{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/wh2d796q4b/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Landau, Edmund"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2011-03-08 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Landau, Edmund III (Interviewee)","Berman, Sandra (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["The William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eEdmund Landau, III, was interviewed by Sandra Berman on March 8, 2011, in Albany, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eEdmund A. Landau, III, was born in Albany, Georgia, in 1949, to Edmund Landau, II, and Mary Frances Guice Landau. His father’s family arrived to the United States from Bavaria in 1846 through Savannah, Georgia. Edmund Landau, III was an only child. He attended public school in Albany. He attended the University of Georgia for his undergraduate and law degree. He returned to Albany to practice insurance defense law with his father and his partner. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eThe Landau family belonged to Temple B’nai Israel, a Reform synagogue in Albany established in 1876. The family observed all holidays. Edmund Landau, Sr., born in Ontario, Canada, was the congregation’s rabbi in 1898, where he remained until his death in 1945. His family was originally from East Prussia. Edmund Landau, III, has lived in Albany his entire life.  \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eEdmund Landau, III, talks about his family history in Albany, Georgia. He tells of his grandfather, Edmund Landau, Sr., arriving to Albany in 1898 to be the congregation’s rabbi after attending seminary at Hebrew Union College in Cincinnati, Ohio. He reflects on growing up in a multi-generational household and remembers prayers over blessing of candles every Friday night. He reflects that they observed all holidays. He talks about taking off from school for holidays and recalls it was never a problem. He talks about his mother being Protestant and that she attended temple every Friday night. Landau discusses the high rate of intermarriage in Albany. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eLandau talks about his decision to return to Albany to practice insurance defense law with his father after attending the University of Georgia. He describes the Jewish community in Albany existing not as a separate element in society but mainstream and identifiably Jewish. He remembers that most businesses in Albany were members of the congregation. He discusses how Albany has changed, becoming more blue-collar. He remembers the Albany Movement vividly when he was in junior high school. He talks about the relationship between the Jewish community and the African-American community.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eLandau reflects on the decline of the Jewish community, losing members to larger cities. He tells several humorous anecdotes of people and events within the Jewish community in Albany. He tells how he had considered leaving Albany for opportunities elsewhere but reflects that it would be very difficult to leave after several generations.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/29057"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Grass, Jacob (personal name)","Weintraub, Frances Stern (personal name)","Breitenbach, Jacob Julius (personal name)","Blackschleger, Rabbi Eugene (personal name)","Freedman, Rabbi Joseph (personal name)","Palnick, Rabbi Zeke Elijah (personal name)","Hebrew Union College (corporate name)","Congregation B'Nai Israel (corporate name)","University of Georgia (corporate name)","Bainbridge, Georgia (geographic term)","Kasha, Hungary (geographic term)","Bavaria (geographic term)","Confederate veterans (topical term)","War of the States (topical term)","Albany Movement (topical term)","Civil Rights (topical term)","Jewish Foods (topical term)","Jewish Mayor (topical term)","Passover Seder (topical term)","Interfaith marriage (topical term)","Arranged marriage (topical term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eEdmund Landau, III, was interviewed by Sandra Berman on March 8, 2011, in Albany, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEdmund A. Landau, III, was born in Albany, Georgia, in 1949, to Edmund Landau, II, and Mary Frances Guice Landau. His father\u0026rsquo;s family arrived to the United States from Bavaria in 1846 through Savannah, Georgia. Edmund Landau, III was an only child. He attended public school in Albany. He attended the University of Georgia for his undergraduate and law degree. He returned to Albany to practice insurance defense law with his father and his partner.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eThe Landau family belonged to Temple B\u0026rsquo;nai Israel, a Reform synagogue in Albany established in 1876. The family observed all holidays. Edmund Landau, Sr., born in Ontario, Canada, was the congregation\u0026rsquo;s rabbi in 1898, where he remained until his death in 1945. His family was originally from East Prussia. Edmund Landau, III, has lived in Albany his entire life. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEdmund Landau, III, talks about his family history in Albany, Georgia. He tells of his grandfather, Edmund Landau, Sr., arriving to Albany in 1898 to be the congregation\u0026rsquo;s rabbi after attending seminary at Hebrew Union College in Cincinnati, Ohio. He reflects on growing up in a multi-generational household and remembers prayers over blessing of candles every Friday night. He reflects that they observed all holidays. He talks about taking off from school for holidays and recalls it was never a problem. He talks about his mother being Protestant and that she attended temple every Friday night. Landau discusses the high rate of intermarriage in Albany.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eLandau talks about his decision to return to Albany to practice insurance defense law with his father after attending the University of Georgia. He describes the Jewish community in Albany existing not as a separate element in society but mainstream and identifiably Jewish. He remembers that most businesses in Albany were members of the congregation. He discusses how Albany has changed, becoming more blue-collar. He remembers the Albany Movement vividly when he was in junior high school. He talks about the relationship between the Jewish community and the African-American community.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eLandau reflects on the decline of the Jewish community, losing members to larger cities. He tells several humorous anecdotes of people and events within the Jewish community in Albany. He tells how he had considered leaving Albany for opportunities elsewhere but reflects that it would be very difficult to leave after several generations.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/175/241/small/Landau_Ed.m4v_1677356989.jpg?1677356990","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Landau_Ed.m4v"]},"duration":4549.879,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/175/241/small/Landau_Ed.m4v_1677356989.jpg?1677356990","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/175/241/original/Landau_Ed.m4v?1677356977","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":4549.879,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Landau, Edmund [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":" \n\nBERMAN: Today is March 8, 2011. I am with Edmund, Ed for short, Landau, III, who\nhas agreed to participate in the Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Project\nof the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum. My name is Sandy Berman. I very\nmuch appreciate you participating today.\n\nLANDAU: Thank you.\n\nBERMAN: I'd like to begin by having you tell me a little bit about your own\npersonal background. When you were born, how long you've been living in Albany,\nyour parent's names, grandparent's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"names, so on.\n\nLANDAU: I was born August 15, 1949, here in Albany in the local municipal\nhospital. My father's family on his mother's side has lived here since 1846. My\nmother's family was from a place called Pine Level in Alabama, which is on the\nhighway between Montgomery and Troy. They had a big farming interest out there.\nLater moved into ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Montgomery. My parents were married December 29, 1946 by . . .\nmy mother [Mary Frances Guice Landau] was a Protestant. They got married in her\nhome by a rabbi, Rabbi Eugene Blackschleger, who was in Montgomery for many\nyears. My father's family came here in 1846, they were from Bavaria. His\noriginal ancestor's name was Jacob Grass. He was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"harness maker. Came in\nthrough Savannah. I'm sure they had signs up there saying, \"We need this and the\nharness maker.\" They said, \"Albany.\" I'm sure somebody told him, \"Albany is\nabout 200 west and a little bit south.\" Jacob Grass' daughter, Molly, married a\nyoung merchant named Louie Geiger. G-E-I-G-E-R. The Geiger family came ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over\nright after the War Between the States. They were from Kasha, Hungary, which is\nthe part of Hungary that backs up into Austria. It was basically the German\nspeaking portion of Hungary because Geiger, outside of Schmidt and Shultz, is\nabout as common as you get in a German proper name. My father [Edmund Landau,\nII] was born, January 15, 1915. My uncle, whose name was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Louie, was born a\ncouple of years before. We lived in a house on Oglethorpe Avenue here in Albany,\nwhich was built in the mid to late 1850s. That house stood until 1971. I was\nfifth generation to live there. To do a little bit local background, Louie\nGeiger and his cousin Sam Reich, spelled the same ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"way that Reich that was\nSecretary of the Treasury under [President William Jefferson] Clinton, except\nthe \"C\" is pronounced soft. They had a store called Reich \u0026 Geiger.\n\nBERMAN: What kind of store was it?\n\nLANDAU: Dry goods, general merchandise. Louie Geiger had a daughter, had four\nchildren. One of his daughters was my grandmother Rose Heller Geiger. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She\nmarried Dr. Edmund A. Landau, Sr., who came here as the rabbi in 1898. Some\npeople think he was the first rabbi. He wasn't. There were about half a dozen\nbefore him. He was the first one to have a lengthy tenure. He remained here\nuntil 1945 when he died, which is four years before I was born. He was rabbi\nhere for 47 years. My father and I were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lawyers. My uncle and my cousin were\ndentists, so we had no imagination whatsoever. I was named for my father. Bill\nwas named for his daddy. We've lived here continuously for that time. Albany's\ncongregation is based on three families that moved here in the winter of 1845,\nsix of whom I am linearly connected with one and collaterally with another. The\nearliest man was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Marx Smith, who I'm sure was Marx Schmidt. All three of these\nfamilies came from Bavaria. His ancestor, or his descendant, I'm sure you've met\nis Frances Weintraub.\n\nBERMAN: Right.\n\nLANDAU: Frances Sterne Weintraub. The other two, my original man was Jacob Grass\nand he had a cousin named Jacob [Julius] Breitenbach. Those were the first three families.\n\nBERMAN: Did any of them ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"participate in the Civil War or the War Between the States?\n\nLANDAU: They were a little old. However, of the original 50 families that\nstarted the congregation, about 20 were Confederate veterans. They were a little\nbit past the age. Since Albany was not in the path of the actual combat, you\ndidn't really have the situation where everybody that can shoulder a rifle goes\ninto the army but about 20 of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"original 50. The congregation [B'Nai Israel]\nwas chartered in 1876, so when we had the bi-centennial, we had our centennial.