{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/vx05x26q9h/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Wolfson, Ilya"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2006-5-25 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Wolfson, Ilya (b. 1962) (Interviewee)","Berman, Sandra (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Elliott and Judith Cohen Oral History Project"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eIlya Wolfson was interviewed by Sandra Berman on May 25, 2006 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eIlya Wolfson was born in Tula, Russia (then part of the Soviet Union) in September 1962. His parents, Yosef and Marina Wolfson, were both teachers. Ilya attended medical school in Moscow. He worked as a neurologist in Russia before Ilya and his second wife emigrated. Ilya applied for and received political asylum, eventually acquiring American citizenship in the early 2000s. After becoming relicensed as a doctor in the United States, Ilya worked as a family doctor. According to Ilya’s current practice website (as of 2022), he still works as a doctor in family medicine in the Atlanta metropolitan area.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eIn his interview, Ilya discusses his family history, his parents’ experiences with antisemitism in the Soviet Union, and growing up in a Jewish family in Russia. He shares his own experiences with antisemitism in Russia and describes his years as a student. He talks about going to medical school in Moscow and his travels to other communist countries as a young medical professional. Ilya goes on to share the reason he and his wife decided to immigrate to the United States. He explains the process of becoming relicensed as a doctor in the United States and describes his medical practice in Georgia. Finally, Ilya reflects on receiving American citizenship and his and his family’s new life in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28987"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Bulgakov, Mikhail (1891-1940) (personal name)","Sharansky, Natan (b. 1948) (personal name)","Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr (1918-2008) (personal name)","Wolfson, Ilya (b. 1962) (personal name)","Zykina, Lyudmila (1929-2009) (personal name)","Arterial Vascular Engineering, Inc., (AVE) (corporate name)","Jewish Family and Career Services (JF\u0026amp;CS) (corporate name)","Medtronic (medical company) (corporate name)","United States Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) (corporate name)","United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) (corporate name)","American South (geographic term)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","Cartersville, Georgia (geographic term)","China (geographic term)","Moscow, Russia (geographic term)","Michigan (geographic term)","Soviet Union (geographic term)","Tula, Russia (geographic term)","Antisemitism (topical term)","Bar Mitzvah (topical term)","Business Practices (Soviet Union/Russia) (topical term)","Education (Soviet Union) (topical term)","Citizenship (topical term)","Family Medicine (topical term)","Immigration (topical term)","Israeli-Palestinian Conflict (topical term)","Learning English (topical term)","Medical Practice (Georgia) (topical term)","Medical Profession (topical term)","Medical Residency (topical term)","Medical School (Soviet Union/Russia) (topical term)","Political Asylum (topical term)","Passover (topical term)","Refusenik Movement (topical term)","Religious Practices (topical term)","Russian Language (topical term)","Seder (topical term)","School (Soviet Union) (topical term)","Siege of Leningrad (topical term)","Synagogue Attendance (topical term)","Teachers (Soviet Union) (topical term)","Travel (topical term)","Women in the Workforce (Soviet Union) (topical term)","World War II (topical term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eIlya Wolfson was interviewed by Sandra Berman on May 25, 2006 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIlya Wolfson was born in Tula, Russia (then part of the Soviet Union) in September 1962. His parents, Yosef and Marina Wolfson, were both teachers. Ilya attended medical school in Moscow. He worked as a neurologist in Russia before Ilya and his second wife emigrated. Ilya applied for and received political asylum, eventually acquiring American citizenship in the early 2000s. After becoming relicensed as a doctor in the United States, Ilya worked as a family doctor. According to Ilya\u0026rsquo;s current practice website (as of 2022), he still works as a doctor in family medicine in the Atlanta metropolitan area.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn his interview, Ilya discusses his family history, his parents\u0026rsquo; experiences with antisemitism in the Soviet Union, and growing up in a Jewish family in Russia. He shares his own experiences with antisemitism in Russia and describes his years as a student. He talks about going to medical school in Moscow and his travels to other communist countries as a young medical professional. Ilya goes on to share the reason he and his wife decided to immigrate to the United States. He explains the process of becoming relicensed as a doctor in the United States and describes his medical practice in Georgia. Finally, Ilya reflects on receiving American citizenship and his and his family\u0026rsquo;s new life in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/171/142/small/Wolfson_Ilya.mp4_1669740694.jpg?1669740695","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Wolfson_Ilya.mp4"]},"duration":3642.541,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/171/142/small/Wolfson_Ilya.mp4_1669740694.jpg?1669740695","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/171/142/original/Wolfson_Ilya.mp4?1669740682","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":3642.541,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Wolfson, Ilya [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Today is May 25th, 2006. I am here with Ilya Wolfson, who has\nagreed--graciously agreed--to be interviewed for the Elliott and Judith Cohen\nOral History Collection, held within the Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History\nProject of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum. Thank you very much for\nagreeing to be here today. I'd like you to begin by just telling me a little bit\nabout your background. Where you were born and your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"parents' names. We can start there.\n\nWOLFSON: I was born 1962, September, in Tula. T-U-L-A. It's a city of 500,000\npeople, 150 miles south from Moscow. An industrial city with a lot of military\nplants. I mean, probably the most concentrated military plants in the whole\nSoviet ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Union. My parents, teachers. Father taught physics and Mom taught, in\ndifferent times, history and literature, scientific atheism. She taught . . . my\ngrandma was accountant, and most of the other relatives died in war.\n\nBERMAN: And the family name in Russia? Wolfson?\n\nWOLFSON: Wolfson. Wolfson is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"spelled . . . it's the same exact meaning, like a\nson of wolf. It's spelled different. Starts with a V because it has probably\nJewish German roots, starts with V.\n\nBERMAN: And your parents' names?\n\nWOLFSON: Marina Wolfson and Yosef Wolfson.\n\nBERMAN: Where did your mother teach? That's really interesting.\n\nWOLFSON: In college, like a technical college for . . . it wasn't a technical .\n. . Father was at a technical college, Mom was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":". . . Well, after finishing this\ncollege, you can teach first and second and third grade. No, sorry. She can\nteach kindergarten. It's a different system in Russia. They don't have like a\nkindergarten by itself. It's like a preschool college for teachers.\n\nBERMAN: You mentioned that a lot of your family perished during World War II.\nWas that from fighting or from being captured?\n\nWOLFSON: Oh, no, not captured, I think. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some people died. My grandfather, he\ndied in November 1941. Somewhere, we don't even know where. Somewhere defending\nLeningrad--Saint Petersburg.\n\nBERMAN: So, most of the family was in the Russian army that perished.\n\nWOLFSON: I don't even know. I know about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my granddad.\n\nBERMAN: Speak a little bit about your early life, what it was like growing up in\nRussia as a young boy.\n\nWOLFSON: It was fun. A very happy childhood. What exactly? I mean, what do you\nmean . . . what are you interested . . . ?\n\nBERMAN: Some of your day to day activities, school.\n\nWOLFSON: Oh, school much more vigorous than here. You probably heard that a lot.\nI went to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just school and seven years of formal musical school, so I could go .\n. . it's a different building. You have several subjects there. It's seven\nyears. When I was six, seven or eight years old, I was doing kind of\nprofessional chess, I can say. So I was in the school where one of their world\nchampions, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Karpov, was like a pupil of the same school.\n\nBERMAN: That's amazing. But was it difficult being a Jewish child in that school?\n\nWOLFSON: Well, no, in chess school there, pretty much all the Jewish were there.\nIn all other schools, yes. I've heard several times some bad things. But I was\nshielded by my parents, I think. In other words, until very late in life, I\ndidn't feel any ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"antisemitism whatsoever.\n\nBERMAN: What about your parents? Did they associate mainly with other Jewish\nfamilies or . . . ?\n\nWOLFSON: There were very few Jewish families in this particular city, but they\nwere, all our friends were most mostly Jewish. Pretty much.\n\nBERMAN: Did you celebrate holidays?\n\nWOLFSON: No. There was no synagogue in town. It used to be, but in 1930's, I\nheard it was demolished. But my grandma, on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Passover, she would go somewhere. We\ndidn't know where. Well, I didn't know where. And she would get some matzah. And\nthat's the only thing from kind of Jewish life I knew.\n\nBERMAN: Did you actually have a seder?