{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/wd3pv6ct83/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Klein, Sari Stern"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2001-02-27 (created)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Sari Klein Stern (Interviewee)","Eva Fernandez (Interviewee)","John Kent (Interviewer)","Ruth Einstein (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eSari Klein Stern and Eva Fernandez are interviewed on February 27, 2001 by John Kent and Ruth Einstein in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eSari describes her childhood and family. She remembers the antisemitism of the 1930s in Hungary and Germany. Sari recounts her marriage, the birth of her daughter, and her husband being taken for forced labor. She talks about how life changed when the Germans occupied Hungary. Sari recalls bombing raids, being forced from her house, and the reaction of locals. She describes life in one of Budapest’s Yellow Star Houses and her own deportation. Sari remembers being held in a brick factory. She compares the Arrow Cross and police guards. Sari talks about life in the Lichtenwoerthconcentration camp. She recounts the end of the war and the help she received from peasants and prisoners of war. Sari remembers the Soviets liberating the area. She explains how she got back to Budapest, recovering from typhus and reuniting with her daughter. Sari explains how non-Jews reacted after the war. She recounts marrying and immigrating to the United States. Sari talks about adjusting to life in the United States, her marriage, and other survivors she knew. She discusses her husband’s reluctance towards Judaism. Sari outlines her life after divorce, her career, and her third marriage. She shares her pain recalling the Holocaust. Sari talks about returning to Europe. Sari’s daughter joins the interview. Eva and Sari recall her childhood and journey to America. Eva considers her identity. Sari talks about saving family photos and jewelry.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)","\u003cp\u003eSari Suzanne Klein was born Sari Stern in Szurduk, Hungary (now Surduc, Romania) on April 10, 1912. After her father was killed in World War I, her mother brought her and her older brother, Mendel Stern, to Budapest. Unable to care for three-year-old Sari, her mother gave her up for adoption. Sari was adopted by the Munz family and enjoyed a pampered childhood until her adopted father, Gyula, died in 1925. To help support her adopted mother, Sari left school and became an apprentice, learning to sew. She continued her education with a private tutor. At 18, Sari took over Gyula’s clothing store. As a young adult, Sari enjoyed a comfortable living and an active social life that included membership in Zionist organizations. As the antisemitism in Hungary increased in the 1930s, she hoped to immigrate to Palestine. The start of World War II put an end to those plans and in 1940, Sari married Laslo Weisz. In June of 1942, their daughter, Eva Judith, was born. Just three months later, Laslo was sent to the Eastern front as a forced laborer. Sari never heard from him again. Life in Budapest became more and more restricted. Then, in March 1944, the Germans occupied Hungary. During frequent Allied air raids, Sari and Eva took cover in a room that stored coal, as Jews were not allowed into bomb shelters. That summer, Sari, her daughter, and her mother were forced to leave their home and move into one room of a relative’s apartment in a building reserved for Jews. Although spared from the mass deportations of Hungarian Jews, they were largely restricted to the crowded apartment building.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eIn October 1944, the Arrow Cross seized power. At the beginning of November, Sari was among 70,000 mostly female Jews forced to leave Budapest. Eva remained behind with relatives. After a few days confined to a deserted brick factory, Sari was sent on a march towards the Austrian border. Locked into a barn without adequate food or clothing, the women were forced to dig antitank ditches. Later that winter, they were loaded onto a train and taken to a small subcamp of Mauthausen concentration camp that had been set up in Lichtenwoerth, Austria. The women were locked in an empty factory. For the next few months, the women remained in the factory, sleeping on straw thrown across the concrete floor. With the Allies advancing, there was no work and they received little food. The women bartered with French prisoners of war who were housed nearby for extra food. In early April, the Germans abandoned the camp. Sick with typhus, Sari and a friend hid in a haystack. The French prisoners of war found the women and took them to a peasant’s house, where they were sheltered and fed. When the Russian army finally arrived in the town, they helped the women return to Budapest. In Budapest, Sari recuperated in a hospital. Although her home had been bombed, she was reunited with her daughter and mother. \u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eDesperate to leave Hungary, Sari remarried a cousin from her adopted father’s side of the family in 1948. Her new husband, Dennis Moray (1892-1972), had left Hungary for the United States before the war. As an American citizen, he was able to bring Sari to the United States. She arrived in New York City aboard the Queen Mary on June 7, 1948. Eva followed in 1949 and her mother came later. Sari found work in New York’s garment industry and Eva excelled at school. In 1957, Sari and Dennis separated. After Eva married and her mother had passed away, Sari moved to Manhattan, where she became a teacher at Parsons School of Design and at the Pratt Institute. In November 1970, Sari married Morton Klein (1906-1979), a survivor and cousin from her adopted mother’s side of the family. Sari and Morton enjoyed the next nine years of retirement in St. Petersburg, Florida. Following Morton’s death, Sari moved to be near her daughter and three grandchildren in Atlanta, Georgia. Sari died at the age of 102, on October 27, 2014.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/29215"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["adoption (topical term)","Allies (corporate name)","America (geographic)","American Consulate (corporate name)","American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (corporate name)","Antisemitism (other)","Arrow Cross (corporate name)","Atlanta (Georgia) (geographic term)","Austria (geographic)","Berlin Airlift (named event)","Bomb shelters (topical term)","Bombing raids (topical term)","Brooklyn (New York City, New York) (geographic)","Budapest (Hungary) (geographic)","Budapest Ghetto (geographic term)","Bystander (topical term)","Canada (geographic)","Child survivor (topical term)","Clary Weisz (personal name)","Collaborator (topical term)","Concentration camp (topical term)","Concentration camp inmates (topical term)","Concentration camps -Sociological aspects (topical term)","Copenhagen, Denmark (geographic)","Csendor (topical term)","cultural differences (topical term)","Czechoslovakia (geographic)","Deerfield Beach (Florida) (geographic)","Dennis Moray (personal name)","Deportation (topical term)","Dr. Josef Mengele (personal name)","Eastern Front (geographic term)","education (topical term)","El Dorado (topical term)","English (other)","Europe (geographic)","Eva Judith Fernandez (personal name)","Eva Judith Moray (personal name)","Eva Judith Weisz (personal name)","Extermination camp (topical term)","Auschwitz-Birkenau (corporate name)","Florida (geographic)","Forced Labor (topical term)","Forced march (topical term)","Gendarme (topical term)","Gentile (topical term)","German Occupation – Hungary (topical term)","Georgia (geographic)","Germans (other)","H. G. Wells (personal name)","Helpers (topical term)","Hiding (topical term)","Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) (named event)","Hungarian (other)","Hungary (geographic)","Immigration (topical term)","Israel (geographic)","Jewish (other)","Jewish police (topical term)","Jewish Star (topical term)","Jews – Hungary (topical term)","Joint (topical term)","Judaism (other)","Laszlo Weisz (personal name)","Lichtenwoerth (Austria) (geographic)","Lichtenwoerth concentration camp (corporate name)","Lichtenwörth (Austria) (geographic)","Lichtenwörth concentration camp (corporate name)","Long Island (geographic term)","Manhattan (New York City, New York) (geographic term)","mass grave (topical term)","Martyr (topical term)","Mendel Stern (personal name)","Missing in action (topical term)","Morton Klein (personal name)","Nagybatony-Ujlaki brickyards (geographic term)","Nazi (topical term)","New Jersey (geographic term)","New School (corporate name)","New York City (New York) (geographic)","Queens College (corporate name)","Non-Jewish – Austria (topical term)","Non-Jewish – Hungary (topical term)","Non-Jewish – prisoners (topical term)","North African campaign (topical term)","Palestine (geographic term)","Parsons School of Design (corporate name)","Peasants (topical term)","Perpetrator (topical term)","Pesach (named event)","Peterfy Sandor (geographic term)","Poland (geographic)","POW (topical term)","Postwar experience (topical term)","Pratt Institute (corporate name)","Prisoners of War (topical term)","Prisoners of War – French (topical term)","Recovery (topical term)","Recuperation (topical term)","Liberation (topical term)","Restrictions (topical term)","Romania (geographic)","Royal Hungarian Main Post Office (corporate name)","Russian Front (topical term)","Russian soldiers (topical term)","Soviets (topical term)","Russians (topical term)","Sari Suzanne Klein (personal name)","Sari Munz (personal name)","Sari Stern (personal name)","Sari Weisz (personal name)","Second generation (topical term)","Selection (topical term)","Shabbat Candles (topical term)","Siege of Budapest (named event)","social mores (topical term)","St. Petersburg (Florida) (geographic)","Starvation (topical term)","Surduc (Romania) (geographic)","Survivor-child relationship (topical term)","Szent Erzsebet Church (corporate name)","Szent Laszlo Korhaz (corporate name)","Szurduk (Hungary) (geographic)","Typhus (other)","University of South Florida (corporate name)","Weiner Neustadt (Austria) (geographic)","Women (topical)","World War I (named event)","World War II (named event)","World War, 1914-1918 (named event)","World War, 1939-1945 (named event)","Yad Vashem (corporate name)","Yellow Star Houses (topical term)","Yellow Star (topical term)","Jewish Star (topical term)","Yiddish (topical term)","Zionism (topical)","Zsido (local term)","numerus clausus (topical term)","Laurelton (Long Island) (geographic term)","United States (geographic)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eSari Klein Stern and Eva Fernandez are interviewed on February 27, 2001 by John Kent and Ruth Einstein in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSari describes her childhood and family. She remembers the antisemitism of the 1930s in Hungary and Germany. Sari recounts her marriage, the birth of her daughter, and her husband being taken for forced labor. She talks about how life changed when the Germans occupied Hungary. Sari recalls bombing raids, being forced from her house, and the reaction of locals. She describes life in one of Budapest\u0026rsquo;s Yellow Star Houses and her own deportation. Sari remembers being held in a brick factory. She compares the Arrow Cross and police guards. Sari talks about life in the Lichtenwoerthconcentration camp. She recounts the end of the war and the help she received from peasants and prisoners of war. Sari remembers the Soviets liberating the area. She explains how she got back to Budapest, recovering from typhus and reuniting with her daughter. Sari explains how non-Jews reacted after the war. She recounts marrying and immigrating to the United States. Sari talks about adjusting to life in the United States, her marriage, and other survivors she knew. She discusses her husband\u0026rsquo;s reluctance towards Judaism. Sari outlines her life after divorce, her career, and her third marriage. She shares her pain recalling the Holocaust. Sari talks about returning to Europe. Sari\u0026rsquo;s daughter joins the interview. Eva and Sari recall her childhood and journey to America. Eva considers her identity. Sari talks about saving family photos and jewelry.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSari Suzanne Klein was born Sari Stern in Szurduk, Hungary (now Surduc, Romania) on April 10, 1912. After her father was killed in World War I, her mother brought her and her older brother, Mendel Stern, to Budapest. Unable to care for three-year-old Sari, her mother gave her up for adoption. Sari was adopted by the Munz family and enjoyed a pampered childhood until her adopted father, Gyula, died in 1925. To help support her adopted mother, Sari left school and became an apprentice, learning to sew. She continued her education with a private tutor. At 18, Sari took over Gyula\u0026rsquo;s clothing store. As a young adult, Sari enjoyed a comfortable living and an active social life that included membership in Zionist organizations. As the antisemitism in Hungary increased in the 1930s, she hoped to immigrate to Palestine. The start of World War II put an end to those plans and in 1940, Sari married Laslo Weisz. In June of 1942, their daughter, Eva Judith, was born. Just three months later, Laslo was sent to the Eastern front as a forced laborer. Sari never heard from him again. Life in Budapest became more and more restricted. Then, in March 1944, the Germans occupied Hungary. During frequent Allied air raids, Sari and Eva took cover in a room that stored coal, as Jews were not allowed into bomb shelters. That summer, Sari, her daughter, and her mother were forced to leave their home and move into one room of a relative\u0026rsquo;s apartment in a building reserved for Jews. Although spared from the mass deportations of Hungarian Jews, they were largely restricted to the crowded apartment building.\u003cbr /\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cbr /\u003eIn October 1944, the Arrow Cross seized power. At the beginning of November, Sari was among 70,000 mostly female Jews forced to leave Budapest. Eva remained behind with relatives. After a few days confined to a deserted brick factory, Sari was sent on a march towards the Austrian border. Locked into a barn without adequate food or clothing, the women were forced to dig antitank ditches. Later that winter, they were loaded onto a train and taken to a small subcamp of Mauthausen concentration camp that had been set up in Lichtenwoerth, Austria. The women were locked in an empty factory. For the next few months, the women remained in the factory, sleeping on straw thrown across the concrete floor. With the Allies advancing, there was no work and they received little food. The women bartered with French prisoners of war who were housed nearby for extra food. In early April, the Germans abandoned the camp. Sick with typhus, Sari and a friend hid in a haystack. The French prisoners of war found the women and took them to a peasant\u0026rsquo;s house, where they were sheltered and fed. When the Russian army finally arrived in the town, they helped the women return to Budapest. In Budapest, Sari recuperated in a hospital. Although her home had been bombed, she was reunited with her daughter and mother.