{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/v69862d16s/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Storch, Jack and Janine"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2001-01-18 (created)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Jack Storch (Interviewee)","Janine Storch (Interviewee)","Marcia Vrono (Interviewer)","Ruth Einstein (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eJack and Janine Storch are interviewed by Marcia Vrono and Ruth Einstein in Atlanta, Georgia on January 18, 2001.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eJanine and Jack introduce themselves. Jack tells a story about a factory owner in his hometown. He talks about his father’s life in the United States before returning to Poland to marry his mother. He recalls the beginning of World War II and how life changed for the Jews in his town. Jack talks about forced labor. He recounts how his younger sister and other family members were sent to Chelmno. Jack talks about being sent to the Lodz ghetto. He mentions being sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau and liberation. Then, he remembers coming to New York City. Jack details how he and five others escaped a death march and were liberated by the French. He explains how his younger brother, Wolek, died after liberation. Jack tells how he reunited with another brother, Motek “Marty,” organized his wedding, and escaped Poland. Jack talks about his life in Germany before immigrating to the United States. He talks about establishing himself in business and in the Jewish community in Atlanta, Georgia. He explains what he did in Germany after the war to make money. Janine talks about her experiences in the war. She recounts her early years in the United States. Jack talks about the early years in Atlanta, running a business with Marty. He recollects meeting Janine. They talk about how he convinced her to move to Atlanta. Jack and Janine share how the losses they experienced affect them. Jack offers examples of what he tells the next generation about his experiences. Jack and Janine reflect on their lives.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)","\u003cp\u003eJack Storch was born Icek Sztorch in Ozorkow, Poland on March 21, 1927. He was one of four sons and a daughter born to Moishe, a successful businessman, and his wife, Miriam. Miriam died when Jack was still a young child, but his father soon remarried Nacha and another daughter was born. The family attended synagogue and enjoyed a comfortable life until the Germans invaded Poland in 1939. The Jews of Orzokow were forced to endure many restrictions and abuses. The Sztorch family had to leave their home and live in the ghetto with another family. Jack endured forced labor and the entire family was put work making uniforms for the Wehrmacht. \u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eIn 1942, Jack’s youngest sister was sent to the Chelmno extermination and the rest of the family was sent to the Lodz ghetto. Jack’s father died in Lodz and the rest of the family was sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau. Jack and one younger brother, Wolek, remained together for the remainder of the war. Towards the end of the war, the brothers were sent to the Flossenberg concentration camp and then to a camp near the French border, where they repaired railroad tracks. In April 1945, the brothers escaped from a death march and hid in the Black Forest until they were liberated by the French Army. \u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eA few weeks after the war, Wolek died from illness. Jack reunited with a cousin, Rubin Lansky (1922-2005), and the two tracked down his brother Motek “Marty” (1924-2007), his only other surviving family member, in Orzokow. Marty married another survivor and the foursome fled to the American-occupied zone in Germany. Rubin soon immigrated to the United States. Marty and Jack made a good living off of the Black Market before finally immigrating to the United States in 1949. Jack settled in Atlanta, Georgia, where Rubin and an uncle had settled. Marty soon joined him and the brothers opened a bar and restaurant. Later, they operated a grocery store.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eA mutual relative introduced Jack to Janine Tchoudnovsky. Janine was born in Paris, France on April 2, 1929. Although forced to wear the yellow star and endure many restrictions after the Germans occupied Paris, Janine was able to continue attending school. Janine, her mother, Pauline, and two cousins survived the war in their home in a Paris suburb. The rest of the family did not survive the deportations of French Jews. In 1947, Janine immigrated to the United States and settled in New York City with relatives. Her mother soon joined her.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eJack and Janine were married in Atlanta by Rabbi Harry Epstein. After their marriage, Janine and her mother joined Jack in Atlanta. When Jack decided to venture into building apartments, Janine left her retail job and helped him build the business in a successful venture. Jack and Janine owned a number of rental properties in the metropolitan Atlanta area and enjoyed a comfortable life. The couple had one child, a daughter named Dominque. They were members of Congregation B’nai Torah. In his later years, Jack actively shared his experiences with schools and other groups. Both Jack and Janine openly shared their experiences. They enjoyed traveling and spending time with their two grandchildren. After a battle with cancer, Jack passed away on September 24, 2001. Janine continues to live in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/29278"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Adolf Hitler (personal name)","Ahavath Achim (corporate name)","Aleksander Lodzki, Poland (geographic)","Alexandria, Egypt (geographic)","Aliyah (topical term)","American Soldiers (other)","Auschwitz-Birkenau (corporate name)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic)","Bamberg, Germany (geographic)","Baden-Baden, Germany (geographic)","BBC (corporate name)","Bavaria (geographic term)","Belgium (geographic)","Bergen Belsen, Germany (geographic)","Berlin, Germany (geographic)","Black Forest (geographic term)","Black Market (other)","Bubbe (topical term)","Cadbury (corporate name)","California (geographic)","Camelot (other)","Chava Sztorch (personal name)","Chelmno extermination camp (corporate name)","Canada (geographic)","Chuppah (topical term)","Concentration camp (topical term)","conscription (other)","Crematoriums (topical term)","Czechoslovakia (geographic)","Danzig, Germany (geographic)","Davison department store (corporate name)","Death march (topical term)","deportation (topical term)","Dominique Storch Levin (personal name)","Dora Gutman Storch (personal name)","Displaced Person (topical term)","DP (topical term)","DP Camp (topical term)","Eastern Europe (geographic term)","Edvard Benes (personal name)","Eli Wiesel (personal name)","England (geographic)","Europe (geographic)","Extermination camp (topical term)","Fela Sztorch (personal name)","Florida (geographic)","Flossenberg concentration camp (corporate name)","Forced labor (topical term)","Four Eleven Restaurant (corporate name)","France (geographic)","Occupation (topical term)","Invasion (topical term)","Frankfurt, Germany (geographic)","French Army (corporate name)","Gas chambers (topical term)","General Dwight D. Eisenhower (personal name)","Germany (geographic)","Ghetto (topical term)","Hamburg, Germany (geographic)","Hasting Seeds (corporate name)","Execution (topical term)","Hanging (topical term)","Hebrew Name (other)","Heinrich Himmler (personal name)","Escape (topical term)","Hiding (topical term)","Holland (geographic)","Holocaust (named event)","Holocaust denial (topical term)","Hotel Endicott (corporate name)","Icek Sztorch (personal name)","Ida Baron Wise (personal name)","Immigration (topical term)","International Tracing Service (corporate name)","Jack Storch (personal name)","Janine Tchoudnovsky Storch (personal name)","Jewish community (other)","Jewish property (topical term)","Jewish ghettos (topical term)","Jews – France (other)","Jews – Poland (other)","Jones Beach Island (geographic term)","Kosher (other)","Konstanz, Germany (geographic)","JP Allen (corporate name)","Leonard Bernstein (personal name)","Liberation (topical term)","Liberators (topical term)","Liquidation (topical term)","Litvish Yiddish (other)","Lodz ghetto (topical term)","Lodz, Poland (geographic)","Luxembourg (geographic)","Magen David (topical term)","Marsha Wise Vrono (personal name)","Marietta Street (geographic term)","Marty Storch (personal name)","Mary Storch (personal name)","Mayfair Club (corporate name)","Meir Fogel (personal name)","Meyer Tchoudnovsky (personal name)","Minia Sapolinski (personal name)","Minyan (other)","Miriam Sztorch (personal name)","Moishe Sztorch (personal name)","Motek Sztorch (personal name)","Nacha Sztorch (personal name)","National Bank of Georgia (corporate name)","Nazi (topical term)","New Jersey (geographic)","New York City, New York (geographic)","Orzokow, Poland (geographic)","Orzokow ghetto (topical term)","Paris, France (geographic)","Pauline Tchoudnovsky (personal name)","Piedmont Park (geographic term)","Poland (geographic)","Rabbi Harry Epstein (personal name)","Rael Levin (personal name)","Red Cross (corporate name)","Reva Epstein (personal name)","Riven Sztorch (personal name)","Rock Spring Apartments (local term)","Ruben Lansky (personal name)","Russian (geographic term)","Saba Wise Silverman (personal name)","Sam Wise (personal name)","Schutzstaffel (corporate name)","Shabbos (topical term)","Shul (topical term)","Selection (topical term)","Smith Hughes school (corporate name)","Southampton, England (geographic)","South America (geographic)","Soviet (topical term)","SS America (other)","SS (corporate name)","Statue of Liberty (geographic term)","Survivor (topical term)","Survivor community (topical term)","Switzerland (geographic)","Typhoid (other)","University of Georgia (corporate name)","United States (geographic)","Vel d’hiv roundup (named event)","Velodrome (corporate name)","Warsaw ghetto (topical term)","Warsaw, Poland (geographic)","Wehrmacht (corporate name)","Wolek Sztorch (personal name)","World War I (named event)","World War II (named event)","Yellow star (topical term)","Yiddish (other)","Zionism (topical term)","Zyklon B (other)","Zurich, Switzerland (geographic)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eJack and Janine Storch are interviewed by Marcia Vrono and Ruth Einstein in Atlanta, Georgia on January 18, 2001.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanine and Jack introduce themselves. Jack tells a story about a factory owner in his hometown. He talks about his father\u0026rsquo;s life in the United States before returning to Poland to marry his mother. He recalls the beginning of World War II and how life changed for the Jews in his town. Jack talks about forced labor. He recounts how his younger sister and other family members were sent to Chelmno. Jack talks about being sent to the Lodz ghetto. He mentions being sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau and liberation. Then, he remembers coming to New York City. Jack details how he and five others escaped a death march and were liberated by the French. He explains how his younger brother, Wolek, died after liberation. Jack tells how he reunited with another brother, Motek \u0026ldquo;Marty,\u0026rdquo; organized his wedding, and escaped Poland. Jack talks about his life in Germany before immigrating to the United States. He talks about establishing himself in business and in the Jewish community in Atlanta, Georgia. He explains what he did in Germany after the war to make money. Janine talks about her experiences in the war. She recounts her early years in the United States. Jack talks about the early years in Atlanta, running a business with Marty. He recollects meeting Janine. They talk about how he convinced her to move to Atlanta. Jack and Janine share how the losses they experienced affect them. Jack offers examples of what he tells the next generation about his experiences. Jack and Janine reflect on their lives.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJack Storch was born Icek Sztorch in Ozorkow, Poland on March 21, 1927. He was one of four sons and a daughter born to Moishe, a successful businessman, and his wife, Miriam. Miriam died when Jack was still a young child, but his father soon remarried Nacha and another daughter was born. The family attended synagogue and enjoyed a comfortable life until the Germans invaded Poland in 1939. The Jews of Orzokow were forced to endure many restrictions and abuses. The Sztorch family had to leave their home and live in the ghetto with another family. Jack endured forced labor and the entire family was put work making uniforms for the Wehrmacht.\u0026nbsp;\u003cbr /\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cbr /\u003eIn 1942, Jack\u0026rsquo;s youngest sister was sent to the Chelmno extermination and the rest of the family was sent to the Lodz ghetto. Jack\u0026rsquo;s father died in Lodz and the rest of the family was sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau. Jack and one younger brother, Wolek, remained together for the remainder of the war. Towards the end of the war, the brothers were sent to the Flossenberg concentration camp and then to a camp near the French border, where they repaired railroad tracks. In April 1945, the brothers escaped from a death march and hid in the Black Forest until they were liberated by the French Army.\u0026nbsp;\u003cbr /\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cbr /\u003eA few weeks after the war, Wolek died from illness. Jack reunited with a cousin, Rubin Lansky (1922-2005), and the two tracked down his brother Motek \u0026ldquo;Marty\u0026rdquo; (1924-2007), his only other surviving family member, in Orzokow. Marty married another survivor and the foursome fled to the American-occupied zone in Germany. Rubin soon immigrated to the United States. Marty and Jack made a good living off of the Black Market before finally immigrating to the United States in 1949. Jack settled in Atlanta, Georgia, where Rubin and an uncle had settled. Marty soon joined him and the brothers opened a bar and restaurant. Later, they operated a grocery store.\u003cbr /\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cbr /\u003eA mutual relative introduced Jack to Janine Tchoudnovsky. Janine was born in Paris, France on April 2, 1929. Although forced to wear the yellow star and endure many restrictions after the Germans occupied Paris, Janine was able to continue attending school. Janine, her mother, Pauline, and two cousins survived the war in their home in a Paris suburb. The rest of the family did not survive the deportations of French Jews. In 1947, Janine immigrated to the United States and settled in New York City with relatives. Her mother soon joined her.\u003cbr /\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cbr /\u003eJack and Janine were married in Atlanta by Rabbi Harry Epstein. After their marriage, Janine and her mother joined Jack in Atlanta. When Jack decided to venture into building apartments, Janine left her retail job and helped him build the business in a successful venture. Jack and Janine owned a number of rental properties in the metropolitan Atlanta area and enjoyed a comfortable life. The couple had one child, a daughter named Dominque. They were members of Congregation B\u0026rsquo;nai Torah. In his later years, Jack actively shared his experiences with schools and other groups. Both Jack and Janine openly shared their experiences. They enjoyed traveling and spending time with their two grandchildren. After a battle with cancer, Jack passed away on September 24, 2001. Janine continues to live in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/225/647/small/Storch_JackAndJenina.m4v_1705418184.jpg?1705418185","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Storch_JackAndJenina.m4v"]},"duration":4322.219,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/225/647/small/Storch_JackAndJenina.m4v_1705418184.jpg?1705418185","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/225/647/original/Storch_JackAndJenina.m4v?1705418181","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":4322.219,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Storch, Jack and Janine [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Marcia: I'm Marcia Vrono and I am very fortunate to be able to interview Jack\nand Janine Storch on January 18, 2001. I'm going to start by just letting them\nintroduce themselves, because I think that there may be something really\nimportant in just the name. Janine?