{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/vd6nz82f23/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Podber, Abe (2010)"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2010-05-27 (created)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Abe Podber (Interviewee)","John Kent (Interviewer)","Ruth Einstein (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAbe Podber is interviewed by John Kent and Ruth Einstein in Atlanta, Georgia on May 27, 2010.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eAbe describes how he narrowly escaped being shot by the Germans. He explains what life in the ghetto was like. Abe recounts the liquidation of the ghetto and his escape to the woods. Abe remembers Stutthof and Dachau. He recounts working for a German on a railroad. Abe recollects a camp experience. He discusses liberation. He talks about life in Germany after the war. Abe introduces his parents and siblings. He reminisces about going to school. Abe details his father’s business. He lists other survivors from his hometown. Abe remembers his oldest brother and his family. He talks about how the relationship between Jews and non-Jews changed when the Germans occupied his town. He shares an experience on a visit to Poland. Abe mentions the Cold War and his continued hatred of Germany. He recounts meeting his wife. Abe talks about other survivors in Atlanta. He talks about his education and the role of Judaism in his life. Abe remembers life before the war. He remembers when his family was killed. Abe considers his faith and contemporary antisemitism. He reflects on his life and his children.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)","\u003cp\u003eAbe Podber was born Moses Avraham Podberesky in Wiszniew, Poland on September 9, 1919. Abe was the third of four sons and had two sisters. In the pre-war years, life was good for Abe and his observant family. Abe attended a Polish and a Hebrew school. After finishing school, he helped his father run their export business. When the Germans invaded western Poland in 1939, Russia took the opportunity to occupy the eastern half of Poland, where Wiszniew was. However, it was not until the Germans advanced into eastern Poland during the invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941 that life dramatically changed. Abe’s eldest brother was immediately murdered. His two other brothers escaped to Russia. Abe only narrowly escaped death after he was arrested. Chained to a group of prisoners and taken to a local cemetery where a work detail was digging a mass grave, he realized he was about to be shot. Abe grabbed a shovel and pretended to be part of the burial detail, taking the place of a prisoner who had escaped.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAbe, his parents, his sisters, and the remaining Jewish population were soon confined to a ghetto the Germans established. Abe worked as a forced laborer in the ghetto. In August 1942, the Jews living in the ghetto were rounded up. Truckload after truckload was taken to a large building nearby, lined up against a wall, and shot. Those who remained at the end of the day were then forced into the building. When the Germans set fire to the building, Abe and a few others managed to escape. Abe’s family remained inside the burning building. Abe found shelter in a nearby forest. A few weeks later, he was captured and sent to a work camp.  \u003cbr\u003e           \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAfter spending about a year in the work camp, Abe was shipped to Stutthof concentration camp in Germany. Life became much more difficult. After a few weeks, Abe was sent to Dachau concentration camp. From Dachau, Abe was sent to Kaufering, a sub-camp of Dachau near Landberg am Lech. Abe spent the next two years living in harsh conditions and performing difficult manual labor. In the spring of 1945, in the closing days of World War II, the Germans sent the prisoners of Dachau and its sub-camps on a death march south toward Tyrol, Austria. The Jewish and Russian prisoners Abe was with stopped at a camp near Wolfrathausen, Germany. Abe hid in a chimney when the Germans began to shoot a large group of Russian prisoners of war. The Jewish prisoners were left alone and soon liberated by American troops.\u003cbr\u003e           \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAfter liberation, Abe spent several months in the Feldafing Displaced Persons camp. He found work with the US Army and made a living selling toys in DP camps. In 1949, he married another Polish survivor, Phyllis (Fela) Sonshein, in Ulm, Germany. During this period, Abe was also reunited with his two brothers, who had spent the war in Russia. In 1949, Abe, Phyllis, her mother and brother, and one of Abe’s brothers immigrated to the United States; his other brother went to Israel. Abe and Phyllis settled in Atlanta, Georgia, where they raised three sons and were members of Shearith Israel. Abe bought a series of grocery stores and worked in real estate. The couple had three sons. Abe passed away in 2011. Phyllis passwed away in 2022.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAbe Podber is interviewed by John Kent and Ruth Einstein in Atlanta, Georgia on May 27, 2010.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAbe describes how he narrowly escaped being shot by the Germans. He explains what life in the ghetto was like. Abe recounts the liquidation of the ghetto and his escape to the woods. Abe remembers Stutthof and Dachau. He recounts working for a German on a railroad. Abe recollects a camp experience. He discusses liberation. He talks about life in Germany after the war. Abe introduces his parents and siblings. He reminisces about going to school. Abe details his father\u0026rsquo;s business. He lists other survivors from his hometown. Abe remembers his oldest brother and his family. He talks about how the relationship between Jews and non-Jews changed when the Germans occupied his town. He shares an experience on a visit to Poland. Abe mentions the Cold War and his continued hatred of Germany. He recounts meeting his wife. Abe talks about other survivors in Atlanta. He talks about his education and the role of Judaism in his life. Abe remembers life before the war. He remembers when his family was killed. Abe considers his faith and contemporary antisemitism. He reflects on his life and his children.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAbe Podber was born Moses Avraham Podberesky in Wiszniew, Poland on September 9, 1919. Abe was the third of four sons and had two sisters. In the pre-war years, life was good for Abe and his observant family. Abe attended a Polish and a Hebrew school. After finishing school, he helped his father run their export business. When the Germans invaded western Poland in 1939, Russia took the opportunity to occupy the eastern half of Poland, where Wiszniew was. However, it was not until the Germans advanced into eastern Poland during the invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941 that life dramatically changed. Abe\u0026rsquo;s eldest brother was immediately murdered. His two other brothers escaped to Russia. Abe only narrowly escaped death after he was arrested. Chained to a group of prisoners and taken to a local cemetery where a work detail was digging a mass grave, he realized he was about to be shot. Abe grabbed a shovel and pretended to be part of the burial detail, taking the place of a prisoner who had escaped.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAbe, his parents, his sisters, and the remaining Jewish population were soon confined to a ghetto the Germans established. Abe worked as a forced laborer in the ghetto. In August 1942, the Jews living in the ghetto were rounded up. Truckload after truckload was taken to a large building nearby, lined up against a wall, and shot. Those who remained at the end of the day were then forced into the building. When the Germans set fire to the building, Abe and a few others managed to escape. Abe\u0026rsquo;s family remained inside the burning building. Abe found shelter in a nearby forest. A few weeks later, he was captured and sent to a work camp. \u0026nbsp;\u003cbr /\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAfter spending about a year in the work camp, Abe was shipped to Stutthof concentration camp in Germany. Life became much more difficult. After a few weeks, Abe was sent to Dachau concentration camp. From Dachau, Abe was sent to Kaufering, a sub-camp of Dachau near Landberg am Lech. Abe spent the next two years living in harsh conditions and performing difficult manual labor. In the spring of 1945, in the closing days of World War II, the Germans sent the prisoners of Dachau and its sub-camps on a death march south toward Tyrol, Austria. The Jewish and Russian prisoners Abe was with stopped at a camp near Wolfrathausen, Germany. Abe hid in a chimney when the Germans began to shoot a large group of Russian prisoners of war. The Jewish prisoners were left alone and soon liberated by American troops.\u003cbr /\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAfter liberation, Abe spent several months in the Feldafing Displaced Persons camp. He found work with the US Army and made a living selling toys in DP camps. In 1949, he married another Polish survivor, Phyllis (Fela) Sonshein, in Ulm, Germany. During this period, Abe was also reunited with his two brothers, who had spent the war in Russia. In 1949, Abe, Phyllis, her mother and brother, and one of Abe\u0026rsquo;s brothers immigrated to the United States; his other brother went to Israel. Abe and Phyllis settled in Atlanta, Georgia, where they raised three sons and were members of Shearith Israel. Abe bought a series of grocery stores and worked in real estate. The couple had three sons. Abe passed away in 2011. Phyllis passwed away in 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/247/818/small/Podber_Abe.m4v_1723046956.jpg?1723046957","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Podber_Abe.m4v"]},"duration":6142.937,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/247/818/small/Podber_Abe.m4v_1723046956.jpg?1723046957","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/247/818/original/Podber_Abe.m4v?1723046949","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":6142.937,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Podber, Abe_2010 [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: It is May 27, 2010, in Atlanta, Georgia. We are interviewing Abe Podber\nfor the Bremen Museum.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=0.0,8.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: Okay, my name is Abe Podber. I am born in Poland on September 9, 1919. In\nthis time --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=8.0,17.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PHYLLIS: What city?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=17.0,18.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: I used to be in school. After that, I raised a little and they sent me to\nschool, my father and mother. I been in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=18.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"school for the Jewish\neducation, more [than] the Polish education. Later on, in 1939, the Germans\nstarted to come in in Russia, in Poland. We heard a lot of things about what is\ngoing on with the Germans, with the Jews. Later on, a little ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"later, they come\nin. The Germans come into our city. They come in to my house. They ask for me.\nThey say my name [and] everything. My father and mother say I am not in, \"I\ndon't know where he is.\" They said to my father and mother, \"If he not going to\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"come to the city hall, they gonna come in and take you.\" I'd been in the back\nand listen everything what they said. They left, and I come out, and I say to my\nmother and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"father, \"I don't want to [have] you go for me. I go myself.\" A couple\ndays later, I left myself. When I come in to the city hall, they put me in a\nlittle jail. I spend a whole day in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"jail. In the morning, I hear a little noise\nabout six, seven o'clock. I go and I look around in the -- There is a small\nlittle window. I saw they carry maybe 75 people, all are Jews. One is going with\nhis tefillin, and one go with a tallit, and one is [in] shoes, and one is in no\nshoes, one in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pajamas. I say, \"My G-d. What's going on here?\" Somebody come,\nopen the door--the door [to where] I've been in jail--and they call me, \"Come\nout.\" I come out and they connect me. They connect me to that people. I look\naround what is going to be and we go on the same ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"street what is cemetery. It's\nthe same place, no far [from] the cemetery. We come into the cemetery. We saw\nthree graves. One grave is about half that building, big, three [of them]. When\nthe people got to be, started to panic and running. When they run away, they\nstarted to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"shooting. Most been the Polish people and the Germans, both together.\nThey started to shoot because the people already see it's going to be their\ndeath. They started. Each one started to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"run away and they shoot them right\naway. When I turn around my head to the right and I saw a shovel, a shovel what\nshould dig in the ground. I pick up the shovel and put it on my shoulder. When I\nstarted to go ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"back, and I pick up my hat like that [off the ground], I saw a\nbunch of people staying in the back. Who is the people? Let me tell you. The\npeople what they take in the middle of the night. They take that people--they\nJewish people--they take the people to make the graves. One man run away and\nthat ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"shovel -- That shovel is [from] that fella what he been with together with\nthat 18 people. He run away. I take the shovel and I connect, I come to that\npeople. The people don't say nothing because is all my friends and family, all\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"together. Nobody said nothing. Later on, when they finish killing everybody and\nput in the graves -- You know, 50, 75 people take a long time and they have\npeople what they thought everybody, if somebody is still alive, they still, with\nmachine gun, they still kill him, shoot ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him. Later on, after that, he come--the\nGerman--to us, what we stayed already in the line, the 18 people. He come. He\nsay, \"If we going to find one more, we going to kill you like we killed that.\"\nDo you understand what I mean? Okay. Everybody started to shake because I been\nthe 19. Everybody is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"afraid is gonna be -- that death is going to come in to\neverybody here, too. He started to count. He found 18 because that fella what I\ngot the shovel [from], he run away. He'd been the 18. He run away. Later, they\ntell us to go put more ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sand to cover more the three graves with all our friends.\nWhen we finish to cover the people, they let us go. In that couple days what I\nbeen in jail, and in the cemetery, and that, they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"make a ghetto in our street.\nIn my house, used to be five people. Five people used to stay in my house.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=480.0,494.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Which city?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=494.0,496.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: Wiszniew. They been in this city with me. Later on, I look at my father,\nand mother, and my two sisters been ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=496.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through. Terrible. They didn't have nothing\nto eat because they don't let it out. They don't let nobody out. They make a big\nfence. Nobody can go out. I find out they need people to work. The Germans need\npeople to work. I said to one of my friends, I say, \"I want ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go. I want go to\nwork. I need a job. I don't want to stay home and look at my parents and that.\"\nThey come and they call ten people. I been in the ten to go. They take us on a\nbig truck. They carry us. Maybe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about 15 miles is a railroad train what the\npeople go with the train and travel with a train locomotive, everything. They\nbring it to that place. We used to work every single day, but Friday, we used to\n-- They let us go home. But I used to have a -- German what he used to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"guard me\nand everybody. I said to him, \"Maybe you let me go to the Polish people and get\nyou something, food, and I going to bring it to you, too.\" You know what I mean?\nI going to bring it the German to eat because he didn't have much to eat, too.\nHe let me go. The people what are coming, thousands of people come in to that\ncamp what I been in. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When they bring us to that camp, they have the woman take\nme them clothes, shoes, pants, everything. I used to go to the -- I used to ask\nhim about the people, \"Give me the clothes, something, pans, or shorts, or\nsomething. [I told him,] \"I go and bring you something to eat, too.\" They used\nto give me and I used to go to the farmers, to the Polish farmers, and ask them,\n\"Give ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me. Give me food, give me bread, give me butter, give me milk, give me\nthat, that.\" And I need a little pork for that German, fat bacon and streak o'\nlean bacon for the German. They used to give me and I used to give them the\nclothes. I used to come in to that place--nobody bothered me--and I used to give\nhim feed. I used to go every ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"day, a couple hours, and bring him food. I used to\nhave food, but Friday, I used to have a lot of food taken to my home, to give my\nfather, or mother, or more people. [It] was to get something to eat. How many I\nused to have? I used to [be] scared to take a lot. I used to have a little bag,\nbut something is better than nothing. Later on -- Let me ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"think. After that --\nYeah, after that. I used to come home. On that Friday, I don't go home. I just\ngot suspicions to me. I don't want to go. I am the one carry food and all that.\nI don't want. I going to stay here. Ten people stay with me. The whole time,\nthey used to go. Now, this time, we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stay. It is Friday, Saturday. Sunday\nmorning, we come out outside. All the ten people, we sitting and talking [about]\nwhat is going be. What is going to be with us? They going to kill us and\neverything's going to be bad. What we going to do? We don't know. Nobody know\nwhat to say. That is a hard question. Later ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on -- We sitting and we talking,\nlike I just said. We talking and everything. We saw a man with a horse, going so\nfast we see the horse has got chum, white stuff [coming from its mouth]. When he\ncome down--a Polish man--he said to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"us, \"Run away! Don't stay here because they\nkill everybody! They kill everybody from Wiszniew. Nobody left. Nobody. Nobody\nleft. They kill everybody. Run for the woods!\" We're thinking, \"The man tell us\nthe truth?\" We know that man. I used to know. We used to do ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"business with that\nman. [He was] a nice man. He come and he say, \"Run away!\" We go and maybe about\n20 feet, used to be a forest, a lot of trees and everything. We go on in all the\nthree, all the camp. We go in inside, and we stay, and we looking if he tell us\nthe truth. All of us sudden, we hear something, machines running. We stay in a\nlittle while. We saw three, four ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trucks with Germans on the trucks with the\nrifles. We run away in the woods. We run away because we can't -- We don't have\nnothing to fight with them. We run away and we run away deeper. We know they\ngoing to come in looking for us because they know we here somewhere. But we\ngoing and going, maybe a whole week. We struggle really in the forest, in the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"woods. Later, I said, \"That's not for me to do. I can't stay.\" [I had] no\nclothes, sleeping on the ground with all the ants and other things. It's just\ngot to be better than that because that is not a life. Then, I told them,\n\"Listen, if you want to go with me, here is a little town called Kreva\n[Poland].\" That's a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lot of truth. It's a small town not far from that place. [I\nsaid,] \"We're going to that place.\" [They said,] \"We don't go. We're going to\nstay in the woods.\" I left. When I come to that place, the Jews say, \"What?\nYou're from Wiszniew. What you doing here?\" I said, \"Wiszniew is no more. They\nkill everybody.\" They say, \"We know they kill everybody, but I think they going\nto come into us, too.