\u0026nbsp;\u003cbr /\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cbr /\u003eDesperate to leave Hungary, Sari remarried a cousin from her adopted father\u0026rsquo;s side of the family in 1948. Her new husband, Dennis Moray (1892-1972), had left Hungary for the United States before the war. As an American citizen, he was able to bring Sari to the United States. She arrived in New York City aboard the Queen Mary on June 7, 1948. Eva followed in 1949 and her mother came later. Sari found work in New York\u0026rsquo;s garment industry and Eva excelled at school. In 1957, Sari and Dennis separated. After Eva married and her mother had passed away, Sari moved to Manhattan, where she became a teacher at Parsons School of Design and at the Pratt Institute. In November 1970, Sari married Morton Klein (1906-1979), a survivor and cousin from her adopted mother\u0026rsquo;s side of the family. Sari and Morton enjoyed the next nine years of retirement in St. Petersburg, Florida. Following Morton\u0026rsquo;s death, Sari moved to be near her daughter and three grandchildren in Atlanta, Georgia. Sari died at the age of 102, on October 27, 2014.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/209/568/small/Klein_SariStern.mp4_1696525111.jpg?1696525112","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Klein_SariStern.mp4"]},"duration":7111.205,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/209/568/small/Klein_SariStern.mp4_1696525111.jpg?1696525112","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/209/568/original/Klein_SariStern.mp4?1696525107","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":7111.205,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Klein, Sari Stern [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John: Can you begin with your name when you were born, also?\n\nSari: Born, I was Sari Stern -- Stern, Sari.\n\nJohn: And what is your name now?\n\nSari: My name is Sari Suzanne Klein.\n\nJohn: When were you born and where?\n\nSari: I was born in 1912 in Surduc, Maramaros. At that time, it was Hungary.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Today, it is Romania. After the First World War, it became Romania.\n\nJohn: Could you go through with the main events in your life leading up to the war?\n\nSari: My father died in the First World War and my mother came with her two\nchildren--my brother, who was two years older than I--came to Budapest [Hungary].\n\nJohn: The name?\n\nSari: The name of my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"brother was Mendel Stern. She could not care for us, so she\ngave me up for adoption. I was adopted by--the name was Munz--very good parents.\nI had a wonderful, very cared ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for and pampered childhood. My father died when I\nwas 13 and then the whole world changed. Life became very harsh. My mother said\nthat as she cannot leave money for me, I should not be on anybody's mercy. I\nshould ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have an occupation so I can make my way in life, I could take care of\nmyself financially. So I started to learn to sew. I was given as an apprentice\nand I continued school privately. The teacher came to my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"house so I had my\neducation and I was working. But it was very hard for a growing child. I became\nsick. Anyway, that was -- I got better. After my father died, my mother was\nrunning the business. My father had a lady's coat and suit ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"business. The\nbusiness went down, so when I was 18, I took over. I was running the business\nand made a fair living. I had friends and, in general, life was beautiful, even\nthough there was antisemitism. But it was a way of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"life. We took it as -- We\ncannot help it and we made the best of it.\n\nJohn: Tell me about the antisemitism. How did that happen in your life? How did\nit affect you?\n\nSari: How did it affect me? In every day, let us say in business life, I did not\nfeel it. When I had contact with the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gentiles [non-Jews], I did not feel it. But\nsocially, we socialized only with -- They would not socialize with us, but we\nwere contented to socialize with each other. It was a very nice life. It was a\nbeautiful life in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hungary. In the summer, we went boating on the Danube [River]\nwith my friends and in the winter, we went to theater, we went to the opera.\nThere were nice hotels. They had five o'clock tea. In the afternoons, we went\ndancing. It was [a] beautiful life, in spite of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everything.\n\nJohn: How did it affect you when learned that you were adopted?\n\nSari: How did it -- I wanted to push it aside. I had my identity as Munz, Sari,\nas an only daughter of my parents, and that is how I wanted it. I did not want\nto know about it. I did not want to. I tried to push it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"aside. I tried not to\nthink about it.\n\nJohn: What was going on around you throughout the thirties? How did things change?\n\nSari: In the thirties, things got really harder for the Jews. Jewish boys and\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"girls could not go forward for a university. There was only a certain number\n[that] were allowed. It is only the very brightest [who] could go to\nuniversities. We heard about what was going on in Germany. It is a strange\nthing. People do not want to believe it. Or, [they thought,] \"It's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there. It\nwon't affect me. It won't touch me.\" But then when the war started, then we saw\nthat it is really -- The Germans, they went into Czechoslovakia, they were in\nPoland, they were in Austria, so it was all around us. I wanted to get out. I\njoined ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a Zionist organization and we worked for -- to go to -- at that time, it\nwas Palestine, to go to Israel. I wanted to go also, but my mother just did not\nwant to hear about it. By that time, I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in my twenties. I got to my late\ntwenties. I did not want to get married because I did not want to settle in\nHungary. I wanted to get out, but when I saw I cannot, then I decided, \"Okay,\nthen, I will get married.\" I got married in 1941. I married a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"man who I trusted\nand admired for his integrity, for his honesty, for his goodness. Unfortunately\n-- Eleven months later, my daughter was born. She was three months old --\n\nJohn: And his name?\n\nSari: His name was Laszlo -- Weisz, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Laszlo. In English, it would be Ladislaw\nWeisz. My daughter was three months old when my husband was taken by the Nazis.\nHe was taken to the Russian front. The Jews could not bear arms. He was taken\nfor forced ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"labor. He was taken to the front. I never heard of what happened to him.\n\nJohn: What year was that?\n\nSari: Excuse me?\n\nJohn: What year?\n\nSari: That was in the end of 1942, probably it was December or January 1943. No,\nI think it was December of 1942. My daughter was born in June. He ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was taken. He\nhad to report to the army in September. He had to go to [unintelligible; 9:52].\nAt the end of the year, they were all taken. In the whole battalion, nobody ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came\nback. Nobody came back. A few months later, I was notified that he is missing in action.\n\nJohn: Did the government offer any help to the widows?\n\nSari: Not for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish widows, no. But later, when people were taken, when the\nGermans came in in nineteen forty -- Let me see. It was 1944, March. The Germans\ncame in. It was mass deportation of the Jews, especially from the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"countryside.\nEverybody was taken and some of the Jews were taken from Budapest also, but not\na mass transportation. The widows of the men -- I did not have to report when\nthey were -- also because I had a small child. So, that was the only benefit.\nOtherwise, there was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not anything. In 1944, on March 15--which is like fourth of\nJuly here; it is a national holiday--that is when the Germans came in to\nBudapest. Then in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"April, we were -- Every day, there were placards on a wall\nwith orders that the Jews were restricted to do this or do that kind of thing.\nIn April, we had to leave our home. We had to go to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"houses marked with the\nJewish star. As soon as the Germans came in, we had to wear the Jewish star.\nEven small children, even a baby like my daughter, she had to have a Jewish star.\n\nJohn: How did the locals react to these new rules and the German presence?\n\nSari: Ugly. The Jews, of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"course, I do not have to tell you. You can imagine how\nwe acted, but we had to obey. In general -- For instance, the American airplanes\ncame, too. Budapest was bombed. They started to bomb Budapest. I lived in a\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"building, which was an old building, a few hundred year old building with walls\nvery --. one and a half meter [about five feet] thick outer walls and the\nbasements had this -- How do they call it?\n\nJohn: Arches?\n\nSari: Arches, so it was very secure. That was where we went down when the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bombers came. The Jews were not allowed to go there. I had to -- We had to carry\nsome food with us when the alarms came. [I had] to take some food. I needed\nthings for my child, diapers and these kinds of things, so I had packages and I\ntied my daughter [around] my neck. When ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I wanted to go down with the elevator,\nthe maid of my neighbor said, \"You dirty Jew, get out of here. You cannot use\nthe elevator.\" It was dark. We could not use the electricity because it was --\nWe had to -- Everything had to be in darkness. The planes were coming. I had to\ngo down with my child. The ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[superintendent] was a very humane woman. She opened\nup the cellar where we kept the coal and the firewood. I could not go the -- How\ndo you call that? The emergency --\n\nRuth: Shelter?\n\nSari: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[Unintelligible; 00:15:33].\n\nJohn: Say it in Hungarian.\n\nSari: I am a little bit upset and then I cannot think. I cannot remember where\nyou went when the bombs were coming.\n\nJohn: Bomb shelters?\n\nSari: Bomb shelters. We could not go into the shelters. We had to go to the --\nJews were not allowed in the shelters. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is how they behaved.\n\nJohn: At that point, what did you know about what was happening to the people\ntaken away?\n\nSari: As I said, I did belong to the Zionist organization and we were informed.\nWe knew that they were murdered. Also, as I mentioned, my brother came to -- He\ncame from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany.\n\nJohn: What did he tell you?\n\nSari: He knew all about it, so we knew all that is going on. At that time, we\nhad to go to the Jewish house marked with the Jewish star. That was in April. By\nthat time, the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germans, they were almost beaten in Africa. They lost the war in\nAfrica and it looked very bad, so we were very hopeful that it will be over\nbefore it will get very bad for us. By the time I was taken to a concentration\ncamp, we heard ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Russian guns already. We knew the Russians are a few\nkilometers away and we were hoping that it will be over.\n\nJohn: You were also taken away?\n\nSari: Yes, I was in concentration camp.\n\nJohn: When and where was that?\n\nSari: I was taken from the Jewish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"house. As I said, we had to move into a Jewish house.\n\nEva: In a ghetto?\n\nSari: I moved in. We could not take any furniture or anything. I took my\ndaughter's crib. That was the only thing. We moved in with my husband's aunt and\nuncle. They had a large ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"apartment, but every one family could have only one\nroom. The aunt and uncle, they kept their bedroom. We had the dining room. They\nhad two more rooms and two other families lived there. We all used the same one\nbathroom. There was only one bathroom and one ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kitchen. We were locked in. The\nbuildings were locked. Every day, we could go out for a couple hours to buy\nsomething or something. If you were late, you did not get home. Then, [if] you\nwere found on the street, you were shot, or if you were lucky, were sent to\nconcentration ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"camp. We were there. In October, I was taken. The older women had\nto had to go -- under the age of 40. By that time, Hungary did not have any\nrailroads. It was all bombed. We had to walk. We could not take any luggage with\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"us. We were walking.\n\nJohn: Your daughter was walking with you?\n\nSari: No, I was taken. [It was] only women under 40, no children. I had to leave\nmy child there. My mother was there also, and the aunt, and uncle, so I left her\nthere. We were taken to -- From Pest, we were taken to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Buda. There was a brick\nfactory. We spent the night in the brick factory. You know, there were like\ncarports, like -- over the -- It was the roof and poles where, when the factory\nwas in business, then they were drying the bricks ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there. That is where we spent\nthe night. Then, we started to march, to go.\n\nJohn: Who were the people guarding you and organizing all that?\n\nSari: Nyilas [Hungarian], the Arrow Cross people, but police was there also.\n\nJohn: So these were Hungarians?\n\nSari: Hungarian police. The ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"police -- There was two incidents happened in this\nbrick factory. It was dark. It was night. I heard angry voices--men [with] angry\nvoices--and shouting that, \"How do you dare to go on the street? Do not you know\nthat a Jew is not allowed ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to?\" It turned out that a man who was in a\nwork--forced labor--camp heard that his wife was taken and ran away from the\nlabor camp, came to the brick factory to look for his wife. The man who was\nquestioning him was an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Arrow Cross, belonged to the organization Arrow Cross.\nThey wanted to shoot him. The policemen did not let him, did not let them. I do\nnot know what happened to the man. The policeman -- Probably he was taken back\nto the labor camp and what happened to him, I do not know. But I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know that the\npolice was fighting with the Arrow Cross man. After that, I heard whispering,\nthat a policeman was whispering to the police lieutenant, \"I cannot stand it.\" I\nheard the man say, \"All these young women, they will be killed. I cannot stand\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it. We can overcome them.\" He wanted to fight the Arrow Cross, the man. The\nlieutenant said, \"I feel like you do, but we won't help them. Even if we help\nthem escape, sooner or later, the government --\"--the Arrow Cross\ngovernment--\"they will be captured ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"again. We cannot do anything. All we can [do\nis] keep them in line, not to let them overreact.