\n\nJanine: I'm Janine Storch. My Jewish name is Zelda. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My parents had lost many of\ntheir children, so when I was born, the family said to my mother, \"You need to\nchoose the name of a very old lady.\" We found in the family Bubbe [Yiddish:\nGrandmother] Zelda. That's who I'm named after. I was born in Paris, in France.\nI was ten years old when the war started and eleven when I saw the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first German\npeople I lived through the German occupation of France and I came to this\ncountry end of 1947. I was fortunate that I didn't go to concentration camp,\nthough I had to wear a yellow star. I went to school with that. Life was very\ndifficult. We were not allowed to work. We had to survive. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was very\ndifficult, but here I'm an old lady, and everything in life is a miracle.\n\nMarcia: Jack?\n\nJack: My name is Jack Storch. I come from a large family with six children,\nfather, and mother. We lived in a small town. The population was approximately\n20,000. Out of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the 20,000, there was approximately 5,000 Jews. We were very\nfortunate to have a man. His name used to be Meir Fogel. He had a large factory\nof many thousands of employees. He used to produce the damask linen, damask 500,\nwhich I think it was worldwide knowing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it. As naturally we were the slaves, and\nworking, and forced to work, he was able to live in the same condition that he\nlived before the war because these were the orders from the German government.\nBut then afterwards, they came to him and they said to him they need some\nAmerican currency or English currency to keep on going with the war. He said,\n\"That's no ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"problem.\" He said, \"How much do you need?\" He said, \"It's a million\ndollars.\" You can imagine in 1940 what one million dollars was in Europe. He\nsays, \"Yes, agreeable. I'll give you a million dollars under one condition: that\nyou take me to Alexandria.\" They didn't understand what Alexandria is because\nthere was a little town approximately 45 kilometers from my town, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"also called\nAleksander. But finally, after continuing on the conversation [they understood]\nit was Alexandria in Egypt. That's where he had accounts. He had accounts all\nover the world. They were trying to make the story impossible. But finally, he\ndid give him the half a million dollars at the time when they ask for it. He\nsays, \"The other half a million dollars you will get when we arrive ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in\nAlexandria.\" A few days later, there came a plane and they took him all the way\nto Alexandria. At the time, when he came to Alexandria, all his children were\nrun away to Russia to try to survive. Matter of fact, three out of the four have\nsurvived. When they came to Alexandria, he offered them ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"another two million\ndollars to bring his wife. They promised they will. This has never occurred and\nshe has never survived. This man has survived till 1986. That means 20 some odd\nyears, 27 years, he survived and lived in Israel till he died in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1965. We, as a\nfamily -- My father came to these United States when he was a very young man.\nBecause in those days [Poland] was occupied by the Russians and the Russians\nkept grabbing--like kidnaping--boys and sent them to the army. Most of them\nnever made it back. The food was meager and the clothing was none practically in\nthe 35, 40 ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"degrees below zero. He decides he's not going to stay there. He\nfinally went to Danzig, which is a port in Germany, and lived there for quite a\nwhile until he finally got on the boats. He didn't ask where it goes, but that\nparticular boat that he got on it, he said he's going to help them shovel the\ncoals in to the steamer in order to continue on the voyages. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He didn't know what\nthey were going, but that was his job and he had food, so that was -- They did\ngo to many countries, like all the way down to South America and then Australia.\nThen back the other way. Then, they stopped in New York. In New York, he had a\nlot of friends. They got a two day leave in New York. They encouraged him not to\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go back to Eastern Europe at that time, but to remain as a young boy in America.\nHe grew up here. He had a nice life. By that time, he was corresponding with my\nmother, which was his neighbor all those years. By the time he was 23 or 24\nyears of age, he decided after being in the United States ten years, he ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wanted\nto go back, and marry my mother, and bring her to the United States, which\nunfortunately, that didn't work no more because he came back to Poland in 1913,\nlate 1913. In 1914, the First World War broke out, so there was no chance to get\nall the papers ready for my mother to come to this United ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"States. The Germans\nhave offered my father, due to the fact that he had American passport, to go to\ninternment camp, which all the foreigners were. They were treated differently,\nyou know, with respect and things. But he said that, \"If my family cannot go\nthere, then I'm not interesting to go.\" Then naturally, we had a good life. We\nhad a big ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"house. Nothing was missing in it. My father was a very active Zionist\nperson, though he had several businesses working in the same town. He was trying\nto see that the family was growing at the time. The family was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"growing. When the\nwar naturally came out, that was when trouble started. We were aware of it. I\nwas 12 years of age when the war broke out in 1939. I really was tortured by\nslave labor. We had to get up at seven o'clock in the morning as a kid of 12\nyears of age, tear down all the houses, you know, because there ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were good houses\nand bad houses. The people that were living in there, they got 20 minutes time\nto get out of the houses and we start tearing down on the orders of the SS with\ndogs, with German shepherds, as well as machine guns. We had to start tearing it\ndown once they give us the orders. That was a hard life because that was\nwintertime, because they came in on September the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fourth. They already were in\nmy city and September the first is when the war broke out. Number one, it was --\nYou could feel the -- not just the pressure, but the physical treatment that we\ngot, with beating with sticks, yelling at us, getting the dogs to rip us up the\npants or whatever. We had to do it. There was no other choice. We didn't have\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"any other choice than to do it. Life kept going on for approximately, I would\nsay, in my hometown for a long time. The mayor of the town was the first cousin\nof [Heinrich] Himmler. Since the city was geared to textiles as well as the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"factory that I mentioned to you before, they had -- They were a little bit more\nlenient. We changed these factories to produce uniforms for the German Army, as\nwell as we produced boots, underwear, and fur coats because they were preparing.\nWe didn't know at what. Naturally, after the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"war, in the modern days, you are\nfinding out certain reasons when you watch the films and --\n\nMarcia: Was that your family business? Is that what your family was doing, was\nworking? I mean, had a factory?\n\nJack: In the factory, everybody had to work; each one. We were already thrown\nout from our home and we lived with other people. Then -- I'll come to that in a\nminute. It was horrible to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"see, to get 15 minutes a family of six people, six\nchildren, my father and mother, and we had two others. My aunt, which was my\nmother's sister, we raised her to get married and she lived with us. Besides the\npoint, it was a rough area. One time, they came give us orders to get out of the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"house, take what we could, go where you want. They didn't give us no place, but\nwe had friends. My father had friends and we squeezed in approximately, I'd say,\neight or nine people into one room and we had to get by. We lived like this and\nwe worked like this for at least two years [or] a year and a half. After a year\nand a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"half, the law came out by the Germans that in every city, ten Jews have to\nbe hanged. Among those ten Jews was my mother's brother. Why? Because he came\nfrom another city to our city because the city where he lived was totally\neliminated and sent to Chelmno, which is a concentration camp ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Poland, not far\nfrom the German border. It was a primitive camp due to the fact there were\nhundreds of thousands of people killed. But they didn't have the way of killing\nfast. They said they didn't want to waste any bullets. Unfortunately, I've a\nlittle sister that was taken and she ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"also lost her life there. Then, when we\ncame to the -- One day, they told us, all of us, to come to one place where they\ngoing to hang these people. After they hung these people, we had to march in on\nthe place where the school was. Where the school was--the place where we played\nsport, soccer, you know--they wrapped it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"around, like a gate, with SS, with G-d\nknows how many trucks, because we were approximately 5,000 Jews living in that\nsmall town. That's when the real trouble started. They made a selection that was\n-- Among the selection was my little sister. I also had an older sister ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that was\nolder than Marty. They also took her in, to ship her to the death camp.\nFortunately, I was working for a German citizen, which he had a lot to say. He\nfinally helped me getting out the older sister, but he was unable to get my\nlittle sister because they felt she wouldn't be productive or doing the slave\nlabor at this ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"particular age. As we came out from that place, we were already\nmarching in to the top of the hill, way at the top of the hill to a ghetto. We\ndidn't even know that this ghetto's being built, but directly we marched from\nthis place. Can you imagine with nothing on us except the clothes? No pot, no\npan, no knife, nothing in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ghetto. They didn't give a hoot where we were\ngoing to sleep or where we were going to do. We were trying to, again, to find\npeople where we can divide the lodging, you know. In this ghetto, we were there\napproximately, I would say, not more than a year in the ghetto. Then came the\norders from [Adolf] Hitler himself that we had to [go] from the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ghetto, taking\nat night with a tram and bring us to the larger ghetto, which was Lodz, L-O-D-Z,\nwhich was second to Warsaw. As we were liquidated from the Ozorkow ghetto, we\nwere sent to Lodz by trams. Then, from there, we worked again in factories ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for\nthe military. We didn't stay there too long. Everything [was] under torture, and\npressure, and very little food, not even [enough] to die or survive. I lost my\nfather in the ghetto. The rest of us, we went to Auschwitz-Birkenau. In\nAuschwitz-Birkenau, naturally, we were separated. I only had a little brother\nwith me, which I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tried to keep him all my life with me. My brother Marty--who is\nhere in Atlanta, Georgia--he also survived, but my little brother, we were\nliberated by the French people. We escaped actually, in a forest. My little\nbrother survived with me, but four weeks after survival, he died of typhoid\nfever. That's where tragedy came around. I lived in Germany for four and a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"half\nyears until I came to the United States, to emigrate to the United States. We\ncame to New York, arrived in New York. There were a lot of people that knew my\nfather. They had a newspaper that [said], 'These people are arriving.' They came\nand waited for me. But fortunately, I had a few dollars and I was able to rent a\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"two, three bedroom apartment in a hotel. The hotel used to be named Hotel\nEndicott. It is on 82nd Street in New York. It was very hot. The month was\nSeptember when we arrived.\n\nMarcia: Can I back up just for a minute? When you were liberated, you said you\nwere liberated by the French?\n\nJack: By the French, yes.\n\nMarcia: You ran away? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Is that what you said?\n\nJack: We escaped into the forest. We lived in the forest for 22 days.\n\nMarcia: From Auschwitz-Birkenau?\n\nJack: Not from Auschwitz-Birkenau. This was from a camp near Baden-Baden,\nB-A-D-E-N B-A-D-E-N [Germany].\n\nMarcia: Was this toward end of the war, of course?\n\nJack: It was. Matter of fact, it was in April of 1945.\n\nMarcia: You said you escaped and then were eventually liberated by the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"French?\n\nJack: After, we would spend so many days [in] the forests, which we lost a\ncouple of guys. We were six that we escaped and out of the six, actually three\nof us survived.\n\nMarcia: Was your older brother with you then?\n\nJack: No, my younger brother was with me and all the young people, which I was\nthe leader from all of them. Finally, I had to organize food in order to get by\nbecause we were starving. We were freezing and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"starving. We spent either 21 or\n22 days in the forest. We dig some ditches with our feet and hands and covered\nup ourselves with -- There was very little to cover, but we cuddled and somehow\nwe survived. When we [were liberated] by the French army, they treated us very\nwell. They brought us back to humanity a little bit, but we still all wind up\nwith sickness.\n\nMarcia: The six of you that were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"together, did they all survive that?\n\nJack: No, only three have survived.\n\nMarcia: After, did they put you in any DP camps?\n\nJack: No. Fortunately, in this area, there was no DP camps. From the Black\nForest, where I was survived, I went south more, which the city was the name of\nKonstanz, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"K-O-N-S-T-A-N-Z. I lived there for four and a half years until I\nimmigrated to the United States.