\n\nWOLFSON: No, no, no, no, no. No concept of seder. I didn't know until I got here.\n\nBERMAN: So, if the life was, as you described it, you had a happy childhood,\nyour parents were content, they had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"good jobs, when did the family--or was it\nthe family--first thought about emigrating?\n\nWOLFSON: Oh, they didn't think about emigrating. I did. I got political asylum\nhere. They kind of got used to this, I would say. I don't think they had good\njobs. I think they could go much higher and higher. There was no way for them to\nadvance administratively.\n\nBERMAN: Because they were Jews?\n\nWOLFSON: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because they're Jews. For example, I always knew that as a Jew, I have\nto excel in school. So I don't just have to have, like, A, I have to have A+ to\nget anywhere. There was some instances of antisemitism directly against me. But\nit was part of life. It was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"given.\n\nBERMAN: So, you were used to it?\n\nWOLFSON: I got used to it. I knew that, for example, in order for me to get into\nmedical school, I have to be absolutely . . . excel in everything. So I had\ntutors and everything, even though I was a straight-A student all the time. But\nin order to get to medical school, it wasn't good enough.\n\nBERMAN: This whole story is so intriguing about political asylum. What happened?\n\nWOLFSON: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What happened? I wanted to come to the United States and I was here in\n1993 as a tourist, actually.\n\nBERMAN: That's unusual, isn't it?\n\nWOLFSON: No, why?\n\nBERMAN: I thought that it was difficult to go to . . . Oh, I guess it was after\nthe fall . . .\n\nWOLFSON: 1993. Before 1987, 1988, I think, for me, there was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"absolutely no way\nto go anywhere, pretty much. I remember in 1988 or 1987 I went to China, just to\nsee. The airfare was cheap, like 100 rubles. It was difficult to get tickets,\nbut it was easy to afford. I was a physician there. I had the connection. I\ndidn't have much money, but I had a lot of connections. We got the ticket. We\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"went. I actually went to China three times. It would be the, another country I\nwould immigrate if not the United States. I love China. On the plane, we had,\nagain, first class tickets because the difference between first class and\neconomy was like 10 rubles. The thing is, you have to get. But I was working in\npremier institution in Moscow and I had connection. We got to China. In this\nfirst class seating, there was very famous, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very famous singer. Her name was\nZykina. Any Russian who will listen ever, they know who I'm talking about. She\nlook at us all with noses and looking at the Jewish people with such disgust.\nShe was with her daughter, and I was sitting directly behind her, and she said\nsomething to her like, \"Those bastards, everywhere now.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I used to smoke, didn't\nsmoke much. But all that flight of almost 13, 12 hours, I was trying to smoke\nand put some smoke towards her seat. That was my . . . That was in 1997. It's\ntrue story.\n\nBERMAN: What year was that?\n\nWOLFSON: 1997 . . . 1987, 1988 or so. So we start traveling because before that\nI went to Bulgaria, the first country I went was Bulgaria. It was wow. It's\nBulgaria, you know, people speak ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"different language.\n\nBERMAN: But at the time in the 1980's, you could still only go to communist\ncountries, correct?\n\nWOLFSON: Well, that's the trick. You're absolutely right. In order to go to\nanywhere, you have to have passport, right? If you have red passport, meaning\njust travel passport, you have to get visa. If you have connection to get. It's\ncalled . . . like, people who go on assignment. In Russian, it's called ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"delovoy\npassport. It was blue. Then you can go to former socialist or socialist\ncountries without visa. That's why China. I went to Germany right after they got\nunited, because they still would let you . . . as a democratic, social, republic\nof Germany would accept those blue passports. All you need to do is buy ticket.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then you go. That's why we went. I regret I didn't go to Cuba at all. I could\nhave gone to Cuba too. But now I couldn't. Now I couldn't, and I missed that.\n\nBERMAN: That's very interesting. You went to China a few times, you traveled,\nand then communism . . .\n\nWOLFSON: Collapsed.\n\nBERMAN: Collapsed, and you were able to travel more and you came to the United States.\n\nWOLFSON: Yes. I got married. I had a business. I was a doctor, but I also had a\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"business, pretty successful business, quite legal. Doing what? I was doing a\nlot. I was selling on the agricultural stock exchange. I was selling wheat.\nWe're talking about a lot. Like rail cars. 10, 12, 15. I was selling ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"shoes. It's\nlike wholesale. It was big company and we were doing very well financially. When\nyou have kids. And . . .\n\nBERMAN: Did you say you have kids?\n\nWOLFSON: I was married twice. I had one kid, but then we got divorced. Then I\nmarried again and my wife now, she's here with me. But we were doing well, and\nwe were traveling too. We went to the United States as a tourist, just to watch.\nWe landed in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Miami.\n\nBERMAN: This was in 1993?\n\nWOLFSON: 1993. Landed in Miami, bought the car for cash. I was told that in the\nUnited States you have to have insurance. So I bought for like $600, insurance\nfor a month, you know? I made somebody's day, I guess, at dealership. We travel\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from Miami to New York. My wife, she had a lot of family here, remote relatives\nwho came to this country in 1903 or 5 or something like that. I mean, nobody\nspeaks Russian, they're all Americans. There's, all together, like probably 300\npeople all over the world. So that's a separate story, actually. But so we met\nthem, we had some time with them. Then, we went to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta because some of her\nfamily live here in Atlanta, too. We met with them.\n\nBERMAN: What's your wife's name?\n\nWOLFSON: Wolfson.\n\nBERMAN: Maiden name?\n\nWOLFSON: Paleyev. So, the people who hear, Paley. P-A-L-E-Y. Then, we went to\nNew York. So, it all together took maybe week or so, maybe ten days, kind of\ntraveling everywhere. In New York, I had my classmates. I didn't think about\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"emmigrating. He was a resident in GYN residency--my best friend in New York. I\nlook how poorly they live and how they cannot afford anything. He had a salary\nprobably around $37 to $40,000. And in New York, and compared to what we saw in\nRussia those days, it was absolutely . . . I couldn't understand why he moved\nhere. He was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"working close to 105, 110 hours a week. And it was very sorry\nsight. So we went back. And we live life. But then, we decided to have family,\nhave kids. It's like something triggered in my brain because I didn't want for\nmy son--son or daughter--for my child to have that life. So all of a sudden, we\njust decided, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no, we're going to go to the United States. And we didn't even\nhave time to . . . I mean, we left everything there. We came here as a tourist\nand just stayed and applied for political asylum. I was able to demonstrate the\ncase that . . . I had hour and half interview with immigration. It was as from\nbad KGB movies. It was very rough. It was so rough ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the officer had to\napologize to my interpreter. To her. Because he was so bad.\n\nBERMAN: What were they asking you?\n\nWOLFSON: They were asking . . . they got my case and they go . . . and I know\nthat stuff because I also watch those KGB movies and I understand what they're\ncoming from and what they want to do. Some of my friends were in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KGB. KGB wasn't\nthat much evil organization. Some of my friends who were programmers,\nscientists, it was that branch, you know? He was asking like, \"Oh, that's what\nhappened? That's it? Nothing else? They didn't hit you? They didn't . . . \"\n\"No.\" \"Okay.\" And that's it. He tried to make an impression that all I wrote ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was\nkind of \"And that's it? You're wasting my time.\" His goal was that I will start\nembellish something. His goal was that I would say something which is not on\nrecord. But I didn't say. Well, yes. Sure. They embarrassed me, they humiliated\nme, but, you know, didn't hit me with anything, sorry. So, I was granted, you\nknow, very fast in the time, compared to all other people I heard who were\nwaiting for years and years. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We were, in year and a half, we already had all\npapers done. Even less than a year and a half. Really quick.\n\nBERMAN: So they were looking for you to . . . ?\n\nWOLFSON: They wanted to find some discrepancy. They want me to . . . let's say,\nI say, \"Well, you know, my car was vandalized. Or they wrote something on the. .\n. like 'Jew' on my entrance in the apartment.\" \"And that's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it?\" \"Yeah, that's\nit.\" He wanted to create atmosphere that I would start to think that, \"Oh, it's\nnot enough. Well, let me tell this. Let me say this. Let me say this.\" And doing\nthis, I would get in trouble because later he would say, \"Well, wait a second,\nyou had all time, you were all that much off your case.\" It was trick. But it\nwas kind of . . .\n\nBERMAN: So you were granted political asylum?\n\nWOLFSON: Yes, I granted political asylum, yes. The guy was awful. He ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"looked\nlike, it's called New Russian. He had a golden chain that thick. Last time I saw\nthat chain was in the criminal group in Russia called [indistinct: 17.45,\nRussian language]. He had a Rolex, you know, the guy was, well . . .