{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/w950g3jx7j/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Elsas, Herbert Rothschild"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1990-11-21 (captured)","1991-01-31 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Elsas, Herbert Rothschild (Interviewee)","Gozansky, Nathaniel “Nat” (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eHerbert Elsas was interviewed by Nat Gozansky on November 21, 1990 and January 31, 1991, in Atlanta, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eHerbert Rothschild Elsas was born in Atlanta, Georgia in 1910. He was one of two children born to Louis Jacob and Bertha Rothschild Elsas. Herbert’s grandfather founded Fulton Bag \u0026amp; Cotton Mills, and Herbert’s father was the vice president. Herbert attended school on the East Coast, graduating from Phillips Academy, Howard College, and Harvard Law School. While at Harvard, he met Edith Levy, who was attending Wellesley College. They lived in Cambridge, Massachusetts while Herbert finished law school, after which they moved back to Atlanta. Herbert and Edith had two sons, Louis J. \"Skip\" Elsas II in 1937 and Herbert Alan Elsas in 1940. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIn Atlanta, Herbert became a partner of Sutherland Tuttle \u0026amp; Brennan, however, shortly after his career was interrupted by the onset of World War II. Herbert enlisted in the Air Force combat intelligence branch and his four years of service earned him a Legion of Merit award. After the war, he continued his law career as a managing partner with Sutherland Asbill \u0026amp; Brennan. He was one of three lawyers who served as trustees of Gone With the Wind author Margaret Mitchell’s estate. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHerbert and his family were involved with Federation and The Temple. At Emory University, Edith established the Herbert R. Elsas Reading Room in the Law Library in memory of her husband. Herbert passed away in 1995 and is buried with Edith, who died in 2010, at Westview Cemetery in Atlanta. \u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eThe first interview focuses on Herbert’s family and his law career. He discusses his early childhood, recalling his parents and his father’s influence on his education and career. He talks about ending school and the death of his father. He recounts his career after graduation, joining Sutherland Asbill \u0026amp; Brennan in Atlanta. He details his role at the firm and what his partners were like. He describes his experience as the only Jewish person at the firm. He talks about his family, including his uncle’s role as a defense lawyer in the Leo Frank case. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHerbert talks about his family’s business, Fulton Bag and Cotton Mill, and shares recollections of his grandfather, the founder of the company. He describes his grandfather and uncles. He describes how the business began to struggle and face financial difficulties after his grandfather passed and later generations were in charge. He talks briefly about his sons and discusses his family’s involvement in the Atlanta Jewish community. He talks about The Temple and Rabbi Marx, and other interests his grandfather and father had. He further discusses Fulton Bag and Cotton Mill and the work he did for the company as a lawyer, including the difficult process of eventually helping sell the company when they could not find a way to restructure.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eThe second interview covers Herbert’s married life and his two children. He recalls meeting his wife Edith while they were both in school on the East Coast, and returning to Atlanta after they married. He talks about his and Edith’s involvement in the Atlanta Jewish community, particularly with Federation, the National Council of Jewish Women, and The Temple. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHerbert details his experience in the military during World War II, enlisting in the Air Force combat intelligence division and serving for four years. He details his travels while serving in the Air Force and the operations he participated in. He shares that he was awarded the Legion of Merit for his service, and describes the end of service and waiting to return to Atlanta. He describes the difficulty he had in reintegrating into civilian life and the effect that the war had on his law firm. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHerbert talks about other civic activities he has participated in, including being a member of the Standard Club, and being involved with the High Museum, ​​the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra, and the Woodruff Arts Center. He talks about some of his peers and colleagues' involvement in the community as well. The second interview concludes with Herbert talking about his sons and their families. He describes his son, Louis \"Skip’s\" career in human genetics at Yale and Emory. He talks about his son Alan’s schooling and career. He talks about both of his sons’ wives and their children, and he discusses his grandchildren’s careers. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Arnall, Bob (personal name)","Asbill Sr., Mac (1893-1992) (personal name)","Banks Jr., William “Billy” Nathaniel (1924-2019) (personal name)","Brandeis, Louis Dembitz (1856-1941) (personal name)","Brennan, Joe (personal name)","Elsas, Benjamin (1872-1952) (personal name)","Elsas, Bertha B. Rothschild (1890-1980) (personal name)","Elsas, Edith Levy (1914-2010) (personal name)","Elsas, Isaac (1839-1900) (personal name)","Elsas, Louis Jacob (1879-1931) (personal name)","Elsas II, Louis J. \"Skip\" (1937-2012) (personal name)","Elsas, Herbert Alan (b. 1940) (personal name)","Elsas, Herbert Rothschild (1910-1995) (personal name)","Elsas, Katharine Ellis (b. 1943) (personal name)","Elsas, Nancy Terrell (b. 1939) (personal name)","Elsas, Norman Emerson (1896-1994) (personal name)","Elsas, Oscar (1871-1924) (personal name)","Elsas, Tillie (personal name)","Frank, Leo Max (1884-1915) (personal name)","Golden, Solomon (1899-1989) (personal name)","Goldstein, Elliott (1915-2009) (personal name)","Gozansky, Nathaniel “Nat” E. (b. 1940) (personal name)","Haas, Joseph (1911-2000) (personal name)","Hartsfield, Sr., William Berry (1890-1971) (personal name)","Hirsch, Harold U. (1881-1930) (personal name)","Hitler, Adolf (1889-1945) (personal name)","Jones, \"Colonel\" Robert Purmedus (personal name)","Jones Jr., Robert “Bobby” Tyre (1902-1971) (personal name)","Kane, Ed (personal name)","Marx, Rabbi David (1872-1962) (personal name)","Neely, Frank Henry (1884-1979) (personal name)","Neely, Rachel “Rae” Schlesinger (1883-1980) (personal name)","Phillips, Benjamin Zebulan (1871-1921) (personal name)","Phillips, Nettie Elsas (1876-1940) (personal name)","Regenstein, Jr., Louis Gabriel (1912-1994) (personal name)","Rich, Walter Henry (1880-1947) (personal name)","Robinson, Jr., James D. (1905-1967) (personal name)","Rosenberg, Leon Emanuel (1933-2022) (personal name)","Seasongood, Murray (1878-1983) (personal name)","Slaton, John Marshall (1866-1955) (personal name)","Sutherland, William A. (1896-1987) (personal name)","Thrower, Randolph William (1913-2014) (personal name)","Toombs, Henry (1896-1967) (personal name)","Tuttle, Elbert Parr (1897-1996) (personal name)","Air Force combat intelligence (corporate name)","Arnall Golden and Gregory (corporate name)","​​American Jewish Committee of Atlanta (corporate name)","The Atlanta Jewish Community Council (corporate name)","Atlanta Jewish Federation (corporate name)","The Atlanta Opera (corporate name)","Atlanta Paper Company (corporate name)","The Atlanta Symphony Orchestra (corporate name)","B'nai B'rith International (corporate name)","Boston Latin School (corporate name)","Capital City Club (corporate name)","Coca-Cola Company (corporate name)","Columbia Business School (corporate name)","Columbia University (corporate name)","Cornell University (corporate name)","DeKalb County School District (corporate name)","Emory University (corporate name)","​​Emory University Hospital (corporate name)","Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) (corporate name)","First National Bank (corporate name)","Fulton Bag and Cotton Mills (corporate name)","Georgia Tech (corporate name)","Goldman Sachs (corporate name)","Grady Memorial Hospital (corporate name)","Harvard Law School (corporate name)","Harvard University (corporate name)","The High Museum of Art (corporate name)","Howard College (corporate name)","Ingleside Country Club (corporate name)","Jewish Welfare Fund (corporate name)","Judge Advocate General's Corps (corporate name)","The Junior League (corporate name)","League of Women Voters (corporate name)","Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) (corporate name)","Mead Paper Company (corporate name)","The National Council of Jewish Women (corporate name)","Peachtree Golf Club (corporate name)","Phillips Academy Andover (corporate name)","Piedmont Driving Club (corporate name)","Rich's (corporate name)","Robinson Humphrey (corporate name)","Rosser, Brandon, Slaton \u0026amp; Phillips (corporate name)","Rotary International (corporate name)","Royal Air Force (RAF) (corporate name)","Royal Air Force Fighter Command (corporate name)","Salomon Brothers (corporate name)","The Standard Club (corporate name)","Sutherland Asbill \u0026amp; Brennan (corporate name)","The Taft School (corporate name)","The Temple (corporate name)","United Jewish Appeal (corporate name)","United States Air Force (corporate name)","University of Virginia Medical School (corporate name)","Vanderbilt University (corporate name)","Wellesley College (corporate name)","William Bremen Jewish Heritage Museum (corporate name)","William Breman Jewish Home (corporate name)","The Woodruff Arts Center (corporate name)","Yale University (corporate name)","Aachen, Germany (geographic term)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","Avondale Estates, Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","Berlin, Germany (geographic term)","Boston, Massachusetts (geographic term)","Brooklyn, New York (geographic term)","Cabbagetown, Atlanta (geographic term)","Cambridge, Massachusetts (geographic term)","Cartersville, Georgia (geographic term)","Cincinnati, Ohio (geographic term)","Colorado Springs, Colorado (geographic term)","Fort McPherson (geographic term)","Harrisburg, Pennsylvania (geographic term)","Ludwigsburg, Germany (geographic term)","Miami Beach, Florida (geographic term)","Newnan, Georgia (geographic term)","New Orleans, Louisiana (geographic term)","New Rochelle, New York (geographic term)","New York City, New York (geographic term)","Oakland Cemetery (geographic term)","Savannah, Georgia (geographic term)","St. Louis, Missouri (geographic term)","United Kingdom (geographic term)","Washington, D.C. (geographic term)","Woodville, Mississippi (geographic term)","American Civil War (named event)","The Battle of Britain (named event)","The Battle of Okinawa (named event)","The Holocaust (named event)","Operation Torch (named event)","World War I (named event)","World War II (named event)","The Episcopal Church (other)","Hebrew school (other)","Integration (other)","Intermarriage (other)","The Legion of Merit (LOM) (other)","The New Deal (other)","Reform Judaism (other)","Union Army (other)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eHerbert Elsas was interviewed by Nat Gozansky on November 21, 1990 and January 31, 1991, in Atlanta, Georgia.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHerbert Rothschild Elsas was born in Atlanta, Georgia in 1910. He was one of two children born to Louis Jacob and Bertha Rothschild Elsas. Herbert\u0026rsquo;s grandfather founded Fulton Bag \u0026amp; Cotton Mills, and Herbert\u0026rsquo;s father was the vice president. Herbert attended school on the East Coast, graduating from Phillips Academy, Howard College, and Harvard Law School. While at Harvard, he met Edith Levy, who was attending Wellesley College. They lived in Cambridge, Massachusetts while Herbert finished law school, after which they moved back to Atlanta. Herbert and Edith had two sons, Louis J. \"Skip\" Elsas II in 1937 and Herbert Alan Elsas in 1940.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIn Atlanta, Herbert became a partner of Sutherland Tuttle \u0026amp; Brennan, however, shortly after his career was interrupted by the onset of World War II. Herbert enlisted in the Air Force combat intelligence branch and his four years of service earned him a Legion of Merit award. After the war, he continued his law career as a managing partner with Sutherland Asbill \u0026amp; Brennan. He was one of three lawyers who served as trustees of Gone With the Wind author Margaret Mitchell\u0026rsquo;s estate.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHerbert and his family were involved with Federation and The Temple. At Emory University, Edith established the Herbert R. Elsas Reading Room in the Law Library in memory of her husband. Herbert passed away in 1995 and is buried with Edith, who died in 2010, at Westview Cemetery in Atlanta.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first interview focuses on Herbert\u0026rsquo;s family and his law career. He discusses his early childhood, recalling his parents and his father\u0026rsquo;s influence on his education and career. He talks about ending school and the death of his father. He recounts his career after graduation, joining Sutherland Asbill \u0026amp; Brennan in Atlanta. He details his role at the firm and what his partners were like. He describes his experience as the only Jewish person at the firm. He talks about his family, including his uncle\u0026rsquo;s role as a defense lawyer in the Leo Frank case.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHerbert talks about his family\u0026rsquo;s business, Fulton Bag and Cotton Mill, and shares recollections of his grandfather, the founder of the company. He describes his grandfather and uncles. He describes how the business began to struggle and face financial difficulties after his grandfather passed and later generations were in charge. He talks briefly about his sons and discusses his family\u0026rsquo;s involvement in the Atlanta Jewish community. He talks about The Temple and Rabbi Marx, and other interests his grandfather and father had. He further discusses Fulton Bag and Cotton Mill and the work he did for the company as a lawyer, including the difficult process of eventually helping sell the company when they could not find a way to restructure.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eThe second interview covers Herbert\u0026rsquo;s married life and his two children. He recalls meeting his wife Edith while they were both in school on the East Coast, and returning to Atlanta after they married. He talks about his and Edith\u0026rsquo;s involvement in the Atlanta Jewish community, particularly with Federation, the National Council of Jewish Women, and The Temple.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHerbert details his experience in the military during World War II, enlisting in the Air Force combat intelligence division and serving for four years. He details his travels while serving in the Air Force and the operations he participated in. He shares that he was awarded the Legion of Merit for his service, and describes the end of service and waiting to return to Atlanta. He describes the difficulty he had in reintegrating into civilian life and the effect that the war had on his law firm.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHerbert talks about other civic activities he has participated in, including being a member of the Standard Club, and being involved with the High Museum, ​​the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra, and the Woodruff Arts Center. He talks about some of his peers and colleagues' involvement in the community as well. The second interview concludes with Herbert talking about his sons and their families. He describes his son, Louis \"Skip\u0026rsquo;s\" career in human genetics at Yale and Emory. He talks about his son Alan\u0026rsquo;s schooling and career. He talks about both of his sons\u0026rsquo; wives and their children, and he discusses his grandchildren\u0026rsquo;s careers.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Elsas__Herbert_Rothschild.mp3"]},"duration":6804.87184,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/257/391/original/Elsas__Herbert_Rothschild.mp3?1732730740","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":6804.87184,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Elsas, Herbert [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . Interviewing Herbert Elsas on November 21, 1990, for the Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta, co-sponsored by the American Jewish Committee, Atlanta Jewish Federation and the National Council of Jewish Women. Mr. Elsas, let's start with you, just tell me a little bit about yourself, your educational background, marriage, children. Just a general background of you, and then we'll talk a little bit about parents and grandparents and then come back to focus on you again.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4.0,46.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Alright, sir, I was born in Atlanta, Georgia. Parents were Bertha Rothschild and Louis, L-O-U-I-S, Jacob Elsas. He was born in Atlanta, and she was born in Woodville, Mississippi. They met when she was in New York at the sister school of Columbia, and he was about 30. They married when she was about 19. They married and I was produced about ten months later or thereabouts and he took her back to Atlanta, Georgia, where they lived until his death in 1931. At that time, I was at Howard College and that was a great, I would say, shock because he had been reasonably healthy. It did put me in a position of having more responsibility than I knew anything about. In my 21 years prior to that time, I had been a carefree prep school and college student, not very aware of anything much. I did have a sister for whom I felt responsibility, four years younger than I. My mother was absolutely unaware of any business or other similar problems. I proceeded on to law school at Harvard and I decided I wanted to live in Atlanta because that was the family background [indistinct: 3:08] where my grandfather and his eight children, including my father had made their headquarters. The business was a sizable business that at the time, founded by my grandfather shortly after the Civil War, about 1870 or something. It was a central influence in the family life because everybody who wanted to work in the family business could. My father did and was one of the seniors as a son of the founder. My father decided that it was not too wise for all of these nieces . . . not nieces but nephews and husbands of nieces to be in the same business and perhaps to be vying for positions. He rather strongly advised me to get the best education that I could which was then Howard College and Harvard Law School and be my own man.  I, of course, I followed that suggestion. His death reinforced my view that he was a wise man. My background was a close family relationship with all my uncles, and aunties, and cousins, and so on, but fairly firm determination not to get completely committed to a family business which would have been a nice, easy life, actually. It was a respected family of some consequence in the Jewish community and in the general community. I struck out on my own and became employed by Bill Sutherland and Elbert Tuttle and Joe Brennan who were rather young. I now realize how young they were, lawyers who were trying to establish a name and reputation without too much . . . with little or no position in the sense that they didn't have any grandparents or anybody like that who were big community members. I fit into that atmosphere pretty well, matter of fact, having gone to work as a summer associate in 1934 and a full time associate in 1935 upon graduation from Harvard, they invited me to become a partner in 1940 because they didn't figure that they could pay me on the scale that they had started on, normal annual increases, they said, \"You become a partner and share the risks.\" I've stayed with the same firm. I've had a significant voice in the development of the firm. I was interested in structured management. I wanted to see some form of structure in the management of the firm. That was not the mode at the time for law firms. They were very much catch-as-catch-can. One of the interesting things in this law firm, and in others, was that the partners would go to the secretary or treasurer, or she whoever she was, bookkeeper in effect and say, \"I need some money,\" and she'd give him whatever he wanted. There were no normal distributions. At the end of the month, we would sort of tote up what the pluses and minuses were and try to decide what the net was and what he would have been entitled to at his percentage. Anyways, I felt that that was not necessarily the best way to run a law firm if we're going to grow. I put in, with the cooperation of the other partners, more structure, including keeping time records and other similar things. [interview pauses, then resumes] In any event, I became immersed in the practice of law. We had all decided that we needed to specialize a little more than was then common practice. I was very much influenced by a fellow named Bill Sutherland who was Harvard Law School class of 1917 and a very brilliant man, very influential in my life. He was a liberal in many senses, but basically, he came from Newnan, Georgia. Liberalism was fashionable at certain levels, but it really hadn't penetrated all the way down, even though he had been secretary to Brandeis, he still felt that Jews were a little bit different. Though he liked them and . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=46.0,560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Was willing to have one as a partner.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=560.0,563.