\n\nMarcia: Did you ever think of going anywhere else or was it always --\n\nJack: No, due to the fact that my father was living in the United States. [He\nhad] taught us songs that we didn't know what we were singing, but finally,\nafterwards, we were explaining what the meanings were of it. We were really very\nmuch ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"close to the United States, to make sure because we knew about life here,\nand it was probably 100 years advanced then from the primitive life I had to\nlive at. I came to New York on September. [It] was very hot and the heat --\nThere was no way you can find anything of air conditioning, anything like that.\nAfter I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rented the motel, the Hotel Endicott, I decided that I'm not going to\nstay here in New York. I left my brother, my sister-in-law.\n\nMarcia: That's what I was going to ask you. How did you get back to the family after?\n\nJack: It was only Marty.\n\nMarcia: Okay.\n\nJack: Marty and his wife --\n\nMarcia: Where did you find them?\n\nJack: [What?]\n\nMarcia: Where did you find Marty and Dora?\n\nJack: Marty -- In 1945, I traveled around ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany. When I traveled around\nGermany, we came into a place not far from Frankfurt [Germany]. Everybody had to\nwrite down his name--not write it down; but actually spell it, his name. There\ncame a young boy who says, \"You have a brother.\" That shocked me because we\ndidn't expect nobody else to survive. This is after I lost my younger brother.\nThis was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in July -- July, yes, July or August, something like that. He tells me\nI got a brother and I start asking him [questions]. I want to see if he's\ncorrect. I ask him, \"Is my brother's name Isaac? Is my -- Joe? Is my -- Frank,\"\nor whatever it was. He said, \"No.\" I said, \"Could his name be Motek Yankel?\" He\nsaid, \"Stop it. Motek, that's his name.\" What happened is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they, after the\nliberation, my brother was, G-d bless him, in very good physical condition. He\ngot a steer, and he killed a steer, and made it kosher, and start cooking with\nkartoffeln [German: potatoes], with all other things. They got little by little.\nFinally, he brought them back. He brought them back to normal life. The boy told\nme that if it wouldn't be for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him, 35 or 36 of them would never survive. Then, I\ngot all the signs that this is my brother. When I got the signs, it was around\n8:30 at night. The first thing, I went to the train and I took a train to\nPoland. It took me ten days because of all the bridges being bombed and you\ncouldn't get too many trains. If you had a train, you had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thousands of people\nthere waiting. Whoever had strength to get in, got in. If not, they left behind.\nFinally, I came into my hometown and I met my brother. My brother was determined\nto get back our Persian carpet, the candelabras, silverware, and a Singer sewing\nmachine. But I decided we do not stay here one single ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"night. We took the tram\nand went into Lodz, which was 25, 30 kilometers. We didn't -- I didn't care. Due\nto the fact I was already living in the West, I knew somehow, somewhere I can\nget clothes or whatever needs to be done. On the way going to Lodz, he says to\nme he knows a girl. I said, \"In what condition you know her?\" He said, \"Well, I\nthink I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"want to get married.\" [I asked,] \"I mean, what does she feel?\" [He\nsaid,] \"I think she feels the same way.\" We went to that little city,\nAleksander, that we spoke of it before. That was his wife. That was his future\nwife. I took her on the side and asked her, \"Do you love him?\" She said, \"Yes.\"\nI said, \"Do I know anything of him?\" She says, \"Yes.\" I said, \"Are you ready to\nget married?\" That was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"approximately probably three or four o'clock. At five\no'clock, we already had a chuppah with forest brooms, forest stakes, a bottle of\nvodka, a couple of herring, and a loaf of bread. That was the wedding. At 10:00,\nwe knew that there was a train going all the way to the Czechoslovakian border\nbecause I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came illegal to Poland. When we stopped over there just before the\ncrossing the border, we found a cousin there. Matter of fact, he lives right now\nin Denmark and we correspond with him very often. Once the wedding was over, now\nthat was a problem of getting in the train that goes to Czechoslovakia. At\nnight, we crossed the border through the forest. We came in at two ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"o'clock in\nthe morning to Czechoslovakia. I left him before we came into town. I wanted to\nsee what goes on. As I came in to town--which, I knew how to speak\nCzechoslovakian--[I heard,] \"Ruki vverkh!\" [Russian] I knew what 'Ruki vverkh'\nmeans. It means 'Hands up!' But I didn't give in to the understanding. I start\nspeaking to him Czechoslovakian, which this was a Russian ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"officer because it was\noccupied by Russia, by the Russian army. He asked me, \"Gde vy zhivete? [Russian]\nWhere do you live?\" I said, \"Right there.\" He left me alone. Fortunately, in\nEurope--as you may know it or I'll explain to you--every house had the entrance\nand the front entrance was always locked. Fortunately, it was unlocked when I\nknocked on the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"door. When I knocked on the door, an old lady came to the door. I\ntold her who I am and she could see it because of my short hair. I told the\nbabushka [Russian: grandmother], I said, \"I would like to spend the night here\nbecause I'm going to Germaniya [Russian: Germany].\" She says, \"Oh, yes, we will\nbe happy.\" She made she wants to make coffee. I said, \"But there is one\ncondition. I have a brother and a sister-in-law that are not far ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from here. Can\nI also bring them just to spend the night?\" She said, \"Oh, yeah.\" By that time,\nshe had a young daughter. The young daughter took to me. I do not know why or\nwhat. We talked a lot because she knew a few words of French and I knew French\npretty well in those days already.\n\nMarcia: You knew French from being --\n\nJack: No.\n\nMarcia: From the --\n\nJack: I learned French from being in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Auschwitz-Birkenau. If you want to know the\nstory, I'll be happy to tell you that, but let me continue with that. Then, we\ncame actually to that lady. I had a little gold chain with me and I give it to\nthat daughter. Then, she was already sure I'm going to come back to marry her,\nwhich this was not the case, but maybe that's what [they] understood. The next\nday, she went ahead, and buy some tickets, and we came all the way to\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Czechoslovakia. As we came into Czechoslovakia, we saw a big parade. The parade\nwas General Dwight D. Eisenhower with the president of Czechoslovakia, who came\nback from England. His name was [Edvard] Benes. From there, we went all the way\nto the German border through the forest at night, all the way this way. We\nbrought them to a Bavarian town in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bavaria. As we came to Bavaria, I settled my\nbrother in a city called Bamberg, B-A-M-B-E-R-G [Germany]. I settled him over\nthere due to the fact I speak perfect language and my name was Sztorch, like a\nGerman name.\n\nMarcia: That's what I was going to ask you. Was your name Storch?\n\nJack: Same thing. Never changed ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it. I settled him up, and he got a house, and\nraised a family there. Once I saw that I got him secured, I went back to\nKonstanz, because the city of Konstanz was half Switzerland and half Germany.\nWhen they came on the Sabbath, we went to the minyan in Switzerland because they\ndidn't have enough people in that little town, so we were contributing quite a\nbit. From ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that time on, I would start thinking of emigrating to the United\nStates after spending four and a half years in Germany.\n\nMarcia: Then you went to New York?\n\nJack: Yes, I took my brother. I took my brother and my sister-in-law, and Mary.\n\nMarcia: Mary was --\n\nJack: Mary was born in Germany.\n\nMarcia: Mary is your --\n\nJack: My niece. She's my niece. We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"decided -- I had ways of -- How we would say,\n'protected.' That means privileges, you know, to get it, because I was very\nfortunate to have a few dollars. I paid my way all the way to New York. Due to\nthat, I didn't have to wait till my alphabetical number comes up because\notherwise I would have to wait another year. But we came and we came to New\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"York. As I mentioned to you before, we rented a hotel and it was very hot. I\ncouldn't breathe and I was not used to it. I was almost so disgusted. I wanted\nto go back because I come from Switzerland, from a normal country, where there\nnever was a bomb or never any signs of a war. I decided I'm going to buy a car.\nI bought a car in New York without speaking any ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"English, without -- practically\ngetting little advice. I start traveling around, all over the United States. I\nwent to Boston, to upstates, all the way to the end of the United States, turned\naround and went to Canada. I went to Toronto, Quebec, Montreal and Quebec. I\nalways looked up. The first ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thing I looked up was the Jewish place, like a\nsynagogue or whatever the organization was. I was looking for a place to get\nsettled. At that time, Montreal -- Toronto was not a big city. It was not like\nit is today. I did not like particularly these other cities. I turned around and\nwent back. I went all the way with the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"border of Canada, believe it or not,\ngoing all the way to Washington state. It took me a long time, but I was able to\nstart getting a little better in English because I was forced to talk a few words.\n\nMarcia: Were you alone or was your brother --\n\nJack: Alone. I was alone.\n\nMarcia: They were still in New York?\n\nJack: They were still in New York in the hotel. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Finally, I went down all the way\nto Los Angeles -- [no,] first San Francisco, Los Angeles, San Diego. Then, I\ntraveled back. I made a total of 8,500 some odd miles. But as I came to Alabama,\nI cut across to Florida. In Florida, I visited, which I liked it very much, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but\nthere was only one climate: that was hot. I felt coming from Switzerland and\nhaving three seasons, I felt, I'm not going to be comfortable because I looked\nout for my comfort, too. Although, in New York, they offered me to go to New\nJersey, and buy farms, and cattle, and all the other things. I said, \"When do\nyou have to get up?\" They said, \"Three o'clock in the morning\". I said, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"This is\nnot for me.\" I'm still single. I was 22 years of age, or 21, something like\nthat. I had a few dollars and I just didn't like it. As I came back from Florida\nthrough here, I had an uncle here in Atlanta, my mother's brother. Naturally, I\nfelt good because I spoke ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yiddish and he spoke Yiddish with me. He had a factory\nhere. The factory was located on the Mitchell Street and Pryor Road, corner of\nMitchell Street and Pryor Road. There were a lot of Jewish factories there, as\nwell as printing shops. That's right across [from] the [Fulton County]\ncourthouse. I rented a room ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here and I wanted to learn English. I want to see\nhow I can make good English. There was only one school available. They used to\ncall it 'Smith Hughes.' I went four nights. Matter of fact, quite a few of the\nnewcomers were already going to school, and so did I. The things that we learned\nwas, 'I am,' 'They are,' 'We are,' 'Open the window,' 'Open the door,' ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or 'Shut\nthe door,' 'Made the door,' this [kind of] thing. It is nothing but like child\nlanguages. I was very gifted for languages. At that time, I already spoke seven\nlanguages. To me, English was the most difficult one because I felt when I'm\ngoing to come here, I'll go to lessons and learn quick, but that was not the\ncase. I went to work for my uncle for a few ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"weeks. Actually, he wanted me to\nbecome a partner in this factory. I didn't know the system of the American way\nof business. I was very much against it. I said, \"Let me work. Pay me minimum\nwages. Let me see how I can see what business is going.\" The reason I'm bringing\nthis up [is] because while I was in Germany, I was in business ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"already on a\nlarge scale. Coming back here, naturally, I did not depend on wages. I just\nwanted to learn the language and the system of the country. After, I decided --\nThis was actually practically October, November. I worked for him till January.\nAfter that time, I went out and looked for business, what can I go into ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"business\nthat I can understand and do it. I bought a restaurant on January the 15th [or]\nJanuary the 14th, 1950. That was on Marietta Street. Matter of fact, after I\nbought this restaurant--which was the repertoire of the newcomers, you know,\nthat [wanted to know] how come I didn't go in the business that they are,\nbecause most of them were in the grocery business, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which I did not care for\nit--I called my brother right away to pack everything in. He already got a job\nand had everything. I said, \"Pack it up and come down right here.\" He went in\npartnership with me. This was on Marietta Street. The first visitor that came to\nmy store -- What year were you born?\n\nMarcia: [Nineteen] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fifty-two.\n\nJack: Okay. It was [not you,] Marshala. It was Sabala. She [Ida Wise] had Sabala\nthere, brought Sabala with the push car, and came to visit us. Naturally, she\nspoke Yiddisher Litvish and we speak a Polisher Litvish, but somehow we got to\nunderstand each other quite well. My sister-in-law got friends with your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mother,\nor ve shalom [Hebrew: light and peace]. Then, they came in, the whole group, the\nPolisher group and Litviker group.\n\nMarcia: That's what I was going to ask you. About what time -- Were you one of\nthe first ones to come to Atlanta or were you one of the later ones to come to\nAtlanta, to settle in Atlanta?\n\nJack: No, I stopped in Atlanta. I didn't go back no more to New York.\n\nMarcia: This is where you felt like --\n\nJack: I was -- There was a man by the name -- Melvin Warser's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"father, or ve\nshalom. He's the one that recommended the restaurant. The restaurant was already\nin operation for 15 years by Greek people and they were really good businessmen.\nThe kitchen was in perfect shape. We sold a lot of meals because our location\nwas across the street from Hasting Seeds. Sears and Roebuck was there; Simmons\nMattresses ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were there; Anaconda copper or steel; and then was -- behind us were\nthe Techwood house project. We did a lot of business. We served quite a few\nmeals, but our most income came from selling beer and wine.