\nWe've had a lot of rabbis in recent years.\n\nBERMAN: Let's go back a little bit to your grandparents first.\n\nLANDAU: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: Do you have any idea how they met?\n\nLANDAU: I certainly do. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She was in his first confirmation class.\n\nBERMAN: Ah-huh!\n\nLANDAU: I hate to put it this way, they were basically, I think, an arranged\nmarriage. So many marriages in smaller areas were arranged. The problem was, my\ngrandmother was entirely too young. She was, at the time, studying to be a\nconcert pianist. She went, among other places, to Gaucher College. She was sort\nof assigned to marry the rabbi. He was single. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was nobody else available.\nBut she had to wait until another eight or ten years before it really would have\nbeen suitable. They married. Had the two sons. When he came here, he came right\nout of seminary. He was born in Hamilton, Ontario and raised in Bay City, Michigan.\n\nBERMAN: Where did he go to seminary?\n\nLANDAU: Hebrew Union College in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cincinnati [Ohio].\n\nBERMAN: What drew him to Albany? Was there just a pulpit that was available?\n\nLANDAU: I guess so. I've sometimes thought that the people at the Union probably\ntold him, \"Here is a congregation in a town about the same size as the one\nyou're from. Here is a place you'll fit in fine.\" You know, a medium sized town.\nBay City, in case you don't know, is up near ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Saginaw. The Bay is Saginaw Bay [Michigan].\n\nBERMAN: I know you were born several years after he passed away,\n\nLANDAU: Four years.\n\nBERMAN: Did your father speak about him very much? Do you have an idea of what\nkind of man . . . ?\n\nLANDAU: My father spoke about him, and more people . . . Quite frankly, I say\nthis hopefully without self-aggrandizement. He was basically regarded as one of\nthe most esteemed people who ever lived here. I always had people telling me \"I\nremember your grandfather. He ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was such a wonderful man.\" I always have to\nrespond, \"I appreciate it, but you know he died four years before I was born. I\nreally can't say anything intelligent about him.\" But he was a very, very\nesteemed person. He was a great diplomat apparently. He was the only rabbi for\nanother 90 miles or so in any direction. In fact, he was a circuit-riding\npreacher. Besides the temple in Albany, there were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"congregations in Bainbridge\nand in Thomasville that he also served on Sundays. They had a call here. They\nwould drive him to Bainbridge and then drive him to Thomasville or maybe the\nother way around. He would do one service in the morning and one in the evening.\nBainbridge still has a service on Sunday evening. Thomasville no longer has a congregation.\n\nBERMAN: Right.\n\nLANDAU: Although they have a surprising number of Jewish people there, the\ncongregation just didn't last.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How many families are here today in Albany, Jewish families? Do you know?\n\nLANDAU: Within the congregation, it's down to about 75. Ordinarily, we assumed .\n. . when I was growing up, it was assumed that about 20 percent of people did\nnot affiliate. Just like the national trend. This is more. Now I'd say probably\nabout one third who don't affiliate. Of course, this is hard to tell because if\nyou don't know who they are, it's very difficult to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tell. I would guess that\nprobably if you took the 75, you could probably add another 25 or 30. There are\na few in some of the small towns around here, especially since Lee County has\nnow become basically suburban to Albany.\n\nBERMAN: Growing up, was the synagogue a big part of your life?\n\nLANDAU: I lived about a block and a half from it, so yes. My ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"parents were\nregular temple goers. The temple was the place where people met. I can't say\nthat I went every Friday night as a kid, but I certainly went a representative\namount. Some of the old families there lived in that general neighborhood. It\nwas not a Jewish neighborhood, per se. It's just that many of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the families owned\nbusinesses and professional offices close to downtown, and it was just more\nconvenient to live there. Across the street from us, for example, there was the\nFerris family, who were Lebanese Catholics. I went and graduated from the\nreligious school program. Confirmed in 1964. At that time, we averaged about ten\nkids per confirmation ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"class.\n\nBERMAN: Who was the rabbi then?\n\nLANDAU: Rabbi then was Rabbi Joseph Freedman. Born in . . . brought up basically\nin Waterbury, Connecticut, although his widowed mother remarried and moved to\nSan Francisco. When he retired from the rabbinate, he was out in San Francisco,\nwhere he told me once, there were 1,012 A-rated restaurants in San Francisco,\nand he planned to eat in every one of them.\n\nBERMAN: What can you remember about him?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LANDAU: Rabbi Freedman was a very esteemed man. He had an explosive temper. He\ndidn't suffer fools lightly. He didn't mind telling you what he had in mind.\nFortunately, he married a wealthy woman. Leona's family the name was Crankson\n[sp]. They had the big department store in Bradford, Pennsylvania. He could\nalways tell them, \"If you didn't like how I did things, you know, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't have\nto do this.\" Excuse me Igor.\" This is my, this is my great-grandson Igor.\n\u003cLandau's dog\u003e Rabbi Freedman was very well thought of in town. He's president\nof a civic club. President of the Community Concert Association. He was, quite\nfrankly, typical of some of the rabbis that we had. The rabbis here, starting\nwith my grandfather, were all people who were prominent in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"civic and cultural affairs.\n\nBERMAN: I guess that leads me to my next question. How was it for a Jewish\nperson, family growing up here in Albany? How was your relationship with your\nneighbors? Who were you friends with?\n\nLANDAU: We were about as much a part of the mainstream as anybody in town. A\nnumber of the oldest families in town were in fact Jewish. We were as much a\npart of the local establishment as anybody. Of course, obviously ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you've got some\nbottom of the barrel types who would have problems, but since they were people\nof no influence whatsoever, who cares? But by and large, we were, as I say,\ncompletely mainstream by the time anybody like myself came along. The problem\nis, and has been, that people think there are many more Jewish people in Albany\nand this area than there actually are ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because so many were prominent citizens.\nWe had a Jewish mayor in 1901.\n\nBERMAN: What was his name?\n\nLANDAU: Sam Brown. We had another in 1926.\n\nBERMAN: His name?\n\nLANDAU: Edmond Kalmon. K-A-L-M-O-N. You'll notice that most of the names I'm\ngoing to give you are German and Hungarian. That's what most of the early\nsettlers here were from German or Austria-Hungary. There were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no problems along\nthat line. Simply in a town such as Albany and many others, many of your\nconnections are made at church. Quite frankly, you don't have that many\nconnections here.\n\nBERMAN: Were you friendly with . . . growing up going to school mainly the other\nchildren you met at synagogue or with your school or school?\n\nLANDAU: I was familiar with the 99 ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"percent of people I knew who weren't Jewish.\nThat's all it amounts to. Of course, we had friends who were Jewish, but when\nyou live in a place that is overwhelmingly not Jewish, those are the people you\nmeet. We didn't exist as a separate group. We all knew each other. Families knew\neach other. We went to the same schools, played on the same teams. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Folks knew\neach other. As I once said, when I went to Albany High, the star athlete, the\npopular cheer leader, the class favorite, they were just as likely to be members\nof the congregation as anybody else in town.\n\nBERMAN: What about within your own home? Was Judaism an important part? Did you\ncelebrate the holidays?\n\nLANDAU: Oh yes. Oh Yes. I might add, my mother, who was a Baptist, went to\ntemple every Friday night for nearly 45 years. Most of the interfaith ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"marriages\nhere were like that. The spouse, usually the wife, did not formally convert.\nThey just simply were part of the congregation. I grew up in a\nmulti-generational household. We said the prayer on Friday night over the\nblessing of the candles every Friday night. We observed all the holidays. We\nlived about a block and a half from the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"temple, so we could walk very easily. By\nnot existing as a separate element of society, we were identifiably Jewish.\n\nBERMAN: Can you describe what a Passover seder in your home was like?\n\nLANDAU: Quite frankly, we were served by our long-time cook, Carrie King. I\nleave it to you to figure out who Carrie King was. Whatever she wanted to feed .\n. . Miss ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rose, my grandmother, would sort of oversee everything, but we had the\nbasic dishes there. We had dishes of middle-European type rather than eastern\nEuropean. For example, I can never remember gefilte fish being served, but we\nhad the matzo balls. Most of the best matzo ball soup in town was made by the\nblack cooks who worked for local families. They took great pride that they could\ndo that sort ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of thing. We had seder. I lived in, I would say, a\nmulti-generational house. There would be about ten of us at the seder. My\nparents and I, Miss Rose, her Uncle Victor, an old bachelor who was a desk clerk\nat the New Albany Hotel, also was a graduate of the University of Virginia.\nMaybe the most overqualified hotel clerk I ever heard of. My Uncle Sidney and\nhis wife, my Aunt Lillian. They lived in a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"garage apartment in the back of our\nlot. We lived on an older lot that my family and the Rice family had bought very\nearly. It was one acre. My folk's house was spread widthwise, and the Rice\nfamily's was lengthwise. We occasionally you'd have a guest invited, but by and\nlarge, that was our seder. We ate whatever everybody else ate.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was wondering if there was a little Southern twist to your seder.\n\nLANDAU: Oh yes, of course there was. All the vegetables. We ate the same\nvegetables anybody else did. Some of the traditional dishes. The temple used to\norder Passover material from Manischewitz and Goodman's and places like that. I\nremember I used to help out. We would deliver it to the various ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"families, and\nall the families would say what they wanted. One family might . . . of course\nsome families came from entirely different backgrounds than did others.\n\nBERMAN: Right.\n\nLANDAU: Some of them would have an entirely different set of items they wanted.