{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/w37kp7w90t/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Bock, Mike"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1992-08-17 (captured)","1992-08-21 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Bock, Mike, 1907-1998 (Interviewee)","Alpert, Merna (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Audio"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eMike Bock was interviewed by Merna Alpert on August 17 and 21, 1992 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eMichael E. “Mike” Bock was born in Atlanta, Georgia on January 24, 1907. His parents were from Vladivostok, Russia. He worked for the Edison Brothers shoe store chain for over 45 years, retiring as a district manager. A member of Ahavath Achim Synagogue and active participant in the Atlanta Jewish Federation for over 50 years, he was also a Mason. Mike Bock was married to Sonia Marks Bock (1909-1983) until her death, and they had two children: Ivan D. Bock and Ilene Bock Zier. Mr. Bock died the day after his 91st birthday, on January 25, 1998.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eIn his interview, Mike Bock goes over some of his family history. He briefly describes his Jewish education. He talks about what the Jewish community in Atlanta was like during his youth. He recalls a story about his father working in a saloon in Atlanta before starting his own shoe repair business. Mike reflects on the diversity in his neighborhood growing up and the aftermath of Leo Frank’s murder in 1915. He talks about attending Tech High School and participating in their ROTC program. He remembers his experiences selling newspapers on street corners in Five Points as a boy. Mike details working in his father’s store before getting a job as a stock boy at a Baker’s shoe store through his older brother’s friendship with Mark Edison. He recalls what a walk down Decatur Street with all of its merchants would have looked like when he was young. Mike describes rising through the ranks of the Edison Brothers chain and eventually becoming a district manager. He discusses traveling for work and moving from Memphis, Tennessee, back to Atlanta when he got married. He reflects on his relative lack of involvement in Atlanta Jewish activities because of the amount of traveling he was required to do for work. He recalls the Great Depression and the unexpected positive impact it had on the Edison Brothers shoe business. He explains a few of the different shoe retail chains under the Edison Brothers umbrella, including Baker’s, Chandler’s and Burts. Mike talks about having children and buying a house in Atlanta. He discusses his membership of Ahavath Achim Synagogue. He recalls some of the recreational activities that were available in Atlanta for children and families. Mike shares some excerpts from his grandson’s high school project on Atlanta’s Oakland Cemetery. He mentions his memories of the Progressive Club. He recalls the names and businesses of a number of Jewish merchants who operated in Atlanta. He reminisces on the perks of delivering newspapers, which included attending shows at the Atlanta Municipal Auditorium and Atlanta Crackers baseball games free of charge. He offers his memories of the Jewish Educational Alliance (now the Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta). Mike recalls the names of the families that produced kosher bread, milk, and meats in Atlanta. He recounts a story about why Fulton National Bank was often referred to as the “Jewish bank.” Mike discusses the ins and outs of the shoe business during World War II and the impact of wartime rationing. He reflects on the growing size of the Jewish community in Atlanta and on instilling a sense of religiosity in his children and grandchildren. He concludes his interview by discussing his work as an amateur sign maker for local Jewish organizations.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/29200"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Bock, Michael E., 1907-1998 (personal name)","Jacobs, Aaron A. (personal name)","Gavron, Janie Landau, 1910-2010 (personal name)","Stern, Sonya “Sunny” (personal name)","Frank, Leo Max, 1884-1915 (personal name)","Edison, Mark Aaron, 1895-1951 (personal name)","Cohen, Rae Alice Bernstein, 1918-1997 (personal name)","Bock, Sarah Boriskey, 1874-1918 (personal name)","Rich, Morris, 1847-1928 (personal name)","Mitchell, Margaret Munnerlyn, 1900-1949 (personal name)","Jones, Robert “Bobby” Tyre Jr., 1902-1971 (personal name)","Hood, John Bell, 1831-1879 (personal name)","Austell, Alfred, 1814-1881 (personal name)","Logan, Carrie Steele, c.1829-1900 (personal name)","Tate, James, d.1897 (personal name)","Formwalt, Moses W., 1820-1852 (personal name)","Medintz, Barney, 1910-1960 (personal name)","Kriegshaber, Victor Hugo, 1859-1934 (personal name)","Turner, Robert Edward III ‘Ted,” 1938- (personal name)","Weinstock, Jacob “Jack,” 1890-1961 (personal name)","Levitas, Ida Goldstein, 1897-1987 (personal name)","Geffen, Tobias, 1870-1970 (personal name)","Taylor, Esther Kahn, 1905-1992 (personal name)","Edison, Harry, 1890-1966 (personal name)","Bock, Isaac, 1876-1933 (personal name)","Bock, Sonia Marks, 1909-1983 (personal name)","American Jewish Committee (corporate name)","Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta (corporate name)","National Council of Jewish Women (corporate name)","Ahavath Achim Synagogue---Atlanta, Ga. (corporate name)","William Breman Jewish Home (corporate name)","B’nai B’rith International (corporate name)","Tech High School---Atlanta, Ga. (corporate name)","Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC) (corporate name)","Atlanta Journal-Constitution (corporate name)","The Atlanta Georgian (corporate name)","Rich’s---Atlanta, Ga. (corporate name)","Mangel Stores Corporation (corporate name)","Edison Brothers Stores, Inc. (corporate name)","Bakers Shoes (corporate name)","Jacobs’ Pharmacy---Atlanta, Ga. (corporate name)","Ahavath Achim Synagogue Sisterhood---Atlanta, Ga. (corporate name)","Chandler’s---Atlanta, Ga. (corporate name)","Burt’s---Atlanta, Ga. (corporate name)","Freemasons (corporate name)","Progressive Club (corporate name)","Camp Barney Medintz---Cleveland, Ga. (corporate name)","Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta (corporate name)","Weinstock’s Flowers and Gifts---Atlanta, Ga. (corporate name)","Georgia State University (corporate name)","Atlanta Crackers (corporate name)","Atlanta Linen Supply Company (corporate name)","Congregation Shearith Israel---Atlanta, Ga. (corporate name)","Gold’s Delicatessen---Atlanta, Ga. (corporate name)","Fulton National Bank (corporate name)","United Service Organizations (corporate name)","Greenfield Hebrew Academy---Sandy Springs, Ga. (corporate name)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","Vladivostok, Russia (geographic term)","Decatur Street---Atlanta, Ga. (geographic term)","Ellis Island---New York, N.Y. (geographic term)","Five Points---Atlanta, Ga. (geographic term)","Atlanta Union Station (1930) (geographic term)","St. Louis, Missouri (geographic term)","Memphis, Tennessee (geographic term)","Lakewood Fairgrounds---Atlanta, Ga. (geographic term)","Miami Beach, Florida (geographic term)","Oakland Cemetery---Atlanta, Ga. (geographic term)","Greenwood Cemetery---Atlanta, Ga. (geographic term)","Mooney’s Lake---Atlanta, Ga. (geographic term)","Peachtree Arcade---Atlanta, Ga. (geographic term)","Atlanta Municipal Auditorium (geographic term)","Fox Theatre---Atlanta, Ga. (geographic term)","Ponce de Leon Park---Atlanta, Ga. (geographic term)","Confederate Obelisk---Atlanta, Ga. (geographic term)","Orthodox Judaism (topical term)","Conservative Judaism (topical term)","Bar mitzvah (topical term)","Kosher food (topical term)","Prohibition---United States (topical term)","World War I (topical term)","Coca-Cola (topical term)","World War II (topical term)","Great Depression (topical term)","Shoe stores (topical term)","Israeli Statehood (topical term)","Hebrew school (topical term)","Jews---Georgia (topical term)","World War II---United States---Rations (topical term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eMike Bock was interviewed by Merna Alpert on August 17 and 21, 1992 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMichael E. \u0026ldquo;Mike\u0026rdquo; Bock was born in Atlanta, Georgia on January 24, 1907. His parents were from Vladivostok, Russia. He worked for the Edison Brothers shoe store chain for over 45 years, retiring as a district manager. A member of Ahavath Achim Synagogue and active participant in the Atlanta Jewish Federation for over 50 years, he was also a Mason. Mike Bock was married to Sonia Marks Bock (1909-1983) until her death, and they had two children: Ivan D. Bock and Ilene Bock Zier. Mr. Bock died the day after his 91st birthday, on January 25, 1998.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn his interview, Mike Bock goes over some of his family history. He briefly describes his Jewish education. He talks about what the Jewish community in Atlanta was like during his youth. He recalls a story about his father working in a saloon in Atlanta before starting his own shoe repair business. Mike reflects on the diversity in his neighborhood growing up and the aftermath of Leo Frank\u0026rsquo;s murder in 1915. He talks about attending Tech High School and participating in their ROTC program. He remembers his experiences selling newspapers on street corners in Five Points as a boy. Mike details working in his father\u0026rsquo;s store before getting a job as a stock boy at a Baker\u0026rsquo;s shoe store through his older brother\u0026rsquo;s friendship with Mark Edison. He recalls what a walk down Decatur Street with all of its merchants would have looked like when he was young. Mike describes rising through the ranks of the Edison Brothers chain and eventually becoming a district manager. He discusses traveling for work and moving from Memphis, Tennessee, back to Atlanta when he got married. He reflects on his relative lack of involvement in Atlanta Jewish activities because of the amount of traveling he was required to do for work. He recalls the Great Depression and the unexpected positive impact it had on the Edison Brothers shoe business. He explains a few of the different shoe retail chains under the Edison Brothers umbrella, including Baker\u0026rsquo;s, Chandler\u0026rsquo;s and Burts. Mike talks about having children and buying a house in Atlanta. He discusses his membership of Ahavath Achim Synagogue. He recalls some of the recreational activities that were available in Atlanta for children and families. Mike shares some excerpts from his grandson\u0026rsquo;s high school project on Atlanta\u0026rsquo;s Oakland Cemetery. He mentions his memories of the Progressive Club. He recalls the names and businesses of a number of Jewish merchants who operated in Atlanta. He reminisces on the perks of delivering newspapers, which included attending shows at the Atlanta Municipal Auditorium and Atlanta Crackers baseball games free of charge. He offers his memories of the Jewish Educational Alliance (now the Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta). Mike recalls the names of the families that produced kosher bread, milk, and meats in Atlanta. He recounts a story about why Fulton National Bank was often referred to as the \u0026ldquo;Jewish bank.\u0026rdquo; Mike discusses the ins and outs of the shoe business during World War II and the impact of wartime rationing. He reflects on the growing size of the Jewish community in Atlanta and on instilling a sense of religiosity in his children and grandchildren. He concludes his interview by discussing his work as an amateur sign maker for local Jewish organizations.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Bock_Mike.mp3"]},"duration":6449.4,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/208/947/original/Bock_Mike.mp3?1695858269","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":6449.4,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Bock, Mike [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ALPERT: This is Merna Alpert interviewing Mike Bock, B-O-C-K, on August [1]7,\n1992, for the Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta, co-sponsored by the\nAmerican Jewish Committee, the Atlanta Jewish Federation, and the National\nCouncil of Jewish Women. Mr. Bock, they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first asked for a little bit of\nbiographical data, which I will ask you in sequence. The noise heard is the\nsound of a clock turning which will occur regularly. All right. Mr. Bock, your\nfirst name is Mike or Michael?\n\nBOCK: Mike.\n\nALPERT: It was Mike?\n\nBOCK: Michael was. But no one calls me Michael except my baby sister. She's 70\nyears old.\n\nALPERT: All right. And ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"your address, please.\n\nBOCK: 4885 Hidden Branches Drive, Dunwoody [Georgia].\n\nALPERT: Dunwoody. All right. And the phone, please.\n\nBOCK: 394 . . .\n\nALPERT: . . . 394 . . .\n\nBOCK: . . . 13 . . .\n\nALPERT: . . . 13 . . .\n\nBOCK: . . . 61 . . .\n\nALPERT: . . . 61. All right. Where were you born, sir, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and when?\n\nBOCK: I was born in Atlanta, Georgia.\n\nALPERT: All right. And when?\n\nBOCK: January 24, 1907.\n\nALPERT: Very good. They ask for religious and cultural background. I know you're\nJewish, but would you say your background, your family, Orthodox, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Conservative,\ncultural, whatever?\n\nBOCK: I grew up Orthodox.\n\nALPERT: Okay.\n\nBOCK: Today I am more Conservative.\n\nALPERT: All right. And your parents' names and their birthplace?\n\nBOCK: I didn't get that.\n\nALPERT: Your parents' names and their birthplace? Your mother's name first.\n\nBOCK: Sarah.\n\nALPERT: Sarah what? Maiden name as well as Bock.\n\nBOCK: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Boriskey, B-O-R-I-S-K-E-Y.\n\nALPERT: E-Y. Bock. All right. And her birthplace please?\n\nBOCK: Russia, of course. That's as much as I . . .\n\nALPERT: . . . as you know.\n\nBOCK: I remember a little town called [Vladivostok].\n\nALPERT: All right. I'll put ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"V-A-L-K-O-V-I-S-K.\n\nBOCK: You're as close as I would be.\n\nALPERT: All right. And your father?\n\nBOCK: Isaac.\n\nALPERT: Isaac Bock?\n\nBOCK: Yes.\n\nALPERT: And his birthplace?\n\nBOCK: Same.\n\nALPERT: All right. And then they ask for family members. Now you mentioned a\nbaby sister. Why don't you give . . . any other brothers and sisters?\n\nBOCK: None of them ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are around today.\n\nALPERT: How many were there originally?\n\nBOCK: Nine.\n\nALPERT: Nine siblings. Nine without you?\n\nBOCK: With me.\n\nALPERT: With you. All right.\n\nBOCK: I have a stepmother and have two stepsisters.\n\nALPERT: That's included in the . . .\n\nBOCK: . . . yes.\n\nALPERT: Okay. How many brothers and how many sisters?\n\nBOCK: Four brothers and four ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sisters.\n\nALPERT: Where do you fit in age wise? Are you one of the youngest or are you the\noldest or in the middle?\n\nBOCK: I was the third one born.\n\nALPERT: Third eldest. And how many of them are still around now?\n\nBOCK: Just one.\n\nALPERT: Only one sister? All right. Is she here in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta?\n\nBOCK: Yes.\n\nALPERT: Now, they ask about your education, sir.\n\nBOCK: High school.\n\nALPERT: Graduated high school? All right. They don't ask about Jewish . . . you\nwent to public schools?\n\nBOCK: Yes. And Hebrew school.\n\nALPERT: All right. Hebrew school. Bar mitzvah?\n\nBOCK: Yes.\n\nALPERT: Okay.\n\nBOCK: I had a . . . it wasn't like a synagogue. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We went to a private teacher.\n\nALPERT: Like a shuler?\n\nBOCK: He was a rabbi, and he read the Torah and [indistinct: 00:05:13] with the\nJacobs family. You've heard of the Jacobs family, I'm sure, in Atlanta? This was\nthe father and uncle of them [possibly: Aaron A. Jacobs].\n\nALPERT: All right. And this was Rabbi Jacobs?\n\nBOCK: Mr. Jacobs, I guess, would be better. But ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he could classify as a rabbi.\n\nALPERT: All right. Okay. Now, they ask your occupation.\n\nBOCK: I'm retired now, working with my son.\n\nALPERT: Wait. Retired from what?\n\nBOCK: Ladies' retail shoes.\n\nALPERT: All right. Shoes. Now working with son. All right. I'm glad to see\nyou're still working.\n\nBOCK: Thank you. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have been through a lot of illnesses, and I hate having to\nstay home. I hope I can work until the last day.\n\nALPERT: Good. All right. Now, your major involvements: one line each, and we'll\nget into all of this more later, but one line each.\n\nBOCK: Major involvements.\n\nALPERT: Yes.\n\nBOCK: Actually none. I don't participate any more in any of them.\n\nALPERT: Your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"career? You're still working.\n\nBOCK: Yes. I belong to organizations, but I don't attend any meetings.\n\nALPERT: All right. Are you what they call a card-carrying member?\n\nBOCK: I guess so, yes.\n\nALPERT: Even if you're not doing it now, have you done any volunteer work?\n\nBOCK: I do it today. I'm a[n] amateur sign ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"maker.\n\nALPERT: Sign maker? Explain it.\n\nBOCK: Card signs. Are you a member of AA [Ahavath Achim Synagogue]?\n\nALPERT: No, I belong to another synagogue.\n\nBOCK: I do all of the little cards for the gift shops. You know Janie Gavron?\n\nALPERT: I know of her.\n\nBOCK: Yes. I was a very good friend of her husband's. We grew up together. And\nJanie runs that. And I've done ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"volunteer work for the [William Breman] Jewish\nHome in signs, B'nai B'rith, whenever they ask me.\n\nALPERT: You sound in much demand in this respect?\n\nBOCK: No, it's kind of . . . the people that used to be there are gone, and they\ndon't call on me too often. But whenever they do, I will help them. And Sunny\nStern . . .\n\nALPERT: . . . from the AJC. I know ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"her.\n\nBOCK: Yes, I know you know Sunny, and I do all her work whenever she needs, with\nthe Atlanta Jewish Committee . . . American Jewish Committee.\n\nALPERT: Yes. All right. Good. Now, they ask have you been politically active in\nthe political scene?\n\nBOCK: No.\n\nALPERT: No. All right. They ask about talent. Your talent is sign making, right?\n\nBOCK: I was in the ladies' shoe business. My career with them was out of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"high school.\n\nALPERT: Wow.\n\nBOCK: For 47 years, one job.\n\nALPERT: Wow. That is a lot. Okay. And then they ask about social involvement,\nlike B'nai B'rith or other.\n\nBOCK: I don't attend any meetings anymore.\n\nALPERT: Okay.\n\nBOCK: I don't drive, and I depend on others. I go out to synagogue . . . that's\nabout the only thing . . . on Saturday mornings, Friday nights, holidays.\n\nALPERT: Good. All ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"right. I'd like to start with a person's early life. You were\nborn here in Atlanta and went to school here. Did you live in the Jewish\ncommunity when you were little?\n\nBOCK: Yes.\n\nALPERT: Tell me about it.\n\nBOCK: Our original community was the second location of the AA, which was on\nGilmer, G-I-L-M-E-R. Have you seen or heard of that? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the Jewish community\nwas surrounding on Gilmer, Hunter, Pratt, Black Rock, Edgewood Avenue. That was\naround the hospital, too, the first Grady Hospital.\n\nALPERT: That's right.\n\nBOCK: And in fact, I was born 32 Bell Street. I remember the address. I've been\nby there many times, but they've torn it all down and put up some low-income ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"housing.\n\nALPERT: Were you born at home or in the hospital?\n\nBOCK: Yes. In those days, there were two families. Across the street was the\nSmith family. I don't know how many of them are left now. Benny Smith. Do you\nknow Benny? He's one of . . . there were ten children.\n\nALPERT: Wow.\n\nBOCK: His mother would come across the street and deliver one of us, and my\nmother would go across the street and deliver one of them.\n\nALPERT: And you all grew ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up healthy.\n\nBOCK: Well . . .\n\nALPERT: . . . mostly . . .\n\nBOCK: . . . to a certain extent.\n\nALPERT: Good.\n\nBOCK: Unfortunately, on my father's side, we inherited bad kidneys. Yes, I'm\nliving with one kidney since 1949.\n\nALPERT: Fantastic. And you're . . .