{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/vx05x27j82/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Maziar, Howard"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2025-01-17 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Maziar, Howard (Interviewee)","Berman, Sandy (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther \u0026amp; Herbert Taylor Jewish Oral History Collection"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eDr. Howard Maziar was interviewed by Sandy Berman on January 17, 2025, in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eHoward Maziar was born on April 11, 1946, in Atlanta, Georgia. He was the youngest child and only son born to Jack Maziar and Rose Newman Maziar. Howard has two older sisters, Toby and Harriet. He grew up in Atlanta in the Morningside neighborhood. His father oversaw the operations of Associated Grocers from 1929 to 1971. Howard’s family initially attended Congregation Shearith Israel but moved to Ahavath Achim when he was a young child.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHoward attended Morningside Elementary School and graduated from Georgia Military Academy. He later attended Tulane University in New Orleans, Louisiana. Howard then went onto medical school at the Medical College of Georgia in Augusta, Georgia. After becoming a psychiatrist, he worked for a short time at the Veterans Administration Hospital and later went into private practice.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eDuring his youth, Howard became involved in social justice causes including protesting during the Civil Rights Movement and Vietnam War. He continues to be active in social justice causes today. He was also very active with the Georgia Psychiatric Physicians Association, holding various leadership positions. He has served on the board for the Center for Victims of Torture, Georgia Division and the Anti-Defamation League, Southeast Region. While attending medical school, he met his wife Patty Reistman in Boston, Massachusetts. They married on June 6, 1971, and have two children, Michelle and Michael and two grandchildren. Howard and Patty belong to Congregation Or Hadash and have an associate membership at Congregation Bet Haverim.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eHoward begins the interview by discussing his family history and how they ended up coming to Atlanta, Georgia. He talks about his father education experience and working for Associated Grocers. He reflects on the challenges and violence the Jewish grocery stores faced in the late 1950’s and 1960’s, and his dad working with the black community to try and address it. Howard shares his family connect to Congregation Shearith Israel and how his family later moved to Ahavath Achim Synagogue. He recalls his memories of Rabbi Harry Epstein and Cantor Isaac Goodfriend.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHoward recounts how his social activism and social justice efforts were developed during his childhood. He reflects on the impact his family’s housekeeper, Annie Keith, had on his life and views related to civil rights. He recalls some of the activities he took part in during the Civil Rights Movement and his wish he had gotten more involved in different things. Howard discusses the impact of school desegregation in Atlanta, and how he ended up attending Georgia Military Academy. He shares his memories of Jewish holidays with his family. He also spoke a little more about Annie and the relationship between his mother and Annie.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHe recounts how his parents met and the various activities they were involved in within the Jewish community. Howard talks about his interactions with other Jewish teens while growing up and various clubs the Jewish Community Center. He shares more memories about segregated Atlanta. He discusses going to Tulane University for undergraduate school and deciding to attend medical school at the Medical College of Georgia. He recalls his social activism during medical school and the impact of the Vietnam War on him and others. Howard recounts meeting his wife in Boston, Massachusetts.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHoward shares his definition of social justice. He reflects on his faith has impacted his social justice views. He also spoke about how the current divide in the county has impacted his friends and acquaintances. He talks about what is keeping him busy in retirement. He describes the fund established by his family in his honor at Georgia Psychiatric Physicians Association. Howard concludes the interview by discussing his daughter and son and what they are involved with.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Maziar, Howard (b. 1946) (personal name)","Maziar, Patty Reistman (b. 1946) (personal name)","Maziar, Jack (1907-1997) (personal name)","Maziar, Rose Newman (1913-2005) (personal name)","Leibowitz, Harriet Maziar (b. 1942) (personal name)","Maziar, Hyman (1869-1942) (personal name)","Maziar, Nathan N. (1885-1956) (personal name)","Maziar, Nathan H. (1904-1958) (personal name)","Maziar, Harry (b. 1934) (personal name)","Wise, Sam (1914-2003) (personal name)","Podber, Abe (1919-2011) (personal name)","Russell, Herman Jerome (1930-2014) (personal name)","Young, Andrew (b. 1932) (personal name)","Frank, Sherry Zimmerman (b. 1942) (personal name)","Benator, Asher (1931-2013) (personal name)","Goodfriend, Isaac (1924-2009) (personal name)","Epstein, Harry (1903-2003) (personal name)","Keith, Annie (1918-1990) (personal name)","Keith, Ulysses (1917-1991) (personal name)","McGill, Ralph (1898-1969) (personal name)","Maddox Sr., Lester (1915-2003) (personal name)","Carter Jr., James Earl “Jimmy” (1924-2024) (personal name)","Warshaw, Barry (b. 1946) (personal name)","Rothschild, Jacob (1911-1973) (personal name)","Jackson Jr., Maynard (1938-2003) (personal name)","Bortz, Analia (b. 1967) (personal name)","Soros, George (b. 1930) (personal name)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","New York City, New York (geographic term)","Macon, Georgia (geographic term)","Birmingham, Alabama (geographic term)","Augusta, Georgia (geographic term)","Boston, Massachusetts (geographic term)","Rome, Georgia (geographic term)","Chattanooga, Tennessee (geographic term)","Washington, D.C. (geographic term)","Crawford W. Long Memorial Hospital (corporate name)","Boys High School (corporate name)","Associated Grocers Co-op Inc. (corporate name)","Georgia Institute of Technology (corporate name)","Georgia State University (corporate name)","Walmart Inc. (corporate name)","American Jewish Committee of Atlanta (corporate name)","Congregation Shearith Israel (corporate name)","Ahavath Achim Synagogue (corporate name)","The Temple (corporate name)","Congregation Bet Haverim (corporate name)","Congregation Anshi S’fard (corporate name)","Congregation Or Hadash (corporate name)","Georgia Baptist Hospital (corporate name)","Leb’s Restaurant (corporate name)","Atlanta Journal-Constitution (corporate name)","Westminster School (corporate name)","Lovett School (corporate name)","Marist School (corporate name)","Woodward Academy (Georgia Military Academy) (corporate name)","Darlington School (corporate name)","Baylor School (corporate name)","Morningside Elementary School (corporate name)","Hadassah (corporate name)","Zionist Organization of America (corporate name)","Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta (corporate name)","Atlanta Jewish Community Center (corporate name)","Progressive Club (corporate name)","Mayfair Club (corporate name)","Standard Club (corporate name)","Piedmont Driving Club (corporate name)","B’nai B’rith Youth Organization (corporate name)","B’nai B’rith (corporate name)","Young Judaea (corporate name)","Royal Peacock (corporate name)","Herren’s Restaurant (corporate name)","Atlanta University (corporate name)","Tulane University (corporate name)","Medical College of Georgia (corporate name)","University of Maryland (corporate name)","Georgia Psychiatric Physicians Association (corporate name)","Morehouse College (corporate name)","The Fashion Institute of Technology (corporate name)","Havard University (corporate name)","University of Colorado (corporate name)","LaAmistad (corporate name)","World War I (1914-1918) (named event)","World War II (1939-1945) (named event)","The Holocaust (named event)","American Civil Rights Movement (named event)","Freedom Riders (named event)","Vietnam War (named event)","Segregation (topical term)","The Berry Plan (topical term)","Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) (topical term)","16th Street Baptist Church bombing (topical term)","Conservative Judaism (topical term)","Reform Judaism (topical term)","Hasidic Judaism (topical term)","Orthodox Judaism (topical term)","Sephardic Judaism (topical term)","Reconstructive movement (topical term)","Howard Maziar Fund for Innovation in Leadership (topical term)","Ku Klux Klan (topical term)","Pogrom (topical term)","Zionism (topical term)","Bar Mitzvah (topical term)","Bat Mitzvah (topical term)","Seder (topical term)","Shabbat (topical term)","Rosh HaShanah (topical term)","Challah (topical term)","Kosher (topical term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eDr. Howard Maziar was interviewed by Sandy Berman on January 17, 2025, in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHoward Maziar was born on April 11, 1946, in Atlanta, Georgia. He was the youngest child and only son born to Jack Maziar and Rose Newman Maziar. Howard has two older sisters, Toby and Harriet. He grew up in Atlanta in the Morningside neighborhood. His father oversaw the operations of Associated Grocers from 1929 to 1971. Howard\u0026rsquo;s family initially attended Congregation Shearith Israel but moved to Ahavath Achim when he was a young child.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHoward attended Morningside Elementary School and graduated from Georgia Military Academy. He later attended Tulane University in New Orleans, Louisiana. Howard then went onto medical school at the Medical College of Georgia in Augusta, Georgia. After becoming a psychiatrist, he worked for a short time at the Veterans Administration Hospital and later went into private practice.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eDuring his youth, Howard became involved in social justice causes including protesting during the Civil Rights Movement and Vietnam War. He continues to be active in social justice causes today. He was also very active with the Georgia Psychiatric Physicians Association, holding various leadership positions. He has served on the board for the Center for Victims of Torture, Georgia Division and the Anti-Defamation League, Southeast Region. While attending medical school, he met his wife Patty Reistman in Boston, Massachusetts. They married on June 6, 1971, and have two children, Michelle and Michael and two grandchildren. Howard and Patty belong to Congregation Or Hadash and have an associate membership at Congregation Bet Haverim.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHoward begins the interview by discussing his family history and how they ended up coming to Atlanta, Georgia. He talks about his father education experience and working for Associated Grocers. He reflects on the challenges and violence the Jewish grocery stores faced in the late 1950\u0026rsquo;s and 1960\u0026rsquo;s, and his dad working with the black community to try and address it. Howard shares his family connect to Congregation Shearith Israel and how his family later moved to Ahavath Achim Synagogue. He recalls his memories of Rabbi Harry Epstein and Cantor Isaac Goodfriend.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHoward recounts how his social activism and social justice efforts were developed during his childhood. He reflects on the impact his family\u0026rsquo;s housekeeper, Annie Keith, had on his life and views related to civil rights. He recalls some of the activities he took part in during the Civil Rights Movement and his wish he had gotten more involved in different things. Howard discusses the impact of school desegregation in Atlanta, and how he ended up attending Georgia Military Academy. He shares his memories of Jewish holidays with his family. He also spoke a little more about Annie and the relationship between his mother and Annie.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHe recounts how his parents met and the various activities they were involved in within the Jewish community. Howard talks about his interactions with other Jewish teens while growing up and various clubs the Jewish Community Center. He shares more memories about segregated Atlanta. He discusses going to Tulane University for undergraduate school and deciding to attend medical school at the Medical College of Georgia. He recalls his social activism during medical school and the impact of the Vietnam War on him and others. Howard recounts meeting his wife in Boston, Massachusetts.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHoward shares his definition of social justice. He reflects on his faith has impacted his social justice views. He also spoke about how the current divide in the county has impacted his friends and acquaintances. He talks about what is keeping him busy in retirement. He describes the fund established by his family in his honor at Georgia Psychiatric Physicians Association. Howard concludes the interview by discussing his daughter and son and what they are involved with.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/271/688/small/Maziar_Howard.mp4_1746378303.jpg?1746378308","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Maziar_Howard.mp4"]},"duration":5863.29742,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/271/688/small/Maziar_Howard.mp4_1746378303.jpg?1746378308","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/271/688/original/Maziar_Howard.mp4?1746378290","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":5863.29742,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Maziar, Howard [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Today is January 17, 2025, and my name is Sandy Berman. I am here with Howard Maziar, Dr. Howard Maziar, who has agreed to participate in the Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Project of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum. Thank you, Howard. I'm so pleased that you agreed to do this interview, so glad to have you here and to hear your stories and collect your memories.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=0.0,26.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=26.0,28.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I'd like to begin at the very beginning. Where and when were you born?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=28.0,33.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e I was born 1946 in Atlanta, what was then Crawford Long Hospital.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=33.0,45.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What were your parents' names?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=45.0,48.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Jack and Rose Maziar.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=48.0,50.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Your mother's maiden name.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=50.0,52.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Newman. N-E-W-M-A-N.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=52.0,55.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Where were they born?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=55.0,57.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e My mother was born in New York [New York]. Her parents had immigrated to the United States from Poland. She came to Atlanta when she was three, her parents looking for economic opportunity. My father was born in what is now Ukraine. His story is more complex. His father came to the United States in 1910. It was that typical story of leaving the difficulties in Ukraine, Russia, pogroms and so forth. There were seven children. His father came with the two older children; this was again in 1910 and came directly to Atlanta. He came to Atlanta because he had a brother who was living here and that's why Atlanta. My father with his remaining siblings came in 1920 with his mother. World War I broke out. They couldn't get out of the country until then. My father really never had seen his father until he was 13 or so. He was three when his father left, so he didn't really know his father. They, the mother and the remaining siblings came to Atlanta. I have a huge extended family in Atlanta based on all these siblings. My father didn't speak English. He had his bar mitzvah on the ship. It was a makeshift bar mitzvah. He told the story, and it was really quite fascinating. He learned to speak English in Atlanta. He had this really interesting combination of a Southern Russian accent. It was rather unique because he learned English with people speaking with Southern accents. It was kind of an interesting story. He came here; he was here at 13 in Atlanta.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=57.0,216.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e The brother who was here already, your grandfather's brother, what was his name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=216.0,222.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e His name was Nathan Maziar.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=222.0,228.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Why was he in Atlanta? How did he end up here?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=228.0,231.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e It's one of these situations, he married, if you're familiar with the Merlin family, he married one of the Merlin daughters. I don't know exactly how they had come to Atlanta, but it was that looking for economic opportunity. That story of peddlers and then eventually settling and opening a store and so forth, that's my understanding of how they came to Atlanta. It could have been anywhere, but it was Atlanta.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=231.0,268.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Can we stop for one second? We are back. We were talking about your parents and why they ended up here in Atlanta. Your father came. I'm just doing a little recap here. Your father was only 13. He had to learn English when he came here. Did he ever talk about how difficult it was being in school, going to school and not knowing the language?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=268.0,297.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e What he does talk about, did talk about was that he had no desire to take a transatlantic cruise from the United States back to Europe. He had already done that, he said. He made light of it and did talk about his bar mitzvah. But when he came to the United States, it was not traumatic for him learning English, he said. He was surrounded by others who didn't speak English as well. But I can't imagine that it wasn't [a] difficulty, starting high school not speaking the language. There's certainly parallels today in that regard. But they did not have English as a second language courses at that point in time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=297.0,359.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What high school did he attend?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=359.0,361.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e It was Boys High . . . and then he, after that, and this is an interesting story I think, he went to night business school at Georgia Tech. That eventually broke off, [spun] off, to become Georgia State. Georgia State had an evening program from the beginning. He had really a degree from Georgia Tech and a degree from Georgia State. He was solicited by both for contributions, and he gave to both.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=361.0,405.