\n\nMarcia: What was the name of the restaurant?\n\nJack: Four Eleven Restaurant [at] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"411 Marietta Street.\n\nMarcia: One of the other things I wanted to ask was: how did you know what other\nfamilies, what other survivors were here? You said people came in right away\nbecause they knew that you were --\n\nJack: That's true. I went to shul [Yiddish: synagogue] on Washington Street,\nwhich was Rabbi [Harry] Epstein. I was able to talk to Rabbi Epstein in Yiddish.\nHe knew I was the newest one. The first thing he asked ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me if I need any help. I\nsaid, \"Thank G-d, Rabbi, I don't, but if I can be accepted in your shul as a\nmember, I'll be happy to join the membership of your shul.\" I said, \"I come from\na Jewish background.\" He started asking me a lot of questions. He said, \"It will\nbe a pleasure to have you,\" and, \"The first time you come to shul, if you come\non a Shabbos, you will be granted with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an Aliyah and welcome to Atlanta,\" which\nthat's what did happen. His wife -- Rita?\n\nMarcia: Reva [Epstein].\n\nJack: Reva spoke perfect French and she spoke perfect Russian. We were able to\nconverse. Then, naturally after that, when I got married, we used to go on\nvacations together. My wife, naturally, [as a] Parisian, Reva wanted to pick up\nbetter French that she overlooked it. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We [became] very good friends, so from\nthat point on, I met a lot of people.\n\nMarcia: Did you feel like you could relate to as many Americans or did you\npretty much stay in the survivor [community]?\n\nJack: Mostly it was the survivors. As your sister will tell you, there used to\nbe a Piedmont Park [meeting]. That was the meeting from all the Jewish survivors\nto meet [at] the Piedmont ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Park, which was not far from your house and everybody\nelse's houses. Each one told the stories about where they were, what ghetto they\nwere [in], what people they knew, so it became a kind of very close society.\n\nRuth: I just wanted to ask you. You came out of Auschwitz-Birkenau as a\nteenager. You had no -- I mean, your education had been stopped. You had very\nfew members of your family left. How did you make this wonderful ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"transformation\nfrom a concentration camp inmate without much of an education to a businessman?\nHow did you do that?\n\nJack: Let me give you the original story. My father, may his soul rest in peace,\nhad a friend in Zurich, Switzerland, and he told me his name. I never forgot\nthis name because it was a simple name. It was Moshes Schwartz. Moshes Schwartz\nused to live in Zurich, and due to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fact that I was able to go in to\nSwitzerland, I went to visit him. When I went to visit him, he was a very\nwell-to-do man and he offered me a loan to do business. The business was mostly\ncoffee because I used to buy coffee in Switzerland and transport it to Germany,\nBelgium, Holland or Luxembourg. He's the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one. I had the business background\nalready, but he made things come true for me and he lent me, in those days, I\nthink it was approximately $500. That was a lot of money in those days. That was\n1947. Before I came to the United States, I was already a wholesaler dealing in\ncoffee as well as Cadbury chocolate, which comes from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"England. I was invited to\nthe Cadbury factory, meet the president there. I used to buy by the many tons. I\ncould buy as much as 100 tons, which was hundred thousand kilogram, which is 220\npounds in the English. I transported this to Hamburg, Bergen Belsen and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Berlin\n[Germany]. At that time, I was around 21 years of age or 20 years of age,\nsomething like that.\n\nMarcia: That was within the four years that you spent --\n\nJack: That's correct.\n\nMarcia: After --\n\nJack: The four and a half years.\n\nMarcia: When you -- During the war, of course, all of your education stopped.\nHow old were you in between that span? It started when you were, what? Sixteen,\n17 years?\n\nJack: I was 17 years of age when the war --\n\nMarcia: Up until 17 years ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"old --\n\nJack: After, I was 17 years of age, which is, as I said, I lost my brother,\nwhich was the greatest tragedy in my life. I buried him in a cemetery in\nGermany, which is 20 kilometers from Switzerland. Whenever I go to Europe -- I\nput a tombstone, brought it from Germany with the rabbi signatures, and written\nin ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hebrew as well as German, that he was a victim of the German thing, which I\ngot pictures of already. When I lost my brother, naturally I came to the big\ntown and that's when I started the business.\n\nMarcia: You lost your brother after the war ended?\n\nJack: I lost [him], matter of fact, four weeks after the war, after the\nliberation. That's when I lost him on typhoid fever. I was trying ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to -- Due to\nthe fact that I spoke French, I was trying to get some medication, but there was\nnone available, not even for the French army, so, it was --\n\nRuth: One other question. What was your feeling about being in Germany right\nafter the war? I mean, what was your feeling about the Germans and how did they\ntreat you?\n\nJack: At that particular area where I was liberated, which is Konstanz, they\nnever had a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"war because they were able to get food from Switzerland. There was\nno bombardment. There was no relocations. It was a very great city of culture.\nFortunately, I had my own apartment there and I was mixing with people with\nculture because you had to. If you live in a town, you are not going to\nsegregate yourself because the only thing you can do is gain personality and\nthings that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you didn't get it in a concentration camp or in Eastern Europe,\nwhere we were so much backwards compared to the Western countries.\n\nMarcia: Okay. Up until this point, we have been talking about your years in the\ncamp very briefly, and then your liberation, and how many years you spent in\nGermany. Now, we were looking to [transition] to Atlanta.\n\nJack: Yes.\n\nMarcia: -- how you bought a car and you are going to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta. We were going to\nbring Janine into the picture, and see a little bit about how you two got\nstarted, and basically, how you -- what you were doing during those years of the\nwar. [We know] the things that Jack was doing. What were you doing during the war?\n\nJanine: I was in school and I went to school. We had two ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cousins. In the group\nof a thousand students, there were three yellow stars: my two cousins and\nmyself. Though I'm proud to be Jewish, it wasn't that comfortable. Especially as\na young teenager, you want to belong. You want to be like everybody else and we\nweren't. We had many things we were not allowed. But anyway, in August of 19--\nWe lived in the suburb, we had the family home, and most of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family had been\narrested. It was my mother, my two cousins and I. We finished the war there. In\nthat August of 1944, we were liberated by the American soldiers. At that time,\nwhen I looked at these young people coming--our liberators--in the Jeeps, it\nseemed to me like everybody was seven feet tall and --\n\nMarcia: Your being so young, did you know what was going on?\n\nJanine: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We had -- In France, we had no idea. We used to listen to clandestine\nradio from London, but we had no idea what went on in concentration camp. We\nknew that people were being arrested and disappeared. In Paris in 1943, they\narrested 10,000 people in one time and hoarded them in the Velodrome d'Hiver.\nThat's like a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"circus. Then wrote their names, and everything, and shipped them\nout. My parents' friends, my cousin, my mother's cousin, all of these people\ndisappeared. We really didn't know where they were until after the liberation.\nWe went to the Red Cross and we started asking for everybody. Only one person\nthat I know from all the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people who were arrested--the French people couldn't\nsurvive this misery--one person survived and everybody else didn't. Then,\nshortly after that, I made my way to the New World. I left my mother behind. I\nwas excited about coming, but once the bus went towards the English Channel--we\nwere driving through the French countryside--I realized I had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lost, left my\nmother behind. I was crying the whole time I was in the bus. Then, I went to\nSouthampton [England] by myself and boarded the SS America. It was wintertime,\ntime of the equinox, five days of misery. Then, we were told, \"Here comes the\nStatue of Liberty!\" But actually, I was too sick to go up on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"deck and see the\nStatue of Liberty. I came and I lived in New York. Eventually, my mother joined\nme and I lived there for several years. Took me a good while to learn the\nlanguage. I could read English and I could [read] magazine, newspaper, but I had\ntrouble learning to speak because a lot of my family--I had family there--and\nthey spoke French to me or Yiddish to my mother. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anyway, I met this gentleman\nhere and he told me something that I believed at the time. He told me, \"It is a\nwonderful place, Atlanta. You are going to love it. It does not rain very often,\nbut when it rains, it rains at night only.\" I understand that in Camelot they\nsaid that many years after he did. I came to Atlanta ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and my mother was taking\ncare of my little girl, Dominique. I went to work first for JP Allen. It was a\nspecialty shop. Then, I went to work for Davison's department store. I was\nassistant buyer until my husband started in business in home improvement and\nconstruction. Then, about six months ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"afterward, I joined the company, and I\nbecame the secretary, and telephone lady and all these sort of things. I\nremember, in the beginning, that we were in the business, we were -- on the\ntenth of the month, we had to pay our bills. Very often, because we had expended\nto buy material, we often didn't have enough to pay the bills on the tenth of\nthe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"month. Jack would go to the National Bank of Georgia and borrow money to pay\nthe tenth of the month's bills. Then, about two weeks later, we would repay\nthem. Lo and behold, after about a year, we found that we didn't have to borrow\nmoney anymore and that was -- you know. We worked both very hard. My husband\nused to have dinner somewhere between five in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"afternoon and midnight. We\nworked very hard, and raised our daughter, and my mother helped and we\nprogressed. I suppose if you survive all the things we survived, then you can\nsurvive this, you know, hard work. That never scared us. Eventually, my daughter\ngrew up and went to the University of Georgia. I used to call her ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my 'American\nbeauty.' It was a wonderful family life. I think I'm a little bit touched.\nEventually, much later, we sold our business, and we went into real estate and\nit's been -- My daughter got married. We have two wonderful grandchildren and a\nwonderful son-in-law. Life has been good to us and this ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"country has been\nmagnificent. It really is the country of freedom. I used to think when I learned\nmy French history that that perhaps was the cradle of freedom, but true freedom\nis really in this country, where you can prosper. It is only up to the person to\ndo his best. This brings ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me to now and I thank you for being interested in us.\n\nMarcia: I am going to back up just a little bit because there is some different\ndetails. I know that, Jack, we were talking about that you first owned the\nrestaurant. Then, we kind of skipped over -- I think somewhere in between there,\nyou changed businesses maybe, and then [you two] met. That is where I want to\npick up a little bit.\n\nJack: As I purchased the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"restaurant, and I mentioned before, that I brought my\nbrother and sister-in-law here with -- They had a little child. Matter of fact,\nwe moved where most of the newcomers were. I rented a house on Rankin Street,\nwhich is corner of Boulevard and Rankin, not far from the Georgia Baptist\nHospital. Then, naturally, I had my own place to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"live. We had a very successful business.\n\nMarcia: In the restaurant?\n\nJack: In the restaurant due to the fact that we gave them better service.\n\nJanine: And then?\n\nJack: [What]?\n\nJanine: After the restaurant.\n\nJack: After the restaurant, I decided that I just don't like that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"type of\nbusiness. I didn't like that type of business because it was just people who\ndrink and people, you know -- You just get tired. I sold it to my brother, the\nrestaurant, because he had a family. That was the time that I met my future\nwife. My future wife, the way I met her was I was going back to Europe, back and\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"forth. We had a mutual uncle there. My sister-in-law, that was their cousin. It\nwas my mother-in-law that I promised she will have a good life in America. In\nAtlanta, Georgia, also was a cousin of the same gentleman, which we brought them\nseveral times to visit us here on good occasions. He gave me a little bottle of\nperfume. After nagging me and nagging ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me, I took it to my wife, Janine, and I\ngave it to her. I just -- She made me feel good. She made me feel that America\nis worthwhile. You know, better than Georgia. Maybe or not. But, you know, when\nyou like somebody, you do a lot of things. I came back and asked her for another\ndate. She gave me a date and where we -- I didn't know New York at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all. She took\nme -- I do not know where she took me. She took me to a beach.\n\nJanine: Jones Beach.\n\nJack: It was Jones Beach in New York. That [was] where the romance started. The\nRabbi Epstein has married us. Here, used to be a club, the Mayfair Club, on\nSpring Street. We got married. In New York, you know, apartments was not so much\navailable in those ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"days, but I sent her a chart. I already rented an apartment\nhere. I sent her a chart what color she wants, and I think that did it. The\nliving room, dining room and bedrooms -- This was the Rock Springs Apartments,\nso she was very happy.\n\nJanine: I translated to my mother. I was living in New York. My mother was\nafraid. I translated to my mother in French what 'rock' ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and 'spring' means. I\nreally thought there were rocks and springs. That also decided me.\n\nJack: Then, actually, we lived in apartments. I was -- At that time, I was\nready. I sold the business to my brother what we mentioned it.