\n\nBOCK: . . . it shows that a person can go for 43 years with one kidney.\n\nALPERT: That's wonderful.\n\nBOCK: Yes.\n\nALPERT: All right. It also takes careful living, doesn't it?\n\nBOCK: Oh yes. And I also had a heart attack ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after my wife passed away, and had\nto have open heart surgery, double bypass. And you name it, I've had cataract\noperations, I've had vein strippings, I've had this neck . . . so I've had my\nshare of illnesses.\n\nALPERT: It sounds it. But I assume you also had some good times in your life.\n\nBOCK: Yes, very much so, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"yes.\n\nALPERT: In your parents' home growing up, were . . . they kept a kosher home,\nI'm sure.\n\nBOCK: Yes.\n\nALPERT: Were they very Orthodox? Did they attend synagogue regularly and all that?\n\nBOCK: Yes. My father more so than my mother.\n\nALPERT: She was busy with all those children, too.\n\nBOCK: Right. But he lived where he'd have to go there in the morning to be one\nof the ten men for a minyan. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he had a store on Decatur Street, a shoe store.\nWhen he was in Russia, he made Russian boots for the army. He came here as a\nshoemaker. And his uncle, this Boriskey, had a saloon. It was before\nProhibition. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was such an element, the people . . . if you over drank . . .\nthey didn't drink beer like they do today, it was all whiskey. And if one of\nthem fell out . . . not Jewish people. One thing about the Jewish people, they\ncould stop when they had enough. But these were the Christian people, and once\nin a while probably there was a Jewish man, they'd take them to the back, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he'd\nsleep it off and then he'd get up and go, see. And the element wasn't what my\ndad wanted, so he left my Uncle Joe and went to work repairing shoes for our\nneighbor. And after I don't know how many years, he opened his own shoe repair\nshop and he also sold men's shoes.\n\nALPERT: And that's how it developed.\n\nBOCK: Yes.\n\nALPERT: Where was that saloon? Do you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"remember the address?\n\nBOCK: Saloon . . . it was right across the street from the police station. On\nDecatur Street. The police station never moved. It's still there. They built\nbehind it, across the street, and all around it, but the original building, the\nface of it is still the same.\n\nALPERT: All right. When your father and mother came here . . . they came together?\n\nBOCK: No. They were six months later.\n\nALPERT: Oh.\n\nBOCK: My father sent ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for . . . four kids and my mother. They made the trip\nacross the ocean to Ellis Island.\n\nALPERT: Were there other relatives besides your mother's uncle?\n\nBOCK: That . . . it was . . . did I say mother? It was my father's brother.\n\nALPERT: Oh, it was your father's brother.\n\nBOCK: Yes.\n\nALPERT: All right.\n\nBOCK: I'm sorry.\n\nALPERT: That's all right. Father's brother.\n\nBOCK: Joe.\n\nALPERT: And his name was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Joe?\n\nBOCK: Boriskey.\n\nALPERT: B-O-K-R . . .\n\nBOCK: . . . R-I-T-Z-S-K-Y is the way I think it is.\n\nALPERT: Oh. All right. Okay. Because it's good if we can get names correctly and\nplaces and things like that. That's why I ask. Okay. Aside from that uncle, were\nthere any other relatives when your father first came here?\n\nBOCK: A sister. An aunt of mine.\n\nALPERT: Your father's sister?\n\nBOCK: Yes.\n\nALPERT: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She was not married to Boriskey?\n\nBOCK: No, she was married to a Shuman. Her name was Ida, I-D-A, Shuman, S-H-U-M-A-N.\n\nALPERT: Okay. All right.\n\nBOCK: And of course, her husband was Meyer Shuman, M-E-Y-E-R.\n\nALPERT: All right. Now in your growing up, I gather it was a very sort of Jewish\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"neighborhood, and most of your friends were.\n\nBOCK: You say it's a Jewish neighborhood . . .\n\nALPERT: . . . at that time.\n\nBOCK: At that time, we had Blacks, we had Christians, we had Italians. They just\ncame into the neighborhood. They were there and all of a sudden, they were in\nevery direction. There were some Syrians. Yes, I went to school with all except\nBlacks. There were no Blacks when I went to school.\n\nALPERT: Yes, I can . . . that was before that time. Okay. Were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there any . . .\ndo you remember any kind of antisemitism directed at you or your family from way\nback then?\n\nBOCK: No. But of course, I remember the Leo Frank incident, because I was young,\nand my dad had a Black shoemaker. And he would lock him up in the store, never\nlet him get out because Blacks just ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"disappeared.\n\nALPERT: I don't understand.\n\nBOCK: When the Leo Frank . . .\n\nALPERT: . . . I know the incident and what happened.\n\nBOCK: There was a Black person involved at that time, too, and they took it out\non all the rest of the Blacks.\n\nALPERT: Oh. That I did not know.\n\nBOCK: Yes. And there was times when you didn't see a Black person around you.\nThey were afraid they would get beat ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up or killed.\n\nALPERT: Oh. That aspect seems to be not so well-known. I hadn't heard it before.\nOkay. I know that some families got very worried, especially about children,\nduring that time with the Leo Frank business. And some of them went to relatives\nin Alabama or south Georgia. How did . . .\n\nBOCK: . . . I heard that, but I never knew any of them that left. That came\nlater when I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"heard that some of them went out of town.\n\nALPERT: Oh. But your family was not like that?\n\nBOCK: No, not that I recall, no.\n\nALPERT: Okay. And then when . . . but you didn't feel any personal antisemitism particularly?\n\nBOCK: No. There wasn't none.\n\nALPERT: Great.\n\nBOCK: Our schools, our teachers, and our neighbors next door were Christians. In\nfact, two doors away I was born, there was a policeman, a white ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"policeman that\nlived there.\n\nALPERT: Okay.\n\nBOCK: And right on the corner was a Black church. And we'd hear the church bells\nall the time, and we'd see the Black people walking and coming in. Yes.\n\nALPERT: Great. Okay. When you got to high school, was it boys only or boys and\ngirls mixed?\n\nBOCK: Yes. Atlanta had four high schools. We had a Boys' High, a Girls' High, a\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tech High, and a Commercial High. The Commercial High, most of the time the\ngirls went there. They learned typing and shorthand. The Boys' High when they\nwanted to become doctors, lawyers, professionals. The Girls' High, when they\nwanted to get out and go to college. Now, I went to Tech High.\n\nALPERT: What ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did that specialize in?\n\nBOCK: Tech High. They taught you . . .\n\nALPERT: . . . go ahead. Go ahead, I'm just . . .\n\nBOCK: . . . electrical work, carpenter work, paintings, at the line of trade.\n\nALPERT: Okay. There were only boys in that high school?\n\nBOCK: Yes.\n\nALPERT: Did they have extracurricular things going on also?\n\nBOCK: Oh, yes. Sure.\n\nALPERT: What were you interested in?\n\nBOCK: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ROTC [Reserve Officers' Training Corps].\n\nALPERT: In high school?\n\nBOCK: Yes. They gave us uniforms. I had a gun. I couldn't take it out, but I\nwould . . . they would show us the part. We participated in parades, the ROTC. I\nhad a uniform in high school. That was . . . I think it was almost the beginning\nof the ROTC back there.\n\nALPERT: Was that at the beginning, just before or at the beginning of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War\nI, that ROTC?\n\nBOCK: The World War I was 1914 and ended in [19]18, see.\n\nALPERT: [19]18. I know.\n\nBOCK: I was in high school from [19]21 to [19]25.\n\nALPERT: Oh, I'm sorry.\n\nBOCK: That's okay.\n\nALPERT: My addition is not so good. I didn't realize it was there. Were there\nother activities besides your schoolwork that you were interested in?\n\nBOCK: I worked. I sold newspapers and I carried a paper ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"route. And I worked in a\ngrocery store, whatever had to be done. I cleaned windows, I broke up boxes, and\nI wiped the shelves in a grocery store, see. But when I sold newspapers, I was\nright on Five Points. In those days, the owner had to buy a corner. It was kind\nof a hand-me-down. The one that established that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through the newspapers, and\nthey would say, \"Okay, you take this corner, but you've got to sell 250,\" see.\n\"And if you don't, I'll take it away from you. As long as you have 250\" . . .\nI'm just guessing at the amount . . .\n\nALPERT: . . . yes, that's okay . . .\n\nBOCK: . . . \"that's your corner.\" See? We had three newspapers.\n\nALPERT: In Atlanta then?\n\nBOCK: Yes. We had . . .\n\nALPERT: . . . three dailys?\n\nBOCK: Three dailys. We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had one morning and two afternoon. The [Atlanta]\nConstitution is still . . .\n\nALPERT: . . . going on.\n\nBOCK: We had The [Atlanta] Journal, which is the Cox, and they bought The\nConstitution. Then we had the afternoon paper, Hearst in California, called The\n[Atlanta] Georgian.\n\nALPERT: It seems odd that there were three newspapers when the population was\nmuch smaller.\n\nBOCK: Atlanta was a big city then. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When you look around, when towns like\nLakeland had 25,000, Atlanta was already a 150,000. See? And don't forget, we\nwere a big tourist attraction. Many people came here. We were . . . our railroad\ncenter was one of the largest in the South. You name it, they came through\nAtlanta, north, south, going east, going west.\n\nALPERT: Did you ever work in that railroad center?\n\nBOCK: I never worked there, but I used ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it in my travel when I was in the shoe\nbusiness, yes. We had two. We had one where the Underground Atlanta is now. We\nhad the Southern Railroad where it still is there, behind Rich's. Are you\nfamiliar? And then we had the one that's where Underground is, called the Union Station.\n\nALPERT: I think many cities name their station the Union Station. I don't know\nwhy, but they did.\n\nBOCK: Yes. But they didn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go too far. Just probably as far as they went was\nNashville [Tennessee]. And they stayed around, west to Alabama. Maybe they did\ngo as far as New Orleans [Louisiana], but I don't think they went any further.\n\nALPERT: Okay. But they all came here, which made this the hub.\n\nBOCK: Came to Atlanta or through Atlanta. Yes.\n\nALPERT: Okay. I was going to ask you, after you got out ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of . . . while you were\nin high school, you had all these odd jobs selling papers and working for a\ngrocery store in many capacities. After you graduated . . . and I assume that\nyour brothers and maybe even your sisters might have helped out, too.\n\nBOCK: You mean financially?\n\nALPERT: Yes, with part-time work like that.\n\nBOCK: Oh, yes. They all lived at home. At one time, we all lived together in one house.\n\nALPERT: Must have been a pretty big house.\n\nBOCK: It was. We slept four, three and four. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Three as a rule, ones that are big.\nAnd then we used mattresses on a back porch with the slats.\n\nALPERT: Oh, yes.\n\nBOCK: And we got fresh air at night, and if we got too cold, we had to come in.\nAnd we had . . . but my father never made a lot of money, but he saw that we had\nfood, shoes, and clothing.\n\nALPERT: That's important.\n\nBOCK: But no luxuries.\n\nALPERT: That's important.\n\nBOCK: It's a funny thing, I have . . . everything you've told ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me I have on paper.\n\nALPERT: Oh, really.\n\nBOCK: Yes, I made notes.\n\nALPERT: Good. All right. Yes, I see. Okay. Now, after high school, did you go\nright into the shoe business?\n\nBOCK: Right in. My dad had a store.\n\nALPERT: And you went into his store?\n\nBOCK: I helped him whenever I could, see. My oldest brother managed Mangel's. Do\nyou remember ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mangel's, New York waste house? Does that ring a bell?\n\nALPERT: No.\n\nBOCK: It's like Lerner's.\n\nALPERT: Oh, all right.\n\nBOCK: See, only Mangel's was a competitor. And he managed their dress shop. In\nthose days, I think 90 percent of their business was blouses. And they had\nskirts, I guess, and then a few dresses. And then they sold hosiery and\nwhatever, brassieres, you know that . . .\n\nALPERT: . . . underwear.\n\nBOCK: And ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he didn't like the idea of me working with my father because he had a\nBlack tailor that did alterations, and my father was there, and I went in to\nhelp him. But my oldest brother . . . God bless him, he's gone . . . said to my\ndad, \"I'm going to get Mike a job. He does not belong here.\" See? Everybody else\nwas working, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but very few of them worked with their fathers, on Decatur Street,\nsee. There's many names I have here that had stores on . . . and their sons got\ninto the business, but it wasn't long that they were out. They became doctors,\nlawyers, dentists, in their day. Some of them even went and opened up their own\nbusinesses. My brother said to my dad, \"Mike cannot work here. You can't depend\non him.\" He was on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Whitehall Street. Across the street was a shoe company called\nBaker's. It's the Edison, E-D-I- . . . by the way, they are all natives, almost.\nThey all were born in Adel, Georgia. Had five brothers and one sister. My\nbrother loved cigars. And one of the Edisons, Mark Edison, and he would see ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"each\nother once a day on a corner buying cigars. He mentioned it to Mr. Mark Edison,\n\"My brother needs a job.\" He says, \"Your brother. Who is he?\" \"Mike. He's 18\nyears old. He just graduated.\" My birthday, being in January, I had a midterm.\nAnd I graduated about the first of February. And he said, \"I need someone.\" This\nwas on a Friday. He ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"says, \"I'm putting on a big sale, and I'm moving. And I will\nneed someone like him.\" He says, \"By the way, you don't have to worry. He reads\nsizes. He sells shoes if you ever need him.\" He had a family shoe store. Men,\nwomen, and children. And sneakers and house shoes. He had a family shoe store.\nMy brother called me. I'm sure we had a phone or came by the house. He was\nalready married. And he ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"says, \"Mike, I want you to get out and meet me in the\nmorning.\" Saturday morning, and I had to skip synagogue. Course, my dad, he\ndidn't like it, but when you're 18 years old, you're still under your parents'\nwings, you got to do what they want. Not today, though. And I got off the bus\ndowntown, and my brother was waiting there. And we went to the shoe store, and\nMr. Edison was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there. He looked at me and he says, \"How old are you?\" I says,\n\"I'm 18 years old.\" He says, \"Do you smoke?\" He was going to give me a cigar,\nsee. I says, \"I don't smoke.\" He says, \"What do you know about shoe business?\" I\nsays, \"Very little.\" I says, \"I've sold a few men's shoes.\" I says, \"And I've\ntaken them off, and my dad half soled them or put heels. I had one of the\nshoeshine boys polish them or something.\" He says, \"Come over here.\" And he\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"says, \"Tell me what this is.\" I says, \"It's a 6B, 6C, 6 and a half.\" I says,\n\"Why?\" He says, \"Well, I just wanted to know if you could read.\" They were fine,\nwonderful people, charming. All of them are gone.\n\nALPERT: You know what would be interesting? And that's how you got that job, I gather.\n\nBOCK: He says, \"Come over here and meet my manager,\" and he put me right to\nwork. At that time, there must have been ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"50 cases. In those days, everything\ncame in wood.\n\nALPERT: Yes.\n\nBOCK: I had to open them with a screwdriver and a chisel and a hammer, and open\nthem up, see. And he gave me one of those little roller stamp things.\n\nALPERT: Oh, yes.\n\nBOCK: And he says, \"When you open this one, call me.\" And he says, \"Line them up\nby sizes.\" And he says, \"I'll tell you the price.\" He never wrote it down. He'd\ncome back every time I'd open a case.\n\nALPERT: Oh, my.\n\nBOCK: Even after I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a stock boy . . . I don't know how long, six, eight\nmonths, then I started selling, see. And there were . . . two brothers had shoe\nstores. The other three brothers, the Edison . . . in fact, they're doing a\nstory. Rae Alice [Bernstein Cohen] is doing a story on the . . .\n\nALPERT: . . . you know what would be interesting, before we go much further? You\nmentioned that you remembered and wrote down the names of the stores on that\nstreet. If you could share them with us?\n\nBOCK: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sure. I have them here.\n\nALPERT: Then, would you?\n\nBOCK: I was talking about Decatur Street.\n\nALPERT: Yes. Okay.\n\nBOCK: Yes. Sure.\n\nALPERT: That would be interesting because they like to know the names of people\nand shops and things.\n\nBOCK: Now I remember the original Broad Street store where Rich's was, on\nWhitehall Street.\n\nALPERT: Was it a large store?\n\nBOCK: Oh, no. I'd say it was probably 25 feet wide ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it went about halfway up\nthe block. Then there was another store on Pryor Street that was back-to-back.\n\nALPERT: Oh, okay. And . . .\n\nBOCK: . . . then it was like Eiseman's, was like Muse's. They were Jewish.\n\nALPERT: All right. Where were they?\n\nBOCK: They were right on the viaduct. You know where the bridge ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is downtown, a\nblock from Five Points, Underground Atlanta?\n\nALPERT: Yes.\n\nBOCK: Yes. They were right there on the end.\n\nALPERT: Okay. Any others?\n\nBOCK: Those were the two downtown stores. Now, on Decatur Street . . . oh, one\nother thing. There was Jacobs' Drugs, were Jewish, and they were downtown.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jacobs' Drug Stores.\n\nALPERT: Do you know where they were located?\n\nBOCK: One was in Five Points, one was on Highland Avenue. Oh, and they were all\nover the city. In fact, the doctor that worked for them is the one that founded\nCoca-Cola. Yes, he was a chemist or some . . .\n\nALPERT: I didn't know that they worked ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for Jacobs' Drug Stores.\n\nBOCK: Yes. They later were bought out by Lane, L-A-N-E.\n\nALPERT: Okay. And the rest is history, as they say.\n\nBOCK: Yes. In fact, they are today the B\u0026B people. They bought . . . now,\nDecatur Street merchants, there was . . . I can't remember all their first names\nbut . . .\n\nALPERT: . . . okay . . .\n\nBOCK: . . . I remember ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Harry Pfeffer. Hey!\n\nALPERT: Today is the 17th of August. I'm interviewing Mr. Mike Bock. Something\nwas wrong with the first tape and we're starting from where we left off on the\nsecond tape. Okay. Mr. Bock, you have been reading to me the names of the\nmerchants on Decatur Street. Would you continue to do so, please, but ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wait . . .\nfirst we . . .\n\nALBERT: Okay. Now, go ahead please.\n\nBOCK: Mr. Shukoff, S-H-U-K-O-F-F. Mr. Glustrom, G-L-U-S-T-R-O-M. Harry Pfeffer,\nP-H-E-F-F-E-R. And Mr. Adair, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A-D-A-I-R. They had also the wholesale people in\nthe clothing business. Mr. Yalovitz, Y-A-L-[O]-V-I-T-Z, was wholesale men's\nshoes and work clothes. Harry Mendel, who was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not on Decatur Street but Gilmer\nStreet, had anything you needed like pants, socks, pillowcases, household ware\nand so forth.\n\nALPERT: Okay. Did these merchants form any kind of an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"association or cooperate\ntogether, or was it very intense competition among them?