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I bet he was solicited . . . When your grandparents first came to Atlanta, how did they make a living?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=405.0,417.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e They had a small grocery store and that's a whole story in and of itself. Many of the Jewish immigrants who came started small grocery stores and my father was the general manager of Associated Grocers. Associated Grocers was a co-op where these small independent grocers would be able to buy their supplies, their groceries, to compete with the chains. My father was the first employee. It eventually grew. There were over 300 employees, 400 stores, but they, all and most of my family owned small grocery stores. I remember riding with my father around Atlanta, and he would point out every grocery store, the owner, and the history. The history was of course fascinating. This phenomena occurred after World War I and then also after World War II. My father was very instrumental in helping many of these individuals start. People will still today, now it's mostly the children, talk about how grateful they were, their parents were, that my father helped them. Sam Wise, Abe Podber, too, and they would be very grateful that my father. . .  They all went on to establish these great real estate empires, but that's how they started. They were just small independent grocery stores, and I remember working in those stores. I learned how to bag groceries as a young boy. My father never owned a grocery store, but he managed this co-op, and each individual grocer was a member of the co-op, just as co-ops are in any area.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=417.0,557.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Where was your grandparents' grocery store, where was it located?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=557.0,565.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e They were around the Mercedes-Benz Stadium, if you will, Magnum Street is the street. The street is still there, so it's kind of fun to go there and see, but that's where the grocery store was. They lived next to the store.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=565.0,583.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you know the name of the store?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=583.0,586.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't think it had a name. I don't know, it was probably Magnum Street Grocery.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=586.0,591.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I wanted to, since you brought up Associated Grocers, I wanted to talk a little bit more about that. We are very fortunate here; we have all the records of Associated Grocers. During the . . . I know that he helped a lot of Holocaust survivors after World War II. Did they provide capital too? Did they give them loans so they could open these small stores?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=591.0,620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, the organization had a loan program, but why so many people were grateful to my father is he personally helped them. He loaned them money, but they were two separate entities. But yes, they would help them get started, either my father individually or there was a loan program to help these immigrants start the grocery stores.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=620.0,662.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e During the 1960's, late 1950's and into the 1960's, a lot of these stores became, they were being robbed constantly. Do you remember, how did your father address that during that time period?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=662.0,683.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Actually, in thinking about this interview, I went back, my father did an oral history many years ago, and he talks about that. To read it now, it would be difficult because the context has changed so much. But at that time many of the grocers, the grocery store owners, were part of the community. They would give people credit; they would help them. But still, as the Civil Rights Movement progressed, the awareness that these were white owners in black communities who took whatever their earnings might be outside of the community. My father had discussions with various leaders. He actually at one point spoke with, I don't recall his first name, [H.J.] Russell of Russell Construction, a very prominent African American, and there were attempts to try to appease the tensions. But it was difficult. It was difficult, and it was early at this time, too, that many of the owners sold their stores and tried to get out. Many were sold to Korean immigrants, and the problems continued. The downside is that many of these stores closed and that produced a vacuum. Then you talk today about food deserts. They provided a service, I was thinking about that in retrospect. It would have been nice had there been a program to encourage black ownership. It was a different time; it was a very different time. It was absolutely a problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=683.0,834.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e There was a lot of violence. I think there was one store owner who was actually murdered.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=834.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, more than one. Yes, there were several that were murdered. It became very tense, very untenable, and it was a conflict. This came later, this Jewish black coalition that started, that was an attempt to bring together these divergent groups, both of which had been discriminated against. It was a difficult situation. Eventually, Associated Grocers closed. It was just not tenable for small grocers to make a living, and then the tensions too were difficult. Now, I say this, not all the stores were in poor black inner city neighborhoods. There were surrounding areas, the Associated Grocers served in the area from north of Georgia to Macon [Georgia]. There are many more rural stores and so on. But still, the co-op wasn't viable as time progressed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=840.0,922.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e At one point, Andrew Young made comments about the grocers, the Jewish grocers saying that they had raised prices, gouged the black community, and it was very defamatory toward the Jewish community. Did your father address [that]?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=922.0,941.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e He was already retired when that occurred, but I think Andrew Young, he was a consultant was it for Walmart at the time. It created a great deal of tension. There was this book and movie by Andrew Young, The Making of Modern Atlanta, and that talked about it. If I may, it was poor judgment on Andrew Young's part to make that comment. It was trying to justify Walmart's behavior by scapegoating, and . . . it was like the Jewish owners had sold old meat or rotten vegetables. It was very, yes, it was very inflammatory. But my father was already done, but he would talk about that, and it was disheartening to him, because he had worked so hard to help these grocery store owners thrive and build, really build community, but not all in the neighborhoods felt that way. Not all the owners were that way . . . We'd go into that whole tension between African Americans and the Jewish community. Sherry Frank was very active in the American Jewish Committee in trying to mend some of those ways.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=941.0,1057.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What was Asher Benator's involvement with Associated Grocers?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=1057.0,1063.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e He had a grocery store. Most . . . you had this little grocery store, and then you got started in all this other stuff.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=1063.0,1075.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Because he had all the records, so I didn't know how it ended up with him.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=1075.0,1084.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e But it's interesting how many people started with grocery stores. You could have that, and then you did this other stuff, and that's where you made all this additional money. You buy real estate. My father, I grew up in Morningside, and I remember he was looking at property at, I don't know, it was like Briar Cliff and La Vista. He said, \"Oh, nobody would ever live that far out.\" But that's the source of . . . If you go back far enough, and again, this is the more recent immigrants. I don't think that was so much the case with the earlier immigrants from Germany, but the Eastern European immigrants had grocery stores. It was a way to get started. You didn't have to speak that good of English to do it. I was just fascinated. My father was very liberal progressive and tried as best he could to navigate that situation. But many of my current day, I don't know if you want to call them progressive or liberal views were related to sitting around the breakfast room table hearing him talk.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=1084.0,1171.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What synagogue did they join on coming here, your grandparents?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=1171.0,1176.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e My grandfather, my father's father, was a member of Shearith Israel. Shearith Israel had already been founded, but when he came in 1910, that is where he belonged and was active. My father was active in Shearith Israel. I have two older sisters and my middle sister, Harriet, wanted to be bat mitzvah. Shearith Israel did not allow that. AA [Ahavath Achim] was beginning to allow this, so this was in the mid-1950's. My family joined AA. My sister was bat mitzvah; it was on a Friday night on Washington Street. This is before AA moved, so I grew up going to AA. I remember going to Shearith Israel for like a preschool year or two. But then we primarily would go to AA. My father maintained a membership in Shearith Israel. I come from a lineage of being over affiliated. But AA was more progressive, it joined the Conservative movement. I remember Cantor [Isaac] Goodfriend, Rabbi [Harry] Epstein. They were the rabbi and cantor when I was growing up. I learned how to smoke in the AA parking lot. I was skipping Friday night services. [Interviewee laughs] We remained at AA. After the children grew [up] and left the house, my father and mother went back to Shearith Israel exclusively . . . My bar mitzvah was one of the first bar mitzvahs in the new synagogue in the Northside Drive. It was that year, so . . . it's a big deal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=1176.0,1351.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What do you remember about Rabbi Epstein? What are your recollections?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=1351.0,1361.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Again, this is my attempt to be humorous. If Jesus had not already taken the place of the Son of God, I would have thought Rabbi Epstein was the Son of God. He was just very dignified figure and kind of no nonsense, but brilliant. His sermons were really outstanding. I was too young to really appreciate it, but even then, I was spellbound and fearful. In retrospect, while he was a great man in terms of his intellect, I've never had a close relationship with him. You know how today rabbis take pride and kids will say, \"Oh, I was so close,\" but that did not happen with Rabbi Epstein. Cantor Goodfriend that was like going to a Carnegie Hall concert when he would sing. He was just outstanding, and it was that old country. I remember him doing a concert of old Eastern European ballads and I was with my parents and my father started crying. I just, what it must have elicited. It's a different time now, but boy that was really quite something. If you remember the Jewish community at that time in Atlanta was not large, it was 15,000, maybe 20,[000]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=1361.0,1462.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e It's interesting to me and we're going to talk a lot more about it in a few minutes about your involvement with social justice issues and civil rights, but one of Rabbi Epstein's regrets, he told me in one of his last interviews, was that unlike The Temple, a synagogue that got involved with social justice issues and civil rights, he felt he should be the rabbi of the congregation and not get involved in the general community. It's interesting to me where your social activism and your involvement in social justice came from. Can you speak to that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=1462.0,1517.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e It came from hearing my parents talk. Discrimination, persecution was not an unknown entity. My father recalled being in Ukraine and the discrimination. His older brother Nathan Maziar, Harry Maziar is his son, and Harry of course is very prominent in the community, but the story is told about how Nathan was tied up by Cossacks, dragged behind a horse. They were going to shoot him, but they said something to the effect of, we're not going to waste a bullet on this Jew. My father experienced that so it was easy for him to understand what that must be like for African Americans. Now for me, social justice is a part of Judaism, it's part of . . . how we would act on our religious feelings. I can understand Rabbi Epstein did not do that. That was not what he thought. This is conjecture. I remember though in his sermons; you got the sense that there was a broader community and that we should treat people with kindness. The Golden Rule, if you will. There was some of that, but it primarily came from my family. It also came from my relationship with our housekeeper. I can go into that now if that seems appropriate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=1517.0,1660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, that's fine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=1660.0,1663.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e I mentioned earlier I was born in 1946. What I didn't talk about is that I was eight weeks premature. I weighed three and a half pounds when I was born. This is 1946. They did not have intensive care nurseries at that time. I was not expected to live. My mother had toxemia, and she was very ill. They took me home at three and a half pounds. They had a nurse who stayed with me for those first several months. When I was six months old, our housekeeper, Annie, was her name.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=1663.0,1717.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What was your last name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=1717.0,1719.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Keith. K-E-I-T-H. When I was six months old, I was still way, way underweight. My situation was still tenuous. Annie took care of me. She nurtured me, she fed me, made sure I was nourished. I grew up with her. I knew that she loved me, and I loved her. Our whole family loved her, my mother loved her. My mother and she became friends. It was sort of a positive version, if you will, of The Help. I knew segregation existed, I didn't quite understand it, but I knew it was problematic, and I knew that Annie suffered because of it. I knew that Annie was not treated as Caucasians were. Here's a woman I loved, who saved my life. She saved my life. My mother took care of me too, but Annie was there and it's kind of . . . I still like to go to Waffle House and have one of the servers call me honey or sugar, and I sort of melt. There's a . . . I remember this vignette growing up, African Americans were not particularly on TV. When I would see an African American on TV, I would come and find Annie to show her. It's kind of like I wanted to show, \"Oh, look, here's something positive and maybe it'll get better.\" Annie never . . . she didn't say anything, but I knew it was painful for her. I will tell the story now that really was so impactful for me. Often after work, we would take Annie home. Annie lived two blocks from Georgia Baptist Hospital. Interestingly, she owned her house. My family helped her with that. Now the house is like a block from the Beltline. It's like this in town, fashionable neighborhood. It wasn't so much then. I was 16, driving, Annie became ill, just kind of acutely ill, didn't know what it was, so she lived two blocks from Georgia Baptist. I took her to Georgia Baptist. Again, I didn't . . . I took her to the closest hospital. We were in the emergency room, and I was trying to get her seen. No matter what I said, no matter what I did, they wouldn't see her. They refused to provide her care. This is a woman I loved, a woman who loved me and that feeling of anger, of helplessness. I remember speaking to the physician there. They wouldn't see her. \"We do not serve African Americans.\" Now, this is Georgia Baptist Hospital, a religious affiliation, so on and so forth, that became Atlanta Medical. That solidified my social justice feelings. I need to do something about this. Now, interestingly, I'm a physician. I became what I could not provide to her at 16.  I was going to be a doctor, and I wasn't going to not be like that . . . I still get a bit choked up now just telling that story. It was just terrible.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=1719.0,2025.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What other ways did that change you? You went . . . back to school, you went back to your home but what did you start to do?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=2025.0,2038.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . This was 1962. The Civil Rights Movement was just taking form, it was taking form in Atlanta. I took part in demonstrations. I remember this so clearly that Leb's Restaurant, it was a delicatessen downtown, Luckie Street. The owner, who was Jewish, refused to integrate. Other restaurants were, and I remember picketing Leb's. I remember picking the capital. On one side, there were Klan pickets and [on the] other side, these were African Americans, whites, just making noise. In my own individual actions, I would be defiant. The buses were segregated. I would make a point of sitting next to an African American person. Now, as I tell this story, somebody listening who did not live during that time would say, \"What's that? What's the big deal? So what? That's nothing.\" But in that context, it was. I remember not really understanding, but the bus was crowded. I was sitting next to an African American woman, and I offered my seat to this white woman. I didn't think I was just being courteous, and she refused to take the seat. Then it dawned on me why, it just seemed, it made no sense. It just made no sense to me. Really, my parents, Annie, and the times made such a difference. Again, people might not know this history, Ralph McGill was the editor of the Atlanta Constitution. Again, for the time, he was very liberal, very progressive. He had a front page editorial every day. I would read that religiously, and it gave me motivation. Lester Maddox. Again, I don't know that these names mean anything to people unless you know the history of Atlanta. Owned a restaurant, refused to integrate, became governor, was just horrible. Had an ax handle that he would sell in a store. Succeeding him was Jimmy Carter and once governor, Carter was a more certainly more tolerant and that was like reaffirming. Now all of this was in the context of Atlanta, the city too busy to hate. I took pride in being from Atlanta. Atlanta, relatively speaking, was more progressive than Birmingham [Alabama]. Atlanta grew, Birmingham did not. There's a whole history around that and the airport. But this was my city, and I wanted it to be how it should be.