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e And was glad to have one as a partner,  Bill and I always got along very well personally. Still, there was a little differentiation in the approach. This sort of thing is manifested by Randolph Thrower became a partner shortly after I became a partner, and, of course, Randolph was encouraged to apply for and join the Piedmont Driving Club (PDC) or whatever. It was clear that nobody was going to make any waves to cause the first Jew to be accepted in that or other structures. There was one interesting aspect to that, I had worked fairly closely on some tax matters for Bobby Jones, the golfer, with his father who was Colonel Bob Jones who came from . . . [phone rings, interview stops, then resumes] Anyway, I work closely with Bobby Jones, as did Randolph and I was actually a golfer, so when the Peachtree Golf Club was founded by Bobby Jones and Colonel Bob, they made it sort of general comment around the office that they'd like to have one of us join the club. Bill and Elbert and I sort of talked it over, but that would have been a gratis membership, and they decided maybe it wouldn't be too smart for me, who was the only, at the time, certified golfer, to apply or make my willingness to join known. That was a little bit more subtle, but it's still the same general situation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=563.0,701.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Is it your sense that that was their business judgment or did their personal values enter into that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=701.0,710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't believe it was personal values in the sense that looking at the individual, I think it was a sense that Capital City Club, PDC, don't have Jewish members or didn't then have Jewish members. In the teens, in the 1900's to 1915 say, after the First World War, there had been Jewish members in the Piedmont Driving Club.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=710.0,747.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Really? That's a little known fact.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=747.0,749.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, not many but there were a few. I think they were reorganized out. I wasn't there obviously, but gossip was that a couple of the ladies had not behaved exactly as with the decorum that was expected, and it was sort of quietly arranged that the Jewish members didn't renew their membership or there was a reorganization or something. It permeated the whole city, of course, we had the [Leo] Frank case, and of course, it didn't affect me greatly because I was only four years old, I guess, or something like that . . . yes, 1914, four years old. One of the things I do remember is that my uncle, Benjamin Zebulan Phillips was a partner of Governor Slaton, the firm was Rosser, Slaton and Phillips. Of course, Benjamin Phillips was also counsel for Fulton Bag, which was our family business. Ben Phillips was a brilliant man but very erratic. He decided in 1921, that he had created a very serious problems with Fulton Bag in the tax area. He got so disturbed by it, when he was up on a hearing in New York, he jumped out of a hotel window.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=749.0,863.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e My goodness.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=863.0,865.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Which was a rather dramatic way of showing how unhappy he was. But the relationship with Governor Slaton continued. I remember back in the 1930's when I was thinking about where I might practice, he offered me a job, but his practice was down to just himself and his clerk was Hartsfield, who later became mayor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=865.0,902.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Was Slaton governor . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=902.0,903.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e During the Frank case.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=903.0,904.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e During the Frank case. He was the governor who commuted the sentence that followed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=904.0,910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. My relation with the Frank case was very, very limited. I believe my recollection was that I was four to six years old, I haven't looked up the date.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=910.0,921.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e You and Joe Haas would be . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=921.0,926.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Approximately . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=926.0,927.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e You must have been at Harvard about the same time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=927.0,928.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=928.0,929.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Not the exact same time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=929.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e No, he was about a year ahead. I had gone off to prep school and lost a year and this and that and the other. Joe was a good student . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=930.0,944.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e His father was involved with that case.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=944.0,949.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Almost all the Jewish lawyers in the city were involved in one way or another. Obviously, they were emotionally very much involved. My recollection is limited to the fact that the family was living then on Washington Street and that meant family as a whole was living on Washington Street. My grandfather was widowered. His wife had died about 1903 or 1904 as I recall. He lived in a relatively small house and my mother and father, and my sister and I lived one lot away and Uncle Benjamin Elsas and Aunt Tillie lived nearby. The family lived right along on Washington Street, those who lived in Atlanta. By then, the business had developed branches in New Orleans [Louisiana] and St. Louis [Missouri], and even in Brooklyn [New York]. This was manufacturing companies, branches, so some of my uncles and their families had moved, becoming branch managers but the nucleus was here. The major manufacturing of textile fabric was in a mill was then on Boulevard and is now right across from Oakland Cemetery.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=949.0,1056.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e That's the Cabbagetown? Let's go ahead and talk about your grandfather at this point. I assume he was a very strong patriarchal person from what you're suggesting. The family stayed physically close?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=1056.0,1078.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=1078.0,1079.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e He made sure that all those who wanted to work in the business . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=1079.0,1082.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Found a place.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=1082.0,1083.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Found a place. Why don't you tell me a little bit about your recollections of him just as a grandson. Then maybe later, we'll talk a little bit about your sense of the man as a community servant and business leader and that sort of thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=1083.0,1107.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e I made a little effort to find out something about my grandfather and grandmother who had no impact because she died . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=1107.0,1115.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e She died before you were born.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=1115.0,1124.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Grandpa was an influence, a strong influence on the whole family. His sons and daughters respected him and loved him, I believe. They gave him all sorts of normal approvals and affections, and so on. His word was pretty much law, though none of them hesitated to argue. As a matter of fact, my recollection of the executive office was a series of about six roll top desks, one right behind the other one. That is, the one who's behind looked at the back of the other man's desk. They were in a fairly long room and Grandpa's desk was the first one. If he wanted a meeting of his executive committee, or the tall hall executive, the titles went back and forth, he'd just say, \"I want to talk about something,\"  and all of them would pop up from behind their desk and there was a long enough space there that they could conduct business. My grandfather's word was pretty much law. One of the things I remember about him was there was a great debate once as to how an addition to the mill should be built. He had started the mill out of brick, brick actually made on the site. There was a great debate as to what would be used in this new addition. They debated and debated, and Governor Slaton was taking the minutes, this was a formal meeting of the board of directors. I didn't attend it by the way, it's hearsay. After the discussion was all over and there was a vote, there had been some completely different material that was voted on. Grandpa turned to Governor Slaton and said, \"We'll build it out of bricks.\" That's the way the minutes read. He was dominate. He was also very interested in the individuals. He wasn't he wasn't a domineering character in the sense of . . . I remember when I was in Harvard, I would naturally attend on him when I came home for any vacation or anything, stop by and see him. He was always in his library, almost. The was evening or Sundays, or whatever and he'd sit me down and ask me questions about my life as a student. He seemed to know a great deal about the circumstances and background of these New England institutions of education. I'll throw in another story, my uncle Benjamin and my father Louis, who were not the seniors but were close to the seniors in the family were groomed to go off to Harvard. Grandpa decided that he would help them make preparations for attending Harvard. He went to Boston [Massachusetts] and looked around at certain Jewish families to whom he had access and looked at the houses of these Jewish families and that suggested that maybe these Jewish families would like to have his sons come board with them. I don't know if he was turned down often, but anyway, he found the Morris family and the Ehrlich family, both of which were quite prominent Boston families. He introduced his sons [indistinct: 23:38] because of the difference in age and he put them into Boston Latin School, boarding at these Jewish families in Boston and going to the Boston Latin School, however one gets there. That was their introduction to New England and that was according to his plan. He felt that a superior education was something he could give his children, so he put his mind to that and did rather innovative things for those days. I'm talking now that my father graduated in 1902 from Harvard and his older brother Benjamin graduated in 1899.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=1124.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I assume your grandfather was much a self-educated man?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=1470.0,1473.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e My grandfather probably had what would be a grammar school, maybe a middle school education. He was born in Germany in Ludwigsburg. The circumstances of his birth are somewhat obscure. He was taken in to the Elsas family, he and his brother were taken into Elsas family. His mother clearly was an Elsas. It was never fully determined who his father was. He, in 1859 or 1860 or maybe a year or so later, joined his older brother, Isaac, in Cincinnati [Ohio]. I would say he had a very limited education in the formal sense. He continued to be interested in learning for himself and for his sons. Incidentally, his older son, he helped create the idea that Georgia Tech should become a technical school for training of people in special skills, technical skills. One of his strong points was that we raised the cotton down here and we ship it up to these mills in New England at great cost because of railroads have very unfavorable tariffs. Then they ship it back down to us to manufacture it and way pay an enormous price for all that shipping and all that technical help, and we ought to be getting it down here. He was instrumental in the organization of Georgia Tech, and he sent his oldest son to the first class. The oldest son had been at MIT [Massachusetts Institute of Technology] for one year or something but when Georgia Tech was organized, my grandfather brought him back. He was in the first class. Anyway, I think what I'm trying to tell you is that he was a strong man, a man of wide vision.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=1473.0,1648.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e With all these children, how did he move them into the business so that they worked well together? I would assume there would be a lot of a lot of competition unless . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=1648.0,1666.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e The business worked well when my grandfather was alive, he died in 1933. He was born in 1842, died in 1933 and he wanted to live to one hundred. First of all, there are two aspects of his life which are important, one was the business, and he gave an awful lot to that. The second was his family. They were caused to merge by his personality. In other words, he kept the family focused on the business, and yes, there was friction, I presume, but age made a difference. Each of his sons was groomed to take a position in the business when he was able. During the life of the second generation, it apparently went along pretty smooth. Now, I didn't have too much direct knowledge, but when the out-of-town uncles . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=1666.0,1748.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e When he was present there to oversee that the brothers and brothers-in-laws . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=1748.0,1756.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Even the daughters-in-law couldn't scratch each other too deeply. There were family dinners at least once a week. Major events were celebrated [indistinct: 29:30 possibly 'à famille'] some of the were pretty damn dull but were expected to go and so we went. I would say that persisted until World War II. Then there was considerable disruption. Each brother who was the head of a branch felt that was his business to run as he chose, and the central manufacturing was not really very good. It was not fine goods that were being manufactured, burlaps, bags for commodities and the possibility of selling these bags diminished as bulk commodities were brought on line and bags . . . in the old days, bags were designed to become clothing. A nice cotton bag would be found on the farm, sewed up as a dress. Bags were a lot cheaper as a means of transporting reasonable quantities of merchandize and they had a second life. They could be reprocessed  and sent back and get another load of potatoes. Anyway, that economic condition, that economic background was terminated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=1756.0,1883.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e We moved to disposable packaging.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=1883.0,1884.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e We moved to bulk and disposable. In other words, Coca-Cola Company would buy its sugar in bags, interlined bags . . . then it could get it in liquid form and just put it into a big container and use it as needed in the bottling plant. Anyway, the economic circumstances which went made Fulton Bag and Cotton Mill a very viable and profitable business for many years changed. Specialty bags became the thing to have. The branches manufactured specialty bags and called on the central operations only for things they thought they needed. The branch managers became somewhat more important, and the family fell apart in the sense that they didn't pull together. There was no admitted head, there was a president, but he wasn't really president and before long the then president managed to put his incompetent son in as the president and there was a good deal of disruption.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=1884.0,1967.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Your grandfather turns out to have been the person with the strength to keep everybody focused productively in a team way. No one in the family filled that void. I take it your father . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=1967.0,1984.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e My father died in 1931.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=1984.0,1985.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e He must have foreseen this potential . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=1985.0,1991.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e No, he didn't foresee it, he just felt that . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=1991.0,1993.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e That there were just too many family members in it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=1993.0,1995.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Too many family members. There were several, at that time, turn of the century, in the 1920's and 1930's there was some view that family businesses were great but there's got to be a way to weed out the incompetence. [indistinct: 33:37] He didn't think that that would be a happy place for me. I agreed with him.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=1995.0,2028.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e There's you and a sister.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2028.0,2034.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e She's dead, she's been dead for years. Are you talking about my immediate family?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2034.0,2036.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Just your immediate family.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2036.0,2037.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e I haven't mentioned the most important part of my immediate family, my wife. We were married when she was 20 and I was 23 in 1933. I was still at law school, and she was still at Wellesley, but I had adequate funds to feel comfortable about getting married and had a pretty well . . . I knew I wanted to come to Atlanta. She was from New York and had no idea even where Atlanta was, but we have been very compatible over quite a few years. She's had a great influence in my life. In a rather general way, the choices that I was influenced to make by my father and which I agreed on have provided a good playing field, one which I have enjoyed meeting, I won't say the challenges but tried to develop the kind of skills that permitted me to be successful in the practice of law in Atlanta and in the Southeast. I sound terribly sort of self-satisfied, but I don't have any major regrets.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2037.0,2146.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e That's not bad, is it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2146.0,2148.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e No, it's not bad.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2148.0,2149.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e You have a son?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2149.0,2150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e I have two sons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2150.0,2151.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e You have two sons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2151.0,2152.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e One is a doctor, a rather distinguished, he's the head of the genetics department at Emory [Hospital]. He, too, went to Andover, Harvard and then University of Virginia Medical School. He went back to Yale for his postgraduate and got into the first run of those that recognized that genetics was a separate science and opened the genetics department at Emory after he had been second in command at Yale in the genetics group. He started the genetics department at Emory with one junior assistant and now he's responsible for a payroll of over three million dollars and about 60 odd people. He's made a good name. He has three very attractive children. Anyway, the family has continued here in Atlanta, participating in the life of the community. I would suspect more or less the way Grandpa would have liked us to.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2152.0,2234.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Let's go and leave the business part for a while and let's talk about . . . it seems to me there are two different strands as I have read about the family. There is the influence and the contribution to the community of Atlanta in general, then there is also a history of involvement with The Temple, which I assume your grandfather was . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2234.0,2264.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e He was involved.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2264.0,2265.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e He must have been one of the early members, if not a founding member.