\n\nBOCK: As well as I remember, they were friendly to each other. When any of these\nmen would pass a store, they would yell, \"Hello, Isaac,\" and then Yiddish, \"How\nare you? Is everything all ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"right?\" As a kid, I understood them very well.\n\nALPERT: Sure. All right. I think you had mentioned some of the business\npractices at that time when you were just starting out. At that time, Black\npeople, you told me, were not permitted to try on new clothes, but your father\ngot around that somehow. Could you tell us that again?\n\nBOCK: They did on Decatur Street, but they did ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not go beyond Five Points. Beyond\nFive Points, they were all mainly white people. And of course, when a Black\nperson was seen, he or she would be with a white family. In these stores on\nDecatur Street, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mainly . . .\n\nALPERT: All right. I'm sorry. Go ahead.\n\nBOCK: Mainly sold used clothing and shoes, used hats also.\n\nALPERT: Okay. And how did your father get so many used shoes ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when he had a shoe\nstore selling new shoes?\n\nBOCK: It was common knowledge among the merchants on Decatur Street to have a\nBlack person that worked as a barber or even those that worked with us would\ntake home a pair of shoes on a Saturday night. He would wear it to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"church, bring\nthem back Monday morning . . . the soles were damaged. Black people in those\ndays were not able to pay the prices for new shoes. Many of them worked as\ncommon laborers on a farm, domestic help. And when they would come in, they\nwould be shown shoes with the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"scuffed bottoms. We never got enough used shoes or\nclothing, so we always had to have extra shoes for the customer. In those days,\nhalf of the population that came on Decatur Street were Blacks and also farmers\nas the rest were on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other streets, even streets like Edgewood Avenue, Peters\nStreet, Stewart Avenue.\n\nALPERT: Okay.\n\nBOCK: Got another question?\n\nALPERT: Okay. When you worked at Edison's, did they do the same thing, have\nsomeone take those shoes home Saturday night and return them?\n\nBOCK: No, we sold all new merchandise. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And of course, everything was brand new.\n\nALPERT: You kind of rose through the ranks at Edison's?\n\nBOCK: Oh, yes. I started as a stock boy, went to a salesman, assistant manager,\nmanager, and a regional manager.\n\nALPERT: Oh, my. That must have had you traveling quite a bit.\n\nBOCK: Yes. When I became a regional manager, I traveled, having ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"15, 18 stores,\nfour and five cities to travel.\n\nALPERT: Were they all in Georgia?\n\nBOCK: No. They were all over the United States, but they were . . . many of us\nwho traveled . . . I had the Atlanta district. We had another one in Texas.\n\nALPERT: I see.\n\nBOCK: One in St. Louis [Missouri], one in Chicago [Illinois].\n\nALPERT: You didn't have to go that far ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"away?\n\nBOCK: I went as far north as Memphis [Tennessee], and as far south as Miami\n[Florida], and west to Alabama. We had a district in New Orleans [Louisiana]\nthat came east as far as Alabama.\n\nALPERT: And you stayed with Edison for most of your working life?\n\nBOCK: My entire 40 years in one company and one job.\n\nALPERT: My ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"goodness. All right. With all that traveling and working, you found\ntime to get married?\n\nBOCK: Yes. When I got married, I was 30 years old. And my wife 28.\n\nALPERT: And then you lived in Atlanta?\n\nBOCK: At the time I got married, I was living in Memphis. And I traveled from\nMemphis ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"south, Chattanooga [Tennessee], Atlanta, Jacksonville [Florida], Tampa\n[Florida], Atlanta, Alabama.\n\nALPERT: Oh. That really your beginning married life was in Memphis, not in Atlanta?\n\nBOCK: When I informed my boss, Mr. Edison, that I was getting married, he\nthought I would be better off to go to Atlanta.\n\nALPERT: Why?\n\nBOCK: A ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stranger in a city, my wife probably would be lonesome, unhappy. Not\nthat he told me this, I surmised it. In Atlanta, I had my family, our friends,\nrelatives, and it made it easier for her to get started in married life.\n\nALPERT: Was she from Atlanta also?\n\nBOCK: She was originally from New York. She moved to Miami about three ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years\nbefore we got married. She had two brothers in the wholesale ladies'\nready-to-wear. She was a bookkeeper. She managed their office. One brother was a\nbuyer and stayed in Miami. The other one traveled in a car.\n\nALPERT: When you traveled, for how long a period were you away from home?\n\nBOCK: It would all depend. If I had a problem ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"manager or a problem help, if I\nwas opening a new store . . . a new store would be anywhere from two to three weeks.\n\nALPERT: Away, just handling the opening?\n\nBOCK: Right. After the opening and in my other stores, I would visit them at\nleast three to four times a year.\n\nALPERT: When you went on these trips when you were living in Memphis, and you\nwent to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chattanooga, Atlanta, Jacksonville, and then into Florida, you were\nprobably away for a chunk of time?\n\nBOCK: I . . . very seldom . . . I would have to come back in almost every\nweekend. I'd work about halfway down and then stop and go back. Being a regional\nmanager, there was a lot of paperwork.\n\nALPERT: I'm sure.\n\nBOCK: And there were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"always problems that I had to do or correct, and then we\nmade visits to our home office in St. Louis. I would go as often as I find it\nnecessary. But we always had our annual meeting, and the wives most of the time,\nwould be with us. We would be busy all ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"day with our meetings, and the wives were\nentertained. And evenings, we would continue our meetings while the women were\nentertained. Concerts, movies, or just a gathering of ten or 15 of home office\nemployees at one of their homes.\n\nALPERT: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All right. After you married, you moved back to Atlanta, right?\n\nBOCK: Yes.\n\nALPERT: In your own home, did you keep it Orthodox, or was that impossible?\n\nBOCK: In my own home, we were not Orthodox.\n\nALPERT: Okay. But . . . were you active in the synagogue at all?\n\nBOCK: I wouldn't say active. I was never home.\n\nALPERT: That's true.\n\nBOCK: And I have been a lifetime ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"member of our one synagogue here.\n\nALPERT: Oh, which one?\n\nBOCK: AA. I was bar mitzvahed in the one that was on Gilmer Street in 1920.\n\nALPERT: Did your wife participate in the Sisterhood activities?\n\nBOCK: Yes. She belonged to the Sisterhood and was active in collecting dues,\ncalling on the sick, newcomers to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta. She and a sister and a sister-in-law,\nthe three of them were always together.\n\nALPERT: Oh, it's nice that she had that kind of close companionship, you know.\nAnd did you have children?\n\nBOCK: Yes.\n\nALPERT: How many?\n\nBOCK: 1936 we were married, and 1938 our daughter was born.\n\nALPERT: Her name?\n\nBOCK: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ilene, I-L-E-N-E.\n\nALPERT: Oh, that's nice.\n\nBOCK: And we had one son, Ivan, who was born in St. Louis when I was asked to\ncome in and help during the Second World War. They were drafting many people. It\nwas easier to get someone in a territory than ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to bring someone green into the office.\n\nALPERT: True.\n\nBOCK: I had experience in traveling, trouble-shooter, opening new stores,\nhelping out whatever is necessary in the office.\n\nALPERT: You were probably very valuable to them.\n\nBOCK: Yes. They needed me very much, yes.\n\nALPERT: You know what we've skipped over completely? The big Depression in the Thirties.\n\nBOCK: In ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Depression, I was a regional manager in the Thirties. In fact, I\nbecame a regional manager in 1929. Depression was some of our biggest profit years.\n\nALPERT: Really.\n\nBOCK: We had low prices. And we moved into a city and opened a store. They had\nnever seen merchandise like ours. They would have to go into a family shoe\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"store. They had a poor selection. We were all-readies. Edison Brothers was the\nfirst in the United States to establish a one price, all-ready shoe store. They\nwere family shoe stores. And in the window, if they had a dozen ladies' shoes,\nthere were a dozen prices.\n\nALPERT: Yes, I understand.\n\nBOCK: The same for men and same for women. If they paid $4, they had to mark up\nso much. They paid ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"$5, they had to mark up. The prices varied. But one of the\nEdisons . . . I'm trying to remember . . . anyway, got the idea. He was in the\nladies' shoe business at the time. And with the many prices, he decided he was\ngoing to try a one price all ladies' shoe store. And the first one in America, I\nwould say, and I don't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know if in the world, was right here in Atlanta, Georgia,\non the corner of Whitehall and Alabama Street. It was called Chandler's, C-H-A-N-D-L-E-R-S.\n\nALPERT: I recall that name.\n\nBOCK: Yes. We later opened . . . any by the way, the shoes were all $3.95.\n\nALPERT: Really?\n\nBOCK: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1922.\n\nALPERT: You can tell it was not recently.\n\nBOCK: 1925, they decided they wanted a lower price shoe store, and they were\nopened under the name of Baker's. They were $2.99.\n\nALPERT: Wow.\n\nBOCK: And later on, we opened a third chain called Burts, B-U-R-T-S.\n\nALPERT: Also ladies' shoes?\n\nBOCK: All ladies' ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"shoes. When we opened Baker's, Chandler's went up to $5.\n\nALPERT: I see.\n\nBOCK: They were $3.99. Baker's had opened at $2.99, went up to $3.99. The Burt's\nchain opened up at $2.99. We were just like General Motors. We had the Cadillac,\nthe Buick, and the Chevrolet.\n\nALPERT: That's well ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said. Okay. You had the two children during this period, the\nboy and the girl.\n\nBOCK: Yes.\n\nALPERT: Are they still living in Atlanta, your children?\n\nBOCK: Yes.\n\nALPERT: Your daughter's married? What's her name now?\n\nBOCK: Yes, my daughter's been married 32 years.\n\nALPERT: Oh, my.\n\nBOCK: And my son's been married 25 years.\n\nALPERT: Okay. Is he also in the shoe business, or no?\n\nBOCK: He started working extra at 16 part time in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"shoe store. He sold shoes.\nHe did anything they asked him to.\n\nALPERT: Sure.\n\nBOCK: And it was in high school when he started in the shoe business.\n\nALPERT: Okay.\n\nBOCK: He worked Saturdays, holidays, summertime, and he liked it very much. And\nhe worked until he went to college. When he was 18. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And my daughter worked also\nin a store selling family clothing until she went to college. They both went out\nof town.\n\nALPERT: Oh, okay. When your youngest one, who was your son, right?\n\nBOCK: Yes.\n\nALPERT: When he went away to college, did you and your wife sort of like have a\nsecond honeymoon, have a house without ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children?\n\nBOCK: When I returned from St. Louis after a year, my daughter was three, my son\nborn in St. Louis was three weeks old.\n\nALPERT: Oh, my.\n\nBOCK: Coming back to Atlanta in 1942, there were not many houses that you could\nrent with children.\n\nALPERT: All right.\n\nBOCK: They didn't want them in an apartment, and I didn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know whether we wanted\nto get into a home right away. We moved in with my oldest brother for about six\nmonths. Not being able to find an apartment, I decided I was going to buy a home.\n\nALPERT: Yes.\n\nBOCK: We did in 1942. And we stayed in the home 26 years.\n\nALPERT: That's almost a current lifetime. Where was that located more or less?\n\nBOCK: It was in a section ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where Jewish people were moving from Gilmer, Capitol\nAvenue, Washington Street.\n\nALPERT: And they were moving to?\n\nBOCK: To Johnson Estates. It was Johnson Road. It was Noble Drive, Lenox Park,\nHighland Avenue.\n\nALPERT: All right. I was just curious to know, you know? I know movement of\npeoples throughout the city. Okay. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you went to the AA synagogue through all\nof that?\n\nBOCK: Yes, I always belonged to the AA, while all my family were there.\n\nALPERT: Was it close to where you moved to or was it further away?\n\nBOCK: Our synagogue . . . now, I can't remember . . . it must be in the early\nThirties now, but before that it was on Washington Street.\n\nALPERT: Yes, that was where you were bar mitzvahed, right?\n\nBOCK: No, I was bar mitzvahed on Gilmer Street in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1920. We went to Washington\nAvenue about 1940. And then from Washington Avenue over to Northside Drive and .\n. .\n\nALPERT: . . . yes, Peachtree Battle [Avenue].\n\nBOCK: Peachtree Battle, yes.\n\nALPERT: Right. Oh, I see. I thought they had moved there earlier.\n\nBOCK: No.\n\nALPERT: All right. My mistake. Okay. What were some of the things going on in\nthe Atlanta Jewish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"community? Or were you aware of them, or were you too busy\nworking and being out of town so much?\n\nBOCK: Atlanta was a very active Jewish community. Everybody knew everyone that\nlived here. And it wasn't long if a newcomer came to Atlanta, they would welcome\nthem, take them into their homes, and as a neighbor, naturally . . .\n\nALPERT: . . . go ahead . . .\n\nBOCK: . . . they became very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"close friends. And through meeting their neighbors,\nthey met other friends and relatives.\n\nALPERT: Oh, that's nice. Did you have time to get involved at all in the\nactivities of the synagogue or any other social or community kinds of things? Or\nwere you too involved in your work?\n\nBOCK: I was busy. I had no time to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"help, although we were called on to\ncontribute . . .\n\nALPERT: . . . oh, sure . . .\n\nBOCK: . . . to all organizations, which we did, and still belong to them. And I\nbelieve in . . .\n\nALPERT: . . . oh, sure . . .\n\nBOCK: . . . being charitable.\n\nALPERT: Yes, sure. I guess I meant more than the financial contribution. I was\nthinking of being involved in the special events that an organization might ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hold\nor the running of the organization, to be an officer of it.\n\nBOCK: No, I never became active in a Jewish organization.\n\nALPERT: Okay.\n\nBOCK: I became a Mason, and attended some meetings, if it were something\nimportant. Otherwise, as you have mentioned, too busy to be active.\n\nALPERT: I can understand that, especially if you had a big territory ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to cover.\nWhat did you do for relaxation, for recreation? You and your family, or you and\nyour wife?\n\nBOCK: That's one of the . . . in Atlanta, very few of us as kids . . . no family\ncars. There were street cars. There were tracks in the middle of the street, and overhead.\n\nALPERT: Oh, the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wires?\n\nBOCK: Electrical cable.\n\nALPERT: Yes.\n\nBOCK: And every Sunday, the family would pack up a lunch, drinks, even take a\nwatermelon. I remember that.\n\nALPERT: Sure.\n\nBOCK: And go to Whitewood [Lakewood] Park. It was an amusement park, like a\ncircus. They had the ferris wheel. They had different games. Kids . . . they\nwould go horseback riding. I remember they had horses. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then as it got dark,\nthere was a free movie.\n\nALPERT: Oh, my.\n\nBOCK: We sat on benches and on the ground to watch a movie. And that was every Sunday.\n\nALPERT: In the summertime?\n\nBOCK: In the summertime. In the wintertime, we were at home in front of the fireplace.\n\nALPERT: And you all had fireplaces, right?\n\nBOCK: You ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bet.\n\nALPERT: Okay. All right. And it was more homespun kind of things then? All\nright. Did you get a chance to travel for pleasure at all?\n\nBOCK: Yes. When the children were old enough to travel, we would go to Miami\nBeach [Florida]. That was my wife's second home, family and friends.\n\nALPERT: Oh, sure.\n\nBOCK: We would also ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go with a sister and a sister-in-law, sometimes with their\nhusband and kids, and sometimes just the mothers and children would go and join\nus. We would take an apartment on the beach in Miami, and they would cook, the\nkids would swim all day. And that was a vacation.\n\nALPERT: Yes. Certainly different.\n\nBOCK: Yes.\n\nALPERT: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Did you do any traveling even within the United States, say, with your\nwife, separate from business? Aside from the vacations in Miami which, you know,\nso she had family there, too.\n\nBOCK: We would take some time off if there was a wedding in Memphis or a wedding\nin St. Louis or Miami. That was the only time. We never took a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"vacation by\nourselves unless it was something . . .\n\nALPERT: . . . like that . . .\n\nBOCK: . . . like a happy occasion where the children were not invited.\n\nALPERT: Those things happen, too. You know, also, I think last time I was here,\nyou showed me a project that your grandson . . .\n\nBOCK: . . . yes.\n\nALPERT: I'm sorry I didn't have you describe that project because it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"related to\nOakland Cemetery. Can you tell me more about it?\n\nBOCK: That's right. When he was in his senior year in high school, my grandson\nhad a choice of several subjects.\n\nALPERT: I'm listening\n\nBOCK: To make a book report and pictures, he chose Oakland Cemetery. He had\nremembered me talking about his ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"great-grandmother being buried in Oakland in 1918.\n\nALPERT: That was your mother?\n\nBOCK: My mother. And he had to have the help of his father to drive him, and we\nall went to the cemetery. My son, Ivan, made the pictures. He put the\ndescriptions from the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tombstones and the markers, and then after they were\ndeveloped, put them on poster boards. And of course, he took his\ngreat-grandmother's grave. Interesting, one side was English, and the other side\nwas Hebrew.\n\nALPERT: Oh really?\n\nBOCK: Double side.\n\nALPERT: I didn't realize that. Was your father also buried there?\n\nBOCK: No, my father remarried ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a year after my mother passed away. That was in\n1919. And he passed away in 1933. And they had a double grave in Greenwood [Cemetery].\n\nALPERT: Oh, I see. They are together.\n\nBOCK: Right. My stepmother is buried next to my father.\n\nALPERT: And not in Oakland Cemetery.\n\nBOCK: No.\n\nALPERT: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's quite something for your family to have the picture of you\nmother's tombstone, then.\n\nBOCK: Yes. And they have very famous people out there, which I'll show you in\njust a minute.\n\nALPERT: Show me?\n\nBOCK: I have them with me. I brought them.\n\nALPERT: All right.\n\nALPERT: All right.\n\nBOCK: This is the Jewish section. And of course, the kosher space monuments\nmarked the Eastern European Jewish section. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews from Eastern Europe came to\nAtlanta later than those who migrated from Germany.\n\nALPERT: Right.\n\nBOCK: And this was my . . .\n\nALPERT: . . . Sarah.\n\nBOCK: Sarah Bock. 1918 when . . . the year [of] the First World War. She died in\nJanuary. And November . . . \"she was my granddad's mom and my great-grandmother.\nIt was the greatest thrill to me going to the cemetery. This is the English side\nand on the back of it is the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hebrew side.