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=2038.0,2295.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Were there any repercussions? Did you feel repercussions from friends, family, or did you fear for your life at all or for your safety by becoming involved?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=2295.0,2309.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm sorry I didn't become more involved. I am sorry I was not a Freedom Rider. I would have been . . . At the time I didn't quite know how to do it, but I wish I would've threatened my life. But no, now another part of this history is in 1959, finally the schools were integrated. The Brown v. Board of Education 1954, but it was delayed and implemented. Schools in Virginia closed. There was the fear, threat, that schools in Atlanta would close rather than integrate, schools would close. There was a rush on private schools in Atlanta. My parents didn't want my education to be interrupted. They certainly had no problems with schools being integrated. They thought that's how it should be. At the time in Atlanta, the private schools were Westminster, Lovett, Marist, and Georgia Military Academy. Westminster and Lovett had a very strict quota about taking Jews, if they would take Jews at all. It was really out of the question, and they were religious schools, still have that edge to them. Marist was Catholic military. Georgia Military Academy was secular military. My parents enrolled me there. Now, other Jewish kids, you'll hear these stories. They went to Darlington in Rome [Georgia]. There were two schools, Baylor in Chattanooga [Tennessee]. I went from Morningside Elementary; I grew up in Morningside which was in quotes a Jewish neighborhood. My elementary school was probably 40 percent Jewish. [On] Jewish holidays classes were held but there . . . was nothing of significance done, so many students were out. But I went from that to Georgia Military Academy, where out of a class of 100, there were two Jewish kids, me and a good friend of mine, Barry Warshaw, with whom I'm still friendly. He's a pediatric nephrologist in Atlanta. That was different, so here I . . . and that was at that time not progressive. Now Woodward has gone on to become, Georgia Military became Woodward, and it's very different now. But to answer your question, I was fearful there of expressing my feelings. I did in small ways, but I didn't put myself in danger. I maybe should, would have, but at the time I didn't . . . To answer your question, no, I was never physically threatened, name-calling and all of that, but nothing physical.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=2309.0,2548.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . Were your family members or your parents, were they worried for you? Did they express fear that you're going to protesting over at Leb's?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=2548.0,2560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e It was, \"Be careful.\" But they were proud. If you can be worried and proud at the same time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=2560.0,2574.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I want to backtrack a little bit and go back into some more of your family life. What were holidays like growing up in Atlanta? Did you have seders and Shabbat dinners? Were they at your grandparents' home?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=2574.0,2587.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, it's interesting when I would meet, and sometimes still today, people who were not from the South or whatever, going, \"What's it like growing up Jewish in Atlanta?\" As if it was some very different kind of experience. For me, it was not. Yes, I had Jewish friends. I had an extended family. Yes, so we had these large seders. We would go to synagogue on the holidays, come back and have dinner. It was comfortable. It's not like growing up in one of these small rural communities where there are two Jewish families. Even with the 15,000, 20,000 Jewish people then, it was very safe. I had very fine memories of seders, of breaking fasts, of Rosh HaShanah dinners, so yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=2587.0,2657.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Are there any, can you recall, or would you like to tell any stories about some of those family gatherings, anything in particular? Who ran the seders?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=2657.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e As you can tell from my continually talking, and not answering your question directly, I go all over the place. My father taught me that, so he would lead the seders. But then too, they were traditional. Maxwell House, I've got a Hebrew blip blip, blip. But still it was fun, and you were setting up the tables and all the food was delicious. Annie would do much of the cooking, much of preparation. My mother's mother taught her how to, in quotes, cook Jewish. She made bagels, challahs, chicken soup, and my family kept kosher. She made delicious kosher Chinese food. For these seders, we would have this delicious food. Interestingly, Annie, when she stopped working for the family, opened up a restaurant. This was right off of Forest Avenue, which is now Ralph McGill, and it was delicious. She served traditional Southern food, fried chicken . . . so she was a wonderful cook . . . Her restaurant was not licensed, but the police would come there, and the detectives would come to eat. But . . . the food was good; the company was good. The kids played; we were told to be quiet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=2670.0,2769.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Was Annie married? Did she have children?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=2769.0,2773.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Annie was married twice. I didn't know her first husband, but she had a son who got in difficulties and was in prison. She remarried, and I knew her husband, Ulysses, he was a chef also. He worked in a variety of restaurants and so on. A lovely man. I remember visiting him in the VA [Veterans Administration] hospital, and this was before the new hospital on Clairmont [Road] was built. She was active in her church.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=2773.0,2827.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e You said that your mother and she were friends. How did that friendship evolve . . . because it was a difficult time to have a . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=2827.0,2838.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, Annie and my mother spent days together. They would talk; my mother would talk about issues. Part of my mother's history, she came to Atlanta. Her mother died in Atlanta as a result of a fire. Her stove, she caught on fire, she died. My mother went back to New York. My grandfather remarried, came back to Atlanta. You can imagine it was traumatic. My mother tried to keep everything orderly. Annie might do the cooking, but my mother would make sure she had all the material she needed, so on and so forth. She would have the table could be set. They had kind of this dual role and helped one another. My mother helped to make sure she secured her, Annie secured her house. There was some problems with the mortgage, those kinds of administrative details. Annie would talk with her and my mother would talk with Annie.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=2838.0,2921.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e This might be a difficult question to kind of look back upon, but you said that your mother considered Annie her friend. Do you think Annie considered your mother as a friend or was it not an equal relationship?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=2921.0,2942.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e I think she did, and the reason I say that is my mother was very genuine and sensitive. She understood Annie's dilemma. She wasn't African American, but she knew trauma. Having lost her mother, she understood trauma. I think so, can I say it for sure? I think so that was certainly my feeling. My mother was sensitive, my father was as well. I'm a psychiatrist, I say, I went to medical school and did a psychiatry residency just as a formality. I learned in my family how to listen, how to be empathetic. That's where I got my training. All the others just for show.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=2942.0,3021.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e How did your parents meet?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=3021.0,3026.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e My father had started at Associated Grocers. My mother's father had a grocery store. My mother went to work part-time at Associated Grocers, so they met there and subsequently married. I jokingly say my father ran off with his secretary. [Both laugh]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=3026.0,3063.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Were they involved in Jewish community activities? Did they belong to organizations or clubs?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=3063.0,3072.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, my goodness. My mother was very active in Hadassah. In fact, one of the Federation brochures a couple of years ago had photographs, and one of those photographs were these three women in the hats. This must have been in the 1940's, and one of the women was my mother. She was very active in Hadassah. My father was active in Federation. There was a grocer division, so he started that. They were Zionists, unabashed. The Zionist Organization of America, active in that, bonds.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=3072.0,3142.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What about the Progressive Club or the Mayfair Club?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=3142.0,3147.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Do we have all day for this? What's your schedule? What time?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=3147.0,3154.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e We're good.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=3154.0,3157.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e It really is, I think, pretty interesting. Again, not unusual, but when you think of Atlanta as a town with a Jewish population the size it was. Yes, my days in the summer were spent at the Progressive Club. There was also the Mayfair Club. Now, you might say, well, what about the Standard Club? There was a clear separation of descendants of German Jews who belonged to The Temple, and Eastern European Jews who belonged to Shearith Israel, AA. Anshi S'Fard was a Hasidic synagogue, a small, and they were Orthodox. But there was clear separation. For me going to the Standard Club would feel no different than going to the Piedmont Driving Club. It just, it didn't happen. Never dated girls who went to The Temple. I didn't know them. Our lives were totally separate, and looking back on it, it seems kind of strange, but it was absolutely the case. Dating a girl from The Temple would have been very unusual. Now this is in the, it's not that long ago relatively speaking, 1950's, 1960's. But it was clear, Conservative Jews lived in northeast Atlanta, Reformed Jews lived to northwest Atlanta. That's not 100 percent, but that's how it was when they moved from south Atlanta. I still remember Atlanta Avenue, where my mother's parents lived, and going there to visit. It's now a historic neighborhood. Interesting enough, my daughter moved to Grant Park, and she lived two blocks from where her grandparents lived and now it's this historic neighborhood. But there was absolute separation. I still, and it's self-induced, I'm uncomfortable going into The Temple. Organ and all of that, it just, do I belong here? It's just, it's me. But there's that, that history was clear. Yes, I would go to the Progressive Club, hang out there. It was fun, it was great fun. I didn’t' feel like I was lacking anything. I belonged here, and they belonged there. No Jews could go to The Cloister at that time. I remember not too long ago, I went to an event at The Cloister and felt that same uncomfortableness that I felt going to The Temple. But yes, the Jewish Community Center was a central point. Every Sunday, we would hang out at the community center. There were, I'm going to use the term Reforms Jewish kids there, but still not much interaction. There were clubs - B'nai B'rith, BBYO [B'nai B'rith Youth Organization], Young Judaea, we all did that, played basketball. It was a very active life. But boy, those two communities did not cross. Then there was the Sephardic community, which was there too. You tell somebody who's not Jewish, what are all these divisions? It's hard too, but yes, that's what it is. Remember this is a relatively speaking small Jewish community.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=3157.0,3427.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Were you ever interested in what The Temple was doing as far as social justice? Rabbi [Jacob] Rothschild had gotten so involved with and The Temple bombing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=3427.0,3439.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e We knew about [that]. The Temple bombing, all of that. But there was no opportunity. I didn't know what The Temple . . . It would have been odd. It just didn't happen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=3439.0,3457.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What are some of your other memories of segregated Atlanta? What do you remember about, you mentioned the buses. What do you remember about the movie theaters and drinking fountains?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=3457.0,3473.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e All of that, the movie theaters, the restaurants. One of my other acts of defiance was going to a nightclub called the Royal Peacock. It was a black nightclub and they . . . allowed white kids and they'd serve alcohol. We could go in at 14, 15, 16, great entertainment . . . We were integrating. I had a couple of friends who went, some for the alcohol, some for entertainment, not for social justice necessarily. But we were integrating places before integration was legally ended. I remember going to Herren's restaurant on Luckie Street.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=3473.0,3538.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What was the name? I'm sorry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=3538.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Herren's. It's part of the history. They integrated early. The early leaders, Andrew Young, Maynard Jackson, you'll hear about that. They had these great cinnamon rolls. But going there to eat was an act of defiance. It seems odd, but it was basically integrating places before . . . integration was legal, before segregation was outlawed. It was small acts of defiance. I would sit in African American areas. It was accepted. I was never told to move by any of the African American customers or what have you, clients. Those are my memories, and I know it seems like, what's the big deal, but again, in the context of that time, it was a big deal. In my development, it was a big deal. I was not going to abide by those rules, and it stuck with me. I'm still doing stuff.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=3540.0,3632.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e It's interesting to me that you keep saying it wasn't a big deal, but in my experience interviewing countless individuals, I think it was a very big deal. Because when I ask individuals how those same issues affected them, most people answer, \"I really didn't think about it, it's just the way it was.\" I'd like you, I know we've gone about this every which way, but again, what was it that made you different? Was it Annie or just a lot of different experiences?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=3632.0,3673.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e In thinking about this, that incident with Annie in the emergency room at Georgia Baptist made me angry. It was terrible. I was sort of used to getting my way. It just never seemed right to me. I think it must have had to do with my parents, and it had to with that relationship with Annie. I didn't have black friends, that wasn't possible, but I sure had Annie.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=3673.0,3730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . Did you have discussions with her about the inequality, about the buses? Do you remember anything in particular?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=3730.0,3739.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e You asked about whether my parents were concerned about my safety. Annie was more concerned about my safety. \"You be careful.\" Annie was a significant figure. I jokingly say . . . I was in therapy for years. I had two older sisters, my mother, and I had Annie. I had all these older women who were telling me how I should be. Annie, she would point her finger at me, and you do not do that, you'd know better. But . . . Annie it's not right. She sort of said, \"That's just the way it is.\" She . . . was older than that young group. If you read about the history of Atlanta and integration, there was a rift between the younger Atlanta University complex students and the established black community in terms of how active they should be. Now again, Atlanta did navigate that better than many other places. But Annie was of that time where you don't make waves, you just . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=3739.0,3835.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Where did you go to college and when did you decide to become a physician?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=3835.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e I went to Tulane as an undergraduate. I regret not being more socially active in college. When I said in that emergency room experience the doctor wouldn't listen to me, I felt that I wanted, I became that. I wanted to be different. Now going to medical school was an issue for me. What I haven't talked about is I actually have a visual defect. I can see pretty well, but corrected, my vision is probably 20-40, 20-50. I could not be a surgeon. Part of that was because of my pre-maturity, but I was determined. But even without that I knew I wanted to do something in terms of providing mental health for people. Now why did I go to medical school? My father said I could do whatever I wanted as long as it was becoming a physician, a lawyer, or an accountant. I could do whatever I want as long it was one of those three. Going to medical schools, sure. It sounds so idealistic to say I wanted to help people. I wanted to help people, and I pretty much knew I wanted to be a psychiatrist. I sort of acted like I wanted to do other stuff, but.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=3840.0,3991.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Was it during the rotations that you decided?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=3991.0,3994.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e I decided. I knew that beforehand . . . I could have become a psychologist, but I wanted to go to medical school. My father never said I could go to graduate school in psychology, so. But you know, it's hard to get into medical school at that time, and so it was really . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=3994.0,4010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What year was this that you went?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=4010.0,4015.