\" Later ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on, after that, they need again people to work. I\nsay, \"I go.\" I go again. There comes a truck and take maybe 50 or a hundred\npeople. They carry us to -- What is the city? Let me see. Danzig. You have heard\nof Danzig? They put us on the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trains, not [just] me, but thousands and\nthousands. They're not just -- There are thousands. They put us on the trains\nand they carry us to Stutthof. You've heard of Stutthof? I've been in Stutthof.\nWhen we come in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Stutthof, I have my sister-in-law with [her] two children. They\nasking about her, \"You going to go with the children? Do you want to come with\nthe children or you going to go by yourself?\" My sister-in-law said, \"I'm not\ngoing to let go [of] the children [and go] by myself. I take the children.\"\nThen, we saw what they do. They have a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"crematorium in Stutthof. They carry them\nright away to the crematorium and they kill them in a minute. Not [just] my\nsister-in-law, but more like that, more, and more, and more, and they kill them\nin the crematorium. After that, we used to go to work in that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"place, in\nStutthof. From Stutthof, they take us back to Germany. I been in Germany with\nthousands of people in Dachau, but not direct in Dachau. In Dachau, used to be a\nbig crematorium, but we used to have a difference. On a hundred acre land, they\nbuild camps and that's where I've been, in that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"camp. One day in the morning,\nthey call everybody. There used to be Appel [German: roll call], they used to\ncall it [in] Germany. They used to tell everybody they have to go out, and stay\nin the line, and not to move from [there]--thousands of them, not just me, but\nI've been in that place [with] thousands there. Later, [we] had one German. He\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"come and he say, \"Who is a lock maker?\" A lock maker. I don't know. Nobody go\nout. I am not a lock maker. When I'm gonna make a -- I don't know what to do,\nbut I tell you what. I step out three steps. After me, is on the right side one\nand on the left side one, two more like me. We standing and we're ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"looking.\nLater, he call us, all the three. What he wants [is] he got three locomotives,\ntwo trains. You know what [is] a train. A train what carry people to work. They\ncalled -- We used to call it a 'locomotive.' Now, that's a train. They give us\nrags and say, \"You have to make them blink, blank, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sauer [German: clean],\nreally, really clean. Clean that locomotive,\" the train. \"Oh,\" I say, \"G-d is\nwith me.\" You know, this is a wonderful thing. When he tell me to make a lock,\nhe'll be shooting me right away. I want he should shoot me because the life used\nto be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"miserable. But I've been happy he gave me to clean the things and them,\ntoo. Later, he come and tell me, \"You're going to help the driver what he drive\nthe locomotive and pick up the people to work. You going to help him.\" I say,\n\"G-d is with me again.\" The German what he drive the locomotive tell me what to\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do, \"You got to put in coals in the oven. You got to make them the steam.\" They\nused to have a round thing [for] steam. You know what steam is? Making hot the\nwater. When you make hot water and the locomotive take it over, then you can go.\nIf you don't make the steam, the locomotive don't go. Here, you put in gas and\nthat is the steam make the locomotive run. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay, I run it with him and he give\nme a piece of bread. The German, the main German what he drive the locomotive,\nhe started to like me. I don't know. He like me. He gave me a piece of bread,\nbut he gave me the ends. Anything is good for me. He gave me the ends. After\nthat, the Germans taking ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"away that driver. The Germans take him to the war, to\ngo fighting. He come and say, \"You're going to have to drive the locomotive, the\ntrain. And if not, we're going to make you kaput [German: gone]. We is going to\nkill you.\" I say, \"Jawohl [German: yes]. Yes, sir.\" Okay, now, what can I do\nabout it? I mean, listen, I'm in his hands. After that, I been with him several\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"times. I drive myself the locomotive, and I learned how to do, and I know how to\ndo that, and I drive good. Everything's fine. He comes one time to me and he\nsays, \"You a verfluchte Jude [German: cursed Jew]!\" You know what verfluchte is?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=1350.0,1368.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Sort of.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=1368.0,1369.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: It's a bad word. Even [though] he like me, but he say still, \"verfluchte\nJude.\" He said to me, \"Go to that place what is the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=1369.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"food and they going to load\nit.\" The locomotive, it got in the back little places. [He said,] \"They going to\nfill that up with food and you going to take and carry to the camp.\" I say,\n\"Jawohl. Yes, sir.\" \"But one thing,\" he said to me, \"if you pass by that place,\nyou're going to blow the horn because I live in that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"place.\" I say, \"Jawohl. I\nwill do that.\" When they filled it up with the foods and everything, and I\nfixing to go back, but when I passed close to his house, I blow the horn. He\ncome out, the German what give me the jobs and everything. He came out with two\nbig bags and he broke the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seal. [There] used to be a seal because they don't\ntrust me, because I can go out, and take out all the food, and everything, and\nrun away. Where I going to run in Germany? They going to catch me. There's no\nuse to think about that. He broke this seal and he filled it up with two big\nbags, foods, all the kinds of food, everything, butter, and bread, and milk, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and\neverything in the world, big. [I think,] \"Oh, my G-d. He broke the seal and they\ngoing to think I do that.\" When I going to come into that place and the seal\ngoing to be broken, is missing a lot of food, they're going to kill me right\naway. Well, you know what? I didn't got be [worried] with me; not with him. He\ngot a seal exactly like that and he put that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seal on. You understand what I say?\nThe seal. He broke the seal to take the food and he have an extra seal he put\nback. Everything's okay. When I come back to that place -- Now, before he left,\nhe gave me two loafs of bread. I have a long, big coat. I put ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one loaf of bread\n[under my arm] --not for me, because I have [enough] to eat one--and one here\n[under my other arm]. When I come close to that camp, stay a guard. He -- [has]\nsuspicion. I hold a hand like that and a hand like that. He recognize me. I got\nsomething. He say. You say, \"You verfluchte Jude! Was Haben Sie Hier? [German:\nYou cursed Jew! What have you got here?]\" [He wants to know] what I have. [He\nasks,] \"What you got here?\" I pick up my hands and the two loafs of bread fell\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out. He put me in a fence. They have a big electric fence next to the camp. He\nput a potato in my mouth. The flies is all around. He say, \"Don't pick up your\nhand,\" not to pick it up and throw away the flies. I stay miserable. What can I\ndo? I can do ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nothing. But the guard stays with a rifle like that to me. I hear\nsomething [like feet stomping], something like that, somebody go. I say,\n\"[throat clearing sound].\" The same German what he have the two bags [of] bread,\nthe food, he turned around and I turned around a head to him. I saw him; he saw\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me. He said, \"I'll get you, verfluchte Yid. Was machen Sie hier? [German: cursed\nJew. What are you doing here?]\" I can't talk to him because I got -- He started\nto holler at the guard, \"That's my best man! Why you do that to him?\" He gave me\nback the two loaf of bread. When I coming inside, I give the bread to the\npeople. They hungry. These stories, [there are] still more, and more, and more,\nbut I just ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"going to stop a little.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=1650.0,1652.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Do you remember his name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=1652.0,1654.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: No. Who knew a name? A guard. He used to be a SS man, a mean man. I don't\nknow their names. Nobody.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=1654.0,1663.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: What was the approximate date when this was happening or what season of\nthe year?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=1663.0,1669.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: First of all, I tell you, we don't know what is Sunday. We don't know what\nis Saturday. We don't know nothing what kind of a day. Used to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=1669.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be the holidays\n-- Four years and they don't let us out nowhere. [I was] just in camp. You know\nwhat I mean? It is terrible. It used to be, but the days when -- Oh, before the\nliberation, is that guard what used to be nice to me. He says, \"Don't worry. The\nAmerican ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people is not far.\" There's already been in 19 -- That is, I believe,\nin 19 -- In 1940, I believe. Before --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=1710.0,1722.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SON: Forty?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=1722.0,1723.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: In the 1940s because that's already by the end, that. He say, \"Don't run\naway. I tell you, I just have a telephone. The American people going to come in,\nliberate ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=1723.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you, and you going have to be free.\" But [who is] going to listen to a\nGerman? We don't believe in him. They take us. We're going straight ahead. They\ntake us, everybody, the thousands of people who can walk. Who cannot walk, they\nused to shoot them on the street. They used to shoot them, left people where\nthey can. You hear in Germany, used to be Tyrol ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hills -- like a hill. That's\nwhere they want to carry us, to Tyrol. In Germany is a place [called] Tyrol\nhills. They carry us to that places. They carry us, and carry us, and carry us.\nThey bring us to a military building. [It was] a big, empty building because\nthat ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"building used to be the Germans soldiers, but the German soldiers, they\ntake them away to fighting. They bring us--all the thousands--there. They bring\nus to the building. I see something. In the left, they talking Russian. They\nspeak in Russian and the Germans go in behind them. When the Germans ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go in that\nside, watch us, the Jews. But I see the Germans take the Russians a little\nfarther to the left side. They don't bother us, nothing. I stay and watch.\nEverybody stay and watch what is going to be. They take, the Germans -- Used to\nbe a little wooded place, a forest, a little wood -- ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trees. They take them to\nthat trees. We stay and watching what going to be. Everybody want to know what\nis going to be. What we hear [is] they [are] shooting [with] the machine guns.\nThey shooting, and shooting, and shooting. We know they shot, they killed the\nRussians. Then, later, they going to come to me, to ours. What I do, I turn\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"around and I see a chimney. You know what a chimney? I see a chimney. I said,\n\"They're going to come out and they gonna kill us. I know that because they\ndon't going to let us be free, because even the American people coming in not\nfar, but still they going to kill us.\" Nobody say nothing. I climb to the\nchimney, to the top of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"roof. Like, that is the chimney, and I stay here,\nwith my feet [braced against the walls of the chimney] like that because the\nbricks got a little thing [sticking out] like that. I stay with the brick, with\nmy feet like that, and I hold myself all night. In the morning, I hear a little\nnoise. I go a little farther [up] and I look -- I see people going with\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"different uniforms. The uniforms -- I never saw American uniform, but it's\ndifferent, is not German uniform. They got guns, and rifles, and everything. I\nlook around. In the back, is tables, and people sitting, and eating. Our people\n[were] sitting and eating. I just [dropped]. When I come down, everybody look at\nme. I am like a chimney, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"black like a chimney. Everybody ask me, \"Where you been\nwhat you got coals on your head?\" They say, \"What you --\" I say, \"I been all the\nnight because I scared the [of] the Germans because they killed the Russians. I\nthink they're going to come into us and they going to kill us.\" People sitting\nand eating. [It] is the American ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"military--Jews or not Jews. They used to come\nin and grab him for the head, \"Don't eat fast because, when you eat fast, when\nyou don't eat for years, the stomach going to be like that [tiny]. You're going\nto start to push it in, you going to die.\" That is the whole history what I\nmake. I don't know what I do later and that is it. I come. In ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1945, I been in a\ncamp called Feldafing. You have heard of that, Feldafing? I been recognized more\npeople that been in that. Later on, I started -- I got to make a living. From\nthe UNRRA -- The UNRRA, the Jewish Federation can't feed me what I want and\nthat. I just got ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to build it up myself. I started to go a little in the business\nand I started to go -- I used to go to the manufacturers, me and a friend of\nmine, Manik. You remember Manik? Me and him, we used to go to the manufacturers.\nWe already have a little, a couple dollars. In this time, we -- It's not the\nsame thing [time]. Maybe take a year or something. I been from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1945 to 1949 in\nGermany. I started to make a little business. I used to go to manufactures where\nthey making toys. I used to buy a couple cartons of cigarettes and give it to\nhim, give to the manufacturer man from the toys. He used to hold the toys for\nme. He used to give me a little toys. Used to be a lot of people--married\npeople--with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children in camp. The Jewish people started -- In this time [of]\nseveral years, they have children. I used to go to the camps, to -- Like I tell\nyou, [in] Feldafing, used to be a lot of Jewish woman, married people with\nchildren, and I used to sell [to] them. A couple years later, I find my brother\nin ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Feldafing. You don't have my brother? You don't have the pictures. I have a\nbrother. He'd been in Russia, and he came to Germany, and I meet him and I meet\n-- He'd been in Russia, too. That's my brother. You know that he used to be an\nopera singer what he have the [conductor's] stick. He died here. I meet him in\nGermany. He come here to the United ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"States. He been in the Conservatorium and\nhe'd been in the opera here. He been -- But he died a young man. He'd been 66\nyears when he died.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2190.0,2205.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: His whole name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2205.0,2207.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: What?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2207.0,2208.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PHYLLIS: The name.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2208.0,2210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: His name.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2210.0,2212.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: Max Podber. That's my brother. Max Podber.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2212.0,2216.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Max.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2216.0,2217.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: Later, I find -- Before ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2217.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him, I find Moshe, Moses Podber, Moshe Podberesky.\nHe's my brother. He'd been in Russia and he come to Germany. I meet him in\nGermany. He left to Israel and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2220.0,2237.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: You want a drink of this?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2237.0,2241.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: I take it. Thank you so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2241.0,2245.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GRANDDAUGHTER: It's very. I told you, there's vitamins in it. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2245.0,2251.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Good?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2251.0,2251.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: I got lemonade. Go ahead. Go get you lemonade for the people. Coke?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2251.0,2257.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Let us go back to your earlier years, the first 20 years before the war.\nTell us a little bit of your family, mother, father, all of that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2257.0,2269.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: I can tell you that. It don't matter.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2269.0,2273.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Sure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2273.0,2274.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2274.0,2275.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: The names?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2275.0,2276.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PHYLLIS: The names.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2276.0,2277.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: My father's name? Okay. My father's name is Mordechai ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2277.0,2281.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Fievel Podberesky. My\nmother's name is Rachel. She used to be a Horowitz, but when she married my\nfather, she's a Podber. [Our last name] used to be Podberesky. When I come here\nto the United States, the judge asked me, \"What's your name?\" I say, \"Abraham\nPodberesky.\" [The judge said,] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2281.0,2311.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Ay, ay, ay!\" You know what he said? [He said,]\n\"I can't pronounce that name. You got to cut it down. He going to be Podber.\" I\ndon't want. I want my regular name, but what can I do against the judge? I\ncannot do that. I agree. From this time, I am Podber. I've ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2311.0,2341.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"been -- I started to\ngo to school. School is not a school like here in the United States. If you go\nto school and you don't learn like supposed to be, the teacher used to take it\n[grab your ear] like that. That teacher used to make you problems. If you not\ngoing to listen [to] that teacher, he going to tell the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2341.0,2371.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"parents. What is the\nteacher used to do? He used to put in a corner, stay one hour. Everybody go and\nplay and you gonna stay in the corner. If not, you don't listen, we're going to\ntell you, father or mother, you're going to have a problem at home. That is what\nwe used to go to school. I give you a little more. I used to have a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2371.0,2401.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"teacher. He\nused to be my teacher in Wiszniew, in the old country. About ten years ago --\nHow long is it, about ten years, Phyllis?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2401.0,2416.