\"\n\nALPERT: That's unusual. Do you want to read to me some of these others?\n\nBOCK: Are you taping it?\n\nALPERT: Yes, sure.\n\nBOCK: \"Morris Rich, who opened the Rich Department Store in Atlanta, died in\n1928. He was the founder of Rich's Department Store, now the largest department\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"store south of New York and east of the Mississippi [River]. He is buried in the\nJewish section. Margaret Mitchell Marsh, author of the famous novel Gone with\nthe Wind. There is no mention of her famous novel on her gravestone. It merely\ngives her name and reads, 'Born in Atlanta, Georgia, November 8, 1900. Died in\nAtlanta, Georgia, August ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"16, 1949.'\"\n\nALPERT: Okay.\n\nBOCK: \"Oakland Cemetery . . .\"\n\nALPERT: . . . entrance . . .\n\nBOCK: \". . . entrance founded in 1850. This is a picture of my grandson. And he\nwas 16 or so. City fathers purchased six acres of land for the use of a\nmunicipal burial ground. Virtually everyone who died in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta between 1850 and\n1884 was buried here. In 1850, Mr. James Nissen . . .\"\n\nALPERT: . . . N-I-S-S-E-N . . .\n\nBOCK: . . . \"the first person buried at Oakland Cemetery, fearful that he might\nbe buried alive, he was requested that his doctor sever his jugular vein prior\nto his burial.\"\n\nALPERT: Oh, my. Okay.\n\nBOCK: \"Bobby Jones, the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"golfer. Died in 1971. He made the Grand Slam of golf in\n1930, winning the American Amateur, American Open, British Amateur, and the\nBritish Open. He is regarded as the best amateur ever to play the game. General\nHood died in 1864, the point in the cemetery where General John B. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hood watched\nthe Battle of Atlanta in July 1864.\"\n\nALPERT: Okay.\n\nBOCK: \"Our Confederate dead buried in the cemetery the year 1874.\" Go on.\n\nALPERT: \"The base for this obelisk was laid in 1870, is 20 square feet. The\nshaft rising 65 feet was unveiled four years ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"later. Funds for the monument were\nraised by the Atlanta Ladies' Memorial Association.\" Would you like to stop for\na while now?\n\nBOCK: If you'll go ahead and read it, I'll just listen.\n\nALPERT: All right. \"The Austell family,\" that's A-U-S-T-E-L-L family, \"date\n1882, most elaborate of Oakland's mausoleums. Alfred Austell played an important\nrole in the financial development of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"city. He was one of the original\nincorporators of the first [Atlanta] National Bank.\" \"Carrie Steele Logan who\ndied in 1900. She was the founder of an orphanage for Black children, now known\nas the Carrie Steele-Pitts Home.\" All right. \"James E. Tate, died in 1897. Tate\nopened the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first Black-owned store in Atlanta in 1866 with only $6. Later he\nfounded and taught at the first school for Black children.\" That means there are\npeople of all religions and races in Oakland Cemetery.\n\nBOCK: That's the only cemetery they had.\n\nALPERT: You want me to read more?\n\nBOCK: Yes, go ahead and finish them, if you want, all of them.\n\nALPERT: All right. \"Wade Hill, in 1876. This is one of the oldest ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mausoleums . .\n. at Oakland. Hill's two grandsons are buried here. R.P. Hill shot his brother\nO.C. Hill and then committed suicide.\" Quite a family story.\n\nALPERT: Another. \"Gravestone of Moses Formwalt, who was the first mayor of\nAtlanta. His body lay in an unmarked grave in Oakland until 1911. Then the city\nerected a marker ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dedicated to his memory as the first mayor in 1848.\" Now I'm\nlooking at Mr. Bock's notes that he wrote in anticipation of the interview, and\nwe find a few things we've missed. One of them is swimming. Want to tell me\nabout that?\n\nBOCK: There was a swimming pool . . . actually it was a lake, manmade on a farm\nowned ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by Mr. Mooney. And people would go there to swim.\n\nALPERT: Did you go there as a child?\n\nBOCK: No. I never swam there.\n\nALPERT: You took your children?\n\nBOCK: Never took my children. This was when I was young, and my brothers and\nsisters went there. That was even before there was a place to swim, like the\nProgressive Club that had a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"built-in pool.\n\nALPERT: Okay. Why didn't you go?\n\nBOCK: One reason is I never learned how to swim. When I was growing up, we had a\nYMCA but not a Jewish Y. In later years, we had Progressive Club where we swam\nand used to eat and have dances. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now there was no boys' camp at that time. Later\nyears, it was started by Barney Medintz, and it was called Rutledge.\n\nALPERT: Oh, I thought it was part of the JCC program.\n\nBOCK: Yes, at the state park. And they use it every summer for the Jewish\ncommunity. There was one girls' camp. It was Victor ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kriegshaber. Women only.\n\nALPERT: Interesting. And that was also in the mountains?\n\nBOCK: I really don't know.\n\nALPERT: Okay.\n\nBOCK: And I have one picture of my oldest sister in a bathing suit, all covered\nin those years.\n\nALPERT: Sure.\n\nBOCK: She must have been 16, 18 years old.\n\nALPERT: Okay. But when did the Progressive ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Club start?\n\nBOCK: The Progressive Club must have started in the Thirties. It was on Pryor Street.\n\nALPERT: All the way downtown?\n\nBOCK: Further out from downtown. But only ten minutes from, say, the [Georgia\nState] Capitol. There they had a dance floor and a basketball court. And a fine\ndining room for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"parties, weddings, and so forth. And they used it every Saturday\nnight for dancing, all couples.\n\nALPERT: And did you belong to that club?\n\nBOCK: No.\n\nALPERT: But you went to the dances anyhow?\n\nBOCK: No, I was too young. I didn't start at the Progressive Club until they had\nmoved at 10th Street. Were you ever there on 10th Street? That was before your time.\n\nALPERT: It was . . . not before my time, before I got to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta.\n\nBOCK: Before you got to Atlanta, yes. Anyway, it was sold to Ted Turner who used\nit for a number of years as his main office for all his business.\n\nALPERT: Sure. Wow. Okay.\n\nBOCK: Another interesting note I have here. The policemen, all those that were\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not walking, and some on horses, rode bicycles.\n\nALPERT: Oh. They had policemen riding bicycles?\n\nBOCK: Yes.\n\nALPERT: How do you like that.\n\nBOCK: And there was a Cohen family, C-O-H-[E]-N. Mr. Cohen had . . . several\nsons, excuse me, that helped him in repairing bicycles. That's all he did was\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"repair old bicycles for the police department and for the civilian population.\n\nALPERT: Quite a business.\n\nBOCK: At that time, his oldest son invented the kick stand that holds up the\nbike and motorcycles.\n\nALPERT: Yes, when you stopped, and you want them to be upright.\n\nBOCK: Right. And that's on record. He sold the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"patent years later and never made\na lot of money.\n\nALPERT: Some of the best things in life are free . . . Okay.\n\nBOCK: There was a cap, men's cap, manufacturer. He made it himself. He was a\ntailor, and his name was Manes, M-A-N-E-S.\n\nALPERT: Okay.\n\nBOCK: And he sold caps right out ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of his home on Bell Street.\n\nALPERT: Oh. And caps or hats or . . .\n\nBOCK: . . . just men's and boys' caps.\n\nALPERT: Okay.\n\nBOCK: It's an interesting note.\n\nALPERT: Yes, okay.\n\nBOCK: And I have a florist, too.\n\nALPERT: Fine. Tell us about the florist. Okay.\n\nBOCK: Jack Weinstock, whose name is very familiar ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"today, was the first and only\nflorist, Jewish, in Atlanta.\n\nALPERT: Oh. That I did not know.\n\nBOCK: Jack Weinstock opened his first shop selling flowers in the Whitehall\n[Peachtree] Arcade.\n\nALPERT: Oh. And did he continue that? Did it prosper?\n\nBOCK: Yes. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was probably the first florist in Atlanta to import orchids from Hawaii.\n\nALPERT: I'll bet he had a lot of people clamoring for those.\n\nBOCK: Not many because they were too expensive, even those days. But today they\ngrow them all over the world and they're very cheap. And he later opened up his\ngreenhouse on Piedmont Avenue [Roswell Road], originally sold for a lot of\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"money. I think the Post people bought the property. His son-in-law came into the\nbusiness, Mr. Nathan, and his wife today . . . I don't remember her first name,\nbut Mrs. Nathan is active in the Jewish community.\n\nALPERT: My goodness. These families go back a long time as they stay all here,\ndon't they?\n\nBOCK: That's right.\n\nALPERT: Excuse me . . . your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"eight brothers and sisters, did they stay in\nAtlanta for the most part?\n\nBOCK: They certainly did, all of them. None of them moved away. They all married\nand lived here.\n\nALPERT: In different businesses here?\n\nBOCK: Yes, different. My oldest brother was, as I told you, a manager of a\nladies' shop. My sister was a private secretary, typing and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"shorthand. Another\nsister was a sales lady in a department store. I had a brother that was with\nRich's for a number of years. Another brother that was grocery and meat market.\nDidn't own it but he worked in it. And then I had another brother that was in\nthe shoe business with me, my youngest brother. I have another note ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the\ncity auditorium [Atlanta Municipal Auditorium].\n\nALPERT: Oh, okay. Please tell us.\n\nBOCK: The city auditorium which is still across the street from the college . . .\n\nALPERT: . . . Georgia State . . .\n\nBOCK: . . . Georgia State. Couldn't think of the name. Georgia State. And they\nwould have Metropolitan Opera come there. In later years, they went to the Fox\n[Theatre]. As newsboys, we would ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"see the opera, we'd see a movie, wrestling\nmatches, a band would come to town, and they would put us way up in the gallery,\nfree. The newspaper paid for it.\n\nALPERT: How come?\n\nBOCK: Because we sold papers, carried a route, and they gave us something extra.\n\nALPERT: Oh. How nice.\n\nBOCK: They even would have hot dogs to give us as we went ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through, and eat them,\nand then go up in the . . . we'd go round and round. We had to walk.\n\nALPERT: All the way to the top.\n\nBOCK: I remember the Atlanta baseball team.\n\nALPERT: Wait. Is the city auditorium still being used now?\n\nBOCK: I don't believe it. I think it's been vacant for years, and may have been\ntaken over, I'm not sure, by the school. At one time, they wanted it. It was in\nthe paper. Now this has ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"been a few years back. And I . . .\n\nALPERT: . . . okay . . .\n\nBOCK: . . . completely forget. We also had a southern baseball team called the\nCrackers. Atlanta Crackers. And the owner was Mr. Spiller, and they called it\nSpiller's Park. And here again, if we wanted to see a baseball game after we\nsold papers or after our route, we could ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go there and see three innings or five\ninnings, and they would let us in free. But we always had to go way around the\nback and sit way in the bleachers.\n\nALPERT: The same as being all the way on top in the auditorium.\n\nBOCK: That's right.\n\nALPERT: But they seemed to have given you quite a number of freebies, as they'd\nsay today.\n\nBOCK: Yes. And we had the Grant Park where the zoo is. And some Sundays when we\ndidn't go ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to Lakewood Park, we'd go to Grant Park on the streetcar.\n\nALPERT: Was the zoo in Grant Park at that time?\n\nBOCK: Yes, it was. Not as large.\n\nALPERT: Oh, sure.\n\nBOCK: They didn't have . . . what is it, an elephant house or a snake house or .\n. .\n\nALPERT: . . . the habitats that they have now.\n\nBOCK: Right, that's right. We talked about the Jewish Educational ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Alliance on\nthe old tape.\n\nALPERT: But not very much. You want to tell me a little more about it?\n\nBOCK: I could tell you this. It was on Capitol Avenue. Not far from the state\ncapitol today. I remember the one that was in charge of the Jewish Alliance was\nIda Levitas Goldstein [Goldstein Levitas]. Today, she's 100 years old.\n\nALPERT: And she's still living?\n\nBOCK: Still living.\n\nALPERT: Oh, that's wonderful.\n\nBOCK: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.\n\nALPERT: Great.\n\nBOCK: She has a doctor son [Ted] Levitas, and she has the senator [Elliot Levitas].\n\nALPERT: Yes, the former senator.\n\nBOCK: Now they had the Hebrew classes there, although I never attended them\nthere. I went to private teacher. My dad paid extra to a private teacher. His\nname was Mr. Jacobs. No ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"relation to the one in the drug store.\n\nALPERT: Oh, I was going to ask.\n\nBOCK: This Jacobs was one of the founders of the Atlanta Linen . . .\n\nALPERT: . . . Service . . .\n\nBOCK: . . . Services [Supply Company] in which today they have them all here. At\nthe Alliance, we also had a dance floor upstairs where they had dances for the\nbig ones and also for children. When the children would get to teenagers, they\ncould go there ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"again. In the back, they built the basketball court.\n\nALPERT: For the teenage boys?\n\nBOCK: Right, and men, too.\n\nALPERT: Good.\n\nBOCK: They all started there and then they went to the Progressive Club. They\nhad a basketball club there.\n\nALPERT: Oh, I see.\n\nBOCK: This court had no heat and no air conditioning. And from the roof down\ninside was all open about six [feet], ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4830.0,4860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there was chicken wire all the way\naround it.\n\nALPERT: Oh, my. Oh, that must have been cold in the winter.\n\nBOCK: It was cool. It was cold. We would dress at home, put on our basketball\nclothes and shoes, and then go right and play. There were no shower rooms. We'd\nhave to go home and shower.\n\nALPERT: Oh my. It was just a room to play basketball.\n\nBOCK: A big room, very much like the ones you see in high school ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with wooden\nbenches . . .\n\nALPERT: . . . on the sides . . .\n\nBOCK: . . . both sides.\n\nALPERT: Yes. I think they still . . . the gymnasium basketball court at the\nJewish Community Center now has the benches on both sides.\n\nBOCK: Yes, it still does.\n\nALPERT: Which they can take away, though, when they need to.\n\nBOCK: When they need the space. Yes, that's right. Did we talk about the high schools?\n\nALPERT: Yes.\n\nBOCK: You want to repeat that?\n\nALPERT: No. We have that.\n\nBOCK: You have that?\n\nALPERT: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes. You listened to it just today.\n\nBOCK: Yes, I can remember. Did we talk about the various synagogues we had?\n\nALPERT: No, you mentioned that all your life you've been a member of the AA\nsynagogue, but you didn't mention the others.\n\nBOCK: But we also had the Shearith Israel.\n\nALPERT: Oh. When did that start?\n\nBOCK: That started about the same time. They started on Hunter Street, which is\nabout two blocks from Oakland Cemetery.\n\nALPERT: Oh, I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"didn't realize that.\n\nBOCK: That was their first one. Then they moved way over where they are today.\nAnd the rabbi was Rabbi [Tobias] Geffen, who remained there for many years. And\nhe has a son [Samuel Geffen], a rabbi, I think in New York. And then he has a\nson [Louis Geffen] here that's an attorney. The Geffen family. Did we talk about\nthe bread people?\n\nALPERT: The bread people?\n\nBOCK: Who ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"made the kosher Jewish bread?\n\nALPERT: No.\n\nBOCK: There were two families that I remember the names. One of them was\nTietelbaum and one was the Taylor family.\n\nALPERT: T-A-Y-L-O-R?\n\nBOCK: Yes. You know Esther Taylor?\n\nALPERT: Yes.\n\nBOCK: It was her father.\n\nALPERT: Oh. And they made kosher bread?\n\nBOCK: Yes.\n\nALPERT: For the kosher bakeries.\n\nBOCK: Jewish families here. And they also had men who delivered fresh bread to\nus ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4980.0,5010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"every morning.\n\nALPERT: Oh, my.\n\nBOCK: Except Saturday.\n\nALPERT: That sounds so luxurious now.\n\nBOCK: We had an assortment of bread and bagel. And of course, for the holidays\nthey made the big ones . . .\n\nALPERT: . . . challahs . . .\n\nBOCK: . . . like they do today. But another family was the Tietelbaum's, T-I-E-T-E-L-B-A-U-M.\n\nALPERT: Okay.\n\nBOCK: Tietelbaum. Then the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"milk, kosher milk.\n\nALPERT: Kosher milk, too.\n\nBOCK: There was two Kessler brothers. Each one of them had two or three or four\ncows in their backyard. And they did the milking. They made the cheese. They\nmade the butter. And that's how we got . . . we'd have to go pick up the milk\nand cheese and the butter. And later on, we had another one that moved out not\nfar from Atlanta ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=5040.0,5070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and had a big dairy. His name escapes me at this time.\n\nALPERT: It's not Matthis, is it?\n\nBOCK: No. He's not Jewish. This was . . .\n\nALPERT: . . . I don't know. But it was . . . must have been wonderful to have\nreally fresh cheese and butter and milk and bread.\n\nBOCK: Right.\n\nALPERT: Wow. Probably somebody had chickens and eggs also.\n\nBOCK: We had farmers who would come in . . . almost every Saturday. And my dad\nhad a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"coop in the back of the store. They were live chickens.\n\nALPERT: Oh really?\n\nBOCK: Yes. They would park . . .\n\nALPERT: . . . behind . . .\n\nBOCK: . . . in front of the store and sell fresh vegetables, eggs, corn whiskey.\nIt was prohibition, but they had corn whiskey in those days. And they would walk\nthe mules, horses, to a barn where they would have a shady place to rest, feed\nthem, and give them ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=5100.0,5130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"water. And then when they would sell out, they'd get the\nhorse or mule and bring it back to the wagon.\n\nALPERT: Oh, and then go home, or leave anyway.\n\nBOCK: They would go home.\n\nALPERT: Yes.\n\nBOCK: And we would have a coop that we would carry live chickens, two, four,\nsix. If we were getting ready for the holidays, they would buy extra chickens.\n\nALPERT: Sure.\n\nBOCK: They would bring a duck or a goose. As kids, we had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"duck. Then there were\nseveral kosher butcher shops. Do we have that?\n\nALPERT: I don't think so.\n\nBOCK: The first ones I remember are the Zimmerman brothers. And they were right\nacross the street from our synagogue on Gilmer Street. Then they moved to\nCapitol Avenue. Then there was a G-O-L-D-, Gold. They had meats and a\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=5160.0,5190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"delicatessen [Gold's Delicatessen]. The Zimmermans also had kosher corn beef.\nAnd then there was a Gilmer family, G-I-L-M-E-R. Bennett Merlin, M-E-R-L-I-N.\nAll the Merlins are one family here. And this family brought all the Merlins\nhere. And it was distant second or third or fourth generation of the Merlins.\nThen we had the Jewish catering services. There were two ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=5190.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people, the Siegels and\nthe Cohens.\n\nALPERT: Spell it . . . all right.\n\nBOCK: Hey . . . -G-[E]-L. That was the Siegels.\n\nALPERT: All right. The caterers were the Siegels.\n\nBOCK: And the Cohens.\n\nALPERT: Is that Cohen, C-O-H-E-N? Or . . .\n\nBOCK: . . . yes, C-O-H-E-N.\n\nALPERT: Okay. All right.\n\nBOCK: How about a bank?\n\nALPERT: Bank, too?