\" That was very touching. It\nwas good to know there are decent men, decent people. Although the following\nday, again I heard shouting. That was daylight then. I see that the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"man is a\nJew, is going up on the mountain, and men with the Arrow Cross on the arm band\nis with a gun [chasing] after him. The policeman was running and shouting. I\ncould not hear. We could not here anything because it was in the distance, but\nwe could see that the policeman and this ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"man with the Arrow Cross, they were\narguing. After a while, the policeman motioned to the Jew to go down. When he\ncame down, everybody asked, \"What happened?\" The man with the Arrow Cross wanted\nhis shoes. He wanted to kill him to get his pair of shoes and the policeman\nstopped ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him. Then, we were lined up. Other groups were brought also--mostly\nwomen, very few men because the men were taken before, but some elderly men,\nwhat not -- anyway, some men also. We started to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"march in a group. A young girl\nI knew from birth -- She was 16 years old. We were very close. Her grandfather\nwas my father's friend, so I knew her whole family. She was taken earlier, and\nshe was dirty by that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time, and everything. We were glad to see one another. I\ntried to clean her up as much I could. I said, \"We will try to step out to -- I\ndon't know how to go, but to get away.\" In the country, we could not do\nanything, but when we got into a city, where there ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were a lot of commotion, a\nlot of traffic, and a lot of people, we stepped out of the line. Somebody saw us\nand somebody -- Actually, it was a gypsy woman. The Gendarme, the csendor\n[Hungarian: Gendarme], came after us and took us back. When we stopped, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the\nwomen asked the Gendarmes, \"Where are we going? What's going to happen to us?\"\nAnd so matter of factly, so nonchalantly, he said, \"Oh, you people will be\nkilled.\" The women asked, \"Why? Why do we have to --\" [He said,] \"You will have\nto be killed.\" [The women asked,] \"Why do we have to be killed?\" [He said,]\n\"Because ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"your husbands will come back after the war and they will take revenge\non us.\" The women said, \"Well, what do you think? If you kill us, won't they\ntake revenge on you?\" [He said,] \"How will they know? Nobody is going to tell\nthem.\" It was so matter of fact. We were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[walking] for several days. I do not\nremember how long it took that we got to the border, the Hungarian-Austrian\nborder. We were put in a barn. We hardly got food all this time. Once a couple\nof ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"days probably, we got a plate of soup or a slice of bread. We were hungry and\nin Hungary, in October, November, it is cold. We could not change our clothes.\nDay and night, we were in the same clothes. We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were locked into that barn. At\nbefore even the sun got up, or let us say 'sun up,' we had to line up. We were\ntaken to the fields. We had to dig antitank ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ditches. If we did not move fast\nenough, then we were beaten. I do not remember how long we were there. After a\nwhile, we were again lined up. We were marched across the border to Austria.\nThere, we were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"put on the train. It was not a long ride. We got to Lichtenwoerth\n[Austrian: Lichtenwörth]. [That] is the name of a village. We were taken. It\nwas a concentration camp. We were taken. It must have been a factory before. It\nwas a big building. It was empty. There was no machinery. There were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"large rooms\nthere. There was straw on the cement floor. We had to lie down shoulder to\nshoulder in two rows, a second row with the feet were to our head. We were\nthere. We were left there. That was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with wire.\n\nJohn: Barbed wire?\n\nSari: [Yes.] A fence all around it. It was a starvation camp.\n\nJohn: Can you say the name of that place again?\n\nSari: Lichtenwoerth. It is near Weiner ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Neustadt [Austria]. It was starvation.\nSometimes for a week, we did not get anything to eat. There was a doctor among\nthe men. The men died. They did not have any resistance at all. There was a\ndoctor and we asked the doctor that, \"How come we are ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"still alive?\" He said,\n\"Well, medically, I would say it is not possible, but you are here.\" We did have\nwater. You can live without food for a certain length of time, but not without\nwater. We had water. Next to our camp, there were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"French prisoners of war. They\nwere coming and going. They were not locked up. They were housed there. That was\ntheir -- They were stationed there. I do not know. They worked on the fields or\nwhatever they did. They had more freedom. They could get out. They were\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bartering with us. My feet and my hands, they were frozen. I could not wear my\nshoes. I had -- over the shoes, I had a like snow boots, rubber boots. That is\nwhat I wore. I sold my pair of custom made shoes for a loaf of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bread. I sold my\nwedding band for a loaf of bread. Do you want me to go more in detail?\n\nJohn: Continue with that. This was one around November now?\n\nSari: No, that was [not] November. I think that was in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"December, January. We\nwere there. The bread was very precious. Depending [on] how much bread, how many\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"loaves they delivered, it was -- That is what they decided: how many people\nshould share one loaf. To cut up the bread and to make sure that everybody gets\nthe same, that was a major ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"importance. I was respected. They trusted me. For my\ngroup, it was -- sometimes it was eight, sometimes it was 12. It depends how\nmany. They wanted me to cut up the bread. If it was a round bread, that was\nsimple. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We took a string, measured the center, marked it, and then, we took the\nstring, and measured it around. If it was for eight or 12, before with the\nstring, for so many. Then, with the knife, we marked it and then sliced it.\nEverybody was sitting there and watching it. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We did not rush it because the\nanticipation. It was a very important event. Although that was fine when the\nbread was round, but if it was a loaf, the center is higher than the [outside\nedge] was. That was a problem. But ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anyway, we cut it. Then, we did not eat it\nbecause we did not know when are we going to get again. We just took a little\nbit. But the human spirit is really wonderful. Bread was a commodity. There was\na man who was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"poet and he wrote poetry. We were hungry for to hear some\npoetry. He came around and we gave him a little piece of bread, even though that\nwas so precious for us. He was reading us his poetry. He wrote always new\npoetry. There was one ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"poem and every stanza ended with repeating, \"G-d, let me\nsurvive and I will be a happy man.\" He did not survive. He had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a wife, who was\nnot Jewish, and a daughter. He talked about them. After the war -- All the dead\nwere buried in a mass grave, but after the war, they were brought back home.\nThere is a section in the cemetery. I do not know. It is at the beginning of it.\nAt ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the entrance, there is a section for the martyrs. They were buried there. His\nwife -- That was --\n\nJohn: What condition were you in by that point? How were you?\n\nSari: I was a skeleton. We were sitting all day ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"long, killing lice--we were full\nof lice--and exchanging recipes, talking of food. Now, I told you we were lying\nin two rows. Above my head, there was a woman who had her ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"child with her, about\n11 or 12 years old. We thought it was a little girl, but it was a boy. She\ndressed him in a girl's clothes to be able to take him with her. Now, this\nwoman, when we got soup--once in a blue moon, when we got soup--she was the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one\nwho gave a ladle [of soup to everyone]. I do not know how or what happened, but\nthey found out that she gave more to this child and she took more for herself.\nThey called the zsido [Hungarian: Jewish], the police. The Jewish police became\nvery angry. It was a man. [He] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"took all the extra dishes with the soup and gave\nit to the people around it. I had my cup, too, so I got some also. This woman\nwas heartbroken because it was her child's food. She was crying and she turned\nto me. She ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said, \"Even you took it!\" She put a curse on me. She knew I have a\nchild at home. [She said,] \"You should never see your child again.\" I will never\nforget it, but I do not really hold it against her because it was her child.\nThese are the things what ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"happened. One night, we all had to go in to one room.\nA very high ranking German came. [He was] a very good looking man. As I saw\npictures later, it seems to me, but I do not know--but it seems to me--it was\n[Dr. Josef] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mengele. They started to separate people who can work and who cannot\nwork, who has skill and who cannot work. I was put with the workers. I was\nhoping that it will be better conditions when we work. But by that time, they\ndid not have factories. They did not have nothing, so we were not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"taken. We were\nnot separated. But that was the only night that we got a soup that [had] flesh,\nmeat in it. Everybody got sick. We do not know what kind of a meat that was.\nThey started to talk that it was human flesh, but it probably was a horse, or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I\ndo not know what it was. Anyway, it was putrid. That was the only time. Then, it\nwas April first, Pesach. The zsido came in and they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said, \"The Germans ran away.\nEverybody should leave. If you cannot walk, somebody should help you. But in\nwar, the troops go back and forth, and when the Germans come back, everybody\nwill be killed.\" I had typhus then. I had [a] very high ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"temperature. I thought\nit was too late for me. I had -- A young girl was next to me. In situations like\nthat, you have a buddy. We were buddies. She did not leave me. She helped me. I\ncould not walk. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I collapsed. She took me -- There were -- How do you call it?\nSzalma [Hungarian: straw] -- How do you -- straw -- How do you call --\n\nEva: Haystacks.\n\nJohn: Haystacks?\n\nSari: Haystacks. I told you, when I am upset, I cannot think. There were\nhaystacks. I tried to bury myself in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"haystack because I had [a] very high\ntemperature. It was cold. I was shivering. It was miserable. This girl went to\nthe house and asked the peasant to give us some tea or something. She made tea.\nShe brought it out. She started to say that the Jews brought it on themselves.\nThe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews are the cause of the war and all the misery the people go through. I\nsaid, \"Why do you say that?\" She says, \"Well, there is proof. The Americans come\nand they bomb. They bomb the churches, but they don't bomb the synagogue. So, it\nis proof that the Jews were the cause of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"war.\" Then, the French prisoners of\nwar, they found us in this haystack. They took us to a deserted -- because the\npeople, they ran away. They went into the woods. They were hiding from the\nRussians. These French prisoners of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"war, they took us into a deserted house.\nThen, when the people came back, the French prisoners of war, they came and they\nmade arrangements with the people that we should get food every day. When you\nhave typhus, you have no saliva. You cannot -- I was in a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"condition where I\ncould not even get up to go to the toilet or anything. It was a horrible\ncondition. One night [or] one day, everybody disappeared. We did not get food or\nanything. I say 'we' because [unintelligible; 00:48:02] was -- ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stayed with me.\nThat girl stayed with me. We were together, the two of us. We wake up that\nsomebody is striking matches, lighting matches. It was Russian soldiers. Again,\nthe people from the village had disappeared because they were running away from\n-- They knew that the Russians were coming, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so there was nobody in the village.\nThey did not know what to what to make of us. Finally, he said, \"Yid?\" I said,\n\"Yid.\" There were two or three of them, but especially one was the one who cared\nso ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much. I understood that he wants to -- He asked me what we want. I [motioned]\nthat, \"I'm hungry. We're hungry.\" They went away and they came back with milk\nwarm from the cow. His hands were rough. It must have been a farmer or\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something. [He] kneeled down, and held it to my mouth, and he kept on saying,\n\"[unintelligible; 00:41:40], eat, eat.\" Then, [he] disappeared and came back\nwith preserves. All night long, [he] was coming and going. Then, finally, he\nbrought a Yid. He brought a Jew. He ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"spoke Yiddish. I could not speak Yiddish.\n[The Russian] kept [saying,] \"Yid. Yid,\" but we could not communicate. Finally,\nthey brought the army doctor. When he looked -- As I said, we had coats on and\neverything. He pushed up my coat sleeve. You saw pictures of the skeletons. We\nwere skeletons. His ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"face changed when he looked at us. They brought a man who\nwas a villager, who was a prisoner of war in Russia in the First World War. He\nspoke Russian and I spoke German, so we could communicate. The doctor asked if\nwe want to home ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or go to a hospital. I wanted to go home. I wanted to know what\nhappened to my child. They gave us a paper that obligated the villagers to give\nus transportation from village to village, and then the next village to the next\nvillage. That is how we got to the Hungarian ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"border. In Hungary, there were\nfreight trains. Somebody put us up on the freight train and you know how it is\nwith a freight train, sometimes it stays there for days and sometimes it goes.