\n\nBERMAN: Who was doing the interview?\n\nWOLFSON: INS officer. In San Francisco. Yes, it was very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"interesting. It was\nhour and half interview. They wouldn't talk to my wife. She was waiting. I went\nwith my interpreter, who was helping me. She was . . . he had to apologize to\nher because he was so rude.\n\nBERMAN: I want to get back to deciding to emigrate and when the light bulb\nclicked, you had a child. But you said your life in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russia was okay, was good.\nSo what was it that you didn't want for your child?\n\nWOLFSON: Oh, to be Jewish and be punished for that. In other words, being Jewish\nin Russia even now--not even now, I mean, it may be more so now with Putin--is\nvery much being outcast. Okay. I don't want him to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know this stuff. My son went\nto Russia last summer and he called me and he went to . . . he likes museums and\nhe went to theater and everything. I don't want him to have \"Russian\"\nrelationship between people. He doesn't know what envy is. He has no concept.\nBut in Russia, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everything is fueled by this. That's the main source of any\nadvancement, any career moves, any career thoughts. I didn't want him to have\nhis life like that. I want him to have Jewish core, be open to everything, and\nnot being punished for that.\n\nBERMAN: You came here in a different way than a lot of the people that were\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"immigrating. So you didn't go through because you were a tourist and then you\ngot . . .\n\nWOLFSON: I was actually on, I think, business visa because I had some contacts\nwith our American counterparts.\n\nBERMAN: Did you go through any of the resettlement process with JF\u0026CS? Jewish\nFamily and Career Services?\n\nWOLFSON: No, no. They helped me later when I had my family, my parents, my\nbrother with his ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family, to come here. They went through all of this because\nthey had relatives here. They were refugees. They went like 90%, probably,\npeople around here came.\n\nBERMAN: So you were in San Francisco doing this interview. How did you end up in Atlanta?\n\nWOLFSON: Oh, it's because when I finished residency I wanted to work in the\nsmall city. I mean, I'm family practice doctor. I need to work in a small . . .\nthe less town, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the more I can do. If I work in downtown Atlanta, I will be\nseeing only sinus infections and sore throats. For everything else, people\nexpect to [indistinct: 21.11], you know, the specialist. That's exactly same\nthing like in New York. But in Marietta and go north, you have . . . it's a\ntraditional family practice kind of environment. I wanted to be on the small\ntown, but my wife wanted to be in the big city. So Atlanta ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was very, very\nconvenient. So I drive--I work in Cartersville--so I drive 25 miles north and\nstill we have all kind of privileges to be in the big city. That's why Atlanta.\n\nBERMAN: Did you have to take all of your medical licensing and all of your . . .\nWhat did you have to do to become a doctor again?\n\nWOLFSON: What I had to do . . . I had to take this course that were USMLE.\nUnited States Medical ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Licensing Examination. USMLE exams, Step One, Step Two.\nAnd then after Step Two, you are allowed to go to residency. In somewhere in\nresidence, you have to take Step Three, before you get license.\n\nBERMAN: Where did you do your residency?\n\nWOLFSON: In Michigan. We lived in California. I spent almost five years there. I\npassed all the exams really fast. In year and a half, I already had all done.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I couldn't find residency for almost three years.\n\nBERMAN: Why was that?\n\nWOLFSON: Why? I don't know why. I had like 10 interviews at some point. I didn't\neven go in all of this. I was traveling all over the country and didn't get\naccepted anywhere. It's a match program. It's . . . you go and interview . . . I\ndon't know how much you're familiar with that system?\n\nBERMAN: I am fairly familiar with it.\n\nWOLFSON: Yes. It's a match. Didn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"match with anybody. In one, I wanted to . . .\nmy first choice was a neurology residency--and I used to be neurologist in\nRussia--neurology residency in Cleveland. I had some kind of, strike some\ncontact with the program director. What a nice guy. I liked it there. It's Case\nWestern Reserve University. It was very nice environment there. I liked it, and\nI saw they liked me too. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I didn't match. I was very surprised. He told me--I\ntalked to him on the phone--he said, \"Well, you know what? It's the first year\nAmericans went to residency. We have to take Americans. They take six positions\nand we always,\" he says, \"put Americans first, but they never match anyway\nbecause they don't want to go here.\" It was time when Americans didn't go to\nneurology. And seventh was my name, but it was the first year when the market\nchanged and Americans went to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"neurology. He said, \"Sorry.\" Okay, fine. I kind of\ngot used to this, being Russian. But that's true. I mean, even in residency\nwhere I was, they wanted to take Americans. It's not discrimination. It just is,\nit's easier to deal with. Americans generally take orders better than Russians.\nSo from program director standpoint, you take American, it has ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"less hassle. I\nmean, hardly to blame.\n\nBERMAN: So you did your residency in Michigan . . .\n\nWOLFSON: In Michigan, yes.\n\nBERMAN: And then moved to Atlanta after that?\n\nWOLFSON: Mm-hmm. I couldn't afford house in California where my parents had.\n\nBERMAN: What did your wife do?\n\nWOLFSON: She used to, she finished . . . I don't know how to pronounce. I mean,\nPlekhanovskiy Institute in Russia. She has degree in economics, but ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"she had one\nchild. When we got here, my son was born here, so she went here, she was seven\nmonths pregnant. A child, first child was born here and then she went to work\nfor Medtronic. It was AVE but the company was bought by Medtronic. And when I\nhad to move to Michigan, she had to move with me. And then we had another\ndaughter and the daughter is now five years old. And now we have her ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"parents. We\nmoved them from California to Atlanta just several months ago.\n\nBERMAN: Oh, that's very nice.\n\nWOLFSON: Right. She is now thinking to go back to job, to work, which I oppose\nfor the record.\n\nBERMAN: So you defected. It must have been a big surprise to your parents back\nin Russia. How did they feel about all of that?\n\nWOLFSON: Oh, no. I told them. There's no such thing as secret with my parents,\nor any parents in Russia I think. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No, they knew.\n\nBERMAN: How did they feel about it?\n\nWOLFSON: They got excited. I got support all of a sudden. It sounded like . . .\nI was actually surprised by their reaction because it sounded like, well, that's\nwhat we always wanted to do, which I didn't have guts or something. Just didn't\nhappen. The thing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is, when people grew up in Moscow, my generation, they all\nwere much exposed to Jewish culture, to cousins, to people who moved to Israel\nor United States. They had some kind of connection. You would have some\nliterature. You would have something. I didn't get exposed to this until I got\nto medical school in Moscow. I mean, nothing. I didn't know ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who Solzhenitsyn was\nuntil I got to medical school. I didn't know who Bulgakov was with Master and\nMargarita and all that. I didn't know all of that. So I was 17 years old when I\ngot in medical school. And, I didn't smoke. I didn't drink alcohol. Never, ever.\nOkay. I didn't have any girlfriends. I was studying. When I got to Moscow,\nnobody was studying. Everybody was having fun. That was quite a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"shock. So,\nmedical school had profound influence on me. In all ways.\n\nBERMAN: Did you speak English in Russia?\n\nWOLFSON: No, but I can read.\n\nBERMAN: You could read English?\n\nWOLFSON: Yes, I had to read because I did . . . I did research when I was in\nmedical school. In order to get any career, you have to do something ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"extra. I\nhad to translate from three languages. Oh, no, it's . . . you ask question, I\nhave to go whole thing. How are you going to get . . . in Russia--in United\nStates there's a Ph.D., right? In Russia, there is two degrees of this. There is\ncalled kandidat and there is doctor. The way it was done in very corrupted\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"atmosphere, when in medical school I was in, if you want to be Ph.D. in Russian\nsense, first you have to do dissertation for your superior. That's how it works.\nIf I am doing, if I want to be Ph.D., then I have to do some ground work for my\nsuperior first. Okay? In extreme cases, people were writing dissertation for\ntheir superiors just to get in. Okay? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, I have to translate for my mentor, he\nwas doing his . . . I mean, Ph.D. in American sense, like for doctor. So, I had\nto translate. It was very difficult because it was very narrow subject--brain\nmalformation on kids. After sitting for a week with a dictionary, you will see\nthat in all articles--Western articles--they use pretty much same language, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"same\nterms, and all that. So, it wasn't that difficult. But of course I bragged\neverywhere, but it wasn't that difficult. But people who didn't know how\ndifficult it was thought it was, wow, we need to take that guy.\n\nBERMAN: Was it difficult to learn English, to speak English . . . ?\n\nWOLFSON: Here? Difficult. Difficult.\n\nBERMAN: You speak beautifully, so . . .