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PHYLLIS: More.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2416.0,2417.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: More? Ten, 12 years ago, I hear a name, Yellen. I say, \"I got to find out\nwho is Yellen.\" He is here, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2417.0,2431.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Shearith Israel, a teacher. I belong to Shearith\nIsrael. I come out one time. I just said to him, \"Your name is Yellen? Are you\nused to being a teacher in Poland, in Wiszniew?\" Oh, golly, you don't know. I\ndidn't see him in maybe 20 something years or maybe 30 years. I saw him. I am\nalready started ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2431.0,2461.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"friends and he used to be my teacher. Later, I hear he slapped a\ngirl in the face. When he slapped [her] in the face, they let him go on. He's\ngone. He is gone and no more here. He left. I never know. I never hear. I hear\nthis name, Yellen. A young ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2461.0,2491.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lady, a young lady reporter, she's on the television\non channel 37. She come out a Yellen, but I don't know who she is. I don't call\nher and that -- In my teenage life, I used to help my father and mother to make\na living and my brothers used to help. We used ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2491.0,2521.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to do --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2521.0,2522.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: What kind of family business?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2522.0,2524.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: [What]?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2524.0,2525.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: What family business did they have?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2525.0,2528.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: Not family business.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2528.0,2530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Oh.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2530.0,2531.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: We used to buy from the country. From the Polish people, we used to buy\ncotton. We used to have a manufacturer in our building, a big building, and we\nused to have maybe about ten ladies. They used to cleaning the cotton. People\nused to come in from all ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2531.0,2551.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over the world, from England, from Germany, from all\nover the world. They used to buy and we used to ship [to] them. We used to make\nthem bundles, a big bundle of cotton. They used to buy from us and we used to\nsend them to them. That kind of business we used to be all the time. We used to\nbe in good condition. [We] used to come in. Saturdays, holidays, we used to be\nreal ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2551.0,2581.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"observant because my father used to be really [religious]. I used to sit in\nwith my father in the front when I used to be a small one. He used to tell me,\n\"Read it.\" When I read slow, he'd say, \"I don't like it. You're going to school.\nYou got to learn better.\" He used to punish me. That's what we used to be, like\nthat. And ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2581.0,2611.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2611.0,2612.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Can you describe your mother and father a little bit more? What kind of\npeople were they?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2612.0,2619.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: My father and mother used to be the nicest people what can be in town. When\nwe [were] in the shul, we used to sit in the front next to the rabbi. That is my\nmother. I don't have my father. That's my mother. How I find her, I tell you how\nI find my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2619.0,2641.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mother. I have a family in -- What's that -- Jackson? In --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2641.0,2648.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SON: Ohio?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2648.0,2649.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: Let me see. What? Where is?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2649.0,2653.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SON: Ohio? Shirley?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2653.0,2655.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: Shirley. Where is she?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2655.0,2658.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SON: Ohio, Cleveland.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2658.0,2660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: Oh, in Cleveland, Ohio. My mother --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2660.0,2665.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Can you straighten [the microphone] a little?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2665.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: You don't hear ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2670.0,2672.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me? What shall I do?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2672.0,2674.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GRANDDAUGHTER: Here. What do you want me to do?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2674.0,2678.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Just straighten it, yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2678.0,2680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: Is it better?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2680.0,2682.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GRANDDAUGHTER: Like that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2682.0,2683.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: I don't have nothing from my family. I have for my sons. That's all what I\ngot. My brothers is dead.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2683.0,2692.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: How many brothers and sisters?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2692.0,2694.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: I used to have three brothers and two sisters.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2694.0,2698.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: And the names of the other ones you have not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2698.0,2702.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mentioned? The sisters and\nthe third brother, you have not mentioned their names yet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2702.0,2708.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: Moshe, he used to be really for Israel. I used to be, too. I used to belong\nto Ha-Shomer ha-Tsa'ir. He used to belong to the Betar. You know what Betar and\nHa-Shomer ha-Tsa'ir [are]? He used to -- I got his pictures here. Feygele [Phyllis]?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2708.0,2728.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PHYLLIS: Jacob?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2728.0,2729.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: Moshe's.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2729.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SON: Talk about Yankel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2730.0,2732.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PHYLLIS: About ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2732.0,2733.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yankel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2733.0,2733.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: We will look at it later.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2733.0,2736.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: No, later, I gonna talk about Jacob.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2736.0,2739.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: We will show them later on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2739.0,2742.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: About Jacob. He used to be really -- Shimon Peres is born in my town. If\nyou -- You don't know. Yehoshua Rabinovitz used to be the mayor from Tel Aviv\n[Israel]. I used to have the pictures. But somebody -- That fella take the\npictures from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2742.0,2762.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me, what you got him, he say he is [from] Wiszniew. He got my\nbook. But Shimon Peres used to be my teacher. No, not Shimon Peres; Yehoshua\nRabinovitz. He used one of the first one, the best teacher what can be. He was\ngoing to a funeral, and he fell down, and died several days [later], but he's in\nTel Aviv. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2762.0,2792.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He's a gan [Hebrew: garden]. You know what a gan is?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2792.0,2798.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: A garden.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2798.0,2800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Gun?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2800.0,2801.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SON: G-A-N, gan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2801.0,2803.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: A garden.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2803.0,2805.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2805.0,2806.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: A garden, but we call it a gan. Shimon Peres --[No,] Yehoshua Rabinovitz,\nthe teacher, is in his name. In Tel Aviv is a big name, Yehoshua Rabinovitz Gan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2806.0,2822.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: It is a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2822.0,2824.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"park.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2824.0,2824.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: [Okay].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2824.0,2825.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: They come in [to Israel]. A lot of them from my little town is big people,\nreally big people. It's a small town, but it's big.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2825.0,2836.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: What was the nearest big city to your --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2836.0,2840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: Vilna and Volozhin. Volozhin [had] a yeshiva. Radin [had] a yeshiva. You\nknow what a yeshiva is? Alright. Look, it's all a circle, the whole things, the\nfinest people in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2840.0,2853.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"world. Look at Vilna. Vilna is the Chofetz Chaim. That's\none of the biggest people, the Yiddisher [Yiddish: Jewish] people. He come from\nour town, from Vilna, and from round and round, Volozhin. If you talking --\nRabbi [Moshe] Epstein learn in Volozhin. Rabbi Epstein [lived and studied] not\nfar. Volozhin is 20 miles from my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2853.0,2883.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"town.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2883.0,2883.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Talk about your two sisters also.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2883.0,2886.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: What can I -- The two sisters --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2886.0,2890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Their names?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2890.0,2891.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: They be married. One is Rachel. One is Leah. They been married, with\nchildren, and they have a good time. One husband used to making cheese. You\nknow, the New York cheese? He used to be in a big farm, a farm with cows and\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2891.0,2912.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everything, and he used to make cheese. The New York state cheese, the sharp\ncheese, that is my, yeah. My brother-in-law used to make a nice good living,\nused to be. The other used to be the same thing, [in] business, buying, and\nselling, and that. Used to be a nice open city.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2912.0,2935.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Talk about your mother a little bit also.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2935.0,2939.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: The mother come from a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2939.0,2942.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"small town [called] Rakow [Poland]. I got a cousin\nin South Africa. That's my [mother's] cousin, my second cousin. He's the biggest\n-- You know Johannesburg, Cape Town? [In] all the big cities, he opened\nhospitals. He'd been in all of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2942.0,2972.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"towns, in the hospitals, but he's already\nretired. He's already -- He come visit us and my children been with him in South\nAfrica. My two sisters, like I said, they live in comfort. Everything's fine.\nThey have children. What is: they have the children. The Germans kill them. The\nGermans kill ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2972.0,3002.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everybody.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3002.0,3002.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Your mother's name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3002.0,3004.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: Rachel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3004.0,3005.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3005.0,3006.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: Horowitz used to be, I told you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3006.0,3010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: [Yes].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3010.0,3011.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: She got Podberesky.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3011.0,3013.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PHYLLIS: She was married.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3013.0,3015.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: So, only --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3015.0,3017.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: [What]?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3017.0,3018.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: Only your two brothers escaped to Russia?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3018.0,3022.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: Two brothers in Russia. One is an opera singer. Let me explain [to] you\nwhat is the first one. The older ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3022.0,3032.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"brother used to be -- He have a very beautiful\nvoice. He studied in Vilna in Conservatory. He learned in that place maybe\nseveral years. Later on, [Wolf] Durmashkin used to be his ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3032.0,3062.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"teacher. His\nconservatory -- used to call Durmashkin -- conservatory from Vilna. They take\nhim in. One time, they call him and say, \"You going to have to daven on Yom\nKippur and Rosh Hashanah.\" They picked him up because he used to have a\nwonderful voice, like [Moshe] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3062.0,3092.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Koussevitzky or Yossele Rosenblatt. [He was] very\ntalented. Here come the holidays and he started to daven. But the synagogue is a\nbig one. Me and him [my son] been in the synagogue. [It] is a small synagogue,\nbut I show my sons where he used to daven. People staying outside can't go in\n[because] so many ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3092.0,3122.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people want to listen to my brother daven. When the Germans\ncoming in, he'd been married, like I told you, his -- My brother's wife with the\ntwo children. I just told you. When I said something, they take them right away\nin the crematorium and they killed my sister-in-law right then. I just told you before.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3122.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: That was in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3150.0,3152.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Stutthof?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3152.0,3152.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: Stutthof, yeah. In Stutthof, they kill her. That is his wife with the\nchildren [of] my oldest brother. When they coming in, they got my brother right\naway there. They take him away. Nobody know where till today. The Germans take\nhim away and that's --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3152.0,3172.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PHYLLIS: That's enough.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3172.0,3173.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: What was life like in your town when it was normal? What was normal life\nlike? What are some of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3173.0,3182.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the better memories?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3182.0,3183.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: Where? In backwards in time?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3183.0,3186.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Right. Before it got bad.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3186.0,3189.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: In Wiszniew?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3189.0,3190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3190.0,3191.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: I tell you one thing. We used to have good times. First of all, we used to\nbelong to all the Jewish -- You know, like Ha-Shomer ha-Tsa'ir and to the Betar.\nWe used to come in every night. I used to play in an orchestra. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3191.0,3212.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We used to go\nnighttime. We used to play, and all the young people used to come in, and dance.\nWe used to have nice times. But more things: sometimes the Polish people, they\nused to go in drinking whiskey, drunk. They sometimes take a rock and throw in a\nJewish home. That used to happen. It happened. It is happening here in the\nUnited States, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3212.0,3242.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"too, and that what happen. There used to bad people, too. But\nmost, we used to do business with them and everything. But with the Germans\ncoming in, they change around. The young ones, the teenagers, they changing\naround and they going with the Germans together. The Germans give them the\nuniform, the Germans give them the rifles, and that's all what -- We have a bad\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3242.0,3272.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time. That's pretty bad. You know, it [was] everywhere the same thing; it's not\njust by us. But we used to have good times. They used to have clothes, uniform\nclothes. The pants used to go like that and shoes used to go like the children\nwearing -- the shoes --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3272.0,3293.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Boots.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3293.0,3294.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SON: Boots.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3294.0,3295.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: We used to ever have a good time when we used to be teenagers, or small\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3295.0,3302.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children, or something. Nothing wrong, but later the Germans -- the Polish\npeople changing around the whole thing. It's not like used to be. When the\nGermans coming in, they started to help them kill the Jews.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3302.0,3316.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Did the people, your own neighbors, the kids that you would --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3316.0,3321.