\nAnyway, that is how we got home. We got home May ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first [1945]. I did not want to\ngo -- There were people on the train and they asked where did I live before. Do\nyou know Peterfy Sandor Utca? I lived in Peterfy Sandor, right next to the\n[Royal Hungarian] Main Post Office, on Szent Erzsebet. At the corner of Szent\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Erzsebet, a church is there. I am mixing in Hungarian. I am sorry. Anyway, I\ntold her where I lived. She said, \"You are not going to find your family because\nthat building was bombed.\" I did not have the strength, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even, I was afraid\nto go home. Also, I was full of lice. I did not want to go home, so it was the\nhospital for contagious diseases. It was Szent Laszlo Korhaz [Hungarian: Saint\nLadislaus Hospital]. I do not remember the name of it. Anyway, that is where I\nwent and that was where -- ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A young man, as I was -- We were waiting to be\nadmitted. A young man brought in his mother. You see, people with lice, they\nwent home and they infected the healthy people. This mother got typhus from the\nlice. He brought the mother in to the hospital. We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"started to talk and he asked\nwhere did I live, where was I taken from. I gave the address. He went to the\nhouse, which was with the Jewish star, where I was taken from. The aunt--my\nhusband's aunt and uncle--lived there. In the meantime, there was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a young girl,\nwho was a neighbor of my mother-in-law, who was in concentration camp with me,\nand she saw me collapse. When she got home, she told everybody that I died. My\nmother did not hear it. They did not tell my mother. But anyway, they were\nsurprised that I am alive. This aunt went to tell my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mother where I am. When she\ncame to the hospital, she did not recognize me. I looked old and I was a\nskeleton. Anyway, so that is how I got home.\n\nJohn: What had happened to your daughter during all this time?\n\nSari: My daughter. My mother, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"she just did not feel up to it to bother with a\nsmall child. She was two years old. My mother-in-law -- That became a ghetto.\nThat whole area became a ghetto. My mother-in-law was not up to it either. I had\na sister-in-law who was a sister-in-law by marriage. It was not -- She took care\nof my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"daughter. She did not eat, but she gave the food to my daughter. She was\nthe one who saved her.\n\nJohn: What was her name, your sister-in-law?\n\nSari: My sister-in-law was Clary, Clara Weisz, my husband's brother's wife, so\nshe was Weisz also. She died ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in California. She came to America also. She died\nin California a couple of years ago.\n\nJohn: How did they survive that same period?\n\nSari: She was hiding, so she was not taken. But her husband was killed and my\nhusband's sister was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"killed. Clary survived.\n\nJohn: How did the locals respond when they saw you and the others return?\n\nSari: Everybody was -- Everybody told me how helpful they were to the Jews, how\ngood they were. My next door ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"neighbor came in. He needed the paper that he was\nnot a Nazi. You know, he did things also, but he came to me to give him a paper\nthat I know that he was not a Nazi. I just listened and did not say a word.\nWell, how the people there were -- My father, as I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said, he had a lady's coat\nand suit business, a tailoring business, and he had a man. He made a good tailor\nof him. After my father died, my mother kept him as a foreman, so he was\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"employed by my family for many years. He knew me since I was a small child. He\nwanted to have the business for himself. He started to sabotage. You know, a\nforeman -- did not prepare the work and everything, so it did not go so and\nbusiness was very bad. Then he came to me and he wanted to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have an increase in\nthe salary. I said, \"I cannot give you because after I pay everybody, I do not\nhave so much for overhead and for to live as much as I paid you. I cannot. If\nyou feel that you can do better, then we have to part.\" It went that long\nbecause my mother thought without him, the business will collapse, but that was\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the last straw, so this man did not work for me for many years. But when the\nGermans came in, he came to visit. Again, with a very straight face, he said,\n\"You people will be killed. I know your mother and you have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some jewelry. Why\nnot give it to me?\" I thought he came, that he had the house in the country,\nthat he might save my child, and that -- No, he wanted to have the jewelry. I\nsaid, \"I handed it in already.\" I did not, but I told him that. After the war,\nwhen I came back after ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everything, this man came to visit me again. I knew that\nhis son was in the Arrow Cross.\n\nJohn: -- Arrow Cross member.\n\nSari: Yes, the son was with the Arrow Cross. I knew that. He came after the war.\nHe came to visit. When the Russians came--of course, the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hungarians, they are\nmainly the Arrow Cross--they put up resistance. They were fighting and the son\nwas killed in the battle with the Russians. He came asking for sympathy--not in\nso many words, but he was crying that, 'I knew that boy since he was born,' and\n'his son, his son, his son --' He wanted me to feel sorry for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him. With a very\nstraight face, he could me, \"You people would be killed.\" That is how the people behaved.\n\nJohn: How did you decide what to do next?\n\nSari: I love people. After what -- all this, when I knew what people ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did, and\nthen they all acted so good afterwards, I could not trust anybody. I could not.\nI did not want to start a business again. I did not want to stay in Hungary. I\ncould not live with people I cannot trust, to look at them and [to know] at the\nback of my mind what they did, too. I did not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"want to build up the business.\nWhen I came back, I was still sick. I could not even work. The American Jews,\nthe Joint, they were wonderful. We got food. We got medical care. We got\neverything what we needed. They kept us alive. We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"got firewood, and coal, and\neverything what we needed. My daughter went to kindergarten. As a matter of\nfact, they had a little camp at the Balaton [Lake]. My daughter was there for a\nfew weeks. That was wonderful. Then, I started to sew. I did not have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"any\nemployees. As a matter of fact, my place was bombed. Only my workroom was\n[standing] and another, where I used to have the customers -- I had only these\ntwo rooms. There [were] many houses, many apartments were bombed. People were\nwithout homes, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so the one room was given to another couple. I would have only\none room. That was a work room I had. That is where I lived with my daughter. I\ncould not even start the business or anything, but I did not even want to. I did\nnot want to stay in Hungary. I wanted to get out for the first way, but\nobviously I was waiting for my husband. I did not know what happened to my\nhusband because, as I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said, I was not notified that he died; only that he was\nmissing in action. But by that time, I had a pretty good idea that he did not\nsurvive because nobody from his whole battalion ever came back. But I still did\nnot give up hope. I wanted to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"get out. Again, I have to go back, way back to\nadoption. I had a cousin. He was 20 years older than I am. He was my father's\nbrother's son. When my father ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"died--he died suddenly; my adoptive father died\nsuddenly--he was very good to me as a child, and always cared, and everything. I\ntrusted him. He was in America. He came to America. We got in touch. Supposedly,\nhe was in love with me when I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a young girl, when I was about 20. I was 16.\nHe came back to marry me. He came back to Hungary to marry me. But even before\nthat, he sent packages and --\n\nJohn: What was his name also?\n\nSari: Excuse me?\n\nJohn: His name?\n\nSari: His [name was] Moray, Dennis ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Moray. He came back in 1948 in the winter. We\ngot married and [he] adopted my daughter. The American Consul was at my--we\nmarried at the city hall--was at my wedding. I could ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"come to America on my\nhusband's right because he was a citizen, but even though he adopted my\ndaughter, I could not bring my daughter because she had to come on my right. I\ncame. I left in 1948, April. I left Hungary. The Consul promised that in a few\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"weeks, two or three months the most, she will be able to come. My daughter will\nbe about to come. But that is when the Berlin [Airlift] happened, that it looked\nlike America -- I mean, Russia blockaded Berlin. It looked like there will be\nwar between America and Russia. I was afraid that my child will be stuck ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there.\nIt was not just a few weeks. I came. I got to America in May and she came only\nthe next February. It was more than a half a year. It was exciting and very\nanxious times, but finally she was able to come. She was six years old then.\n\nRuth: Can ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you tell us about the sign that you --\n\nSari: Yes. She was six years old then. She started school in Hungary. I have\npictures of her of the first day of school with the school books on her back.\nYou know, the backpacks are -- Is it still so? That is how the children go in\nHungary? Yes. Anyway, she came to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"America all by herself. My husband's uncle had\na sign printed, a little sack printed. It says that, \"Ladies and gentlemen, I'm\ntraveling to my mother. Please help me as I'm still small.\" Her passport was in\nthere. In those ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"days, they did not have these big planes, especially in Hungary.\nThey had the small planes. She had to change planes. She traveled by herself and\nshe was sick on the plane. But, finally she was able to get here.\n\nJohn: How do you suppose it affected her to be separated from you twice at such\na young ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"age?\n\nSari: I think she does not even realize it, but it had an effect on her. It\ncannot be without it. But in a way, it is good luck. She remembers just the good\nthings. She does not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have bitter memories.\n\nJohn: What was it like arriving in America and getting used to the new country?\n\nSari: Excuse me?\n\nJohn: What was it like arriving here and --\n\nSari: For me?\n\nJohn: Yes.\n\nSari: I do not have to tell you that in Europe, especially those days, America\nwas ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an El Dorado. It was a heaven and when I got here, I felt like I am in\nheaven. I thought, 'In America, everybody is good.' I did not have that cloud\nover me that I cannot trust the people. It is interesting, too, to come to\na ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"country. A little episode: I spoke a few words in English, but I did not speak\nwell enough English. I went to the greengrocer to buy some groceries. I asked\nhim, \"How much?\" He told me. I understood the figures he said, but I looked at\nthe money and I did not know which one is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what. I gave him a certain amount of\ncoins. He shook his head. [He said], \"It is not enough,\" and gave me back a\ndime. [He said,] \"Not enough.\" So, I looked at the nickel, which is bigger, so\nthat should be more money. It is bigger. I gave that to him. He got so angry at\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me. He got so angry that I started to laugh. Then, he started to laugh, too.\nThen, I took out the money, and I held up my palm, and I told him, \"Take it.\" He\ntook it. These kind of episodes -- Now, if you have a sense of humor, you enjoy\nit. I enjoyed everything about it.\n\nJohn: How did you go about learning ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"English?\n\nSari: As I said, I did learn some English, but it is different. The accent is\ndifferent here and it was difficult.\n\nJohn: You were already 36 or 37?\n\nSari: No. Let me see. I came in 1948. I was 36, yes. I started to work. I was\nwith people who ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"spoke only English and I am an avid reader. I was reading a lot.\nI understood the reading because, as I said, I learned English in Hungary.\nPretty soon, I was able to communicate.\n\nJohn: In which city were you in?\n\nSari: Excuse me?\n\nJohn: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Which city?\n\nSari: I was in New York.\n\nJohn: How much involvement did you have with the Jewish part of New York?\n\nSari: So to speak, none.\n\nJohn: How much was Jewishness a part of your identity and in your life at that point?\n\nSari: I have to tell you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that that marriage did not work out too well. My\nhusband was jealous of my first husband because he was in love with me. Also, he\nhad a sister who kept on saying that I was just using him to get to America. My\nhusband was absolutely ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not Jewish minded. He did not even want people to know\nthat he is Jewish. The first summer, while I was working, I enrolled my daughter\nin a Jewish day school. They came from the temple where the day school was [and\nasked] if I wanted to enroll my daughter in Sunday school. My husband was very\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"angry, very upset. I could not really have a Jewish home, a Jewish upbringing\nfor my child.\n\nJohn: How long did that marriage go on?\n\nSari: Almost ten years ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because I so -- I experienced the good side of him. Also,\nI was grateful to him. But then finally, I just cannot take it anymore. I just\nhad to go. I had to leave. My daughter -- He was very bad to my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"daughter--very\nbad--because whenever he looked at her, she reminded him of I had a husband\nbefore. I just had to leave.\n\nJohn: Who were the other major people in your life by that point?\n\nSari: Say it again.\n\nJohn: Who are the other people in your life at that point? Were there other relatives?\n\nSari: There were other relatives, yes. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had on my mother's side a cousin here,\nand some friends, and the other cousin became my third husband. But that came\nmuch later. I had my mother come out. I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"working two or three jobs because I\ncovered all the expenses of the household because my husband threw up every bite\nmy child had, so I did not let him contribute to the household. I took care of\nall the expenses even while I was with my husband. I worked very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hard. On the\nweekend, to take care of the house, to take care of the child, take care of\neverything, I did not have much social life, but that is -- Years went by.