\n\nWOLFSON: Well, thank you. I don't think so, never did. But I learned . . . in\nmedical profession, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's important what you say, not how you say it. I kind of\nlearned to . . . the people, kind of my patients, they listen what I'm telling\nthem. So, most dangerous thing when you learn languages is to be shy, or to\nthink they don't understand. And Americans very polite and they will never\ncorrect you, which is bad. I wish my friends--some of them did. They say, \"Well,\nit's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wrong pronunciation. That's wrong use of that word.\" I'm grateful for that immensely.\n\nBERMAN: It must have been quite a culture shock to finally set up medical\npractice in Cartersville. I've been to Cartersville. How is that with your\npatients? I mean, here you are, a Russian Jewish doctor and I'm sure you're\ndealing with mostly middle-class Christian patients.\n\nWOLFSON: Oh, yes. Well, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you know what, they do know that I'm Jewish, but they do\nknow first that I'm Russian. There were some patients who would come to the\noffice, \"Look, oh, there's the Russian guy there. Oh, look. Oh, okay.\" I\nnever--I've been here already 12 years, in the United States--I never, ever had\nanything but very nice welcome from Americans ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when they know I'm Russian, not\nJewish, Russian. It comes first for some reason. Not even once. Not with my\npatients. Never had any problem. In residency, sometimes you have some\nindividuals, very, very rough. I had . . . once I refused to see the patient and\nmade big deal out of it because it had to . . . it was in residency. He was all\nin swastika, some Nazi. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I actually was taught in Russia and here, in any\nmedical school that, ethically, you have to go and do your job. You know what?\nFor some reason, again, like you said, bulb, you know, a light bulb happened. I\nsaid, \"No.\" I am very peaceful person. But I went to my program director, said,\n\"Absolutely not. Stop it. You know, I'm not going to see him.\" Without any\nexplanation. I mean, they knew, but I said, \"Well, I'm not going see ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him. I have\nproblem.\" I don't know.\n\nBERMAN: So, except for that one aberrant instance, it's been a good experience.\nDescribe the difference of this kind of life and the life you left in Russia.\nHow do you feel about the differences of being in America now? What does it mean\nto . . .\n\nWOLFSON: The major difference? Well, the major ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"difference. I have that question\nasked by my friends or classmates in Russia. I just found my classmates. This is\n25 years since I finished high school. They ask me that question. The major\ndifference between United States and Russia, that life here is fair. Profoundly.\nOkay? I know about American Dream. I understand that Bush went to college to\nYale only because his father was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"president. There's not any question, nobody is\ngoing to convince me otherwise. But you don't have to be the son of Bush to get\nto Yale either. The major thing about Russia, and it's been through the whole\nhistory of Russia--recent, modern, and all history--the life there profoundly\nunfair in all aspects. You don't have to be Jewish to feel that. If you're\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish, you feel that people are unfair to you because you're Jewish. But if\nyou're Ukrainian, they will feel that they treated unfairly by Russians, now, if\nyou're Russian, they feel that they treated unfairly by people from Caucasus\nMountains, who came . . . There's always . . . there's no track for you to live\nfair life and succeed. That's one of the reasons why I came here. I kind of felt\nthat. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I got, my business I said it was successful, I got . . . it got successful\nto the point where I had to deal with quite criminal elements. I never been\n[indistinct: 34.45, possibly \"racketed\"] or anything. I never had any . . .\nnobody ever came to me and said, \"Well, you need to pay money.\" No, it never\nhappened. But I got to that point when you have to buy the major, you know, in\norder to stay in business, you have to . . . I had to buy, for example, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"major\nproperty, three store department store in the center of Moscow. You go that\nroute, you have to . . . you go on a different level. You have to deal with very\ncriminal elements. And I didn't want to. And I couldn't do less either. That was\none of the problems too. That's why . . . another thing is why, I . . . there's\nno way to live a decent, honest life in Russia and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"succeed. That's a major,\nmajor difference.\n\nBERMAN: What about the Jewish aspect? How has that changed for you?\n\nWOLFSON: Jewish? Well, we don't . . . when we got to California, we were very\nclose, related, I mean, we went to synagogue very frequently. We were part of a\ncommunity there. It was conservative. There was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Orthodox synagogue, I believe,\nwhich I don't even know where. I've never been there. There was a\nconservative--which I thought was liberal--and then was a reformed synagogue,\nwhich I didn't know about that existed until a couple years later. It was kind\nof too liberal for me. So we stayed. I was very surprised to find out that that\nsynagogue we went was considered to be conservative. The thing is, I've always\nbeen influenced by people and not by kind of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"any other [indistinct: 36.31,\npossibly \"events\" or \"areas\"]. There was a very nice rabbi. He was from New\nYork. He stayed there many years. But he, after a while, he moved. When he\nmoved, we kind of stop, stop participating much. But that rabbi had a tremendous\ninfluence on my son, which I was very happy about. He went to Jewish school\nthere. When he started learning English, his first kind of exposure was in that\nschool. We did it on purpose because I want him to be exposed to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that. I am kind\nof helpless already, but I want him to be exposed. That was one of the reasons\nwhy we're here. Again, I keep asking the same question.\n\nBERMAN: No, it's wonderful. So, here, do you belong to a synagogue in Atlanta?\n\nWOLFSON: No, we don't. We have . . . I know anybody who does. I have a lot\nof--all my friends Jewish--not only Jewish, or from Israel. There's a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"few\nmathematics and physics professors in Georgia Tech, and they--either Jewish or\nthey would like to be thought of like they're Jewish. We celebrate all major\nJewish holidays. We do seders and we do Hanukkah absolutely. But we pretty much\nlimit everything to, you know. But all our friends, very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much feel like we're\nJewish, but we don't go to synagogue. I found synagogues--I haven't been in\nAtlanta, but I tried to talk to different people. It's too commercial for my\ntaste. It's kind of you go somewhere, all they ask is, you go there a couple\ntimes, they ask for money right away. I've been through this in Russia. It's\nkind of, I don't have, I don't know . . . I didn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"get on the right foot with\nthem, I guess.\n\nBERMAN: Is your son going to be bar mitzvahed or has he been?\n\nWOLFSON: We haven't decided yet. My wife, interestingly enough, wants it. I'm\nnot sure. He's very immature. He's very good student. He's very bright guy. But\nhe is, he came to me very late in life. And I'm afraid that he's also, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he\ndoesn't process what he's doing, other than mathematical formulas and stuff like\nthis. I know how much influence--my problem with religion in general and it goes\nabout Christians in Cartersville--I thought that religion is very personal\nthing. If you ask me if I believe, yes, I do believe. But I never--it's the\nfirst time ever I discuss this--I never discuss any religion ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"things anywhere.\nIt's very, very personal thing, for me. I have respect for Christians I work\nwith. I do respect all my patients. They're nice people. I see sometimes they\ncover with religious talk, they cover very unkindly deeds and stuff. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't\nlike it.\n\nBERMAN: Where are your parents? Are they still out in California?\n\nWOLFSON: They're in California, Santa Rosa.\n\nBERMAN: Are they going to stay there or move?\n\nWOLFSON: Well. It's long hassle. They want to stay, yes, they want to stay\nthere. They are on Social Security pension. When you're in California, you get\nvision, you get ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"twice as much money than you get here. Okay? It's a Democratic\nstate. They have my brother, family there. Two kids. Two grandkids for them.\nThey do care and find their biggest joy of their life taking care of them.\nUnless my brother comes here, they will not move. But they thinking about this,\nthey put the house on the market, my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"brother, and they think maybe they will\nmove here. It's [indistinct: 41.04] right now. But my in-laws, they came.\n\nBERMAN: Are you a citizen?\n\nWOLFSON: Oh, yes.\n\nBERMAN: When did that happen?\n\nWOLFSON: 2003 . . . or 2.\n\nBERMAN: Describe that day, that experience for you. Was it moving?\n\nWOLFSON: No.\n\nBERMAN: No? Describe why.\n\nWOLFSON: It wasn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"moving at all. It was . . . Well, I always said that\nbureaucracy in the United States is much worse than Russia and Soviet Union at\nthe worst times. Because in Russia, you can circumvent democracy, give some\nbribe, done deal. Here it's impossible. You don't know who to give. Pretty much.