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: They used to be nice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3321.0,3323.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: They --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3323.0,3324.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: When I come in 19 -- What year we go in?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3324.0,3328.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SON: Twelve years ago or 13 years ago.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3328.0,3331.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: About 12 ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3331.0,3332.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years ago --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3332.0,3333.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SON: Nineteen ninety-seven.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3333.0,3334.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: Next door, the people what I used to know, I asking about them. I know\ntheir names and everything. [They said,] \"I don't know you.\" [I said,] \"You used\nto live -- I used to live in that house what they tear down next to you. I used\nto play with Vladeck. Vladeck, your son, I used to play with him.\" They don't\nwant to say nothing. Nothing. They just ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3334.0,3362.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"scared because I am the one that come\nand they changed their minds. They hurt the Jews. They scared. They [my family]\nbeen with me and I tried to talk to them. They don't know me. I know them, but\nthey don't know me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3362.0,3379.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Did you go back to your town right after the war?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3379.0,3384.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: I been about 12 years --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3384.0,3387.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: But in 1945, did you go back?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3387.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: No, 1945 the liberation. I been in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3390.0,3393.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany. From Germany, I apply. I want\nto go to the United States. One [of] my brothers, say he want to go to Israel\nbecause we got a big family in Israel, but not here. They [my family] been in\nIsrael. They know my family. They know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3393.0,3413.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Why did you not want to go back to see your home?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3413.0,3418.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: I been really -- Let me tell you, when I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3418.0,3423.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"come to Wiszniew together with my\nsons, in my town, in Wiszniew, in my street [there] is a sign in Russian, \"Here\nis the Russian people laid down;\" not the Jews. Do you understand how you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3423.0,3453.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"feel?\nWhen I been -- When I been with him [my son], the people, I question the people\nhow it happened, why they killed so many people, he explained [to] us. In the\nmarket, they put round and round big machine [guns]. When they bring on trucks\neverybody from Wiszniew and let them [out] in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3453.0,3483.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"middle [of the] park--what is\nan empty park--and they started to shoot them with the machine [guns], with the\nrifles. That been terrible. He know. I asking about the Polish people, how did\nit happen, why did they kill so many people. That's what he explained [to] me.\nThey bring them with trucks, everybody, and they surrounded--the Polish people\nand the German ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3483.0,3513.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people--surround them with big, heavy machine guns, and they\nstart [shooting]. They kill everybody in two minutes. Do you understand how I\ncan't go looking? It is just terrible. When I come, I saw the sign where they\nburied that people. The Russians put in Russian; not in Polish, \"Here is the\nRussian people.\" Lies! Big ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3513.0,3543.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lies they say. They know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3543.0,3545.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: During your four years in Germany--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3545.0,3548.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: Yeah?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3548.0,3549.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: -- did you talk to the German people outside the camp?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3549.0,3554.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: Yeah, let me explain it [to] you. After we come out from the camps, we saw\n[President Dwight D.] Eisenhower. Eisenhower used to be president. I been really\n-- I come to him. I say, \"Mister --\" I talk with him in German because he's a\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3554.0,3573.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"German. Eisenhower is a German; not American. He born in Germany. I asking by\nhim, \"Today's the time to go finish the Russians.\" He say, \"We no want to fight\nnobody.\" That [is] what he said. Later, the Russians started to fight the\nAmericans. No? Even today, is the Russian -- The American is not good with the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3573.0,3603.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russians and the Russians is not good with the American. They fighting all the\ntime. The Russians -- I read The Forwards. You know the Forwards?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3603.0,3616.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SON: The Forwards.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3616.0,3618.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: The Forwards. I got them here. You come. Here is an article. I read it that\nthe Russians and the Turks [are] helping Iran to build the atom ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3618.0,3633.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bomb. I got it\nhere. I can read it for you. I got it here. That [is] why I say the Russian\npeople -- When I ask him about--Eisenhower--\"Now is the Russians a little weak\nand tired from fighting the Germans. The Germans kill a lot of Russians. Go and\nfinish up the Russians. Is going to be -- never going to be a war no more\nbecause --\" Eisenhower said, \"No, we don't come to fight them. We come to help\nthe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3633.0,3663.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people.\" That's all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3663.0,3664.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Again, during those four years in the DP camp, did you meet Germans just\nthroughout the course of your time there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3664.0,3673.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: Not Germans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3673.0,3674.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Only other liberated people?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3674.0,3676.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: We used -- We associated with our own people; not with the Germans. We\ndon't want to talk with them no more. I tell you one thing. When they got a show\nfrom the German, everybody -- ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3676.0,3692.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Look, I cut off the television. I'm going away.\nYou can't -- What the Germans do to the Jews, it is unbelievable. When I been in\nGermany--I been in Germany after the war, too--you see American oils, American\nbanks, American everything. American built up ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3692.0,3722.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3722.0,3722.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PHYLLIS: The Germans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3722.0,3723.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: America builded up the Germans. Not the Russians; the Germans. America is\nstill good. It is still good, but they suffer from it. They suffer. Like, in New\nYork --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3723.0,3738.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PHYLLLIS: Now, you don't get --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3738.0,3741.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: Like in New York, they come, and try to bomb, and putting bombs.\nEverything's in America. No. You think is America ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3741.0,3751.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"too -- soft for that. They got\na lot of murderers and they don't do nothing to the murderers. They don't do\nnothing. They killing a lot of Jews. They killing a lot of Americans. They\nkilling a lot of thing and America just don't do nothing. The judges is too\nsoft. You think not?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3751.0,3772.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: I will stick with your story.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3772.0,3775.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: No, that is the truth. [They are] too soft. America, you got to be a little\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3775.0,3781.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more stronger. What they let out -- Somebody kill somebody, the judges let him\nout. In the other countries, they don't do that. They got to punish him. If he\ndo to somebody else, punish him. They punish me for nothing because I'm Jewish.\nFor nothing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3781.0,3801.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: That is what I wanted to get back to. What was your understanding of why\nall this was happening to you, why the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3801.0,3811.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Poles hated you, why the Germans -- Did\nyou wonder why this was happening?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3811.0,3817.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: Let me a little explain [to] you, whether you going to agree with me or\nnot. They thing is that the -- I already forgot what I wanted -- Ask me again.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3817.0,3832.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: What was your understanding of why your neighbors hated you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3832.0,3837.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: Oh, why did it happen?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3837.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3840.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3840.0,3841.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: I wanna say something, but it's not nice for me to say. The Jews voted for\n[Adolf] Hitler. Hitler got his grandmother a Jewish, too. He's from the Jews.\nThe Jews thinking it's a good idea to vote for Hitler because the Jews used to\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3841.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be really comfortable, rich Germans. They vote for him and that's what got paid\nthem. It's got to be a different story, a different thing. Jews in America,\ndon't have to go against that and against that. Go with this way. If you go with\nthis way, nothing going to hurt you, but ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sometimes a senator go with the\nDemocrat and the Democrat -- the Republican going like that -- The Jewish people\ngot to be hold a little more their mouths shut. That is my opinion. I don't know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3900.0,3916.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: How about the Polish people? Why did they --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3916.0,3920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: The Polish people is just when Germany come. The Polish people come after\nthe Germans. Polish people used to be good ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3920.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people. We used to live together. If\nsomebody drunk, go, and drop a rock, they don't have nothing to do with it.\nEverybody. Here, a drunk man, he go, he lay down in of the street, and the\npolice people pick him up sometime. They put him in jail. They let him out.\nOkay. In Poland, they not laid down on the floor. The police don't do [to] him\nnothing. He go, he dropped the rock. Forget all that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3930.0,3955.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: But before the war, the Polish people were friendly?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3955.0,3958.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: Used to be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3958.0,3959.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nice. Nice what can be. When Hitler don't come, we used to laugh\n[with the] Polish. But, now, they just -- I hurt [by the] Polish and I hurt [by\nthe] Germans, but what can I do? I heard everybody going to vote for a man what\nhe is against Jews. These Jews voting for him and that is a bad situation. I\ndon't know. Why is our President going to Israel and tell ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3959.0,3989.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them, \"Stop the\nbuilding?\" He don't supposed to say that. He's an American President. He is our\npresident. We vote for him. He's don't supposed to go. Hold the mouth shut, go,\ntalk in a nice way. Why he say that what they building, they supposed to stop?\nThat's not right to do that, but what can you do? He's our president.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3989.0,4013.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Let us shift to a more pleasant topic. How did you meet your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4013.0,4019.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wife?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4019.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PHYLLIS: Oh.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4020.0,4021.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4021.0,4022.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: From Barack Obama to --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4022.0,4025.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: After the war, I used to be in Feldafing and she used to be in a little --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4025.0,4035.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PHYLLIS: Little bitty.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4035.0,4037.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: -- camp. What --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4037.0,4040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PHYLLIS: Ulm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4040.0,4041.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: Ulm. In Ulm, my brother--the first one, what he left to Israel--he said to\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4041.0,4049.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me, \"We gotta --\" I been already 21, 22 years old and I don't think to marry. I\njust do business and that. But he say, \"Here is a nice, beautiful girl. [She] is\nhere in that building.\" I say, \"It don't cost nothing to take a look.\" I come\nout with my brother and she's not in. I didn't see ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4049.0,4079.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"her. And she have a mother. I\ntalk to the mother, [she is] a nice mother. We talk in Yiddish. [She is] a\nYiddisher, is nice. Later, she come in and that. She have a brother. The brother\nis still here. He live not far from my children, in northeast section. Okay, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4079.0,4109.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we\ntalking. He took me in and he said, \"Look, it is about time. You by yourself.\nShe is by herself. Go ahead and see what you can do.\" He asked me, my brother. I\nlook at her. [She is] a pretty girl, nice what can be, from a good family. I\nsay, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4109.0,4139.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Okay.\" [It took] a little while, you know, but later, we come together. I\ncome again. Her brother take a bicycle and he rode away. He been -- How old he\nbeen? He been maybe 14, 15 years old.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4139.0,4155.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PHYLLIS: He is four years younger than me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4155.0,4158.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: About 14, 15 years?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4158.0,4160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PHYLLIS: Four years younger than me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4160.0,4162.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: He about 15 years or something. Okay. He run away. He don't know what's\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4162.0,4168.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"going on. All of a sudden, we make arrangement. She used to have the mother and\neverything's fine. They put me in a big chaluk [Hebrew: gown]. They used to call\n-- What is it? I don't know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4168.0,4182.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PHYLLIS: A kitel [Yiddish: gown].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4182.0,4184.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: You know, a big thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4184.0,4186.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PHYLLIS: A kitel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4186.0,4187.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SON: Kitel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4187.0,4188.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: A what?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4188.0,4189.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SON: A kitel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4189.0,4190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: What?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4190.0,4191.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SON: A kitel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4191.0,4192.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: A kitel. They put me in a kitel, I come, we married till ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4192.0,4197.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"today.\nEverything's fine. I got three children. I got four grandchildren. I love them\nso much, every one [of] my children and my grandchildren. I going to do\neverything my best to do for my children and for my grandchildren.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4197.0,4217.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: How did the two of you decide where to go from the DP camp?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4217.0,4224.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: I decided to go to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4224.0,4227.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"America; not nowhere [else], because I know America is\nthe sweetest country in the world. Even -- We used to have a friend in Poland,\nfamily, Slavic. She used to send us $10 each holiday, on Yom Kippur, on Rosh\nHashanah. We used to kiss the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4227.0,4257.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"$10 because $10 in this time, in the -- What, in\nthe 1950s? The 50s, 60s, 70s -- It used to be good, ten dollars. She used to\nwork. She used to be a lawyer. No, a --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4257.0,4279.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PHYLLIS: Bookkeeper.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4279.0,4280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: Bookkeeping. I scared to take from her even the $10 because ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4280.0,4287.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't need it\nso much. She need it more than me. But, I used to keep, and keep, and keep the\n$10. She used to send us $20 a year. But that [was] what used to be. That [is]\nfamily. It is not the $10 but the friendship.