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e I started medical school in 1968. It was . . . I did some stuff in. Vietnam was coming around. Can you believe this? There were [in] my class of 100, there were two black students. That soon changed. My timing has always been different. I said I went to Georgia Military Academy right after I graduated, they did away with military and made it co-eds. I learned how to read a map, that was good. But . . . certainly Tulane was in New Orleans [Louisiana] in the South and there was a lot that could have been done. Some of the Vietnam stuff was starting. But then when I went to medical school in 1968, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, there were like three Jewish students in that year. It was not, I don't know if there was active discrimination, but I started doing stuff in medical school too. Mostly that was around Vietnam.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=4015.0,4081.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Were you concerned about the draft?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=4081.0,4084.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e At that time, a medical school would give you a deferment. Once I got out of medical school, there was no guarantee in a residency that you wouldn't be drafted. There was something called the Berry Plan, they'd let you finish if you went to go in, but I didn't want to do that. I almost went to Canada. I was not going to go to Vietnam and did a lot of Vietnam protesting. That still bothers me. I think the real heroes were the, I'll say boys who went to Vietnam and those who went to Canada. It was a terrible time, just terrible. Boy . . . it fractured the country. I remember the High Museum had a photography exhibit. This was going back to African American issues of integration, Freedom Riders, and other, Birmingham church bombing and all that. I cried the whole time in there. There were young African Americans, who didn't experience any of that. Here this white guy was . . . bawling all over the place because it was just, it's impacted on me. As a psychiatrist, I was in private practice but . . . [if] people couldn't pay me, it was fine. I'm not, I'm comfortable, but I just didn't care. Okay, I'm answering . . . keep me on track.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=4084.0,4195.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e No, I am. You're doing great. Did you always know after medical school you would come back to Atlanta?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=4195.0,4203.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e I did my residency at University of Maryland in Baltimore [Maryland] and had a very good experience. The residency was good. There's certainly that Washington-Baltimore area, there's a rich psychiatry history, and I thought about staying, but I wanted to come back and be around family, I just did. After the residency, this was before children, my wife and I took a year off and we traveled. We literally went around the world. It was, I jokingly say I didn't believe the world was round . . . I took the trip that my father didn't want to, we went by, it was the Queen Elizabeth at that time, we did a transatlantic crossing. We went over land to India, back through Southeast Asia and back around, and came back to Atlanta. I worked at the VA for a period of time and started private practice, which was kind of the norm. Now for somebody who wanted to save the world going into private practice seems a bit contradictory, but.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=4203.0,4267.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I wanted to [ask] how did you meet your wife and when?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=4267.0,4273.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e We actually have two different stories about this, so. Medical College of Georgia actually had a very progressive curriculum. In our first and second year, we could do two months electives anywhere we wanted to. I wanted to get out of Augusta. Small town, provincial certainly, so I went to Boston [Massachusetts]. My story is, I got off the plane, had a little sign hanging from my neck that said, \"Jewish medical student.\" My wife saw it, had a butterfly net, scooped me up, and I woke up married. That's my story. She has a different story that I chased her to Boston, would come visit her. But we met at a radical medical organization program, and we were going to do projects, and we were assigned to the same project. I say I was there for the politics. She was there to meet a guy. She was successful in her goal. I was not so successful. Her story is that I chased her all around.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=4273.0,4355.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What was the organization?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=4355.0,4358.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e It was called the Student Health Organization. It was sort of the SDS [Scholarships for Disadvantaged Students] of medical school students. But it was, we [did] open enrollment, we did a lot of stuff. This was in Boston; it was relatively safe to do. But when I came back to Augusta, there were a group of us who we tried as best we could. I remember the dean of the medical school in Augusta, we thought we would get in trouble. He was so happy to have these radical students there. He felt like the rest of the country. He . . . really sort of co-opted us. He had us come in his office, give us cookies and milk. But it was not well received by many of the other students and faculty.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=4358.0,4411.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Your wife's name for the tape . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=4411.0,4414.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Patty Reistman is her maiden name, and we met in Boston and dated. We had a long-term relationship. I went there for a couple of summers. I wanted her to move from Boston to Augusta and live with me. She was not going to do that. \"Are you kidding me? Marry me and maybe.\" We got married between my third and fourth year of medical school and moved to Augusta . . . The medical community was really quite nice, and I got a terrific education I felt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=4414.0,4453.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What is your definition of social justice?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=4453.0,4468.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Again, it sounds so naive for a 78-year-old man to be saying this, but it's still to help people have equal rights, justice, opportunity, to treat everyone like we would want to be treated. In every religious tradition, there is some variation of the Golden Rule. It's ending discriminatory practices. It's ending treating unfairly individuals. It's giving opportunity to all of us. I've been, if you call marches here . . . whether it's a women's movement or immigration issues. It's interesting, my daughter has become, was very active, is very active in immigrant affairs. She was the first director of the Office of Immigrant Affairs for the city of Atlanta. Kasim Reed . . . whatever you think of him, started that program and believed in. It was good for business, too. There's a huge immigrant community in Atlanta. But . . . that impacted my daughter as well, but it's that idea of treating people well. Just to keep rambling for a moment. It's frustrating. At one point, I thought I could finish the job. But. . . it's very helpful for me to go back to that Pirkei Avot that, \"It's not our job to finish repairing the world, but nor are we free to desist.\" I know I'm not going to complete it, but it's discouraging. It's absolutely discouraging. A lot of it is I try to do it just in my individual life. Smiling at people, being friendly, being helpful to me, that's in a small way making the world a better place. But on a more global level . . . I'm worried about these next four years, for sure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=4468.0,4623.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm going to talk to you about that in one second. You've already alluded to this, but how has your faith influenced your beliefs in social justice?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=4623.0,4642.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e I grew up in a Conservative synagogue. I have great difficulty with the theology. I am certainly more attuned to the Reform movement's issue of social justice and the Reconstructive movement. I have an associate membership at Bet Haverim, and they make no bones about it, this is who we are. The Conservative movement, \"We're an open tent for everyone.\" For me, fulfilling my faith is social justice. That is, in quotes, keeping kosher in a certain way. I also remember Or Hadash and Analia Bortz, who is no longer rabbi but was, talked about keeping kosher as a much more broad meaning than what you eat or don't eat, and that's resonated with me. Now, there are times I think it's all hogwash, and had I been born under different circumstance, I'd be Catholic and do Buddhist, but I like to feel that I would still be the same person. I draw on Judaism for that, but it's not limited. It's not because I'm Jewish that I believe this. It's because I am a human. This is personal feeling. The theology of the Reform movement, the theology of the Reconstructionist movement support that. The Conservative movements moving there. We belonged to Or Hadash and the rabbi there is now is, if she could say what she wanted, she would. I draw on it, but it's my humanness, not my religious orientation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=4642.0,4805.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e This might be my most difficult question for you to answer. Right now, we're a very divided country. How have your beliefs influenced or changed your perception of some friends and acquaintances? Have you lost faith, so to speak?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=4805.0,4841.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e You can see I'm hesitating.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=4841.0,4845.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Feel free to not answer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=4845.0,4846.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh no, I want to answer, you kidding. Tell me to hush if I'm going too far, too much. But the one, there was one friendship. We went to medical school. He was doing stuff in medical school, and he just became gradually more conservative. We were close friends for 40 years and I couldn't do it. He was provocative, and we just . . . it was painful. We're just now trying to reconnect. He keeps quiet and I keep quiet for the most part. But close family, pretty much we all, and close friends, pretty much, we all believe the same way . . .  I wouldn't be friends with somebody in the beginning, but there's been this one friendship because he was one of the people in medical school. We did medical school together, our residency together, and it's painful. It's just painful. I understand it, but I don't about being Jewish and I can go on and you know about Israel and one issue, and I would argue that it's not good for Israel. But it's been painful, it's hard. I'm still, and I'm not sure how it's going to go. Most psychiatrists tend to be a bit more open-minded, I'll say, so it's difficult. As a psychiatrist, I've certainly just talk to people who are just so troubled by the division and family members who don't speak to each other and so on and so forth. I can't imagine being married to someone who believed differently though. It happens, but boy, that would seem so hard. How do you love someone who thinks so different?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=4846.0,4996.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I know that you're retired, how do you keep busy these days?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=4996.0,5003.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e For the last 30 years, I've been active in organized medicine. The Georgia Psychiatric Physicians Association is the organization of psychiatrists in Georgia. It's the state organization of the American Psychiatric Association. I picketed the American Medical Association one year. I have this great photograph of me, and you can imagine how that went over in Augusta. I remember an alumni said they were going to call the dean and get me thrown out of school. The dean loved it, so I was pretty safe. But I'm still active in organized medicine. This was, I was going to change medicine, I was going to go through the system, and I remember going to [Washington] D.C. and again this is me thinking I'm funny. I can pass for a Republican. I have a gray pinstripe suit, I have a red tie, and so you know I like infiltrate. I [am] still trying to do stuff there, so that's how I'm keeping busy. For 30 years, I've sworn I'm going to clean out the basement. For 30 years, we've just thrown everything in the basement, believe it or not, that's keeping me busy, but I'm still active in organized medicine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=5003.0,5113.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I read that your wife and your children established a fund at the Georgia Psychiatric Physicians Association. What does the fund do?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=5113.0,5123.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . It was really very touching. On my 75th birthday, they wanted to do something, and they knew I was, been active. There's a foundation that's part of the organization. They started a fund for innovations in leadership for young psychiatrists. If we're going to make a difference, having younger physicians be active is important. Again, I'm digressing, but I'm amazed at how legislation of various states impacts how we can practice medicine. The abortion issue is a clear example of that . . . you can go to prison. Georgia has lost OB-GYNs, and so this fund is to help train younger psychiatrists in leadership. The foundation supports the suicide association, all these other, but this is specifically for young psychiatrists and leadership is something that can actually be learned. You hear about natural leaders. Yes, they might be, but it's like natural athletes, you still have to hone the skills. That's what the fund is designed to do. Now, I went to a . . . the fund helped finance a young psychiatrist. This was Morehouse, all African American, and I came away from that so energized to see these young psychiatrists interested in making a difference, so that's what the fund is. When they collect, they say when they don't know me, \" Is he dead? Is this a memory of? How do you make the contribution?\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=5123.0,5263.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Your children, what are their names and what do they do?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=5263.0,5268.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Two children, a daughter, Michelle, and a son, Michael. Michelle is 45 now, she . . . How am I supposed to say it? In between opportunities, which means she's unemployed. This is our free spirit child, not married, doesn't see the point. She loves children, she likes men, but you're going to tell me, some guy's going to tell you what to do. I don't think so. Always, I thought I would have one of those like sweet little girls who would . . . She's good we have a great relationship, but she keeps me in line. She actually went to Tulane and majored in political science. Actually, went to Fashion Institute of Technology in New York. She said she wanted to do something in surface design . . . Very proud, she went from a bachelor's degree to get an associate's degree. 2008 came, no employment, came back to Atlanta. She was in New York. [She] did some volunteer work in a program called LaAmistad, which helped children of immigrants, documented or otherwise. Loved it. She did a lot of traveling. She [went] mostly to places that had beaches, but she decided that if she was going to do this, she needed a graduate degree, kind of on a whim. She applied to several schools, she applied to Harvard, their school of education. It's not to be a teacher, it's very broad. She made this 'playing soccer on the beach with kids' into this worldwide social justice movement, helping children, which she really did, but she was accepted. Loved the program, looked for jobs. It was at this time that the city of Atlanta, Kasim wanted to start an Office of Immigrant Affairs. It was termed \"Welcoming Atlanta.\" The immigrant community is a powerful community. It's not all undocumented laborers. The statistics of foreign-born business people in Atlanta is phenomenal. Kasim Reed started, Michelle applied and got the job and loved it. She really did a lot of good programs for kids. She did a lot of work with Dreamers, a lot of work with kids who were born in the United States, but parents were undocumented. You better not say illegal alien in front of her. It's undocumented human, and she's right. She did that, she then got a fellowship. It's a George Soros sponsored organization and did that for two years. It was for the program, and it was really very competitive. The program . . . wanted people just to take time to think and she's really traveled around the world doing work with immigrant affairs and she'll do something, she lands on her feet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=5268.0,5546.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Michael, your son.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=5546.0,5548.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Michael is in between opportunities. He went to University of Colorado for undergraduate school, which was a mistake. When your kid says they want to go to college . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=5548.0,5569.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . Remember, they're going to hear this interview.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=5569.0,5571.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Wherever you want to go is fine with me. You do whatever, I just want you to be happy, that's a mistake. He went to University of Colorado met a woman there, eventually married her. They were living in Atlanta, six months ago they moved back to Colorado. It's beautiful, they're nauseatingly happy. They took my six-year-old and four-year old grandchildren with them. I'm just brokenhearted. They were in it, and had they never lived in Atlanta, but they lived in Atlanta and then moved. The nerve that they think they have the right to live wherever they want. I don't know where they got that from, but it was a mistake saying, oh, anybody listening to this, remember this. When . . . you say you just want your kids to be happy, be careful, because they might take your grandchildren away from you at some point. [Both laugh] . . . They're in Colorado. She actually received a very good job. She's a pediatric anesthesiologist. It's really . . . beautiful. You walk outside and there are the mountains. They love to ski. He worked for Silicon Valley Banking, that fell apart, and . . . it has really been hard for him to come back from, he had a great position. But he'll do something. Those are our children. They both have that same social . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=5571.0,5669.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e That is my very last question. How have you passed down your beliefs regarding social justice to your children?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=5669.0,5678.