\nThe Passover seders were very enjoyable. Occasionally, you'd invite some\nnon-Jewish friends. All the churches in town have their mock seders. You know\nthat, I'm ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sure. Especially in Easter season, they want to do that. You would\nhave occasionally somebody who want to see what it's like. \"Come on and sit\ndown.\" I always tell people, \"If you got to be introduced to a Jewish holiday,\nPassover is the one to be introduced to.\" I don't recommend Yom Kippur.\n\nBERMAN: I wanted to talk to you a little bit about the relationship between the\nJewish community and the African-American community.\n\nLANDAU: There was none. I don't mean ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that.\n\nBERMAN: Can you elaborate?\n\nLANDAU: I'll put it to you this way. When I say it really wasn't a separate\ncommunity, per se. There were Jewish people, but they didn't live together or\nwork together. Many families employed black people as domestic servants or as\nemployees in their business. But, basically, we had about the same situation as\nall other white people. We treated our black ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"friends and associates well. We\ndidn't take advantage of them. Basically, they lived in a section. They lived in\nthe Harlem section, and we lived north of there.\n\nBERMAN: Do you remember because you were in that age, I think in high school,\nthe Albany Movement?\n\nLANDAU: Oh yes.\n\nBERMAN: Can you talk a little bit about that era, that time period?\n\nLANDAU: The era was unpleasant. The congregation did not participate in the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"demonstrations or anything like that. As far as most people in the congregation\nwere concerned, we haven't done anything to anybody here. Most, as I say, a\ngreat many had black employees and had black domestic servants. There really\nwasn't any violence here. The demonstrators did their ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"demonstrations. They got\narrested for parading without a permit. They were taken to jail. They were\nbailed out the next morning. They went back and started the same thing over and\nover again. But we were not involved in any of that activity.\n\nBERMAN: Do you remember the demonstrations?\n\nLANDAU: Very well. I was in junior high school.\n\nBERMAN: Can you describe what it was like?\n\nLANDAU: They just would get a bunch of black people. They would meet at one of\nthe churches. Mount Zion was a big ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one, as I recall. They would march downtown.\nThey would march up and down. Some of them would sit down on a thing. They would\npick them up. Nobody got hurt. Eventually, the thing just sort of petered out.\n\nBERMAN: Was there any sympathy for them from the rabbi of the congregation or\nfrom some of the congregants?\n\nLANDAU: Almost none from the congregants. Rabbi Freedman, I think, had some\nsympathy for them.\n\nBERMAN: Did he ever sermonize about it?\n\nLANDAU: Nope. I never heard him really sermonize about it. As I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"say, it really\nwasn't a matter of anybody getting into any particular direct conflict or\nanything. We were part of the white establishment, so I guess we were being\ndemonstrated against. None of us did anything. None of us had ever been involved\nin any activity that would have hurt anybody. But it was the same situation as\nit was most places.\n\nBERMAN: Years later, have you reflected at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all about what it was like here back\nin the Fifties and Sixties with separate drinking fountains, separate . . . ?\n\nLANDAU: It was just the standard thing. It was what you knew. That was all there\nwas about it. Nobody thought anybody was trying to be malevolent or anything.\nThat was just what you knew. I don't know if you remember the terms. You had de\nfacto segregation, and you had de jure segregation. As far as we were concerned,\nall it was here was just put into codification. What was in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"point of fact the\nsituation in most places. But no, people got along civilly and cordially. It\nwasn't like the movies where there's an electric air on the street and\neverything. People got along. As I said, there was no violence here during the\ndemonstrations. Nope. After a while, they just sort of petered out because\nnobody was . . . there were no photo ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"opportunities.\n\nBERMAN: What about when the schools changed? What was happening? How was that\naccepted here in Albany?\n\nLANDAU: About like most of the other places, there was no violence or anything.\nGradually the schools began to be integrated. By the time I was a senior at\nAlbany High. Out of the 1,800 students, there were about 200 blacks. I think one\nlittle scuffle took place, but there wasn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anything noticeable there.\n\nBERMAN: When the schools began to be integrated, was there a movement here at\nall for private schools to be founded?\n\nLANDAU: A private school was founded, Deerfield-Windsor [School]. It originally\nwas Deerfield. Had Windsor Academy, and those two combined. You had\nDeerfield-Windsor. They were the private school. They still are basically the\nschool of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"choice for the college bound. There are a few black students there,\nsome on scholarship. We didn't . . . I went to public school. The only people I\nknew, basically, who went to private school were people who had, to be perfectly\nhonest, people who had gotten into some trouble at one time or another, and\ntheir parents sent them off to Baylor [School], McCaullie School, Westminster\n[School], Bolles [School] - either people who had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trouble academically or people\nwho had gotten into a little trouble at military, at school. That sort of thing.\nBut we all went to public school. When they were integrated, nobody, as I said,\nthere were no knock down drag out fights. There were no slurs or epithets being\ncast around. \"Here they are. You might as well make the best of things.\" No\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"point in giving anybody any fodder for anything else.\n\nBERMAN: What about within your own home? Was the situation discussed much?\n\nLANDAU: No, not particularly. The family, nobody participated in anything like\nthat. We did hear things through from blacks that we knew, a thing like ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that. As\nyou may know, this was Martin Luther King, Jr.'s big failure. I think the reason\nwhy this happened was, we would hear things to the effect of, basically, it was\nfelt that most of this activity was meant to benefit the comparatively affluent\nand educated blacks who felt socially discriminated against. But the rank and\nfile, it really didn't have much effect on them.\n\nBERMAN: You had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a close relationship with the people who worked in your home?\n\nLANDAU: We had a cook.\n\nBERMAN: Did you ever discuss anything with her?\n\nLANDAU: Not really. She was a nice old sort. She cooked for us for many years.\nShe finally got to where she just couldn't get around the house or anything, and\nwe didn't keep her permanently. However, later on, when we were having a dinner\nparty or something, we'd ask her to come out and do some ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"work. I went to her\nfuneral. Went to her husband's funeral. She still got an adoptive son that hits\nme up for money every once in a while, but I'm not going to make any to-do about\nit. He calls me up and tells me he needs a few bucks. I think anybody who has\nlived for any amount of time knows you're going to have people like that. To be\nperfectly ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"honest, it's a lot less trouble to slip somebody a $20 or something\nlike that than it is to make a big deal about it.\n\nBERMAN: Have you ever thought about living anywhere else?\n\nLANDAU: Yes, I did, and I have. After both of my parents died, I felt that I\nneeded to . . . not needed to, but I should consider. I was then still\npracticing law actively. I needed to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because there was nothing left here much\nfor me. I was practically out of family and everything. I might relocate in a\nplace that . . . I was an insurance defense lawyer. I was thinking of calling up\nsome of my friends in some of the firms in Macon, Columbus, some Thomasville.\nSome place like that. Do you need a veteran defense lawyer? But to be perfectly\nhonest, both of my parents died nine and a half months apart. It was, I'm an\nonly ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"child who never married, and I just could not tear myself away.\nPsychologically, it was . . . \u003cdog barking in background\u003e That was, my\ngranddaughter. I often thought that I probably would have extended my career a\nfew years had I gone to one of these places, but I decided I would stay here.\nIt's very difficult after now, several generations, to tear yourself away ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from someplace.\n\nBERMAN: Can you describe some of your fondest moments of growing up here? What\nwas it like as a boy, growing up here?\n\nLANDAU: I'll tell you something that would probably surprise you. By the time I\ngrew up, the neighborhood I lived in had become a very tough neck of the woods.\nA lot of the kids that I grew up with, ended up with checkered ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"backgrounds. Most\nof the rest of us go, \"God almighty, how did we ever avoid all of us being\ntossed in jail?\" But it was an advantage to me to some degree because when I\nstarted trying cases, those people ended up on juries. I had some insight as to\nwhat people like that, what you might call hard scrabble, what they thought.\nGrowing up in Albany was like, I guess, growing up in a lot of places. It was a\nDeep South ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"town, mostly an industrial place and a distributing point for\nagricultural products. I went to a high school of about 1,800 people. Currently\nthere are . . . there were then three high schools, Albany, Dougherty which\nserved east of the river, and Monroe which served all black. Now there are four\npublic and two ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"private high schools. One of the private is a church-related\nschool. It was probably not any different than growing up in similarly sized\ntowns. In 1960, the town had 55,000 people. In 2010, it's got about 80,000\npeople. Not that the area didn't grow, but much of it went into suburban areas\noutside the area, such as ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lee County.\n\nBERMAN: Speaking about changes, how has the community changed since you were a boy?\n\nLANDAU: A great deal. It is, I'd say a bit more down scaled then than it is now.\nAlbany also became much more blue collar. Starting in about 1970, we had a large\ninflux of smoke stack industry clients. Some of these have worked ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out and some\ndidn't. We had a Firestone plant. Did tires. They left. It was succeeded by a\nCooper Tire plant. They left. Proctor and Gamble has thrived here. We had a\nMerck plant here. They left. Of course, we had some local industry. The\nMcCormick family, who basically ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ran the Catholic Church here for many years, had\nthe world's largest peppermint candy company, Bobs Candies. It has become much\nmore blue collar. It has become blacker. It is not as friendly a place for the\ncollege educated people to live as it once was. For example, my grandfather was\nfirst president of the Community Concert Association here. When I was in high\nschool here, we had like 1,400 ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"members of that organization, and a 1,200-seat\nauditorium. That organization has gone out of business, although we do have a\nsymphony orchestra which plays four or five concerts a year. People who enjoy\nupscale entertainment, upscale dining, things like that, this is not as pleasant\na place as it once was. I'm sure that most of the people you'll talk to will\ntell you that much.