. I stayed there for about a year, and then a gentleman by the name of\n[Rabbi Doctor Solomon] Schonfeld from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"England decided that he's going to come to\nEastern Europe and rescue a lot of orphans like myself, who survived the\nconcentration camp. And he came to Czechoslovakia, to the yeshiva--and I have a\nlot of documentation here if you want to see any of it--he came to\nCzechoslovakia and wanted to know who wanted to go to England and to other parts\nof the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"country, who wanted to leave.\n\nWe were roughly about a hundred of us in that group. Within two months, he got\nus papers, and he took us to England, and from there--England could not provide\nus the living quarters and facilities there, in London--from there we went to\nDublin, Ireland, where I lived in a castle for about nine or ten ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"months. In\nfact, last May I went to revisit that--my friend and I, who is in the\nnewspaper--it was our anniversary of arriving to the castle, and we decided that\nwe were going to go back to Dublin to revisit where we lived with a hundred\nother orphan children for roughly eight--some of them were there longer than\neight months, but I was there ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"roughly seven to eight months. But that was just\nroughly an overview about how I got to Ireland.\n\nThen from Ireland, those hundred kids were then taken to different parts of the\nworld. Some of us came to America; others, England and Israel, et cetera.\n\nKENT: Can you describe what your nature was like as a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"young person? How would\nyou describe yourself?\n\nLYNN: In way what?\n\nKENT: Your personality. How did you think? How did you see?\n\nLYNN: I was a very determined sort of a guy. I know what I wanted in life. I\nwanted to rebuild my life. My entire motives were to come to a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"place where I'm\nonly limited by my ambitions and nothing else, where opportunities are provided,\nequal opportunities are provided to everyone. I had goals to rebuild my life. My\nlife was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"shattered. I had no money. I had no relatives. I was the only--well, I\nhad some relatives in New York when I came to New York, [an] aunt and uncle.\n\nThe only thing that I had going for me as a youngster is I knew that I wanted to\nmake something out of my life. I wanted to succeed, but I didn't know what I\nwanted to do, but I knew also that in order to succeed, I had to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"get a decent\neducation. So my determination to get an education and make something out of my\nlife--I knew that unless I can overcome my lack of education, which was a\nbarrier--the only barriers in life that we have, and I've maintained this much\nof my business career--the only barriers we have in our lives are our minds and\nambitions and nothing else. And then to some extent education, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or lack of it,\ncan be a barrier.\n\nBut I decided that this is something I can control. There are certain things I\ncouldn't control. I couldn't control Hitler. I couldn't control my destiny in\nAuschwitz. But I could control the rest of my destiny. And I took full charge of\nmy destiny. I came to New York as a student on a scholarship to the Yeshiva\nUniversity. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I went on to--from there, I decided I needed a few high school\ncredits to qualify, to matriculate. I went to the Bernard Baruch School of the\nCity University of New York for five years, undergraduate school, at night and\nduring the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"day. And then I continued to go to--I went to graduate school, New\nYork University graduate school.\n\nThat was my springboard to success. Without that--and of course education alone\nis not a springboard to success, but that gave me the opportunity to do what I\nwanted to do. You don't lack many opportunities.\n\nKENT: Here's an abstract ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"question. You said at one point that your God or--you\nknow, that feeling about that had ended or died, some words like that.\n\nLYNN: Right.\n\nKENT: So what was all that conviction and desire and pride based on?\n\nLYNN: Well,--\n\nKENT: You didn't have a family, either.\n\nLYNN: I lost--having seen the immense depth of suffering, the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"abyss of human\nsuffering, it left me literally faithless. I said earlier that my God was\ndesanctified in Auschwitz when my parents died, when I saw the staggering amount\nof suffering, the humiliation, the degradation, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I saw religious people who\nwere devoutly religious pleading for mercy, and their voices went unheeded. I\nsaid to myself: This man above us is either a very cruel person or an impotent\nperson. In either case, I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"don't want any part of him for the rest of my life. So\nhe became in my eyes--God became desanctified.\n\nBut that is not to say that I have shed myself of my heritage. No, we are very\nJewish. We belong to a temple. But I have had a difficult time becoming a\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"serious Jew as defined by religion. If Jewishness is defined by religion, then\nI'm not J---I'm not--I'm not religious. Or if religion is defined by\nJewishness--or the other way around. I have lost a lot of faith in religion. But\nI also feel--and this is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where the contradiction is--as I got older, I got more\nand more ambivalent about this. And I said to myself that if we did not have\nreligion, we would have to invent it because all the human values that we have\ntoday, that--\n\n[Recording interruption.]\n\nKENT: This is [an interview of] Murray Lynn, and we're continuing the second tape.\n\nAnd what were you going to read?\n\nLYNN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You asked me a question about my faith, and I said that I had ambivalent\nfeelings about faith. Very recently, I spoke to a group of teenagers, and here\nis what I said about faith that I'd like to quote myself, if you don't mind. I\ncan say this in a more articulate way by reading it. It's just a short sentence,\na short few sentences. [Reads]: \"Faith helped us survive the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"vagaries of fate\nfor over 4,000 years. It is our spiritual seatbelt. Yes, I have experienced a\nspiritual crisis or spiritual malfunction, metaphorically speaking. At times I\nfelt that my God desanctified himself and died with my family. And yet, the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"alternative to religion and faith is a barren, sterile existence, devoid of\nmeaning and hope. I'm convinced beyond a shadow of doubt that if we did not have\nreligion and faith and embrace its precepts and dogmas, we would have to invent\nit because it is our moral ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"compass, our blueprint, and safety net. Our faith\nteaches us values and virtues on which the entire edifice of human life is built.\"\n\nAnd this is basically what my summary about faith, how I feel about it. This is\nwhy I said I'm ambivalent. I realize the importance of faith, the values that it\ngives us, and as we get ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"older, we all look for an anchor in life, and faith is\nour anchor. It's our seatbelt. It's a safety seatbelt, like it or not. When\nsomething goes wrong, the first thing you say is, \"Oh, God!\" or \"God, help me.\"\nBut it's a knee-jerk reaction. I say, \"Is there really a God?\" but it's a\nknee-jerk reaction when something happens, you say, \"Oh, God!\" So this is--what\nI'm saying is I have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ambivalent feelings.\n\nBut I have imbued the ideas of faith into my family, into the children. At least\nthey need to remember who they are because I kept telling them: \"If you don't\nremember who you are, people will remind you.\"\n\nKENT: Of those 20 percent who survived, beyond just blind luck, are you implying\nthat those are the more faithful type people who could hang on, or what\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"generalities could you say about those 20 percent?\n\nLYNN: Well, the experience that I have had was a mixture of experiences among\nthose who survived. There are those who boldly deny the existence, unequivocally\nand boldly deny the existence of a deity. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They feel so deeply embittered, so\ndeeply traumatized that they will never forgive the deity, if there is one, for\nhis apathy and for his ruthlessness in the wake of our suffering.\n\nThen there are ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those who feel that it was God's will, that we were punished for\nsome sins. I think it's nice to feel that way. It's a catharsis. It's a terrific\ncatharsis if you could rationalize that, but I think it's garbage.\n\nMost of them are embittered people. As I said ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"earlier, we lead two lives, all of\nus. I would like to forget my past. I mentioned this to you before. I have not\nspoken about my past for fifty years. It's only in the last four or five years\nthat I've--my family knows very little about my past, because it was too\npainful, too difficult, and I was really concerned about talking about it. I was\nafraid that it might open ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"too many wounds.\n\nBut as I got older, I mellowed. I said the curtain is slowing coming down on us.\nThis is our last act in our life's drama. The curtain is slowly coming down. If\nwe don't tell the story to authenticize [sic; authenticate] the horrors, who\nwill? Much of it has been already said, but the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more we say, the more we share,\nthe more secure future generations will be. So I have mellowed my views on this,\nto a large extent.\n\nBut it's still difficult. I still don't want to confront the past. You know,\nwhen you talk about what happened, you're confronting the past, and none of us\nlike to confront ugly things in life, whether they're personal in nature or\nfailures, whatever. So when you're dealing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with a past, you're confronting a\npart of your life that you want to forget, and it's very difficult.