\n\nBOCK: We had the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=5220.0,5250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Fulton National Bank in Atlanta. Among the Jewish people, it\nwas called the Jewish bank. No Jewish people worked there, but the Jewish\nmerchants after they established themselves and were depositing their money\nthere, could go back and borrow if they needed some money. And when another\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=5250.0,5280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"immigrant would come to Atlanta, and they needed a few hundred dollars to get\nstarted, this Jewish merchant would take the immigrant in the bank. The\nimmigrant couldn't speak English. And he'd tell them that, \"he is here, he's my\nfriend, he's my brother or he's my cousin,\" or something. \"He needs $100.\" They\nwould get it and he would sign for it. And one by one, that's how ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=5280.0,5310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they . . .\n\nALPERT: . . . got started . . .\n\nBOCK: . . . got started, and . . .\n\nALPERT: . . . terrific.\n\nBOCK: And in the early years, it was called the Jewish bank.\n\nALPERT: Oh. I didn't know it worked that way.\n\nBOCK: Yes, it did.\n\nALPERT: I thought it was just personal, within a family or something.\n\nBOCK: No. They would give him $100 or whatever he needed.\n\nALPERT: Yes. You have more?\n\nBOCK: You know the Edison Brothers ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=5310.0,5340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"store started in 1922. They were shoe stores\non Whitehall Street. When I was giving you the early merchants back there in the\n. . .\n\nALPERT: . . . that's where you worked.\n\nBOCK: Yes. In 1910, [19]15, into [19]20. I went to work in 1925, but they\nstarted in 1922.\n\nALPERT: Did any of the Edison family live here in Atlanta?\n\nBOCK: There were five brothers and a sister. They all lived here. Two of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=5340.0,5370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them .\n. . out of the five brothers, two of them were in the shoe business that bought\nthe shoes we sold. One brother bought the hosiery, the collars, and handbags.\n\nALPERT: They were all sort of connected to it?\n\nBOCK: Right. One brother was the financial advisor. He manipulated the loans\nthrough the bank. And here again, it was through the Fulton National Bank. I\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=5370.0,5400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"remember in the middle Forties, Mr. Edison, Harry Edison, came to Atlanta and he\nbought a $1 million bond . . .\n\nALPERT: . . . wow . . .\n\nBOCK: . . . that's 50 years ago . . . through the bank. And we made the newspapers.\n\nALPERT: Sure.\n\nBOCK: And so forth. And the other brother was in the sales department. And he\nwas personnel. And we looked up to him more than any of them ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=5400.0,5430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because he would\ncall us. We would communicate with the transfers of people from store to store.\nAnd he would promote the people. He knew them all because he traveled.\n\nALPERT: Yes. Sure. You know, Mr. Bock, we've been at it now today for quite a\nlong time.\n\nBOCK: Yes, we have. We . . .\n\nALPERT: . . . and we're not really finished yet, are we?\n\nBOCK: You still got something ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=5430.0,5460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"else? I don't have anything else.\n\nALPERT: All right. What I do generally is I go home, I listen all over, see what\nI have forgotten.\n\nBOCK: Okay.\n\nALPERT: And then come back to finish up and also to get that photograph.\n\nBOCK: Yes.\n\nALPERT: All right. Meanwhile, I will ask you to sign the releases. And I think\nwe'll have another interview, but it will be much shorter.\n\nBOCK: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=5460.0,5490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay.\n\nALPERT: And we'll set up a time for it. Okay?\n\nBOCK: . . . some of it is true. Now if I've missed a word or something, if I put\none in a butcher shop where it should be here, I may have made an error. But I\nwould say that . . .\n\nALPERT: . . . that's quite all right.\n\nBOCK: Right here?\n\nALPERT: You've been doing fabulously. Yes, right here. I sign underneath and you\nsign on top and one other ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=5490.0,5520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"place.\n\nALPERT: Today is August 21st, Friday. This is the third interview with Mr. Bock.\n\nMr. Bock, we've covered much of your business life and life, but there are two\nor three things we haven't even touched. World War II came into the picture. And\nwhat was your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=5520.0,5550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"experience with that?\n\nBOCK: I was of age. I was married with one child four years old, and another on\nthe way. I did go to the draft board, and I did carry a draft card.\n\nALPERT: All right. But you were exempted because of the children and such?\n\nBOCK: Family.\n\nALPERT: All right. Did the war affect the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=5550.0,5580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"business?\n\nBOCK: We did fabulous business during the war.\n\nALPERT: Okay. You're very lucky.\n\nBOCK: Our prices were so low from our competitors, when many were not in the\nservice were doing a lot of extra work. And of course, they were helping\nfamilies and they did not have extra ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=5580.0,5610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"money. As we discussed before, we had three\nprice chains.\n\nALPERT: Yes. You've told us about those.\n\nBOCK: Our prices were in line with people who had no extra money. And another\ninteresting fact that there were not many companies opening stores on account of\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=5610.0,5640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"our competitive picture. We signed many leases throughout the United States,\nhoping the war would end soon and we would have everyone home again and then\nstart our expansion program.\n\nALPERT: Tell me, though, even though you were not in the armed forces, did you\nor your wife or your family help out in any way ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=5640.0,5670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"volunteering or in any way?\n\nBOCK: I did not volunteer, although my wife did through the various\norganizations. I know she helped out with the USO [United Service\nOrganizations]. She baked cookies. She helped when the military were in town\nthrough the various Jewish organizations. Also, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=5670.0,5700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"friends and relatives.\n\nALPERT: Sure. Did the Holocaust itself affect you or your family in any way? Did\nyou help in any way in that aspect of it?\n\nBOCK: The only way we helped was buying war bonds.\n\nALPERT: It's a very good way to help.\n\nBOCK: And of course, we had rationing at the time.\n\nALPERT: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=5700.0,5730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.\n\nBOCK: And of course, another reason, giving up our stamps at times also affected\nthe shoe industry.\n\nALPERT: Oh. In what way?\n\nBOCK: We were given gas, food, and shoes. Now there were three shoes that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=5730.0,5760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were\nmade with synthetic soles. If they had leather soles, they had to give up a coupon.\n\nALPERT: I see.\n\nBOCK: We had to take a coupon for every pair of shoes we sold. In return, the\ngovernment had to receive these stamps.\n\nALPERT: Sure.\n\nBOCK: By reordering of merchandise, we gave up the stamps that were given.\n\nALPERT: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=5760.0,5790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay. Actually, the other thing I wanted to ask you about . . . the\nState of Israel was kind of born shortly after the war. How did that affect you\nand your family again, and friends?\n\nBOCK: It was a great surprise . . .\n\nALPERT: . . . yes . . .\n\nBOCK: . . . when we learned that the short war in Israel . . . and it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=5790.0,5820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did affect\nsome of our friends who had relatives in Israel. We only had, through my wife's\nside of the family, a judge in Israel. He went there as a lawyer and became a\njudge. The family heard from him regularly. Although my wife and I never went to\nIsrael, we knew of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=5820.0,5850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him.\n\nALPERT: Sure. Did you exchange pictures at all with him?\n\nBOCK: I believe the family members did, but I don't recall if actually my wife\ngave them pictures. But I'm sure some of her family members did, yes.\n\nALPERT: I see. Okay. The other things that I wanted to ask you about . . . there\nhave ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=5850.0,5880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"been in your lifetime, certainly, many changes in the Jewish community here\nin Atlanta. I wonder how you think about that, whether you think it's for the\nbetter or for worse, or you like the way it's developed, or you don't or why or what.\n\nBOCK: You are absolutely right. There have been many changes in Atlanta with the\nJewish population. First there were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=5880.0,5910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"many newcomers from every country that was .\n. . example, Russia. The immigrants were still coming. I remember a family that\ncame from Africa who had relatives in Atlanta. There was a Mr. Saul, S-A-U-L,\nwho was one of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=5910.0,5940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first members of his family to come to Atlanta.\n\nALPERT: From Africa?\n\nBOCK: No, from Europe.\n\nALPERT: Oh, excuse me.\n\nBOCK: However, some of them went to Africa and some even went to London,\nEngland. And he did, somehow, able to get them to Atlanta. The migration into\nAtlanta in the Jewish population was very slow. It didn't seem like a lot ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=5940.0,5970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of\nJewish people were coming 50 and 60 years ago. But I would say in the last 30 or\n40 years, the Atlanta Jewish population has doubled. They started to branch out\nin every direction of the city. They also formed their own congregations and in\nno time, of our three or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=5970.0,6000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"four synagogues, there were a dozen.\n\nALPERT: There are more than that now.\n\nBOCK: Today, there must be 30.\n\nALPERT: Oh, I think there are at least 20.\n\nBOCK: Twenty.\n\nALPERT: Somewhere between 20 and 30, sure.\n\nBOCK: Yes.\n\nALPERT: You think that's been good?\n\nBOCK: Yes. Certainly, it's been good. I think everybody should have a choice of\nreligion. Of these new ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=6000.0,6030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"synagogues. We have the Temple, Reform. We have others\nthat are Conservative and Orthodox.\n\nALPERT: Oh, yes. All right. Did they have, again maybe not when you were growing\nup but when your children were very young, did they have day schools?\n\nBOCK: You're talking about the American public schools or the Hebrew schools?\n\nALPERT: No, the Hebrew schools which are called day schools because they're ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=6030.0,6060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all\nday long.\n\nBOCK: Yes, they did have them. I remember my kids going through the synagogue.\nOur grandchildren going through the Hebrew Academy.\n\nALPERT: That's also movement, isn't it?\n\nBOCK: Right.\n\nALPERT: Do you think it's a good idea that they have schools . . .\n\nBOCK: . . . Oh, yes . . .\n\nALPERT: . . . like the Hebrew ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=6060.0,6090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Academy and others?\n\nBOCK: I definitely approve of all children should have on form of a religion or\nanother. I deeply believe that they will be better citizens if they belong to a\nreligious group.\n\nALPERT: All right. What helps you believe that?\n\nBOCK: Religion has always been an important ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=6090.0,6120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"part of my life. As a youngster, my\nfather always insisted that we go to Hebrew school and attend Friday night and\nSaturday morning services.\n\nALPERT: Okay.\n\nBOCK: He instilled into us that our children should do the same. And I in return\nhave asked my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=6120.0,6150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children to do the same for their children. And each one have had\ntheir share of religious schools and confirmation.\n\nALPERT: It's nice to see the traditions continuing that way. It really is.\n\nBOCK: Yes.\n\nALPERT: All right. I think I've covered about . . . wait a minute. There are a\ncouple of more questions. You didn't travel outside the United States at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=6150.0,6180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all, right?\n\nBOCK: Never.\n\nALPERT: Okay. And you have never been very active in the community . . . in\ncommunal affairs, am I correct?\n\nBOCK: I was never active you said?\n\nALPERT: I'm asking you, I'm not telling you.\n\nBOCK: I was never active in the Jewish community. As I mentioned, I was\ntraveling. Being away a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=6180.0,6210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lot, it was hard to do anything in volunteer work in the\ncommunity. After my retirement, I did feel like it would be a great opportunity\nto do something.\n\nALPERT: Did you? What?\n\nBOCK: I enlisted my help being an amateur sign man. I gave ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=6210.0,6240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up my time when asked\nfor signs, which I continue to do when asked, through our Jewish Home, AA\nsynagogue, Sunny Stern's organization.\n\nALPERT: American Jewish Committee.\n\nBOCK: And any others that ask me.\n\nALPERT: Great.\n\nBOCK: I'm only too glad that I can do my little share since many years I did not\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=6240.0,6270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have the opportunity.\n\nALPERT: That leads me to a question which you may or may not want to answer. If\nyou had a complete choice, and money was no problem, would you have wanted to\ncontinue in with the painting and drawing aspect of your interests, instead of\nthe shoe business?\n\nBOCK: I never did anything like this until I came into the shoe business.\n\nALPERT: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=6270.0,6300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Oh, okay.\n\nBOCK: As a regional manager, I had to create bulletin ideas. I would steal a\npicture from a magazine, and my secretary would fill in the sales from various\nsalespeople. And we always had a weekly report. I would go to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=6300.0,6330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"office supply\nstore and buy various borders like you see in newspapers. I found them to be\nvery creative and meaningful. I also gave prizes on a monthly basis or sent a\ngift to a person that had the greatest number of leadership in sales for the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=6330.0,6360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"year. I felt like that helped me and also inspired the salespeople. Not only the\nshoes, but I also did the same to the sales ladies. And if a cashier had a good\nrecord, I too would acknowledge that.\n\nALPERT: It's always helpful, I think . . .\n\nBOCK: . . . very helpful . . .\n\nALPERT: . . . to acknowledge people's abilities and skills.\n\nBOCK: Right.\n\nALPERT: I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=6360.0,6390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"think I've covered just about everything I can think of, unless you\nhave something that you have forgotten until now, Mr. Bock.\n\nBOCK: I don't think so. However, give me a minute and I'll review my notes.\n\nALPERT: Okay. You think we've covered everything pretty much also?\n\nBOCK: I think so, yes.\n\nALPERT: All right. Now, the only thing left officially is the picture. And ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=6390.0,6420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you\nwould like to send it, is that correct?\n\nBOCK: I will get it in the mail to you.\n\nALPERT: All right. I'll leave you my address and stuff. Mr. Bock, thank you very\nmuch for all the time you've given me. I hope I didn't wear you out in that very\nlong interview, but it's been a pleasure and an honor to meet with you and talk\nwith you.\n\nBOCK: Thank you very much. It was my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=6420.0,6450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/transcript/58156/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pleasure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=6450.0,6480.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Jewish Committee (AJC) was founded in 1906 to safeguard the welfare and security of Jews worldwide. It is one of the oldest Jewish advocacy organizations in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta raises funds, which are dispersed throughout the Jewish community. Services also include caring for Jews in need locally and around the world, community outreach, leadership development, and educational opportunities. It is an affiliate of the Jewish Federations of North America (JFNA).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Council of Jewish Women is an organization of volunteers and advocates who turn progressive ideals into advocacy and philanthropy inspired by Jewish values. They strive to improve the quality of life for women, children, and families.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDunwoody is a city located in DeKalb County, Georgia, United States. It is a northern suburb of Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAtlanta is the capital and the most-populous city of the U.S. state of Georgia. It is the seat of Fulton County and the eighth-most populous city in the southeastern United States. As of 2012, the Atlanta metro’s Jewish population is the ninth largest in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the written Torah and the oral law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays, and more.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlso known as Masorti Judaism, Conservative Judaism is a form of Judaism that seeks to preserve Jewish tradition and ritual but has a more flexible approach to the interpretation of the law than Orthodox Judaism. It attempts to combine a positive attitude toward modern culture, while preserving a commitment to Jewish observance. In general, Conservative congregations also observe gender equality (mixed seating, women rabbis, and bat mitzvah). The governing body for Conservative Judaism in the United States is the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism (USCJ), formerly known as the United Synagogue of America.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVladivostok is the largest city and the administrative center of Primorsky Krai, in the far east of Russia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew school can be either the Jewish equivalent of Sunday school (an educational regimen separate from secular education, focusing on topics of Jewish history and learning the Hebrew language), or a primary, secondary, or college level educational institution where some or all of the classes are taught in Hebrew.