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e I tell Michelle that she is acting on my unconscious push. Patty and I have supported her, encouraged her, thinks she's doing great. That's great that you're doing all of this. We're really proud of you. We really love it. Michael has seen that. We tease him all the time. He's working for a bank. This is a guy that couldn't add or subtract, but that's not the skill that's needed for what he does. They see it. They hear me talk. We took them on marches . . . We went to marches together. It's what they know . . . Their grandparents, my parents were influence, they knew what my father did and that inspired them. Michelle talks about my grandfather was an immigrant. It's what they see, it's what they've learned, and it's what we've encouraged them to do. My hope is that they will continue to do that. Again, a bit trite, but children learn by example. If you want your children to be nice, be nice. That's what I think. I'm proud of them. I don't like to use the term proud because it seems like self-serving or something, but it's one of the seven deadly sins, pride. But I'm proud of them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=5678.0,5808.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e As you should be. On that note, I think we can conclude, unless there is anything that you would like to say that I have not addressed or talked about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=5808.0,5826.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Due to your skilled interviewing, I think I've covered everything that I had to say, rambling and all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=5826.0,5842.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e You did not ramble. It was a wonderful interview and I'm so appreciative of your participation in this project. This wonderful young woman will be digitizing all of this, and it will be available to you in a blink of an eye.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=5842.0,5859.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay, that's great. Thank you so much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=5859.0,5862.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/transcript/79145/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=5862.0,5863.29742"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSandra Katz \"Sandy\" Berman is an American archivist. A native of Cleveland, Ohio, she was the founding archivist of the Cleveland Jewish Archives. She later moved to Atlanta, Georgia, and in 1985 became the founding archivist of the Ida Pearle and Joseph Cuba Archives for Southern Jewish History at the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum. During her 28-year tenure at the Breman, she co-curated multiple exhibitions and expanded the scope of the museum to include collections from Jewish communities throughout Georgia and surrounding states. She is the interviewer for many of the oral histories that can be found in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=0.0,26.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum in Atlanta celebrates and commemorates Jewish history, culture, and art through events and museum spaces. The Breman also contains the Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History, which houses thousands of manuscripts, oral histories, and photograph collections, related to southern Jewish history and the Holocaust. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=0.0,26.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAtlanta, Georgia is the capital and largest city in the state of Georgia. During the American Civil War it was a strategically important city for the Confederacy until it was captured in 1864. The city was almost entirely burnt to the ground during General William Sherman’s March to the Sea. After the war, the city rebounded and became a national industrial center.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=33.0,45.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCrawford W. Long Memorial Hospital was established in 1906 as a sanatorium by Dr. Luther C. Fischer. Originally named the Davis-Fischer Sanitorium, it was located on Crew Street at its founding, but a new building was built on Linden Avenue near downtown Atlanta in 1910. The name was changed to Crawford W. Long Memorial Hospital in 1931 as a memorial to the Georgia physician who first discovered the use of ether as an anesthetic. In 2009, the name was changed to Emory University Hospital Midtown. The 511-bed hospital is a full service facility and acute care teaching hospital.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=33.0,45.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJack Maziar (1907-1997), a native of Russia, was a manager at Associated Grocers Co-op in Atlanta from 1929 to 1971, which bought merchandise and sold it to member retail grocery owners, eliminating the wholesaler. He set up the Associated Grocers Credit Union. He was active in the East Point Rotary Club, headed the grocery division of the Atlanta Jewish Federation, and was treasurer of the Atlanta Bureau of Jewish Education. He was married to Rose Newman, and they had three children, Toby, Harriet, and Howard. They were members of Ahavath Achim Synagogue and later Congregation Shearith Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=48.0,50.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRose Newman Maziar (1913-2005) was born in New York City to Morris and Fanny Newman. She lived most of her life in Atlanta. She graduated from Commercial High School and married Jack Maziar in 1936. Rose served as president of the Morningside Elementary School PTA and Hadassah. She and Jack also helped Holocaust survivors and other immigrants. They had three children, Toby, Harriet, and Howard. They were members of Ahavath Achim Synagogue and later Congregation Shearith Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=48.0,50.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNew York City is located in New York state. It is also known by the nicknames the Big Apple or NYC. It is the largest city by population and metropolitan area in the United States. It is made up of five boroughs sitting where the Hudson River meets the Atlantic Ocean. The city was settled in 1624 and in 1664 it was named for the Duke of York, later King James II of England. The city is a global center for everything from finance to arts and fashion to international diplomacy as the home of the United Nations.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=57.0,216.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHyman Maziar (1869-1942) was born in Russia and immigrated to the United States in 1910 with two of his seven children. His wife, Cecilia and the remaining five children, including Jack, immigrated in 1920. He owned and operated a grocery store on Magnum Street in Atlanta. He and Cecilia attended Congregation Shearith Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=57.0,216.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePogrom is a Russian word meaning \"to wreak havoc, to demolish violently\" that historically refers to violent attacks on by local non-Jewish populations on Jews. Anti-Jewish pogroms in the Russian Empire were large-scale, targeted, and repeated anti-Jewish rioting that first began in the 19th century. Pogroms began occurring after the Russian Empire acquired territories with large Jewish populations from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Ottoman Empire during 1772–1815.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=57.0,216.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War I, also called First World War or Great War, was an international conflict from 1914 to 1918 that embroiled most of the nations of Europe along with Russia, the United States, the Middle East, and other regions. The war pitted the Central Powers—mainly Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey—against the Allies—mainly France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, Japan, and, from 1917, the United States. It ended with the defeat of the Central Powers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=57.0,216.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA bar mitzvah [Hebrew: son of commandments; plural: b’nai mitzvah] is a rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day. At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes. He is now duty-bound to keep the commandments, he puts on tefillin, and may be counted to the minyan quorum for public worship. He celebrates the bar mitzvah by being called up to the reading of the Torah in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=57.0,216.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNathan N. Maziar (1885-1956) was born in Russia and he immigrated to the United States. He settled in Atlanta, Georgia, where he operated a grocery store. He was married to Fradel “Frieda” Merlin. They had five children, Sophie, Ida, Rose, Louis and Eddie. He and Frieda belonged to Ahavath Achim Synagogue and the Merlin Family Circle. He also was the older brother of Hyman Maziar and uncle of Nathan H. and Jack Maziar.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=222.0,228.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEstablished in 1872, Boys High School was one of the first public schools in the city of Atlanta. The school occupied several locations throughout the city until 1924, when it was re-located to Charles Allen Drive and 10th Street. It remained a school for white males until it merged with Girls High and Tech High in 1947 to form Henry Grady High School. It was integrated in 1961. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=361.0,405.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorgia Institute of Technology, which is commonly referred to as Georgia Tech is a public research university and institute of technology in Atlanta. It was founded in 1885 during Reconstruction as part of the plan to build an industrial economy in the post-Civil War South.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=361.0,405.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorgia State University is a public research university in Atlanta, Georgia. It was founded in 1913 and today has seven campuses around the Atlanta metro area. It is part of the University System of Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=361.0,405.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAssociated Grocers Co-op Inc., originally founded as Atlanta Saving Stores in 1929 and later known as Quality Service Stores, bought merchandise collectively, and in turn, sold it to their member owners at the lowest possible cost. Eight Atlanta Jewish grocers, who met at the home of Dr. Irving Greenberg, founded it. The membership remained entirely Jewish until the 1930’s, when it expanded to include grocers from the general community. Most of the small stores were not passed down to the next generation and simply went out of business. Associated Grocers Co-op closed in 1988.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=417.0,557.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II (abbreviated WWII or WW2) was a global war involving fighting in most of the world and most countries. Most countries fought in the years 1939–1945 but some started fighting in 1937. Most of the world's countries, including all the great powers, fought as part of two military alliances: the Allies and the Axis Powers. World War II was the largest and deadliest conflict in all of history. It involved more countries, cost more money, involved more people, and killed more people than any other war in history. Between 50 to 85 million people died. The majority were civilians. It included massacres, the deliberate genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, starvation, disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons against civilians in history.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=417.0,557.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSam Wise (b. Smerel Visgardiski, 1914-2003) was one of six children born to a Jewish family in Vandziogala, Lithuania. He was relocated to the Kovno Ghetto during World War II and later deported to Nazi concentration camps, including Dachau in Germany. Sam, one brother (Isaac), and both of their wives survived the Holocaust and later immigrated to the United States, settling in Atlanta, Georgia. The Wise family’s testimonies and papers are housed at the Breman Museum’s The Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=417.0,557.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAbe Podber (1919-2011) was born in Vishneve, Poland. He was a survivor of Dachau Concentration Camp. He lost his parents, two sisters and a brother in the war. Two other brothers survived. In 1949, he married his wife, Phyllis and they along with one brother immigrated to the United States where they settled in Atlanta. Abe owned and operated a grocery store and later worked in real estate. He and Phyllis had three sons, Arnold, Morris and Jacob and four grandchildren. He belonged to Congregation Shearith Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=417.0,557.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMercedes-Benz Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Atlanta, Georgia. It opened in 2017 as a replacement for the Georgia Dome, it is the home of the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League (NFL) and Atlanta United FC of Major League Soccer (MLS). The stadium is owned by the state of Georgia through the Georgia World Congress Center Authority, and operated by AMB Group, the parent organization of the Falcons and Atlanta United FC. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=565.0,583.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Holocaust was the systematic, government-sponsored attempt by the German Nazi government to annihilate the Jews of Europe between 1939 and 1945, which resulted in the deaths of 6,000,000 Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=591.0,620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil Rights Movement encompasses social movements in the United States whose goal was to end racial segregation and discrimination against Black Americans and enforce constitutional voting rights to them. The movement was characterized by major campaigns of civil resistance. Between 1955 and 1968, acts of nonviolent protest and civil disobedience produced crisis situations between activists and government authorities. Noted legislative achievements during this phase of the Civil Rights Movement were passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the Immigration and Nationality Services Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=683.0,834.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHerman Jerome Russell (1930-2014) is an Atlanta businessman and philanthropist. He was the founder and former chief executive officer of H.J. Russell and Company and a nationally recognized entrepreneur and philanthropist, as well as an influential leader in Atlanta. In 1957 he inherited his father’s business and turned the small plastering company into a construction and real estate conglomerate. Some of the construction projects H. J. Russell and Company were a part of include Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport, the Georgia Dome, Philips Arena, and Turner Field. Russell became the first black member of the Atlanta Chamber of Commerce in the 1960s, and later became the second black president of the chamber. When Russell stepped down in 2004 as head of the company, he handed leadership over to his two sons and daughter. He worked very closely with Martin Luther King Jr. in the 1960s. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=683.0,834.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eH. J. Russell \u0026amp; Company was founded by Herman Jerome Russell in 1952. Originally the company was known as H. J. Russell Plastering Company. The company grew to be the largest minority-owned real estate and construction business in the United States. Among the companies many projects are the 1996 Olympic Stadium and they worked on the Mecedes-Benz Stadium. When Herman retired his three children, H. Jerome, Donata, and Michael took over the operation of the business. As of 2025, Michael Russell is the company’s chief executive officer.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=683.0,834.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFood deserts are areas that have limited access to affordable and nutritious food. This is often due to a lack of supermarkets or grocery stores. These areas are commonly found in low-income communities who may lack transportation to access fresh and health food options.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=683.0,834.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMacon, Georgia is located in central Georgia. It is officially known as Macon-Bibb County, a consolidated city-county. The city was settled on what was originally the site of the Ocmulgee Old Fields, where the Creek Indian lived in the 18th century. In 1809, Fort Benjamin Hawkins was built on what would officially become Macon in 1823. During the Civil War, the city was spared by Union General William Tecumseh Sherman on his march to sea.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=840.0,922.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAndrew Jackson Young (b. 1932) is an American politician, diplomat, activist and pastor from Georgia. He has served as a Congressman from Georgia's 5th congressional district, the United States Ambassador to the United Nations, and Mayor of Atlanta. He served as President of the National Council of Churches USA, was a member of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) during the 1960s Civil Rights Movement, and was a supporter and friend of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=922.0,941.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWalmart Inc. (formerly Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.) is an American multinational retail corporation that operates a chain of hypermarkets (also called supercenters), discount department stores, and grocery stores in the United States and 23 other countries. It is headquartered in Bentonville, Arkansas. The company was founded in 1962 by brothers Sam and James \"Bud\" Walton in Rogers, Arkansas.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=941.0,1057.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSherry Zimmerman Frank (b.1942) is a native of Atlanta, Georgia. Sherry has been involved and led numerous organizations including serving as Executive Director for the Southeast Region of the American Jewish Committee (AJC) for 25 years. She was also President of the National Council of Jewish Women (NCJW), served on the board of Ahavath Achim (AA), and was Vice President of the Epstein School. While at AJC she helped found many groups including the Atlanta Black/Jewish Coalition, ACCESS, and Faith Alliance of Metro Atlanta (FAMA). In 2019 her book, A Passion to Serve: Memoirs of a Jewish Activist, was published, offering a detailed and engaging look at her fifty years of activism and community service. She attended Stephens College in Columbia. She was married to Leonard Frank, and they had four children. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=941.0,1057.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Jewish Committee of Atlanta is a regional branch of the American Jewish Committee (AJC). AJC was founded in 1906 to safeguard the welfare and security of Jews worldwide. It is one of the oldest Jewish advocacy organizations in the United States. AJC Atlanta founded the Atlanta Black-Jewish Coalition in 1982 to build relations between the communities, focusing on education, outreach, and advocacy. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=941.0,1057.