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4287.0,4307.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Going back to the war period, are there any other experiences that you\nwould like to tell about that whole four or five year ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4307.0,4317.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"period?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4317.0,4317.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: Before the war?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4317.0,4318.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PHYLLIS: During.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4318.0,4319.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: No, during the war, because you went through it in about 20, 25 minutes.\nThere must be a lot of other stories.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4319.0,4327.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: I don't know. It's just hard to remember everything. I got everything in my\nmind. It is hard for me to do that. I think --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4327.0,4336.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SON: What about --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4336.0,4337.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: I do my best what I can.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4337.0,4340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SON: -- with Noah Podberesky?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4340.0,4342.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: What about with him?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4342.0,4344.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SON: He used to run in the woods, used to bring you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4344.0,4348.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"food.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4348.0,4348.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PHYLLIS: Noah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4348.0,4349.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SON: Noah Podberesky.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4349.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GRANDDAUGHTER: Noah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4350.0,4351.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SON: Noah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4351.0,4352.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: Yeah, but what I used to do?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4352.0,4355.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SON: He used to be in the woods, Noah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4355.0,4358.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PHYLLIS: To make the Germans --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4358.0,4360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: Oh! I already told him that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4360.0,4362.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SON: No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4362.0,4363.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PHYLLIS: They don't know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4363.0,4364.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GRANDDAUGHTER: Bubbe [Yiddish: Grandma].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4364.0,4365.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: I told him. I been in the woods, I run away from the little wood, I run to\nthe little town -- I used to play in the orchestra with Noah. That's what I\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4365.0,4377.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know. Noah used to be a friend of mine. He's in Baltimore now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4377.0,4383.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: The second camp was Dachau or what?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4383.0,4387.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4387.0,4388.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Which was the first --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4388.0,4391.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: First, I used to be in Lychow [Poland]. That's where I used to work in that\nstation. Later, several -- a year, maybe a half a year, several months, they\ntake us ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4391.0,4407.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"away from that place to another place. They used to swap in the places\neach month, each five months. They used to till they bring us to Germany. That\nis all what I remember. That's just too much for me to think. I got enough in my life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4407.0,4426.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GRANDDAUGHTER: When you came to Atlanta, did you know --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4426.0,4430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: [What]?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4430.0,4431.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GRANDDAUGHTER: When you came to Atlanta, was there anyone else in Atlanta who\nwas ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4431.0,4437.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Dachau?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4437.0,4438.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PHYLLIS: No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4438.0,4439.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GRANDDAUGHTER: In Atlanta, was there anyone else?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4439.0,4442.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Sam Wise?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4442.0,4443.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: Oh, yeah, I know. I got Shmuel -- What's the name? Wise.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4443.0,4449.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SON: Sam.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4449.0,4450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GRANDDAUGHTER: Sam.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4450.0,4451.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: Shmuel Wise, I meet him--he come before--and Isaac Wise.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4451.0,4455.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PHYLLIS: They come together.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4455.0,4457.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: I have a couple people. They already dead, but when I come here, they used\nto be. One used to be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4457.0,4467.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Isaac Wise. Maybe you remember him?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4467.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PHYLLIS: Yeah, she [our granddaughter] knows.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4470.0,4473.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: Isaac Wise used to be with me in the same camp and Shmuel Wise used to be\nwith me in the same camp. When I told you they carry us to Tyrol, the hills, Sam\nWise used to be dry like that. He can't do the walking. We pick him up and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4473.0,4497.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we\nput him in a wagon. He maybe weighed 20 pounds. Do you remember him, Sam Wise?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4497.0,4504.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GRANDDAUGHTER: Of course.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4504.0,4505.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: He used to be -- He weighed 20 pounds, no more, but little by little -- He\nused to be small, too, but here, he used to say a lot of --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4505.0,4518.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PHYLLIS: A very nice guy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4518.0,4520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: -- a lot of --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4520.0,4522.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SON: Jokes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4522.0,4523.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: Jokes. He used to come in to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4523.0,4527.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Federation, talking jokes; nothing but\njokes. He used to leave me jokes. He used to work here, but after work, he used\nto tell jokes. We used to laugh [at] his jokes. His brother, Isaac Wise, used to\nsay the same thing, jokes. I used to be with them in camp, but in camp, I never\nknow him. But Sam, when we used to travel to Tyrol hills, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4527.0,4557.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he used to go, but he\nfell down. We pick him up. Nothing. You pick it up like you pick up a little\nball and throw him in the wagon. In the wagon, we used to give him -- We used to\nhave a little water, a little that, a little that. We used to give him to make\nhim a little feeling better. That is Shmuel Wise.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4557.0,4585.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: What were the qualities ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4585.0,4587.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in you? Let us go back to the early days again.\nTalk about the school that you went to and what that was like for you. Was it\nstrictly a Jewish school or everybody together?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4587.0,4600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: We used to go in a Polish school, and after the Polish school, we used to\ngo in a Hebrew school. The Hebrew school used to call Tarbut. I don't know.\n[Are] you familiar with the name Tarbut? Okay, that we used to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4600.0,4617.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"learn. The most\nwe used to learn [was] Hebrew -- and arithmetic, and that's what we used to\nlearn is the most. And [we] speak Hebrew. We used to talk just in Hebrew in the\nTarbut school, but in the Polish school, we used to talk in Polish because the\nPolish people the same thing like they [do] here, they talk ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4617.0,4647.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in English. The same\nthings what we used to do that, same thing, the same. But we used to learn a\nlittle stronger. The teachers used to be strong; not just a teacher, but a\nteacher. You know what? He know a lot about Hebrew, and about arithmetic, and\nabout everything in the world. That's what we used to learn. Later, we used to\nlearn a little Gemara. You know what ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4647.0,4677.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gemara [is]? The Bible, that is Gemara. We\nused to learn Gemara. I never read Torah. When we used to have Rabbi [Mark]\nKunis, I used to look, and he read, but he used to look in the Hebrew word.\nLater, look in Hebrew and reading in Hebrew. I just said, \"That's a little not\nnice.\" When ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4677.0,4707.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have a new rabbi, Rabbi [Hillel] Norry -- You know him, Rabbi Norry?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4707.0,4713.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SON: Norry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4713.0,4714.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: You know him?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4714.0,4716.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: [Yes].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4716.0,4717.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: He read pretty good Hebrew. I think I going to start to read in Hebrew.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4717.0,4724.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SON: Torah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4724.0,4725.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: That is maybe about five years ago. In Torah. It's five years. I look\naround and I said, \"Golly, why should I look and read, because I can't read it?\"\nI ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4725.0,4738.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can't. I started to reading. I make mistakes and the second thing is, the\nTorah say so many words, you got to stop. I got a tikkun [Hebrew: amending]. I\ncan show you what is. You want me to show you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4738.0,4756.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Maybe later.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4756.0,4757.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: A Torah, you read the Torah, but you got a stop. You read a Torah, that\nwhat is hard for me even today. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4757.0,4768.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I read the Torah today in the morning. Today is\nThursday and today is -- Yesterday [unintelligible] and today is -- You know, I\nread it today. When I read it, I read it -- Bring me that tikkun what I read the Hebrew.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4768.0,4788.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SON: Later.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4788.0,4789.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GRANDDAUGHTER: Later.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4789.0,4790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: The tikkun, the big one. When I read Torah, I read like you read in\nEnglish, I read ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4790.0,4799.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hebrew. I read today. I read that. I read today and on the\nholidays, I daven. On Rosh Chodesh, I daven. He used to daven in the AA [Ahavath\nAchim synagogue]. My brother, Max, he used to daven in the AA [on] Rosh Chodesh.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4799.0,4817.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PHYLLIS: Hallel -- daven.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4817.0,4819.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: Yeah. [On] Rosh Chodesh, you have to say Hallel. You know about Hallel?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4819.0,4825.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: [Yes].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4825.0,4826.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: Okay. Hallel, you got to sing to a different ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4826.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"song --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4830.0,4831.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PHYLLIS: Always.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4831.0,4832.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: Not like you say something, you daven. You daven straight ahead. On the\nholidays -- Rosh Chodesh, yes, got to say Hallel. Hallel -- You know what Hallel [is]?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4832.0,4845.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: [Yes].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4845.0,4846.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: Hallel is a different thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4846.0,4849.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Can you describe what you were like as a young man? What kind of a\npersonality did you have?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4849.0,4858.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: We used to -- Nothing. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4858.0,4861.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"After we used to the business, we used to have boys\ntogether, girls together. We used to go out. We used to go in a Seltzer House\n[Yiddish: carbonated drink; from German: Seltzer]. They used to call Seltzer\nwater. Here [it] is Coca-Cola. We used to go to that places, sitting, a bunch,\nfive, six people, talking together, enjoy yourself, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4861.0,4891.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"singing Hebrew songs. That's\nwhat we used to do when we used to be 15 years, 16 years, 13 years. That where\nwe used to go. We used to be a little older, we used to have older people and we\nused to do the same things. Always, we used to have a bunch of people around and\nwe used to be together. That's what we used to -- our lives used to be. We used\nto sing in Hebrew, all the songs, all the kind of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4891.0,4921.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"songs. In Hebrew, songs is\nAmerica taken over from Poland.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4921.0,4925.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: What expectation did you have for yourself if the Germans had not come in?\nWhat did you imagine your adult --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4925.0,4935.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: When the Germans coming in?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4935.0,4938.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Before.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4938.0,4939.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GRANDDAUGHTER: Before.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4939.0,4940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Before, what were you expecting to go into?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4940.0,4944.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: Pretty bad. When me, and my father, and my older brother, we go in to the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4944.0,4952.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"country, still buying cotton, or something there, everything. Later, we hear\nsomething. We have a little, bitty radio. We hear they're not far from our town.\nWe got shocked because we know what they doing. It is not a pleasure to listen\n[to]. What can you do? We can do nothing but just go ahead and can kill\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4952.0,4982.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ourselves before they going to come and kill us because we know they going to do\nthat. We know that is our danger. We think, but how you can leave the mother and\nfather and my children [of] my sisters, their grandchildren. It is -- That is\nour lives used to be. It is bad. It is pretty bad. Is not like something\nhappened -- Either you -- If they bring the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4982.0,5012.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bombs in New York and they want, how\nthe people [are] feeling? What kind of feeling they got? They got a feeling if\nthe bombs going off, they going to be killed. That's all we got. We think about\nthat every minute.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5012.0,5028.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GRANDDAUGHTER: Did you share a room with anybody?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5028.0,5031.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: You see, the things they did, the Germans, they are looking if somebody\nmarry a Gentile. I used to have a doctor, my doctor. Here, is a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5031.0,5042.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"doctor [where]\nyou got to go to the hospital or you got to go to his office. Our doctor doesn't\nhave no offices. You call him up, he come in with a little suitcase, and he got\neverything in the suitcase, and he tried to help you. You know what bankes\n[Yiddish: cupping] is? They have a little glass. If you hurt your back, they\nheat it and put on the back. That used to cure. Here, they don't do ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5042.0,5072.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that, the\nbankes. Yeah, ask her about it. She knows. They pull out the heat, the pain,\npull up out from the back. That is it. We used to have a doctor. He married a\nGentile. [He] married--a doctor, a man--married a Gentile. But you think that\nthe Germans let him be alive? No, because he got Jewish blood. The wife is a\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5072.0,5102.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gentile, but he's Jewish. They kill him. They kill him like they kill everybody.\nThey asking about that, \"Who is assimilated? Who is married, a woman to a man, a\nman to a Jewish, to a --\" They looking for that and they killed them. That is a problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5102.0,5123.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SON: If the Germans hadn't come to Poland, what do you -- Where do you think\nyour life would be today? What ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5123.0,5132.