\n\nJack: I've mentioned to you -- I do not know if you have another minute or so,\nbut I never mentioned to you that in my city there were 5,000 ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews. Fifty\npercent of them survived the war due to the fact that we had the factories and\nworked for the military such a long time. We had much better conditions than we\nhad in the ghettos and in the concentration camp.\n\nJanine: See, that's the difference between [us]. Jack, thank G-d, he is the\noptimist, because I haven't suffered as much as he has, but I've lost so many\npeople. I even ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"now think about how many Leonard Bernstein, or [unintelligible;\n1:00:38], or how many people that could have been. All these people who were\nwasted, all these children who never achieved their potential because they were\nkilled -- I think of all these untold, unknown ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"treasures that never were. I\nguess as I grow older, I think of that more now.\n\nJack: Another thing I want to mention to you is that I've been invited to\nrecently, as well as in the past, to lecture in colleges, which I lecture in\nuniversity. The lecture was about the survival and the sufferings from the\nconcentration camp. Just a few weeks ago, we were invited ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to a University of\nGeorgia. It was Professor [Unintelligible; 1:01:36], who has a chair from\nHolocaust chair there, and every year we practically have been invited there.\nThat to us, it is a pleasure because my granddaughter is there in school. My\nwife comes with me and my daughter comes with me. We have like a family reunion\nat the same time. Though, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when they were younger, I did not let them hear my\nlife story because I didn't feel that they should suffer at the time. Whenever\nwe have occasions to support the Jewish cause, as well as the Jewish\norganizations, and the synagogues, we do it from the bottom of our heart because\nthat's our life.\n\nRuth: What is your message to these young people when you speak to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them?\n\nJack: My message is, number one, I tell them about -- The most important [thing]\nI tell them about [is] where life begins, with a big family, with six people and\nthe poverty that was living around it with. I recognized as a child that I lived\nwithin poverty, but then I was a happy kid, and having a little more bread, a\nlittle something else just to share with my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"friends -- Then, naturally, I tell\nthem when the German comes in, the occupation's forced labor, torture, freezing,\nno clothes, long hours, and very little to eat. Then, I also tell them, when it\ncame to concentration camp, that I worked not far from the ovens of the\ncrematoriums. I was the one that had to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"work around it and witness all the way\nthe people came, and start undressing, and walking in into the washroom, which\nwas converted--the washroom into a sauna and the sauna converted to a gas\nchamber. The gas came in from the top of the roof, you know, as it was done, the\nZyklon and things. At that time, we knew that our day ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will [be] coming. It\nwasn't such a thing. Like, you would start thinking for a moment when you see\nthese people getting killed like you are an old man. Your time is up and that's\nit. There is nothing you can protect yourself. But fortunately, I was\ntransferred from Auschwitz-Birkenau on January the 18th, 1945. We marched a long\ntime. Half of the people that I marched with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"froze to death. Then, they took us\nin more transport and shipped us around from town to town just to wear us out,\nand starve us, or freeze us so that they will have less responsibility and less\nto do with us. The less people they have, the less guards they need.\nFortunately, when I came into a concentration camp, Flossenburg, I saw this was\na ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"death camp. When I saw they announced there goes a transport out toward the\nFrench border and repairing the railroad tracks, the lines, I registered right\naway. I took my little brother with me because I have -- I was his chaperon.\nThat's where we spent the time in the camp. That was not far from where I\nescaped, which ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was Black Forest. That's when the story --\n\nRuth: When you tell that story to these young people, is there something that\nyou hope that they will learn from your story, some way that they might change\nthe way they think about their life and what their purpose in life is?\n\nJack: As you know, the group that we had, the last group was around 55 people.\nOut of the 55 people, I felt half of it took it very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seriously and half took it\nlightly. You need to understand, we live in a different time. You can talk\nserious, and look at somebody, and you think that they believe you, what you are\nsaying. Then, five minutes later, they forget.\n\nJanine: They did.\n\nJack: I probably wouldn't be any different if this were to happen vice versa,\nyou know, but unfortunately, it happened to me. I will say my message is for the\nyoung people to grow up not to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"forget, to being exposed that there was a\nconcentration camp, there was killings, and the six million Jews that\ndisappeared has been a reality, not what some propagandist or somebody can come\nout and dispute these things in court, or not in courts. I was just hope and\npray that they will, at least from my explanation, gain something to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hold in\ntheir life. I didn't tell them for the rest of their life, but in their life,\nbecause you cannot go in too much deep. I told them about torture, but I didn't\ngo into deep subjects, because when you go into deep subjects -- There are some\nfilms coming out, you know, with these killings, and all the blood and that. I\ndidn't want to bring it up.\n\nRuth: What do you get the most ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pleasure -- We have just a few minutes left, but\nit is just to end on a nice, happy note. You have lived a wonderful life\ntogether. What do you enjoy the most now?\n\nJack: The most I enjoy, I think like anybody else, is my family. G-d blessed me\nwith a lovely daughter, that we have very still close relationship. When I got\nill, she didn't move from my bed. She was there all the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time. So did my wife. I\nfeel that they actually are responsible for my life beyond the doctors and\nbeyond anything else. I must have had a feeling that this is what saved me till\nthis day. My happiest things I can give you, the message is: my family is the\nmost closest, dearest, most cherished human beings in my life. I hope, and pray,\nand ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"continue that if, G-d forbid, anything should happen to my family, that I\nshall always be on guard to do it, what they did for me. Now.\n\nJanine: I think I second the motion. We're very family oriented and that gives\nus great pleasure. [Also], we have our two grandchildren, who have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grown up to\nbe really very fine people. I always tell my grandson, \"You were always a\nbeautiful baby and look at you now!\" The same for my granddaughter. Our family\nis the most precious thing for us. We have some dear friends, including your\ndad, Marsha, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people we know for a half a century really. This is also nice,\nto have this continuity in our life.\n\nJack: I also want to mention to you that I was voted among three people very\nrecently--from Eli Wiesel, myself, and another lady. From thousands of people\nthat have been interviewed, the three of us were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"chosen more expressive and to\nthe reality, to the point of that. It has been very -- I've been very grateful\nfor that, that I was capable of expressing myself that way and being understood\nwith the feeling and not just with the similarity. Then actually, I got some\nrewards from the city of Atlanta of being the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust survivor of the camps\nand quite a few other rewards that I have deserved, or maybe not deserved.\n\nJanine: Our life has been an interesting journey, to say the least. It is nice\nlooking back, too. I really have no regrets, not too much.\n\nJack: That you married me.\n\nJanine: Life has been ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"worthwhile. That's pretty good if you can say that about\nthis --\n\nJack: Sure, without question.\n\nJanine: -- about your life and about yourself. I think we feel that way, both of us.\n\nJack: She will be an old great grandmother with my help.\n\nMarcia: Beautiful. I can see where you would have gotten an award because you\nwere very fluent in your interview.\n\nJack: My English has improved through the years, you know, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so I shouldn't have\nany complaints.\n\nMarcia: I want to thank you. I especially --\n\nJanine: I want to thank both of you. I see that smile right above the camera.\nThat's so cute. You, too. Thank you so much. You honor us, really.\n\nJack: I hope we --\n\nJanine: We have done very little, but really survive with some style, let's say.\n\nMarcia: That's great. You did great.\n\nJack: But hopefully we were not --\n\nJanine: Thank you.\n\nJack: -- too ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63396/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nervous.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=4320.0,4350.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Storch, Jack and Janine [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Marcia: I'm Marcia Vrono and I am very fortunate to be able to interview Jack\nand Janine Storch on January 18, 2001. I'm going to start by just letting them\nintroduce themselves, because I think that there may be something really\nimportant in just the name. Janine?\n\nJanine: I'm Janine Storch. My Jewish name is Zelda. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My parents had lost many of\ntheir children, so when I was born, the family said to my mother, \"You need to\nchoose the name of a very old lady.\" We found in the family Bubbe [Yiddish:\nGrandmother] Zelda. That's who I'm named after. I was born in Paris, in France.\nI was ten years old when the war started and eleven when I saw the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first German\npeople I lived through the German occupation of France and I came to this\ncountry end of 1947. I was fortunate that I didn't go to concentration camp,\nthough I had to wear a yellow star. I went to school with that. Life was very\ndifficult. We were not allowed to work. We had to survive. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was very\ndifficult, but here I'm an old lady, and everything in life is a miracle.\n\nMarcia: Jack?\n\nJack: My name is Jack Storch. I come from a large family with six children,\nfather, and mother. We lived in a small town. The population was approximately\n20,000. Out of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the 20,000, there was approximately 5,000 Jews. We were very\nfortunate to have a man. His name used to be Meir Fogel. He had a large factory\nof many thousands of employees. He used to produce the damask linen, damask 500,\nwhich I think it was worldwide knowing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it. As naturally we were the slaves, and\nworking, and forced to work, he was able to live in the same condition that he\nlived before the war because these were the orders from the German government.\nBut then afterwards, they came to him and they said to him they need some\nAmerican currency or English currency to keep on going with the war. He said,\n\"That's no ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"problem.\" He said, \"How much do you need?\" He said, \"It's a million\ndollars.\" You can imagine in 1940 what one million dollars was in Europe. He\nsays, \"Yes, agreeable. I'll give you a million dollars under one condition: that\nyou take me to Alexandria.\" They didn't understand what Alexandria is because\nthere was a little town approximately 45 kilometers from my town, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"also called\nAleksander. But finally, after continuing on the conversation [they understood]\nit was Alexandria in Egypt. That's where he had accounts. He had accounts all\nover the world. They were trying to make the story impossible. But finally, he\ndid give him the half a million dollars at the time when they ask for it. He\nsays, \"The other half a million dollars you will get when we arrive ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in\nAlexandria.\" A few days later, there came a plane and they took him all the way\nto Alexandria. At the time, when he came to Alexandria, all his children were\nrun away to Russia to try to survive. Matter of fact, three out of the four have\nsurvived. When they came to Alexandria, he offered them ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"another two million\ndollars to bring his wife. They promised they will. This has never occurred and\nshe has never survived. This man has survived till 1986. That means 20 some odd\nyears, 27 years, he survived and lived in Israel till he died in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1965. We, as a\nfamily -- My father came to these United States when he was a very young man.\nBecause in those days [Poland] was occupied by the Russians and the Russians\nkept grabbing--like kidnaping--boys and sent them to the army. Most of them\nnever made it back. The food was meager and the clothing was none practically in\nthe 35, 40 ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"degrees below zero. He decides he's not going to stay there. He\nfinally went to Danzig, which is a port in Germany, and lived there for quite a\nwhile until he finally got on the boats. He didn't ask where it goes, but that\nparticular boat that he got on it, he said he's going to help them shovel the\ncoals in to the steamer in order to continue on the voyages. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He didn't know what\nthey were going, but that was his job and he had food, so that was -- They did\ngo to many countries, like all the way down to South America and then Australia.\nThen back the other way. Then, they stopped in New York. In New York, he had a\nlot of friends. They got a two day leave in New York. They encouraged him not to\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go back to Eastern Europe at that time, but to remain as a young boy in America.\nHe grew up here. He had a nice life. By that time, he was corresponding with my\nmother, which was his neighbor all those years. By the time he was 23 or 24\nyears of age, he decided after being in the United States ten years, he ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wanted\nto go back, and marry my mother, and bring her to the United States, which\nunfortunately, that didn't work no more because he came back to Poland in 1913,\nlate 1913. In 1914, the First World War broke out, so there was no chance to get\nall the papers ready for my mother to come to this United ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"States. The Germans\nhave offered my father, due to the fact that he had American passport, to go to\ninternment camp, which all the foreigners were. They were treated differently,\nyou know, with respect and things. But he said that, \"If my family cannot go\nthere, then I'm not interesting to go.