\nFirst of all, it's a humiliation when you even get into the INS building in\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta. Well, absolutely, it's disgusting what they do. And it's very formal\nand everybody understands it's formal. And there's no, I mean, no. I had very\nnice officer though. Once again, I mean, the system is bad, but people,\nindividual people, nice. And all my life is, you know, I had very nice people in\nevery turn of my wait. Had very nice ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"officer, never seen her before, she talked\nto me, asked some questions. I was, of course, ready for those, exam--you have\nto do formal exam. Then she asked me to participate in some pilot program. I\nmean, they were trying to change the questioner, and she said, \"Can I ask you,\nlike, question? What do you think? Is it difficult question?\" So, we had very\nnice talk, just nice person. I didn't expect that. So, it wasn't moving. It was routine.\n\nBERMAN: Do you miss Russia?\n\nWOLFSON: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No. I don't. I miss certain food, there, I really do. There is no way,\nno matter how much money you have, no way there is, you can get some what I miss\nhere of that quality or kind. It's one subject, one object on me. But I don't\nmiss. My wife, she was crying for four years. She wanted to go--I mean,\nliterally, she was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"depressed for a good four years because it was unclear, I\npassed exams, but I still couldn't find residency. Everybody who was in my\nposition were much younger than I am, so I never doubt that I'm going to get it.\nBut probably she had some doubts and it was difficult for her. And now, she's\nokay, but she's still . . . she's very sentimental. She wants to go to Moscow\nand go to the boulevards, which is . . . you know, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"she sees boulevards. I see\nthe dirt, empty beer bottles, cigarette butts. That's what I see. So it's\ndifferent. I don't want to go there.\n\nBERMAN: Have you gotten used to Southern cooking and the Southern way of life?\n\nWOLFSON: No, no, I don't. No, I don't. No, no, no, no. We have our drug reps\nbringing us food. It's a medical profession. It's a business too. So drug reps\ntrying to convince doctors to write certain ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"drugs. And it can be good drug,\nwhich I write anyway, or can be bad drug or drug I don't know about, but it's\ntheir job. They're trying to kind of peddle some drugs and they bring stuff.\nThey think, if I'm in Cartersville, sometime they bring a very Southern style of\nstuff. So I'm working very hard on changing their taste too. So no, I don't like\nSouthern food. It's unhealthy. Yes, that's it.\n\nBERMAN: It's very unhealthy.\n\nWOLFSON: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, it's tasty, yes. But you have to . . . I mean, not in my\nposition. I cannot afford that.\n\nBERMAN: I am thinking that maybe we've just about completed this. If I could go\nback just a little bit, there were a couple of things that maybe I did miss. You\nsaid you had . . . until you got to college, you really didn't know about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the\nwhole movement of Jews to leave the Soviet Union. Have you heard of Sharansky?\nHave you . . .\n\nWOLFSON: Yes, I heard.\n\nBERMAN: And of the Refusenik movement? Have you heard of that?\n\nWOLFSON: I've heard. When I was in Moscow or when I was . . . ?\n\nBERMAN: When you were in Moscow?\n\nWOLFSON: When I was Moscow, yes, I got exposed to this. All my closest friends\nemigrated. I was still there. But you see, they were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"doctors. They couldn't even\nsurvive economically in Russia. They didn't . . . a friend of mine who was\nin--who was [indistinct: 46.08]--a friend of mine, he was in medical school and\nsecond year, he wanted to go to, he wanted to immigrate. And I didn't. I didn't\nwant to.\n\nBERMAN: Why?\n\nWOLFSON: Because I was okay, I got used to this, the whole thing, and I was\nfine. I made a career. I was the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"youngest . . . like a chairman of department in\nRussia. There's a medical, it's called medical, medical . . . meditsinskaya\ngazeta--medical newspaper. They even had a small piece about me because I was 23\nyears old. I was already working in primary institution. So I was fine. The\nother thing that, to get there, I had to change my name. I didn't tell you that.\n\nBERMAN: No, you didn't. Can you tell us this?\n\nWOLFSON: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes. Yes. I got married when I was 19 or 18. I had a pressure from my\nwife [indistinct: 47.14, possibly starts with \"family\"] to change the name. Her\nname is Bushev. B-U-S-H-E-V. Russian sound name. And she wasn't, she wasn't\nJewish. And it was kind of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"strange. I always thought that I should and I would\nget married with a Jewish woman. But somehow didn't happen. And when they had\nthe pressure, okay, I talked to my parents. To my surprise, they say, \"Oh, yes,\ngood idea.\" They compromise. It's a whole culture of compromise. They had to\nsurvive. I was quite upset about that. But, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you know, okay, and I changed. Well,\nI changed the name, but I didn't change passport. So, in my class of 300\nsomething people, there were a lot of Jews. But I was only the one who had Jew\nin the passport. Oh, yeah. All my friends, they were Jews, but they, all\nRussians, Ukrainian, Russians. But I was the only one. And I changed the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"name.\nIt did help, but how come? I mean, it didn't fool anybody. But it allowed my\nmentor, allowed my superior to advance me. It's a game. I work under, it was\nacademician, Dr. [indistinct: 48.45, name of doctor], neurol-- . . .\n\nBERMAN: Can you repeat that?\n\nWOLFSON: [indistinct: 48.49, repeats doctor's name]. He's Armenian. He's a very\nbig shot. He was an academician, kind of . . . well, the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"best comparison would\nbe Don Corleone, of course, very smart, very ruthless. And he lectures, you\nknow, people would come from different class or different schools to hear his\nlectures. Very bright person. He was taking their grandchildren of Politburo and\nhe was very influential. So that's how I end up working on the first, like, a\npublic hospital CT scan in Soviet Union. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He promoted me. But if I was Wolfson, I\nwould doubt it. No, not doubt it, I mean, there's no way. He told me about this.\nSo, I changed the name. And when I got here, I change it back. By court order in\nMichigan. Took 15 minutes and $110. The judge I saw here, she was, very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much\nwanted to ask why I changed name in the first place. But then she did that,\nsaid, \"okay, done deal.\" And then she asked.\n\nBERMAN: It's a great story.\n\nWOLFSON: I don't know. I didn't think of it as a big deal. But I did, like, I\nalways had some kind of warm, you know, inside me that it was wrong thing to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do.\n\nBERMAN: Has Jewish Family and Career Services been helpful in acclimating your\nwife's family and your . . .\n\nWOLFSON: A lot. Absolutely.\n\nBERMAN: What have they've been doing?\n\nWOLFSON: Just knowledge, even, for me, just knowledge that they exist, it helps.\nIn San Francisco, it helped. I had a son in Moscow. I tried to move, to bring\nhim here, too. I went to them, talked to their lawyers, talked ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the people\nthere, and they helped me a lot.\n\nBERMAN: This is a child with your first wife?\n\nWOLFSON: Right. I have a child with my . . . well, he's no child. He's 23. He's\nno child, he's married now. I still try to bring him here. That's a different\nstory, too. I was able to get him on my papers too. He was part of my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"case and .\n. . he was granted. I know exact term, was it same political asylum or refugee\nstatus, but he was granted. I mean, there was no way anybody in the embassy in\nMoscow would turn him away or something. I, of course, in order to do this, I\nhad to talk to my former wife. She was agreeable with this. But the night of . .\n. before the day he was going to go to embassy to get actual ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"papers, she came,\npushed him, and wouldn't let him go. He was 16 years old. And he didn't get\npolitical asylum and he didn't go. And now, I am citizen. I again trying to\nbring him and he's not very much happy going here.\n\nBERMAN: He does not want to go?\n\nWOLFSON: It's tough to say. I mean, he is not--he is computer programmer. He has\na, probably, good job there. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He's been here several times, couple times. He, you\nknow, you have to . . . how do I say? You have to have . . . you have to see\nbeyond the things like where hamburgers taste here.\n\nBERMAN: The tangible things.\n\nWOLFSON: Right. And he doesn't. Many of my friends, my classmates, they don't\nunderstand what I'm doing here. I still driving same car. I don't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have, on my\nproperty, I don't have a house for my security detail. But my friends, my\ngeneration in Moscow, in Russia, I mean, they're doing very well. One of my\nclassmates, he is a vice president of the second largest oil company in Russia.\n\nBERMAN: Is he Jewish?\n\nWOLFSON: He is Jewish. Well, he's here. He is vice president from here. He's in\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Boston. Yes. Another guy has three--Russian--three jeweler stores on the main\nstreet in Moscow. Used to be a cardiologist. Another guy has his own airport,\ncargo airport. They're doing well. But you cannot do well being doctor there. I\nwanted to be doctor too. And I want my son not to know all of this. That's my\ngoal. I want him to be a naive, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gullible, you know, fine and nice. That's fine.\nHe called me when he was in Moscow last month--I mean, last summer--he said, \"I\nwent to zoo.\" Well, first of all, there was no, in the toilet, there was no\npaper. All right. He was told that might happen. But he also called me, said,\n\"Well, you know what, there was a bottle from the beer and two cigarette butts\nin the toilet stall.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was . . . That's fine. That's good.\n\nBERMAN: Who was he visiting?