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: son of commandments; plural: \u003cem\u003eb’nai mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e] is a rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day. At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes. He is now duty-bound to keep the commandments, he puts on \u003cem\u003etefillin\u003c/em\u003e, and may be counted to the \u003cem\u003eminyan\u003c/em\u003e quorum for public worship. He celebrates the \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e by being called up to the reading of the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: teaching] is a general term that covers all Jewish law including the vast mass of teachings recorded in the Talmud and other rabbinical works. “Sefer Torah” refers to the sacred scroll on which the first five books of the Bible (the Pentateuch) are written, but it is often shortened simply to \"Torah\" in casual speech and writing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAaron A. Jacobs was the \u003cem\u003eba’al tefillah/chazzan\u003c/em\u003e of Ahavath Achim Synagogue in the early 1900s. He was also the \u003cem\u003echeder\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew school] teacher, who had a school room at the corner of Butler and Gilmer Streets. He helped prepare boys for their \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e. Girls were not educated in Hebrew.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAhavath Achim Synagogue (often referred to as \"AA\") was founded as an Orthodox congregation in 1887 in a small room on Gilmer Street. In 1901 they moved to a permanent building at the corner of Piedmont Avenue and Gilmer Street. In 1921, the congregation constructed a synagogue at Washington Street and Woodward Avenue. It joined the Conservative movement in 1952. The final service in the Washington Street building was held in 1958 to make way for construction of the Downtown Connector (the concurrent section of Interstate 75 and Interstate 85 through Atlanta). The synagogue moved to its current location on Peachtree Battle Avenue in 1958. As of 2022, Ahavath Achim is the largest Conservative synagogue in the Atlanta area and its current Senior Rabbi is Laurence Rosenthal.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJanie Landau Gavron (1910-2010) was a longtime member of Ahavath Achim Synagogue and Sisterhood in Atlanta, Georgia. She also volunteered for the William Breman Jewish Home, B’nai B’rith, and Hadassah.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe William Breman Jewish Home is a nursing home in Atlanta providing short and long-term dementia, Alzheimer’s, and nursing care. Formerly the Jewish Home, it first opened in 1951 at 260 14th Street, NW, on land that had been donated by real estate developer Ben J. Massell. The Home’s growth called for a larger, updated facility, leading to the construction of a new building at 3150 Howell Mill Road, NW. The second Jewish Home opened on February 16, 1971. In 1991, it was renamed the William Breman Jewish Home to honor and recognize its third president, Bill Breman, as the prime motivator of the modern-day facility.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eB'nai B'rith International (Hebrew: “Children of the Covenant”) is the oldest Jewish service organization in the world. B'nai B'rith states that it is committed to the security and continuity of the Jewish people and the State of Israel and combating antisemitism and bigotry. Its mission is to unite persons of the Jewish faith and to enhance Jewish identity through strengthening Jewish family life, to provide broad-based services for the benefit of senior citizens, and to facilitate advocacy and action on behalf of Jews throughout the world.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSonya “Sunny” Stern worked for the American Jewish Committee and the National Council of Jewish Women. She was also an active member of Ahavath Achim Synagogue in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGrady Memorial Hospital, frequently referred to as ‘Grady Hospital’ or simply ‘Grady,’ was founded in 1890. It is the public hospital for the city of Atlanta, serving a large proportion of low-income patients. Grady is the largest hospital in Georgia and has come to be considered one of premier public hospitals in the Southeast. During the years of segregation, Grady Hospital’s facility had two separate sections and was referred to in the plural (\"The Gradys\"). Wings A and B served Whites. Wings C and D served African Americans. A hallway, known as Wing E, connected the two sides.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eKashrut \u003c/em\u003eis a set of dietary laws dealing with the foods that Jews are permitted to eat and how those foods must be prepared according to Jewish law. Food that may be consumed is deemed kosher, from the Ashkenazi pronunciation of the Hebrew term \u003cem\u003ekasher\u003c/em\u003e, meaning \"fit\" (in this context, \"fit for consumption\"). In colloquial English, kosher often means \"legitimate,\" \"acceptable,\" \"permissible,\" \"genuine,\" or \"authentic.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003eminyan\u003c/em\u003e refers to the quorum of 10 Jewish adults required for certain religious obligation. While traditionally only males counted toward the quorum, in many non-Orthodox streams of Judaism adult females count in the \u003cem\u003eminyan\u003c/em\u003e. A minyan is needed in Jewish communal prayer for certain components of the regular daily or Shabbat services, reading from the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003ehaftarah\u003c/em\u003e portions in synagogue, and saying \u003cem\u003eKaddish\u003c/em\u003e, among other things. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDecatur Street is one of the original seven streets of Atlanta, Georgia; it was also a famous entertainment area from the 1850s through the early 20th century. Today, Decatur Street cuts across the Georgia State University campus in the downtown area, while further east it is part of the Sweet Auburn neighborhood, and further east, it changes names to DeKalb Avenue and extends to the City of Decatur.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eProhibition is the legal act of prohibiting the manufacture, storage, transportation and sale of alcohol including alcoholic beverages. The first half of the twentieth century saw periods of prohibition of alcoholic beverages in several countries. Nationwide prohibition did not begin in the United States until 1920, when the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution went into effect. Prohibition became increasingly unpopular during the Great Depression along with a demand for increased employment and tax revenues. The ratification of the Twenty-first Amendment brought an official end to prohibition in the United States in 1933.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEllis Island in New York Harbor was the gateway for millions of immigrants to the United States. It was the nation’s busiest immigrant inspection station from 1892 until 1954. Today it is a museum.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAntisemitism is prejudice against, hostility to, or hatred of Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLeo Max Frank (1884-1915) was a Jewish factory superintendent in Atlanta, Georgia. In 1913, he was accused of raping and murdering one of his employees, a 13-year-old girl named Mary Phagan, whose body was found on the premises of the National Pencil Company. Frank was arrested, tried, convicted and sentenced to death for her murder. The trial was the catalyst for a great outburst of antisemitism led by the populist Tom Watson and the center of powerful class and political interests. Frank was sent to Milledgeville State Penitentiary to await his execution. Governor John M. Slaton, believing there had been a miscarriage of justice, commuted Frank’s sentence to life in prison. This enraged a group of men who styled themselves the “Knights of Mary Phagan.” They drove to the prison, kidnapped Frank from his cell and drove him to Marietta, Georgia where they lynched him. Many years later, the murderer was revealed to be Jim Conley, who had lied in the trial, pinning it on Frank instead. Frank was pardoned on March 11, 1986, although they stopped short of exonerating him.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBoys’ High School was founded in 1924. It later merged with Tech High and became coeducational and became known as Henry W. Grady High School. It is part of the Atlanta Public School System. It has had many notable alumni, including S. Truett Cathy, the founder of Chick-fil-A. It is located in Midtown Atlanta. In 2020, the Atlanta School Board voted to rename the school “Midtown High School” beginning in the 2021-2022 school year.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGirls’ High School was one of seven schools as part of the original Atlanta public school system. It opened in 1872 and was the only public school in the area exclusively for girls. In 1947, Atlanta high schools became co-educational, and Girls’ High was renamed Roosevelt High School, which in turn closed in 1985 when it merged with Hoke Smith High School to become Southside High School (now Maynard H. Jackson High School). As of 2022, the building formerly housing Girls’ High School in the Grant Park neighborhood is a luxury apartment complex.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAtlanta Public Schools began in 1872 with three elementary schools, and Boys' High and Girls' High for white students, along with two elementary schools for Black students. A department of manual training slowly developed at Boys’ High. Some considered it a better idea to create a separate school. In 1909 the Technological High School (Tech High), opened for boys interested in applied sciences in electricity, automobiles, aviation, and manufacturing. The school closed in 1947 when it merged with Boys' High to become Henry W. Grady High School (as of 2022, Midtown High School).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCommercial High School began as a department of Girls’ High School in 1889 for girls who wanted to learn business skills. They taught bookkeeping, typing, math and history. It expanded to a four-story brick building on Pryor Street, and in 1910 became Atlanta’s first coed high school. It closed in June 1947.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) is a college-based program for training commissioned officers of the United States Armed Forces. ROTC officers serve in all branches of the United States armed forces. Army ROTC students who receive scholarships are obligated to fulfill a service commitment after graduation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War I, also called First World War or Great War, was an international conflict that in 1914–18 embroiled most of the nations of Europe along with Russia, the United States, the Middle East, and other regions. The war pitted the Central Powers—mainly Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey—against the Allies—mainly France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, Japan, and, from 1917, the United States. It ended with the defeat of the Central Powers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e“Five Points” refers to the downtown area of Atlanta, considered by many to be the center of town. It was the central hub of Atlanta until the 1960s, when the economic and demographic center shifted north toward the suburbs. It was recently revitalized, mostly due to Georgia State University having a large presence in the area.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Atlanta Journal-Constitution \u003c/em\u003e(AJC) is a major daily newspaper in the metropolitan area of Atlanta, Georgia. The newspaper is the result of the merger between \u003cem\u003eThe Atlanta Journal \u003c/em\u003eand \u003cem\u003eThe Atlanta Constitution\u003c/em\u003e. Separate publication of the morning \u003cem\u003eConstitution\u003c/em\u003e and afternoon \u003cem\u003eJournal\u003c/em\u003e ended in 2001. \u003cem\u003eThe Constitution\u003c/em\u003e, as it was originally known, was first published in 1868. Its name changed to \u003cem\u003eThe Atlanta Constitution\u003c/em\u003e in 1869. \u003cem\u003eThe Atlanta Journal \u003c/em\u003ewas established in 1883.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eAtlanta Journal-Constitution\u003c/em\u003e (AJC) is a major daily newspaper in the metropolitan area of Atlanta, Georgia. The newspaper is the result of the merger between \u003cem\u003eThe Atlanta Journal\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eThe Atlanta Constitution\u003c/em\u003e. Separate publication of the morning \u003cem\u003eConstitution \u003c/em\u003eand afternoon \u003cem\u003eJournal\u003c/em\u003e ended in 2001. \u003cem\u003eThe Constitution\u003c/em\u003e, as it was originally known, was first published in 1868. Its name changed to \u003cem\u003eThe Atlanta Constitution\u003c/em\u003e in 1869. \u003cem\u003eThe Atlanta Journal \u003c/em\u003ewas established in 1883.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eUnderground Atlanta is a shopping and entertainment district in the Five Points district of Atlanta, Georgia. During the 1920's, construction of concrete viaducts intended to relieve traffic congestion in downtown Atlanta elevated the street system one level. Merchants moved their operations to the second floor of their buildings, leaving the old fronts for storage and service. As Atlanta continued to grow above the viaducts, the original street level was raised by one-and-a-half stories, and a five-block area was completely covered up. The lower facades of historic buildings constructed during the city's post-Civil War Reconstruction Era boom remained relatively untouched until the area was rediscovered and opened as a tourist attraction in 1969.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Southern Railway (also known as Southern Railway Company) was a class 1 railroad based in the Southern United States between 1894 and 1982, when it merged with the Norfolk and Western Railway (N\u0026amp;W) to form the Norfolk Southern Railway\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRich's was a department store retail chain, headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, which operated in the southern U.S. from 1867 until March 6, 2005 when the nameplate was eliminated and replaced by Macy's. It was founded by Hungarian Jewish immigrant Morris Rich (born Mauritius Reich) in Atlanta in 1867 as \"M. Rich \u0026amp; Co. Dry Goods\" Many of the former Rich's stores today form the core of Macy's Central, an Atlanta-based division of Macy's, Inc., which formerly operated as Federated Department Stores, Inc.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Union Station built in 1930 in Atlanta was the smaller of two principal stations in downtown, Terminal Station being the other. It was the third “union station” or “union depot” (usage varied in the 19th century), succeeding the 1853 station, burned in 1864 when Federal forces left Atlanta for the March to the Sea, and the 1871 station. Opening in 1930, the third Union Station served the Georgia Railroad, Atlantic Coast Line, and Louisville and Nashville. After the tenant railroads of Union Station had discontinued all their passenger trains (the last such train operated on April 30, 1971, the day before Amtrak came into existence), the station was razed in 1972.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNashville is the capital city of the state of Tennessee and the seat of Davidson County. It is the fourth-most populous city in the southeastern United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNew Orleans is a consolidated city-parish located along the Mississippi River in the southeastern region of the U.S. state of Louisiana. Serving as a major port, New Orleans is considered an economic and commercial hub for the broader Gulf Coast region of the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMangel Stores Corporation was a national chain of women’s and children’s apparel shops and discount stores founded by Sol Mangel. A leader and innovator in the women’s apparel chain store business, Mr. Mangel started the New York Waist House in 1905. This developed into Mangel Stores Corporation, which became public in 1929. The company operated 132 general merchandise stores in 38 states prior to becoming insolvent in June 1932. Mangel retired as president in 1965 and as chairman of the board in 1969.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLerner Shops was founded in 1917 as a New York City blouse shop. By 1920, 23 Lerner Blouse Shops were in operation. Within ten years, that figure grew to 160 units in 37 states. With its signature font and prominently located storefronts, Lerner Shops became a retail staple of America’s downtowns. The apparel retailer was one of the first national chains to expand into shopping centers, one of the first to use computers and other data processing equipment. The company was purchased by Limited Brands in 1985. In 1998, Lerner introduced New York \u0026amp; Company as a clothing brand back. Over the next six years, the Lerner name was gradually phased out and replaced by New York \u0026amp; Company on its storefronts.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBakers Shoes (Baker’s) was the flagship, discount shoe retail chain of Edison Brothers Stores, Inc. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAdel is a city in and the county seat of Cook County, Georgia, United States, located 52 miles (84 km) southeast of Albany.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMark Aaron Edison (1895-1951) was one of five brothers who moved to St. Louis, Missouri from Atlanta, Georgia, and opened retail stores and established the company’s headquarters in St. Louis. Edison Brothers grew to become one of the largest shoe merchandising organizations in the county.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRae Alice Bernstein Cohen (1918-1997) was a native of Chicago, Illinois, and the wife of Bernard Wesley Cohen (1915-1997). She was president of the southern branch of the Women’s League for Conservative Judaism and its national vice president.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEiseman Brothers was a clothing store company located in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe George Muse Clothing Company, also known as Muse’s, was a department store founded in 1887 by George Muse. In its heyday, Muse's had 10 stores throughout Atlanta, Georgia. In 1990, Muse's filed for bankruptcy protection and all Muse's stores closed in 1996. Muse's flagship building at 52 Peachtree Street in downtown Atlanta was completed in 1921 and served as a department store until 1992. It was converted to lofts in the mid 1990s.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJacobs’ Pharmacy was a chain of drug stores founded by Joseph Jacobs. Jacobs was born in Jefferson, Georgia. He attended the University of Georgia in 1877 and received a degree from the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy in 1879. In 1879 Jacobs opened the Athens Pharmaceutical Company in Athens, Georgia. In 1884, he bought a drug store in Downtown Atlanta on the southwest corner of Peachtree and Marietta Streets where, in 1886, Coca-Cola was served for the first time as a fountain drink. At its peak, the Jacobs’ chain was composed 21 stores throughout the South. It was bought by Revco drugs in 1942.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCoca-Cola is a carbonated beverage and the flagship product of the Coca-Cola Company. It was invented in 1886 by John Stith Pemberton and was purchased by Asa Griggs Candler in 1889. The Coca-Cola Company is an American multinational beverage corporation headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYiddish is the common historical language of Ashkenazi Jews from Central and Eastern Europe. It is heavily Germanic based but uses the Hebrew alphabet. The language was spoken or understood as a common tongue for many European Jews up until the middle of the twentieth century. Although the terms “Yiddish” and “Yid” are sometimes used to refer to Jews, Yiddish is a reference to a person's language and not necessarily their ethnicity, religion, or culture.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSt. Louis is the second-largest city in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is located near the confluence of the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eChicago is the most-populous city in the U.S. state of Illinois and the third-most populous city in the United States after New York City and Los Angeles.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMemphis is a city in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is the seat of Shelby County in the southwest part of the state along the Mississippi River. It is the second-most populous city in Tennessee after Nashville.