\n\nKENT: So your resilience is a combination of strength, character, and faith and\nso on, and then also the ability to repress effectively, compared to a lot of survivors.\n\nLYNN: That is true. I think it's, again--and I have tried to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"figure myself out.\nI've done a lot of soul searching throughout the years about the kind of person\nI am and the kind of person would I have liked to be, and what I missed in life.\nYou go through, you take stock and inventory of yourself, and I think one of the\nthings that I learned about myself [is that] on the outside I look like I'm a\nvery soft, easy-going person, which is true, but ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"beneath that soft, cushy, fuzzy\nsurface I'm tougher than steel inside. That toughness, that resilience enabled\nme to survive. I always knew what I wanted in life. I knew I wanted to survive.\nI knew I wanted to be successful in life. I knew I wanted to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have financial\nsecurity. I have achieved my goals, what I wanted to achieve.\n\nBut, yes, it is part character and determination and just the indomitable spirit\nto win. That indomitable spirit to win will overpower all other hurdles in life.\nAnd I had that indomitable spirit to win all my life. You have to be\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"competitive, and you have to know what you want to win. If you don't know what\nyou want, how can you win? You can only win if you know what you want, what your\ngoals are.\n\nKENT: Then there's a personal aspect of all that. How did you make the\ntransition from seeing other people as being brutal and inhuman and so on to\nhaving to live in a normal world again ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and try to be a normal person?\n\nLYNN: You know, that is an excellent question. I am blessed with a very\nforgiving personality. I have a difficult time fostering grudges, nursing\ngrudges, nursing anger. In my view, anger is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a cancer that destroys people's\nminds and bodies. I have learned to deal with my past fairly much to the extent\nthat I have been able to isolate it from my present. I have been able to\nseparate it and isolate it from my present, and I live in the present. And I\nhave never been a bitter guy. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, I read a lot of books about survivors like\nmyself in Auschwitz. Many of them are bitter to this day. A good friend of mine\nin Canada that I grew up with who survived--I went to see him one time fifteen\nyears ago. I have not seen him again because he's a very bitter person, very\nparanoid person, very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"distrustful person, very angry person. I couldn't be\naround him very long. I mean, you cannot live in the past forever. At some\npoint, you have to say to yourself, Yeah, it happened, but let's go on. Let's\nmove on.\n\nAnd this is the gift that I have had. If I had any gift in life, if I was given\nany gift, if I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had any gift at all, that was the gift that I have been able to\noverlook and ignore or bypass the things that I didn't want to deal with, and\nmove on and cleanse my heart and cleanse my mind of things that I did not want\nto overwhelm me as a person. I didn't want the past to govern ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me. I wanted to be\ngoverned--Hey, there's nothing I can do about the past. What I have I learned\nfrom this? Well, I learned a lot from this. And how will this affect my present\nlife? How will this affect my children? And it has affected me in many ways, my\npast, in terms of lessons that I learned from the past, but not in a bitter way,\nmore in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a structured way, more in a positive way than a bitter way.\n\nIt gave me the drive. It gave me the self--it empowered me to do more for\nmyself. The past has empowered me to do more for myself, because I had nobody\nelse to do it for me and no one to rely on.\n\nKENT: When you said that you live in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"two different worlds at the same time, what\ndoes that actually mean. How is that different from living in one world? What\nwould that mean?\n\nLYNN: Well, living in a different world, living in two worlds simply means that\nthe past is etched in your psyche so deep and your life and your daily existence\nthat as much as you try to purge it, as much as I have tried to purge it out of\nmy ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"life, I get occasional nightmares still, being in Auschwitz, fifty years\nlater. Talking as I do right now is not necessarily something I like to do,\nbecause we like to suppress things we don't like to talk about. It has made me\nsomewhat insecure. I'm basically a very insecure ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"guy, shy, deeply shy and deeply insecure.\n\nKENT: But made of steel.\n\nLYNN: Pardon?\n\nKENT: But made of steel.\n\nLYNN: But made of steel. But, you see, that insecurity can have a dual sword. It\ncan have a dual edge. Insecurity can inhibit you or it can drive you. In my\ncase, it has driven me. It has been my driving force. I don't feel very much at\nease in large ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"crowds. While I've been a very successful businessman, there's a\ndichotomy between that and my personality. I had to speak a lot in front of\npeople and businesses and deal with people, but yet I would rather read a book,\na good book and be by myself than be with a lot of people. So it affected my\nlife. That part of it, I blame the past for me ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"being the person I am, to a large\nextent, and I cannot shed that part of my life.\n\nSo this what I mean by having two personalities. The other personality of me is,\nHey, I don't want any part of the past anymore. I had enough of this. I want to\nlive in the present, and I don't want to deal with the past anymore. It's too\npainful. It's too gruesome. It is too unpleasant. And it serves--the only reason\nI talk about it now is because I want to give history a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"chance. I want to give\nfuture generations the opportunity to know what we went through. As I said\nearlier, this is Act IV [4] for us, the last drama in our lives. If we don't do\nit, who will?\n\nIn part, I'm doing this for altruistic reasons more than psychological reasons.\nI don't necessarily need to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"vent. This is not a catharsis for me. I do this more\nfor altruistic reasons. Some people do this as a catharsis; others do it for\naltruistic reasons. I do it for altruistic reasons.\n\nKENT: Maybe just one more subtle type question in getting more into your history\nof building a life in America and so on. Along with the physical brutishness and\nthe savagery and all of that, part of the Holocaust is that society and the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"systems and the values and all of that became very corrupt and very insane. How\ndo you go back into believing in society and rules and systems and paperwork and\nauthorities or [unintelligible], et cetera? How did you go into believing in all\nof that again, instead of becoming a total rebel?\n\nLYNN: Right. Well, you know, again, it goes ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"back--I had two choices in my life:\nto be cynical and distrustful, look at a cup half full or half empty. I have\nalways felt that even the worst people have some redeeming qualities and I used\nthat as a basis for building my life. One of the reasons I couldn't live in New\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"York--while I was going to school there, I told my aunt that I was living with,\nI could not deal with that kind of society where you are considered a\ndistrustful person until you prove otherwise. I am just the very opposite. I\ntrust everyone until I find out otherwise. I'm not a cynical person. I see some\ngood in every person. I'm no saint. I don't want to tell you that I'm a saint. I\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have my share of human flaws, but one thing about me is that I have never nursed\nany bitterness, any anger at my former enemies or even my present enemies.\n\nI have only had two careers in my life, and that tells you also a lot about my\nmakeup, my personality. You adopt, you adjust and you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"flow. Yes, I could have\nbecome cynical about politics. I became cynical about religion. You can become\ncynical about values. I think that has given me a set of values that has helped\nme. My past has taught me, instead of values, that it's helped me instead of\nhindered me.\n\nKENT: Let's continue with your actual story of--you were, what, in New York,\ngoing to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"school?\n\nLYNN: Right.\n\nKENT: Yes, how did you go on from there?\n\nLYNN: I went to my friend, who is now in Boston--he and I went to undergraduate\nschool in New York together. His name is Kahn. He was written up in a paper with\nme. He was not a Holocaust survivor. He was hidden in Romania by a gentile\nfamily, he and his parents, but came ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to New York from Ireland with me. We both\nwent through high school and undergraduate school. And I said to myself, what\ndid I want to do in my life? I wanted to--again, I had many choices to make.\nFirst, what did I want to do in life? What kind of career did I want? What kind\nof career path did I want to choose? If so, where did I want to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"live? Then where\nam I going to get the money to do all these things? I had lofty ideas, what I\nwanted to do in my life, but I had no resources.\n\nSo while I was in New York, I worked part time. While I was going to school, I\nworked initially part time in a liquor store for fifteen dollars a week; while I\nwas going to City College and taking fourteen, fifteen credits at night, I was\nin school ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from four, five in the afternoon until ten at night, and lived with an\naunt. She was a poor lady, in Brooklyn. I had a laundry--very poor, but she had\na heart bigger than she was. She was like my mom, wonderful human being. And I\npaid her five dollars out of the fifteen dollars I was making, and the other ten\ndollars I used to buy my clothes and my food while I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"working and going to school.