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2265.0,2270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Probably. I couldn't tell you that. I would rather doubt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2270.0,2276.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e In terms of the dates and everything, he may well have been a founding member.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2276.0,2281.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm sure there was a Jewish community in Atlanta before the war and he definitely was not a part of that. He came down . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2281.0,2290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e That's right, he came to Atlanta.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2290.0,2293.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e He came to Atlanta from Cincinnati as a peddler in effect.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2293.0,2296.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Then he had a business in Cartersville for a while?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2296.0,2300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2300.0,2301.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Then he came back to Atlanta?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2301.0,2303.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Then came to Atlanta. He was with the Union Army. He came down trading raw materials for things that he could peddle. He was a trader. The family had originally been in textile manufacturing operation in Ludwigsburg, so he concluded that the opportunity to manufacture was greater than the opportunities that he saw in trading. When you got into the bag business, and he founded two businesses which were in the bag business. One was Atlanta Paper Company, which was finally merged into Mead, not under his ownership. Also, the Fulton Bag and Cotton Mill. Now are we talking about business?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2303.0,2369.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e No, let's talk about his involvement with the Jewish community for a while. I know that he was very active in . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2369.0,2377.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e That's not too well documented, unfortunately. I don't know what role he took in the Jewish community. You must remember that Dr. Rabbi Marx, David Marx was the purported leader of the Reformed community. He was so reformed that he was hardly Jewish at all. I have a feeling that Grandpa didn't . . . was not a very observant Jew, to put it in a simple way. I don't remember anything that would make him non-observant, but I also don't remember anything significant about his participation in strictly Jewish Affairs. I know he was a member of The Temple, I'm quite sure that he contributed and I'm sure that he participated in any other activities connected with Judaism. But I would say that he was pretty Reformed. I don't remember any scrolls or if he ever wore a yarmulke. I went to Sunday school, Dr. Marx's Sunday School which was about as Sunday as it was school. Marx believed that the Jews should integrate into the community, and he didn't strongly believe that they should wear their Judaism on their foreheads or anywhere else. I believe the whole Jewish community was, the whole German Jewish community was strongly influenced by that point of view. I don't think Grandpa had the kind of background education in Germany which would have caused him to be a leader on the other side. I think he rode with the tide on Judaism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2377.0,2541.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e His fellow German Jews that presumptively he must have been socially close with were . . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2541.0,2543.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. I guess he was.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2543.0,2553.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . Belonged to The Temple. But you don't have any sense of what Jewish families . . . Let me restate that, my sense is, from what you said, is he was so oriented to the business and the family.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2553.0,2569.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e And the social life and the general community rather than the Jewish community.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2569.0,2577.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e But you don't have any sense of his non-family social network because you saw him always in the context of the business and the family.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2577.0,2587.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. I know that he was interested in Grady Hospital, for example, and helped found Grady Hospital . . . not found Grady Hospital but seek to improve it . . . It was a community public health hospital, but it had been under political influence, significant political influence. He used money try to . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2587.0,2621.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e His money?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2621.0,2622.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, his money to try to influence the circumstances so that it would be ruled, governed by an appointed group who would be community leaders. As a matter of fact, my father was one of the earliest on the Grady board. He took great interest in Grady. My father took an interest in rotary. This is community improvement rather than Jewish community improvement. There is a distinction.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2622.0,2656.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I thought I read somewhere that your grandfather, or maybe it was your father, was very much involved in the Jewish Home, a kind of an orphanage.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2656.0,2668.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, I think almost . . . yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2668.0,2672.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Of course, your grandfather, in a sense was orphaned. In a different world, in a different time he might have been in that home.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2672.0,2682.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, I would say they were interested in Jewish philanthropic activities and community related activities more than strictly . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2682.0,2691.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Religious.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2691.0,2696.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . Religious outlets. That's my impression. I really don't remember ever being to a religious service with my grandfather. He certainly didn't seek any secretarian education for us like Hebrew school or anything like that. He wanted us to be a part of the community, the broad community.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2696.0,2728.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e He obviously would have been somebody that Rabbi Marx would have been pleased with in terms of how he . . . because he was a positive influence in the community and didn't wear his Jewishness on his sleeve.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2728.0,2745.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't think he denied it or ever pretended to be anything else. In fact, he was a member of all the regular Jewish organizations like the clubs, such clubs as there were then and participated vigorously.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2745.0,2764.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e He wasn't one to go play golf?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2764.0,2767.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Nobody much played golf.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2767.0,2768.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Or go dancing or whatever?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2768.0,2772.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e No, he was a serious man.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2772.0,2773.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e How about your father?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2773.0,2775.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e He was very much in the image of my grandfather, except for very much softer character. He was probably my grandfather's favorite son. They were very compatible. He was highly educated. He wanted to be a doctor, his grandfather permitted him to explore, and he did talk to several Boston doctors when he was in Cambridge. The bond between him and his father and his brothers caused him to go into the business.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2775.0,2827.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Your father, though was not the oldest child?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2827.0,2829.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e No, he was third.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2829.0,2833.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Your grandfather wasn't rigid in his expectations of which son was to do . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2833.0,2845.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e His son, Oscar, became not really the head of the business, but . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2845.0,2859.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e As the tape ran out you were you were talking about the oldest brother, your Uncle Oscar and you were about to tell me about his position in the business. Was he the one that came back from MIT and went to Tech?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2859.0,2876.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. Are we on?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2876.0,2878.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, We're on tape.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2878.0,2883.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. Oscar was technically trained, and the business was thought to rest on manufacturing proficiencies, manufacturing all the way, whatever to do with manufactured goods. My father was more in the line of an overall executive in the sense that he was interested in the theory of business, keeping proper records not only of what had happened, but what was likely to happen. Oscar was the manufacturer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2883.0,2938.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e He understood how the machinery worked.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2938.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e He liked the machinery, and his son was a Cornell graduate and a flyer in World War I and was also right in that mold. They divided the requirements between . . . among the people in accordance with their skills and seemed to get along pretty well until World War II or shortly after World War II.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2940.0,2977.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e But by then we're talking about the second and third generation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2977.0,2980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2980.0,2981.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e The numbers are getting unwieldy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2981.0,2983.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e The competition had set in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2983.0,2986.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Your father had passed away substantially before that. Was Oscar still around by then?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2986.0,2991.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e No, Oscar died quite early, in 1923 actually.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2991.0,2997.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e It's a third generation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2997.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Shirt sleeves, too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=3000.0,3004.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e As we know from large law firms, by the third generation, if there isn't creative restructuring of management style, at some point that semblance of control that the initiators set up dissipates.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=3004.0,3023.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e This dissipated in spades in the sense that . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=3023.0,3028.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e You all needed to change the focus of the business.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=3028.0,3031.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e First, we needed to change the focus. Second, we needed no telling what we needed. It's kind of silly to talk about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=3031.0,3040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e But for you personally it was good to be here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=3040.0,3044.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e It was good to be in a law firm. It was bad for my mother and sister who were dependent on, to a considerable extent, on dividends from Fulton Bag and Cotton Mills which have been a reliable source of income. That caused me, in the early 1950's to become a critic of the then management group and my Uncle Benjamin was nominally . . . he and his incompetent son were nominally in charge but Oscar's son, Norman was the stronger factor, and they worked together as a threesome. But I began to be very fearful that the business would go down the tube and though I had marginal connections with the business as a lawyer, but a very much outside lawyer. I was never on the board.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=3044.0,3118.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e This was not . . . Fulton Bag Company was not a client that you brought to the Sutherland firm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=3118.0,3124.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, I didn't bring it because they had done business with it before. Sutherland was then almost entirely, early on, specialized in taxes. They had become involved with the tax problems with Fulton Bag and Cotton Mills long before I can aboard. That's way back in the New Deal period when processing taxes and unjust enrichment taxes and all of those good things which were part of the New Deal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=3124.0,3167.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Which didn't excite your family but excited my family.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=3167.0,3174.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Anyway, these impacted heavily on textiles. They had been employed, gotten some injunctions and so on against the early processing taxes. I just fell into that. They were handling those matters whether I was there or not. I did participate significantly in other family related legal business. In 1940, I represented my Aunt Nettie's estate when she was a resident of Florida. I had a lot of other contacts with the family, largely from the point of view . . . of inactive participants, those who were the stockholders. I began to take the stockholders point of view. I began to concern myself with the effectiveness of the management.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=3174.0,3244.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Particularly since your mother and sister were dependent on that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=3244.0,3252.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e I took the warranted step of demanding the stockholders list. It was a fairly wide list including people like Murray Seasongood of Cincinnati and others who had participated with Grandfather when he was beginning the business. We started discussing the needs of the stockholders with the stockholders by letter, and I went to see some of them and this and that and the other. Before long, that precipitated a reaction from management. Which they got madder than hell. Then they decided that maybe I was developing too much of a power base so I said the only thing I wanted was a board of directors that would really direct. I said I had some names including Jim Robinson of the First National Bank and Billy Banks from Newnan and a bunch of people of some significance locally. I presented the list to Norman, Norman Elsas who was . . . I don't remember what his . . . he and I reached an accommodation in my library. He said yes, he thought that was the way to go. When these outsiders came on the board, they took a little while to figure out how disrupted the business was. Then Bob Arnall, who was from [indistinct: 56:11] He had been the president of Major Mill before it sold out. Jim Robinson and I became the executive committee of Fulton Bag, and we tried to tell Bob Arnall that he ought to become president and pull the thing together and he said, \"With the stock holdings as they are, there's no way.\" You could not impose discipline on employees who are also significant stockholders. After about a year or so, we decided we were going to sell out. The executive committee in effect presented an opportunity for the stockholders, It was structured, but an opportunity for the stockholders to sell out. We got about 12 million dollars which was quite a bit of money in those days. If we had restructured, we probably could have gotten double or more, but we just didn't see an opportunity to restructure. Jim Robinson offered to form a nucleus of people who would, capitalists who would buy the business, but I said I couldn't do that. I, a member of the family couldn't take the thing in effect, private with another group. It would have to be an arm's length deal with some third party. It wasn't easy. It was a very trying to experience where I was lined up against some of the family. It had a maturing effect. I was about 40.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=3252.0,3489.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e It's got to be, here's the business that the patriarch of the family formed and formed so well and took care of two generations so incredibly well, to be the person to preside over its demise.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=3489.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e It was necessary. Those things you have to take as you analyze them if there was anything else I would have tried to do it, but I just couldn't see it. Murray Seasongood incidentally was very indignant; he had been an early stockholder. He was a well-known . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=3510.0,3530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e He was still around?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=3530.0,3532.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, this is back in the 1950's, early 1950's. Seasongood . . . anyways one of the leading law firms in Cincinnati and he had been mayor or . . . I don't think it was mayor; I think they called him something else. They had a big Reform movement in Cincinnati, and he had led the charge. I didn't want to get him on the other side, but he was not happy. He thought I was a turncoat, selling out, doing all sorts of unmentionable things so we had some confrontation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=3532.0,3583.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Let's draw this session to a close. [interview pauses, then resumes] This is Nat Gozansky interviewing Herbert Elsas on January 31, 1991, for the Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta, co-sponsored by the American Jewish Community Committee and Atlanta Jewish Federation and National Council of Jewish Women. This is the second interview of Mr. Elsas as a follow up of his November 21, 1990, interview. [interview pauses, then resumes] Mr. Elsas, I'd like to begin by just having you discuss a little bit  your early married life, children and then we'll move forward.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=3583.0,3647.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e I presume that's in the context of the Jewish community, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=3647.0,3650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=3650.0,3656.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e In the context of Jewish community neither my wife nor I grew up in households that were particularly oriented towards observances of the Jewish ritual. Each of us have been educated in completely nonsectarian schools in the East. We did about as much Sunday school as we had to. We were not brought into Jewish community life through our activities as young adults particularly. I comment on that because nowadays, I think there's quite a bit of voluntary activity by younger people who seem to want to become observant Jews. I'm only making that observation because it distinguishes our early life. Edith graduated from Wellesley, and I graduated from Harvard Law School, and we returned to Atlanta in late 1935. We had been here before, but only on vacation. Of course, I had a large family group, Edith had no family because her home had been in New Rochelle and she had a very, very small family. I had all these uncles and aunts. They were all involved in the community, in the broad community, not specifically in the Jewish community. I'm not pretending that there wasn't segregation but there was segregation, but they were involved in a country club, Jewish country club. I'm talking now about the broader community within to which we fit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=3656.0,3815.