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMiami is a coastal metropolis and the seat of Miami-Dade County in southern Florida.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNew Orleans is a consolidated city-parish located along the Mississippi River in the southeastern region of the U.S. state of Louisiana. Serving as a major port, New Orleans is considered an economic and commercial hub for the broader Gulf Coast region of the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eChattanooga is a city in and the county seat of Hamilton County, Tennessee, United States. It is located along the Tennessee River, and borders Georgia to the south. It is Tennessee’s fourth-largest city.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJacksonville is a city located on the Atlantic coast of northeastern Florida. It is the most-populous city in the state of Florida and the Southeastern United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTampa is a city on the Gulf Coast of the U.S. state of Florida.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA Sisterhood is a group of women in a synagogue congregation who join together to offer social, cultural, educational, and volunteer service opportunities. Its male counterpart is called either a \"Brotherhood\" or a \"Men's Club.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II (abbreviated WWII or WW2) was a global war involving fighting in most of the world and most countries. Most countries fought in the years 1939–1945 but some started fighting in 1937. Most of the world's countries, including all the great powers, fought as part of two military alliances: the Allies and the Axis Powers. World War II was the largest and deadliest conflict in all of history. It involved more countries, cost more money, involved more people, and killed more people than any other war in history. Between 50 to 85 million people died. The majority were civilians. It included massacres, the deliberate genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, starvation, disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons against civilians in history.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The time of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries, it started in about 1929, when the American stock market crashed, and lasted until the late 1930s or early 1940s. It was the longest, most widespread, and deepest depression of the twentieth century. The Great Depression is often seen as the major turning point in 20th-century world history. In Europe, World War I had a long-term impact on the economy and financial stability. Postwar inflation spiraled into hyperinflation by the 1920’s and European banks struggled to stay open. Exasperating the situation were skyrocketing unemployment rates. The Great Depression had immediately visible political and social ramifications in Europe, including increased antisemitism and nationalism.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eChandler’s was the first shoe store opened by the Edison Brothers in Atlanta, Georgia. The first Chandler’s was opened on October 28, 1922, and by 1928, the brothers operated 12 Chandler’s stores.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBurt’s was a shoe retailer operated by Edison Brothers Stores, Inc. The chain helped the company survive the Great Depression, as Burt’s price points were lower than the other chains operated by the company.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe General Motors Company (GM) is an American multinational automotive manufacturing company headquartered in Detroit, Michigan, United States. The company is most known for owning and manufacturing its four core automobile brands of Chevrolet, GMC, Cadillac, and Buick.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMorningside/Lenox Park is a neighborhood in Atlanta, Georgia founded in 1923. It is located north of Virginia-Highland, east of Ansley Park and west of Druid Hills. Approximately 3,500 households comprise the neighborhood that includes the original subdivisions of Morningside, Lenox Park, University Park, Noble Park, Johnson Estates and Hylan Park. After World War II, residents of heavily Jewish Washington-Rawson and Summerhill neighborhoods south of the State Capitol relocated to northeast Atlanta including Morningside when those old Jewish neighborhoods were demolished to make way for the Downtown Connector freeway and Turner Field.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Free and Accepted Order of Masons (\"Freemasons\" or \"masons\") is the oldest and largest fraternal society in the world. The basic unit of Freemasonry is the \"lodge.\" Most masonic lodges allow only men above age 18 who also believe in a deity to join, but others also allow women and those who do not believe in a Supreme Being.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLakewood Fairgrounds, established in 1916 in Lakewood Heights, Atlanta, was built to be the home of the Southeastern Fair. It was a popular destination for families in the spring and summer months.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMiami Beach is a coastal resort city in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. It is part of the Miami metropolitan area of South Florida. The municipality is located on natural and human-made barrier islands between the Atlantic Ocean and Biscayne Nay, the latter of which separates the Beach from the mainland city of Miami. The city had a large Jewish population during the second half of the 20th century.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOakland Cemetery is the oldest cemetery and one of the largest green spaces, in Atlanta. Many notable Georgians are buried at Oakland including Margaret Mitchell, author of Gone with the Wind; Joseph Jacobs, owner of the pharmacy where John Pemberton first sold Coca-Cola as a soft drink; Bobby Jones, the only golfer to win the Grand Slam, the United States Amateur, United States Open, British Amateur and the Open Championship in the same year; as well as former Georgia governors and Atlanta mayors. Oakland is an excellent example of a Victorian-style cemetery and contains numerous monuments and mausoleums that are of great beauty and historical significance.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGreenwood Cemetery, opened in 1904, is designed in the Lawn style, with long vistas in all directions. Greenwood has a large Jewish section. Greenwood Cemetery is also the home of the Memorial to the Six Million, where Holocaust remembrance services are held every spring.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMorris Rich (1847-1928) was the anglicized name of Mauritius Reich, a native of Hungary. He was the founder of Rich's, a department store retail chain headquartered in Atlanta that operated in the southern United States from 1867 until 2005. The store was founded on May 28, 1867, as M. Rich Dry Goods by the 20-year-old Morris Rich with only $500 in capital. In 1877 Morris’ brother Emanuel entered the business and the name of the store was changed to M. Rich and Brother, followed by Daniel in 1884, when the store was again renamed as M. Rich and Brothers. On January 12, 1901, a charter for incorporation was granted, and the firm became M. Rich and Brothers Company. Morris Rich was elected president at a meeting of stockholders on January 18, 1901. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMargaret Munnerlyn Mitchell (1900-1949) was an American novelist and journalist. Mitchell wrote only one novel, published during her lifetime, the American Civil War-era novel Gone with the Wind, for which she won the National Book Award for Fiction for Most Distinguished Novel of 1936 and the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1937. She was a lifelong resident of Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eGone with the Wind \u003c/em\u003eis a novel by American writer Margaret Mitchell, first published in 1936. The story is set in Clayton County and Atlanta, both in Georgia, during the American Civil War and Reconstruction Era. It depicts the struggles of young Scarlett O’Hara, the spoiled daughter of a well-to-do plantation owner, who must use every means at her disposal to claw her way out of poverty following Sherman’s destructive March to the Sea.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRobert “Bobby” Tyre Jones Jr. (1902-1971) was an American amateur golfer who was one of the most influential figures in the history of the sport. Jones founded and helped design the Augusta National Golf Club and co-founded the Masters Tournament. He was also a lawyer by profession.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Grand Slam in professional golf is winning all of golf’s major championships in the same calendar year. The only player who has accomplished this feat is Bobby Jones in 1930, winning the four major tournaments of that era: the British Amateur, the British Open, the United States Open, and the United States Amateur.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJohn Bell Hood (1831-1879) was a Confederate general during the American Civil War. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Battle of Atlanta occurred midway through a larger campaign. Union General William T. Sherman assaulted the Confederate forces that were defending the city, commanded by General John B. Hood, throughout the summer of 1864. Sherman constantly shelled the city and tried to seize railroads and supply lines into Atlanta in order to starve the residents out. Atlanta finally surrendered on September 2, 1864. Sherman established his headquarters in Atlanta, where he remained for some two months. In November 1864 Sherman ordered the evacuation of all citizens of Atlanta and on November 14 he burned the city to the ground before setting out to capture Savannah after which he began his “March to the Sea.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Confederate States Army (CSA) was the military ground force of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Confederate Obelisk is a large Confederate monument located in the Oakland Cemetery of Atlanta, Georgia, United States. The structure, a tall obelisk located in the cemetery’s Confederate section, was dedicated in 1874. Due to its connection to the Confederate States of America, the monument has been vandalized repeatedly.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA Ladies’ Memorial Association (LMA) was a type of organization for women that sprang up all over the American South in the years after the American Civil War. Typically, these were organizations by and for women, whose goal was to raise monuments in Confederate soldiers’ honor. Their immediate goal, of providing decent burial for soldiers, was joined with the desire to commemorate the sacrifices of Southerners and to propagate the Lost Cause of the Confederacy. Between 1865 and 1900, these associations were a formidable force in Southern culture, establishing cemeteries and raising large monuments often in very conspicuous places.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlfred Austell (1814-1881) was a merchant, banker, financier, and railroad builder who organized the Atlanta National Bank, became one of the country’s largest cotton dealers, and built railroads in several southern states.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe first iteration of The Atlanta National Bank, the Exchange Bank, opened in 1866 in Atlanta, Georgia. It became the Atlanta National Bank in 1887. It moved to its current location on Southwest Church Street in 1973.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCarrie Steele Logan (c. 1829-1900) was an American philanthropist, founder of the first Black orphanage in the United States, the Carrie Steele-Pitts Home. She was born into slavery in Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Carrie Steele-Pitts Home was the first Black orphanage in the United States. It was founded in 1888 by Carrie Steele Logan, a Georgia woman born into slavery.  She worked as a maid at the Union Station in downtown Atlanta when she discovered that abandoned babies and children were being left at the station. The Home continues to serve underprivileged children in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJames Tate (d. 1897) was born the son of an enslaved mother and a white slaveowner in Elbert County, Georgia. He was raised in slavery but was secretly educated. After emancipation, Tate moved to Atlanta and played an active role in Atlanta politics, society, and business for the next three decades. He helped to found Friendship Baptist Church, created Atlanta’s first elementary school for African American children, and opened the city’s first Black-owned business. He branched out from his grocery business into real estate. By 1890, he was worth more than $90,000 (almost $2.5 million in 2018).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRobert Pike “R.P.” Hill (1856-1886) was an Atlanta attorney who eventually shot and killed his brother, O.C. Hill, before killing himself. They are buried together in an unmarked grave outside of the family mausoleum in Oakland Cemetery in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMoses W. Formwalt (1820-1852) was the first mayor of the city of Atlanta, which was then in DeKalb County, Georgia. He was in office from 1848-1849 and was succeeded by Benjamin F. Bomar. He is buried at Oakland Cemetery.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA lake known as Mooney's Lake was originally located in Lindbergh on the east side of Piedmont Road in Atlanta, Georgia. Deuward S. Mooney developed it into a recreation center in 1920. It had two spring water pools, a lake for swimming and canoeing, horseback riding, miniature golf, and a railroad. Food was sold at the pavilion, and there was dancing to jukebox music. The pavilion burned down in the 1950s and subsequently went out of business. In 1958, Mooney's Lake was drained, and the developers Jordan, Davis, and Carter built the Broadview Shopping Center, later named Lindbergh Plaza.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Progressive Club was a Jewish social organization in Atlanta, Georgia. It was established in 1913 by Russian Jews who felt unwelcome at the Standard Club, where German Jews were predominant. At first the club was located in a rented house until a new club was built on Pryor Street including a swimming pool and a gym. In 1940 the club opened a larger facility at 1050 Techwood Drive in Midtown with three swimming pools, tennis, and softball. In 1976 the club moved north to 1160 Moore’s Mill Road near Interstate 75. The property was eventually sold to the YMCA as the club faced financial challenges. The Carl E. Sanders Family YMCA at Buckhead, which stands on the former site of the Progressive Club, opened in 1996.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYMCA, sometimes regionally called the Y, is a worldwide youth organization based in Geneva, Switzerland, with more than 64 million beneficiaries in 120 countries. It was founded on 6 June 1844 by Sir George Williams in London, originally as the Young Men's Christian Association, and aims to put Christian principles into practice by developing a healthy \"body, mind, and spirit.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Young Men’s Hebrew Association (and its counterpart, the Young Women’s Hebrew Association, YWHA) was set up in various cities of the United States for the mental, moral, social and physical improvement of Jewish young men and women. The first YMHW was started in New York in 1874 and spread across the country in the following years. They still exist today and are more like social clubs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBarney Medintz (1910-1960) was a Jewish leader both nationally and locally in Atlanta. He was one of the national leaders of the United Jewish Appeal and the Israel Bond Organization. He was also vice-president of the National Community Relations Advisory Council, vice-president of the Council of Jewish Federations and Welfare Funds and a former member of the executive committee of the American Jewish Committee. Locally, he was president of the Atlanta Jewish Community Center and past president of the Atlanta Jewish Community Council and the Atlanta Bureau of Jewish Education. He was also president of the Southeast Regional Council of Jewish Federations and Welfare Funds. Medintz graduated from Northwestern University at Evanston, Illinois where he was a star basketball player. He came to Atlanta after he graduated to become a recreation director at the Jewish Educational Alliance. In 1936, Barney married Dorothy Davis. Camp Barney Medintz, a Jewish camp in Cleveland, Georgia, is named in his honor.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCamp Barney Medintz is an overnight Jewish summer camp near Cleveland, Georgia, in the North Georgia mountains. It was founded in 1963 and in 1961 named in memory of Barney Medintz, a prominent Jewish leader in Atlanta, who died in 1960. It is owned by the Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Jewish Community Center was officially founded in 1910, as the Jewish Educational Alliance. In the late 1940s it evolved into the Atlanta Jewish Community Center and moved to Peachtree Street. It stayed there until 1998, when the building was sold, and the center moved to the suburb of Dunwoody. In 2000, it was renamed the “Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVictor Hugo Kriegshaber (1859-1934) was the founder and first president of the Atlanta Terra Cotta Company; a director of the Atlanta Art Glass Co.; and vice-president of the National Builders' Supply Association. Kriegshaber was born in Louisville, Kentucky, to Prussian immigrants and came to Atlanta in 1889. Having left his civil engineer's position with the Central of Georgia Railway to become a contractor, he was soon president of his own building material supply company. He was a director of the Chamber of Commerce and, in 1914, was part of the committee from the Chamber that spearheaded the new development at Lakewood for the Southeastern Fair. A charter member of the Rotary Club, Kriegshaber also served as director of the local council of the Boy Scouts of America; president of the Jewish Charities and of the Jewish Educational Alliance; and director of the Hebrew Orphan's Home. He was instrumental in establishing the city's first public playgrounds for children and was later vice-president of the Playground Association of America. In 1905 Kriegshaber was one of the organizers of the Standard Club, serving as its first vice-president. Kriegshaber served on the executive committee of the Atlanta Music Festival Association from its founding in 1909. The Atlanta Music Festival led to the establishment of the Atlanta Philharmonic Society, of which he was president until 1934. He advocated, along with Rabbi David Marx, for the creation of the Federation of Jewish Charities in 1906 to combine the activities of the Hebrew Relief Society, Free Kindergarten and Social Settlement, Council of Jewish Women, and the Central Immigration Committee. The Victor H. Kriegshaber House, the home he built in 1900 in the historic Inwood Park area of Atlanta, is now a designated landmark also known as “The Wrecking Bar.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Georgia State Capitol is an architecturally and historically significant building in Atlanta, Georgia. As the primary office building of Georgia’s government, the capitol houses the offices of the governor, lieutenant governor, and secretary of state on the second floor, chambers in which the General Assembly, consisting of the Georgia State Senate and Georgia House of Representatives, meets annually from January to April.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRobert Edward “Ted” Turner III (b. 1938) is an American media mogul and philanthropist. As a businessman, he is known as a founder of the Cable News Network (CNN), the first 24-hour cable news channel. He founded WTBS, which pioneered the superstation concept in cable television. As a philanthropist, he is known for his $1 billion gift to support the United Nations. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJacob “Jack” Weinstock (1890-1961) was an Atlanta florist. He was born in Uffenheim, Bavaria, Germany. He graduated from horticulturist college in Hanover, Germany, in 1906 before immigrating to the United States a few years later. His first job in this country placed him in charge of the estate of the late Joseph Pulitzer in Bar Harbor, Maine, before moving to Atlanta, Georgia, in 1913. There he took over the flower shop and greenhouses of the Nunnally Company. In 1917, he opened his own flower shop in the Peachtree Arcade. In 1930, Jack visualized the future of doing business on the rapidly growing Northside an established greenhouses on Roswell Road. Weinstock’s Florist survived two world wars, a major depression, and several recessions. In 1939, Weinstock’s provided all the flowers for the set of Gone with the Wind. Mr. Weinstock married Paula Mayer (born in Schwabach, Germany) on September 1, 1920. During the early years of Paula’s life in Europe, she had been a nurse and a medical diagnostician. She served as a nurse during World War I in a hospital in Breslau, Germany. Mr. Weinstock was a prominent and well-respected businessman in the Atlanta community and surrounding area. He received much recognition in his life and of note is his distinguished award from the M.W. Grand Lodge of Georgia of Master Mason. Weinstock’s Flowers and Gifts, Atlanta’s oldest and best-known florist provided the finest quality floral and gift products to Atlanta since 1917, serving approximately 40,000 corporate and residential customers yearly in Atlanta and around the United States. Mr. Weinstock died in Atlanta on March 8, 1961. Weinstock’s closed its doors and sold the Roswell property in 1987.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Peachtree Arcade was a shopping arcade in Downtown Atlanta which stood from 1917 to 1964 on the site of what is now the State of Georgia Building on Peachtree Street just south of Marietta Street. It featured Beaux-Arts style façades that opened onto both Peachtree and Broad Streets.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAtlanta Municipal Auditorium, originally known as the ‘Auditorium and Armory’ is located at Gilmer and Courtland Streets in downtown Atlanta. The structure was dedicated in a pre-inaugural visit from President William Howard Taft in 1909 during which he was served a possum dinner. The dining hall in which this event took place was named in his honor. Concerts, theater productions, operas, balls, and sports events were held there, as well as the Gone with the Wind Ball, held in conjunction with the 1939 premiere of the film. The building was sold in 1979 to Georgia State University. Beginning in the early 1900’s, The Metropolitan Opera, an opera company based in New York City, made weeklong tours to Atlanta. Originally, the performances were held at the Atlanta Municipal Auditorium and then the Fox Theatre. The annual tour was a major social event that eventually outgrew the Fox and, when the Boisfeuillet Jones Altanta Civic Center was built, moved there until the Met disbanded its touring program in 1986.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorgia State University is a public research university in Atlanta, Georgia. Initially intended as a night school, it was established in 1913 as the Georgia Institute of Technology's Evening School of Commerce. Today, it is one of the University System of Georgia's four research universities. A reorganization of the university system of Georgia in the 1930’s led to the school becoming the Atlanta Extension Center of the University System of Georgia and allowed night students to earn degrees from several colleges in the university System. During this time, the school was divided into two divisions: Georgia Evening College, and Atlanta Junior College. In 1947, the school became affiliated with the University of Georgia and was named the ‘Atlanta Division of the University of Georgia.’ The school was later removed from the University of Georgia in 1955 and became the Georgia State College of Business Administration. In 1961 the name was shortened to Georgia State College. It became Georgia State University in 1969.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Fox Theatre is located on Peachtree Street in Midtown Atlanta. The theater was originally planned as part of a large Shrine Temple as evidenced by its Moorish design. The theater was ultimately developed as a lavish movie palace, opening in 1929. The auditorium replicates an Arabian courtyard under a night sky of flickering stars and drifting clouds. The Fox Theatre now hosts cultural and artistic events, and concerts by popular artists.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Crackers were minor league baseball teams based in Atlanta between 1901 and 1965. The Crackers were Atlanta's home team until the Atlanta Braves moved from Milwaukee in 1966. The Crackers played in Ponce de Leon Park from 1907 until a fire destroyed the all-wood stadium in 1923. Spiller Field (a stadium later also called “Ponce de Leon Park”), became their home starting in the 1924 season. The new park was constructed around a magnolia tree that became part of the outfield.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePonce de Leon Park, also known as Spiller Park or Spiller Field from 1924 to 1932, and “Poncey” to locals, was the primary home field for the minor league baseball team called the Atlanta Crackers for nearly six decades.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA historic neighborhood of Atlanta that was formed around Grant Park, the fourth largest park in the city. It had two major attractions: Zoo Atlanta and the Atlanta Cyclorama, a cyclorama featuring the 1864 Battle of Atlanta during the Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIda Goldstein Levitas (1897-1987) was born in in the town of Zabludow (near Bialystok), Poland and grew up in Atlanta, Georgia. During the First World War and before marrying her husband Louis J. Levitas, she was a social worker for the Jewish Educational Alliance in Atlanta. Her son Elliott Levitas was a United States Congressman from 1975 to 1985 and her son Ted Levitas was a prominent pediatric dentist.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDr. Theodore “Ted” Clinton Levitas (1924-2016) was a native Atlantan and pediatric dentist. He attended Boys’ High in Atlanta. He was a graduate of the Emory University School of Dentistry. He served as chief of staff for the Ben Massell Dental Clinic in Atlanta for several years. He was in the United States Navy during World War II, serving in the Pacific Theater. He was president of the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry, the American Society of Dentistry for Children, the Southeastern Society of Pediatric Dentistry, the Northern (Georgia) District Dental Society, and Atlanta's Thomas P. Hinman Dental Society.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eElliott Harris Levitas (born 1930) is a Jewish American politician who was born in Atlanta, Georgia. He was a Rhodes scholar who received a bachelor’s degree from Emory University, law degree from Emory Law School, and Master of Law degree from Oxford University. From 1955 to 1958, he served in United States Air Force. He served in the Georgia House of Representatives (1965-1975) and was a United States Congressman from Georgia's 4th district in the United States House of Representatives (1975-1985).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIsadore (I.M.) Weinstein founded Atlanta Linen Supply Company on April 1, 1919. In 1928, the company changed its name to National Linen Service Corporation. The company grew into the largest textile rental company in the United States by the late 1950's having acquired similar companies in 24 states. National Linen Service merged with ZEP Manufacturing, acquired the Atlanta Envelope Company, and the merged company changed its name to National Service Industries.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1904, Congregation Shearith Israel began as a congregation that met in the homes of congregants until 1906 when they began using a Methodist church on Hunter Street. After World War II, Rabbi Tobias Geffen moved the congregation to University Drive, where it became the first synagogue in DeKalb County. In the 1960s, they removed the barrier between the men’s and women’s sections in the sanctuary, and officially became affiliated with the Conservative movement in 2002. As of 2022, the current Senior Rabbi of the congregation is Ari Kaiman.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Tobias Geffen (1870-1970) was an Orthodox rabbi and leader of Congregation Shearith Israel in Atlanta from 1910-1970. He is widely known for his 1935 decision that certified Coca-Cola as kosher. He also organized the first Hebrew school in Atlanta, and standardized regulation of kosher supervision in the Atlanta area.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Samuel Geffen (1907-2002) grew up in Atlanta, the son of Sara and Rabbi Tobias Geffen. He attended Boys’ High and Emory University. He was a concert violinist and lawyer before becoming a Rabbi. Then he received two degrees, Rabbi and Master of Hebrew Literature from the Jewish Institute of Religion in New York City. He was the spiritual leader for over 40 years of the Jewish Center of Forest Hills West in New York.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLouis Geffen (1904-2001) was born in New York City but grew up in Atlanta, Georgia where his father, Rabbi Tobias Geffen, was the rabbi at Congregation Shearith Israel for more than 50 years. He was a graduate of Boys' High School and Emory University in Atlanta and obtained a law degree at Columbia University in New York City. He gained prominence in Atlanta as an attorney and a Vice Chairman of the Atlanta School Board. During World War Two, he was a judge advocate in the US Army, rising to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel. He was an officer of the Zionist Organization of America, president of the Southeastern Region of Young Judea, and Commander of the Jewish War Veterans Post 112.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEsther Kahn Taylor (1905-1992) was born in Atlanta to Janice and Marcus Kahn, both immigrants from the Bialystok area of Eastern Europe. Their home was Orthodox, and she attended Hebrew school in the afternoons. The family was enthusiastic Zionists, and they are related to Bertha (Bert) and Bob Travis, the foremost promoters of Zionism in the southeast. Esther discovered when she was quite young that she had a natural ear for music and began to take piano lessons. She learned ragtime by ear and began to play for her brother’s college friends at their fraternity parties at Emory University. Esther started to attend Girls’ High when she was 12, where she was elected class president, and expected to go to college to be a teacher. Her father, however, refused to send her to college and felt that she should find a scholarly Jewish husband. Esther was unhappy about this decision and went to work as a Hebrew school teacher until she met and married Herbert Taylor (1895-1987). At the time of their marriage, Herbert was a pharmacist with his own stores, although he later went into real estate development. Esther and Herbert had one son, Mark (b. 1928). She resumed her musical studies when time and duties allowed, studying with noted pianists, and eventually attending both Julliard in New York City and the Sorbonne in Paris, France. Esther was also asked to be a member of the Atlanta Music Club and headed several efforts at musical education in classrooms and on the radio. Esther also joined Hadassah and the National Council of Jewish Women where she served in a variety of roles, much of it in the area of legislative lobbying. She attended the Conference on the Cause of Cure of War where she was received at the White House, an event which started a life-long admiration of First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt. She also joined ORT after a trip to Morocco, where she saw conditions that inspired her to a life-long commitment to the organization. Esther also brought Planned Parenthood to Atlanta, raising the funds, renovating the buildings for the first clinics, and establishing it firmly in the city. Esther passed away in Atlanta on November 13, 1992, at the age of 87.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=4980.0,5010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eChallah is special Jewish braided bread eaten on Sabbath and Jewish holidays.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGold’s Delicatessen was a kosher delicatessen opened at 108 Decatur Street in Atlanta, Georgia by Russian immigrants Solomon Jacob Gold and his wife, Katie. They opened a second location at 432 Ponce de Leon in 1936. The couple had five children—Rosa, Dora, Aster, Dillie, and Jacob—who all worked at the deli.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=5190.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFulton National Bank owned what was then the tallest building in Atlanta from 1958 to 1961, on Marietta Street. Fulton National Bank changed its name to Bank of the South in 1980, and in 1983 shortened that to Bank South.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=5250.0,5280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarry Edison (1890-1966) was one of five brothers who moved to St. Louis, Missouri from Atlanta, Georgia, and opened retail stores and established the company’s headquarters in St. Louis. Edison Brothers grew to become one of the largest shoe merchandising organizations in the county.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=5400.0,5430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe USO (United Service Organizations) is a private, non-profit, non-partisan organization whose mission is to support American troops and their families with programs and services. During World War II, the USO began a tradition of entertaining the troops that still continues. The USO is not part of the United States government, but is recognized by the Department of Defense, Congress and President of the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=5670.0,5700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe systematic, government-sponsored attempt by the German Nazi government to annihilate the Jews of Europe between 1939 and 1945, which resulted in the deaths of 6,000,000 Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=5700.0,5730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWith international pressure mounting, in 1945, Britain, unable to find a practical solution, referred the problem to the United Nations, which in November 1947 voted to partition Palestine into Jewish and Arab states in May 1948 when the British mandate was scheduled to end. After the British began the withdrawal of their military forces from Palestine in early April 1948, Zionist leaders moved to establish a modern Jewish state. On May 14, 1948—the day the British Mandate over Palestine expired—David Ben-Gurion, the chairman of the Jewish Agency for Palestine, announced the formation of the state of Israel. The next day, forces from Egypt, Transjordan, Syria, Lebanon, and Iraq invaded and war began.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=5790.0,5820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLondon is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=5940.0,5970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Temple, or “Hebrew Benevolent Congregation,” is Atlanta’s oldest Jewish congregation. The cornerstone was laid on the Temple on Garnett Street in 1875. The dedication was held in 1877 and the Temple was located there until 1902. The Temple’s next location on Pryor Street was dedicated in 1902. The Temple’s current location in Midtown on Peachtree Street was dedicated in 1931. The main sanctuary is on the National Register of Historic Places. The Reform congregation now totals approximately 1500 families. As of 2022, its Senior Rabbi is Peter S. Berg.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=6030.0,6060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eReform Judaism is a division within Judaism, especially in North America and the United Kingdom. Historically it began in the 19th century. In general, the Reform movement maintains that Judaism and Jewish traditions should be modernized and compatible with participation in Western culture. While the Torah remains the law, in Reform Judaism women are included (mixed seating, bat mitzvah, and women rabbis), instrumental music is allowed in the services, and most of the service is in the local language as opposed to Hebrew.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=6030.0,6060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Katherine and Jacob Greenfield Hebrew Academy was the first Jewish day school in Atlanta and was founded in 1953. As of mid-2014 the Greenfield Hebrew Academy (grades pre-K through 8) and Yeshiva High School (grades 9-12) merged into one college preparatory day school now called the Atlanta Jewish Academy.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=6060.0,6090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eShabbat\u003c/em\u003e (Hebrew) or \u003cem\u003eShabbos\u003c/em\u003e (Yiddish) is the Jewish Sabbath and is observed on Saturdays. \u003cem\u003eShabbat\u003c/em\u003e observance entails refraining from work activities and engaging in restful activities to honor the day. \u003cem\u003eShabbat\u003c/em\u003e begins at sundown on Friday night and is ushered in by lighting candles and reciting a blessing. It is closed the following evening with the recitation of the \u003cem\u003ehavdalah\u003c/em\u003e blessing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=6120.0,6150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/annotation_set/1155/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eConfirmation is a coming-of-age ritual that originated in the Reform movement, which scorned the idea that at 13 years of age a child was an adult. They replaced bar and bat mitzvah with a confirmation ceremony at about age 16 to 18. In some Conservative synagogues the confirmation concept has been adopted as a way to continue and child’s Jewish education and involvement for a few more years.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=6150.0,6180.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/index/78433","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Bock, Mike [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/index/78433/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family History","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=108.0,278.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/index/78433/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ALPERT: Very good. They ask for religious and cultural background.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=108.0,278.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/index/78433/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Orthodox Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Vladivostok, Russia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=108.0,278.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/index/78433/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mike's Jewish Education","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=278.0,335.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/index/78433/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ALPERT: Graduated high school? All right. They don't ask about Jewish . . . you went to public schools?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=278.0,335.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/index/78433/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bar mitzvah","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hebrew school","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=278.0,335.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/index/78433/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mike's Career and Volunteer Work","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=335.0,544.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/index/78433/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ALPERT: All right. Okay. Now, they ask your occupation.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=335.0,544.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/index/78433/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ahavath Achim Synagogue","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"American Jewish Committee","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B'nai B'rith International","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gavron, Janie Landau, 1910-2010","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Stern, Sonya \"Sunny\"","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"William Breman Jewish Home","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=335.0,544.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/index/78433/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Growing Up in Atlanta's Jewish Community","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947#t=544.0,1097.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/107909/file/208947/index/78433/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ALPERT: Good. All right. 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