\n\nI went to City University of New York on 23rd Street for five years and studied\nbusiness, then I continued on to New York University Graduate School, went to\nNew York University Graduate School. And this was already in the mid fifties. I\ncame to New York in the late ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"forties, [19]49 in fact, and this was--I've been\ngoing to school now for six, seven years--and I was tired of New York. I was\ntired of being poor. I was tired of the weather. I was tired of the people. And\nI just did not like this--my personality was not suited for that lifestyle. I'm\nbasically a passive, low-key sort of a guy, and New ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"York is not a good place for\npassive people because they run you over.\n\nSo I decided one day, I'm going to leave New York. So I looked in The New York\nTimes, and I saw in an ad in the paper for a sales person in Atlanta. And my\naunt said to me: \"You went to school for six, seven years and with your\nbackground, you want to go to work as a sales person?\" She ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=4830.0,4860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"says, \"It's very humbling.\"\n\nI says: \"Aunt Helen,\" I says, \"I'm getting out of New York. I don't have any\nskills yet.\" Education is not a skill, it's just an opportunity. I says: \"I\ndon't have any skills.\" I says, \"I am going to leave New York.\"\n\nShe says: \"Where are you going?\"\n\nI says: \"I'm going south.\"\n\nWell, she didn't know where Georgia is. She came to this country in 1900, still\nmisspelled Brooklyn three ways. A wonderful human being but old ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fashioned. And\nshe says: \"They still go barefoot there.\" She was very uneasy when she heard\nthat I was--we had no car. She had very, very negative notions about what life\nwas like in the South--she read in the New York papers, et cetera.\n\nAnyway, I made up my mind. I was single-minded. You know, you don't survive\nAuschwitz and let Aunt Helen talk you out of going down ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"South. I mean\n[chuckles], that was against my personality. So I says: \"Aunt Helen, I'm leaving\nnext week.\"\n\nShe says: \"Moishe, you gotta be crazy.\"\n\nI says: \"Aunt Helen, I'm leaving.\"\n\nSo we left for Atlanta and started out on a job as a sales person here for a\ncompany, and ultimately I became a senior VP of the company; it was an\ninternational company, and I was one of the major stockholders in that company,\nand I became a president of another division.\n\nFrom there ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we sold the company. I was with those who were with that company for\ntwenty-nine years in Atlanta. From there, we sold the company, or we sold the\ncompany. From there, we opened another company, and I was with that company for\na number of years as CEO, president and CEO. That company was ultimately sold,\nand I moved on. Most recently, in the last eight, nine years I worked as a\ndirector of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"corporate development for an outfit in Chicago. And I just recently\nretired from that company.\n\nKENT: We can talk about the personal part of that story. How did you meet your\nwife, for example, and start a family?\n\nLYNN: My wife. When I came to Atlanta in [19]56, I met a friend. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=4980.0,5010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"went to the\n[Marcus] Jewish [Community] Center in Atlanta to meet a lady. In [19]56 I was\ntwenty-six years old at the time. I went to the Jewish Center to meet a lady.\nAnd instead of meeting a lady, I met a friend, a male friend. His name was\nAlembik. He just finished law school at Georgetown. He was a Frenchman and also\ncame to this country, and we struck up a conversation. He was looking ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for a\nlady, and I was looking for a lady, and we met each other instead.\n\nSo we became fast friends. One day, my wife was introduced to him by a friend,\nand my wife was from Tennessee, and he could not take her out--oh, so he had a\ndate with her, and he could not take her out. He had some legal obligations in\nhis ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=5040.0,5070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"office, and he couldn't take her out for dinner or something, and he asked\nme if I would mind taking his girlfriend out. So--[Laughs] so that was--the rest\nis history, or legend. Whichever. We are still one of the best friends. He is my\noldest friend, one of my oldest friends. He is just also retired from law, and\nhis wife was an attorney, Alembik and Alembik in town, and he ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"also goes to speak\nto the Center. Have you seen him? Yes. He is one of my best friends and oldest\nfriends in Atlanta.\n\nI have three children. My oldest one is a daughter. She is single, much to our\nchagrin. Is a very successful business lady. Then I had a second ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=5100.0,5130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"daughter, the\nmiddle one, Anita. She is an attorney in town, a very successful attorney. And\nmy son, who is in business. He is married, but the two daughters are single,\nboth of them, both to my wife's and my unhappiness.\n\nFEMALE INTERVIEWER: Did you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"name your children after anyone in your family?\n\nLYNN: Yes. Allen, my son Allen, was named after my dad. My dad's name was\nAvrohum. And my oldest daughter, Roberta, was named after my mom, and I have a\npicture of my mom. She was a beautiful woman. Her name was Rosa, and I named her\nRoberta. And then Anita was named after my brother, one of my brothers.\n\nKENT: Can you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=5160.0,5190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"describe Atlanta in the fifties? What was it like? And the Jewish\npart of it also--what was it like?\n\nLYNN: Well, Atlanta was very provincial in the fifties. There was not a lot to\ndo. I think that--when I met my wife, we belonged to a club here called\nProgressive Club. I don't know if you are from Atlanta, if you remember, but if\nyou didn't belong to a club, there was nothing much to do. Life was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=5190.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fairly dull,\nvery routine. I did not have much of a chance to get bored in Atlanta because I\ntraveled a lot in those days. I joined this company, and part of my job was\nworking and training other people throughout the nation, so I didn't get a\nchance to get bored much.\n\nBut on weekends, there was not a lot to do other than a movie. There were not\nmany fine restaurants years ago. There was a restaurant that if you were\nsomebody, you were seen ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=5220.0,5250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there. It was called Fan \u0026 Bill's, and I don't\nknow--that was before your days. If your parents live here in town, they\nprobably know what I'm talking about.\n\nLife revolved around family and sports. That was about it in Atlanta. And, of\ncourse, if you had the money, you went away, you traveled overseas. Traveling\noverseas in the fifties was not as prevalent as it is today because you had to\nhave the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=5250.0,5280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"financial resources. Today most people, even with limited financial\nresources, travel a lot, and they can enjoy the things that people in the\nFifties did not enjoy. Years ago, going to Florida was, you know, a major event.\nGoing to Miami was a major event, particularly for Jewish people, and then later\nthat extended into the Bahamas and ultimately going to Europe was the in thing,\nyou know.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=5280.0,5310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We travel a lot now. We go away two or three times a year on cruises and to\nEurope, travel all over. Life today is far broader. We lead a much broader life\ntoday than we did in the Fifties.\n\nIn those days, we belonged to an Orthodox synagogue, contrary to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=5310.0,5340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my beliefs and\nall this. This was out of convenience. We belonged to Beth Jacob. I don't know\nif you heard of it, on LaVista Road. And after a while--that's when we lived on\nthe other side of town, on LaVista Road. We bought this house thirty years ago,\nand I said to my wife: \"There's no way I'm going back to Beth Jacob.\" I says,\n\"They don't meet my values and my convictions, and I am not going to be a\nhypocrite and go to a synagogue that I don't believe in.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=5340.0,5370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we became members\nof a temple here, a Reform temple.\n\nSo life is much broader now for us. We have family get-togethers on weekends,\nthe wife and children--we're very close. They all live in Atlanta, so life is\nmuch broader than it was thirty years ago.\n\nKENT: We're trying to talk about it as diplomatically as we can, what are your\ndifferent thoughts and feelings and values about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=5370.0,5400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewishness and different parts\nof it: what you like, what you don't like, that sort of thing, without being too provocative.\n\nLYNN: Right, right. Well, I think that I'd like to break down Jewishness in two\nparts: religion and heritage. In terms of heritage, I'm permeated ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=5400.0,5430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Judaism. My\nheritage is very important to me. It's part of my identity, and I take pride in that.\n\nReligion--I feel, as I said earlier, unattached to religion, much to my chagrin.\nI have a difficult time getting involved in religion. I'm having a difficult\ntime convincing myself ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=5430.0,5460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I ought to believe in something I don't believe in.\nThe reason we belong to a Reform temple is because it is more contemporary. I\nthink a lot of the rituals have been eliminated, and I can relate a little\nbetter to the Reform movement than I do to the Orthodox or even Conservative movement.