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=3815.0,3822.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Some of them were enamored of gentile society and tried hard to wedge into it one way or another through community activities, educational opportunities, and various others. We were sort of ambivalent. We saw that side of the Reformed Atlanta Jewish community, which is edging up towards a complete absorption and we did see some of the more observant people. When we came back, I had been gone for 12 years, basically, so I was rediscovering Atlanta. I was also trying to practice law. I was in a largely gentile, in fact, entirely gentile firm except for me and there were only five members of the firm at that time. The older members of the firm were, I would say, tolerant. They were interested in having a Jew aboard, though they didn't point it out in any particular way. They did want me to try to get some Jewish clients. It was perfectly evident and understood by me and by my, not partners, but then employer. I was reasonably successful in chasing Jewish prospective clients in the normal way by entertaining them and by participating in things in which they were interested. I got interested in Jewish Federation sort of in that fashion. I wasn't deeply moved by what Jewish Federation was doing, though I did get pretty interested, very interested during the Hitler regime, which was obviously creating great unease in Jewish communities everywhere. I worked for, among others, Harold Hirsch, who was the leader of the Jewish community at the time. I remember he was the chairman of the drive for relief of Jews in Germany. I did a good deal of work on getting Jews out of Germany. My wife followed pretty much a parallel course. She joined the Council of Jewish Women, and we all went to The Temple, all two of us went to The Temple on occasion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=3822.0,4074.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e The Temple's membership at that time was substantially a German . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4074.0,4081.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Reformed German.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4081.0,4082.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Reformed German Jews. Did the Temple's membership display a particular sensitivity to the dilemma of Hitler's effort to exterminate the Jews?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4082.0,4102.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't think they were particularly sensitive, probably because they were some  second and third generations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4102.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e So many generations removed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4110.0,4112.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e They were somewhat removed from direct contact from many family members. I knew I had some family in Germany, but they were names. I've run into some of them from time to time on vacation, but they never entered into my life or consciousness very significantly. I was real pleased with knowing an Elsas had been an assistant mayor of Berlin or something before the Hitler regime, but I didn't ever know him really.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4112.0,4152.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4152.0,4156.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e As a matter of fact, some of the Jews in Germany that I did run into were a little bit arrogant and not lovable, so I was sorry for them and was perfectly glad to help them, but I didn't feel any great closeness.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4156.0,4176.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Not on a personal level, but that tragedy started to involve both you and your wife in some Jewish activities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4176.0,4187.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4187.0,4188.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e In a way that you had not anticipated when you were initially simply trying to . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4188.0,4193.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Make a living.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4193.0,4194.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Make your contacts in the community.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4194.0,4198.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e I did get pretty deep in the Jewish community. As a matter of fact, I then played golf and before I knew it, I was president of the golf club. That was a little nine hole Ingleside Country Club, one of the few clubs I know that died of snobbishness. They just didn't want to take in new members. I was present just before the war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4198.0,4236.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Was that the golf club that was out Ponce de Leon?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4236.0,4239.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e It's way out, it's in Avondale.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4239.0,4242.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4242.0,4244.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e It had a few members of the old German Jewish families. It was pretty nice in the sense of being a group was compatible.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4244.0,4263.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e It was exclusively Jewish?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4263.0,4265.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e It was exclusively . . . yes, I guess it was. There still was some little intermarriage during that period but not much. It was exclusively German Reformed Jews who . . . they were as likely to be rotatarians as B'nai B'rith members. That was the atmosphere. In a few years, I guess, maybe a couple of generations, it would have been completely integrated into the gentile community. I think the rise of Hitler aroused the consciousness of that group of people not so that they did anything dramatic, but at least it made them know that they were Jewish, and I think they begin to look for good things in Judaism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4265.0,4343.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Did Rabbi Marx in any way change his style?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4343.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't know. I didn't know that much about Rabbi Marx except that he had a beautiful ringing voice. When you went to temple you could be sure that he would be up there preaching platitudes in a beautiful voice. I don't think it changed his style. I think it did have some influence, considerable influence on Jewish leaders who included the Montag family, Hal Hirsch and his crowd and many more interested in Judaism and perhaps in a cultural aspect. Anyway, I joined this law firm and developed a relatively good practice for Jewish and gentiles in particular specialized areas which I prepared for and which my partners helped me develop. I developed a client base, and I would guess it was about 50-50 Jewish, 50-50 the other half gentile. More frequently the Jewish base was also the kind . . . there was some social connections, as well as [indistinct: 1:14:14]. Then came the war and that did change my life rather considerably. I went into the Air Force and left my wife and two children and the new house we just built within the year. I wanted to get into something fairly active rather than general, so I got into Air Force Combat Intelligence and spent a training period at Miami Beach [Florida] and then further training period at Harrisburg [Pennsylvania] and was shipped off to England. I was supposed to be shipped off to Africa during the Torch invasion, but I don't know how, but England became my destination.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4350.0,4528.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you volunteer or were you dealing with a draft?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4528.0,4533.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e I volunteered. I began to feel that there were some moral issues involved so I did volunteer. My wife supported me, though she didn't like it. I left her with a new house, two young children, four and just one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4533.0,4562.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh my goodness.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4562.0,4565.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e We had splurged a bit in building a house. We had been good friends of a man named Henry Toombs who was a somewhat renowned architect in the neighborhood. We developed our friendship with him through Frank and Rae Neely, that's one of the few intermarriages in Atlanta at the time. Frank Neely was Georgia Tech graduate and a very smart man. Rae Neely, Rae Schlesinger Neely came from a Jewish family, and they married, and Frank adopted Judaism. They were a very strong couple in the community. He actually worked for my family at Fulton Bag and Cotton Mill for a number of years until they realized that there was no chance of getting to the top in Fulton, so he moved over to Rich's, which really needed a strong leader. He was a strong leader during the development, during the effective development of Rich's. He surpassed and was the head man over the Rich family and they developed. That's an interesting part of social history of the Jews in Atlanta.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4565.0,4677.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Go ahead and pursue that as long as we're . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4677.0,4681.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e It's rather an interesting facet. My family insisted on full nepotism, and we gave Frank a very important position but no possibility of being head of the house. He realized that he was good enough to carry any business that he got into and Rich's seem to offer him an opportunity. He went over there, and I guess Walter Rich was nominally the head of the house at that time, but Frank soon became the dominant person. He led Rich's to most of its clients. Anyway, he was one of the few Jews who became a member of the Piedmont Driving Club.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4681.0,4746.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Did he become a member first and a Jew second?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4746.0,4749.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e No, he got married first and became a Jew and then he became such an important member of the community . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4749.0,4755.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e That he did become . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4755.0,4758.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e That he accepted an invitation to the Driving Club. How that went down with the Rich family I never did discover. The story is that somebody asked Dick if he would like to be a member of the club and he said, \"Yes, but only if you're going to open it. I don't want to be the pet Jew.\" of course, Dick did hold quite a dominant position in the town for a long time after Frank died. Anyway, I was doing work with that crowd, the Rich family, the Frank Neely family, and the Montag family, and a bunch of others locally with sizable interest. I was enjoying the hell out of being the lawyer who could command the business of that kind of group.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4758.0,4827.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Sure, and then you jump up and go fly off to England.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4827.0,4834.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Everybody . . . I won't say everybody, most people did go one way or the other. Some of them screaming and kicking and others more or less trying to find something they could do effectively. I thought Combat Intelligence was better than trying to be a judge advocate. I got into it, and I will say I think I performed a reasonably good service. I was posted to a British air base off of the end of nowhere and there wasn't anything to do because we didn't have any planes flying because they'd all been sent to Africa. Before long, somebody came down and started talking to me about what I thought I could do, and they said, \"Come on up to Fighter Command Headquarters and we might find something for you to do.\" I tried that and there wasn't anything to do up there except brief the general out of the newspaper. I asked for detached service with the British and went down to [indistinct: 1:21:46 possibly ‘Port Worth’], the Battle of Britain major bases, 10 and 11 group and started to get interested in radio communication and radio interception. Fighter communication and the British were not only so far ahead of us, we didn't even know what they were doing. They weren't concealing it, but they had developed a very strong use of enemy radio interception in the Battle of Britain. I wanted to find out how that all worked out and they didn't mind. They wrote the order; I wrote my own orders. Go around the 10 group, go around the 11 group and spend a week or two with each. Then went up to British Fighter Command Headquarters and saw how they're using this information. Found that people in our headquarters were at least interested. They let me play. After I had developed a liaison with the British so that we get that information and could perhaps use it when our forces were sent on offensive missions. I did develop a pretty good method of using it. I was an A2 then, intelligence then, and when the operations people, A3, began to see what value the information was, they gave me a lot of . . . I was a second lieutenant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4834.0,5030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e A little guy making a big impact.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5030.0,5032.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e No, I was having fun. I really thought that we could use this. Had some people who were willing to be interested. This is largely my history. I don't know if you want this stuff or not.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5032.0,5051.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e You're the memoirist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5051.0,5052.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e I can't remember what I was doing, anyway . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5052.0,5057.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e How long were you away?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5057.0,5061.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e I was in England until the crossing of the Germans. Then we decided we'd take our station, which was a fighter command station and the radio interception to Holland because we could use the radar from the top of the hill looking into Germany. We could get better reception on the radios too. Went across and stayed in a crazy little place [indistinct: 1:25:04] Dutch people had been starved and all the able bodied people had been taken away. We got in there right after the fall of Aachen in September of 1944. We stayed on this hillside until the German counter-offensive, whatever you want to call it. What was that called? I've forgotten, anyway, it was Hitler's last gasp. A lot of the . . . we were supposably controlling only the eighth fighter on deep missions, but a lot of the tactical air commands were knocked out of operation, so we were controlling everything, everything up and down the front. That was really wild. We didn't pull back; we managed to hold on. We were on just the north shoulder of the German attack and that was heavy. The war was over and next thing I knew, I was offered a job. In anticipation of my being posted to Japan . . . not to Japan but to the invasion, Okinawa, was the gathering point. I was advised in my operation my job would be to help identify the tactics the Japanese Air Force was likely to use during the invasion. I went to British school, a very advanced school, concerning radio, the use of radio to intercept radar. Spent a month up there. I'd had a lot of contact with them before in our own operations, but they also had a Japanese intelligence operation. Went up there and was posted to Washington, I thought, after I'd been gone for three years, after a month of R\u0026R [rest and relaxation/recuperation] but unfortunately, I got a telegram from my commanding officer saying, \"I'm on my way to Okinawa, you'll join me there.\" I packed up and left Miami Beach where we were getting R\u0026R and being reposted. My wife and I drove back and then I kept on going until I got to Colorado Springs. That was to be my jump off point, about then or shortly thereafter, they dropped the first atomic bomb, and anyone who had had the kind of overseas duty that I had and  family and all weren't to be posted overseas. They wanted all the experienced people to stay home, get out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5061.0,5329.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e It's time already. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5329.0,5330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e It's time already. By then I was a major [indistinct: 1:28:53] had a Legion of Merit  and various approvals from commanders so I stayed Colorado Springs and saw a bunch of Georgians come through, they were on their way. I tried to get my wife and children to come because it's lovely out there in the fall. They couldn't quite make it. I finally . . . I couldn't figure out why I wasn't getting any orders, there I was sitting, I got a leave of some kind, write the orders to go to Washington to find out where I was. I got to Washington and General, the commanding general of the Intelligence Force was a fellow I had worked with on the Cotton Mill, and I talked to him and asked him. He said, \"We thought you would like to enjoy your vacation out there. Just takes some time off.\" I said, \"I want to go home.\" I wrote my orders from there, got back to Fort McPherson and got out. That was kind of fun.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5330.0,5424.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e 1945, you finally get home?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5424.0,5427.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5427.0,5428.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e The children now are eight and four or so?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5428.0,5434.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, about eight and five. They didn't know me, of course. Adjustment was difficult, both for adjustment in the Jewish community or . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5434.0,5451.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Or any place else.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5451.0,5452.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Family connections and all that, and so many other conditions were so different. I had accommodated to the military quite well. I knew what I wanted to do. I didn't have a long wait to get home. I got a designation as a courier, and it came through in no time at all on high priority. The adjustment was much more difficult, particularly the adjustment to the practice of law, all my clients had, I won't say gone off, but they had been able to exist without me. I hadn't thought about practicing law for four years really. We gradually reassembled, the firm had just left two partners at home, four of us had gone.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5452.0,5529.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh my goodness.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5529.0,5532.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Elbert Tuttle was one of the early to go. He was a reserve colonel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5532.0,5543.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e He went early, and you went?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5543.0,5546.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e I went voluntarily. Randolph Thrower got into the FBI [Federal Bureau of Investigation], but then decided that he better go into the military. Ed Kane who is no longer living, that left an enormous load for the remaining partners.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5546.0,5562.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Sutherland and Asbill.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5562.0,5565.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e No Asbill at that time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5565.0,5566.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e No Asbill at that time . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5566.0,5567.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e It was just Sutherland and Tuttle. It was Sutherland, Tuttle and Brennan but Sutherland and Joe Brennan were the ones that carried the load. Then they got a whole bunch of green guys back. Really, we were not fit to practice law at that time. We were just not oriented. We decided we ought to do something pretty significant. We decided to open a Washington office and sent Bill Sutherland up there to be full time, staff the office and build it. Now it's bigger than the Atlanta office, over 200.