\n\nJohn: During those early years, how much did your husband and the other people\naround you ask about your war experience?\n\nSari: Not in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"detail. They knew that we had to go to the Jewish House, and they\nknew that I was in concentration camp, and they knew that it was a ghetto in\nBudapest, but that was about all.\n\nJohn: Did you associate much with other survivors or other ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hungarian immigrants\nin New York?\n\nSari: Not really until in 1956. You know there was a Hungarian Revolution. Then,\na cousin of my first husband, Judy's second cousin, came out with her ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family.\nThey are in Florida now. We are in touch. Also, I had a niece, Judy's cousin, a\nniece from my first marriage. She -- I was actually instrumental in it. She went\nto Canada. Her parents were killed. She was a young girl. That was -- She was in\na very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sad situation. Again, through the Joint, orphans they brought to Canada.\nWe were told that she will be adopted in Canada. I thought, 'That poor child\nwill have a family.' I and my sister-in-law, Clary, who I mentioned before, the\ntwo of us took ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"steps, and we took her, and we were instrumental that she was\ntaken to Canada. It turned out that she was not adopted by a family. The Jewish\ncommunity adopted her. But she was all right. We were in touch with her. She got\nmarried. She has a beautiful ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=4830.0,4860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"life. She has two children--a daughter who is an\neye doctor and a son who is in computers--and they have children. They have [a]\nbeautiful life in Canada. We are in touch. Then in 1956, also, on my mother's\nside, the other cousin -- his two sisters came out and then a brother came ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"also.\nThey were survivors. One of the sisters was in [Auschwitz-Birkenau] and their\nmother was killed in [Auschwitz-Birkenau]. So these were the survivors I -- and\nalso a friend. She was a survivor, but she was not in concentration camp. She\nwas hiding ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in -- Let me see. I think she was in concentration camp. I do not\nremember. Anyway, there were some Hungarians I --\n\nJohn: How was American culture and American people different than what you had\nknown in Hungary?\n\nSari: It is different. I remember I went down, we went out for lunch with\ncoworkers, with the girls. In Europe, you have the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fork in your left hand, and\nthe knife in your right hand, and you eat with both the fork and the knife. When\nI was eating, they were looking at me [sighing]. I said, \"What?\" [They said,]\n\"You don't eat that way.\" I said, \"What's wrong?\" I never knew there was\nsomething wrong with my table manners. They ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said, \"No, you have to put down the\nknife. Take the fork from your left hand into the right hand and that's how you\neat. That's how you supposed to eat.\" These kind of things. Also, I had my\nwedding band on my right hand because in Europe, we wear -- We get engaged, we\nhave the wedding band on the left hand. Then, we get married, we put it on the\nright hand. Everybody asked me, \"Why do you have your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=4980.0,5010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wedding band on your right\nhand? \"I said, \"Because I am married.\" [They asked,] \"But why do you have it on\nyour right hand?\" I could not understand it. Finally, they explained it to me\nand then I wear it on my left hand. These little things, but otherwise, culture\nis -- The whole world is one city. [unintelligible; 01:24:01]\n\nJohn: What ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were the attitudes about Jewish people when you came here? How was\nthat any different?\n\nSari: As I told you, I did not really -- I was not really too much with Jewish people.\n\nJohn: But, I mean, did the other people know you were Jewish?\n\nSari: Yes, they knew I was Jewish.\n\nJohn: Was there any attitude or anything about that?\n\nSari: No, absolutely none.\n\nJohn: So that was quite different from Hungary.\n\nSari: No, there was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=5040.0,5070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no attitude, nothing.\n\nJohn: Then, continue. You got divorced after about ten years?\n\nSari: No, I separated.\n\nJohn: You got separated?\n\nSari: I did not get divorced until --\n\nJohn: That was the late fifties?\n\nSari: That was in 1957. I came in 1948. I got married in 1948 and I left in 1957\nafter the school year ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ended. We had a house. I paid the mortgage all these years\nand I left it there.\n\nI came out with nothing. So, then --\n\nJohn: Were you able to continue any education specifically?\n\nSari: My ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=5100.0,5130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"education? I went to school. I went to the Queen's College to correct\nmy accent. It was a waste of time.\n\nJohn: Obviously.\n\nSari: I tried to. I could not. I cannot lose my accent. No, but after I -- In\nNew York -- Years ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"later, when -- I lived on Long Island before my daughter got\nmarried. Then, after she got married, I moved to Manhattan. Then, I enrolled in\nthe New School in Manhattan, in New York. I took some courses. Then, my mother\ngot sick and I could not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=5160.0,5190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go. But after I retired, I took [courses] for several\nyears. In Florida, I went to the University of South Florida. I used to live in\nSt. Petersburg [Florida]. They have a campus there and I was auditing. I was\nauditing for over ten years. I took several courses and I enjoyed ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=5190.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it.\n\nJohn: If the war had not interrupted your life, what would you have done, or\nwhat did you want to do?\n\nSari: What did I want to do? I did not have much choice. I had to earn a living\nfor my mother and myself. I did not have much choice. I had to work.\n\nJohn: Was there any particular career or direction you would have wanted?\n\nSari: I wanted to be a teacher, but as a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=5220.0,5250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish -- A Jew could not be a teacher,\ncould not get a job as a teacher. My mother was very wise in that. This is the\ntwo things they can never get a take away from you, wherever fate will take you,\nis education and skill. That is what I got: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=5250.0,5280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"education and skill.\n\nJohn: Were you aware of raising your daughter with any particular values or messages?\n\nSari: As I said, my husband did not even want anybody to know that that\nhappened. We lived on Long Island in [the neighborhood of] Laurelton. I had a\nneighbor, actually they were [of] Hungarian descent. They had a little boy the\nsame ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=5280.0,5310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"age as my daughter. That little boy went to Sunday school and I wanted my\ndaughter to go, too. She went. She said that, \"We were talking about to light\nFriday night candles.\" I said, \"Honey, by the time I come home,\" because it was\nvery late by the time I got home, \"by the time I come home, it is too ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=5310.0,5340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"late,\nbecause you have to light the candles at sundown.\" She says, \"I will light the\ncandle and when you come home, we'll pray over it.\" I said, \"That's a good\nidea.\" I came home. I had a woman come in just to babysit for her, so it was not\nthat she was alone in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=5340.0,5370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"house. I come home. I just tried to put the key in the\ndoor, when my husband opens the door. He starts to yell, and shout, and\neverything, \"This child! This child! This and this child,\" this and that, and\neverything. I said, \"What happened? What's going on? What happened?\" [He said,]\n\"She's going to burn down the house! She was lighting ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=5370.0,5400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"candles.\" I said, \"I know\nabout it. I told her she can. [He said,] \"Because you let her do anything and\neverything!\" I said, \"Where is she?\" [He said,] \"She ran away.\" It was winter.\nIt was dark. We were new in the neighborhood. I did not know anybody and I do\nnot know where my child is. I was running from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=5400.0,5430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everywhere. I knew that one girl\nwent to school with her, so I went there, and [asked], \"Did you see her?\" She\nsaid, \"No.\" The mother said, \"Well, look, it is dark and we do not know what\nhappened. Let's call the police.\" She called the police. There was a lot of\ncommotion, so the next door ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=5430.0,5460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"neighbor opened up the door, [and asked,] \"What's\ngoing on?\" It turned out that my daughter was in the next door neighbor's house.\nThey had two girls there, two daughters and everything. She ran away. She did\nnot want to be at home. I could not have a Jewish atmosphere. I could not. Also,\nwhen we went through ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=5460.0,5490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all this, I felt I do not want to bring her up with\nprejudices. I tried not to instill any prejudice in her. And what happened? She\nmarried a non-Jew and she married another non-Jew after she divorced the first\none. So, my grandchildren are not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=5490.0,5520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish. They say that, \"If the mother is\nJewish, then we are Jewish.\" That is how it is. They blame me that I did not\nteach them, but they lived a couple doors -- I was in New York and they lived in\nFlorida, a couple of doors [down] from their other grandmother. I did not want\nto confuse the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=5520.0,5550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children. I did many things, which, I do not know, probably I\nshould have done different, but that is how it was.\n\nJohn: After you separated, what was the next phase of your life?\n\nSari: I separated in 1957 and I was alone. My daughter got married when she was\n18. I did not want her to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=5550.0,5580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"marry that boy. She said, \"Well, Mom, I will be 18. I\ncan.\" Then, I would -- Just, if I objected too much, I would lose her. She\nmarried. I worked. I was a pattern maker. When I came here, I had job ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=5580.0,5610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as\npatternmaker. Then, I got a job with Parsons School of Design. I do not know if\nyou know it, but it is a very famous design school. I was teaching there and\nPratt Institute in Brooklyn. I was very busy, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=5610.0,5640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I read a lot and I tried to make\nthe best of my life, but I was alone. After my mother died -- That is -- Again,\nit is a story. Anyway, I told you that I was adopted. When ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=5640.0,5670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my -- I was about\nthree and a half years old, my mother took me to her cousin's. There were three\nboys. She had three boys. And the oldest boy -- They were all [saying,] \"Oh, a\nlittle girl!\" They were all excited and [said,] \"A new cousin!\" The oldest boy\nstarted to stroke my hair. My mother said, \"You like her?\" He ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=5670.0,5700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said, \"Yes.\" My\nmother said, \"If you grow up to be a good boy, I will let you marry her.\" He was\nmy third husband. He never married. I was his first wife, his only wife. He was\na bachelor. He was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=5700.0,5730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"man. His heart was gold. He sent money for the family in\nHungary and then he brought them here. After my mother died, my daughter was\nmarried. I was alone.\n\nJohn: And his name?\n\nSari: Morton Klein. I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=5730.0,5760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"alone. And his sister was not married, never married,\nlived with him. But then, she decided to go to the other sister in Israel, to\nmove to Israel. Then he proposed to me, but I was not divorced. I was separated,\nso I had to get a divorce. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=5760.0,5790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then, we got married. Those were the only happy years\nin my life. It was too short. He died too soon. He died in 1979. We got married\nin 1971. Those years were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=5790.0,5820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"heaven.\n\nJohn: Was this still in New York or had you moved to Atlanta?\n\nSari: We moved. We got married. He lived in New Jersey. We got married there and\nwe moved to Florida. We lived in Deerfield Beach [Florida]. When he died, my\ndaughter lived in St. Petersburg. She said, \"Mom, move closer.\" I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=5820.0,5850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"moved to St.\nPetersburg. Then, she was transferred to Atlanta and that -- I had a wonderful\nlife in St. Petersburg. I had wonderful friends and then I got involved with\nJudaism, with Jewish friends and with Judaism. I had a non-Jewish friends, too.\nI did not make any difference. We are very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=5850.0,5880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"close friends. Then, I went to\nschool. Then, I got very old and I moved here. That is the story.\n\nJohn: How do you suppose the war experience in particular affected ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=5880.0,5910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you afterwards?\n\nSari: What?\n\nJohn: The period itself, that extreme period --\n\nSari: I was very depressed in Hungary. As I told you, I could not trust anybody.\nBut in America, I pushed it all on the back of my mind. It happened, I survived,\nand this is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=5910.0,5940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"now. Now, it hurts me more. Now, it hurts.\n\nEva: Why? Why now?