\n\nWOLFSON: I want him to be exposed to Russia too. So he went with my in-laws,\nstayed in Moscow on the [indistinct: 54.46, Russian word] Prospekt--it's a main\nstreet there--just to see what, how things, I want him to be exposed little bit.\nMy wife, she has very close friends. She's the exact same age. And they have\nkids, exact same age ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"too, different three months. Well, so, they eleven. That\nguy already knows some curse words and my son doesn't. And I want him to get\nexposed to that too little bit. You have to get, you have to have whole\nunderstanding what's going on. I want him to be exposed to not just the words or\ndescription of events, but feel it real. Like violence, for example. People here\ntalk to me about violence. I say, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Well, how many times you saw people were\nbeaten to death with just kicks?\" Say, \"Nobody.\" I did see it couple of times,\ngrowing up. I was traveling from . . . to Moscow on rail, and it was a drunken\nbrawl or something. And they just--four or five guys--they just beat the hell\nout of the guy. He died. With a whole full car ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"watching. That's violence. So I\nwant him--not to that extreme. I know how much, I convey that, but I want him to\n. . . if we're talking about dark black bread, I want him to taste it.\n\nBERMAN: Do you feel that your children are American children?\n\nWOLFSON: Hope not. What is American ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children?\n\nBERMAN: Just that, are they acculturated into the popular culture of America?\n\nWOLFSON: There is no culture in America. I mean, what is American? You have your\ndefinition. You probably have your own definition. People in Cartersville\nabsolutely, definitely have their own definition. What does it show they're\nAmerican children? I see, I feel all this . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you belong to the whole\ncivilization. I will feel sorry for Palestinians. I'm sorry. I do. I feel sorry\nfor them. They don't have a . . . I feel sorry. I sometimes differ with my\nJewish friends from Israel. I mean, I really differ. I respect what they say and\nI actually listen to what they say because they know better. But from what I\nknow, from those bits and pieces we have here, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I feel sorry. The point is, you\nshould somehow to . . . they could make a peace. That's my feeling. I am\nteaching that my son, I expect him to have problem because of that. But I want\nhim to accept that he is going to get problem, trouble, for that view. I want\nhim to know that it's okay to get in trouble for your views. That's what I'm\ntrying to do.\n\nBERMAN: That's very admirable. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in the home, do you speak mostly . . . ?\n\nWOLFSON: Russian. On purpose. My daughter, she's very sociable girl. Kind of too\nmuch. She's five and she uses more and more and more and more English. I know\nnone of them are going to have any trouble with English at all. The problem with\nall those kids, from families like mine, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they have trouble with Russian. If you\nhave trouble with Russian, they will not communicate very well with the\ngrandparents. I think, for them, the most important thing is communicate to\ngrandparents, because that's something going to leave behind. Something they\nwill never, ever, will touch again. I'm specifically trying to limit English\nlanguage for my daughter now, because I want her to know to communicate with her\ngrandparents ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as much as we could.\n\nBERMAN: Is there anything we have left unsaid or anything that you would like to\nsay before we conclude this interview? Something that we have not touched upon?\n\nWOLFSON: I don't know. I was very happy to be in this country. I mean really\nhappy. Not because I have bigger house or something. But just to be here and be\nopen to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all of this. You didn't ask me why I'm doing this interview.\n\nBERMAN: Why are you doing this interview?\n\nWOLFSON: Because, as I said, Russian rarely volunteer for anything. Well,\nRussian I know. Because I want, my son or my grandkids or something, sometimes,\ncome here and get five bucks, pay for the visit for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that museum and see what I\nsay about them. And another thing is . . . the major thing I ever made or will\never make for my family, it was moving them here. So that's what I want, I want\nto . . .\n\nBERMAN: Maybe that's my better question . . is about you. How do you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/transcript/40755/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"feel being\nan American?\n\nWOLFSON: Great. A lot of work to do though, but great.\n\nBERMAN: Thank you.\n\nWOLFSON: You're welcome.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=3630.0,3660.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/annotation_set/933","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/annotation_set/933/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIlya Wolfson is a medical doctor, currently living in Georgia, United States, and a Russian Jewish immigrant. He was born in 1962 in Tula, Russia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/annotation_set/933/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Elliott and Judith Cohen Oral History Collection consists of interviews with Russian Jewish immigrants, preserving their stories of growing up in Russia/the Soviet Union and their experiences rebuilding their lives in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/annotation_set/933/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Esther and Herbert Taylor Family Foundation supports The Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection at the Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History at the Breman Museum in Atlanta, which consists of a thousand oral histories that document Jewish life in Georgia and Alabama. The Foundation was founded in 1983 and is administered by the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/annotation_set/933/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum in Atlanta celebrates and commemorates Jewish history, culture, and art through events and museum spaces. The Breman also contains the Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History, which houses thousands of manuscripts, oral histories, and photograph collections, related to Southern Jewish history and the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/annotation_set/933/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTula [Russian: Тула] is a city in Russia, known throughout its history for military arms manufacturing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/annotation_set/933/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II (abbreviated WWII or WW2) was a global war involving fighting in most of the world. Most countries fought in the years 1939–1945 but some started fighting in 1937. Most of the world's countries, including all the great powers, fought as part of two military alliances: the Allies and the Axis Powers. World War II was the largest and deadliest conflict in all of history. It involved more countries, cost more money, involved more people, and killed more people than any other war in history. Between 50 to 85 million people died. The majority were civilians. It included massacres, the deliberate genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, starvation, disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons against civilians in history.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/annotation_set/933/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Siege of Leningrad (1941-1944) was an attempt by the Nazis to capture the Russian city. After nearly 900 days, Soviet forces ended the violent and deadly blockade. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the city of Leningrad was once again known by its historical name, Saint Petersburg.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/annotation_set/933/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAntisemitism is prejudice against, hostility to, or hatred of Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/annotation_set/933/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePassover [Hebrew: \u003cem\u003ePesach\u003c/em\u003e] is the celebration of Israel’s liberation from Egyptian bondage. The holiday lasts for eight days. Unleavened bread, \u003cem\u003ematzo\u003c/em\u003e, is eaten in memory of the unleavened bread prepared by the Israelites during their hasty flight from Egypt, when they had not time to wait for the dough to rise.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/annotation_set/933/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMatzo\u003c/em\u003e, or \u003cem\u003ematzah\u003c/em\u003e, is an unleavened flatbread that is part of Jewish cuisine and forms an integral element of the Passover festival.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/annotation_set/933/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSeder\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew for “order”] is a Jewish ritual feast that marks the beginning of the Jewish holiday of Passover. It is conducted on the evening of the fifteenth day of \u003cem\u003eNisan\u003c/em\u003e in the Hebrew calendar throughout the world. Some communities hold \u003cem\u003eseder\u003c/em\u003e on both the first two nights of Passover. The \u003cem\u003eseder\u003c/em\u003e incorporates prayers, candle lighting, and traditional foods symbolizing the slavery of the Jews and the exodus from Egypt. It is one of the most colorful and joyous occasions in Jewish life.