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would you be doing? What kind of business? Where\nwould you be?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5132.0,5136.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: I am too old for business in that years, but when the Germans don't come,\nwe'd been big business. We used to buy everything in the world. We used to buy\ncattle. We used to buy horses. We used to buy everything in the world and\ncotton. We used to have a big manufacturer next to the house. Money never been a\nproblem. Food never been a problem. We have everything in the world. The Germans\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5136.0,5162.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"destroyed us. The Polish people used to have a good life. They used to work for\nus. We used to buy from them. We used to -- The whole country, the Jews helped\nout, everything, to live the Polish people. Then, the Polish people never been\nmean to the Jews. When they saw the Germans coming in, they change around and\nthey help the Germans kill the Jews.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5162.0,5190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GRANDDAUGHTER: How did your dad start ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5190.0,5192.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that business?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5192.0,5193.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: What?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5193.0,5194.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GRANDDAUGHTER: How did your dad start the business?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5194.0,5197.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: How is my father started the business? That is a question, because I've\nbeen too small to know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5197.0,5204.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GRANDDAUGHTER: [Yes].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5204.0,5205.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: I've been too small to know, but when I grow up, they already have the\nbusiness. We used to have two horses in the house. We also have two [or] three --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5205.0,5217.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PHYLLIS: Cows.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5217.0,5218.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: -- cows. We never buy any milk. We never buy any butter. We never buy any\ncheese. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5218.0,5224.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Everything, we used to have in the house. We used to have a big place\nwhat the cows used to go, the horses. We used to drive and go with the horses.\nWe didn't have any cars. We don't have any. I never know what is a car till I\ngrow up. There used to be two [or] three people--Gentile people--used to have\ncars, but they used to know how to fix the cars and Jews never ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5224.0,5254.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know how to fix a\ncar. We never have a car. We have in the whole city maybe three or four cars,\nbecause later, when the Germans coming in later, the cars started to develop,\nbut we don't have any cars. If somebody's going to tell you we have cars, he's\ngoing to tell you not the truth, because I know we don't have any cars.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5254.0,5276.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PHYLLIS: Our bigger cities used to have cars.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5276.0,5279.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: Bicycles. Let me tell you. Let me tell you what happened when I been after\nthe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5279.0,5285.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"war--that's in 1945--is the Jewish Generals. They used to speak Jewish. They\ncome and I talk to them. He said, \"Your life is terrible. Here is a big German\nbicycle factory.\" He said, \"Do you want the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5285.0,5315.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"factory? I make in your name the\nfactory.\" I told them [my family about] that. They know that. I say, \"I don't\nneed the factory and I don't want to be in Germany.\" My hatred for Germany used\nto be unbelievable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5315.0,5334.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PHYLLIS: Show them your knee.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5334.0,5336.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: Okay, but what can I do? I got to live and listen what is going on. The\nAmerican ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5336.0,5345.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people go into Germany and they build them up and that is -- I am not\nthe [only] one, but [the other] hundred thousand they survived, they got the\nsame feeling in their chest about Germany. Everybody say, \"Stop to hate\nGermany.\" I say, \"What can I do? I going to hurt him or I going to love him?\"\nIt's the same thing. It's nothing going to do to me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5345.0,5374.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5374.0,5375.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wondered. During those six years from 1933 to 1939, before Germany came\nin, what did you and your family know about what was going on in Germany?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5375.0,5385.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: I just explained [to] you, we have a little radio. Me and my father, we go\naround and we see about Auschwitz.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5385.0,5393.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: But I mean, during the during the 1930s, before all that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5393.0,5397.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: No, that is it. We know what is going on in Russia, in all the big cities\nwhat is going ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5397.0,5405.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on. They got ghettos. We already know when I been small even. We\nknow already what is going on. When I've been 14 years or 15 years, we know\nthese Germans is going to hurt the Jews. We know that. We can't do ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5405.0,5435.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nothing. We\ncannot -- Some run away. I got, like I told you, a man what he used to be in\nyeshivas, he run away to Shanghai. From Shanghai, he come here to Baltimore. In\nBaltimore, he been a big man and he give -- Elon -- city of Rabonovitz. It is\nyear by year that is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5435.0,5465.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pretty bad. I tell you, it used to be bad for us, but what\ncan you do? We can't run away.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5465.0,5472.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SON: Where were you? Where were you when they came and took your parents? Where\nwere you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5472.0,5477.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: I been in jail.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5477.0,5479.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SON: They came while you were in jail?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5479.0,5482.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PHYLLIS: Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5482.0,5483.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: They -- I been in jail when they take them away and they kill everybody in Wiszniew.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5483.0,5489.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SON: Your sisters, too?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5489.0,5490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: The sisters, everybody. You know, you been in that place and you saw where\nthey kill the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5490.0,5496.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5496.0,5496.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GRANDDAUGHTER: Who told you, Zayde [Yiddish: Grandpa]?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5496.0,5499.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: How did you find out?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5499.0,5501.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: I just explained before. A man come with a big -- a horse.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5501.0,5507.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Oh, and he told everybody?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5507.0,5509.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: He come and tell us, \"You run away,\" and we run away. That's all. I already\nexplained [to] you that and that is the whole thing. It is pretty bad. It used\nto be -- Even today is not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5509.0,5525.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"right. Let me tell you something. I go every morning\nin shul. When somebody died and I have to say the El Malei Rachamim for the man\nwhat he died and that man come say kaddish for his father and mother. I said to\nhim, \"El Malei Rachamim. You go.\" When I have to go and say about the six\nmillion, it gets ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5525.0,5555.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me here [in my heart] like it gets me here when I talk to you.\nI have to stop and squeeze myself to finish, to say the El Malei Rachamim for\nthe six million.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5555.0,5570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Talk about what Jewishness means to you, having a Jewish identity. What\ndoes that mean to you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5570.0,5578.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: That is from the beginning, from my father, and my grandfather, and my\ngrand-grandfather because they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5578.0,5585.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"used to be the same. What I been, I learn from\nthem. They are really strong kosher people and they for Jews. They going to give\ntheir lives like we give their lives. They give their lives [to] the Germans\nbecause they Jews. That is our life. Me, a Jew -- When I look in the paper who\ndied, in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5585.0,5615.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the newspaper, and when I look straight [down] the Jews who have died,\nit just hurts me because a Jew died. A Gentile died, [I think,] \"Okay. He died.\"\nA Gentile is a difference like a Jew. [It] is a difference. [It] is not the\nsame. Like, we got here one man. What's his name? He is a black ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5615.0,5645.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"man.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5645.0,5646.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GRANDDAUGHTER: At your synagogue? At Shearith Israel?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5646.0,5650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: What?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5650.0,5651.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GRANDDAUGHTER: At Shearith Israel?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5651.0,5653.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: No. You know. What's his name? He talk all the time against the Jews.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5653.0,5662.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: [Louis] Farrakhan?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5662.0,5664.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: Farrakhan! That man, a Jewish doctor helped him. He have a heart attack. He\ngot -- Is a Jewish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5664.0,5676.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"doctor helping him because he fixing to die. A Jewish doctor\nhelp a mamzer [Yiddish: bastard]. We call a 'mamzer.' You know what a mamzer [is]?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5676.0,5686.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: [No].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5686.0,5687.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: Okay, if you don't know, I'm not gonna tell you. He help him. When he go\nout and talk about Jewish, about Jews, he gets me a little upset. Why America\nlet him do that? Why America let him go have a station and in the back stay a\nbig man [to] watch ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5687.0,5707.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him? It's pretty bad. I don't believe in that. But what can I\ndo? I'm too little for that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5707.0,5717.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: What would you want your children and grandchildren to learn from what you experienced?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5717.0,5725.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: I can't tell them nothing what they going to -- I want he been hold the\nJewish religion. That's what I want my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5725.0,5737.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grandchildren, my sons -- You know the\nolder son what he left here? He reads the Torah on Yom Kippur. He reads the\nTorah, and he comes to the shul all the time, to the AA. And they [my\ngrandchildren] busy now in the colleges. I don't know. They far out. But I want\nthem to be Jews. That's all. Really Jewish; not just a Jew what he ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5737.0,5767.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"come -- I got\npeople what they come in the shul. They don't know how to put tefillin [on]. We\ngot to teach them. We got to learn them. Because why he come? His father died,\nthe mother died, his wife died, a child died. He come to services in the morning\nto the minyan. I've been in the minyan already 30 years. Every day, I never -- I\nnever skip. Yesterday, I skip. You know ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5767.0,5797.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"why? Because I have to go to the doctor.\nBut if not, I don't skip. Every day. That's my life. Every morning I go and pick\nher up. We go for a walk. I been walking every day for 20, 30 years in Lenox. We\ndrink a cup of coffee, we eat a bagel, and later, I go to my business. I got\nstill a little business.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5797.0,5823.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: What do you expect will be the future as far ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5823.0,5827.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as the Jewish people go, and\nthe Middle East, and all of that? Where do you see it going?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5827.0,5837.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: The Middle East is okay. The Jews can handle every -- two animals, Syria\nand Iran. That two that is pretty bad for Israel. But if they going to start it\nwith Israel and the Russians around ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5837.0,5857.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"started, and all the countries around Iran\ngoing to be, it's pretty bad. But Israel have something for them, to show them\nand learn them. Israel can do something a lot. You know that, too, and everybody\nknow. We better have to [keep our] mouth shut, talking too much about Israel\nwhat they got everything, but Israel is strong like a fire. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5857.0,5887.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Israel is strong\nbecause we support them. By me, Israel is in [my] heart. I got my brother's\nchildren, nephews I got in Israel, and I got cousins, and I got friends what\nthey been from Wiszniew--big people; not little; big people all are by [in]\nIsrael. That is my heart--with Israel and with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5887.0,5917.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"America. That's all. And the\nheart is by me now for my grandchildren, for my children, and for my family.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5917.0,5924.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Is there anything else you would like to add that we have not asked about?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5924.0,5929.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: No, that's about all. I don't know what else.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5929.0,5932.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GRANDDAUGHTER: I have a question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5932.0,5934.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: You ask. Come on. Louder.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5934.0,5936.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GRANDDAUGHTER: Okay. When you had Daddy, Uncle Mo, and Jacob, when you were\nyounger, would you talk to them when they were boys about the war?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5936.0,5944.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: About the war, no.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5944.0,5946.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GRANDDAUGHTER: When your boys ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5946.0,5947.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were young, would you tell them?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5947.0,5949.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: Not much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5949.0,5950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GRANDDAUGHTER: Did they ask you questions about your parents, and their Bubbe,\nand --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5950.0,5955.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: You used to ask me more than they all [did]. I used to been with the\nchildren. It's hard for me to talk with my children. But we used to go all the\ntime. We used to go to Miami. When they was little, we used to sing in Hebrew\nschools on the way. They used to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5955.0,5976.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"help me a lot, but about Germany, what\nhappened, I never talked with them too much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5976.0,5984.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: How do you suppose all that affected you throughout your life?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5984.0,5990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: It's affect a lot. It [did] not just affect in my hearing, it affected a\nlot, but I can't help it. When I [was] a young man, is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5990.0,6005.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"different. But I am\nalready in the 90s. I am 90 years old. September the 9th, 1919 is -- I am 91,\ngoing to be in September. That is [why] I got to let it out a little what I got.\nOne thing, when I come in shul and I have to make the El Malei Rachamim, this\nkill me. That stop me and I don't know why I can't finish.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=6005.0,6032.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: How do you suppose you are ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=6032.0,6035.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"different from other Jewish people your own age\nwho did not go through that? How are you different?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=6035.0,6042.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: I don't know. They the same thing. They got -- They the same suffer like\nme, but some take it a little more [to heart] and some take it a little not so\nmuch because they tried to forget. When I don't go, I don't have the El Malei\nRachamim in the shul, I maybe going to forget ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=6042.0,6065.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more. The thing is, when I go in,\nwhen I daven, I daven with Kavanah [Hebrew: to pray with focus or intent]. You\nknow what Kavanah [is]? She know what Kavanah [is].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=6065.0,6075.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: I daven with Yiddisher kop [Yiddish: Jewish head], you know?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=6075.0,6079.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Intent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=6079.0,6080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Intent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=6080.0,6081.