\n\nSari: Because -- I do not know. I thought -- No. Okay, let me get hold of\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=5940.0,5970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"myself. I thought after the war all the world will be better. When Israel became\nIsrael, I thought that this was the price we had to pay and I felt it was worth\nit. It is a better world coming. It is a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=5970.0,6000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"better life comes. But the trouble is\nstill terrible in Israel. [It is] a terrible disappointment and the world is not\nbetter. There is still so much hate and everything. That is why hurts more. It\nwas for nothing.\n\nJohn: What types of images, and feelings, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=6000.0,6030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"memories do you still carry with you?\n\nSari: I do not have images. The memories -- As I told you, the memories hurt. I\ndo not know. Sometimes I am ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=6030.0,6060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"guilty. I feel guilty that in those terrible years,\nwhen I saw so clearly what was going on, that I brought a child to the world. It\nwas selfish. Again, I have to tell you a little ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=6060.0,6090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"episode. I was misdiagnosed by a\ndoctor. She gave me the medication, which I got into a shock. I was at her\noffice and she did not let me go home. She called my daughter to come and pick\nme up. As we were driving home, she was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=6090.0,6120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very worried. I turned to her and I\nsaid, \"Well, do you know what I'm thinking?\" She says, \"What?\" [I said,] \"I'm\nthinking, what would I do now if I would have remained a virgin?\" Her face\nchanged. She looked at me. She says, \"Mom, you come up with the craziest\nthings!\" She started to laugh, and I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=6120.0,6150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"laughed, and then I felt better. Anyway,\nshe told this to her children a few days later and they were all laughing. They\nknow I am a kook. They are laughing and teasing me. Then, my youngest\ngranddaughter turns to me and she says, \"But, Grandma, you wouldn't have me. I\nwouldn't be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=6150.0,6180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here.\" So, probably it had to be that way. I do not know.\n\nJohn: Had you considered having other children back in the fifties?\n\nSari: I never got pregnant again.\n\nJohn: What were the personal qualities do you suppose that got you through that?\n\nSari: Say it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=6180.0,6210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"again.\n\nJohn: What were the personal qualities or attitudes in you that got you through\nthat year?\n\nSari: What -- I was always a reader. I read a book. I think it was H.G. Wells. I\nam not sure. I do not remember too much about the book, but it said something.\nTo survive, it means to be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=6210.0,6240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"victorious. To survive is a victory. That was in my\nmind. Also, I had a child. I had to survive. There was another thing in me. When\nall these terrible things that people -- when they talked to me that way, \"You\nhave to die,\" and everything what they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=6240.0,6270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said. I knew I could not do it. I felt\nsuperior. I had moral strength and that helped me survive.\n\nJohn: Have you been back to Europe since the war?\n\nSari: Yes. I told my husband that I want to say goodbye to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=6270.0,6300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everywhere and\neverything. I wanted to go to my father's grave. As I told you, it was beautiful\nto grow up there. I had beautiful memories. I wanted to go back once. So, we\nwent back together, and we had a very nice time [for] a few days, and that is\nall. I went to Europe. I went to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=6300.0,6330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Italy, but that had nothing to do with the war\nyears and nothing to do with the bad memories or anything.\n\nRuth: Maybe we will --\n\nJohn: Can you introduce your daughter, please?\n\nSari: This is my only child. She is Eva Judith. She was born Eva Judith Weisz.\nShe is a child of my first ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=6330.0,6360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"husband. She came to America, as I mentioned, by\nherself at the age of six years. She -- When she came to America, she knew two\nwords English: one was 'dog;' the other one was 'cat.' She started school at the\nmiddle of the year. She came in January or February?\n\nEva: January, the end of January.\n\nSari: At the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=6360.0,6390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"end of the school year, she was the best speller. One day, we were\nriding on a bus and she was reading the advertisements. There was an\nadvertisement. I was reading and she corrected me. I tried to say it the way she\nsaid it. Again, she corrected me again. Again, I tried it. Finally, she said,\n\"You will ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=6390.0,6420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"never get it.\"\n\nEva: And I am still trying to correct her.\n\nSari: She was right. I never got it.\n\nJohn: What is it like for you to hear these stories of your past?\n\nEva: Some of them, I guess we did not talk about it all that much when I was\ngrowing up. Then, later we talked about it. I am not sure that I have heard all\nthat my mother has to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=6420.0,6450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tell. Things come out at various times. My kids started\nasking her, \"Grandma, what -- What happened here,\" or, \"What was it like for you\nthis time and that time?\" So, the kids are getting to know the stories, too, and\nsome of them I am hearing for the first time.\n\nJohn: What does it mean to you that your mom--and you, too--survived all that?\nHow do you suppose you are different ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=6450.0,6480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than anybody else?\n\nEva: I am not sure how we are different. There [are] a lot of survivors out\nthere. I have to say that, through various extremely difficult times in my life,\nwhen I was very down, I would think, 'Well, if my mother could survive the\nconcentration camp, I can survive ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=6480.0,6510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this.'\n\nSari: So it gave you strength?\n\nEva: [Yes.]\n\nSari: Good. She got the positive out of it. When I ask her about her childhood,\nas I told you, she had -- My husband was not very good to her. She had a\ndifficult childhood. She remembers only the good. She does not -- She has no --\n\nEva: I guess I blocked out what I did not want to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=6510.0,6540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"remember.\n\nSari: Yes.\n\nJohn: How do you feel about the Hungarian part of your past?\n\nEva: I am proud to be Hungarian. I am proud to be a Jew. I am proud to be an\nAmerican. I feel like I can be all three.\n\nSari: She was back in Hungary. She has a cousin there and she went back when my\nhusband died. She left her money.\n\nEva: In May ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=6540.0,6570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of 1980 was the first time I had been back since I left in 1949. My\ncousin in Canada was there at the same time, so it was a reunion of the three\ngirls who survived.\n\nSari: Three cousins.\n\nEva: It was funny because we were walking in one area of Budapest--Martha, my\ncousin from Canada, and I had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=6570.0,6600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gone shopping--and all of a sudden, I had this\nstrange sense of deja vu. I turned around and I said, \"Wasn't that where we used\nto live?\" Martha, who was older than I am and has been there many times,\nremembered. That was right and it was just such a strange feeling.\n\nJohn: Had you ever gone back to that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=6600.0,6630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"factory or the campsite where you were?\n\nSari: No.\n\nJohn: I wonder what that would be like for you.\n\nSari: That was in Austria.\n\nJohn: Right.\n\nSari: That was in Austria. No, and I would not. I went only one place in Israel,\nYad Vashem. I had to turn out. It was a horrible feeling, \"Now, I have to get\nout.\" I do not go to Holocaust ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=6630.0,6660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"museums. I do not go to see any of the pictures.\nI do not read any of the books about it. As I told you, it hurts me more now. I\ncannot take it.\n\nJohn: How do you feel about the Jewish part of your past not being encouraged\nmuch in the earlier years, as your mother explained?\n\nEva: I guess I can understand ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=6660.0,6690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the reasons, but at the same time, I kind of see\nwhat my family has done, and everything, and I kind of miss that.\n\nJohn: How do you suppose that whole war experience has affected your\nrelationships with people, and your values, and your expectations, and so on?\n\nEva: To be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=6690.0,6720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"honest, I am not sure how to answer that.\n\nJohn: I know that for second generation people, that whole concentration camp\nimagery is always a reference point and a lot of things go back to that.\n\nEva: Not having been in that position, you know, I cannot go with that.\n\nSari: Let me tell you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=6720.0,6750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that. We never lived our life as Holocaust survivors. It\nwas part of our life, but it was behind us. We never dwelled on it. As my\ndaughter says, I never talked about it.\n\nJohn: Have you had any kind of religious belief or any ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=6750.0,6780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"larger belief that puts\nit into perspective for you or gives it any meaning? Does it have any meaning\nfor you?\n\nSari: For me, I told you the meaning. What meaning I felt, what I hoped for --\n\nJohn: For Israel?\n\nSari: -- did not materialize. I had disappointment. That is what hurts.\n\nRuth: Eva, do you remember anything ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=6780.0,6810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about coming over to America? What happened\nwhen you hit school in the middle of the year? Here, you were a kid who did not\nspeak any English. The trip over or anything?\n\nEva: I remember vaguely the trip. I remember. I think it was a smaller plane\nfrom Budapest to --\n\nSari: Copenhagen [Denmark], I think.\n\nEva: Copenhagen. Somewhere, we changed planes and got on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=6810.0,6840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the --\n\nSari: Bigger plane.\n\nEva: -- larger overseas flight. I remember doing that. Was that not where I got\nthat little silver cup?\n\nSari: Yes.\n\nEva: Some relative or friend of the family met me there and gave me this little\nsilver cup that I have. I cannot say I remember this because my mother has told\nme, so I am sure it is a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=6840.0,6870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"memory that has been planted. Because after all the\nlong trip, I was tired. I told my mother that I did not know it was so far. She\nsaid, \"You mean from Budapest?\" I said, \"No, from the airport, the taxi ride\nfrom the airport.\"\n\nSari: That is what she found [too far]. She was crying because in the building\nwhere we lived, there was a little ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=6870.0,6900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dog. She was always crazy for animals. There\nwas a little dog. In the cab, she started to cry. I said, \"Why are you crying?\"\nShe says, \"I will never see that dog again.\" That is what she was crying about.\n\nEva: As for school, I guess I had it luckier than many because there was a\nteacher in my school who spoke Hungarian, Mrs. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=6900.0,6930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Fodor. I would be sent to her to\ntranslate sometimes. But I guess I picked up the language pretty quickly. I\nstill keep in contact with a friend that I made back then in first grade.\n\nJohn: The same question I asked your mom: Do you have any sense of how those two\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=6930.0,6960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"separations from her when you were small, if that has affected you in any way or\nif it colored your world in any way?\n\nEva: I do not know that it did. I cannot really recall that.\n\nJohn: I was just wondering.\n\nSari: She loved people just like -- She made friends easily. She ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=6960.0,6990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"adapted.\n\nJohn: Is there anything that you maybe want to ask your mom? Is there anything\nabout that whole history that you do not know or that you would still like to\nunderstand better?\n\nEva: I guess most of the story has come out, but I always wanted to know: with\nall the things that I have seen, and I have read, and I have heard, and knowing\nwhat my family and others have gone ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=6990.0,7020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through -- You gave me several jewelry\npieces. You have some jewelry pieces, and the pictures, and everything. It\nalways amazed me how you managed to hang on to these things.\n\nSari: I thought -- I was naive. They were little jewelry pieces what we had, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=7020.0,7050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we\ndid not have too much jewelry. What we had [was] she had some stuffed toys. I\nwas sewing it in the stuffed [toy] because I said, \"Who would take a toy from a\nchild?\" That is what. That is how naive I was. That is how I was able to get it.\nAnd the pictures -- The house was bombed, but the pictures somehow survived.\n\nRuth: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=7050.0,7080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/transcript/59236/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They are here to tell a story, just like you are here to tell a story.\n\nSari: What?\n\nRuth: Your pictures are here to tell a story, just like you are here to tell a story.\n\nSari: There were many pictures which did not survive, but there is enough story\nin the pictures.\n\nJohn: Thank you both for going through this. I know it was painful for you.\n\nRuth: Thank you.\n\nEva: Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=7080.0,7110.