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/annotation_set/933/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe communist government that came to power in the 1917 Russian Revolution followed an unofficial policy of state atheism. Officially, it did not outlaw religion in the Soviet Union. However, religion was seen as a threat to the socialist state and, especially after Joseph Stalin came to power, it began making efforts to eliminate religious institutions. Atheism was propagated in schools, religious institutions had their property confiscated, and believers were harassed. During the Great Purge of the 1930s, religious leaders were among the hundreds of thousands of people jailed and executed as political enemies. While the Russian Revolution had replaced the centuries-old official antisemitism of the Tzars, deeply ingrained antisemitic attitudes made Jews suspects of potential opposition. Communist ideology asked Jews to assimilate and not to identify as anything but loyal to the state.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/annotation_set/933/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union and the United States and their respective allies, the Eastern Bloc and the Western Bloc, after World War II. Historians do not fully agree on the dates, but the period is generally considered to span the 1947 Truman Doctrine to the 1991 dissolution of the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/annotation_set/933/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe communist People’s Republic of China was established in 1949.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/annotation_set/933/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLyudmila Zykina [Russian: Людмила Георгиевна Зыкина] was a Russian singer, known for her folk song interpretations. She lived from 1929-2009.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/annotation_set/933/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBulgaria was a Soviet satellite state during the Cold War. Several countries in Eastern Europe—including Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and East Germany—operated as Soviet satellite states. These countries were not officially part of the USSR, but looked to and aligned themselves with the Soviet Union politically and militarily.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/annotation_set/933/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDelovoy\u003c/em\u003e [Russian: деловой] is a Russian word that means ‘business.’\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/annotation_set/933/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEast Germany [German: Deutsche Demokratische Republik] and West Germany [German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland] were reunited in 1990.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/annotation_set/933/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCuba became a communist country with close ties to the Soviet Union when Fidel Castro rose to power after the 1959 conclusion of the Cuban Revolution.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/annotation_set/933/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKGB [Russian: Комитет государственной безопасности (КГБ)—In English: Committee for State Security] was the Soviet Union’s principal security organization from its establishment in 1954 to its dissolution in 1991.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/annotation_set/933/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNew Russian [Russian: новые русские] is a stereotype of a certain group of newly wealthy Russians. The New Russians are portrayed as having illegally made their fortunes after the collapse of the Soviet Union, while also being uneducated.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/annotation_set/933/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe United States Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) was the former immigration agency of the U.S. government. In 2003, INS was replaced by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, and U.S. Customs and Border Protection.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/annotation_set/933/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJewish Family and Career Services (JF\u0026amp;CS Atlanta) is a group of professionals and volunteers offering programs, and resources for individuals and families of all faiths, cultures and ages. Services include counseling, tools for employment, and support for people with developmental disabilities. JF\u0026amp;CS is a member organization of the Association of Jewish Family \u0026amp; Children's Agencies (AJFCA). JF\u0026amp;CS is a result of the merging of two separate organizations, both of which started as committees of the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta. The first, Jewish Family Services was founded around 1890. The agency became an autonomous organization in 1982. In 1979, Jewish Vocational Services was started. It became independent in 1985. The two agencies merged in 1997 to become JF\u0026amp;CS.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/annotation_set/933/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCartersville, GA is a city in the Atlanta metropolitan area.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/annotation_set/933/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) is the official medical licensing program for those with MD degrees in the United States. It involves passing three examination steps.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/annotation_set/933/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Plekhanov Russian University of Economics [Russian: Российский экономический университет имени Г. В. Плеханова] is a university in Moscow. It has undergone several name changes over the years.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/annotation_set/933/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMedtronic is a medical company that focuses on healthcare devices.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/annotation_set/933/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eArterial Vascular Engineering, Inc., (AVE) was a medical company. Medtronic agreed to a deal to acquire the company in 1998.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/annotation_set/933/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn [Russian: Александр Исаевич Солженицын] (1918-2008) was a Russian writer and critic of the Soviet Union. In 1970, he received the Nobel Prize in Literature.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/annotation_set/933/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov [Russian: Михаил Афанасьевич Булгаков] (1891-1940) was a Soviet medical doctor, playwright, and author. \u003cem\u003eThe Master and Margarita\u003c/em\u003e, a novel, is perhaps his best known work.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/annotation_set/933/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKandidat [Russian: кандидат]\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/annotation_set/933/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the written Torah and the oral law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays, and more.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/annotation_set/933/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlso known as Masorti Judaism, Conservative Judaism is a form of Judaism that seeks to preserve Jewish tradition and ritual, but has a more flexible approach to the interpretation of the law than Orthodox Judaism. It attempts to combine a positive attitude toward modern culture, while preserving a commitment to Jewish observance. In general, Conservative congregations also observe gender equality (mixed seating, women rabbis, and bat mitzvah). The governing body for Conservative Judaism in the United States is the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism (USCJ), formerly known as the United Synagogue of America.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/annotation_set/933/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech) is a university in Atlanta, GA.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/annotation_set/933/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHanukkah\u003c/em\u003e or \u003cem\u003eChanukah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew for “dedication”] is an eight-day festival of lights usually falling around Christmas on the Christian calendar. \u003cem\u003eHanukkah\u003c/em\u003e celebrates the victory of the Maccabees in 165 BCE over the Seleucid rulers of Palestine, who had desecrated the Temple. The Maccabees wanted to re-dedicate the Temple altar to Jewish worship by rekindling the \u003cem\u003emenorah\u003c/em\u003e (ritual candelabra) but could only find one small jar of ritually pure olive oil. This oil continued to burn miraculously for eight days, enabling them to prepare new oil. The \u003cem\u003eHanukkah\u003c/em\u003e \u003cem\u003emenorah\u003c/em\u003e, or \u003cem\u003ehanukiah\u003c/em\u003e, with its nine branches, is used to commemorate this miracle by lighting eight candles, one for each day, with the ninth candle.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/annotation_set/933/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA bar mitzvah [Hebrew for “son of commandments\"; plural: b’nai mitzvah] is a rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day. At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes. He is now duty-bound to keep the commandments, he puts on tefillin, and may be counted to the minyan quorum for public worship. He celebrates the bar mitzvah by being called up to the reading of the Torah in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/annotation_set/933/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNatan Sharansky (1948-) is a well-known Israeli politician. A Soviet dissident, he was born in modern day Donetsk, Ukraine.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/annotation_set/933/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e“Refusenik” [Russian: отказник] is a term used to describe Soviet Jews, who were refused permission to leave the Soviet Union and immigrate elsewhere.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/annotation_set/933/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRussian: медицинская газета\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/annotation_set/933/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Politburo [Russian: Политбюро] was the name for the highest governing body in the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/annotation_set/933/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eProspekt [Russian: проспект] is Russian for “avenue.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=3270.0,3300.