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAsher Benator (1931-2013) was a businessman and Jewish community leader in Atlanta who was active in many organizations. He was past president of Or VeShalom, Men’s ORT of Atlanta, and Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta; chairman of Israel Bonds for the State of Georgia; commander of Jewish War Veterans Post 112; board member of Butler Street YMCA; “Man of the Year” for B’nai B’rith and ORT; Southeast Region Israel Bonds Award of Honor; and Lifetime Achievement Award-winner for Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta. In 1949, Asher was the State of Georgia Golden Gloves boxing champion.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=1057.0,1063.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMorningside/Lenox Park is a neighborhood in Atlanta, Georgia founded in 1923. It is located north of Virginia-Highland, east of Ansley Park and west of Druid Hills. Approximately 3,500 households comprise the neighborhood that includes the original subdivisions of Morningside, Lenox Park, University Park, Noble Park, Johnson Estates and Hylan Park. After World War II, residents of heavily Jewish Washington-Rawson and Summerhill neighborhoods south of the State Capitol relocated to northeast Atlanta including Morningside when those old Jewish neighborhoods were demolished to make way for the Downtown Connector freeway and Turner Field.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=1084.0,1171.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA synagogue is a Jewish house of worship where the congregation meets for religious services and instruction.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=1171.0,1176.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1904, Congregation Shearith Israel began as a congregation that met in the homes of congregants until 1906 when they began using a Methodist church on Hunter Street. After World War II, Rabbi Tobias Geffen moved the congregation to University Drive, where it became the first synagogue in DeKalb County. In the 1960s, they removed the barrier between the men’s and women’s sections in the sanctuary, and officially became affiliated with the Conservative movement in 2002. As of 2022, the current Senior Rabbi of the congregation is Ari Kaiman.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=1176.0,1351.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarriet Maziar Leibowitz (b. 1942) was born in Atlanta, Georgia. She is the middle child of Jack and Rose Newman Maziar. She attended Henry Grady High School and earned a bachelor’s degree from Boston University. She earned her Master’s in Fine Arts at Georgia State. She is a photographer, whose work has been published in various publications. She also has works at the Birmingham Museum of Art, the High Museum of Art, and the Museum of Contemporary Art of Georgia, along with various business in the Atlanta. In 1964, she married Henry Leibowitz and they had three children, Mark, Scott, and Gayle.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=1176.0,1351.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA bat mitzvah [Hebrew: daughter of commandments] is a rite of passage for Jewish girls aged 12 years and one day according to her Hebrew birthday. Many girls have their bat mitzvah around age 13, the same as boys who have their bar mitzvah at that age. The bat mitzvah girl is now duty bound to keep the commandments. Synagogue ceremonies are held for bat mitzvah girls in Reform and Conservative communities, but it has not won the approval of Orthodox rabbis.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=1176.0,1351.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAhavath Achim Synagogue (often referred to as \"AA\") was founded as an Orthodox congregation in 1887 in a small room on Gilmer Street. In 1901 they moved to a permanent building at the corner of Piedmont Avenue and Gilmer Street. In 1921, the congregation constructed a synagogue at Washington Street and Woodward Avenue. It joined the Conservative movement in 1952. The final service in the Washington Street building was held in 1958 to make way for construction of the Downtown Connector (the concurrent section of Interstate 75 and Interstate 85 through Atlanta). The synagogue moved to its current location on Peachtree Battle Avenue in 1958. As of 2022, Ahavath Achim is the largest Conservative synagogue in the Atlanta area and its current Senior Rabbi is Laurence Rosenthal.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=1176.0,1351.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlso known as Masorti Judaism, Conservative Judaism is a form of Judaism that seeks to preserve Jewish tradition and ritual, but has a more flexible approach to the interpretation of the law than Orthodox Judaism. It attempts to combine a positive attitude toward modern culture, while preserving a commitment to Jewish observance. In general, Conservative congregations also observe gender equality (mixed seating, women rabbis, and bat mitzvah). The governing body for Conservative Judaism in the United States is the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism (USCJ), formerly known as the United Synagogue of America.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=1176.0,1351.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCantor Isaac Goodfriend (1924-2009) served at Ahavath Achim in Atlanta from 1966 until his retirement in 1995 as Cantor Emeritus. Cantor Goodfriend was born into a Hassidic family in Poland. At the age of 16, he was interned in a German labor camp in Piotrkow, Poland. Escaping in 1944, he was hidden by a Polish farmer and was the only member of his family to survive the war. After the war, he attended the Berlin Conservatory of Music, McGill Conservatory of Music in Montreal, Conservatoire Provincial de Quebec, and later in Ohio at the Music School Settlement and Baldwin Wallace College. Before coming to Atlanta he served as cantor at Shaare Zion in Montreal, Canada in 1952, and later at Cleveland, Ohio’s Community Temple.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=1176.0,1351.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Harry Hyman Epstein (1903-2003) served as rabbi of Ahavath Achim Synagogue in Atlanta, Georgia from 1928 to 1982, when he became rabbi emeritus. Under Rabbi Epstein, the formerly Orthodox congregation began to shift to Conservative Judaism, and officially joined the United Synagogue of America (now the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism), in 1952.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=1176.0,1351.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCarnegie Hall is a concert venue in midtown Manhattan in New York City. Architect William Burnet Tuthill designed the building and it was built by industrialist and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie between 1889 and 1891. It has become one of the most prestigious venues in the world of classical music and popular music. It was owned by the Carnegie family until 1925. In the 1950s it was proposed the building be demolished in advance of the New York Philharmonic relocating to Lincoln Center in 1962. It was preserved and today is designated a National Historic Landmark and protected by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=1361.0,1462.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Temple, or “Hebrew Benevolent Congregation,” is Atlanta’s oldest Jewish congregation. The cornerstone was laid on the Temple on Garnett Street in 1875. The dedication was held in 1877 and the Temple was located there until 1902. The Temple’s next location on Pryor Street was dedicated in 1902. The Temple’s current location in Midtown on Peachtree Street was dedicated in 1931. The main sanctuary is on the National Register of Historic Places. The Reform congregation now totals approximately 1500 families. As of 2022, its Senior Rabbi is Peter S. Berg.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=1462.0,1517.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNathan H. Maziar (1904-1958) was born in Russia, now Ukraine. He later immigrated to the United States with his father, Hyman. His mother and other siblings immigrated in 1920. He owned and operated a grocery store. He was a member of Congregation Shearith Israel, B’nai B’rith, and the Progressive Club. He was married to Ella Fitterman, and they had a son, Harry and daughter, Anita. He was the older brother of Jack Maziar.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=1517.0,1660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarry Maziar (b. 1934) is a prominent Atlanta businessman. He was President of Zep Manufacturing Company, which was a leader in the specialty chemical industry, and was Chairman of the Chemical Division of National Service Industries. He was president and co-chairman of the Board of Governors at the Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta, president of the Jewish Vocational Service (now Jewish Family and Career Services), a board member of the William Breman Jewish Home, Ahavath Achim Synagogue, the Jewish Community Centers of America, and chair of the Southeast Regional Council for Birthright Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=1517.0,1660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Cossacks are a predominately East Slavic Eastern Christian people that originated in the Pontic-Caspian steppe of eastern Ukraine and southern Russia. They historically were semi-nomadic and semi-militarized. The governments of Eastern Europe allowed them to generally self-govern in exchange for their military service.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=1517.0,1660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eToxemia is better known today as pre-eclampsia. It is a potentially dangerous pregnancy complication that is characterized by high blood pressure and protein in the urine, often accompanied by swelling. The issue usually begins after 20 weeks of pregnancy. Today the condition is managed by oral and IV medications until the baby is sufficiently mature to be delivered.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=1663.0,1717.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAnnie Keith (1918-1990) worked as the maid and cook for Jack and Rose Maziar for over 20 years. She played an important role in shaping the social justice views of the Maziar’s son, Howard. Annie later operated the restaurant, Annie Keith’s, that was well-known for its Southern cooking. She was married to Ulysses Keith, and had one son, Henry Drew from her firsts marriage.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=1663.0,1717.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eUntil the Civil Rights Act of 1964 officially ended what were known as “Jim Crow” laws, racial segregation was mandated in practically every aspect of public life in the South beginning in the 1890's. Some examples of Jim Crow laws are the segregation of public schools, places, and public transportation and the segregation of restrooms, restaurants and drinking fountains for whites and blacks. Private businesses, political parties, and unions also created their own Jim Crow arrangements, barring Blacks from buying homes in certain neighborhoods, from shopping or working in certain stores, from working at certain trades, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=1719.0,2025.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWellstar Atlanta Medical Center, formerly known as Georgia Baptist Hospital, is a hospital in Atlanta, Georgia operated by Wellstar Health System. It has 460 beds and over 700 physicians. The hospital is a Level I Trauma Center, and an Advanced Primary Stroke Center. It houses a Neurointensive Care Unit and a Level III Neonatal ICU.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=1719.0,2025.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Beltline is a 22-mile long multi-use corridor on a former railway corridor that encircles the core of Atlanta, Georgia. The Atlanta Beltline is designed to reconnect neighborhoods and communities historically divided and marginalized by infrastructure, improve transportation, add green space, promote redevelopment, create and preserve affordable housing, and showcase arts and culture. The project is in varying stages of development, with several mainline and spur trails complete.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=1719.0,2025.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLeb’s Restaurant was owned by Charlie Lebedin and was at the corner of Forsyth and Luckie Streets, across from the popular Rialto Theater. Lebedin was a well-known segregationist, and Leb’s, like most downtown restaurants in hotels, did not allow Black customers. In the early 1960s, protestors including students from Atlanta College, began to hold repeated pickets and sit-ins, and Leb’s was a frequent target. After a series of civil rights protects that were met with increasing violence, Leb’s and the other downtown restaurants were finally integrated on July 23, 1964. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=2038.0,2295.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Ku Klux Klan (or Knights of the Ku Klux Klan today, also referred to as the KKK) is a white supremacist, white nationalist, anti-immigration, anti-Jewish, anti-Catholic, anti-Black secret society, whose methods have included terrorism and murder. It was founded in the South in the 1860s and then died out and has come back several times, most notably in the 1920s when membership soared again, and then again in the 1960s during the civil rights era. When the Klan was re-founded in 1915 in Georgia, the event was marked by a cross burning on Stone Mountain. In the past its members dressed up in white robes and pointed hoods designed to hide their identity and to terrify. It is still in existence.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=2038.0,2295.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRalph Emerson McGill (1898-1969) was an American journalist, best known as an anti-segregationist editor and publisher of the Atlanta Constitution newspaper. He won a Pulitzer Prize for editorial writing in 1959. He became friends with Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson, acting as a civil rights advisor and behind-the-scenes envoy to several African nations. After his death, Ralph McGill Boulevard in Atlanta (previously Forrest Boulevard) was named for him.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=2038.0,2295.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Journal-Constitution (AJC) is a major daily newspaper in the metropolitan area of Atlanta, Georgia. The newspaper is the result of the merger between The Atlanta Journal and The Atlanta Constitution. Separate publication of the morning Constitution and afternoon Journal ended in 2001. The Constitution, as it was originally known, was first published in 1868. Its name changed to The Atlanta Constitution in 1869. The Atlanta Journal was established in 1883.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=2038.0,2295.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLester Garfield Maddox Sr. (1915-2003) was an American politician who served as the 75th Governor of the U.S. state of Georgia from 1967 to 1971. A populist Democrat, Maddox came to prominence as a staunch segregationist when he refused to serve Black customers in his Atlanta restaurant, the Pickrick, in violation of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. He later served as Lieutenant Governor during the period when Jimmy Carter was Governor.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=2038.0,2295.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJames Earl “Jimmy” Carter Jr. (1924-2024) was the 39th President of the United States from 1977 to 1981. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served as a Georgia State Senator from 1963 to 1967 and as the 76th governor of Georgia from 1971 to 1975. Founder of the Carter Center, he was awarded the 2002 Nobel Peace Prize for work to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development. He is the author of numerous books, including Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid (2006), An Hour Before Daylight (2001) and Our Endangered Values (2005). In October 2024, he turned 100 years old, making him the longest living U.S. President.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=2038.0,2295.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBirmingham is located in the north central part of the southern state of Alabama. It is the county seat of Jefferson county and the most populous city in the state. During the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s, the city received national and international attention. In 1963, local civil right activist Fred Shuttlesworth asked Martin Luther King Jr. and the Southern Christian Conference to come to the city to help end segregation. Their effort was known as Project C (Confrontation) and specifically attacked the Jim Crow systems that existed in the city. The sit-ins and mass marches were organized and lead to 3,000 arrests, but eventually lead to desegregation in the city and helped with the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Dr. King was among those arrested and jailed. During his time in jail, he wrote his famous Letter from Birmingham Jail. Birmingham was also the site of the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing in 1963, which killed four young black girls.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=2038.0,2295.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFreedom Riders were civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated southern United States in 1961 and following years to test the United States Supreme Court decisions Boynton v. Virginia (1960) and Irene Morgan v. Commonwealth of Virginia (1946). The first Freedom Ride left Washington, D.C. on May 4, 1961 and was scheduled to arrive in New Orleans on May 17. At this time, the Jim Crow travel laws were in force throughout the South. The Freedom Riders challenged this status quo by riding various forms of public transportation in the South to challenge local laws or customs that enforced segregation. They often provoked a violent reaction, which the police let happen without interference. In one case in Anniston, Alabama the mob stopped a bus by slashing its tires and then firebombed it. They tried to bar the doors so that the riders would burn to death but ultimately the riders escaped the bus. The mob beat the riders after they escaped and nearly lynched them.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=2309.0,2548.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBrown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) was a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court that declared state laws establishing separate public schools for Black and white students unconstitutional. The ruling paved the way for integration and the civil rights movement.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=2309.0,2548.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Westminster Schools, founded in 1951, is a co-educational, Christian day school for students in kindergarten through grade 12. The school is widely regarded as one of the top private schools in the Atlanta area. Its campus is located in the Buckhead neighborhood.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=2309.0,2548.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Lovett School is a coeducational, private day school in Atlanta, Georgia, founded by Eva Edwards Lovett. The Lovett School was founded in 1926 and in 1957 became affiliated with the Episcopal Diocese of Atlanta. In 1963, after public schools in Atlanta began integrating, the Lovett School denied admission to three African American children: two members of the Episcopal Diocese, and Martin Luther King, III. In response, the Diocese disassociated itself with the school, and in the fall of 1963, Episcopalians from Atlanta and around the country picketed the school. In the fall of 1966, the school announced an admission policy that did not consider race or religion. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=2309.0,2548.