\n\nSo we are very Jewish, but I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=5460.0,5490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have a difficult time with the rituals. I think\nthat the Jewish religion needs to be updated a little bit, particularly\northodoxy and conservatism. I know I'm in a minority, but unless that is done,\nthe younger generation will have a difficult time connecting with religion.\n\nKENT: Do you have any particular belief or mythology or whatever of how the\nHolocaust fits ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=5490.0,5520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into the whole Jewish tradition, heritage, the whole package?\n\nLYNN: As a matter of fact, I do. You know, I have written--\n\nKENT: [unintelligible] guilt about either killing Jesus or [unintelligible].\n\nLYNN: Oh, how it fits into being Jewish. Well, I think--look, I have written\nabout this, and I'd like to read this to you, what the Holocaust--if I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=5520.0,5550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can,\nbecause I'm going to talk about this, and I can do it a little more eloquently.\nCan you turn that off for a minute?\n\n[Recording interruption.]\n\nLYNN: Let me read you what I have prepared for--next week I'm going to talk to\nthe temple, to a group of teenagers that I like very much to talk with and talk\nto, because they are most impressionable and they're most interested. And here's\nwhat I have. [Reads]: \"Throughout ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=5550.0,5580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the ages, intolerance has been the bane and\nroot of all evil. Intolerance of race, color, ethnicity, religion and political\nideologies spawned currents of unprecedented political convulsions, social\nunrest, visceral hate, persecution, wars and genocide. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=5580.0,5610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In truth, the Holocaust\nwas a culmination of 1,800 years of Jew baiting and Jew hating simply because\nour heritage bequeathed us with the Torah and its teachings, the anchor and\nbedrock of our identity.\n\n\"To Christianity, this implied heresy and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=5610.0,5640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"blasphemy because it desanctifies\nChrist as a messiah. No, Hitler did not invent anti-Semitism. He was merely a\nbyproduct of his time in Austria and Germany, the incubator of racist theories\nand dogmas during the turbulent political convulsions in the 19th ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=5640.0,5670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and 20th\ncenturies. What separated Hitler from other notorious Jew haters was his guile\nand ghoulish gift to manipulate his audiences [to] unshackle and unleash\ncenturies of pent-up and simmering anger and hate against the Jews in Germany\nand ultimately other countries he conquered.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=5670.0,5700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"To illuminate the immensity of the Holocaust, it is important that I share with\nyou a fleeting overview that was the central catalyst leading to the Holocaust.\nSince Roman times, the Catholic church had systematically and dogmatically\nportrayed the Jews as infidels in league with the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=5700.0,5730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Devil, sinners, rebels against\nGod, and immoral lepers. This inflammatory rhetoric permeated the hearts and\nminds of the Christian universe and gave rise to endless pogroms and deeply\nentrenched prejudices against the Jews.\n\n\"During the 16th century in Germany, the father of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=5730.0,5760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Protestant movement,\nMartin Luther, elevated anti-Semitism to new heights when the Jews refused to\nconvert to his redefined and emancipated Protestant movement. Although Jews had\nlived in Germany since the Roman times, they had no civil rights until 1870,\ngranted by a new constitution, and that was soon challenged by 250,000 signed\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=5760.0,5790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"petitions to ban Jews from schools and universities and from holding public office.\n\n\"Most leading anti-Semites in Austria and Germany were influential politicians,\nintellectuals, journalists, church leaders and composers like Richard Wagner.\nThey shaped attitudes, set the stage, tone and agenda that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=5790.0,5820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"emboldened Hitler to\ndraw up a master plan for a Judenrein Germany and world. Still--and this is the\ncore of the whole thing--still Nazi anti-Semitic propaganda drew much of its\ninspiration from 2,000 years of anti-Jewish tradition, cultivated by the\nChristian churches, stereotyping ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=5820.0,5850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and depicting Jews in a satanic imagery. And\nthat is basically what led to the Holocaust.\"\n\nI did not want to get into as lot of details, but throughout the 18th and 19th\ncentury in Germany--for example, when the Kaiser appointed a chaplain, [Adolf]\nStoecker, S-T-O-E-C-K-E-R, he was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=5850.0,5880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a Protestant clergyman. He was the father of\nanti-Semitism in Germany. So much of Hitler's propaganda came from people, from\nintellectuals, from churchmen, from the church itself, and he was, as I said\nearlier, a byproduct of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=5880.0,5910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anti-Semitism. He did not invent anti-Semitism. But the\nchurch is responsible for the Holocaust. I blame the Catholic church. They set\nthe stage and the tone for the Holocaust, for 1,800 years.\n\nKENT: I wonder, just to go with fantasy a little bit, if you had been a Jewish\nleader during those 1,800 years, somebody ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=5910.0,5940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who had some power and so on, would\nyou have responded to that in any different way? Is there way that this could\nhave been lessened over the years?\n\nLYNN: Yes, yes, I'll tell you how this could have been lessened. If we had a\nJewish leader 1,800 years ago who had the vision to say: \"We need to have a\nhome. We need to have Israel. We need to have some identity\"--because, you see,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=5940.0,5970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"racism--Hitler claimed that he was not persecuting the Jews, he was persecuting\na race and not the Jews. He invented racism, to a large extent. Why not Jews?\nBecause he felt that Judaism is not a permanent thing. You can convert. You can\nchange your religion, but you cannot change, genetically, as a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=5970.0,6000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"race. He came up\nwith the notion that we are a race, which is not true, and he used this as a\nbasis for exterminating the Jews. But I think had we had a Moses, a visionary\n1,800 years ago and 1,500 years ago that said: \"Hey, we will be wandering\ngypsies for the rest of our lives and subject to persecution for the rest of our\nlives unless we have a home of our ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=6000.0,6030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"own,\" this wouldn't have happened.\n\nLook at--look, I say this also: Why did they pick us? Because we were homeless.\nWhy were they not picking on the Muslim religion? There are a billion Muslims\nwho don't believe in Christianity. There are over 2 billion Buddhists and\nHindus. There are probably hundreds of millions of atheists who ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=6030.0,6060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"deny\nChristianity and Christ. Why is it that they were not picked? Why is it that we\nwere singled out? Why is it that they have different standards or the world had\ndifferent standards for them? Why did Christianity have one standard for us and\nanother standard for them? You know why? Because they had homes and we didn't.\nThey had identity, and we didn't.\n\nKENT: To make it personal again, and it's not meant as a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=6060.0,6090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"provocative thing but\njust to hear you, since you did have this strong Jewish feeling about you and\nyou had a very strong nature, just that drive, how come you didn't decide to\nmove to Palestine and create a nation out of that place?\n\nLYNN: Right. Well--\n\nINTERVIEWER: And become the first prime minister, with your personality?\n\nLYNN: Well, you know something? If I had been in Israel, I'll tell you, I would\nhave been somebody. I would have been somebody or something, for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=6090.0,6120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sure. I would\nhave been a leader somewhere of something. But the reason is that I had\nideologies, I had strong feelings about Israel, but to be honest with you, I did\nnot want to pay the price at that particular point in life. I was tired. I was\nlonely. I was poor. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=6120.0,6150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I had an emptiness in me. I had a life of--at the age of\nfourteen, I faced a new world, and I said to myself, I just got through facing\nmy worst nightmares in my life, and I knew what was going on in Palestine and\nwhat was going to go on in Palestine-- I was not ready to face more challenges\nat that point, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=6150.0,6180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"challenges that would have ended my life or could have ended my life.\n\nThere's no question in my mind that whatever I would have done in Israel, I\nwould have tried to do it the very best, that I would have been a fanatic, I've\nalways been. I've had a fanatic attitude when I have my mind made up about\nsomething and I want to do it, and I would have been that kind of a person, a\nfighter in the field or a politician. I probably would have been dead by now.