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5567.0,5615.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e My goodness.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5615.0,5617.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Anyway . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5617.0,5618.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e This was all part of trying to figure out how to . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5618.0,5621.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Come back into the . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5621.0,5622.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Come back into the practice. Not a bad idea. Not a bad idea. Not a bad idea.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5622.0,5628.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Not a bad idea.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5628.0,5628.66667"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Not a bad idea. Not a bad idea. Not a bad idea. Turns out not to have been a bad idea.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5628.66667,5632.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e We just put the idea together as a group. I started to get into the management of the law firm as well as practicing. I persisted in that as the managing partner as we grew, as we had two offices and tried to coordinate the two. Until about age 70 or so, I was fairly successful and fairly active. There are no high or low spots, just movement in the same direction.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5632.0,5669.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Now what's going on outside of the law firm? You've come home, you've been active in the Federation before you . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5669.0,5678.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e No great change of direction. It was relatively the same. Edith and I both enjoyed the growth and development of our children. We tried to encourage that. I wasn't quite as definite with my older son as my father had been. He said, \"Where are you going to college?\" I said, \"I don't know.\" He said, \"I'll pay your tuition if you go to Harvard.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5678.0,5710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e That's fairly direct. What did you say to your son?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5710.0,5713.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e I wasn't quite as direct . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5713.0,5741.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e We got stopped just as you were commenting about your relationship with your son and his having decided without your being as directive as your father was with you, that he went off to Harvard and I think it was just about that point that the tape stopped.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5741.0,5765.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Let's see, I got interested in a lot of community affairs. I went on the Symphony board and on the Arts School board, and continued at the High Museum board, I'm a life member of that . . . I continued at Federation, and I had held most of the offices other than president. I didn't want to be president.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5765.0,5795.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Was Federation your primary Jewish activity after the war?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5795.0,5802.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5802.0,5803.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e There was a country club, I guess would qualify but that was gone.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5803.0,5808.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e That was gone. I was a member of the Standard Club. I guess I was on the board one time or another.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5808.0,5814.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Right, but in terms of your real energy, in terms of Jewish philanthropy, the Federation was your main activity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5814.0,5822.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, I thought it encompassed most of the things that I was interested in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5822.0,5828.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e The High Museum and the Symphony, those things that now all together at the Performing Arts Center.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5828.0,5836.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, they were separate then and I was interested in most of them, really interested. I was interested in photography. We took classes at the Art School which had a good photography lab. I went to the Symphony occasionally but wasn't too wild about it. I was much more interested in the High Museum. I was on the board, and I guess I held some offices, but I've forgotten what they were. They weren't president, I avoided that and ducked out of top responsibility.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5836.0,5888.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e The high visibility. That wasn't unusual as I recall, a number of Jewish professionals were involved in those things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5888.0,5898.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, sure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5898.0,5900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e In that sense there was integration in the community at that level.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5900.0,5906.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, very much so. Fellow like Louis Regenstein was active. Joseph Haas was active in the Symphony, very active in the Symphony. I think [Elliott] Goldstein was active in a number of, those were my contemporaries. Many of them, I don't remember them, but their successors have been professional men and many lawyers. There was an integration, in fact, except for club life, I would say in most other facets of social life there was integration. In all probability, we had equal percentage or almost equal percentage of Jewish and gentile social activities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5906.0,5976.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e League of Women Voters had always had a lot of Jewish women?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5976.0,5980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5980.0,5981.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Now, you were very involved in the Federation. My recollection is that Mr. Haas was very involved in what had originally been the Jewish Orphan's Home.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5981.0,5989.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, he still is. He's still soliciting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5989.0,5994.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e How about Elliott Goldstein and Mr. Regenstein?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5994.0,6001.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Their Jewish affiliations?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=6001.0,6003.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=6003.0,6004.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't  think Regey had much in the way of Jewish affiliations. At least I don't remember anything outstanding. Elliott Goldstein was active, in exactly what, I don't know. We were, all of us, Joseph Haas wasn't but is now, but we were all involved in first line law firms of some size and significance. Most of the law firms were gentile oriented in the sense of . . . I'd say I was the leading Jew in my law firm. Elliott in his, his father was. Regey, it was then Hirsch and Smith, or Hirsch, Kilpatrick, and who else were we talking about?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=6004.0,6063.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I guess Sol Golden would be in that . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=6063.0,6066.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Sol was never very active.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=6066.0,6071.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e A little older than . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=6071.0,6072.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e He was much more active in the Jewish community than in general. Governor Arnall, of course, was carrying the load for his firm in the general community. Arnall, Golden, and Gregory were a good law firm. Sol was pretty strictly a lawyer for a group of people we represented. I don't remember any considerable activity either in the Jewish community or in the gentile community as far as he was concerned. Where do you want to go from here?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=6072.0,6134.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Let's talks about the children. Where did they go to school? What are they doing now?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=6134.0,6146.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e My oldest son was highly motivated and well educated. He went Andover, Harvard Junior Medical School, back to Yale for post-[doctorate] and stayed on at the faculty at Yale. He got interested in endocrinology and the moved over to genetics. Decided that his good friend, Lee Rosenberg was head of the genetics department at Yale and prevented him from ever moving up to top notch. He accepted an invitation from Emory to start a genetics department, human genetics department at Emory and he has built it. He told me the other day that he had a $4 million budget or thereabouts and 60 odd people, 60, 70. All hands working with him. He is interested in research and teaching and also strongly of the view that the university medical department ought not to be in competition with the general practitioners in the community but should take the hard cases and any referral.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=6146.0,6238.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Some of his colleagues at the Emory Clinic, don't see eye to eye?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=6238.0,6241.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e No, there's a good deal of discussion about that. I think he'll lose that though, but he still is battling for academia and the use of Emory sponsored facilities for the development of science or the development of real research. I'd say he's quite successful and has a very good reputation and name even though he's battling constantly with the board of trustees or whatever. Where the funds and the emphasis should be placed. I think he'll gradually have some impact, but it's not going to be overnight. My other son went to Andover summer school said, \"It's a great school, I've enjoyed it, but you can have it.\" He selected Vanderbilt as being compatible with the level of education he wanted and completed his course successfully there. He was president of the Jewish fraternity there. He was perfectly frank to admit that it was a good experience. He said that being president of a fraternity put him contact with the governing powers at the university and he had a voice, whereas if he had just been Joe Doakes, he wouldn't have known what the problems were and how they were being resolved. Anyway, he was not terribly interested in study. After he graduated from college, Vanderbilt, he wasn't sure of his direction. He decided that all these Ivy League guys were not going to look down on him anymore, so he'd go to Columbia Business School. It was a hard thing after about a year of being out, or a year and a half. He had a little military. He went to Columbia Business School and went with Goldman Sachs in New York as a trainee because Goldman Sachs cleared for Robinson Humphrey. Then he came down to Robinson Humphrey after a delightful period in New York as a bachelor. They gave him a telephone book and a desk and said, \"Make your contacts.\" He was a retail salesman. After about two years of that, relatively successful, he said, \"I didn't go to Columbia Business School to talk to old biddies about their nest eggs. I want to try something different.\" He went into the institutional aspects of another firm, got some training and then a new firm came into town, and he was given the bond desk in this new firm. He finally worked around various firms and Salomon Brothers gave him a shot, back then that was a prestige firm. He got Salomon Brothers, just about the time the bottom dropped out and after less than a year he had to quit Soloman because there wasn't any place for him to go. He laid out for a couple months just trying to find out what he wanted to do. Then he decided that the retail world of Robinson Humphrey wasn't so bad after all, and a lot of friends had now reached the point where they were potential customers. He's gone back to Robinson Humphrey and generally is in the top ten of their production force. Seems to enjoy it. I haven't mentioned the fact that the grandchildren have been [indistinct: 1:49:27] pretty heavily on lives. We've got five of them, the oldest being 29.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=6241.0,6578.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e It's two sons, no daughters.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=6578.0,6579.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Two sons and three grandchildren by one son and two by the old bachelor who didn't get married for quite a while.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=6579.0,6589.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e They're all here in Atlanta?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=6589.0,6591.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=6591.0,6593.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e You can enjoy . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=6593.0,6596.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, they're here in Atlanta except one's off at Taft and God knows where he'll go to college. He can't make up his mind. The other grandson is trying to break into the entertainment world in New York and I question whether he's got any sense doing that, but he wants to do it and it's better for him to do it at 22 than 32.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=6596.0,6630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e It does seem to be a tradition in this family of succeeding in what one sets out to do, though.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=6630.0,6637.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e I think this will be a hard one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=6637.0,6638.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e This will be a hard one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=6638.0,6643.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e Two of the grandchildren, one went to Emory and decided she wanted to be a teacher and is a very dedicated grade school teacher in Dekalb Public Schools, primarily black student body and she loves them like her own children. She's enormously dedicated and I'm very . . . she's not a nuclear physicist but she's doing exactly what she wants to do and she's doing it very well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=6643.0,6683.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Can't do better than that. Are the children or the grandchildren affiliated with The Temple in any significant way?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=6683.0,6696.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e No, as a matter of fact, both of my sons married gentile girls. Both married Episcopalians, both married . . . each of the daughters-in-law was a Junior Leaguer. The older daughter observes certain Jewish traditions, household traditions, but she also goes to Christmas mass. Her children have very loose affiliation with anything. The younger son married a gal who came from a prominent social family in Savannah, and they've tried to see if their kids would like to be Jewish. I don't think they were wildly encouraged but they decided that they would rather be Episcopalians, and they are. But they don't spend much time in that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=6696.0,6776.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e They're not families that have a focus on a religious lifestyle at this point.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=6776.0,6784.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eELSAS:\u003c/strong\u003e That ought to cure me for . . .  do you have any burning questions?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=6784.0,6793.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/transcript/72834/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I think we've gone from the beginning to the end now. It's been wonderful and I thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=6793.0,6802.5"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Jewish Committee of Atlanta is a regional branch of the American Jewish Committee (AJC). AJC was founded in 1906 to safeguard the welfare and security of Jews worldwide. It is one of the oldest Jewish advocacy organizations in the United States. AJC Atlanta founded the Atlanta Black-Jewish Coalition in 1982 to build relations between the communities, focusing on education, outreach, and advocacy.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4.0,46.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJewish Federation of Greater Atlanta is a regional branch of Jewish Federations of North America. It is an organization that focuses on serving the Atlanta Jewish community through philanthropic endeavors such as supporting infrastructure, including schools and synagogues. Federation supports the Jewish community but also welcomes people of various backgrounds, including interfaith, LGBT+, and multiracial people and families.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4.0,46.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Council of Jewish Women is an organization of volunteers and advocates, founded in the 1890s, who turn progressive ideals in advocacy and philanthropy inspired by Jewish values. They strive to improve the quality of life for women, children and families.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4.0,46.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBertha B. Rothschild Elsas (1890-1980) was the daughter of Marcus and Emily Rothschild. In 1909, she married Louis J. Elsas, the son of the founder of Fulton Bag and Cotton Mill. They had two children, Herbert Rothschild Elsas and Emily Elsas Wolf. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=46.0,560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLouis Jacob Elsas (1879-1931) was the vice-president of the Fulton Bag \u0026amp; Cotton Mills. He was born in Atlanta to Jacob and Clara Stahl Elsas. He was married to Bertha B. Rothschild Elsas and they had two children, Emily and Herbert.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=46.0,560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWoodville is one of the oldest towns in Mississippi and is the county seat of Wilkinson County, Mississippi.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=46.0,560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eColumbia University is a private Ivy League university located in New York City. The university was founded in 1754 and was known as King’s College. It is the oldest higher education institution in New York and the fifth oldest in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=46.0,560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil War, widely known in the United States as the “Civil War” or the “War Between the States,” was fought from 1861 to 1865 to determine the survival of the Union or independence for the Confederacy. In January 1861, seven Southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America. The Confederacy, often called the “South,” grew to include 11 states, and although they claimed 13 states and additional western territories, the Confederacy was never diplomatically recognized by a foreign country. The states that did not declare secession were known as the “Union” or the “North.” The war had its origin in the issue of slavery. After four years of bloody combat, which left over 600,000 Union and Confederate soldiers dead and destroyed much of the South's infrastructure, the Confederacy collapsed, slavery was abolished, and the difficult Reconstruction process of restoring national unity and granting civil rights to freed slaves began.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=46.0,560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarvard Law School is one of the professional graduate schools of Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Established in 1817 in Cambridge Massachusetts, Harvard Law School is the oldest continuously operating law school in the United States. The law school is generally considered one of the most prestigious in the world.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=46.0,560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSutherland Asbill \u0026amp; Brennan LLP, rebranded to the abbreviated name of Sutherland, was an AmLaw 100 American law firm. Founded in 1924 by William Sutherland and Elbert Tuttle as Sutherland \u0026amp; Tuttle, the firm originally achieved national prominence on tax issues. Sutherland's practice extended throughout the United States and worldwide, and is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=46.0,560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWilliam A. Sutherland (1896-1987) was a lawyer from Georgia, and a founding partner of the law firm Sutherland, Asbill \u0026amp; Brennan. He was born in Newnan, to Georgiato Phocion Leonidas and Jennie Mattox Sutherland. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Virginia in 1914, and was a cum laude graduate of Harvard Law School in 1917. He received a master's degree from the University of Wisconsin in 1919. He was a legal secretary for U.S. Supreme Court Justice Louis D. Brandeis from 1917 to 1919. He began his law practice in Atlanta in 1921. In 1924, Mr. Sutherland co-founded Sutherland \u0026amp; Tuttle in Atlanta with his brother-in-law, Elbert P. Tuttle, the firm became Sutherland, Tuttle \u0026amp; Brennan.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=46.0,560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNewnan, Georgia is a located in the metro Atlanta area. It is located 40 miles southwest of Atlanta and is the county seat of Coweta County Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=46.0,560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLouis Dembitz Brandeis (1856-1941) was a lawyer and associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1916-1939) who was the first Jewish person to sit on the high court. Brandeis graduated from Harvard Law School at the head of his class in 1877. After less than a year of practice in St. Louis, Missouri, he moved to Boston, Massachusetts where he maintained a practice until his appointment to the Supreme Court of the United States in 1916. Brandeis University was established by the American Jewish community seven years after the death of Justice Brandeis to honor his life and career. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=46.0,560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRandolph William Thrower (1913-2014) was an American attorney. He served as Commissioner of Internal Revenue under President Richard Nixon from 1969 to 1971. He was born in Tampa, Florida and he graduated from Georgia Military Academy in 1930. He received an undergraduate degree from Emory University in 1934 and received his law degree from the Emory University School of Law in 1936. Following graduation from law school, he joined the firm of Sutherland Asbill \u0026amp; Brennan LLP. In 1942 he joined the FBI, then became a captain in the U.S. Marine Corps, being deployed to the Philippines and Okinawa during World War II. From 1980 to 1992 he was chairman of the City of Atlanta's Board of Ethics. He was married for 70 years to Margaret Logan Munroe, and they had five children. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=563.0,701.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Piedmont Driving Club is a prestigious private social club located adjacent to Piedmont Park that was founded in 1887. New members have to be vouched for by three current members. The club prohibited Jewish and Black membership for most of its history, although today there are a few Black, Jewish, and other ethnic minority members.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=563.0,701.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRobert Tyre Jones Jr. (1902-1971) was an American amateur golfer who was one of the most influential figures in the history of the sport; he was also a lawyer by profession. Jones founded and helped design the Augusta National Golf Club, and co-founded the Masters Tournament. golf tournament in the world. Jones is most famous for his unique \"Grand Slam,\" in 1930, consisting of his victory in all four major golf tournaments of his era in a single calendar year.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=563.0,701.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\"Colonel\" Robert Purmedus Jones was an Atlanta lawyer and the father of Robert “Bobby” Tyre Jones Jr. an influential golfer and lawyer. Jones was known in Atlanta as Big Bob and the Colonel and was a skilled golfer, encouraging his son to play. He was a partner of the law firm Jones, Evins, Moore and Howell, (predecessor to Alston \u0026amp; Bird), which Bobby also later joined. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=563.0,701.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePeachtree Golf Club opened in 1947 and was designed by Bobby Jones and golf architect Robert Trent Jones. When it opened, Peachtree measured more than 7,200 yards, extremely long for that era. It boasted the longest set of tees in America and the country’s most enormous greens. Decades later other designers followed the club’s lead to address advances in club and ball technology.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=563.0,701.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Capital City Club is a private social club founded in Atlanta in 1883. It is among the oldest social organizations in the South. The Club presently operates three facilities, the oldest of which, the downtown Atlanta club. The Capital City Country Club, located in Brookhaven, was leased in 1913 and purchased in 1915. In the autumn of 2002 an additional club facility, the Crabapple Golf Club, was completed in the city of Milton, in the northern portion of Fulton County.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=710.0,747.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War I, also called First World War or Great War, was an international conflict from 1914 to 1918 that embroiled most of the nations of Europe along with Russia, the United States, the Middle East, and other regions. The war pitted the Central Powers—mainly Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey—against the Allies—mainly France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, Japan, and, from 1917, the United States. It ended with the defeat of the Central Powers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=710.0,747.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLeo Max Frank (1884-1915) was a Jewish factory superintendent in Atlanta, Georgia. In 1913, he was accused of raping and murdering one of his employees, a 13-year-old girl named Mary Phagan, whose body was found on the premises of the National Pencil Company. Frank was arrested, tried, convicted and sentenced to death for her murder. The trial was the catalyst for a great outburst of antisemitism led by the populist Tom Watson and the center of powerful class and political interests. Frank was sent to Milledgeville State Penitentiary to await his execution. Governor John M. Slaton, believing there had been a miscarriage of justice, commuted Frank’s sentence to life in prison. This enraged a group of men who styled themselves the “Knights of Mary Phagan.” They drove to the prison, kidnapped Frank from his cell and drove him to Marietta, Georgia where they lynched him. Many years later, the murderer was revealed to be Jim Conley, who had lied in the trial, pinning it on Frank instead. Frank was pardoned on March 11, 1986, although they stopped short of exonerating him.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=749.0,863.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBenjamin Zebulan Phillips (1871-1921) was an Atlanta attorney and a partner of Rosser \u0026amp; Brandon and Slaton \u0026amp; Phillips. The firm represented Leo Frank as his defense counsel during his now infamous trial. He attended the University of Georgia and practiced law for over 30 years. He married Nettie Elsas, and they had two children. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=749.0,863.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJohn Marshall Slaton, or Jack Slaton, (1866-1955) served two non-consecutive terms as the Sixtieth Governor of Georgia. His political career was ended in 1915 after he commuted the death penalty sentence of Atlanta factory boss Leo Frank, who had been convicted for the murder of a teenage girl employee. Because of Slaton's law firm partnership with Frank’s defense counsel, claims were made that Slaton's involvement raised a conflict of interest. Soon after Slaton's action, Frank was lynched. After Slaton's term as governor ended, he and his wife left the state for a decade. Slaton later served as president of the Georgia State Bar Association.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=749.0,863.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe law firms of Rosser \u0026amp; Brandon and Slaton \u0026amp; Phillips formed a partnership in 1913, known by the firm name of Rosser, Brandon, Slaton \u0026amp; Phillips. The lawyers in the firm were Luther Z. Rosser, Morris Brandon, John M. Slaton, and Ben Z. Phillips. The firm represented Leo Frank as his defense counsel during his now infamous trial and proceedings for the alleged murder of a teenage girl. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=749.0,863.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFulton Bag and Cotton Mills is a formerly operating mill complex located in the Cabbagetown neighborhood of Atlanta. The beginnings of the company can be traced to 1868, when Jacob Elsas, an immigrant of German Jewish descent who had recently arrived in Atlanta from Cincinnati, began work in the rag, paper, and hide business. Elsas soon recognized the need for cloth and paper containers for their goods. Within two or three years Elsas had switched to manufacturing cloth and paper bags and joined forces with fellow German Jewish immigrant Isaac May. Construction of the complex began in 1881 on the south side of the Georgia Railroad line, east of downtown Atlanta. The site is now apartments and condominiums.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=749.0,863.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWilliam Berry Hartsfield, Sr. (1890-1971), served as the 49th and 51st Mayor of Atlanta. His tenure extended from 1937 to 1941 and again from 1942 to 1962, making him the longest-serving mayor of his native Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=865.0,902.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJoseph Haas (1911-2000) was a community leader, prominent Atlanta attorney, and graduate of Harvard Law School.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=921.0,926.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBenjamin Elsas (1872-1952) was the former president and board chairman of Fulton Bag and Cotton Mills. He was the son of Jacob Elsas, the founder of Fulton Bag and Cotton Mill. He graduated from Harvard University and he was involved with the High Museum of Art. He married Matilda \"Tillie\" Reinhardt in 1897, and they had one son.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=949.0,1056.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNew Orleans, Louisiana sits on the Mississippi River near the Gulf of Mexico. The city is nicknamed the \"Big Easy\" and is known for its live-music scene and cuisine that reflects the French, African and American cultures that influenced the city.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=949.0,1056.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSt. Louis is located in east-central Missouri near the confluence of the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers. Native Americans originally inhabited the area for generations before European settlers came. French fur traders founded the city in 1764 and named it for King Louis IX of France. By the 1800s, the city became a major port city on the Mississippi River. Today, the city is the second largest city in Missouri.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=949.0,1056.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBrooklyn is a borough of New York City. It is named after the Dutch town of Breukelen. It is located on the westernmost edge of Long Island and shares a border with Queens.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=949.0,1056.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOakland Cemetery is the oldest cemetery and one of the largest green spaces, in Atlanta. Many notable Georgians are buried at Oakland including Margaret Mitchell, author of Gone with the Wind; Joseph Jacobs, owner of the pharmacy where John Pemberton first sold Coca-Cola as a soft drink; Bobby Jones, the only golfer to win the Grand Slam, the United States Amateur, United States Open, British Amateur and the Open Championship in the same year; as well as former Georgia governors and Atlanta mayors. Oakland is an excellent example of a Victorian-style cemetery and contains numerous monuments and mausoleums that are of great beauty and historical significance.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=949.0,1056.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCabbagetown is an intown neighborhood on the east side of Atlanta, Georgia. It includes the Cabbagetown District, a historic district listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. Cabbagetown was built as the surrounding mill town to the Fulton Bag and Cotton Mill, one of the first textile processing mills built in the South. The mill was owned and operated by Jacob Elsas, a German Jewish immigrant. Its workforce consisted of poor whites recruited from the Appalachian region of north Georgia. Elsas built a small community of one and two-story shotgun houses and cottage-style houses surrounding the mill, originally known as Factory Town or Fulton Mill Village. The mill closed in 1977. While the mill itself was named to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976, the surrounding neighborhood went into a steep decline following the mill closure. In the 1990’s, Cabbagetown underwent tremendous growth as part of Atlanta's intown renaissance, and the mill was renovated as the Fulton Cotton Mill Lofts.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=1056.0,1078.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBoston, Massachusetts is the capital and largest city in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The city was founded in 1630 by Puritan settlers. During the American Revolution, the city was the location of various key events including the Boston Tea Party, the Boston Massacre, and the siege of Boston.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=1124.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Boston Latin School is a public exam school in Boston, Massachusetts. It was established on April 23, 1635, making it both the oldest public school in colonial-era British America and the oldest existing school in the United States. The school was modeled after the Free Grammar School of Boston in England under the influence of Reverend John Cotton. It was intended to educate young men of all social classes in the classics. The school was initially funded by donations and land rentals rather than by taxes.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=1124.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLudwigsburg is a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is the largest and primary city of the Ludwigsburg district with about 94,000 inhabitants. It is situated within the Stuttgart Region, and the district is part of the administrative region of Stuttgart. Jewish families began living in Ludwigsburg during the 19th century and in 1884, a synagogue was built and later destroyed by storm troopers during Kristallnacht, the pogrom of November 1938. A 1959 memorial and newer memorial plaques commemorate the Jewish Holocaust victims. During World War II, the city suffered moderate damage compared to other German cities. It was the home of the prisoner-of-war camp Stalag V-A from October 1939 until April 1945. After the war, there was a large displaced persons camp that housed several thousand, mainly Polish, displaced persons until about 1948. From 1945 until the middle of 1946, there was also an Allied internment camp for war criminals in Ludwigsburg and the U.S. Army maintained the Pattonville barracks on the edge of town. The land was returned to Germany in 1994.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=1473.0,1648.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIsaac Elsas (1839-1900) was, along with his brother Jacob Elsas, one of the founders of the Elsas-May Cotton Mills, which became Fulton Bag and Cotton Mill. He was born in Germany and lived most of his life in Atlanta. He was married to Sarah Heyman, and they had six children. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=1473.0,1648.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCincinnati is located on the Ohio River, in the state of Ohio. The city was incorporated in 1820 and today is the third largest city in the state.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=1473.0,1648.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorgia Institute of Technology, which is commonly referred to as Georgia Tech is a public research university and institute of technology in Atlanta. It was founded in 1885 during Reconstruction as part of the plan to build an industrial economy in the post-Civil War South.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=1473.0,1648.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private research university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It was founded in 1861 and has played an important role in various developments in technology and science including wind tunnels, radar detection, GPS, condensed soup, and the World Wide Web.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=1473.0,1648.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II (abbreviated WWII or WW2) was a global war involving fighting in most of the world and most countries. Most countries fought in the years 1939–1945 but some started fighting in 1937. Most of the world's countries, including all the great powers, fought as part of two military alliances: the Allies and the Axis Powers. World War II was the largest and deadliest conflict in all of history. It involved more countries, cost more money, involved more people, and killed more people than any other war in history. Between 50 to 85 million people died. The majority were civilians. It included massacres, the deliberate genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, starvation, disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons against civilians in history.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=1756.0,1883.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Coca-Cola Company is an American multinational corporation founded in 1892, best known as the producer of the soft drink Coca-Cola. The drink industry company also manufactures, sells, and markets other non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups, and alcoholic beverages. Coca-Cola was created in the late 19th century as an alcohol-free or temperance drink by John Stith Pemberton in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=1884.0,1967.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWellesley College is a private liberal arts women’s college in Wellesley, Massachusetts. It was in 1870 by Henry and Pauline Durant as a female seminary. It is member of the historic Seven Sister colleges, a group of historically female colleges in Northeastern United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2037.0,2146.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEmory University Hospital was opened in 1904 and was originally housed in a downtown Atlanta mansion that had be spared by General Sherman during the Civil War. In November 1922, it was moved to its current location in DeKalb County near the Emory University campus. The hospital has grown to a 733-bed facility that is staffed by the Emory University School of Medicine faculty.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2152.0,2234.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePhillips Academy (also known as PA, Phillips Academy Andover, or simply Andover) is a co-educational college-preparatory school for boarding and day students located in Andover, Massachusetts, a suburb of Boston. The academy enrolls approximately 1,150 students in grades 9 through 12, including postgraduate students. It is part of the Eight Schools Association and the Ten Schools Admission Organization. Founded in 1778, Andover is one of the oldest high schools in the United States. It has educated a long list of notable alumni through its history, including American presidents George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush, foreign heads of state, members of Congress, five Nobel laureates and six Medal of Honor recipients. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2152.0,2234.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Virginia is a public research university in Charlottesville, Virginia. It was founded in 1819 by U.S. president Thomas Jefferson. Jefferson, along with U.S. Presidents James Madison and James Monroe severed on the original governing Board of Visitors. The university has eight undergraduate schools and three professional schools, the School of Law, the Darden School of Business, and the School of Medicine.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2152.0,2234.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYale University is an Ivy League private university located in New Haven, Connecticut. It was established in 1701 as the Collegiate School and became known as Yale in 1718. It is the third-oldest university in the United States and considered one the most prestigious in the world. The Yale Divinity School was established in 1822.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2152.0,2234.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Temple, or “Hebrew Benevolent Congregation,” is Atlanta’s oldest Jewish congregation. The cornerstone was laid on the Temple on Garnett Street in 1875. The dedication was held in 1877 and the Temple was located there until 1902. The Temple’s next location on Pryor Street was dedicated in 1902. The Temple’s current location in Midtown on Peachtree Street was dedicated in 1931. The main sanctuary is on the National Register of Historic Places. The Reform congregation now totals approximately 1500 families. As of 2022, its Senior Rabbi is Peter S. Berg.