\n\nBERMAN: Do you venture out much?\n\nLANDAU: In what respect?\n\nBERMAN: To ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other communities to get that upscale dining and some of that culture?\n\nLANDAU: I go to Atlanta probably eight or ten weekends a year, which is not as\nmuch as many other people I know. One of the difficulties of keeping up high\nquality establishment is that so many people for their shopping and their\nentertainment just go to Atlanta. And it makes it more difficult. But it is not\nthe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"same place I grew up in. Unfortunately, very few people would tell you for\nthe better.\n\nBERMAN: Where did you go to college?\n\nLANDAU: I went to [University of] Georgia undergraduate and law school.\n\nBERMAN: Did you always know you wanted to be an attorney since your father?\n\nLANDAU: Not particularly. My father, contrary to what you might think, always\ndiscouraged me. \"Don't do this because I did it.\" I admired him greatly. I\nadmired the position he held. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"also kind of figured I had sort of a literary\nbent and had the gift of gab, so I went to law school. It was basically my best\nshot. I majored in history, which is the second most impractical major to have.\nPhilosophy is number one. I don't know what I would have done if I hadn't been a lawyer.\n\nBERMAN: Did you know you were going to come back and practice law here?\n\nLANDAU: Yes, I knew. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The firm my father was in, his senior partner was Leonard\nFarkas, Sr., who was not only an extremely prominent lawyer, but from one of the\nwealthiest families in town, as I'm sure you know. His partner, was mayor of\nAlbany a couple of times. He still goes to an office five days a week at the age\nof 93. I knew I would be coming back here to practice with the firm. That was my\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"idea. We had a practice based largely on insurance defense. In other words, when\nyou get sued, I'm the man that defends you. Also, we represented . . . Jimmie\nwas the city attorney here. We mainly represented target defendants. That was\nthe best way I could put it. My father did some estate work also, but once I got\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dry behind the ears, they put me into court. I tried cases in all the counties\naround here. You get to know all . . . with Georgia having so many counties, you\nhave some adjacent counties very close to each other which are totally different\nplaces. I was planning on coming back here, yes.\n\nBERMAN: When did you retire?\n\nLANDAU: I've never really retired. It's just that some years back, I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just\ndecided, I didn't. Both of my parents had died within nine and a half months of\neach other. At that point, between what they had and what I had, I really didn't\nneed the money. The old firm had dissolved, so I practiced in another office for\nabout nine months. Frankly, I was a fifth wheel. I just decided I would put my\nheart attack back about ten years. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I am keeping my credentials. I'm still a\nmember of the bar. I still do a little legal work but nothing where time would\nbe of the essence. My former secretary is still available to do some typing for\nme. I serve as an arbitrator and a mediator occasionally. Sometimes I serve as a\nhearing officer for the school boards. It's eye opening. Wait until you go to a\nhearing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for some of the school boards in these little small counties around\nhere. You'll never cuss your local school system again. The best way I can put it.\n\nBERMAN: When you decided to practice law, did you always know you were going to\ngo to that aspect of it?\n\nLANDAU: That was the firm's practice. People once asked me ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"why we didn't do more\nplaintiff's work or why we didn't do more criminal work. It's because plaintiffs\nand people accused of crimes don't show up in our office. For the same reason we\ndidn't do tax work. I mean, you represent those who seek your services, and so\nthat was why. It would have been very nice to just take a nice, big contingent\nfee without having to do too much instead of billing people by the hour, but\nthat's what you do. When people go into firms, they usually ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do so with the idea\nof knowing what the firm's practice is. People who want to be tax lawyers, for\nexample, don't go into a practice where it's mostly criminal and domestic\nrelations. People who want to be litigators, do not go into tax practices.\n\nBERMAN: Did you have any political aspirations?\n\nLANDAU: None whatsoever, because I can't imagine who would have voted for me. My\nfather never had any political aspirations. He never had, but my father's\npartner Jimmie Davis, was mayor here for two terms, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he was long time city\nattorney. Jimmie used to refer to himself as an honorary Jew. My father and\nColonel Farkas were his partners, and his sister was married to a Jewish man\nfrom Nashville, so he said he was honorary. Jimmie was the politician. He served\na couple terms in the legislature, mayor, city attorney. He was about four and a\nhalf feet tall, which gave him sort of a . . . there was no way to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"attack him.\nWhat do you do? Everybody is Goliath.\n\nBERMAN: That's great.\n\n[Interview pauses, then resumes]\n\nBERMAN: I wanted to talk a little bit about social life here. First of all, is\nthere a country club in Albany?\n\nLANDAU: Yes, there are three country clubs in Albany. There used to be a fourth\none. My folks were members of. The first one here was Radium Springs Country\nClub, which was out near the Radium Springs Resort there. Then Doublegate\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Country Club opened up, and my folks were charter members there. I'm also a\nmember there. I keep it, again, to have access to a little more upscale dining\nand things like that than I get here. There is a Stonebridge Country Club, which\nopened up about 15 years ago. My folks and I were only members of one club at\nthe time. It was very hard ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to justify belonging to multiple country clubs.\n\nBERMAN: Any issues with being Jewish at the clubs?\n\nLANDAU: None whatsoever. My folks were charter members. No. All the clubs have\nJewish members. It wasn't an issue.\n\nBERMAN: What about dating? Did you date only Jewish girls or did . . . ?\n\nLANDAU: No, there weren't any Jewish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"girls to date.\n\nBERMAN: Well, you had ten people in your confirmation class.\n\nLANDAU: I had ten people in the class, but let's face it, some of us were seeing\nother people. Some of us weren't drawn to each other. It just isn't . . . all I\ncan think of . . . I know Atlanta has 120,000 Jewish people, and there's a 70\npercent interfaith marriage rate. Imagine what it was when you've got a few\nhundred people. It was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"never really a factor. The only thing that you will find\nis that because there are so many people, high type people are expected to make\ntheir contacts in church in a city such as Albany. Problem. We don't have\nanybody. It's very difficult to explain to people who say you think you're\navoiding people and you say you're not avoiding anybody, but my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gosh. Right now,\nfor example, we have two unmarried females between 30 and 70. What would you do?\nBoth of them, ironically, are the ex-wives of lawyers. In fact, and it isn't\nreally a factor, but if you were someone from a very traditional background who\nwould be looking to marry a Jewish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"person, and they say, \"Frankly, you'd be out\nof luck.\" For so many years, marriages were arranged between Jewish people. They\nwere always arranged that the girl came in from out of town. Always. I guess the\nreason why was I've always thought it was this way because if you've got two\npeople who've known each other all their lives and nobody has ever seen them\nhaving a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cup of coffee, and all of a sudden they are getting married. Something\nsmells here. The girl would come in from out of town. World War II put an end to that.\n\nBERMAN: Did your parents ever talk about going to any of the big social events\naround Georgia and Alabama like Ballyhoo or Falcons or Hollydays?\n\nLANDAU: No, not really. They didn't do that much traveling. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Also, my\ngrandmother, when I was a very young boy, my grandmother suffered a severe stroke.\n\nBERMAN: Which grandmother was this?\n\nLANDAU: My paternal grandmother. She suffered . . . she came down with, they\nthen would call arteriosclerosis. They didn't get out of pocket that much. My\nmother's mother lived in Montgomery, and we'd go over there to see her several\ntimes a year. My mother had a series of ear operations at Ochsner Medical Center\nin New Orleans, so we'd go ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there once or twice a year. But no, they didn't go to\nany of those. Quite frankly, we really weren't invited. They had plenty of\npeople there. We didn't have that much contact with people in the bigger cities.\nAlthough, because I didn't have any relatives there.\n\nBERMAN: What about summer camp? Did you ever go away to camp?\n\nLANDAU: No, I didn't do that. Religious or non-religious, no, not really.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What were your summers like here?\n\nLANDAU: We played ball.\n\nBERMAN: What did you do?\n\nLANDAU: We played ball. We had the normal summer type activities. We went\nswimming. Radium Springs, of course, you may or may not be familiar with it, but\nit was a resort type thing. People would go swimming out there. My father,\ngrowing up, played major college ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tennis. He played number two singles for\nGeorgia. A lot of his time was spent on the tennis court. That was his main\nthing. He continued to play up into his 30s. At that point, he had too much to\ndo practicing law. Most senior tennis players are people who aren't exactly\ndependent on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a present income.\n\nBERMAN: Getting back a little bit to that Civil Rights era. Were Citizen\nCouncils formed here? White Citizen Councils?\n\nLANDAU: No.\n\nBERMAN: Any [Ku Klux] Klan activities?\n\nLANDAU: No, not really. I mean, I'm sure there may. I'm sure there were some\npeople who might have done that sort of thing, but there were no Klan marches or\nanything like that. No, That was one thing about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it. People thought that\neverybody had gotten along very well over the years. Then this activity began. I\nremember very well when it started. At the bus station, a policeman was called\nbecause of a disturbance. A black man was making a disturbance in the back of a\nbus. The policeman came to get him off. The man pulled a gun and shot the\npoliceman at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"point blank range and then ran for it. Two officers followed him.\nPut several bullets in him as he was running away. In fact, I remember my great\nuncle told me, he said, \"One of the guys,\" he said, \"put five bullets in him.