\n\nSo yes, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=6180.0,6210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was torn between Israel and coming to America, and it was mind over\nheart or heart over mind, I don't know which. But America prevailed.\n\nKENT: Now, when you started raising children, were you aware of teaching them in\nany particular way or raising them in any particular ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=6210.0,6240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"way? The physical part of\nit, the values and stuff like that.\n\nLYNN: Well, yes. You know, I was very strong on values but not religious values\nbut moral values. My kids know when I say something to them, they can put this\nin the bank, and I feel the same way about them. Religion was not a big thing in\nmy house. Unfortunately, I have some regrets about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=6240.0,6270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that. I wish I had promoted\nmy children a little more. They all went to Sunday school. They graduated from\nSunday school. But they knew how I felt about religion, and it's very difficult\nto tell your children: \"Do as I say, not as I do.\" [Chuckles.] And you cannot\nteach children something you are not, or convince your children to be something\nyou are not.\n\nWhat I have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=6270.0,6300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"done throughout the years, I taught them values of integrity, moral\nvalues, business values. I also taught them that I don't want them to be\nmediocre at anything. I says: \"I don't care what you do in life, but I want you\nto excel at anything you do. I want you to be the best at anything you do.\" And\nthey've all excelled.\n\nSo those are the values that I have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=6300.0,6330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"instilled, is that mediocrity offers no\nrewards in life, no matter what you do, whether you are a professor or whether\nyou are businessman or a professional, mediocrity offers no rewards. Only\nexcellent [sic; excellence] does. And I have imbued my children with that\nphilosophy, and I believe I've done a good job. They're all very successful.\n\nThose are the values I taught my wife. I'm also even a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=6330.0,6360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"little difficult in that\nrespect as far as being demanding in the kitchen. You know, I'm not a demanding\nguy, easy guy, but I tell my wife all the time: \"I don't want something halfway\nright. I want it either perfect or we go to a restaurant.\" So that's part of my\nflaws. This is part of my flaw. I don't like hotdogs for dinner or spaghetti\ndinners. I want either a complete ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=6360.0,6390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dinner or I go out to eat. And so this is part\nof my philosophy. I want it done right. I want to eat right. I want to live\nright. I want to do the fight things. And I don't want it halfway. [Chuckles.]\n\nKENT: What are some other ways in which your past experience somehow influenced\nyour relationship with your wife, with your kids? Values, attitudes,\npersonality, whatever.\n\nLYNN: I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=6390.0,6420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"think that values and how to deal with others, values, relationships.\nThis is my first marriage. Like any other marriage, you know, we have had our\nups and downs, and yet I have never seriously considered to walk away from this,\nto make any changes. Why? Because I'm not a quitter. My wife and I have totally\ndifferent ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=6420.0,6450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"values. We come from different homes, different environments, but my\nvalues and my past values have given me the kind of moral strength, the kind of\nstamina, the kind of resilience to stick it out. I don't know whether that's a\nvirtue or not, but that's the way it turned out to be.\n\nAnd my children--values in terms of loyalties are very important to me, loyalty\nto my wife, loyalty to my children, loyalty to my job. I've only had two ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=6450.0,6480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or\nthree careers in my life. I've been very successful and always been at the very\ntop in my career, but these are the values, that you don't change jobs in\nmidstream. You don't win when you quit. Quitters don't win, and winners don't\nquit. Those are my values. And I've instilled this in my children. All my\nchildren have been--as I say, my son has got the same job ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=6480.0,6510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"since he got out of\ncollege, and my two daughters--my oldest daughter--she's is forty; she's got a\nsecond job.\n\nAnd so they have all--stability was very important to me because stability gave\nme a level of security which I never had, so that stability--you know, being\nwith my wife, not walking away when times are bad or when we had our share of\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=6510.0,6540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"difficulties, not walking away. That is the kind of value that I think out of\nself-preservation has enabled me to survive, because--the reason I say\nself-preservation is because insecurity, that insecurity has also been a plus\nfor me. Why? I mentioned earlier, I'm essentially a very insecure guy. Leaving a\njob ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=6540.0,6570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gives you a certain level--if you're insecure, you're reluctant to leave a\njob. If you're insecure, you're not going to divorce your wife. If you're\ninsecure, you're going to try harder to do the right thing to make it work.\n\nSo that insecurity, which is a negative or can be a negative, can also be\nchanneled into a positive direction. I have channeled it into a positive\ndirection. It has worked for me. It ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=6570.0,6600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has driven me. It has given me the impetus\nto try harder in my marriage, it has given me the impetus to try harder in my\ncareer, and I have imbued this value in my children. And so these are some of\nthe values that I got from my childhood.\n\nKENT: Certainly if you can survive Auschwitz, you can endure marriage.\n\nLYNN: Well, sometimes enduring marriage is just as tough. I mean, it's not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=6600.0,6630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as\nlife threatening, but it can be threatening to your psyche; it can be\nthreatening to your health, emotional health. You understand that, as a psychologist.\n\nKENT: I've known [unintelligible].\n\nLYNN: Yes, yes. My wife comes from a very secure background. She was raised by a\nmaid, a living [sic; live-in] maid and a governess, and she comes from an\naffluent background in Tennessee. I never had very much as a child, so you can\njust imagine--you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=6630.0,6660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know, you bring two people together from two opposite [unintelligible].\n\nKENT: [unintelligible] more personal, soft part. How much of that have you been\nable or wanting to share with her for the last, whatever, forty years or so?\n\nLYNN: In what way?\n\nKENT: How much of that terrible period of your life has she known, and how it's\naffected you. Have you wanted to share that with her? Can she relate to it?\n\nLYNN: It's very difficult for me ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=6660.0,6690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wife to relate to this, because she lived in a\nvery sheltered life much of her life, and it's very difficult for anyone to\nconnect with people who have been through what I have been through. The reason\nwhy is it difficult? Because you have to know the whole drama. And for my wife\nto sit down for two hours or three hours to listen to my life drama, it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=6690.0,6720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would be\na Herculean task. And so, you know, she knows certain snippets of my background.\nShe knows little, small portions, but she does not have an in-depth idea of what\nI went through and how this changed by life in many ways.\n\nIt's difficult for a person like my wife to relate to this. When the kids were\nyoung, we didn't have much time to talk about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=6720.0,6750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this, because she was busy raising\nthe children. She's done a good job, raising the children. She's a good mom. I\nwas busy cobbling my life together and building a career and didn't have much\ntime to talk about these things. We have more time now, but the kids are gone,\nand she works--she volunteers for Jewish Family Service; She's a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=6750.0,6780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"volunteer\nworker two or three days a week--And she has heard this so many times that it's\nold hat to her right now. I mean, she has heard this, she saw it on television.\nWhat else can I tell her she doesn't know?\n\nBut it's really tough for her to empathize with me. She understands, but it's\ntough to empathize. Only a person who has been through this and who is a good\nlistener, a good communicator, who can emotionally connect with a person--she\ncannot emotionally connect with me on that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=6780.0,6810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"score.\n\nKENT: And how have you changed in the last five years that you've wanted to\npresent this more? Other than having more time, perhaps.\n\nLYNN: I became a little more sentimental about the past. I think that I have a\nlittle more time to do introspection. I have more time to do a lot of soul\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=6810.0,6840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"searching. And I said to myself, What good is my experience if I cannot share it\nwith somebody in a positive way so they can benefit from it? What good is it,\nwhat I went through if I cannot let the world know that this can happen again?