\" Then naturally, we had a good life. We\nhad a big ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"house. Nothing was missing in it. My father was a very active Zionist\nperson, though he had several businesses working in the same town. He was trying\nto see that the family was growing at the time. The family was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"growing. When the\nwar naturally came out, that was when trouble started. We were aware of it. I\nwas 12 years of age when the war broke out in 1939. I really was tortured by\nslave labor. We had to get up at seven o'clock in the morning as a kid of 12\nyears of age, tear down all the houses, you know, because there ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were good houses\nand bad houses. The people that were living in there, they got 20 minutes time\nto get out of the houses and we start tearing down on the orders of the SS with\ndogs, with German shepherds, as well as machine guns. We had to start tearing it\ndown once they give us the orders. That was a hard life because that was\nwintertime, because they came in on September the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fourth. They already were in\nmy city and September the first is when the war broke out. Number one, it was --\nYou could feel the -- not just the pressure, but the physical treatment that we\ngot, with beating with sticks, yelling at us, getting the dogs to rip us up the\npants or whatever. We had to do it. There was no other choice. We didn't have\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"any other choice than to do it. Life kept going on for approximately, I would\nsay, in my hometown for a long time. The mayor of the town was the first cousin\nof [Heinrich] Himmler. Since the city was geared to textiles as well as the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"factory that I mentioned to you before, they had -- They were a little bit more\nlenient. We changed these factories to produce uniforms for the German Army, as\nwell as we produced boots, underwear, and fur coats because they were preparing.\nWe didn't know at what. Naturally, after the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"war, in the modern days, you are\nfinding out certain reasons when you watch the films and --\n\nMarcia: Was that your family business? Is that what your family was doing, was\nworking? I mean, had a factory?\n\nJack: In the factory, everybody had to work; each one. We were already thrown\nout from our home and we lived with other people. Then -- I'll come to that in a\nminute. It was horrible to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"see, to get 15 minutes a family of six people, six\nchildren, my father and mother, and we had two others. My aunt, which was my\nmother's sister, we raised her to get married and she lived with us. Besides the\npoint, it was a rough area. One time, they came give us orders to get out of the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"house, take what we could, go where you want. They didn't give us no place, but\nwe had friends. My father had friends and we squeezed in approximately, I'd say,\neight or nine people into one room and we had to get by. We lived like this and\nwe worked like this for at least two years [or] a year and a half. After a year\nand a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"half, the law came out by the Germans that in every city, ten Jews have to\nbe hanged. Among those ten Jews was my mother's brother. Why? Because he came\nfrom another city to our city because the city where he lived was totally\neliminated and sent to Chelmno, which is a concentration camp ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Poland, not far\nfrom the German border. It was a primitive camp due to the fact there were\nhundreds of thousands of people killed. But they didn't have the way of killing\nfast. They said they didn't want to waste any bullets. Unfortunately, I've a\nlittle sister that was taken and she ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"also lost her life there. Then, when we\ncame to the -- One day, they told us, all of us, to come to one place where they\ngoing to hang these people. After they hung these people, we had to march in on\nthe place where the school was. Where the school was--the place where we played\nsport, soccer, you know--they wrapped it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"around, like a gate, with SS, with G-d\nknows how many trucks, because we were approximately 5,000 Jews living in that\nsmall town. That's when the real trouble started. They made a selection that was\n-- Among the selection was my little sister. I also had an older sister ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that was\nolder than Marty. They also took her in, to ship her to the death camp.\nFortunately, I was working for a German citizen, which he had a lot to say. He\nfinally helped me getting out the older sister, but he was unable to get my\nlittle sister because they felt she wouldn't be productive or doing the slave\nlabor at this ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"particular age. As we came out from that place, we were already\nmarching in to the top of the hill, way at the top of the hill to a ghetto. We\ndidn't even know that this ghetto's being built, but directly we marched from\nthis place. Can you imagine with nothing on us except the clothes? No pot, no\npan, no knife, nothing in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ghetto. They didn't give a hoot where we were\ngoing to sleep or where we were going to do. We were trying to, again, to find\npeople where we can divide the lodging, you know. In this ghetto, we were there\napproximately, I would say, not more than a year in the ghetto. Then came the\norders from [Adolf] Hitler himself that we had to [go] from the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ghetto, taking\nat night with a tram and bring us to the larger ghetto, which was Lodz, L-O-D-Z,\nwhich was second to Warsaw. As we were liquidated from the Ozorkow ghetto, we\nwere sent to Lodz by trams. Then, from there, we worked again in factories ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for\nthe military. We didn't stay there too long. Everything [was] under torture, and\npressure, and very little food, not even [enough] to die or survive. I lost my\nfather in the ghetto. The rest of us, we went to Auschwitz-Birkenau. In\nAuschwitz-Birkenau, naturally, we were separated. I only had a little brother\nwith me, which I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tried to keep him all my life with me. My brother Marty--who is\nhere in Atlanta, Georgia--he also survived, but my little brother, we were\nliberated by the French people. We escaped actually, in a forest. My little\nbrother survived with me, but four weeks after survival, he died of typhoid\nfever. That's where tragedy came around. I lived in Germany for four and a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"half\nyears until I came to the United States, to emigrate to the United States. We\ncame to New York, arrived in New York. There were a lot of people that knew my\nfather. They had a newspaper that [said], 'These people are arriving.' They came\nand waited for me. But fortunately, I had a few dollars and I was able to rent a\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"two, three bedroom apartment in a hotel. The hotel used to be named Hotel\nEndicott. It is on 82nd Street in New York. It was very hot. The month was\nSeptember when we arrived.\n\nMarcia: Can I back up just for a minute? When you were liberated, you said you\nwere liberated by the French?\n\nJack: By the French, yes.\n\nMarcia: You ran away? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Is that what you said?\n\nJack: We escaped into the forest. We lived in the forest for 22 days.\n\nMarcia: From Auschwitz-Birkenau?\n\nJack: Not from Auschwitz-Birkenau. This was from a camp near Baden-Baden,\nB-A-D-E-N B-A-D-E-N [Germany].\n\nMarcia: Was this toward end of the war, of course?\n\nJack: It was. Matter of fact, it was in April of 1945.\n\nMarcia: You said you escaped and then were eventually liberated by the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"French?\n\nJack: After, we would spend so many days [in] the forests, which we lost a\ncouple of guys. We were six that we escaped and out of the six, actually three\nof us survived.\n\nMarcia: Was your older brother with you then?\n\nJack: No, my younger brother was with me and all the young people, which I was\nthe leader from all of them. Finally, I had to organize food in order to get by\nbecause we were starving. We were freezing and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"starving. We spent either 21 or\n22 days in the forest. We dig some ditches with our feet and hands and covered\nup ourselves with -- There was very little to cover, but we cuddled and somehow\nwe survived. When we [were liberated] by the French army, they treated us very\nwell. They brought us back to humanity a little bit, but we still all wind up\nwith sickness.\n\nMarcia: The six of you that were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"together, did they all survive that?\n\nJack: No, only three have survived.\n\nMarcia: After, did they put you in any DP camps?\n\nJack: No. Fortunately, in this area, there was no DP camps. From the Black\nForest, where I was survived, I went south more, which the city was the name of\nKonstanz, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"K-O-N-S-T-A-N-Z. I lived there for four and a half years until I\nimmigrated to the United States.\n\nMarcia: Did you ever think of going anywhere else or was it always --\n\nJack: No, due to the fact that my father was living in the United States. [He\nhad] taught us songs that we didn't know what we were singing, but finally,\nafterwards, we were explaining what the meanings were of it. We were really very\nmuch ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"close to the United States, to make sure because we knew about life here,\nand it was probably 100 years advanced then from the primitive life I had to\nlive at. I came to New York on September. [It] was very hot and the heat --\nThere was no way you can find anything of air conditioning, anything like that.\nAfter I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rented the motel, the Hotel Endicott, I decided that I'm not going to\nstay here in New York. I left my brother, my sister-in-law.\n\nMarcia: That's what I was going to ask you. How did you get back to the family after?\n\nJack: It was only Marty.\n\nMarcia: Okay.\n\nJack: Marty and his wife --\n\nMarcia: Where did you find them?\n\nJack: [What?]\n\nMarcia: Where did you find Marty and Dora?\n\nJack: Marty -- In 1945, I traveled around ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany. When I traveled around\nGermany, we came into a place not far from Frankfurt [Germany]. Everybody had to\nwrite down his name--not write it down; but actually spell it, his name. There\ncame a young boy who says, \"You have a brother.\" That shocked me because we\ndidn't expect nobody else to survive. This is after I lost my younger brother.\nThis was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in July -- July, yes, July or August, something like that. He tells me\nI got a brother and I start asking him [questions]. I want to see if he's\ncorrect. I ask him, \"Is my brother's name Isaac? Is my -- Joe? Is my -- Frank,\"\nor whatever it was. He said, \"No.\" I said, \"Could his name be Motek Yankel?\" He\nsaid, \"Stop it. Motek, that's his name.\" What happened is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they, after the\nliberation, my brother was, G-d bless him, in very good physical condition. He\ngot a steer, and he killed a steer, and made it kosher, and start cooking with\nkartoffeln [German: potatoes], with all other things. They got little by little.\nFinally, he brought them back. He brought them back to normal life. The boy told\nme that if it wouldn't be for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him, 35 or 36 of them would never survive. Then, I\ngot all the signs that this is my brother. When I got the signs, it was around\n8:30 at night. The first thing, I went to the train and I took a train to\nPoland. It took me ten days because of all the bridges being bombed and you\ncouldn't get too many trains. If you had a train, you had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thousands of people\nthere waiting. Whoever had strength to get in, got in. If not, they left behind.\nFinally, I came into my hometown and I met my brother. My brother was determined\nto get back our Persian carpet, the candelabras, silverware, and a Singer sewing\nmachine. But I decided we do not stay here one single ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"night. We took the tram\nand went into Lodz, which was 25, 30 kilometers. We didn't -- I didn't care. Due\nto the fact I was already living in the West, I knew somehow, somewhere I can\nget clothes or whatever needs to be done. On the way going to Lodz, he says to\nme he knows a girl. I said, \"In what condition you know her?\" He said, \"Well, I\nthink I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"want to get married.\" [I asked,] \"I mean, what does she feel?\" [He\nsaid,] \"I think she feels the same way.\" We went to that little city,\nAleksander, that we spoke of it before. That was his wife. That was his future\nwife. I took her on the side and asked her, \"Do you love him?\" She said, \"Yes.\"\nI said, \"Do I know anything of him?\" She says, \"Yes.\" I said, \"Are you ready to\nget married?\" That was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"approximately probably three or four o'clock. At five\no'clock, we already had a chuppah with forest brooms, forest stakes, a bottle of\nvodka, a couple of herring, and a loaf of bread. That was the wedding. At 10:00,\nwe knew that there was a train going all the way to the Czechoslovakian border\nbecause I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came illegal to Poland. When we stopped over there just before the\ncrossing the border, we found a cousin there. Matter of fact, he lives right now\nin Denmark and we correspond with him very often. Once the wedding was over, now\nthat was a problem of getting in the train that goes to Czechoslovakia. At\nnight, we crossed the border through the forest. We came in at two ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"o'clock in\nthe morning to Czechoslovakia. I left him before we came into town. I wanted to\nsee what goes on. As I came in to town--which, I knew how to speak\nCzechoslovakian--[I heard,] \"Ruki vverkh!\" [Russian] I knew what 'Ruki vverkh'\nmeans. It means 'Hands up!' But I didn't give in to the understanding. I start\nspeaking to him Czechoslovakian, which this was a Russian ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"officer because it was\noccupied by Russia, by the Russian army. He asked me, \"Gde vy zhivete? [Russian]\nWhere do you live?\" I said, \"Right there.\" He left me alone. Fortunately, in\nEurope--as you may know it or I'll explain to you--every house had the entrance\nand the front entrance was always locked. Fortunately, it was unlocked when I\nknocked on the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"door. When I knocked on the door, an old lady came to the door. I\ntold her who I am and she could see it because of my short hair. I told the\nbabushka [Russian: grandmother], I said, \"I would like to spend the night here\nbecause I'm going to Germaniya [Russian: Germany].\" She says, \"Oh, yes, we will\nbe happy.\" She made she wants to make coffee. I said, \"But there is one\ncondition. I have a brother and a sister-in-law that are not far ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from here. Can\nI also bring them just to spend the night?