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/index/51935","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Wolfson, Ilya [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/index/51935/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ilya's Family History and Parents' Careers","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=24.0,184.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/index/51935/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd like you to begin by just telling me a little bit about your background. Where you were born and your parents' names. We can start there.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=24.0,184.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/index/51935/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Education (Soviet Union)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Siege of Leningrad","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Soviet Union","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Teachers (Soviet Union)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tula, Russia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Women in the Workforce (Soviet Union)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=24.0,184.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/index/51935/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Childhood: School, Jewish Traditions, and Antisemitism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=184.0,411.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/index/51935/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Speak a little bit about your early life, what it was like growing up in Russia as a young boy.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=184.0,411.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/index/51935/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Antisemitism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Passover","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"School (Soviet Union)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Seder","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=184.0,411.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/index/51935/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Life in Soviet Union, Experiences in Other Countries, Immigration to United States","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=411.0,1099.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/index/51935/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: This whole story is so intriguing about political asylum. What happened?\n\nWOLFSON: What happened? I wanted to come to the United States and I was here in '93 as a tourist, actually.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=411.0,1099.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/index/51935/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"China","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Immigration","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Political Asylum","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Travel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"United States Immigration and Naturalization Service","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Zykina, Lyudmila","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=411.0,1099.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/index/51935/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Reasons for Immigration, Medical Relicensing and Residency in the United States","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=1099.0,1547.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/index/51935/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I want to get back to deciding to emigrate and when the light bulb clicked, you had a child. But you said your life in Russia was okay, was good. So what was it that you didn't want for your child?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=1099.0,1547.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/index/51935/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Arterial Vascular Engineering, Inc., (AVE)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cartersville, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family Medicine","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Immigration","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Medical Residency","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Medtronic (medical company)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Michigan","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=1099.0,1547.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/index/51935/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Telling His Parents about Emigrating, Medical School in Moscow, Learning and Speaking English","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=1547.0,1838.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/index/51935/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It must have been a big surprise to your parents back in Russia. How did they feel about all of that?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=1547.0,1838.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/index/51935/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bulgakov, Mikhail","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Learning English","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Medical School (Soviet Union/Russia)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=1547.0,1838.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/index/51935/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Medical Practice in Cartersville, Georgia, Experience with Antisemitism in Residency, Differences between US and Russia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=1838.0,2134.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/index/51935/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It must have been quite a culture shock to finally set up medical practice in Cartersville [Georgia]. I've been to Cartersville. How is that with your patients? I mean, here you are, a Russian Jewish doctor and I'm sure you're dealing with mostly middle-class Christian patients.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=1838.0,2134.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/index/51935/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Antisemitism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Business Practices (Soviet Union/Russia)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cartersville, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Medical Practice (Georgia)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=1838.0,2134.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/index/51935/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Religious Practices in the United States, Family Living in the United States","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=2134.0,2469.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/index/51935/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What about the Jewish aspect? How has that changed for you?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=2134.0,2469.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/index/51935/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bar Mitzvah","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Religious Practices","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Synagogue Attendance","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=2134.0,2469.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/index/51935/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"American Citizenship, Southern Culture","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=2469.0,2709.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/index/51935/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Are you a citizen?\n\nWOLFSON: Oh, yes.\n\nBERMAN: When did that happen?\n\nWOLFSON: 2003 . . . or 2.\n\nBERMAN: Describe that day, that experience for you. Was it moving?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=2469.0,2709.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/index/51935/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"American South","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Citizenship","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=2469.0,2709.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/index/51935/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Medical Career in Russia, Changing Last Name, Children's Experiences of Russia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=2709.0,3380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/index/51935/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I am thinking that maybe we've just about completed this. If I could go back just a little bit, there were a couple of things that maybe I did miss. You said you had . . . until you got to college, you really didn't know about the whole movement of Jews to leave the Soviet Union. Have you heard of Sharansky? Have you . . .","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=2709.0,3380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/index/51935/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Antisemitism (Soviet Union/Russia)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Family and Career Services","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Medical Profession (Soviet Union/Russia)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=2709.0,3380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/index/51935/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Problems of Defining an American Culture, The Importance of Speaking Russian at Home, Final Reflections","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=3380.0,3642.541"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/index/51935/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Do you feel that your children are American children?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=3380.0,3642.541"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142/index/51935/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Immigration","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Israeli-Palestinian Conflict","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russian Language","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82815/file/171142#t=3380.0,3642.541"}]}]}]}