\nAnything is possible can happen again. And it's possible it can happen again,\nand that we need to safeguard ourselves ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=6840.0,6870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"against tragedies of this nature.\n\nI think, as I said earlier, for altruistic reasons more than using this as a\ncatharsis, I wanted to--some people like to talk about it; it's a good\ncatharsis, it's a good release. But, no, I didn't want to talk about this for\nthat reason. I wanted to talk about it because I felt sharing this information\nwith others might ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=6870.0,6900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"benefit others. This is my last hurrah. I'm seventy years old.\nI don't know what life has in store for me during the next ten years. So I\nbecame a little sentimental about that, and I said, I need to do ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=6900.0,6930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this.\n\nWOMAN INTERVIEWER: You're going to be starting to talk with children at the\nmuseum. What's your message to them going to be, about what they can do in the\nworld to not allow this to happen again?\n\nLYNN: Right, right. Good point. Look--and the message that I would like to give\nthese children and to leave these children with is this: They need to be\nactivists in their ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=6930.0,6960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"community to work for a better government and work for\ndemocracy because if we look at all the genocides, if we look at some of the\nminor holocausts that happened in Africa and other parts of the world, it\nhappened in countries where they had dictatorships. It happened in the country\nwhere they had no form of democracy. It happened in countries where human ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=6960.0,6990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"values\nwere very low, they had no human values. And I think that if we look at\ncountries throughout history where people suffered the most, where people were\npersecuted the most, where people have pogroms, they were all countries that had\ndictatorships, totalitarian dictatorships.\n\nKENT: How much have you associated with or wanted to bond with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=6990.0,7020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other survivors\nover the years?\n\nLYNN: I didn't want to. I didn't want to, for the reasons that I mentioned. I\nhave been involved very little, and only because, again, being involved with\nthem would remind us [of things] that I did not to be reminded of. In\nretrospect, I regret it.\n\nKENT: Especially since you said your wife couldn't empathize beyond the point that--\n\nLYNN: Right.\n\nKENT: --it's important to have somebody who knows.\n\nLYNN: Right, right. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=7020.0,7050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And also, you know, many of the survivors now--some of them\nare older than I am, some of them are not well, some of them are sick, but I\nhave good intentions of being involved. There's a club here in town of survivors.\n\nKENT: Hemshech.\n\nLYNN: Which one?\n\nKENT: Hemshech.\n\nLYNN: Hemshech. And I need to get in touch--I don't know how to get in touch\nwith them. I'm sure--\n\nKENT: I've got the numbers.\n\nLYNN: Okay, if you'll give me--when you get a chance. I'd like to get in touch\nwith them, and maybe, maybe in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=7050.0,7080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that respect I may also mellow a little bit, but\nfor the same reason that I did not want to unshackle again or unleash my own\nfeelings too much. I was suppressing that. [\u003cEnd Tape 7\u003e \u003cBegin Tape 8\u003e] And\ngetting together with them, what do you talk about? \"Where have you been? What\nconcentration camp have you been in? What have you done? And how did you make\nit?\" The conversation goes back the same way. I just did not want to be reminded\nabout that.\n\nKENT: I wonder how some of them would respond to you, the ones who were maybe\nmore ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=7080.0,7110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"troubled or who have more difficulties in life, how they would hear you,\nyour very positive approach to it all.\n\nLYNN: Well, I doubt, I'll be honest with you, that I could affect those people's\nattitude at this time, at this point in life. You know, their values are shaped\nand etched in concrete by now. [Laughs.] And it's very doubtful that I would\nhave a positive influence if ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=7110.0,7140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they're negative, and there are some who are very\nnegative, who lived in the past forever.\n\nKENT: Is there anything that you'd like to specifically add now that we haven't\nbrought up yet at the end of the tape?\n\nLYNN: No, I think that this has been a great experience to tell the story one\nmore time. I hope that those who watch this ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=7140.0,7170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"story will learn a lesson: This is\nnot about me, what I have just shared with you. This is about history. And I\nthink that we need to draw a lesson. Those who watch this tape in the future\ngenerations who see it and listen to me, I will probably be forgotten ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=7170.0,7200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/transcript/20294/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or\ncertainly an asterisk by then--I hope that they draw some valuable lessons from\nthis experience so they can safeguard future generations of similar tragedies.\n\nKENT: Thank you, Mr. Lynn.\n\nLYNN: Thank you.\n\n[End of interview.]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=7200.0,7230.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/annotation_set/223","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/annotation_set/223/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Carpathian Mountains are a mountain range in Central Europe that form a sort of half circle around the region. It is the second longest mountain range in Europe.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/annotation_set/223/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe term ‘concentration camp’ refers to a camp in which people are detained or confined, usually under harsh conditions and without regard to legal norms of arrest and imprisonment that are acceptable in a constitutional democracy. In Nazi Germany between 1933 and 1945, concentration camps (Konzentrationslager; briefly ‘KL’ or ‘KZ’) were an integral feature of the regime. The Nazis differentiated between concentration camps, which were used to contain slave laborers and prisoners of the Nazi state, and extermination camps, whose primary purpose was the systematic killing of prisoners.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eShortly after coming to power in 1933, the Nazis began to set up a series of concentration camps across Germany. Those were mostly local initiatives: facilities that the SA, SS, and police established on an ad hoc basis, where they would detain and abuse real and imagined enemies of the regime. By 1934, there were over 100 of these early camps in operation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen the Nazi regime came to power, they systematically persecuted both Jewish and non-Jewish Germans perceived to be opponents of the regime. Political opponents (Communists, Social Democrats, liberals) were some of the first victims housed in “temporary” detention centers like Lichtenburg. Jews, homosexuals, Freemasons, Jehovah's Witnesses, clergy who opposed the Nazis, and any others whose behavior—real or perceived—could be interpreted as being in opposition to Nazi political and racial ideologies were also persecuted and incarcerated. The Nazi regime refused to tolerate criticism, dissent, or nonconformity from the German people. Non-Jewish German political activists were treated harshly but other political opponents remained potentially valuable members of the German race. The goal behind their internment in and subsequent release from concentration camps was often a kind of reeducation that would see them fall into line with the regime’s political and racial ideologies.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBetween 1933 and 1939, tens of thousands of Germans were sentenced by the criminal courts. If authorities were confident of a conviction in court, the prisoner was turned over to the justice system for trial. If the outcome of criminal proceedings were unsatisfactory, the acquitted citizen or the citizen who was sentenced to a suspended sentence would still be taken into “protective detention” and incarcerated in a concentration camp.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe first concentration camps were established in 1933. Various authorities set up the makeshift “camps” in empty warehouses, factories, and other locations. Camps were established in Oranienburg, north of Berlin; Esterwegen, near Hamburg; Dachau, northwest of Munich; and Lichtenburg, in Saxony. By the end of July 1933, almost 27,000 people were housed in these camps. Most of the prisoners were political opponents of the Nazi regime. By the end of 1934, most of these early camps were disbanded and replaced by a centrally organized concentration camp system under the exclusive jurisdiction of the SS.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/annotation_set/223/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Arrow Cross was Hungary's own fascist/Nazi party. It was founded by Ferenc Szalasi and took power in 1944 following a dissolution of relations between the Third Reich and the Hungarian government under Admiral Horthy.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/annotation_set/223/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for 'son of commandment.' A rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day. At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes. He is now duty bound to keep the commandments, he puts on \u003cem\u003etefillin, \u003c/em\u003eand may be counted to the \u003cem\u003eminyan\u003c/em\u003e quorum for public worship. He celebrates the \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e by being called up to the reading of the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e in the synagogue, usually on the next avaliable Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/annotation_set/223/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA common antisemetic myth is that Jewish people were responsible for the death of Jesus Christ. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/annotation_set/223/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe term “ghetto” originated in sixteenth-century Venice from the Jewish quarter, where authorities compelled the city’s Jews to live. The term’s usage spread across Europe and referred to areas within cities where members of minorities (typically Jews) lived and were often restricted to by the authorities as a way to separate them from the majority Christian population. During World War II, Nazi Germany established ghettos in segregated city districts to further isolate and imprison regional Jewish populations.  Starting in 1939, the Germans established at least 1,000 ghettos in German-occupied and annexed Poland and the Soviet Union alone. Jews living in ghettos experienced miserable conditions and overcrowding.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/annotation_set/223/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAuschwitz-Birkenau was a network of camps built and operated by Germany just outside the Polish town of Oswiecem (renamed ‘Auschwitz’ by the Germans) in Polish areas annexed by Germany during World War II. It is estimated that the SS and police deported at a minimum 1.3 million people (approximately 1.1 million of which were Jews) to the Auschwitz-Birkenau complex between 1940 and 1945. Camp authorities murdered 1.1 million of these prisoners.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/annotation_set/223/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Gestapo [short for Geheime Staatpolizei--Secret State Police] was the German secret police.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/annotation_set/223/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSonderkommando [German: special command or detail] refers to several types of special units during World War II.  The name was assigned to groups of Jewish slave labor units that were employed in the gas chambers and crematoria of extermination camps. Charged with removing the bodies of those gassed for cremation or burial, they were forced to participate in the extermination process. Jewish Sonderkommando units often were rewarded with better food and physical conditions than other inmates, but were also typically executed after a few weeks or months, only to be replaced by a new group of prisoners.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/annotation_set/223/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eI.G. Farber is a German chemical company that was founded in 1925. They took advantage of the slave labor provided by Nazi concentration camps.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/annotation_set/223/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe SS or Schutzstaffel was a major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party. It began at the end of 1920 as a small, permanent guard unit known as the “Saal-Schutz” made up of Nazi Party volunteers to provide security for party meetings in Munich. Later, in 1925, Heinrich Himmler joined the unit, which had by then been reformed and renamed the “Schutz-Staffel.” Under Himmler’s leadership, it grew from a small paramilitary formation to one of the largest and most powerful organizations in the Third Reich. Under Himmler’s command, it was responsible for many of the crimes against humanity during World War II. Among other activities, black-shirted SS men served as guards at labor and concentration camps. After World War II, like the Nazi Party, it was declared a criminal organization by the International Military Tribunal and banned in Germany.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/annotation_set/223/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTo assist in managing the large communities within concentration or labor camps, German authorities installed a hierarchy of administrative units under their control. A kapo was a prisoner in a concentration camp who was assigned by the SS guards to supervise forced labor or carry out administrative tasks in the camp.  Kapos were generally criminals. The kapo system minimized costs by allowing the camps to function with fewer SS personnel. It was designed to turn victim against victim, as the kapos were pitted against their fellow prisoners in order to maintain the favor of their SS guards.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/annotation_set/223/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEstablished on March 22, 1933, Dachau was the first concentration camp established by the Nazi regime. It was located in southern Germany near the town of Dachau, about 10 miles northwest of Munich. Over 188,000 prisoners passed through Dachau between 1933 and 1945. Prisoners at Dachau were used as forced laborers and tens of thousands were literally worked to death. American troops liberated the camp on April 29, 1945.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/annotation_set/223/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBuchenwald was established in a wooded area near Weimer, Germany at the beginning July 1937. Originally it held political prisoners, criminals, Communists, “asocials” etc. from the area. The camp also came to house Soviet prisoners-of-war.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVarious forms of diversion were instituted at Buchenwald for the entertainment of either SS guards or non-Jewish prisoners, including a movie theatre, zoo, and brothel.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAfter Kristallnacht on November 9, 1938, German SS and police sent almost 10,000 Jews to Buchenwald. They were subjected to extraordinary cruelty upon arrival and 600 Jewish prisoners died during their brief imprisonment. Due to pressure from the victim’s families and Jewish and International organizations, the Germans released over 9,000 Jews from Buchenwald at the end of 1938.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe first prisoners were forced to build it from scratch without proper machinery or tools or adequate food. The initial death rate was high.  Over time the camp also became a production site in its own right, a military base, and civilian SS settlement.  The prisoners were used to clear forests, work in a quarry, at a brick mill, laying water pipes, building gas lines, and in various workshops including armaments factory.  In addition to “extermination through work” the camp was also known for its cruel punishment system and medical experiments. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA crematorium was constructed in Buchenwald in 1940. However, by February 1945, the Germans could no longer obtain fuel for its operation. As a result, the corpses piled up and the number of rats increased dramatically. In mid-March, they began burying the corpses in mass graves.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1942-1943 the camp also assumed the role of a transit camp as it absorbed prisoners were other places and assigned them to work camps and factories in the area.  A “Small Camp” was established to process these prisoners, who were held in quarantine until they were assigned to other work camps.  The conditions in the Small Camp were even worse than in the Main Camp.  The prisoners were housed in ex-stables and later tents.  By early 1945 the Small Camp had essentially become a camp of death and disease where prisoners were just dumped to die. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition to a large Jewish population, Buchenwald also held political prisoners, criminals, Communists, and “asocials.” Over time, more and more foreign prisoners were sent to Buchenwald, including Czech, Slovak, Dutch, Polish, French, Spanish and Soviet POWs, forced laborers, and resistance fighters. Eventually, there were prisoners from 35 nationalities in the camp. The total population in Buchenwald varied between 8,000-10,000 inmates to a peak of roughly 48,000 prisoners in April 1945.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBy 1943, the Communist prisoners in Buchenwald had control of all the important camp positions, including the camp elder and almost all block elders, as well as foremen in the important detachments. As one of the larger, more stable groups in the camp, they built an administration structure that secured privileges, improved their chances of survival and, while indispensable to the SS, also managed to channel the SS terror. There also existed a parallel secret organization of (mostly German) Communists, the International Camp Committee Buchenwald (Internationales Lagerkomitee Buchenwald, ILKB). The ILKB was the largest Communist underground organization within the camp system and it controlled and coordinated the prisoners’ activities. The organization also included a mobile security force known as the Lagerschutz [German: camp protection]. To some extent, the Lagerschutz was able to limit the SS presence in the camp. They also had plans for an armed uprising by the prisoners, which was to be done on strict military lines with the few weapons that had been smuggled into the camp.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Allies deliberately did not bomb camps where only the labor was kept. However, around Buchenwald, there were many legitimate military targets in the form of factories. During the day of August 24, 1944, American bombers attacked the armaments works and SS facilities located near the main camp and largely destroyed them. Because the prisoners were forced to remain near the factory during the air raid, 2,000 of them were injured and 388 killed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs the camps close to the advancing Allied front were evacuated in August 1944, Buchenwald’s population increased to 31,491 prisoners and its 64 subcamps had a population of 43,500 prisoners. By the end of the year, 63,048 men and 24,210 women were in Buchenwald and its subcamps. The overcrowding left many lodged in tents or with no roof over their heads whatsoever.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBuchenwald was evacuated in April 1945 ahead of the American army.  Due to time, the 48,000 prisoners in the camp only about 28,000 were evacuated—mostly Jews and Soviet prisoners-of-war.  It is estimated that only about 1/3 of the prisoners survived the aimless death marches.  Buchenwald was liberated on April 11, 1945.  Of the 3,000 SS guards most fled; only 80 were captured.  In all, approximately 56,000 of the 238,980 prisoners who went through Buchenwald died. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen American troops liberated the Buchenwald concentration camp on April 11, 1945, they found a group of approximately 1000 Jewish child survivors. Most of the children were originally from Poland, though others came from Hungary, Slovenia and Ruthenia. American army chaplains contacted the offices of the OSE (Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants), the Jewish children's relief organization in Geneva. They arranged to send 427 of the children to France, 280 to Switzerland, and 250 to England.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/annotation_set/223/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAs the Russian army drew near the extermination and slave labor camps in the East, the Germans marched the prisoners on foot out of the camps to the West, usually back into Germany where they were often abandoned in camps such as Bergen-Belsen and Buchenwald.  These marches could last for weeks, without food or water, during which time many of the prisoners died and were left along the side of the road.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/annotation_set/223/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBucharest is the capital of Romania and is the largest city. In 1940, 95,072 Jews lived in Bucharest. This number increased to at least 102,000 by 1941 due to the influx of refugees into Bucharest from other parts of Romania. In a pogrom carried out in Bucharest in October 1941, 120 Jews were killed. Antisemitic legislation downgraded the identity of Jewish citizens to second-rate status, they lost their rights to education and health care, their property was confiscated, and they were forced to perform humiliating hard labor. In September 1942, approximately 1,000 Jews were deported to Transnistria.  Despite this harsh treatment, many Jews in Bucharest survived the Holocaust, and after World War II ended, a great influx of Jewish refugees arrived in the city from concentration camps, and from other areas in Romania.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/annotation_set/223/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS) was founded in 1881.  Its original purpose was the help the constant flow of Jewish immigrants from Russian in relocating.  During and after World War II, they had offices throughout Europe, South and Central America and the Far East.  They worked to get Jews out of Europe and to any country that would have them by providing tickets and information about visas.  After World War II, they assisted 167,000 Jews to leave DP camps and emigrate elsewhere. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/annotation_set/223/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Iron Curtain was the division established between Western and Eastern Europe in the time of the USSR's expansion post-WW2. It blocked Eastern Europeans' access to West and highly restricted Western Europeans' access to the East. It was solidified by the constrtction of the Berlin Wall in 1961 in Berlin, Germany.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/annotation_set/223/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBudapest is the capital of Hungary.  On the eve of war the Jewish population was about 200,000.  Hungary’s antisemitic laws, modeled after Germany’s Nuremberg Laws, hit the Jewish community hard.  In 1940 Jews were sent to forced labor. The Hungarians never established a formal ghetto but did force the Jews to live together in communal houses.  The Germans invaded Hungary on March 19, 1944 and immediately began deporting Jews.  They started with Jews in communities outside of Budapest and in Transylvania and territories taken from Romania.  When those towns were ‘Judenrein’ (German: Jew free) the Germans turned to their final task: emptying Budapest of its Jews. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRaoul Wallenberg, a Swedish diplomat, worked in Budapest trying to save Jews from being deported by placing them under the protection of the Swedish government.  In June 1944, 17,500 Hungarian Jews were sent to Auschwitz-birkenau and another 25,000 were deported in the first week of July 1944.  On July 7, 1944 Horthy, the puppet leader of Hungary, called off the deportations.  In January and February 1945 the Russians liberated the city.  There were about 70,000 Jews still in the ghetto, another 25,000 under Swedish diplomatic protection and another 25,000 who had successfully hidden themselves.  Nearly 400,000 Hungarian Jews were deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau in total.  The transports started on May 2, 1944 and ended in the second week of July 1944.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/annotation_set/223/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA kibbutz [Hebrew: ‘gathering’ or ‘clustering’] is a collective community in Israel traditionally based on agriculture. They began as utopian communities that combined socialism and Zionism.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn a kibbutz, children typically were housed away from their parents, in a separate building, with one or more caregivers, while their parents slept collectively in another building.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/annotation_set/223/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWhat is today known as the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The country was split about 30 years prior.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/annotation_set/223/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYeshiva (Hebrew for “sitting”) is a Jewish educational institution for religious instruction that is equivalent to high school. It also refers to a Talmudic college for unmarried male students from their teenage years to their early twenties.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/annotation_set/223/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarvard is the United States' oldest higher education institution as it was founded in 1636.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/annotation_set/223/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Solomon Schonfeld was a hero of the Holocaust, managing to save thousands of Jewish lives. He organized various rescue missions throughout the Holocaust, securing papers and transports for Jewish people in danger of extermination on mainland Europe.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/annotation_set/223/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYeshiva University was founded in 1886 in New York City, New York. It is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States the combines Jewish scholarship with studies in the liberal arts, sciences, medicine, law, buisness, social work, Jewish studies, education, and psychology.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/annotation_set/223/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA public university that is part of the City University of New York system. It houses several schools, including a buisness and arts school. It was named for Bernard Baruch, a famous financier and statesman.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/annotation_set/223/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNew York University was founded in 1831 and is today a private university in New York City with satellite campuses in Dubai and Shanghai.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/annotation_set/223/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe systematic, government-sponsored attempt by the Germans to annihilate the Jews of Europe between 1939 and 1945, which resulted in the deaths of nearly 6,000,000 Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/annotation_set/223/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA New York based newspaper founded in 1851, the New York Times is an internationally recognized and award wining newspaper. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=4830.0,4860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/annotation_set/223/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta [MJCCA] is a nationwide recognized Jewish center that offers camps, kindergarten classes, cultural events, and other such community programs in Atlanta. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/annotation_set/223/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorgetown University is an academic and research institution in Washington D.C. It was founded in 1789 and is the nation's oldest Catholic and Jesuit university.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/annotation_set/223/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA law firm in Atlanta that was established in 1975.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/annotation_set/223/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEstablished as an alternative club for the Standard Club, it was started in 1913 by Russian Jews. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=5190.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/annotation_set/223/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eClosed today, Fan and Bill's was an upscale restaurant in Atlanta. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=5250.0,5280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/annotation_set/223/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the Written Torah and the Oral Law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays and more.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=5310.0,5340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/annotation_set/223/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBeth Jacob is an Orthodox synagogue on LaVista Road in Atlanta founded in 1942 by former members of Ahavath Achim who were looking for a more Orthodox congregation. Beth Jacob is now Atlanta’s largest Orthodox congregation. The congregation first met in a rented grocery store on Parkway Drive. It moved to a permanent location on Boulevard when it purchased and renovated a two-story apartment building. In 1956, it converted the Tabernacle Baptist Church on Boulevard to a synagogue. It built its current synagogue building on a five-acre lot on LaVista Road in 1961. Rabbi Joseph Safra was the congregation’s first permanent rabbi in 1951, followed by Rabbi Emanuel Feldman from 1952 to 1991. Rabbi Ilan Feldman has been the congregation’s rabbi since his father Emanuel’s retirement in 1991.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088#t=5340.0,5370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29406/file/97088/annotation_set/223/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eReform Judaism, sometimes also called Liberal Judaism, is a division within Judaism especially in North America and Western Europe. Historically it began in the nineteenth century. 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