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMarist School is an independent private Roman Catholic college preparatory school in Brookhaven, Georgia, north of Atlanta. It was founded in 1901, and is operated independently of the Archdiocese of Atlanta. The school originally was a boys’ military school, but later became a co-educational preparatory school.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=2309.0,2548.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWoodward Academy, formerly Georgia Military Academy, was founded in 1900 as a military boarding school for boys in College Park, Georgia, just south of Atlanta. In 1964, the school became co-educational. The military program was dropped from the curriculum in 1966 and the school’s name was changed to Woodward Academy. The boarding program was discontinued in 1933. Today 2,700 students are enrolled from kindergarten to twelfth grade.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=2309.0,2548.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Darlington School is a co-ed, independent boarding and day school in Rome, Ga., for students in pre-K through high school. The school was founded in 1905 by John Paul and Alice Allgood Cooper. The school was named in honor of Joseph James Darlington, who taught at J. M. Proctor School for Boys in Rome. Initially, the school was only for boys, but in 1973 the school consolidated with Thornwood School for Girls.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=2309.0,2548.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRome, Georgia is located in northeastern Georgia in the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains. It the largest city in and the county seat in Floyd County, Georgia. It was incorporated in 1834 and is named after Rome, Italy.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=2309.0,2548.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBaylor School, often called Baylor, is a private, co-educational college preparatory school in Chattanooga, Tenneessee. The school was founded in 1893 by John Roy Baylor and originally was only all-male. From 1900-1912, it allowed the enrollment of females before it reverted to all-male again. It did not become fully co-ed until 1985.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=2309.0,2548.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eChattanooga is a city in Hamilton County, Tennessee. It is located along the Tennessee River, and borders Georgia to the south. Chattanooga was a crucial city during the American Civil War, due to the multiple railroads that converge there. After the war, the railroads allowed for the city to grow into one of the Southeastern United States' largest heavy industrial hubs. Chattanooga remains a transit hub in the present day, served by multiple Interstate highways and railroad lines. Chattanooga is internationally known for the 1941 hit song \"Chattanooga Choo Choo\" by Glenn Miller and his orchestra. It is home to the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga (UTC) and Chattanooga State Community College.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=2309.0,2548.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMorningside Elementary School is an Atlanta Public School that opened in 1929 in the Morningside neighborhood of Atlanta, Georgia. Morningside feeds into Inman Middle School and Grady High School. It serves the neighborhoods of Morningside, Lenox Park, Sherwood Forest, Piedmont Heights, and Ansley Park.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=2309.0,2548.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBarry Warshaw (b. 1946) is an Atlanta, Georgia native and son of Morris and Harriett Kantor Warshaw. He attended Georgia Military Academy and earned his bachelor’s degree from Cornell University. He graduated from Emory University School of Medicine. He founded Emory/Childrens Health of Atlanta pediatric nephrology, dialysis, and transplant programs. He also served as the medical director of the renal transplant program at Childrens Healthcare of Atlanta for its first 36 years.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=2309.0,2548.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNephrologists are physicians that specialize in the diagnoses, treatment, and management of kidney diseases, and conditions that affect kidney function.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=2309.0,2548.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSeder [Hebrew: order] is a Jewish ritual feast that marks the beginning of the Jewish holiday of Passover. It is conducted on the evening of the fifteenth day of Nisan in the Hebrew calendar throughout the world. Some communities hold seder on both the first two nights of Passover. The seder incorporates prayers, candle lighting, and traditional foods symbolizing the slavery of the Jews and the exodus from Egypt. It is one of the most colorful and joyous occasions in Jewish life.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=2574.0,2587.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShabbat (Hebrew) or Shabbos/Shabbes (Yiddish) is the Jewish Sabbath and is observed on Saturdays. Shabbat observance entails refraining from work activities and engaging in restful activities to honor the day. Shabbat begins at sundown on Friday night and is ushered in by lighting candles and reciting a blessing. It is closed the following evening with the recitation of the havdalah blessing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=2574.0,2587.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRosh HaShanah [Hebrew: head of the year] begins the cycle of High Holy Days. It introduces the Ten Days of Penitence, when Jews examine their souls and take stock of their actions. On the tenth day is Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement. The tradition is that on Rosh HaShanah, G-d sits in judgment on humanity. Then the fate of every living creature is inscribed in the Book of Life or the Book of Death. Prayer and repentance before the sealing of the books on Yom Kippur may revoke these decisions.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=2587.0,2657.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eChallah is special Jewish braided bread eaten on Sabbath and Jewish holidays.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=2670.0,2769.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKashrut is a set of dietary laws dealing with the foods that Jews are permitted to eat and how those foods must be prepared according to Jewish law. Food that may be consumed is deemed kosher, from the Ashkenazi pronunciation of the Hebrew term kashér, meaning \"fit\" (in this context, \"fit for consumption\"). In colloquial English, kosher often means \"legitimate,\" \"acceptable,\" \"permissible,\" \"genuine,\" or \"authentic.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=2670.0,2769.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eUlysses Keith (1917-1991) was a Georgia native. During World War II, he served in the army. He was married to Annie Keith, the long-time housekeeper of Jack and Rose Maziar. Ulysses worked as a cook and operated a restaurant, Annie Keith’s, with his wife.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=2773.0,2827.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta VA Medical Center is located in Decatur, Georgia and is part of the VA Southeast Network. The facility has 405 beds and is a teaching hospital. The VA Medical Center provides care for men and women who are serving or have served in the U.S. military.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=2773.0,2827.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHadassah, the Women’s Zionist Organization of America, is a volunteer service organization founded in 1912 by Henrietta Szold. It currently has over 300,000 members and supporters worldwide. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=3072.0,3142.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJewish Federation of Greater Atlanta is a regional branch of Jewish Federations of North America. It is an organization that focuses on serving the Atlanta Jewish community through philanthropic endeavors such as supporting infrastructure, including schools and synagogues. Federation supports the Jewish community but also welcomes people of various backgrounds, including interfaith, LGBT+, and multiracial people and families.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=3072.0,3142.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eZionism is a movement which supports a Jewish national state in the territory defined as the Land of Israel. Although Zionism existed before the nineteenth century, in the 1890s Theodor Herzl popularized it and gave it a new urgency, as he believed that Jewish life in Europe was threatened and a State of Israel was needed. The State of Israel was established in 1948 and Zionism today is expressed as support for the continued existence of Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=3072.0,3142.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1897, the Zionist Organization of America is the oldest pro-Israel organization in the United States. It is dedicated to educating the public, elected officials, media, and college/high school students about Israel and to promoting strong United States-Israel relations.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=3072.0,3142.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIsrael Bonds/Bonds for Israel is also known as Development Corporation for Israel (DCI). DCI is the United States underwriter of debt securities issued by the State of Israel. In the 1951, the Israeli government began issuing bonds that could be purchased by investors to help the newly formed state of Israel. The American Jewish community was initially some of the biggest investors in the program because they were looking for ways to support Israel’s fledging economy. Over time the program has grown, and numerous private and institutional investors have come to participate in the program. Between 1951 and 2022 the total sale of bonds worldwide has exceeded $48 billion.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=3072.0,3142.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Progressive Club was a Jewish social organization in Atlanta, Georgia. It was established in 1913 by Russian Jews who felt unwelcome at the Standard Club, where German Jews were predominant. At first the club was located in a rented house until a new club was built on Pryor Street including a swimming pool and a gym. In 1940 the club opened a larger facility at 1050 Techwood Drive in Midtown with three swimming pools, tennis, and softball. In 1976 the club moved north to 1160 Moore’s Mill Road near Interstate 75. The property was eventually sold to the YMCA as the club faced financial challenges. The Carl E. Sanders Family YMCA at Buckhead, which stands on the former site of the Progressive Club, opened in 1996.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=3142.0,3147.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Mayfair Club opened in 1938 at 1456 Spring Street in Midtown Atlanta and was a focal point of Jewish life in the city for more than 25 years.  The club was founded in 1930 and first met at the Biltmore Hotel. The club was visited by Eleanor Roosevelt, Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir, mayors Ivan Allen and William Berry Hartsfield, senators Herman Talmadge and Richard Russell, and Governor Carl Sanders.  Fire destroyed the Mayfair Club on December 4, 1964.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=3142.0,3147.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Standard Club is a Jewish social club that started as the “Concordia Association” in 1867 in Downtown Atlanta. In 1905, it was reorganized as the “Standard Club” and moved into the former mansion of William C. Sanders near the site of Center Parc Credit Union Stadium (formerly Turner Field). In the late 1920s the club moved to Ponce de Leon Avenue in Midtown Atlanta. Later, the club moved to what is now the Lenox Park business park and was located there until 1983. In the 1980s, the club moved to its present location in Johns Creek in Atlanta’s northern suburbs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=3157.0,3427.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCongregation Anshi S'fard is an Orthodox synagogue located in Atlanta. It was founded in 1911 to provide a home for Hasidic worship and fellowship for Jews from Poland, Galicia and the Ukraine who had settled in Atlanta. At first the congregation met in the Red Men’s Hall on Central Avenue, but by the end of 1913 a wooden building at the corner of Woodward Avenue and King Street was secured. A few years later the congregation moved to the corner of Woodward and Capitol Avenues. After 1945, the settlement of Jews where Anshi S’fard was located disappeared, and the congregation moved to its present location on North Highland, in the Morningside area. It is the oldest Orthodox congregation in Atlanta, and as of 2022, it is led by Rabbi Nachi Friedman.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=3157.0,3427.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHasidic Judaism [also sometimes called Chasidim (from the Hebrew word \"Chasid\" meaning \"pious”)] is a Jewish mystical movement that was founded in eighteenth century Eastern Europe by Rabbi Israel Baal Shem Tov. It promotes spirituality through the popularization and internalization of Jewish mysticism as the fundamental aspect of the faith. Hasidic Judaism refers to a branch of Orthodox Judaism that maintains a lifestyle separate from the non-Jewish world.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=3157.0,3427.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the written Torah and the oral law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays, and more.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=3157.0,3427.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Piedmont Driving Club is a prestigious private social club located adjacent to Piedmont Park that was founded in 1887. New members have to be vouched for by three current members. The club prohibited Jewish and Black membership for most of its history, although today there are a few Black, Jewish, and other ethnic minority members.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=3157.0,3427.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eReform Judaism is a division within Judaism, especially in North America and the United Kingdom. Historically it began in the 19th century. In general, the Reform movement maintains that Judaism and Jewish traditions should be modernized and compatible with participation in Western culture. While the Torah remains the law, in Reform Judaism women are included (mixed seating, bat mitzvah, and women rabbis), instrumental music is allowed in the services, and most of the service is in the local language as opposed to Hebrew.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=3157.0,3427.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGrant Park is a historic neighborhood of Atlanta that was formed around the greenspace of the same name, the fourth largest park in the city.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=3157.0,3427.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Cloister hotel and resort that is located on Sea Island, Georgia. Sea Island is a private, luxury resort island located in Glynn County, Georgia, part of the Golden Isles. The hotel was originally opened in 1928 by Howard Coffin, the founder of Hudson Motor Company.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=3157.0,3427.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Jewish Community Center was officially founded in 1910, as the Jewish Educational Alliance. In the late 1940's it evolved into the Atlanta Jewish Community Center and moved to Peachtree Street. It stayed there until 1998, when the building was sold and the center moved to the suburb of Dunwoody. In 2000, it was renamed the “Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=3157.0,3427.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eB'nai B'rith International (Hebrew: “Children of the Covenant”) is the oldest Jewish service organization in the world. B'nai B'rith states that it is committed to the security and continuity of the Jewish people and the State of Israel and combating antisemitism and bigotry. Its mission is to unite persons of the Jewish faith and to enhance Jewish identity through strengthening Jewish family life, to provide broad-based services for the benefit of senior citizens, and to facilitate advocacy and action on behalf of Jews throughout the world.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=3157.0,3427.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eB’nai B’rith Youth Organization (BBYO) is a Jewish youth movement for students in grades from 8 through 12. The organization emphasizes its youth leadership model in which teen leaders are elected by their peers on a local, regional and international level and are given the opportunity to make their own programmatic decisions.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=3157.0,3427.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYoung Judaea is a peer-led Zionist youth movement founded in 1909 for Jewish youth in grades 2–12. Its programs include youth clubs, conventions, summer camps and Israel programs that provide experiential programming through which Jewish youth and young adults build meaningful relationships with their peers, emphasize social action, and develop a lifelong commitment to Jewish life, the Jewish people, and Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=3157.0,3427.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSephardic Jews are the Jews of Spain, Portugal, North Africa, and the Middle East, and their descendants. The adjective “Sephardic” and corresponding nouns Sephardi (singular) and Sephardim (plural) are derived from the Hebrew word Sepharad, which refers to Spain. Historically, the vernacular language of Sephardic Jews was Ladino, a Romance language derived from Old Spanish, incorporating elements from the old Romance languages of the Iberian Peninsula, Hebrew, Aramaic, and in the lands receiving those who were exiled, Ottoman Turkish, Arabic, Greek, Bulgarian, and Serbo-Croatian vocabulary.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=3157.0,3427.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Jacob Mortimer \"Jack\" Rothschild (1911-1973) served as rabbi of Atlanta’s oldest Reform congregation, the Temple, from 1946 until his death in 1973 from a heart attack. A native of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, he forged close relationships with the city’s Christian clergy and distinguished himself as a charismatic spokesperson for civil rights.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=3427.0,3439.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Temple on Peachtree Street in Atlanta, Georgia was bombed in the early morning hours of October 12, 1958. About 50 sticks of dynamite were planted near the building and tore a huge hole in the wall. No one was injured in the bombing as it was during the night. Rabbi Jacob Rothschild was an outspoken advocate of civil rights and integration, and friend of Martin Luther King Jr. Five men associated with the National States’ Rights Party, a white separatist group, were tried and acquitted in the bombing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=3427.0,3439.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Royal Peacock, originally known as the Top Hat Club, is a nightclub in Atlanta, Georgia that opened in the late 1930’s. The club is located at 1861 ½ Auburn Ave. The club was renamed the Royal Peacock in 1949 when the building was purchased by former circus performer, Carrie Cunningham. Various well-known African American acts including Cab Calloway, Louis Armstrong, Ray Charles, Little Richard, and Marvin Gaye have played at the club. Today the building houses a Caribbean-style nightclub that features reggae, hip-hop, and dancehall music.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=3473.0,3538.