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/annotation_set/1161","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/annotation_set/1161/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSurduc [Hungarian: Szurduk] is a commune of seven villages in the Maramaros district of northeast Romania. It is 200 miles (322 kilometers) east of Budapest, Hungary. Prior to the Holocaust, the community had a significant Jewish community—almost 30 percent were Jewish in 1930. In May 1944, they were deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/annotation_set/1161/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOne of the peace treaties that ended World War I was the Treaty of Trianon. It was concluded between Hungary and the Allied and Associated Powers on June 4, 1920. Hungary lost at least two-thirds of its territory, including the area where Sari was born. During World War II, Hungary annexed the area. Following the war, it became part of Romania.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/annotation_set/1161/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBudapest is the capital of Hungary. On the eve of war, the Jewish population was about 200,000. In 1941, the Jewish population of the city was 184,453 (15.8 percent). Jews lived throughout the city, but their proportion was much higher on the Pest side (18.9 percent) of the Danube River than on the Buda side (6.1 percent). Within Pest, Jews were especially prevalent in the central districts of the city.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/annotation_set/1161/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAntisemitism is prejudice against, hostility to, or hatred of Jews. In the period between World War I and World War II, Hungarian Jews were violently persecuted. Anti-Jewish legislation began in 1920, when Hungary had passed one of the first antisemitic laws in Europe, a numerus clausus. Persecution continued in the 1930s with a series of “Jewish Laws” that restricted the number of Jews in universities, liberal professions, administration, and commerce. Hungarian racial laws passed between 1938 and 1941 were modeled on Germany’s Nuremberg Laws. The new laws reversed the equal citizenship granted to Jews in Hungary in 1867. Among other provisions, the laws defined “Jews” in so-called racial terms, forbade intermarriage between Jews and non-Jews, and excluded Jews from full participation in various professions. The laws also barred employment of Jews in the civil service and restricted their opportunities in economic life. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/annotation_set/1161/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 1920, Hungary’s National Assembly enacted a \u003cem\u003enumerus clausus\u003c/em\u003e [Latin: closed term] that placed a ceiling of six percent on the number of Jewish students allowed in institutes of higher education. \u003cem\u003eNumerus clausus \u003c/em\u003erefers to fixed quotas that limited Jewish admission to certain professions, public offices, or educational institutes. In general, \u003cem\u003enumerus clausus\u003c/em\u003e policies were religious or racial quotas used to discriminate against Jews. Such policies were not unique to the Holocaust, but gained favor in the inter-war period leading up to the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/annotation_set/1161/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II officially began in Europe when Germany invaded Poland on Friday, September 1, 1939. Britain and France responded by declaring war on Germany on September 3. Within a month, Poland was defeated by a combination of German and Soviet forces and was partitioned between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. Germany attacked western Europe on May 10, 1940. On April 9, 1940, Denmark was occupied by Germany. Belgium and the Netherlands surrendered in May and France signed an armistice agreement on June 22, 1940.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/annotation_set/1161/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eZionism is a movement which supports a Jewish national state in the territory defined as the Land of Israel. Although Zionism existed before the nineteenth century, in the 1890s Theodor Herzl popularized it and gave it a new urgency, as he believed that Jewish life in Europe was threatened and a State of Israel was needed. The State of Israel was established in 1948 and Zionism today is expressed as support for the continued existence of Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/annotation_set/1161/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFrom spring 1942 until the summer 1944, a large percentage of Jewish Labor Service draftees (some 45,000 out of about 100,000) were sent with the Hungarian Second Army to the occupied territories of the Soviet Union. At the time Sari’s husband was taken, Hungarian troops had pushed east through Ukraine into southern Russia alongside German troops. Hungarian troops participated in the Battle of Stalingrad (August 1942-February 1943) and in the Battle of Voronezh (January-February 1943). In both battles, Hungary suffered tremendous causalities. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/annotation_set/1161/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 1939, the Hungarian government, having forbidden Jews to serve in the armed forces, established a forced-labor service for young men of arms-bearing age. By 1940, the obligation to perform forced labor was extended to all able-bodied male Jews. After Hungary entered the war in April 1941, the forced laborers, organized in labor battalions under the command of Hungarian military officers, were deployed on war-related construction work, often under brutal conditions. They worked clearing trees, laying railroad track and fixing broken track, digging defensive ditches and anti-tank trenches, clearing minefields, and the like. The Jews worked in these battalions both within Hungary and beyond her borders, on the Ukrainian and Serbian fronts, until the Germans conquered Hungary in March 1944. Rampant antisemitism among non-Jewish Hungarian officers and soldierscombined with brutal conditions and made forced labor for Jews lethal for the great majority. Subjected to extreme cold, without adequate shelter, food, or medical care, an estimated 80 percent of Hungarian Jewish forced laborers fell prey to battle, disease, Soviet captivity and murder at the hands of Hungarian soldiers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/annotation_set/1161/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePressured by domestic radical nationalists and fascists, the Hungarian government began to build an alliance with Nazi Germany soon after Hitler came to power in 1933. In November 1940, Hungary officially aligned itself with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. Hungarian troops participated alongside German troops in the 1941 invasions of Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union, but Germany did not directly control the internal activities of Hungary until 1944. Hungarian units suffered tremendous losses during the German defeat at Stalingrad on the eastern front in 1942–1943. When it became clear that the Nazis would not emerge from the war victorious, the Hungarian government attempted to pull out of the alliance with Germany, and sought an armistice with the Allies. To prevent these efforts, German forces invaded and occupied Hungary on March 19, 1944. The Nazis set up a new government loyal to Germany.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/annotation_set/1161/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlthough Hungary had initially been resistant to mass deportations of its Jewish population, after the German occupation in March 1944, Hungarian authorities complied. In coordination with the German Security Police, police, gendarmerie, and local administrators began to systematically roundup and concentrate the Hungarian Jews in ghettos before forcing them onto the deportation trains. With the deportations from Hungary, the role of Auschwitz-Birkenau as an instrument of the German plan to murder the Jews of Europe achieved its highest effectiveness. Between late April and early July 1944, approximately 440,000 Hungarian Jews were deported in more than 145 trains, around 426,000 of them to Auschwitz-Birkenau. Under the guidance of German SS officials, the Hungarian police carried out the roundups and forced the Jews onto the deportation trains. The SS sent approximately 320,000 of them directly to the gas chambers in Auschwitz-Birkenau, and deployed approximately 110,000 to forced labor in the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp complex. Thousands were also sent to the border with Austria to be deployed at digging fortification trenches. During this period as many as 8,000 Hungarian Jews were murdered on a daily basis. The crematoria were unable to keep up and open-air pits were used.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/annotation_set/1161/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMarch 15 is a national holiday in Hungary that commemorates the start of the Revolution of 1848. It is also known as Revolution and Independence Day. Today, it symbolizes national independence and democracy.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/annotation_set/1161/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe relocations of Jews in Budapest first came about when Jewish-owned apartments were seized for use by non-Jewish families made homeless by Allied bombing of the city in early April 1944. These Jewish families were often rehoused in locations intended to be in close proximity to strategically important sites such as factories, railway stations and government offices that were targets of Allied bombing. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/annotation_set/1161/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA mass registration of Budapest’s inhabitants was undertaken on June 1-2, 1944 that identified which properties were owned by Jews and where the majority lived. On June 16, the mayor of Budapest issued a decree that marked out 1,948 apartment buildings in the city into which 220,000 Jews were obliged to move into by June 21. These properties were marked on the exterior with a large yellow star on a black background. The network of “yellow star houses” was unique because, unlike a ghetto, they were spread throughout the city. Every passer-by could see precisely who the persecuted Jews were and where they lived. They served the same purpose as a ghetto, however—to consolidate Jews in preparation for deportation. Many of the houses were already occupied with other Jewish families; others were empty flats. In some cases, as many as 25 people were crammed into a single home. Budapest’s Jews lived in the yellow star houses until late November 1944, when many were moved into a newly designated ghetto in the city’s VII district.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/annotation_set/1161/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Magen David [Hebrew: Shield of David], or as it is more commonly known, the Star of David, is the symbol most commonly associated with Judaism today. During the Holocaust, the symbol was used by the Nazis to identify and isolate Jews. In September 1941, Joseph Goebbels, the Nazi Propaganda Minister, issued a law requiring Jews over the age of six to wear a yellow Jewish star, or Magen David, on their outer garments. The star had the word “Jude” [German: Jew] written on it. The following year, Jews in lands under German control were also forced to wear the Star. The design of the badge varied from region to region. In Hungary, the badge was made of yellow cloth cut in the shape of a Star of David with no outline and no writing. The German government’s policy of forcing Jews to wear identifying badges was but one of many psychological tactics aimed at isolating and dehumanizing the Jews of Europe, directly marking them as being different (i.e., inferior) to everyone else. It allowed for the easier facilitation of their separation from society and subsequent ghettoization, which ultimately led to their deportation and murder. Those who failed or refused to wear the badge risked severe punishment, including death. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/annotation_set/1161/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHungary was under heavy bombardment by American, British and Soviet forces in World War II, with Budapest carpet-bombed on 37 occasions. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/annotation_set/1161/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe North African Campaign occurred between 1940-1943. It was a series of battles fought for the control North African and specifically the Suez Canal. The Suez Canal was an important transportation waterway of the British Colonies and the oil reserves of the Middle East. The campaigns were fought in the Libyan and Egyptian Deserts and in Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia. American forces joined the other Allied forces in the campaign in May 1942 after entering the war in December 1941. The Allies were ultimately victorious in the North African campaign.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/annotation_set/1161/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn June 5, 1944, Jews in Budapest were restricted to shop between 11 am and 1 pm. Their access to other places in the city—a limited number of cafes, bars, restaurants, bathhouses, and cinemas—was also reduced to set days and times. Jews were instructed not to leave their homes at all between 11 am and 5pm. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/annotation_set/1161/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn early July 1944, Regent Miklos Horthy, the puppet leader of Hungary, called off the deportations of Hungarian Jews before the Budapest Jews could be deported. The Jews of Budapest lived in relative safety until the fiercely antisemitic Hungarian fascist Arrow Cross party seized power with the help of the Germans on October 15, 1944. On November 8, 1944, the Hungarians concentrated more than 70,000 Jews—including children and mostly middle-aged and elderly women and men—in the Nagybatony-Ujlaki brickyards in Obuda, a district of Budapest. Crammed into sheds without even rudimentary facilities, the deportees were guarded by Arrow Cross militiamen. From there, they were sent on a forced march to Austria. Thousands were shot and thousands more died as a result of starvation or exposure to the bitter cold. When they reached Austria in late December, the Germans took the surviving Jews to various concentration camps.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/annotation_set/1161/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Arrow Cross party [Hungarian: Nyilaskeresztes Párt-Hungarista Mozgalom] was the most extreme of the Hungarian fascist movements in the 1930s. It consisted of several groups but is most commonly associated with the faction organized by Ferenc Szalasi in 1938. It was modeled specifically on the National Socialist party (Nazis) in Germany and was extremely antisemitic. It had begun to lose support by 1941, but its fortunes rose in March 1944 when Szalasi and the Arrow Cross party was installed by the Germans as a puppet government, although Admiral Horthy was still regent and nominally in charge. In October 1944, Horthy was deposed and arrested and the Arrow Cross assumed the total rule of the country. The Arrow Cross government enforced a regime of terror on all Hungarians, although Jews suffered most heavily. The Arrow Cross was responsible for the deportation and death of an estimated 440,000 Hungarian Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/annotation_set/1161/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFollowing the German occupation of Hungary in March 1944, Hungarian and German authorities charged local forces of Gendarmerie with carrying out the regime's anti-Jewish policies. A Gendarmerie (sometimes also Gendarmes) is a military body charged with police duties among the civilian population. The term gendarme is derived from the medieval French expression \u003cem\u003egens d'armes\u003c/em\u003e, which translates to \"armed people\". The Hungarian Gendarmerie was a police force whose job was to maintain law and order in the Hungarian countryside. At the time of the deportations of Hungarian Jewry in 1944, it consisted of 3,000-5,000 policemen who were divided into 10 districts with one or two districts assigned to each of the country’s six zones. Under the guidance of German SS officials, the Gendarmerie carried out the roundups, forced the Jews in ghettos and later onto deportation trains. As Jews were forbidden from leaving the ghettos, Gendarmerie guarded the perimeters. Gendarmes had a reputation for brutality. Individual gendarmes often tortured Jews and extorted personal valuables from them.