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: When I say something, [there] is a difference like anybody, because I learn\ntoo much in the Hebrew, in the old country, and I know what is it. I used to be\na small boy. I still used to go in the shul with my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=6081.0,6096.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"father. And that --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=6096.0,6098.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Did the war change your faith in any way or what --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=6098.0,6104.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: Changed my faith to what?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=6104.0,6107.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Did it affect how you believe?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=6107.0,6110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: I believe and I going to die like that. Nobody can persuade me. Even though\nI suffered so much, but I still going to die like a Yid [Yiddish: Jew], because\nmy father, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=6110.0,6126.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Zayde, and grand-grandfather, they used to be really religion,\nYiddisher. That's what I am and that's what I going to be.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=6126.0,6142.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Thank you for telling us your story.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=6142.0,6148.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: Okay. You welcome.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=6148.0,6151.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PHYLLIS: Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=6151.0,6152.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/transcript/69061/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABE: Can I come in sometime?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=6152.0,6156.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe “German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact” of August 1939, also called the “Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact” was a short-lived agreement between the Soviets and Germans in which they agreed to not attack one another and to divide Poland. German troops invaded Poland from the west on September 1, 1939. Soviet troops invaded from the east on September 17. By September 28, Germany and the Soviet Union had reached an agreement partitioning Poland and outlining their zones of occupation. The demarcation line between German- and Soviet-occupied zones ran along the Bug River, between Krakow and Lvov. Soviet forces occupied eastern Poland, where Abe’s hometown of Wiszniew was, until June 22, 1941, when the Germans invaded the Soviet Union in a military campaign codenamed “Operation Barbarossa.” The Germans arrived in Wiszniew on June 26-27, 1941.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAbe was born in Wiszniew (also known as Vishnevo or Vishnevo), a town located almost 100 kilometers (60 miles) west-northwest of Minsk, near the border of Lithuania. Until 1939, it was part of Poland. Today, it is known as Vishneva and is part of Belarus. On the eve of World War II, around 700 Jews lived in Wiszniew. After the Germans invaded western Poland in 1939, refugees fled east and the town’s Jewish population swelled to nearly 2,000. The Germans arrived in Wiszniew on June 26-27, 1941.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn August 1941, a rumor spread through Wiszniew that 80 men were going to be executed. Despite an attempt to bribe the Germans, the men were taken to the cemetery and forced to dig a pit. The next day, 38 Jewish males were shot and dumped in the grave. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTefillin\u003cbr\u003e, also called “phylacteries,” are a set of small black leather boxes containing scrolls of parchment inscribed with verses from the Torah, which are worn by observant Jews during weekday morning prayers. They are worn around the arm, hand and fingers and on the forehead in a process called lehani’ach tefillin [Hebrew: bind tefillin]. The Torah commands they should be worn as a “sign” and “remembrance” that G-d brought the children of Israel out of Egypt.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA tallit is a prayer shawl fringed at each of the four corners in accordance with biblical law. The wearing of tallit at worship is obligatory only for married men, but it is customarily worn also by males of bar mitzvah age and older. In non-Orthodox congregations, women may also wear the tallit if they so choose.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Germans created a ghetto in Wiszniew in the fall of 1941. Over 1,000 Jews were confined to a small area, with seven or eight families per house. The ghetto was surrounded by a wooden fence and barbed wire, with only one entry. The only Jews permitted to leave the Wiszniew ghetto were those sent to one of 28 separate locations for forced labor.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=480.0,494.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSoldiers surrounded the Wiszniew ghetto in the early morning hours of August 30, 1942 and forced the Jews into the courtyard of the synagogue, where they were made to lay face down. Groups of about 20 or 30 were then taken to a building on the edge of town, lined up against the wall of the building, and mowed down with a machine gun. Survivors estimate somewhere around 1,000 Jews were shot. The rest were locked inside the building as it was set on fire. In total, about 1,500 Jews were murdered. Only a work detail that was away from town that day and a handful of others, including Abe, managed to escape.    \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKreva (also known as Polish: Krewo or Yiddish: Kreve) is a village in present day Belarus, near the Polish border. It is approximately 12 miles (19 kilometers) northeast of Wisniew. On the eve of World War II, about 150 Jews lived in the village. The Germans occupied the town on September 25, 1941 and the Jews were confined to a ghetto by October. By early October 1942, all of the Jews in Kreva that remained alive had been transferred to other ghettos or labor camps.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDanzig is the German name for a Polish port city on the Baltic Sea. Today it is known as Gdansk. Over the centuries, it passed back and forth between Germany and Poland. After World War I, it was designated a “free city” that did not belong to any specific country, however 96 percent of it population was German and increasing antisemitism caused most of the 4,000 Jews in Danzig to emigrate during the 1930s. When World War II began in 1939, only 1,600 Jews remained. Emigration was allowed to continue until the end of 1940. In February 1941, the remaining 600 Jews were deported to camps in Poland. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eStutthof was a concentration camp established in September 1939 near Danzig (present-day Gdansk (Poland)), on the Baltic Sea. There were a series of sub-camps attached to the main camp, which acted as a reserve for slave labor for the others. By January 1942, Stutthof was designated a concentration camp. The Stutthof prisoners were compelled to work for DAW (German Armament Works), in local brickyards, in agriculture, or in the camp's own workshops. Starting in 1944 the prisoners began to work at Focke-Wulff airplane factory, which was built in Stutthof. In June 1944, during liquidation of the Jewish labor camps throughout the Baltic, those who passed the selection were brought to Stutthof. Those whom the SS guards judged too weak to work were gassed in the camp's gas chamber. There were also transports of Hungarian Jews to Stutthof from Auschwitz and Plaszow. A total of 47,101 Jews, mostly women, arrived between June 29, 1944, and Oct 14, 1944, including 22,268 from Auschwitz, 15,851 from Riga, and 8,982 from Kovno (Kaunas). Designed to hold 20,000 prisoners, by July 1944, Stutthof held over 60,000. Conditions were brutal. Stutthof became the center for approximately 100 subsidiary camps. Of the 115,000 prisoners who passed through, 22,000 were transferred to other camps and 65,000 were murdered. When the Soviet army liberated Stutthof on May 9, 1945, only 200 inmates remained.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEstablished on March 22, 1933, Dachau was the first concentration camp established by the Nazi regime. It was located in southern Germany near the town of Dachau, about 10 miles northwest of Munich. Over 188,000 prisoners passed through Dachau between 1933 and 1945. Prisoners at Dachau were used as forced laborers and tens of thousands were literally worked to death. The Dachau concentration camp operated a vast network of 140 subcamps. Most of these subcamps were in southern Bavaria, in close proximity to armaments factories. Just three days before the liberation of the Dachau camp, the SS forced approximately 7,000 prisoners south on a death march south toward the Alps. During the six-day death march, anyone who could not keep up or continue was shot. Many others died of exposure, hunger, or exhaustion. Surviving prisoners reached Tegernsee on May 2, 1945 and were soon liberated by American troops. American troops liberated the camp itself on April 29, 1945.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAbe was sent to the Dachau subcamp of Kaufering. Kaufering is a village about 3 miles (5 kilometers) from Landsberg am Lech in Germany. The Kaufering concentration camp first opened in June 1944 and would become the largest of the Dachau subcamps. By the end of 1944, Kaufering included eleven camps in the area and by April 1945, some 30,000 male and female were in the camps. Prisoners were primarily Jews from eastern Europe, with smaller groups from western Europe and the Island of Rhodes. Prisoners were employed by Organization Todt to build railway lines and underground bunkers for the production of fighter planes. The camps varied in size from a few hundred to as many as 4,000 prisoners housed in a variety of inadequate shelters such as plywood tents or earthen huts. Inadequate living conditions, brutal working conditions and meager rations resulted in widespread illnesses like typhus and tuberculosis. The appalling conditions combined with executions and deportations to Auschwitz, led to approximately 1 in 2 of the 30,000 prisoners dying. In April 1945, the Kaufering camps were evacuated. Some prisoners were sent to Dachau and soon liberated, but others were forced on a death march and freed only in May.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe SS or Schutzstaffel was a major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party. It began at the end of 1920 as a small, permanent guard unit known as the “Saal-Schutz” made up of Nazi Party volunteers to provide security for party meetings in Munich. Later, in 1925, Heinrich Himmler joined the unit, which had by then been reformed and renamed the “Schutz-Staffel.” Under Himmler’s leadership, it grew from a small paramilitary formation to one of the largest and most powerful organizations in the Third Reich. Under Himmler’s command, it was responsible for many of the crimes against humanity during World War II. Among other activities, black-shirted SS men served as guards at labor and concentration camps.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=1654.0,1663.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTyrol is a state in western Austria and an historical region in the middle alpine area of Central Europe. It is located just over the southern border of Germany, about 150 kilometers from Dachau. In late April 1945, the Germans sent prisoners from Dachau south on a death march to Tegernsee, a Bavarian town in the far south of Germany, approaching the Austrian border and Tyrol. Many died during the death march from hunger, cold, or exhaustion. Anyone who could no longer continue was shot. In early May 1945, American forces liberated the prisoners who had been sent on the death march.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLiberators confronted unspeakable conditions in the camps. Piles of corpses often lay unburied, and survivors were so weak, emaciated, or sick that thousands died in the weeks after liberation. After liberation, camp survivors faced a long and difficult road to recovery. Well-meaning soldiers, volunteers or locals without proper medical training often gave survivors foods that made their conditions worse. Eating foods that were too rich or complex for survivors’ bodies to handle could exasperate years of malnutrition and starvation, resulting in sickness or death. Although army medical units did the best they could, numerous survivors died in the hours, days, and weeks immediately following liberation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eInitially, the Allies herded Jewish DPs and non-Jewish DPs together, but conflicts arose. The need to recognize Jews as a unique and stateless group of DPs was urgent, and became obvious to the Americans. Feldafing was the first all-Jewish displaced persons camp, and hosted a large and important community of survivors. It was originally a summer camp for Hitler Youth, and was located 20 miles southwest of Munich, Germany in the American zone of occupation. The camp was opened on May 1, 1945 to house 3,000 Hungarian Jews, and it housed many non-Jewish concentration camp survivors until July 1945. At that time, the United States Army moved the remaining Jewish survivors of Dachau into the camp. In autumn 1945, the first all-Jewish hospital in the German DP camps was founded at Feldafing. Educational and religious life flourished there. In addition to secular elementary and high schools, the camp’s religious community founded several schools. It also had a rabbinical council that supported its religious office, and an extensive library. In Feldafing, 450 children and adolescents were housed in a separate block known as the Kindercasion or kinderblock [Kinder is German for “Children”]. Many of the youngsters in the kinderblock organized kibbutzim (Zionist communes). Newspapers were published. Theater groups and orchestras entertained camp residents.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA Jewish Federation (often known as the \"Federation\" or the \"Fed\") is the secular primary Jewish nonprofit organization found within most metropolitan areas (or sometimes states) in North America that host a substantial Jewish community. Their broad purpose is to provide \"human services,\" generally, but not exclusively, to the local Jewish community. All federations at least operate an annual central campaign then allocate the proceeds to affiliated local agencies. There are 148 Jewish Federations. The national umbrella organization for the federations is the Jewish Federations of North America.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) was founded in 1943. Its mission was to provide economic assistance to European nations after World War II and to repatriate and assist the refugees who would come under Allied control. UNRRA managed hundreds of displaced persons camps in Germany, Italy, and Austria and played a major role in repatriating survivors to their home countries. It largely shut down operations in 1947.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1904, Congregation Shearith Israel began as a congregation that met in the homes of congregants until 1906 when they began using a Methodist church on Hunter Street. After World War II, Rabbi Tobias Geffen moved the congregation to University Drive, where it became the first synagogue in DeKalb County. In the 1960s, they removed the barrier between the men’s and women’s sections in the sanctuary, and officially became affiliated with the Conservative movement in 2002.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2431.0,2461.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Betar Movement is a revisionist Zionist youth movement founded in 1923 in Riga, Latvia by Vladimir Jabotinsky. It was one of the most militant and nationalistic of the Jewish youth movements in Europe. Chapters sprung up across Europe.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2708.0,2728.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHashomer Hatzair or Ha-Shomer ha-Tsa‘ir [Hebrew: The Youth Guard] is a Socialist-Zionist youth movement founded in 1913 in Galicia, Austria-Hungary (later Poland). Hashomer Hatzair believed that the liberation of Jewish youth could be accomplished by aliyah (immigration) to Palestine and living in kibbutzim. In 1939, Hashomer Hatzair had 70,000 members worldwide. After World War II began, its members focused on resistance against the Germans. After the war, it participated in organizing illegal immigration of Jewish refugees to Palestine. It is the oldest Zionist youth movement still in existence and is based in Israel with about 7,000 members worldwide. Today, it is more of a scouting-type organization.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2708.0,2728.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYehoshua Rabinovitz (1911-1979) was an Israeli politician who served as a government minister and mayor of Tel Aviv. Born in Vishneva in present day Belarus, Rabinovitz moved to Palestine in 1934. While attending a funeral in 1979, Rabinovitz suffered a heart attack and died shortly after. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2742.0,2762.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShimon Peres (born Szymon Perski; 1923-2016) was an Israeli politician who served as the ninth President of Israel (2007–2014), the Prime Minister of Israel (twice), and the Interim Prime Minister, in the 1970s to the 1990s. He was a member of twelve cabinets and represented five political parties in a political career spanning 70 years. Peres was elected to the Knesset in November 1959 and except for a three-month-long hiatus in early 2006, was in office continuously until he was elected President in 2007. At the time of his retirement in 2014, he was the world's oldest head of state and was considered the last link to Israel's founding generation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2742.0,2762.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYarkon Park in Tel Aviv, officially named “Ganaie Yehoshua” [Hebrew: Yehoshua Gardens] is named for Yehoshua Rabinovitz.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2806.0,2822.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRadun (Polish; also known as Yiddish: Radin and Polish: Radun) is a farming village in present day Belarus. Before World War II, it was Polish and home to a sizeable Jewish population. Radun was widely known for its Yeshiva, founded in 1869 by Rabbi Israel Meir Kagan, the Chofetz Chaim.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2840.0,2853.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYeshiva [Hebrew: sitting] is a Jewish educational institution for religious instruction that is equivalent to high school. It also refers to a Talmudic college for unmarried male students from their teenage years to their early twenties.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2840.0,2853.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVolozhin (also known as Polish: Wolozyn or Belarusian: Valozhyn) is a town in present day Belarus, about midway between Vilnius, Lithuania and Minsk, Belarus. It is about 13 miles (21 kilometers) east of\u003cbr\u003e Wiszniew. In 1939, the Jewish population was around 3,000. Volzhin was home to three synagogues, several Zionist organizations, and numerous Hebrew and religious schools, including a yeshiva founded by Chofetz Chaim, who was from the town. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2840.0,2853.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMoshe Mordechai Epstein (1866-1933) was born in the town of Bakst, in the Vilna district of Lithuania to Rabbi Tzvi Chaim and Baila Chana Epstein. Rabbi Epstein was rosh yeshiva of Yeshiva Knesset Israel in Slobodka, Lithuania and is recognized as having been one of the leading Talmudists of the twentieth century. He is also one of the founders of the city of Hadera, Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2853.0,2883.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKnown popularly as the Chofetz Chaim, Israel Meir Kagan (1838-1933), was a Talmudist, rabbi, and prolific writer. His first work, Chofetz Chaim [Hebrew: desires life], was an attempt to organize and clarify laws regarding evil talk and gossip.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2853.0,2883.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVilnius [Polish: Wilno; Russian: Vilna] is the largest city in and capital of Lithuania. Over the centuries, the city had changed hands many times, but was part of Poland from 1920 until World War II. On the eve of World War II, Vilna had a population of 200,000, about 40 percent (55,000) of whom were Jewish. Vilna was a significant center of Jewish cultural, economic, and intellectual life known by some as the “Jerusalem of the North.” The city was home to over 100 synagogues, a variety of Jewish educational institutions, numerous Yiddish newspapers, Zionist organizations.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2853.0,2883.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRakow is a village in central Poland, approximately 320 miles (519 kilometers) from Wiszniew.