\"\nHe said, \"We never thought he'd done anything. He drove the paddy wagon, and we\nnever thought he did anything more dangerous than turn right on a red ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"light.\"\nBut that's what started it. Nobody thought there was anything. We had the\ncollege over there. There was contact on an academic level, but nobody really\nthought there was any particular reason to gripe other than . . . what went on\nhere was what went on just about every place else.\n\nBERMAN: Can you speak a little bit ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about some of the other families, Jewish\nfamilies, that lived here, that you grew up with, and some of the lines of work\nthey were in, and what they may have owned.\n\nLANDAU: Yes. They were in all the professions and in businesses. Quite frankly,\nmost of the business elite and professional elite were Jewish, dating from way\nback too. I will show you a lithograph, which you will probably find to be of\ngreat interest. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But my father and Leonard Farkas, Sr., were lawyers. We have now\nseveral other lawyers. We've had several doctors come in and out of here in the\nemploy of Phoebe Putney [Memorial] Hospital. Of course, we've had others from\nold families and some that have stayed here. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ironically, we've never had a\npsychiatrist. Currently, we have a dermatologist. We had a neurologist here for\na number of years.\n\nBERMAN: What about some of the businesses? What were they?\n\nLANDAU: Most of them, just to be honest about it. The leading department store.\nEvery good-sized town in the United States has a Jewish department store, a\ndepartment store owned and run by a local Jewish family. Here, it was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rosenberg [Brothers].\n\nBERMAN: What were their names, that owned the store?\n\nLANDAU: The Rosenberg family.\n\nBERMAN: Do you know the . . .?\n\nLANDAU: Yes. The last one that's been alive is Ralph Rosenberg, who is now\nretired. When I was coming up it, was Joe Rosenberg and his other brothers. They\nwere a family from Troy, Alabama, who had moved over here some years. A lot of\nthe stores . . . the leading sporting goods store was Owens [Sporting Goods and\nHardware]. Mrs. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Owens was Marjorie Bloch from Selma, Alabama. You probably know\nwho the Bloch family is. Her cousin was Joseph M. Bloch, the piano pedagogue at\n[The] Julliard [School]. Most of the women's stores were owned by members of the congregation.\n\nBERMAN: Can you name a few?\n\nLANDAU: Most of them were chains operated out of New York. The Prisant family\nowned the Style Shop, which was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"probably the leading local women's store. The\nPrisant family and the Goldsmith family were related. They wrapped around\nWashington and Broad Avenues. Walter Goldsmith had the preferred men's store for\nhigh school and college boy's age [Goldsmith's Men's and Boy's store]. I mean,\nwe couldn't buy a Hart Schaffner Marx suit, but Goldsmith's had that. His\nbrother, Dr. [Abe] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Goldsmith, was an OB/GYN. Then you had Myron Prisant had the\nStyle Shop. Oscar Prisant had Carolyn's Shoes. Bennie Prisant had Bennie's\nBootery, the children's shoe store. Lou Prisant had [Louis] Prisant Jewelers.\nI'm sure I've left out a few. They had Globe Department Store which, which the\nFeingold family had. You see, most people think there are many more Jewish\npeople ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Albany than there actually are.\n\nBERMAN: Are any of the businesses left?\n\nLANDAU: Nope. Mainly because as you probably noticed, that whole center block of\ndowntown has been gutted. Rosenberg's Department Store closed down a few years\nback. They went out to the mall. That was not a happy marriage out there. Most,\nno, very few of those businesses are still in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"existence.\n\nBERMAN: Is the city trying to revitalize that area?\n\nLANDAU: Trying to, with very little success. All the foot traffic has moved out\nto the mall areas and out toward that northwest side of town. The Downtown\nMerchants Association was basically, mostly Jewish families. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Most of them had\nbeen here for some time. Most of them were multi-generational businesses. You\nhad Aaron's Shoe Store down there. Aaron Kraselsky had that. You had Silver's\nDepartment store. You had all sorts of stores. Most of these people were very\nesteemed citizens.\n\nBERMAN: I remember when we were here eight years ago, you took ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"us on a tour of\nthe cemetery [Crown Hill Cemetery].\n\nLANDAU: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: Can you sort of talk a little bit about that cemetery for the purpose of\nthe tape and what happened during the flood because I remember you had some\ngreat stories.\n\nLANDAU: The flood occurred in 1994. The congregation has always had a\ncongregational cemetery. It was chartered, Therese Cohen and I are off a year on\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this, right around, just before or after the War Between the States. We've\nalways had that separate section. It is not a Jewish cemetery, per se. I've\nlearned that from my old friend, the late [E.J.] Buck Stern, whose family,\nKimbrell-Stern undertakers is the leading undertaking establishment. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He told me\nthat unless you have a separate entrance to that cemetery, it is not a Jewish\ncemetery per se. However, we have a Jewish section. Well, the flood just hit\nthat area, and a lot of coffins started popping up. They asked me, because of\nlongevity, I guess, if I could identify who some of these people were. It was\nmore than a little bit morbid. Fortunately, I think we've got ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everybody put back\nwhere they were supposed to be. It was a bizarre sort of situation. You know,\ncoffins popped, floating down the way.\n\nBERMAN: You said that some of them weren't buried as deep as others and that's\nwhy they popped?\n\nLANDAU: Yes. It's not a subject really that is very appetizing to think about,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but we had this old section there. None of my folks, fortunately, were\ndislodged. I don't know what I would have done, quite frankly. And there are\nseveral mausoleums down there.\n\nBERMAN: You have such a command of the early history of the Jews who were here.\n\nLANDAU: Not much really. Not much.\n\nBERMAN: Any descendants, you said 20 percent of the congregation were\nConfederate veterans?\n\nLANDAU: Yes, 20 of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"50 families. It was chartered in 1876. I guess you had to\nhave 50 families. But as I understand, 20 heads of households were Confederate veterans.\n\nBERMAN: Any of those families left here?\n\nLANDAU: Not really, not much. The families moved in and out. Most of our old\nfamilies are no longer ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here. The people you're going to be talking to today and\nother times, this is most of us. There were some notable names there. One of the\nfamilies there was an Ullman family. That was an the original 50. I found out\nabout this from my father. This Ullman family had a cousin named Julius who got\ninto show business. I think you've probably heard of him ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by his real, by his\nstage name, Douglas Fairbanks, Sr.\n\nBERMAN: Really!\n\nLANDAU: Oh yes. Robin Hood. [The Mark of] Zorro. Yes, they were Jewish. Douglas\nFairbanks, Sr., his name was Julius Ullman.\n\nBERMAN: What were you going to tell me about, you mentioned earlier about Gortatowsky.\n\nLANDAU: The Gortatowsky family lived ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"across the street and down the way from\nmine. Of course, Therese Cohen's mother was Sadie Gortatowsky. Was her maiden\nname. In fact, her husband, Therese's daddy, Edward Davis, Miss Sadie's husband,\ndied of a heart attack coming home from the city. It was from a city commission\nmeeting. He was on the city commission. I guess it was stressful even then. The\nGortatowsky . . . as a matter of fact, they had the only house in town with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a\nprivate home with an elevator in it. Therese's sister Marie [Davis], who I don't\nknow if you've ever met, was severely crippled and tongue tied. She could not\nget up and down stairs. The Gortatowsky's, fortunately, were an affluent family.\nThey had an elevator put in that house, so Marie could get up and down the\nstairs. Fortunately, because most people in that situation, that's not part of\nthe case. The Gortatowskys owned the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"theaters here in Albany. They also owned an\ninsurance agency and an outdoor advertising firm. Matter of fact, my friend,\nGarrett Fleming, from one of the oldest Catholic families in town, bought the\nGortatowsky Insurance Agency, and he's my agent. Matter of fact, that kid\nGarrett, he represents about 90 percent of the congregation because having\npurchased the Gortatowsky Insurance Agency.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One relative went out to work for William Randolph Hearst, you mentioned?\n\nLANDAU: Jake Gortatowsky went to work for William Randolph Hearst. He was\nWilliam Randolph Sr.'s right-hand man. He succeeded him as chairman of the board\nof Hearst Publishing. Of course, in one of the two or three most famous movies\never made, Citizen Kane, he is depicted in that, but he's called Mr. Bernstein.\nHe was played by Everett ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sloan. Mr. Bernstein is a man that's always sort of\nnext to Hearst doing Orson Wells. A matter of fact, the Gortatowskys, Therese\nhas told me this, they aren't crazy about Orson Wells. Apparently, they didn't\nlike the way Uncle Jake was portrayed in this movie. Yes, he was a man of vast\nwealth and influence. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Many of us lived . . . Albany basically extended from\nabout Highland. The white population extended about from Highland Avenue all the\nway out to about to where the Tift Park is now. Really, most of us lived within\na few blocks of each other.\n\nBERMAN: How would you describe, or what do you think is the future of both the\nJewish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"community here in Albany, the synagogue, and just Albany in general?\n\nLANDAU: I can't really give you too much optimism. The congregation reached its\nhighest number in about 1970 or so. Some people said 162 and others 154\nfamilies. We now have about 75. It's just simply the old families die off,\nthey're not replaced, and when people move into ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here, it's usually on a\ntransient basis. I can't say. We have managed to keep a congregation here for\n130 something years. We'll probably keep on doing it as long as we possibly can.\nLike most congregations in smaller cities and towns, getting rabbis are a\nproblem. My grandfather was here for 47 ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years. Rabbi Martin Hinchin, who\nsucceeded my grandfather, was here about 12 or 13 years. Very highly regarded\nman. Marty Hinchin could get along with everybody. Rabbi Joe Freedman was here\nfor 12 or 13 years. One of our latest men rabbis, Zeke [Elijah] Palnick, who had\nbeen in Little Rock for 20-something years before he came here. Was here for\nabout that same time. We've had some good luck with that. We've also had some\nmen here who were here because this was the only port in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"storm. There are so\nfew rabbis coming out of the seminary that basically, they'll just simply say,\n\"I'm going to locate wherever I feel like.