\" She said, \"Oh, yeah.\" By that time,\nshe had a young daughter. The young daughter took to me. I do not know why or\nwhat. We talked a lot because she knew a few words of French and I knew French\npretty well in those days already.\n\nMarcia: You knew French from being --\n\nJack: No.\n\nMarcia: From the --\n\nJack: I learned French from being in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Auschwitz-Birkenau. If you want to know the\nstory, I'll be happy to tell you that, but let me continue with that. Then, we\ncame actually to that lady. I had a little gold chain with me and I give it to\nthat daughter. Then, she was already sure I'm going to come back to marry her,\nwhich this was not the case, but maybe that's what [they] understood. The next\nday, she went ahead, and buy some tickets, and we came all the way to\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Czechoslovakia. As we came into Czechoslovakia, we saw a big parade. The parade\nwas General Dwight D. Eisenhower with the president of Czechoslovakia, who came\nback from England. His name was [Edvard] Benes. From there, we went all the way\nto the German border through the forest at night, all the way this way. We\nbrought them to a Bavarian town in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bavaria. As we came to Bavaria, I settled my\nbrother in a city called Bamberg, B-A-M-B-E-R-G [Germany]. I settled him over\nthere due to the fact I speak perfect language and my name was Sztorch, like a\nGerman name.\n\nMarcia: That's what I was going to ask you. Was your name Storch?\n\nJack: Same thing. Never changed ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it. I settled him up, and he got a house, and\nraised a family there. Once I saw that I got him secured, I went back to\nKonstanz, because the city of Konstanz was half Switzerland and half Germany.\nWhen they came on the Sabbath, we went to the minyan in Switzerland because they\ndidn't have enough people in that little town, so we were contributing quite a\nbit. From ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that time on, I would start thinking of emigrating to the United\nStates after spending four and a half years in Germany.\n\nMarcia: Then you went to New York?\n\nJack: Yes, I took my brother. I took my brother and my sister-in-law, and Mary.\n\nMarcia: Mary was --\n\nJack: Mary was born in Germany.\n\nMarcia: Mary is your --\n\nJack: My niece. She's my niece. We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"decided -- I had ways of -- How we would say,\n'protected.' That means privileges, you know, to get it, because I was very\nfortunate to have a few dollars. I paid my way all the way to New York. Due to\nthat, I didn't have to wait till my alphabetical number comes up because\notherwise I would have to wait another year. But we came and we came to New\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"York. As I mentioned to you before, we rented a hotel and it was very hot. I\ncouldn't breathe and I was not used to it. I was almost so disgusted. I wanted\nto go back because I come from Switzerland, from a normal country, where there\nnever was a bomb or never any signs of a war. I decided I'm going to buy a car.\nI bought a car in New York without speaking any ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"English, without -- practically\ngetting little advice. I start traveling around, all over the United States. I\nwent to Boston, to upstates, all the way to the end of the United States, turned\naround and went to Canada. I went to Toronto, Quebec, Montreal and Quebec. I\nalways looked up. The first ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thing I looked up was the Jewish place, like a\nsynagogue or whatever the organization was. I was looking for a place to get\nsettled. At that time, Montreal -- Toronto was not a big city. It was not like\nit is today. I did not like particularly these other cities. I turned around and\nwent back. I went all the way with the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"border of Canada, believe it or not,\ngoing all the way to Washington state. It took me a long time, but I was able to\nstart getting a little better in English because I was forced to talk a few words.\n\nMarcia: Were you alone or was your brother --\n\nJack: Alone. I was alone.\n\nMarcia: They were still in New York?\n\nJack: They were still in New York in the hotel. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Finally, I went down all the way\nto Los Angeles -- [no,] first San Francisco, Los Angeles, San Diego. Then, I\ntraveled back. I made a total of 8,500 some odd miles. But as I came to Alabama,\nI cut across to Florida. In Florida, I visited, which I liked it very much, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but\nthere was only one climate: that was hot. I felt coming from Switzerland and\nhaving three seasons, I felt, I'm not going to be comfortable because I looked\nout for my comfort, too. Although, in New York, they offered me to go to New\nJersey, and buy farms, and cattle, and all the other things. I said, \"When do\nyou have to get up?\" They said, \"Three o'clock in the morning\". I said, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"This is\nnot for me.\" I'm still single. I was 22 years of age, or 21, something like\nthat. I had a few dollars and I just didn't like it. As I came back from Florida\nthrough here, I had an uncle here in Atlanta, my mother's brother. Naturally, I\nfelt good because I spoke ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yiddish and he spoke Yiddish with me. He had a factory\nhere. The factory was located on the Mitchell Street and Pryor Road, corner of\nMitchell Street and Pryor Road. There were a lot of Jewish factories there, as\nwell as printing shops. That's right across [from] the [Fulton County]\ncourthouse. I rented a room ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here and I wanted to learn English. I want to see\nhow I can make good English. There was only one school available. They used to\ncall it 'Smith Hughes.' I went four nights. Matter of fact, quite a few of the\nnewcomers were already going to school, and so did I. The things that we learned\nwas, 'I am,' 'They are,' 'We are,' 'Open the window,' 'Open the door,' ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or 'Shut\nthe door,' 'Made the door,' this [kind of] thing. It is nothing but like child\nlanguages. I was very gifted for languages. At that time, I already spoke seven\nlanguages. To me, English was the most difficult one because I felt when I'm\ngoing to come here, I'll go to lessons and learn quick, but that was not the\ncase. I went to work for my uncle for a few ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"weeks. Actually, he wanted me to\nbecome a partner in this factory. I didn't know the system of the American way\nof business. I was very much against it. I said, \"Let me work. Pay me minimum\nwages. Let me see how I can see what business is going.\" The reason I'm bringing\nthis up [is] because while I was in Germany, I was in business ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"already on a\nlarge scale. Coming back here, naturally, I did not depend on wages. I just\nwanted to learn the language and the system of the country. After, I decided --\nThis was actually practically October, November. I worked for him till January.\nAfter that time, I went out and looked for business, what can I go into ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"business\nthat I can understand and do it. I bought a restaurant on January the 15th [or]\nJanuary the 14th, 1950. That was on Marietta Street. Matter of fact, after I\nbought this restaurant--which was the repertoire of the newcomers, you know,\nthat [wanted to know] how come I didn't go in the business that they are,\nbecause most of them were in the grocery business, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which I did not care for\nit--I called my brother right away to pack everything in. He already got a job\nand had everything. I said, \"Pack it up and come down right here.\" He went in\npartnership with me. This was on Marietta Street. The first visitor that came to\nmy store -- What year were you born?\n\nMarcia: [Nineteen] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fifty-two.\n\nJack: Okay. It was [not you,] Marshala. It was Sabala. She [Ida Wise] had Sabala\nthere, brought Sabala with the push car, and came to visit us. Naturally, she\nspoke Yiddisher Litvish and we speak a Polisher Litvish, but somehow we got to\nunderstand each other quite well. My sister-in-law got friends with your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mother,\nor ve shalom [Hebrew: light and peace]. Then, they came in, the whole group, the\nPolisher group and Litviker group.\n\nMarcia: That's what I was going to ask you. About what time -- Were you one of\nthe first ones to come to Atlanta or were you one of the later ones to come to\nAtlanta, to settle in Atlanta?\n\nJack: No, I stopped in Atlanta. I didn't go back no more to New York.\n\nMarcia: This is where you felt like --\n\nJack: I was -- There was a man by the name -- Melvin Warser's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"father, or ve\nshalom. He's the one that recommended the restaurant. The restaurant was already\nin operation for 15 years by Greek people and they were really good businessmen.\nThe kitchen was in perfect shape. We sold a lot of meals because our location\nwas across the street from Hasting Seeds. Sears and Roebuck was there; Simmons\nMattresses ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were there; Anaconda copper or steel; and then was -- behind us were\nthe Techwood house project. We did a lot of business. We served quite a few\nmeals, but our most income came from selling beer and wine.\n\nMarcia: What was the name of the restaurant?\n\nJack: Four Eleven Restaurant [at] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"411 Marietta Street.\n\nMarcia: One of the other things I wanted to ask was: how did you know what other\nfamilies, what other survivors were here? You said people came in right away\nbecause they knew that you were --\n\nJack: That's true. I went to shul [Yiddish: synagogue] on Washington Street,\nwhich was Rabbi [Harry] Epstein. I was able to talk to Rabbi Epstein in Yiddish.\nHe knew I was the newest one. The first thing he asked ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me if I need any help. I\nsaid, \"Thank G-d, Rabbi, I don't, but if I can be accepted in your shul as a\nmember, I'll be happy to join the membership of your shul.\" I said, \"I come from\na Jewish background.\" He started asking me a lot of questions. He said, \"It will\nbe a pleasure to have you,\" and, \"The first time you come to shul, if you come\non a Shabbos, you will be granted with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an Aliyah and welcome to Atlanta,\" which\nthat's what did happen. His wife -- Rita?\n\nMarcia: Reva [Epstein].\n\nJack: Reva spoke perfect French and she spoke perfect Russian. We were able to\nconverse. Then, naturally after that, when I got married, we used to go on\nvacations together. My wife, naturally, [as a] Parisian, Reva wanted to pick up\nbetter French that she overlooked it. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We [became] very good friends, so from\nthat point on, I met a lot of people.\n\nMarcia: Did you feel like you could relate to as many Americans or did you\npretty much stay in the survivor [community]?\n\nJack: Mostly it was the survivors. As your sister will tell you, there used to\nbe a Piedmont Park [meeting]. That was the meeting from all the Jewish survivors\nto meet [at] the Piedmont ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Park, which was not far from your house and everybody\nelse's houses. Each one told the stories about where they were, what ghetto they\nwere [in], what people they knew, so it became a kind of very close society.\n\nRuth: I just wanted to ask you. You came out of Auschwitz-Birkenau as a\nteenager. You had no -- I mean, your education had been stopped. You had very\nfew members of your family left. How did you make this wonderful ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"transformation\nfrom a concentration camp inmate without much of an education to a businessman?\nHow did you do that?\n\nJack: Let me give you the original story. My father, may his soul rest in peace,\nhad a friend in Zurich, Switzerland, and he told me his name. I never forgot\nthis name because it was a simple name. It was Moshes Schwartz. Moshes Schwartz\nused to live in Zurich, and due to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fact that I was able to go in to\nSwitzerland, I went to visit him. When I went to visit him, he was a very\nwell-to-do man and he offered me a loan to do business. The business was mostly\ncoffee because I used to buy coffee in Switzerland and transport it to Germany,\nBelgium, Holland or Luxembourg. He's the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one. I had the business background\nalready, but he made things come true for me and he lent me, in those days, I\nthink it was approximately $500. That was a lot of money in those days. That was\n1947. Before I came to the United States, I was already a wholesaler dealing in\ncoffee as well as Cadbury chocolate, which comes from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"England. I was invited to\nthe Cadbury factory, meet the president there. I used to buy by the many tons. I\ncould buy as much as 100 tons, which was hundred thousand kilogram, which is 220\npounds in the English. I transported this to Hamburg, Bergen Belsen and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Berlin\n[Germany]. At that time, I was around 21 years of age or 20 years of age,\nsomething like that.\n\nMarcia: That was within the four years that you spent --\n\nJack: That's correct.\n\nMarcia: After --\n\nJack: The four and a half years.\n\nMarcia: When you -- During the war, of course, all of your education stopped.\nHow old were you in between that span? It started when you were, what? Sixteen,\n17 years?\n\nJack: I was 17 years of age when the war --\n\nMarcia: Up until 17 years ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"old --\n\nJack: After, I was 17 years of age, which is, as I said, I lost my brother,\nwhich was the greatest tragedy in my life. I buried him in a cemetery in\nGermany, which is 20 kilometers from Switzerland. Whenever I go to Europe -- I\nput a tombstone, brought it from Germany with the rabbi signatures, and written\nin ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hebrew as well as German, that he was a victim of the German thing, which I\ngot pictures of already. When I lost my brother, naturally I came to the big\ntown and that's when I started the business.\n\nMarcia: You lost your brother after the war ended?\n\nJack: I lost [him], matter of fact, four weeks after the war, after the\nliberation. That's when I lost him on typhoid fever. I was trying ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to -- Due to\nthe fact that I spoke French, I was trying to get some medication, but there was\nnone available, not even for the French army, so, it was --\n\nRuth: One other question. What was your feeling about being in Germany right\nafter the war? I mean, what was your feeling about the Germans and how did they\ntreat you?\n\nJack: At that particular area where I was liberated, which is Konstanz, they\nnever had a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"war because they were able to get food from Switzerland. There was\nno bombardment. There was no relocations. It was a very great city of culture.\nFortunately, I had my own apartment there and I was mixing with people with\nculture because you had to. If you live in a town, you are not going to\nsegregate yourself because the only thing you can do is gain personality and\nthings that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you didn't get it in a concentration camp or in Eastern Europe,\nwhere we were so much backwards compared to the Western countries.