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHerren’s Restaurant was opened in Atlanta in 1934 by prizefighter Charlie “Red” Herren. The restaurant was originally located near Five Points but later moved to 84 Luckie Street. In 1939, he sold the restaurant to Guido Negri, who owned and operated it with his family for the next 40 years. It was the first fine dining establishment in Downtown Atlanta for the general public. On June 25, 1963, it became the first white-owned restaurant in Atlanta to welcome African American customers. Herren’s closed on November 13, 1987.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=3473.0,3538.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMaynard Holbrook Jackson Jr. (1938-2003) was an American politician and attorney from Georgia. A member of the Democratic Party, he was elected in 1973 at the age of 35 as the first Black mayor of Atlanta, Georgia and of any major city in the South. He served three terms (1974–1982, 1990–1994), making him the second longest-serving mayor of Atlanta, after six-term mayor William B. Hartsfield. After his death, the William B. Hartsfield Atlanta International Airport was renamed Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport to honor his service to the expansion of the airport, the city, and its people.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=3540.0,3632.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAtlanta University a historically black college was founded in 1865 in Atlanta Georgia. It was the first graduate institution in the United States to award degrees to African Americans and the first to award bachelor degrees to African Americans in the South. Clark College was founded in 1869 and was the first four-year liberal arts college to serve African American students. The two universities consolidated in 1988 and formed Clark Atlanta University.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=3739.0,3835.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTulane University is a private research university in New Orleans, Louisiana. It was founded as a public medical college in 1834 and became a comprehensive university in 1847. The Institution became private under the endowments of Paul Tulane and Josephine Louise Newcomb in 1884.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=3840.0,3991.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Vietnam War occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from November 1, 1955 to the fall of Saigon on April 30, 1975. This war fought between North Vietnam—supported by the Soviet Union, China and other communist allies—and the government of South Vietnam—supported by the United States and other anti-communist allies.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=4015.0,4081.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNew Orleans, Louisiana sits on the Mississippi River near the Gulf of Mexico. The city is nicknamed the \"Big Easy\" and is known for its live-music scene and cuisine that reflects the French, African and American cultures that influenced the city.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=4015.0,4081.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVietnam anti-war movement occurred from the late 1960’s and early 1970’s. The protests were held in opposition to the U.S. government policies in Vietnam., the increasing escalation of the war, and the increasing number of draft calls. Protests occurred across the country in cities and college campus and included diverse groups including artists, veterans, elected officials, and the middle class. It was one of the most pervasive displays of opposition to government policy in modern times.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=4015.0,4081.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Medical College of Georgia (often referred to as MCG) is the flagship medical school of the University System of Georgia, the state's only public medical school. It was established in 1828 as the Medical Academy of Georgia, MCG is the oldest and founding school of Augusta University and played a role in the establishment of the American Medical Association and the standardization of medical practices. In addition to its main clinical campus in Augusta, clinical training is offered at campuses in Albany, Rome, Savannah/Brunswick, and in Athens at the University of Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=4015.0,4081.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAugusta, Georgia is located on the South Carolina border and sits on the Savannah River across from North Augusta, South Carolina. The city was founded in 1736 and named for Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, the wife of Frederick, Prince of Wales. Today the city is known for hosting The Masters golf tournament every spring at Augusta National Golf Club.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=4015.0,4081.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Berry Plan was a Vietnam War era program in the United States that allowed physicians to defer obligatory military service until they had completed medical school and residency training. The program was named for Dr. Frank B. Berry, who was the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health and Medical Affairs from 1954-1961. More than 42,000 physicians and surgeons were impacted by the plan from 1954-1973, when the plan ended.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=4084.0,4195.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe High Museum of Art in Atlanta is the leading art museum in the Southeastern United States. Located on Peachtree Street in Midtown, the High is a division of the Woodruff Arts Center. It was founded in 1905 as the Atlanta Art Association and renamed after the High family donated their house as an exhibit space in 1926. In 1983, a new 135,000-square-foot building designed by Richard Meier opened to house the Museum. In 2002, three new buildings designed by Renzo Piano more than doubled the Museum's size.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=4084.0,4195.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe 16th Street Baptist Church bombing occurred at the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama on September 15, 1963. It was carried out by four members of the Ku Klux Klan when they planned 19 sticks of dynamite with a timing device beneath the steps located on the east side of the church. The bombing killed four young girls and injured between 14 and 22 other people. Martin Luther King Jr. called the attack “one of the most vicious and tragic crimes ever perpetrated against humanity.” Although the FBI knew the four KKK members responsible for the bombings, no prosecutions were conducted until 1977. Three of the four men was eventually convicted of the crime and the fourth individual died in 1994 and was never charged.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=4084.0,4195.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Maryland is a public land-grant research university located in College Park, Maryland. It was founded in 1856 and is now the flagship university in the University of Maryland system.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=4203.0,4267.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBaltimore is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Maryland, as well as the 30th most populous city in the United States, with an estimated population of 593,490 in 2019. Founded in 1729, Baltimore has a long history as an important seaport.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=4203.0,4267.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRMS Queen Elizabeth was an ocean liner operated by Cunard Line. Along with the Queen Mary, she provided a weekly luxury liner service between Southampton in the United Kingdom and New York City in the United States, via Cherbourg in France. The ship was named in honor of Queen Elizabeth, the wife of King George VI. She entered service in March 1940 as a troopship in the Second World War and did not make her first commercial voyage as an ocean liner until October 1946.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=4203.0,4267.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBoston, Massachusetts is the capital and largest city in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The city was founded in 1630 by Puritan settlers. During the American Revolution, the city was the location of various key events including the Boston Tea Party, the Boston Massacre, and the siege of Boston.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=4273.0,4355.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Scholarships for Disadvantaged Students or SDS is a program that promotes diversity among health professions by providing awards to eligible health professions school to use for awarding scholarships to students from disadvantage backgrounds with financial needs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=4358.0,4411.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePatty Reistman Maziar (b. 1946) was born in Michigan and is the youngest daughter of Maurice and Ruth Reistman. She graduated from Mumford High School. She attended the University of Michigan and earned her master’s degree from Boston University. Patty has been active in various causes including Shalom Bayit and the Breman Museum. In 1971, she married Howard Maziar, and they had two children, Michelle and Michael.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=4414.0,4453.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAtlanta’s Office of International and Immigrant Affairs, also known as “Welcoming Atlanta,” is a program with the mission of developing and fostering relationships between Atlanta’s international communities, city departments, and external partners to assist Atlanta’s foreign-born community to access information, identify economic opportunities, and address local and global challenges. During 2024, Welcoming Atlanta helped over 10,000 households and almost 50,000 individuals in Atlanta. The organization provides various services such as interpretation services, youth programming, and developing international business connections.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=4468.0,4623.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKasim Reed (b. 1969) is lawyer and politician that served as the 59th mayor of Atlanta from 2010-2018. He is a Democrat that was also a member of the Georgia House of Representatives from 1998-2002 and a Georgia State Senator, representing the 35th District, from 2003-2009.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=4468.0,4623.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePirkei Avot is a Hebrew term that literally translates to “Chapters of the Fathers,” but is generally translated as “Ethics of Our Fathers.” It is a section of the Mishnah that details the Torah's views on ethics and interpersonal relationships.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=4468.0,4623.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA modern American-based Jewish movement based on the ideas of Mordecai Kaplan (1881-1983). The movement views Judaism as a progressively evolving civilization. The movement developed from the late 1920s to the 1940s and it established a rabbinical college in 1968. Halakhah, the collective body of Jewish laws, customs and traditions, is not considered binding but is treated as a valuable cultural remnant that should be upheld unless there is reasons to the contrary. It aims toward communal decision-making through a process of education and distillation of views from traditional Jewish sources.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=4642.0,4805.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCongregation Bet Haverim is a Reconstructionist congregation founded in 1985 by gay and lesbian Jews that felt unwelcome in Atlanta’s other synagogues. As of 2023 it is the only Reconstructionist congregation in the state of Georgia, and its senior rabbi is Mike Rothbaum.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=4642.0,4805.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCongregation Or Hadash is a Conservative congregation in Sandy Springs, Georgia. It was founded by Argentinian rabbis Mario Karpuj and Analia Bortz in 2003. As of 2022, the current leader of the congregation is Rabbi Lauren Henderson.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=4642.0,4805.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAnalia Bortz (b. 1967) and her husband Mario Karpuj are the founding rabbis of Congregation Or Hadash in Sandy Springs, Georgia. Analia was born in Buenos Aires, Brazil and became the first female Latin American rabbi. She is also a medical doctor with postdoctoral studies in bioethics. Prior to starting Or Hadash, she and her husband worked at Ahavath Achim synagogue in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=4642.0,4805.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Georgia Psychiatric Physicians Association is the statewide organization that represents Georgia’s psychiatrists and their patients. It is a district branch of the American Psychiatric Association.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=5003.0,5113.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Psychiatric Association was founded in 1844. It is the main professional organization of psychiatrists and trainee psychiatrists in the United States. It is also the largest psychiatric organization in the world.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=5003.0,5113.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Medical Association was founded in 1847 and is headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. It is the American professional association and lobbying group of physicians and medical students.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=5003.0,5113.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWashington, D.C. is the United States capital. The city sits on the Potomac River and borders Maryland and Virginia. The city is home to the three branches of the federal government including  the Capitol, the White House, and the Supreme Court. It is also home to various well-known museums and performing arts venues such as the Kennedy Center.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=5003.0,5113.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Republican Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties of the United States. It was founded in 1854 by anti-slavery activists who opposed the potential expansion of slavery into the western territories of the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=5003.0,5113.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHoward Maziar Fund for Innovation in Leadership was created in 2021 by his family to honor him and his years of service to the psychiatric profession. It is a dedicated fund within the Georgia Psychiatric Physicians Association (GPPA) Foundation. The fund was created to support and encourage the next generation of GPPA’s leaders. It identifies Georgia’s up and coming leaders in the field and provide opportunities to invest in the future psychiatrists of Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=5113.0,5123.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eObstetrics and gynecology is the branch of the medical care that focuses on pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period (obstetrics), and the female reproductive systems (gynecology).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=5123.0,5263.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMorehouse College is a private historically black men’s liberal arts college in Atlanta, Georgia. The college was established in 1867, two years after the Civil War ended. Originally named Augusta Institute, it was founded to educate black men in theology. In 1879, the institute moved to Atlanta and changed its name to the Atlanta Baptist Seminary. In 1913, it was renamed Morehouse College after Henry L. Morehouse, corresponding secretary of the American Baptist Home Mission Society. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=5123.0,5263.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Fashion Institute of Technology is a public college under the State University of New York in New York City. The school was founded in 1944 and focuses on art, business design, mass communication, and technology connected to the fashion industry.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=5268.0,5546.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLaAmistad was established in Atlanta in 2001 by Bill Maness. It started as a neighborhood program for children to have a safe place to improve their academics and develop strong character. In 2006, it became a non-profit with the mission of providing educational opportunities and life-enrichment services to children and their families. It has grown into a holistic program that includes afterschool tutoring, parent education, English for Successful Living classes, and summer enrichment programs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=5268.0,5546.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarvard University is a private Ivy League university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It was found in 1636 and was named for its first benefactor, a Puritan clergyman John Harvard. It is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=5268.0,5546.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDreamers are undocumented immigrants who have come to the United States as children. They grew up and have lived in the United States for most of their lives. Many Dreamers have attended school and obtained postsecondary degrees, work, and contribute to the economy. Many also have started families with their spouse, who are often a U.S. citizen. Currently, no pathway exists for them to become U.S. citizens.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=5268.0,5546.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorge Soros (b. 1930) is a Hungarian-American investor, philanthropist, and business magnate. He was born in Budapest, Hungary and fled communist Hungary in 1947. He eventually immigrated to the United States. Soros is the chairman of Soros Fund Management. He is known as “The Man Who Broke the Bank of England” because of his short sale of US $10 billion worth of pounds sterling, which made him $1 billion, during 1992 Black Wednesday UK currency crisis. Soros is also known for his support of progressive and liberal political causes.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=5268.0,5546.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Colorado is a system of public universities in Colorado. It consists of four institutions: the University of Colorado Boulder, the University of Colorado: Colorado Springs, the University of Colorado Denver, and the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus. It is governed by the elected, nine-member board of regents.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=5548.0,5569.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688/annotation_set/1888/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSilicon Vally Bank is the commercial bank division of First Citizens BancShares. It was previously the primary subsidiary of SVB Financial group. As a regional bank in the San Francisco Bay Area, the bank offered services specifically designed to meet the needs of the tech industry and soon became the largest bank by deposits in Silicon Valley. In March 2023, after the central bank endorsed interest rate hikes during the 2021-2023 inflation spike, there was a run on the bank’s deposits and the bank collapsed. It was taken over by the California Department of Financial Protection and Innovation and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) became the bank’s receiver. The FDIC established a bridge bank to quickly assumed the ongoing business.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/147551/file/271688#t=5571.0,5669.0"}]}]}]}