\" You say, \"You say you can become a\nbig fish in a small pond.\" That doesn't work like it used to. We'll probably\nhave a congregation for the foreseeable future.\n\nBERMAN: Is there a rabbi now?\n\nLANDAU: Yes, there is a rabbi now.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What is his name?\n\nLANDAU: His name is Kaplan.\n\nBERMAN: His first name?\n\nLANDAU: Dana. D-A-N-A. I would describe him in terms of being more an academic\nthan a congregational rabbi. I think you will probably hear that from others.\nHe's been here for five years. How long he will continue here, I don't know.\nWhen we hired him, originally, he had told us when he was visiting here that he\nwas not interested in this or any other pulpit full ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time. Then when he came\nhere, I think, he only wanted a one-year contract. They made him take five. This\nis what I was told. I wasn't on the board. Saying, \"Listen, we'll be in the same\nsituation.\" Most of the kids coming out of the seminary now, are people who have\nlived in a predominantly Jewish environment, and that's where they want to live.\nI mean, basically, they want to locate on the two coasts. Fly ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over America is\nnot what they want. I'm not trying to be mean about that. For example, when\nHenry Stern, whose father Charles was in the Kimbrell-Stern undertaking group,\ntold me when he was president, there were 78 open Reform pulpits and 21 seminary graduates.\n\nBERMAN: What about Albany . . . ?\n\nLANDAU: Albany. Albany is declining. It's not . . . when it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"became more\nblue-collar than anything else, basically, it became less appealing for educated\npeople. Most of the ones of us who have lived, who have returned here after\ncollege are people with deep family roots. It is not thriving. Albany, among\nother things, has held up remarkably well considering that there are no\ninterstates or anything like that around here. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Basically, the educated group,\ntheir children leave here. It's mostly the same people. You'll hear the same\npeople. There's been a doctor such and such here for all these years. There's\nbeen a such and such law office. It really doesn't have that bright a future. I\ndon't think anybody thinks so. You can see what's happened to the downtown.\n\nBERMAN: Yes.\n\nLANDAU: Yes, and the military presence is not what it once was. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We still have\nthe Marine Corps Logistics Base, which is basically a motor pool. I guess the\nsame thing that's happened here, happens to a lot of other places. A lot of\nother good-sized towns, they don't die off overnight. It's just that it\ngradually . . . and to some degree, that's the case with the congregation. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We\ndon't have huge drop offs. It's just that from one year to the next we'll have\ntwo or three fewer families.\n\nBERMAN: What was interesting to me when we were here the last time, the building\nwas quite new.\n\nLANDAU: Yes, it was.\n\nBERMAN: You made that decision to move.\n\nLANDAU: Yes. What happened was, the original building stands where the post\noffice downtown was. Then we had a building that was one block further east ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at\nOglethorpe and Jefferson. That building was put up in about 1895, I think. Don't\nquote me on this, but I think somewhere around there. It served for the next 45\nyears to when it was leveled by a tornado in 1940, where we held services at the\nFirst Presbyterian Church for a year or two. The building that replaced that, we\nheld until the early part of the millennium. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We've got it now. Of course, that's\nthe last building we'll ever have. That's the thing. I was opposed to moving out\nthere, not because I didn't like the building or anything, but my thought was,\n\"For gosh sakes, we're slowly in the process of decline. How we going to pay for\nthis?\" One member of the congregation took money out of her husband's estate and\nmade up the balance that we had. We've ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"got a nice place there for as long as we\nhave it. It will continue for the near future, but its best days are behind it.\n\nBERMAN: You made me think of another question when you were talking about . . .\nyou mentioned something about Christmas or something. As German Jews, basically,\nhere like a lot of small towns.\n\nLANDAU: Middle in the south. Yes. Middle Europa.\n\nBERMAN: Middle Europe.\n\nLANDAU: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.\n\nBERMAN: Did you celebrate Christmas as well as . . .?\n\nLANDAU: As a civil holiday but certainly not as a religious holiday. We didn't\nkeep a Christmas tree up in the house or anything like that. I always used to\nsay we celebrated Hanukkah around December the 25th most years. It was the\ngiving. No, people didn't really celebrate Christmas per se, but you gave gifts\nto people at that time of the year. You could call them Hanukkah presents, or\nyou can call them Christmas ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"presents. Let's face it, most Jewish stores are\ndependent on Christmas season for their survival. It was not a big deal really.\nThe members of the congregation were thoroughly mainstreamed. As I say, we were\na bunch of white southerners who went to church on Friday night instead of\nSunday morning, but we were identifiably Jewish. We celebrated Jewish holidays.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We had our temple. We lost very few people until later on. The only time it\nhappened was when social contacts got to be so based around churches, that I\nthink some people took their kids out of school or elected to affiliate with a\nchurch simply because they wanted their kids to have social contacts. Very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"few\nif any people have ever tried to hide the fact that they were Jewish, at least\nthose of us who were natives of the area. We have had people who've come in here\nwho has tried to do that, but everybody knows who they are. Don't put me on. We\nhad a very distinguished ophthalmologist here. His son has followed in his\nfootsteps. He's a wonderful man. His family is one of the leading Jewish\nfamilies in Macon, but his wife was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Methodist and they associated with the\nMethodist church. There was not one single soul in Albany who didn't know that\nhe was Jewish. But what are you going to do if you want to belong to the\nMethodist church? I hope this benefits you, but you see it. But, people, by and\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"large went to the temple. We were completely . . . I like to use the word\nmainstream. I don't like assimilated. I don't like acculturated. I think that\nthose two terms are derogatory. They got along with everybody else. We had a\nlittle different religious background. I've had many people tell me, \"If what ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I\nreally thought was what I practiced, I'd probably be about where you are.\" You\nknow, Reform. Non-ethnic Jewish. That would be the best way to put it.\n\nBERMAN: Would you describe your grandfather, even though he was at the Hebrew\nUnion Seminary, was he a religious man?\n\nLANDAU: As far as I know. He was a classical Reformist. He was a scholar to some\ndegree, although he had many interests. He pushed my father and my uncle into\nsports because he ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"didn't want them to be known as nerdy little preacher's kids.\nMy father, he played number two for Georgia. My uncle played tennis at\nVanderbilt [University]. My father was a fairly good left-handed pitcher as a\nkid. As far as I knew, yes, he was a religious man. He was not a dogmatic man.\nThis is my understanding. He was not dogmatic. I'll give you a little something,\nyou may be interested in hearing this. This floors some ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people. When the pastor\nof the First Baptist Church, [Dr.] Lamar Sims, died, my grandfather was one of\nthe eulogists. He gave, I used to have, it may even be in your papers. He gave\nthis eulogy for him, in which basically, it was like a plea for religious\ntolerance. \"Listen, we're all on the same road. We're so much closer than you\nmight want to think.\" That was the way he was. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was a very prominent man in\nlocal circles. They used to claim that when some of the ministers got into a\nfuss over some passage in the bible, \"Let's get Dr. Landau here. He'll know.\" I\nnever met him. As I understand, he was an extremely nice man and got along with\neverybody, including his colleagues.\n\nBERMAN: I think I have one final question. During High Holy ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Days, did you stay home\nfrom school?\n\nLANDAU: Yes. We did.\n\nBERMAN: Was there any issue with the school system with that?\n\nLANDAU: None at all. We had about ten kids in every class, so it was almost\nimpossible for a teacher to go through a career here in the school system\nwithout having that come up. No, nobody ever bothered anybody with that. We took\nit off just like Sandy Koufax and Hank Greenberg. There was never ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"any teacher\nthat would ever try to . . . as a matter of fact, in my career of practicing as\na litigator basically, I have to practice in all these little counties around\nhere. Most of them . . . let's face it, Albany's got a congregation. Bainbridge\nhas got one that's affiliated with Albany. Valdosta has one. There are two in\nMacon. Two in Columbus. When they were handing out court calendars, I would say\nto the judge and other lawyers, \"Let's put this case down ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for such and such a\ndate because on this date, I've got a religious observance. Or this date or\ndates. For my client's benefits, not mine, please don't make me have to go\neither. Have somebody else in the office handle it or make me have to go into\ncourt without having to look at anything.\" I never had anybody deny that. Of\ncourse, we're all talking about lawyers and judges. We're ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not talking about\nstreet sweepers. But I never had anybody \u003cunintelligible\u003e think like that. Most\nof them, let's face it, knew other lawyers who were Jewish, had friends who were\nJewish. This was part of the world they lived in. No, we didn't have anything\nlike that. I will give you one story about my grandfather that you may like.\nDon't think it's smart aleck or anything. There was a family in town named\nRobinson. They ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were Jewish. Robinson is Rabinowitz, you know, at that end. Miss\nBertha Robinson, I remember sang in the choir at the temple. Somebody at the\ntemple made fun of her singing. She got furious and took her and her whole\nfamily to St. Paul's Episcopal Church. The rector at St. Paul's showed up at my\ngrandfather's house, at his study, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wanted to let him know, \"Please don't\nthink that I tried to solicit these people away.\" Supposedly, my grandfather\nsaid, \"I hope they'll make you a better Episcopalian than they did me a Jew.\"\nFrom what I understand, he had a very good sense of humor.\n\nBERMAN: I love the anecdotes. Before we close, are there any more you can share\nwith us? I love those kinds of stories.\n\nLANDAU: I'll give you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one. Really good. I had a friend. This is one he told me.