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2234.0,2264.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCartersville is a city in Bartow County, Georgia, located within the northwest edge of the Atlanta metropolitan area. Cartersville, originally known as Birmingham, was founded by English-Americans in 1832. The town was incorporated as Cartersville in 1854. Cartersville was designated the seat of Bartow County in 1867 following the destruction of Cassville by Sherman's March to the Sea in the American Civil War. Cartersville was incorporated as a city in 1872.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2296.0,2300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDuring the American Civil War, the United States Army, the land force that fought to preserve the collective Union of the states, was often referred to as the Union Army, the Federal Army, or the Northern Army. It proved essential to the restoration and preservation of the United States as a working, viable republic. The Union Army was made up of the permanent regular army of the United States, but further fortified, augmented, and strengthened by the many temporary units of dedicated volunteers, as well as including those who were drafted into service as conscripts. To this end, the Union Army fought and ultimately triumphed over the efforts of the Confederate States Army.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2303.0,2369.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Paper Company was originally founded as the Elsas May Paper Company in 1868, by German immigrant Jacob Elsas and his partner, Isaac May. In 1886, the company was purchased by Isaac Liebmann, who changed the name to Atlanta Paper Company. Liebmann’s son-in-law, Arthur L. Harris, later took over the company, and by World War II, his son, also named Arthur L. Harris, was acting as president. In 1950, the successful company built a 275,000 square foot plant at 950 West Marietta Street in Atlanta, Georgia. In 1957, the company was acquired by the Mead Paper Company.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2303.0,2369.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Mead Paper Company was established in Dayton, Ohio in 1847 and is now known as MeadWestvaco. It acquired Atlanta Paper Company in 1957.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2303.0,2369.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Dr. David Marx (1872-1962) was a long-time rabbi at the Temple in Atlanta, Georgia. A native of New Orleans, he led the congregation’s move toward the practices of Reform Judaism. He served as rabbi from 1895 to 1946. When he retired, Rabbi Jacob Rothschild took the pulpit that Rabbi Marx had held for more than half a century.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2377.0,2541.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eReform Judaism is a division within Judaism, especially in North America and the United Kingdom. Historically it began in the 19th century. In general, the Reform movement maintains that Judaism and Jewish traditions should be modernized and compatible with participation in Western culture. While the Torah remains the law, in Reform Judaism women are included (mixed seating, bat mitzvah, and women rabbis), instrumental music is allowed in the services, and most of the service is in the local language as opposed to Hebrew.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2377.0,2541.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJewish men cover their heads during prayer with a small skullcap called a yarmulke (Yiddish) or kippah (Hebrew). Orthodox Jewish men wear it at all times to remind themselves of G-d’s presence.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2377.0,2541.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGrady Memorial Hospital is the largest hospital in Georgia, and the fifth-largest public hospital in the United States. It is considered one of premier public hospitals in the Southeast. The 961-bed hospital was founded in 1890.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2587.0,2621.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRotary International is an international service organization whose stated purpose is to bring together business and professional leaders in order to provide humanitarian services, encourage high ethical standards in all vocations, and help build goodwill and peace in the world. It is a secular organization consisting of Rotary Clubs with about 1.2 million members. Membership is by invitation only.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2622.0,2656.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe William Breman Jewish Home is a nursing home in Atlanta providing short and long-term dementia, Alzheimer’s, and nursing care. Formerly the Jewish Home, it first opened in 1951 at 260 14th Street, NW, on land that had been donated by real estate developer Ben J. Massell. The Home’s growth called for a larger, updated facility, leading to the construction of a new building at 3150 Howell Mill Road, NW. The second Jewish Home opened on February 16, 1971. In 1991, it was renamed the William Breman Jewish Home to honor and recognize its third president, Bill Breman, as the prime motivator of the modern-day facility.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2656.0,2668.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew school can be either the Jewish equivalent of Sunday school (an educational regimen separate from secular education, focusing on topics of Jewish history and learning the Hebrew language), or a primary, secondary, or college level educational institution where some or all of the classes are taught in Hebrew.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2696.0,2728.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCambridge is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts. It is a suburb in the Greater Boston metropolitan area, across the Charles River from Boston. Harvard University, an Ivy League university founded in Cambridge in 1636, is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States. The Harvard Art Museums comprise the Fogg, Busch-Reisinger and Arthur M. Sackler collections. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Lesley University, and Hult International Business School also are based in Cambridge. Founded in December 1630 during the colonial era, Cambridge was one of the first cities established in the Thirteen Colonies, and it went on to play a historic role during the American Revolution.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2775.0,2827.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOscar Elsas (1871-1924), a native of Atlanta, Georgia, was the son of Jacob and Clara Stahl Elsas. Jacob Elsas was the founder of Fulton Bag and Cotton Mill, a business which opened its doors on Decatur Street in 1881, and which would eventually become the largest employer in Atlanta. Oscar Elsas became president of Fulton Bag and Cotton Mills following the retirement of his father, Jacob. Oscar Elsas was a member of the first graduation class of the Georgia School of Technology (now Georgia Institute of Technology, commonly referred to as Georgia Tech). He gained prominence as President of the Fulton Bag and Cotton Mill when workers went out on strike from 1914 to 1915 as a result of his refusal to recognize Local 886 of the United Textile Workers of America union.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2845.0,2859.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCornell University is a private Ivy League land-grant research university in Ithaca, New York. Since its founding in 1865, Cornell has been a co-educational and non-sectarian institution.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=2940.0,2977.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNorman Emerson Elsas (1896-1994) was the President and Chairman of the Board of Fulton Bag and Cotton Mill. He was born to Oscar and Emma Ehrlich Elsas, and he graduated from Cornell University in 1918. During World War I, he served as a Naval Aviator. After his career at Fulton Bag and Cotton Mill, he was President and owner of Nemo Industries. He served for more than 25 years as President of the Atlanta Community Shop for the Blind, and in 1950, he and his wife were co-founders of the Howard School. He married Mildred Danziger in 1924. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=3044.0,3118.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \"New Deal\" was a series of economic programs implemented in the United States between 1933 and 1935. They involved presidential executive orders or laws passed by Congress during the first term of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The programs, which involved massive government spending, were in response to the Great Depression and focused on relief for the unemployed and poor, recovery of the economy, and reform of the financial system to prevent another Depression. The Supreme Court later struck down some of the massive entitlement programs as unconstitutional. Despite all the spending, the economy failed to recover until the United States entered World War II in December 1941, which brought full employment.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=3124.0,3167.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNettie Elsas Phillips (1876-1940) was the daughter of Clara Stahl Elsas and Jacob Elsas, the founder of Fulton Bag and Cotton Mill. She was married to lawyer Benjamin Z. Phillips, and they had two children.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=3174.0,3244.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMurray Seasongood (1878-1983) was an American lawyer and politician. He led a government reform movement in Cincinnati, founding the Charter Party and served as the Mayor of Cincinnati, Ohio from 1926 to 1930. He graduated from Harvard University and Harvard Law School and began a career in the law with Warrington \u0026amp; Paxton. He married Agnes Senior in 1912, and they had a daughter. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=3252.0,3489.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJames D. Robinson, Jr. (1905-1967) was chief executive and chairman of First National Bank of Atlanta. Robinson was a member of the American Banking Association's Government banking committee, a trustee of the Committee for Economic Development, a former president of the Reserve City Bankers Association, and a member of the Business Ethics Advisory Council of the United States Department of Commerce. He was married to Josephine Crawford, and they had three children. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=3252.0,3489.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe First National Bank of Atlanta, also called First Atlanta, was a successor institution to Atlanta National Bank, which was federally chartered in September 1865, after the American Civil War. The First National Bank of Atlanta was the largest commercial bank in the southeastern United States for several years in the mid-twentieth century, as measured by bank deposits.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=3252.0,3489.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWilliam “Billy” Nathaniel Banks Jr. (1924-2019) was born in Newnan, Georgia. He graduated from Yale University. He was a playwright and author of articles for The Magazine Antiques. He was known for meticulously restoring and reconstructing his family's property in Newnan, he also maintained a 19th-century residence in Temple, New Hampshire. He was a long-term member and had served as Vice-Chair of the Board of the MacDowell Colony, a contemporary arts organization in New Hampshire, and was a life member of the Board of Directors of the High Museum of Art.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=3252.0,3489.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA turncoat or a turncloak is a person who deserts one party or cause to join an opposing one. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=3532.0,3583.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNathaniel “Nat” E. Gozansky (b. 1940) was an Emory law professor for 45 years. He attended the University of Miami, Yale University, and Florida State University. In addition to his career at Emory, he was also regional director of the Office of Legal Services in 1968, director of the Council on Legal Education Opportunity (CLEO) from 1970 to 1972, chair of the Association of American Law Schools Section on Family and Juvenile Law from 1973 to 1974, Board of Governors of the Society of American Law Teachers from 1974 to 1977, and a hearing officer and arbitrator on both the federal and state levels. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=3583.0,3647.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNathaniel “Nat” E. Gozansky (b. 1940) was an Emory law professor for 45 years. He attended the University of Miami, Yale University, and Florida State University. In addition to his career at Emory, he was also regional director of the Office of Legal Services in 1968, director of the Council on Legal Education Opportunity (CLEO) from 1970 to 1972, chair of the Association of American Law Schools Section on Family and Juvenile Law from 1973 to 1974, Board of Governors of the Society of American Law Teachers from 1974 to 1977, and a hearing officer and arbitrator on both the federal and state levels. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=3656.0,3815.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNew Rochelle is a city in Westchester County, New York. It is a suburb of New York City, located approximately 17 miles from Midtown Manhattan. This area was occupied by cultures of indigenous peoples for thousands of years. By the 17th century, the historic Lenape bands, who spoke a language in the Algonquian family, were prominent in the area. The community of La Nouvelle-Rochelle was established in 1688 by French immigrants from La Rochelle, France. During the 19th century, New York City was a destination from the mid-century on by waves of immigration, principally from Ireland and Germany, more established American families left New York City and moved into this area. Although the original French population rapidly shrank in relative size, through ownership of land, businesses, banks, and small manufactures, they retained a predominant hold on the political and social life of the town.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=3656.0,3815.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAdolf Hitler (1889-1945) was a German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and Führer (“leader”) of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator of Nazi Germany, he initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939 and was a central figure of the Holocaust. Adolf Hitler applied for entrance into the Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna, Austria twice and was twice rejected, once in 1907 and again in 1908. For the next five years, Hitler struggled to earn money by selling small paintings, mostly images of buildings and other landmarks in Vienna that he copied from postcards. By 1914, Hitler was serving in World War I and would later enter politics. In his autobiographical manifesto, Mein Kampf, Hitler claimed that his antisemitic views formed during his time as a struggling artist in Vienna. His frustrated art career became part of the myth making—by Hitler himself and by his followers—that helped drive his fateful rise to power in Germany. Hitler was drafted for Austrian military service at the beginning of World War I but turned down due to lack of fitness. After moving to Germany, he enlisted as a German soldier in the summer of 1914 and was deployed to Belgium in October. Over the next two years, Hitler served first as an infantryman and then as a private. He won two decorations for bravery, including the Iron Cross First Class and was wounded twice. He was recovering from his second injury when the war ended.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=3822.0,4074.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarold U. Hirsch (1881-1930) was a well-known attorney who was active in philanthropic organizations in the Atlanta area. He received his law degree in 1904 and soon became one of Atlanta's most prominent lawyers, helping Coca-Cola trademark its signature logo and bottle design in a number of copyright infringement cases. He was also involved in the creation of the law school at Emory University and one of the founding members of the faculty. Hirsch was very involved in philanthropic endeavors, particularly those in the Jewish community. He was a member of the Hebrew Benevolent Congregation (the Temple), the Federation of Jewish Charities, the United Jewish Charities, and the Independent Order of B'nai B'rith. He helped found The Atlanta Committee for German-Jewish Relief and served as chairman of the organization.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=3822.0,4074.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBerlin is the capital and largest and most populous city in Germany and the European Union. Berlin was built along the banks of the Spree River and about one-third of the city's area is composed of forests, parks and gardens, rivers, canals, and lakes. After World War II at the onset of the Cold War, Berlin was occupied by the United States, the United Kingdom, and France. The city was split into West Berlin and East Berlin, divided by the Berlin Wall. East Berlin was declared the capital of East Germany, while Bonn became the West German capital. Following German reunification in 1990, Berlin once again became the capital of all of Germany. Today, Berlin is a hub for tourism and industries including the healthcare industry, biomedical engineering, biotechnology, the automotive industry, and electronics. Berlin is home to several universities such as the Humboldt University of Berlin, the Technical University of Berlin, and the Free University of Berlin. Berlin is also home to three World Heritage Sites, the Brandenburg Gate, the Reichstag building, the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, the Berlin Wall Memorial, and the Berlin Zoological Garden.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4112.0,4152.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIngleside Country Club was a nine-hole golf course that opened in 1916 in Atlanta. The course was designed by A.W. Tillinghast and Jimmy Livingstone. The surrounding neighborhood flourished, but Ingleside Country Club didn’t. Faced with a dwindling membership, it was sold to the American Legion during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4198.0,4236.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePonce de Leon Avenue, often simply called “Ponce,” provides a link between Atlanta, Decatur, Clarkston, and Stone Mountain, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4236.0,4239.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAvondale Estates is a city in DeKalb County, Georgia. It is part of the Atlanta metropolitan area and is near Decatur. In the 1890’s, lots were sold in the area, which was known as Ingleside. Avondale Estates was founded in 1924 by George Francis Willis, a patent medicine magnate, who purchased the entire village of Ingleside to create a planned community. The city was named after Stratford-upon-Avon, England, birthplace of Shakespeare. Downtown buildings were designed in a Tudor style to reinforce this image, as were many of the houses in the city.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4239.0,4242.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMarriage between people of different races, castes, or religions. In this case, a marriage between a Jew and a non-Jew.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4265.0,4343.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eB'nai B'rith International (Hebrew: “Children of the Covenant”) is the oldest Jewish service organization in the world. B'nai B'rith states that it is committed to the security and continuity of the Jewish people and the State of Israel and combating antisemitism and bigotry. Its mission is to unite persons of the Jewish faith and to enhance Jewish identity through strengthening Jewish family life, to provide broad-based services for the benefit of senior citizens, and to facilitate advocacy and action on behalf of Jews throughout the world.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4265.0,4343.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAir Force combat intelligence is a branch of the United States Air Force, responsible for both protecting information as well as collecting data from external threats. Intelligence Officers analyze data, coordinate with other services, and determine the capabilities and vulnerabilities of an adversary.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4350.0,4528.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMiami Beach is an island city in south Florida, connected by bridges to mainland Miami. The city was founded in 1915. It is known for its early 20th century architecture in the Art Deco Historic district.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4350.0,4528.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarrisburg is the state capital of Pennsylvania and sits on the Susquehanna River. The city was chartered in March 1860. During the 19th century, the building of the Pennsylvania Canal and Pennsylvania Railroad allowed the city to develop into one of the most industrialized cities in the Northeast.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4350.0,4528.