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=2942.0,2972.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWolf Durmashkin (1914-1944) was a Jewish composer and pianist in Vilna, Poland (now Vilnius, Lithuania). He was also the youngest conductor of the Vilna Symphony Orchestra before World War II. He organized an orchestra and choir while in the Vilna Ghetto. He was murdered in Estonia in September 1944.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3032.0,3062.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRosh HaShanah [Hebrew: head of the year] begins the cycle of High Holy Days. It introduces the Ten Days of Penitence, when Jews examine their souls and take stock of their actions. On the tenth day is Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement. The tradition is that on Rosh HaShanah, G-d sits in judgment on humanity. Then the fate of every living creature is inscribed in the Book of Life or the Book of Death. Prayer and repentance before the sealing of the books on Yom Kippur may revoke these decisions.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3062.0,3092.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYom Kippur [Hebrew: “day of atonement”] The most sacred day of the Jewish year. Yom Kippur is a 25-hour fast day. Most of the day is spent in prayer, reciting yizkor for deceased relatives, confessing sins, requesting divine forgiveness, and listening to Torah readings and sermons. People greet each other with the wish that they may be sealed in the heavenly book for a good year ahead. The day ends with the blowing of the shofar (a ram’s horn).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3062.0,3092.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDavening is the act of reciting Jewish liturgical prayers during which the prayer sways or rocks lightly.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3062.0,3092.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJosef “Yossele” Rosenblatt (1882-1933) was a cantor and composer born in present day Ukraine. He is often regarded as the greatest cantor of his time.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3092.0,3122.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMoshe Koussevitzky (1899-1966) was a cantor and vocalist born in present-day Belarus. After World War I, he became to cantor of Vilna’s Great Synagogue. He survived the Second World War by fleeing to Soviet Russia and moved to the United States in 1947. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3092.0,3122.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 1980, a Soviet memorial was built on the site of the mass grave where the Jews killed in the liquidation of the Wiszniew ghetto were buried. It described those killed as “Soviet citizens who were brutally tortured to death by the fascist executioners.” In 1996 and 2005, plaques were added by victim’s families that are in Hebrew and English. When the Jewish cemetery in Wiszniew was rediscovered in the early 1990s, it was overgrown with trees and brush and only the tops of gravestones were visible. In the mid 2000s, a memorial was installed in the cemetery at the mass grave of the 38 people shot in 1941. Writing in Belarusian, Russian, and Hebrew identifies the victims as Jewish.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3423.0,3453.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeneral Dwight D. Eisenhower (1890-1969) was born to a Mennonite family in Texas. He served as Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces in Europe during World War II. He was responsible for the invasion of North Africa in 1942-43 and the invasion of France and Germany 1944-1945. General Dwight D. Eisenhower personally inspected the living conditions of Feldafing in September 1945. Although of German descent, he is not known to have spoken German. After the war, he went on to become the first Supreme Commander of NATO and the 34th President of the United States, serving from 1953-1961.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3554.0,3573.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Forward, formerly known as The Jewish Daily Forward, is an American news media organization for a Jewish-American audience. Founded in 1897 as a Yiddish-language daily socialist newspaper, The New York Times reported that Seth Lipsky \"started an English-language offshoot of the Yiddish-language newspaper\" as a weekly newspaper in 1990. In the 21st century, The Forward is a digital publication with online reporting. In 2016, the publication of the Yiddish version changed its print format from a bi-weekly newspaper to a monthly magazine; the English weekly newspaper followed suit in 2017. Those magazines were published until 2019.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3603.0,3616.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWhen hostilities ended on May 8, 1945 in Europe, as many as 100,000 Jewish survivors found themselves among the 7,000,000 uprooted and homeless people classified as displaced persons (DPs). In a chaotic six-month period, 6,000,000 non-Jewish DPs, who had been deported to Germany as forced laborers for the Nazis, wandered through Germany and Eastern Europe toward their homelands. The liberated Jews, who were plagued by illness and exhaustion, emerged from concentration camps and hiding places to discover a world in which they had no place. Bereft of home and family, and reluctant to return to their pre-war homelands, these Jews were joined in a matter of months by more than 150,000 other Jews fleeing fierce antisemitism in Poland, Hungary, Romania and Russia. Allied forces established temporary facilities (DP camps) across Germany, Austria, and Italy to house DPs. Often, shelter was improvised and DPs found themselves housed in everything from former military barracks, summer camps and airports to castles, hotels and even private homes. Refugees were given some authority to manage their own affairs and some survivors began to establish new political and cultural lives. Many DPs married and started families while in the camps. From 1945 to 1952, more than 250,000 Jewish displaced persons lived in camps and urban centers in Germany, Austria, and Italy. Allied authorities and the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) administered these facilities. Displaced Jews registered with various aid agencies like UNRRA (United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration), the IRO (International Refugee Organization), or the British Red Cross’ Central Tracing Bureau (which would later be renamed the International Tracing Service) in the hopes of reconnecting with their families. Eventually, DPs were repatriated to their home countries, reestablished themselves in new countries or immigrated outside of Europe. Most of the DP camps were closed by 1950.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3664.0,3673.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDespite their antisemitic rhetoric, there were Jewish organizations in Germany that supported the Nazi Party. \u003cbr\u003eThe Verband Nationaldeutsche Juden\u003cbr\u003e[German: Association of German National Jews] was founded in 1921 and had around 6,000 members at its peak. Founded by Jewish university students in 1933, \u003cbr\u003eDer Deutsche Vortrupp\u003cbr\u003e [German: The German Vanguard] had around 150 followers. Both groups viewed Zionism as a threat to assimilation, falsely believing the Nazi Party’s extreme nationalism would permit German Jews to fully assimilate into German society. Despite such organizations, however, the majority of German Jews were not supportive of the Nazi Party. In fact, when Hitler was appointed chancellor in January 1933 as part of a coalition government, the Nazi Party had only received 37 percent of the votes. In January 1933, the Jewish population of Germany was approximately 523,000, which was less than one percent of the population. Any Jewish votes would not have been enough to influence the election and an estimated 37,000 had emigrated by the end of 1933, further reducing their electoral presence. When President Paul von Hindenburg died in 1934, Germans voted whether to combine the office of President and Chancellor into one, essentially giving Hitler total power. Widespread intimidation did influence many voters, which likely included some Jews, to agree or not vote at all. Electoral fraud further secured Hitler and the Nazi Party’s rise to absolute power.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3841.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAdolf Hitler (1889-1945) was a German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and Führer (“leader”) of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator of Nazi Germany, he initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939 and was a central figure of the Holocaust. His ancestry has long been a source of controversy and intense speculation. Because his father was illegitimate—his father was not known—rumors existed even during his life that his paternal grandfather could be Jewish.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3841.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBarack Hussein Obama II (1961- ) was the 44th President of the United States, serving two consecutive terms from 2009-2016. In 2009, Obama had called for an end to Israeli construction in settlements and in east Jerusalem and attempted to negotiate a two state solution to Israeli-Palestinian conflicts. Negotiations stalled in 2010. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=3959.0,3989.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eUlm is a city in southern Germany, which was in the American zone of occupation after World War II. A Displaced Persons camp was established there in 1945, which included five camps total, as 6,000-7,000 DPs were housed in a former Wehrmacht barracks and in requisitioned private homes. Most of the inhabitants were from Poland, Hungary and the Soviet Union. The camp was administered largely by the DPs, who established their own police force and ran a school. An ORT school also operated in Ulm. The camp was closed in June 1950.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4041.0,4049.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYiddish is the common historical language of Ashkenazi Jews from Central and Eastern Europe. It is heavily Germanic based but uses the Hebrew alphabet. The language was spoken or understood as a common tongue for many European Jews up until the middle of the twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4079.0,4109.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA kitel [Yiddish: gown] is a white robe traditionally worn by the Ashkenazim. Men traditionally wear it, although some women do wear it today. The robe is worn over one’s clothing and is adorned by a white belt and lace collar. While the kitel used to be worn every Shabbat for services, today it is only worn on High Holy Days and special occasions.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4182.0,4184.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNoah Podberesky and his future wife, Mina Milikowsky, were from Wiszniew. They escaped the liquidation of the ghetto and went on to fight with partisans. After the war, they came to the United States and lived in Baltimore, Maryland for many years. Their story is told in Podberesky, Samuel. Never The Last Road. College Station, Texas: Virtualbookworm.com Publishing, 2003. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4340.0,4342.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLychow is a village south of Warsaw, in east-central Poland.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4391.0,4407.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIsaac Wise (b. Izchak Visgardiski, 1910-2002) was one of six children born to a Jewish family in Vandziogala, Lithuania. He was relocated to the Kovno Ghetto during World War II and later deported to Nazi concentration camps, including Dachau in Germany. Isaac, one brother (Sam), and both of their wives survived the Holocaust and later immigrated to the United States, settling in Atlanta, Georgia. The Wise family’s testimonies and papers are housed at the Breman Museum’s The Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4451.0,4455.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSam Wise (b. Smerel Visgardiski, 1914-2003) was one of six children born to a Jewish family in Vandziogala, Lithuania. He was relocated to the Kovno Ghetto during World War II and later deported to Nazi concentration camps, including Dachau in Germany. Sam, one brother (Isaac), and both of their wives survived the Holocaust and later immigrated to the United States, settling in Atlanta, Georgia. The Wise family’s testimonies and papers are housed at the Breman Museum’s The Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4473.0,4497.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Tarbut movement was a network of secular, Hebrew-language schools in part of the former Jewish Pale of Settlement, specifically in Poland, Romania, and Lithuania. Its existence was primarily between World War I and World War II, although some schools affiliated with the movement continue to operate today.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4600.0,4617.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Talmud [Hebrew: study] is the legal code spanning 1,000 years. Based on the teachings of the Bible, the Talmudinterprets biblical laws and commandments. It also contains a rich store of historic facts and traditions.  It has two divisions: the Mishnah and the Gemara. The Mishnah is the interpretation of Biblical law. The Gemara is a commentary on the Mishnah by a group of later scholars.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4647.0,4677.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Mark Hillel Kunis is the head of Congregation Shaarei Shamayim in Atlanta. He was previously the rabbi for Congregation Shearith Israel in Atlanta from 1989 to 2002. Rabbi Kunis has been a former President of the Atlanta Rabbinical Association, the founder of MORASHA, The Rabbinic Fellowship of the Union for Traditional Judaism and President of the Federation of Traditional Orthodox Rabbis.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4677.0,4707.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHillel Norry (b. 1965) is a Conservative rabbi born in Rochester, New York. In 2002, Norry became Senior Rabbi of Congregation Shearith Israel in Atlanta, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4707.0,4713.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA tikkun kor'im or tiqqun qor'im is a study guide used when preparing to chant a Torah reading. The tikkun has two renditions of the reading. On one side of the page is the Hebrew text. On the other side of the page, cantillation marks and vowel points are added to the Hebrew text. Thetikkun assists people who chant from the Torah in learning the tune and intended pronunciation of words.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4738.0,4756.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAhavath Achim Synagogue (often referred to as \"AA\") was founded as an Orthodox congregation in 1887 in a small room on Gilmer Street. In 1901 they moved to a permanent building at the corner of Piedmont Avenue and Gilmer Street. In 1921, the congregation constructed a synagogue at Washington Street and Woodward Avenue. It joined the Conservative movement in 1952. The final service in the Washington Street building was held in 1958 to make way for construction of the Downtown Connector (the concurrent section of Interstate 75 and Interstate 85 through Atlanta). The synagogue moved to its current location on Peachtree Battle Avenue in 1958. As of 2022, Ahavath Achim is the largest Conservative synagogue in the Atlanta area.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4799.0,4817.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRosh Chodesh or Rosh Hodesh (Hebrew) is the name for the first day of every month in the Hebrew calendar, marked by the birth of a new moon. It is considered a minor holiday.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4799.0,4817.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHallel [Hebrew: praise] is a prayer of thanksgiving added to the morning service on festive Jewish holidays.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=4819.0,4825.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGershon Podzelber was the Jewish doctor in Wiszniew. Witnesses claimed the non-Jewish Poles in Wiszniew tried to save him during the liquidation of the ghetto, but the Germans refused.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5031.0,5042.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIt is unknown who Abe is referring to. There were many Jews who served in the American Army.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5285.0,5315.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAuschwitz-Birkenau was a network of camps built and operated by Germany just outside the Polish town of Oswiecem (renamed “Auschwitz” by the Germans) in Polish areas annexed by Germany during World War II. Auschwitz was a complex of camps: the Main Camp (Auschwitz I), Auschwitz-Birkenau (Auschwitz II) and Monowitz (Auschwitz III). Many smaller sub-camps were attached to the complex, which drew their labor from the Main Camp and Auschwitz-Birkenau. It is estimated that the SS and police deported at a minimum 1.3 million people (approximately 1.1 million of which were Jews) to the Auschwitz-Birkenau complex between 1940 and 1945. Camp authorities murdered 1.1 million of these prisoners. The Main Camp opened in June 1940, so it is possible Abe and his father had heard about it.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5385.0,5393.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShanghai is a city located in east China at the mouth of the Yangtze River. In the 1930’s and the early 1940’s, Shanghai, China was an open city. It did not require visas or certificates of good conduct from Jewish immigrants. This leniency in immigration allowed between 15,000 to 18,000 European Jews fleeing Nazi racial policies and violence to find refuge there. As World War II intensified, the Jews in Shanghai were confined to a ghetto, but Japanese officials refused to hand them over to the Germans, allowing the majority to survive World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5435.0,5465.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe total Jewish population of Europe in 1933 was estimated at about 9.5 million, which was more than 60 percent of the world’s Jewish population. Most European Jews lived in eastern Europe, with about 5.5 million Jews living in Poland and the Soviet Union. By the time the Holocaust and World War II had ended over a decade later, most European Jews—two out of every three—were dead. The best and most commonly accepted estimate of Jewish victims is six million, with approximately three million of those from Poland and 1,340,000 of those from the Soviet Union. The Holocaust is the best documented case of genocide, yet calculating how many individuals were killed during the Holocaust and World War II as a result of Nazi policies is difficult as no single document exists which spells out how many died. To accurately estimate the extent of human losses, scholars, governmental agencies and Jewish organizations since the 1940s have relied on a variety of records including census reports, captured archives, and postwar investigations. The best and most commonly accepted estimate of Jewish victims is six million. Among the estimated six million Jews killed during the Holocaust, Germany and its collaborators killed around 1.5 million Jewish children. Tens of thousands of Romani, between 5,000 and 7,000 German children with physical and mental abilities living in institutions, as well as many Polish children and children living in the German-occupied Soviet Union were also killed during the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5525.0,5555.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKaddish [Hebrew: holy] is a hymn of praises to G-d found in the Jewish prayer service that is recited aloud while standing. The central theme of the Kaddish is the magnification and sanctification of G-d's name. Along with the Shema and Amidah, the Kaddish is one of the most important and central elements in the Jewish liturgy. Mourner's Kaddish is said at all prayer services and certain other occasions. Following the death of a parent, child, spouse, or sibling it is customary to recite the Mourner's Kaddish in the presence of a congregation daily for 30 days, or 11 months in the case of a parent, and then at every anniversary of the death. It is important to note that the Mourner's Kaddish does not mention death at all, but instead praises G-d.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5525.0,5555.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEl Malei Rachamim [Hebrew: G-d full of mercy or compassion] is a Jewish prayer for the soul of a person who has died, usually recited at the graveside during the burial service and at memorial services during the year.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818#t=5525.0,5555.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/132851/file/247818/annotation_set/1431/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKashrut is a set of dietary laws dealing with the foods that Jews are permitted to eat and how those foods must be prepared according to Jewish law. 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