\nNamed Henry Kieve. K-I-E-V-E. Mr. Kieve nearly saw three centuries. He was born\nin 1900 and died in 1997. After his wife died, my folks took him around. After\nmama died, I took him around town. He went to temple every Friday night because\nI took him. Henry was president ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the congregation. We had a family here named\nBlattner. B-L-A-T-T-N-E-R. They lived down the street from us on Oglethorpe. The\nman of the household was Herman Blattner. I don't like to use Yiddish idioms,\nbut this one is so appropriate. He was the congregational shikker. He was a\ndrunk. The congregation let him sort of keep up the cemetery, the section of the\ncemetery, so he could have a little income. But he was just known as a roaring\ndrunk. Henry was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"president. The board asked him, \"Would you please go see Herman\nBlattner, just see him.\" Finally he did. He said, I asked him, \"Herman, how come\nyou got to drink so much whiskey?\" Herman supposedly replied, \"Look, by the time\nI have my fourth drink, I got just as much money as Mr. Rosenberg.\" Which I\noften think . . . I often wanted to tell this to social workers, \"Hey listen,\nthere's some people you just can't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/transcript/42080/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do anything for. This is what they want.\"\nConventional respectability just doesn't mean anything to them. But I thought\nthat was absolutely priceless.\n\nBERMAN: That's a great story.\n\nLANDAU: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: On that note, I think we'll conclude.\n\nLANDAU: Thank you so much.\n\nBERMAN: Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=4530.0,4560.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/annotation_set/1013","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/annotation_set/1013/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil War, widely known in the United States as the “Civil War” or the “War Between the States,” was fought from 1861 to 1865 to determine the survival of the Union or independence for the Confederacy. In January 1861, seven Southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America. The Confederacy, often called the “South,” grew to include 11 states, and although they claimed 13 states and additional western territories, the Confederacy was never diplomatically recognized by a foreign country. The states that did not declare secession were known as the “Union” or the “North.” The war had its origin in the issue of slavery. After four years of bloody combat, which left over 600,000 Union and Confederate soldiers dead and destroyed much of the South's infrastructure, the Confederacy collapsed, slavery was abolished, and the difficult Reconstruction process of restoring national unity and granting civil rights to freed slaves began.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/annotation_set/1013/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWilliam Jefferson Clinton (1946- ) was the 42nd President of the United States. He served from 1993 to 2001. He was a Democrat. Clinton was impeached in his second term. He faced charges of perjury and obstruction of justice in December 1998-February 1999, but was acquitted. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/annotation_set/1013/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Edmund A. Landau (1875-1945) was the first permanent rabbi of Temple B’nai Israel, a Reform congregation in Albany, Georgia. He was born in Ontario, Canada and raised in Michigan. His family was originally from East Prussia. In 1909, the congregation of Temple Beth-El hired Rabbi Edmund Landau to lead services in Bainbridge, Georgia on every other Sunday.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/annotation_set/1013/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Confederate States Army (CSA) was the military ground force of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/annotation_set/1013/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCongregation B’nai Israel was officially formed in 1876 when an estimated 100 Jews lived in Albany, Georgia. The congregation became a charter member of the Union of American Hebrew Congregations. B’nai Israel was a Reform congregation from its founding. During its early years, B’nai Israel met in the Mayer Building and later in the Welch Building in downtown Albany. In 1882, the congregation built a small synagogue on the corner of Jefferson and Broad Streets. Fourteen years later, members built a new larger temple on the corner of Jefferson and Oglethorpe. Many of the members of the congregation built houses in the area around the synagogue in the early 20th century. Despite its small size, the congregation was first able to hire a rabbi in 1885. While B’nai Israel’s first three rabbis only stayed for a year each, in 1889, they brought in F.W. Jesselson to lead the congregation, who stayed for nine years. In 1898, they hired a 22-year-old graduate of the Hebrew Union College, Edmund A. Landau, Sr., who would spend the next 47 years leading B’nai Israel. After Rabbi Landau’s death in 1945, the Congregation had a series of rabbis, including Harry Caplan, Martin Hinchin, Joseph Freedman, Charles Lesser, David Zielonka, and William Cohen. In 1987, Rabbi Elijah Palnick came to Albany from Little Rock, serving B’nai Israel for the next 12 years. Rabbi Dana Evan Kaplan led the congregation between 2001 and 2011. Student Rabbi Kelly Levy guided the congregation from 2011 until summer of 2013. Student Rabbi Andy Dubin led the congregation until May of 2014. Rabbi Holly Levin Cohn lead the Congregation from July 2014 to June 2017. Rabbi Phil Cohen, Ph.D., led the Congregation from July 2017 until June 2020. Rabbi Larry Schlesinger, Rabbi Emeritus of Temple Beth Israel in Macon, currently leads Zoom Sabbath and Holiday services {2023).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/annotation_set/1013/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eConfirmation is a coming-of-age ritual that originated in the Reform movement, which scorned the idea that at 13 years of age a child was an adult. They replaced \u003cem\u003ebar\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e with a confirmation ceremony at about age 16 to 18. In some Conservative synagogues the confirmation concept has been adopted as a way to continue and child’s Jewish education and involvement for a few more years. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/annotation_set/1013/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion (HUC-JIR), founded in 1875, is the oldest Jewish seminary in the Americas and the main training seminary for rabbis, cantors, educators, and communal workers in Reform Judaism. It has campuses in Cincinnati, New York, Los Angeles, and Jerusalem.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/annotation_set/1013/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe High Holy Days are the two holiest times of the Jewish calendar: Rosh Hashanah (new year) and Yom Kippur (days of atonement).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/annotation_set/1013/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWomen traditionally do the lighting of the candles on Friday evening before sundown to usher in the Sabbath. After lighting the candles, the woman waves her hands over them, covers her eyes and recites a blessing: “\u003cem\u003eBlessed are You, Lord, our God, King of the universe, who has sanctified us with His commandments and commanded us to light Shabbat candles\u003c/em\u003e.” \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/annotation_set/1013/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePassover [Hebrew: \u003cem\u003ePesach\u003c/em\u003e] is the anniversary of Israel’s liberation from Egyptian bondage. The holiday lasts for eight days. Unleavened bread, \u003cem\u003ematzah\u003c/em\u003e, is eaten in memory of the unleavened bread prepared by the Israelite during their hasty flight from Egypt, when they had not time to wait for the dough to rise. On the first two nights of Passover, the seder, the central event of the holiday is celebrated. The seder service is one of the most colorful and joyous occasions in Jewish life. In addition to eating \u003cem\u003ematzah\u003c/em\u003e during the \u003cem\u003eseder\u003c/em\u003e, Jews are prohibited from eating leavened bread during the entire week of Passover. In addition, Jews are also supposed to avoid foods made with wheat, barley, rye, spelt or oats unless those foods are labeled ‘kosher for Passover.’ Jews traditionally have separate dishes for Passover. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/annotation_set/1013/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGefilte fish is a dish similar to a meatloaf, made out of ground fish, onions, starch and eggs. It is traditionally enjoyed by Ashkenazi Jews on Shabbat and Jewish holidays. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/annotation_set/1013/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMatzo\u003c/em\u003e, or \u003cem\u003ematzah\u003c/em\u003e, is an unleavened flatbread that is part of Jewish cuisine and forms an integral element of the Passover festival. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/annotation_set/1013/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSeder\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: order] is a Jewish ritual feast that marks the beginning of the Jewish holiday of Passover. It is conducted on the evening of the fifteenth day of \u003cem\u003eNisan\u003c/em\u003e in the Hebrew calendar throughout the world. Some communities hold seder on both the first two nights of Passover. The \u003cem\u003eseder\u003c/em\u003e incorporates prayers, candle lighting, and traditional foods symbolizing the slavery of the Jews and the exodus from Egypt. It is one of the most colorful and joyous occasions in Jewish life. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/annotation_set/1013/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNew Albany Hotel is a historic hotel in Albany, Georgia, added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. It is now being used as an apartment complex known as The Flats @ 249. Built in 1925, it a six-story Georgian Revival-style building designed by Atlanta architect Raymond C. Snow.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/annotation_set/1013/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: “day of atonement”] The most sacred day of the Jewish year. \u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e is a 25-hour fast day. Most of the day is spent in prayer, reciting \u003cem\u003eyizkor\u003c/em\u003e for deceased relatives, confessing sins, requesting divine forgiveness, and listening to \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e readings and sermons. People greet each other with the wish that they may be sealed in the heavenly book for a good year ahead. The day ends with the blowing of the \u003cem\u003eshofar\u003c/em\u003e (a ram’s horn). \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/annotation_set/1013/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Albany Movement began in fall 1961 and ended in summer 1962. It was the first mass movement in the modern civil rights era to have as its goal the desegregation of an entire community. It resulted in the jailing of more than 1,000 African Americans in Albany and surrounding rural counties. Martin Luther King Jr. was drawn into the movement in December, 1961, when hundreds of black protesters, including himself, were arrested in one week. Eight months later, King left Albany admitting that he had failed to accomplish the movement’s goals.