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOperation Torch took place from November 8th through 16th, 1942, it was an Allied invasion of French North Africa during the Second World War. Torch was a compromise operation that met the British objective of securing victory in North Africa while allowing American armed forces the opportunity to begin their fight against Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy on a limited scale. It was the first mass involvement of US troops in the European–North African Theatre. It was intended to draw Axis forces away from the Eastern Front, thus relieving pressure on the hard-pressed Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4350.0,4528.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHenry Johnston Toombs (1896-1967) was an architect and sculptor from Georgia. He attended the U.S. Naval Academy and received degrees from the University of Pennsylvania. In 1946, he helped establish the partnership of Toombs \u0026amp; Creighton and in 1949, established Toombs \u0026amp; Company, which later became Toombs, Amisano, and Wells, Architects, with offices in Atlanta. Mr. Toombs was the architect for a wide variety of buildings and projects during his lifetime including residences for President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the Little White House in Warm Springs, Georgia, Atlanta Memorial Cultural Center, C \u0026amp; S Bank Building in Atlanta, and numerous private residences.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4565.0,4677.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFrank Henry Neely (1884-1979) was an American mechanical engineer, consulting engineer, and President of Rich's Department Store in Atlanta. A graduate of Georgia Tech, he is known for his civic activities in Atlanta, and was recipient of the Henry Laurence Gantt Medal in 1952.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4565.0,4677.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRachel “Rae” Schlesinger Neely (1883-1980) was an Atlanta native who was married to Frank Henry Neely who became president and chairman of the board of Rich’s, a family-owned department store in Atlanta. She was a graduate of Girls’ High School and Smith College. She was the first person to serve as research director for the Georgia Department of Education and served as president of the National Council for Jewish Women (NCJW).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4565.0,4677.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRich's was a department store retail chain, headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, which operated in the southern U.S. from 1867 until March 6, 2005 when the nameplate was eliminated and replaced by Macy's. It was founded by Hungarian Jewish immigrant Morris Rich (born Mauritius Reich) in Atlanta in 1867 as \"M. Rich \u0026amp; Co. Dry Goods\" Many of the former Rich's stores today form the core of Macy's Central, an Atlanta-based division of Macy's, Inc., which formerly operated as Federated Department Stores, Inc.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4565.0,4677.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWalter Henry Rich (1880-1947) was a leading Atlanta merchant and philanthropist. He was president of Rich’s department store, which was founded by his uncle Morris Rich.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4681.0,4746.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Judge Advocate General's Corps, also known as JAG or JAG Corps, is the military justice branch or specialty of the United States Air Force, Army, Coast Guard, Marine Corps, and Navy. Officers serving in the JAG Corps are typically called judge advocates. Judge advocates are responsible for administrative law, government contracting, civilian and military personnel law, the law of war and international relations, environmental law, etc. They also serve as prosecutors for the military when conducting courts-martial.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4834.0,5030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRAF Fighter Command was one of the commands of the Royal Air Force. It was formed in 1936 to allow more specialized control of fighter aircraft. It operated throughout World War II, winning fame during the Battle of Britain in 1940. The command continued until November 1943, when it was disbanded and the RAF fighter force was split into two categories, defense and attack. During WWII, the headquarters of the Royal Air Force (RAF) Fighter Command was located at RAF Bentley Priory in Stanmore, Middlesex. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4834.0,5030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Battle of Britain, during World War II, was the successful defense of Great Britain against unremitting and destructive air raids conducted by the German Air Force (Luftwaffe) from July through September 1940, after the fall of France. Victory for the Luftwaffe in the air battle would have exposed Great Britain to invasion by the German army, which was then in control of the ports of France only a few miles away across the English Channel. The battle was won by the Royal Air Force (RAF) Fighter Command, whose victory not only blocked the possibility of invasion but also created the conditions for Great Britain’s survival, for the extension of the war, and for the eventual defeat of Nazi Germany.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=4834.0,5030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAachen is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia region of Germany. Aachen is located at the northern foothills of the High Fens and the Eifel Mountains. It borders Belgium in the southwest, and the Netherlands in the northwest. Aachen was the first German city to be captured by the Western Allies in World War II, and its residents welcomed the soldiers as liberators. What remained of the city was destroyed, in some areas completely, during the fighting, mostly by American artillery fire and demolitions carried out by the Waffen-SS defenders. Damaged buildings included medieval churches and the Rathaus (city hall), although Aachen Cathedral was largely unscathed. 4,000 inhabitants remained in the city; the rest had followed evacuation orders. Its first Allied-appointed mayor, Franz Oppenhoff, was assassinated by an SS commando unit.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5061.0,5329.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Battle of Okinawa was a World War II battle fought between U.S. and Japanese forces on Okinawa, the largest of the Ryukyu Islands from April 1st to June 21st, 1945. Dubbed “the Typhoon of Steel” for its ferocity, the battle was one of the bloodiest in the Pacific War, claiming the lives of more than 12,000 Americans and 100,000 Japanese, including the commanding generals on both sides. In addition, at least 100,000 civilians were either killed in combat or were ordered to commit suicide by the Japanese military.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5061.0,5329.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWashington, D.C. is the United States capital. The city sits on the Potomac River and borders Maryland and Virginia. The city is home to the three branches of the federal government including the Capitol, the White House, and the Supreme Court. It is also home to various well-known museums and performing arts venues such as the Kennedy Center.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5061.0,5329.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eColorado Springs is a city in and the county seat of El Paso County, Colorado. The Ute, Arapaho, and Cheyenne peoples were the first recorded to inhabit the area that would become Colorado Springs. In 1859, after the first local settlement was established, it became part of the Jefferson Territory on October 24 and of El Paso County on November 28. It served as the capital of the Colorado Territory from November 5, 1861, until August 14, 1862, when the capital was moved to Golden before it was finally moved to Denver in 1867. The city's military presence began during World War II, beginning with Camp Carson (now the 135,000-acre Fort Carson base) which was established in 1941. During the war, the United States Army Air Forces leased land adjacent to the municipal airfield, naming it Peterson Field in December 1942.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5061.0,5329.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Legion of Merit (LOM) is a military award of the United States Armed Forces that is given for exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding services and achievements. The decoration is issued to members of the eight uniformed services of the United States as well as to military and political figures of foreign governments. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5330.0,5424.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFort McPherson was a U.S. Army military base located in Atlanta, Georgia, bordering the northern edge of the city of East Point, Georgia. It was the headquarters for the U.S. Army Installation Management Command, Southeast Region; the U.S. Army Forces Command; the U.S. Army Reserve Command; and the U.S. Army Central. World War II, Fort McPherson served as a general depot, where thousands of men were processed for entry in the army. Fort McPherson was closed down in 2011. The property is now owned by actor/producer Tyler Perry, who redeveloped the site into Tyler Perry Studios.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5330.0,5424.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eElbert Parr Tuttle (1897-1996) was the chief judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit from 1960 to 1967, when that court became known for a series of decisions crucial in advancing the civil rights of African Americans during the civil rights movement. Tuttle was born in Pasadena, California, he graduated from Cornell University in 1918 with a Bachelor of Arts degree. He then fought in World War I in the United States Army Air Service from 1918 to 1919. Tuttle received a Bachelor of Laws from Cornell Law School, where he served as editor-in-chief of the Cornell Law Quarterly, in 1923. After graduating from law school, he moved to Atlanta, Georgia, to practice law with the law firm of Sutherland, Tuttle \u0026amp; Brennan from 1923 to 1953. Tuttle served as a colonel in the United States Army from 1941 to 1946, in World War II. He was awarded numerous medals for his service including the Purple Heart with Oak Leaf Cluster, the Legion of Merit, the Bronze Star, and the Bronze Service Arrowhead. After the War, Tuttle became more involved in politics. He was a general counsel for the United States Department of the Treasury from 1953 to 1954.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5532.0,5543.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is the principal federal law enforcement agency of the United States. The bureau is focused on domestic intelligence and security of the federal government.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5546.0,5562.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMac Asbill Sr. (1893-1992) was a partner of Sutherland Asbill \u0026amp; Brennan, joining their Washington, D.C. office in 1949. He was born in Ridge Springs, South Carolina, and graduated from Wofford College and Harvard Law School. During World War I he served in the Army.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5562.0,5565.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Symphony Orchestra (ASO) is an American orchestra based in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. The ASO's main concert venue is Atlanta Symphony Hall in the Woodruff Arts Center.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5765.0,5795.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe High Museum of Art in Atlanta is the leading art museum in the Southeastern United States. Located on Peachtree Street in Midtown, the High is a division of the Woodruff Arts Center. It was founded in 1905 as the Atlanta Art Association and renamed after the High family donated their house as an exhibit space in 1926. In 1983, a new 135,000-square-foot building designed by Richard Meier opened to house the Museum. In 2002, three new buildings designed by Renzo Piano more than doubled the Museum's size.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5765.0,5795.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Standard Club is a Jewish social club that started as the “Concordia Association” in 1867 in Downtown Atlanta. In 1905, it was reorganized as the “Standard Club” and moved into the former mansion of William C. Sanders near the site of Center Parc Credit Union Stadium (formerly Turner Field). In the late 1920s the club moved to Ponce de Leon Avenue in Midtown Atlanta. Later, the club moved to what is now the Lenox Park business park and was located there until 1983. In the 1980s, the club moved to its present location in Johns Creek in Atlanta’s northern suburbs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5808.0,5814.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLouis Gabriel Regenstein, Jr. (1912-1994) was an Atlanta attorney. He was born to Louis Sr. and Lavinia Liebman \"Venia\" Regenstein in Atlanta, Georgia. His father’s family ran a high-end women’s clothing shop called Regenstein’s, which was eventually sold off. He grew up in the Druid Hills neighborhood and after graduating from Boy’s High, he went to Harvard University and got both a bachelor’s and a law degree. He returned to Atlanta and practiced law as a member of the firm Kilpatrick \u0026amp; Cody. He was also a board member of numerous organizations such as the Jewish National Fund and the High Museum of Art. He married Helen Moses, and they had two children. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5906.0,5976.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eElliott Goldstein (1915-2009) was a prominent attorney in Atlanta. He served in World War II and fought in the Battle of the Bulge. Goldstein was active in a number of civic, cultural, political, and religious organizations, including the Atlanta Historical Society (now the Atlanta History Center), the Hebrew Benevolent Congregation (The Temple), the Union of American Hebrew Congregations, the United Way, Central Atlanta Progress, the High Museum of Art, the National Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, the Atlanta Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, Economic Opportunity Atlanta, Citizens Planning Group for Social Services Atlanta, Atlanta Action Forum, the American Jewish Committee, the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta, the Chatham Valley Foundation, the Standard Club, the Commerce Club, the Atlanta Opera, and the Kiwanis Club.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5906.0,5976.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe League of Women Voters is a civic organization that was formed by Carrie Chapman Catt in 1920 to help women take a larger role in public affairs. It does not support or oppose candidates for office at any level of government but rather works to increase understanding of major public policy issues and to influence public policy through education and advocacy.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=5976.0,5980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSolomon Golden (1899-1989) was born in Vilna, Lithuania in 1899 and immigrated to the United States in 1912. He earned his law degree from Emory University and practiced law for 63 years in attorney in Atlanta, Georgia. He was one the founding partner of Arnall Golden and Gregory, which he founded with former Georgia Governor Ellis Arnall and Cleburne Gregory Jr. He also helped organize the SYSCO Corporation, a wholesale industrial food distributor and helped take the firm public.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=6063.0,6066.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eArnall Golden and Gregory is a law firmed in 1949 founded by Ellis G. Arnall, Sol I. Golden, and Cleburne Gregory, Jr. The firm continues to operate today with nearly 200 attorneys in Atlanta, Georgia and Washington D.C.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=6072.0,6134.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLeon Emanuel Rosenberg (1933-2022) was an American physician-scientist, geneticist, and educator. He served as chair of the department of human genetics and also as dean of the medical school of Yale University. He then worked as the chief scientific officer of the Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical company. He wrote more than 300 research articles, chapters, and books on his scientific research and public policy views across his career. He married Elaine Lewis in 1954. They had three children before divorcing in 1972. In 1979, he married Diane Drobnis, a senior editor in medical publishing, and they had a daughter. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=6146.0,6238.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVanderbilt University is a private research university located in Nashville, Tennessee. It was founded in 1873 and named after businessman Cornelius Vanderbilt who provided a $1 million endowment to the school.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=6241.0,6578.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCalling someone a ‘Joe Doakes’ means they are an average man or person.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=6241.0,6578.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Ivy League is an American collegiate athletic conference that is made of eight private research universities in the northeastern United States. The schools included Brown University, Columbia University, Yale University, Harvard University, Princeton University, Cornell University, Dartmouth University, and the University of Pennsylvania.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=6241.0,6578.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eColumbia Business School is the business school of Columbia University, a private research university in New York City. Established in 1916, Columbia Business School is one of six Ivy League business schools and is one of the oldest business schools in the world.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=6241.0,6578.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGoldman Sachs is an American multinational investment bank and financial service company. The company was founded in 1869 by Marcus Goldman. He was later joined by his sons-in-law Samuel Sachs and Ludwig Dreyfuss and son Henry, The firmed then adopted the current name Goldman Sachs \u0026amp; Co. Today the company is the second largest investment bank in the world by revenue and the 57th largest corporation in the United States by revenue.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=6241.0,6578.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Robinson-Humphrey Company was one of Atlanta's oldest and most important companies. It was acquired by SunTrust Banks in 2001. SunTrust Banks, Inc. was an American bank holding company with SunTrust Bank as its largest subsidiary and assets. The bank's most direct corporate parent was established in 1891 in Atlanta, where it was headquartered. In February 2019, SunTrust Banks announced its pending purchase by BB\u0026amp;T.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=6241.0,6578.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSalomon Brothers, Inc., was an American multinational bulge bracket investment bank headquartered in New York City. It was one of the five largest investment banking enterprises in the United States and a very profitable firm on Wall Street during the 1980’s and 1990’s. It was acquired by Travelers Group in 1997, which in turn became part of Citigroup the next year.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=6241.0,6578.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Taft School is a private coeducational school located in Watertown, Connecticut, United States. It enrolls approximately 600 students in grades 9-12. The school was founded in 1890 as Mr. Taft's School (renamed to The Taft School in 1898) by Horace Dutton Taft, the brother of U.S. President William Howard Taft. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=6596.0,6630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDeKalb County School District is located in Dekalb County, Georgia. The district was founded in 1873 and includes 138 schools and more than 102,000 students.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=6643.0,6683.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Episcopal Church is a mainline Protestant Christian denomination. It is a member of the worldwide Anglican Communion. It was founded in 1785 after the American Revolution, when it separate from the Church of England over the requirement of clergy to swear allegiance to the British monarch as the leader Church of England.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=6696.0,6776.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJunior Leagues are educational and charitable women’s organizations aimed at improving their communities through voluntarism and building their members’ civil leadership skills through training. It is an international organization with 293 different chapters.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=6696.0,6776.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391/annotation_set/1667/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSavannah is the oldest city in the state of Georgia. It is a coastal city, separated from Charleston, South Carolina by the Savannah River. The city and the colony of Georgia was founded in 1733 when General James Oglethorpe and settlers arrived. During the Revolutionary War the city was the southernmost commercial port and during the Civil War it was the sixth most populous city in the Confederacy. City officials negotiated a peaceful surrender of the city in 1864, saving the city from destruction by General Sherman’s army. The city is known for its historic district with its 22 parklike squares, which was based on a design known as the Oglethorpe Plan.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/138831/file/257391#t=6696.0,6776.0"}]}]}]}