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/annotation_set/1161/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLichtenwoerth [German: Lichtenwörth] was a small subcamp of Mauthausen located in southeastern Austria. In December 1944, a transport of around 2,500 Hungarian Jews—mostly women—arrived in Lichtenwoerth. They were housed in a former factory building and briefly put to work in Weiner Neustadt, a town one mile away. Conditions were brutal in the short lived camp. Food, clothing and sanitation were inadequate and many prisoners developed typhus. In the spring of 1946, 232 victims of Lichtenwoerth were exhumed from a mass grave and reburied in Hungary. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/annotation_set/1161/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBy the time France signed an armistice in June 1940, it is estimated at least one million French soldiers had been taken prisoner by Germany. After a brief period of captivity in France, most of the prisoners were deported to within the Third Reich. Some were imprisoned in camps, but the majority were transferred to work details, working in German factories and mines and as agricultural laborers. These prisoners were given a wider measure of freedom than those in camps and were often left unguarded.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/annotation_set/1161/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTo assist in managing large communities of Jews in occupied areas, German authorities installed a hierarchy of Jewish administrative units under their control. A \u003cem\u003eJudischer Ordnungsdienst\u003c/em\u003e [German: Jewish security service], was established to keep order and often were responsible for rounding up Jews selected for forced labor or deportation. They were often referred to as the “Jewish Police.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/annotation_set/1161/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJosef Mengele (1911-1979) was a German SS officer and physician during World War II. He was notorious for being one of the physicians who sorted newly arrived prisoners on the ramp at Auschwitz-Birkenau, picking out those he wanted for his medical experiments—especially twins—thus earning him the nickname the “Angel of Death.” Many survivors recall being selected by Mengele, but caution should be used because Mengele only arrived in Auschwitz-Birkenau on May 24, 1943. He fled the camp before the Russians arrived and turned up in Gross-Rosen for a while and a few others camps until he assumed the guise of a Wehrmacht soldier and tried to flee west undetected. However, the Americans, who did not know who he was or what he had done, captured him. He was released in June 1945 under the name “Fritz Hollman.” From July 1945 until May 1949 he worked on a farm in Bavaria and then fled to Argentina. He moved through several countries in South America, always being pursued to be brought to justice. He died in Brazil on February 7, 1979.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/annotation_set/1161/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePesach \u003c/em\u003e[Hebrew: Passover] is the celebration of Israel’s liberation from Egyptian bondage. The holiday lasts for eight days. Unleavened bread, matzo, is eaten in memory of the unleavened bread prepared by the Israelites during their hasty flight from Egypt, when they had not time to wait for the dough to rise. On the first two nights of Passover, the\u003cem\u003e seder\u003c/em\u003e, the central event of the holiday, is celebrated.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/annotation_set/1161/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn April 13, 1945, the Soviets captured Vienna and advanced towards Linz and Graz in early May. Skirmishes between the Red Army and the German soldiers, who desperately sought to surrender to the Western Allies and avoid falling into Soviet captivity, lasted into late May, well after the fighting ceased elsewhere in Europe.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/annotation_set/1161/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlthough the terms “Yiddish” and “Yid” are sometimes used to refer to Jews, Yiddish is a reference to a person's language and not necessarily their ethnicity, religion, or culture. Yiddish is the common historical language of Ashkenazi Jews from Central and Eastern Europe. It is heavily Germanic based but uses the Hebrew alphabet. The language was spoken or understood as a common tongue for many European Jews up until the middle of the twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/annotation_set/1161/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Peterfy Sandor neighborhood is in Budapest’s seventh district on the Pest side of the Danube, which is the old Jewish quarter of the city. The Royal Hungarian Main Post Office and \u003cem\u003eSzent Erzsebet\u003c/em\u003e [Hungarian: Saint Elizabeth] Church are located in the neighborhood.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/annotation_set/1161/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSzent Laszlo Korhaz\u003c/em\u003e [Hungarian:Szent László Kórház; Saint Ladislaus Hospital opened in Budapest in 1894, following a cholera epidemic. Originally used to treat infectious diseases, today it is the largest hospital complex in Hungary.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/annotation_set/1161/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Russians advanced east rapidly in the autumn of 1944. By the first week of November, they had reached the eastern suburbs of Budapest, Hungary. Budapest, however, was stubbornly defended by the Germans and Hungarians. One of the bloodiest sieges of World War II began and the city collapsed into chaos. About 38,000 civilians died through starvation or military action. Meanwhile, frustrated and angered Arrow Cross militia indiscriminately attacked and killed hundreds of Jews who remained in the ghetto houses. By December 26, the Russian Army and Romanian Army had encircled the city and advanced through the Pest side of the city. The Germans and Hungarians withdrew to the Buda side of the city on January 17, 1945. After a failed offensive effort, the remaining defenders finally surrendered on February 13, 1945. By April, Soviet troops had driven the last German units and their Arrow Cross collaborators out of the rest of Hungary. Hungary’s alliance with the Axis powers meant the Soviet army saw Budapest as enemy territory. The civilian population had not been evacuated and after the siege, Soviet soldiers plundered, looted, and raped the populace. It estimated that around 50,000 women in the city were raped by Russian soldiers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/annotation_set/1161/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (commonly called “the Joint”) is a worldwide Jewish relief organization headquartered in New York. It was established in 1914. After World War II, the Joint provided desperately needed supplies and necessities to survivors inside and outside of DP camps in Eastern Europe, Hungary, Poland and Romania. More than 227 million pounds of food, medicine, clothing and other supplies were shipped to Europe to survivors inside and outside of DP camps in Eastern Europe, Hungary, Poland and Romania.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/annotation_set/1161/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAt the end of the Second World War, U.S., British, and Soviet military forces divided and occupied Germany. Berlin was located far inside Soviet-controlled eastern Germany. The United States, United Kingdom, and France controlled western portions of the city, while Soviet troops controlled the eastern sector. As the wartime alliance between the Western Allies and the Soviet Union ended and relations turned hostile, the question of whether the western occupation zones in Berlin would remain under Western Allied control or whether the city would be absorbed into Soviet-controlled eastern Germany led to the first Berlin crisis of the Cold War. The crisis started on June 24, 1948, when Soviet forces blockaded rail, road, and water access to Allied-controlled areas of Berlin. The United States and United Kingdom responded by airlifting food and fuel to Berlin from Allied airbases in western Germany. The crisis ended on May 12, 1949, when Soviet forces lifted the blockade on land access to western Berlin.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/annotation_set/1161/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eUntil the eighteenth century, Europeans believed that somewhere in the New World there was a place of immense wealth known as El Dorado. The mythical city of El Dorado came to be used metaphorically of any place where wealth could be rapidly acquired.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/annotation_set/1161/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Hungarian Revolution was a popular uprising that began on October 23, 1956, when thousands of protesters took to the streets demanding a more democratic political system and freedom from Soviet oppression. It lasted 12 days before being crushed by Soviet tanks and troops on November 4, 1956. Thousands were killed and wounded and nearly a quarter-million Hungarians fled the country.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/annotation_set/1161/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAuschwitz-Birkenau was a network of camps built and operated by Germany just outside the Polish town of Oswiecem (renamed “Auschwitz” by the Germans) in Polish areas annexed by Germany during World War II. Auschwitz was a complex of camps: the Main Camp (Auschwitz I), Auschwitz-Birkenau (Auschwitz II) and Monowitz (Auschwitz III). Many smaller sub-camps were attached to the complex, which drew their labor from the Main Camp and Auschwitz-Birkenau. It is estimated that the SS and police deported at a minimum 1.3 million people (approximately 1.1 million of which were Jews) to the Auschwitz-Birkenau complex between 1940 and 1945. Camp authorities murdered 1.1 million of these prisoners.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/annotation_set/1161/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eQueens College is a public college in the Queens borough of New York City. It is part of the City University of New York system.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/annotation_set/1161/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe New School is a private research university in New York City. It was founded in 1919 and originally dedicated to academic freedom and intellectual inquiry and a home for progressive thinkers. Today it includes five divisions including the Parson School of Design, the Eugene Lang College of Liberal Arts, the College of Performing Arts, The New School for Social Research, and the School of Public Engagement.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=5160.0,5190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/annotation_set/1161/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eShabbat\u003c/em\u003e (Hebrew) or \u003cem\u003eShabbos\u003c/em\u003e (Yiddish) is the Jewish Sabbath and is observed on Saturdays. Shabbat begins at sundown on Friday night and is ushered in by lighting candles and reciting a blessing. Women traditionally do the lighting of the candles on Friday evening before sundown to usher in the Sabbath. After lighting the candles the woman waves her hands over them, covers her eyes and recites a blessing: “Blessed are You, Lord, our G-d, King of the universe, who has sanctified us with His commandments and commanded us to light \u003cem\u003eShabbat \u003c/em\u003ecandles.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=5310.0,5340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/annotation_set/1161/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eParsons School of Design, known colloquially as Parsons, is a private college founded in 1896 and located in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of New York City. Parsons has a world-renowned design school, liberal arts college, performing arts college, and graduate schools.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=5610.0,5640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/annotation_set/1161/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePratt Institute is a private university with its main campus in Brooklyn, New York. It has a satellite campus in Manhattan and an extension campus in Utica, New York at the Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute. The school was founded in 1887 with programs primarily in engineering, architecture, and fine arts.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=5610.0,5640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/annotation_set/1161/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSari is likely referring to the Second Intifada. Years of frustration and the collapse of a summit intended to resolve Israeli–Palestinian tensions boiled over into violence in 2000, when Ariel Sharon, the leader of Israel’s opposition visited Temple Mount in East Jerusalem. The al-Aqsa mosque is housed on Temple Mount and Muslims saw the visit as highly provocative. Demonstrations turned violent. The resulting series of violent confrontations and attacks on both sides, known as the Second Intifada, or the Al-Aqsa Intifada, after the mosque where violence erupted, did not subside until 2005. Both sides saw high numbers of both military and civilian casualties.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=6000.0,6030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/annotation_set/1161/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHerbert George (H.G.) Wells (1866-1946) was an English novelist.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=6210.0,6240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/annotation_set/1161/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYad Vashem is Israel's official memorial to the victims of the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=6630.0,6660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568/annotation_set/1161/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 1920, Hungary’s National Assembly enacted a numerus clausus that placed a ceiling of six percent on the number of Jewish students allowed in institutes of higher education. Numerus clausus [Latin: closed term] refers to fixed quotas that limited Jewish admission to certain professions, public offices, or educational institutes. In general, numerus clausus policies were religious or racial quotas used to discriminate against Jews. Such policies were not unique to the Holocaust, but gained favor in the inter-war period leading up to the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/108264/file/209568#t=6630.0,6660.0"}]}]}]}