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/annotation_set/1013/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMartin Luther King, Jr. (1929-1968) is best known for his role as a leader in the Civil Rights Movement and the advancement of civil rights using nonviolent civil disobedience based on his Christian beliefs. A Baptist minister, King became a civil rights activist early in his career. He led the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott and helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) in 1957, serving as its first president. With the SCLC, King led an unsuccessful struggle against segregation in Albany, Georgia, in 1962, and organized nonviolent protests in Birmingham, Alabama, that attracted national attention following television news coverage of the brutal police response. King also helped to organize the 1963 March on Washington, where he delivered his famous \"I Have a Dream\" speech. On October 14, 1964, King received the Nobel Peace Prize for combating racial inequality through nonviolence. In 1965, he and the SCLC helped to organize the Selma to Montgomery marches and the following year, he took the movement north to Chicago to work on segregated housing. King was assassinated on April 4, 1968 in Memphis, Tennessee. His death was followed by riots in many United States’ cities. King was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal. Martin Luther King, Jr. Day was established as a holiday in numerous cities and states beginning in 1971, and as a United States federal holiday in 1986.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/annotation_set/1013/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e“Deep South” is a descriptive category of the cultural and geographic sub-regions in the American South. Today, the Deep South is generally considered to be Mississippi, Louisiana, Georgia and South Carolina. Some people add parts of Florida and Texas as well.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/annotation_set/1013/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II (abbreviated WWII or WW2) was a global war involving fighting in most of the world and most countries. Most countries fought in the years 1939–1945 but some started fighting in 1937. Most of the world's countries, including all the great powers, fought as part of two military alliances: the Allies and the Axis Powers. World War II was the largest and deadliest conflict in all of history. It involved more countries, cost more money, involved more people, and killed more people than any other war in history. Between 50 to 85 million people died. The majority were civilians. It included massacres, the deliberate genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, starvation, disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons against civilians in history.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/annotation_set/1013/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBallyhoo was the name of a social party for upper-middle class Reform Jewish young adults (high school to college age) held annually in Atlanta, Georgia. The event attracted young people from all over the Southeast to meet boys and girls from other cities.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/annotation_set/1013/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAn annual summer weekend gathering for German-Jewish singles in Montgomery, Alabama before World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/annotation_set/1013/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil Rights Movement encompasses social movements in the United States whose goal was to end racial segregation and discrimination against Black Americans and enforce constitutional voting rights to them. The movement was characterized by major campaigns of civil resistance. Between 1955 and 1968, acts of nonviolent protest and civil disobedience produced crisis situations between activists and government authorities. Noted legislative achievements during this phase of the Civil Rights Movement were passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the Immigration and Nationality Services Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/annotation_set/1013/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWhite Citizens’ Council (WCC) was an American white supremacist organization formed on July 11, 1954. After 1956, it was known as the Citizens’ Councils of America. It had about 60,000 members, mostly in the South, and was opposed to racial integration during the 1950s and 1960s when it retaliated with economic boycotts and strong intimidation against Black activists, including depriving them of jobs. By the 1970s its influence had faded.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/annotation_set/1013/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Ku Klux Klan (or “Knights of the Ku Klux Klan” today) is a white supremacist, white nationalist, anti-immigration, anti-Jewish, anti-Catholic, anti-Black secret society, whose methods have included terrorism and murder. It was founded in the South in the 1860s and then died out and come back several times, most notably in the 1920s when membership soared again, and then again in the 1960s during the civil rights era. When the Klan was re-founded in 1915 in Georgia, the event was marked by a cross burning on Stone Mountain. In the past it members dressed up in white robes and a pointed hat designed to hide their identity and to terrify. It is still in existence.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/annotation_set/1013/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWilliam Randolph Hearst Sr. (1863–1951) was an American businessman, newspaper publisher, and politician known for developing the nation's largest newspaper chain and media company, Hearst Communications.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/annotation_set/1013/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eReform Judaism is a division within Judaism, especially in North America and the United Kingdom. Historically it began in the 19th century. In general, the Reform movement maintains that Judaism and Jewish traditions should be modernized and compatible with participation in Western culture. While the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e remains the law, in Reform Judaism women are included (mixed seating, \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e, and women rabbis), instrumental music is allowed in the services, and most of the service is in the local language as opposed to Hebrew.   \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/annotation_set/1013/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHanukkah\u003c/em\u003e or \u003cem\u003eChanukah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: dedication] is an eight-day festival of lights usually falling around Christmas on the Christian calendar. \u003cem\u003eHanukkah\u003c/em\u003e celebrates the victory of the Maccabees in 165 BCE over the Seleucid rulers of Palestine, who had desecrated the Temple. The Maccabees wanted to re-dedicate the Temple altar to Jewish worship by rekindling the menorah (ritual candelabra) but could only find one small jar of ritually pure olive oil. This oil continued to burn miraculously for eight days, enabling them to prepare new oil. The \u003cem\u003eHanukkah\u003c/em\u003e \u003cem\u003emenorah\u003c/em\u003e, or \u003cem\u003ehanukiah\u003c/em\u003e, with its nine branches, is used to commemorate this miracle by lighting eight candles, one for each day, with the ninth candle. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/annotation_set/1013/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eShikker\u003c/em\u003e is a Yiddish word, meaning a drunk. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=4470.0,4500.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/index/52738","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Landau, Edmund [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/index/52738/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family history","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=45.0,539.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/index/52738/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My father's family on his mother's side has lived here since 1846.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=45.0,539.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/index/52738/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Alabama","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"arranged marriage","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bainbridge, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bavaria","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Civil War","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Confederate veterans","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Congregation B'Nai Israel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dr. Edmund A. Landau, Sr.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family history","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Frances Weintraub","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hebrew Union College","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Immigration","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jacob Grass","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jacob Julius Breitenback","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kasha, Hungary","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Protestant","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rabbi","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rabbi Eugene Blackschleger","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Reich \u0026 Geiger dry goods store","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Savannah","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thomasville, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"War Between the States","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=45.0,539.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/index/52738/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Families in Albany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=539.0,1158.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/index/52738/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How many families are here today in Albany, Jewish families? ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=539.0,1158.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/index/52738/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Affiliate","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Catholics","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Civic","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Friday service","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish foods","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish mayor","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish neighborhood","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Manischewitz","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"National trend","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Observe holidays","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Passover seder","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Protestant","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rabbi Joseph Freedman","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rabbis","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Walk to temple","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=539.0,1158.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/index/52738/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Relationship between Jewish community and African American Community. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=1158.0,1658.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/index/52738/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I wanted to talk to you a little bit about the relationship between the Jewish community and the African-American community.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241#t=1158.0,1658.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86952/file/175241/index/52738/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Albany 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