\n\nMarcia: Okay. Up until this point, we have been talking about your years in the\ncamp very briefly, and then your liberation, and how many years you spent in\nGermany. Now, we were looking to [transition] to Atlanta.\n\nJack: Yes.\n\nMarcia: -- how you bought a car and you are going to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta. We were going to\nbring Janine into the picture, and see a little bit about how you two got\nstarted, and basically, how you -- what you were doing during those years of the\nwar. [We know] the things that Jack was doing. What were you doing during the war?\n\nJanine: I was in school and I went to school. We had two ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cousins. In the group\nof a thousand students, there were three yellow stars: my two cousins and\nmyself. Though I'm proud to be Jewish, it wasn't that comfortable. Especially as\na young teenager, you want to belong. You want to be like everybody else and we\nweren't. We had many things we were not allowed. But anyway, in August of 19--\nWe lived in the suburb, we had the family home, and most of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family had been\narrested. It was my mother, my two cousins and I. We finished the war there. In\nthat August of 1944, we were liberated by the American soldiers. At that time,\nwhen I looked at these young people coming--our liberators--in the Jeeps, it\nseemed to me like everybody was seven feet tall and --\n\nMarcia: Your being so young, did you know what was going on?\n\nJanine: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We had -- In France, we had no idea. We used to listen to clandestine\nradio from London, but we had no idea what went on in concentration camp. We\nknew that people were being arrested and disappeared. In Paris in 1943, they\narrested 10,000 people in one time and hoarded them in the Velodrome d'Hiver.\nThat's like a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"circus. Then wrote their names, and everything, and shipped them\nout. My parents' friends, my cousin, my mother's cousin, all of these people\ndisappeared. We really didn't know where they were until after the liberation.\nWe went to the Red Cross and we started asking for everybody. Only one person\nthat I know from all the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people who were arrested--the French people couldn't\nsurvive this misery--one person survived and everybody else didn't. Then,\nshortly after that, I made my way to the New World. I left my mother behind. I\nwas excited about coming, but once the bus went towards the English Channel--we\nwere driving through the French countryside--I realized I had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lost, left my\nmother behind. I was crying the whole time I was in the bus. Then, I went to\nSouthampton [England] by myself and boarded the SS America. It was wintertime,\ntime of the equinox, five days of misery. Then, we were told, \"Here comes the\nStatue of Liberty!\" But actually, I was too sick to go up on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"deck and see the\nStatue of Liberty. I came and I lived in New York. Eventually, my mother joined\nme and I lived there for several years. Took me a good while to learn the\nlanguage. I could read English and I could [read] magazine, newspaper, but I had\ntrouble learning to speak because a lot of my family--I had family there--and\nthey spoke French to me or Yiddish to my mother. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anyway, I met this gentleman\nhere and he told me something that I believed at the time. He told me, \"It is a\nwonderful place, Atlanta. You are going to love it. It does not rain very often,\nbut when it rains, it rains at night only.\" I understand that in Camelot they\nsaid that many years after he did. I came to Atlanta ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and my mother was taking\ncare of my little girl, Dominique. I went to work first for JP Allen. It was a\nspecialty shop. Then, I went to work for Davison's department store. I was\nassistant buyer until my husband started in business in home improvement and\nconstruction. Then, about six months ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"afterward, I joined the company, and I\nbecame the secretary, and telephone lady and all these sort of things. I\nremember, in the beginning, that we were in the business, we were -- on the\ntenth of the month, we had to pay our bills. Very often, because we had expended\nto buy material, we often didn't have enough to pay the bills on the tenth of\nthe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"month. Jack would go to the National Bank of Georgia and borrow money to pay\nthe tenth of the month's bills. Then, about two weeks later, we would repay\nthem. Lo and behold, after about a year, we found that we didn't have to borrow\nmoney anymore and that was -- you know. We worked both very hard. My husband\nused to have dinner somewhere between five in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"afternoon and midnight. We\nworked very hard, and raised our daughter, and my mother helped and we\nprogressed. I suppose if you survive all the things we survived, then you can\nsurvive this, you know, hard work. That never scared us. Eventually, my daughter\ngrew up and went to the University of Georgia. I used to call her ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my 'American\nbeauty.' It was a wonderful family life. I think I'm a little bit touched.\nEventually, much later, we sold our business, and we went into real estate and\nit's been -- My daughter got married. We have two wonderful grandchildren and a\nwonderful son-in-law. Life has been good to us and this ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"country has been\nmagnificent. It really is the country of freedom. I used to think when I learned\nmy French history that that perhaps was the cradle of freedom, but true freedom\nis really in this country, where you can prosper. It is only up to the person to\ndo his best. This brings ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me to now and I thank you for being interested in us.\n\nMarcia: I am going to back up just a little bit because there is some different\ndetails. I know that, Jack, we were talking about that you first owned the\nrestaurant. Then, we kind of skipped over -- I think somewhere in between there,\nyou changed businesses maybe, and then [you two] met. That is where I want to\npick up a little bit.\n\nJack: As I purchased the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"restaurant, and I mentioned before, that I brought my\nbrother and sister-in-law here with -- They had a little child. Matter of fact,\nwe moved where most of the newcomers were. I rented a house on Rankin Street,\nwhich is corner of Boulevard and Rankin, not far from the Georgia Baptist\nHospital. Then, naturally, I had my own place to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"live. We had a very successful business.\n\nMarcia: In the restaurant?\n\nJack: In the restaurant due to the fact that we gave them better service.\n\nJanine: And then?\n\nJack: [What]?\n\nJanine: After the restaurant.\n\nJack: After the restaurant, I decided that I just don't like that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"type of\nbusiness. I didn't like that type of business because it was just people who\ndrink and people, you know -- You just get tired. I sold it to my brother, the\nrestaurant, because he had a family. That was the time that I met my future\nwife. My future wife, the way I met her was I was going back to Europe, back and\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"forth. We had a mutual uncle there. My sister-in-law, that was their cousin. It\nwas my mother-in-law that I promised she will have a good life in America. In\nAtlanta, Georgia, also was a cousin of the same gentleman, which we brought them\nseveral times to visit us here on good occasions. He gave me a little bottle of\nperfume. After nagging me and nagging ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me, I took it to my wife, Janine, and I\ngave it to her. I just -- She made me feel good. She made me feel that America\nis worthwhile. You know, better than Georgia. Maybe or not. But, you know, when\nyou like somebody, you do a lot of things. I came back and asked her for another\ndate. She gave me a date and where we -- I didn't know New York at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all. She took\nme -- I do not know where she took me. She took me to a beach.\n\nJanine: Jones Beach.\n\nJack: It was Jones Beach in New York. That [was] where the romance started. The\nRabbi Epstein has married us. Here, used to be a club, the Mayfair Club, on\nSpring Street. We got married. In New York, you know, apartments was not so much\navailable in those ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"days, but I sent her a chart. I already rented an apartment\nhere. I sent her a chart what color she wants, and I think that did it. The\nliving room, dining room and bedrooms -- This was the Rock Springs Apartments,\nso she was very happy.\n\nJanine: I translated to my mother. I was living in New York. My mother was\nafraid. I translated to my mother in French what 'rock' ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and 'spring' means. I\nreally thought there were rocks and springs. That also decided me.\n\nJack: Then, actually, we lived in apartments. I was -- At that time, I was\nready. I sold the business to my brother what we mentioned it.\n\nJack: I've mentioned to you -- I do not know if you have another minute or so,\nbut I never mentioned to you that in my city there were 5,000 ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews. Fifty\npercent of them survived the war due to the fact that we had the factories and\nworked for the military such a long time. We had much better conditions than we\nhad in the ghettos and in the concentration camp.\n\nJanine: See, that's the difference between [us]. Jack, thank G-d, he is the\noptimist, because I haven't suffered as much as he has, but I've lost so many\npeople. I even ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"now think about how many Leonard Bernstein, or [unintelligible;\n1:00:38], or how many people that could have been. All these people who were\nwasted, all these children who never achieved their potential because they were\nkilled -- I think of all these untold, unknown ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"treasures that never were. I\nguess as I grow older, I think of that more now.\n\nJack: Another thing I want to mention to you is that I've been invited to\nrecently, as well as in the past, to lecture in colleges, which I lecture in\nuniversity. The lecture was about the survival and the sufferings from the\nconcentration camp. Just a few weeks ago, we were invited ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to a University of\nGeorgia. It was Professor [Unintelligible; 1:01:36], who has a chair from\nHolocaust chair there, and every year we practically have been invited there.\nThat to us, it is a pleasure because my granddaughter is there in school. My\nwife comes with me and my daughter comes with me. We have like a family reunion\nat the same time. Though, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when they were younger, I did not let them hear my\nlife story because I didn't feel that they should suffer at the time. Whenever\nwe have occasions to support the Jewish cause, as well as the Jewish\norganizations, and the synagogues, we do it from the bottom of our heart because\nthat's our life.\n\nRuth: What is your message to these young people when you speak to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them?\n\nJack: My message is, number one, I tell them about -- The most important [thing]\nI tell them about [is] where life begins, with a big family, with six people and\nthe poverty that was living around it with. I recognized as a child that I lived\nwithin poverty, but then I was a happy kid, and having a little more bread, a\nlittle something else just to share with my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"friends -- Then, naturally, I tell\nthem when the German comes in, the occupation's forced labor, torture, freezing,\nno clothes, long hours, and very little to eat. Then, I also tell them, when it\ncame to concentration camp, that I worked not far from the ovens of the\ncrematoriums. I was the one that had to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"work around it and witness all the way\nthe people came, and start undressing, and walking in into the washroom, which\nwas converted--the washroom into a sauna and the sauna converted to a gas\nchamber. The gas came in from the top of the roof, you know, as it was done, the\nZyklon and things. At that time, we knew that our day ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will [be] coming. It\nwasn't such a thing. Like, you would start thinking for a moment when you see\nthese people getting killed like you are an old man. Your time is up and that's\nit. There is nothing you can protect yourself. But fortunately, I was\ntransferred from Auschwitz-Birkenau on January the 18th, 1945. We marched a long\ntime. Half of the people that I marched with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"froze to death. Then, they took us\nin more transport and shipped us around from town to town just to wear us out,\nand starve us, or freeze us so that they will have less responsibility and less\nto do with us. The less people they have, the less guards they need.\nFortunately, when I came into a concentration camp, Flossenburg, I saw this was\na ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"death camp. When I saw they announced there goes a transport out toward the\nFrench border and repairing the railroad tracks, the lines, I registered right\naway. I took my little brother with me because I have -- I was his chaperon.\nThat's where we spent the time in the camp. That was not far from where I\nescaped, which ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was Black Forest. That's when the story --\n\nRuth: When you tell that story to these young people, is there something that\nyou hope that they will learn from your story, some way that they might change\nthe way they think about their life and what their purpose in life is?\n\nJack: As you know, the group that we had, the last group was around 55 people.\nOut of the 55 people, I felt half of it took it very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seriously and half took it\nlightly. You need to understand, we live in a different time. You can talk\nserious, and look at somebody, and you think that they believe you, what you are\nsaying. Then, five minutes later, they forget.\n\nJanine: They did.\n\nJack: I probably wouldn't be any different if this were to happen vice versa,\nyou know, but unfortunately, it happened to me. I will say my message is for the\nyoung people to grow up not to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"forget, to being exposed that there was a\nconcentration camp, there was killings, and the six million Jews that\ndisappeared has been a reality, not what some propagandist or somebody can come\nout and dispute these things in court, or not in courts. I was just hope and\npray that they will, at least from my explanation, gain something to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hold in\ntheir life. I didn't tell them for the rest of their life, but in their life,\nbecause you cannot go in too much deep. I told them about torture, but I didn't\ngo into deep subjects, because when you go into deep subjects -- There are some\nfilms coming out, you know, with these killings, and all the blood and that. I\ndidn't want to bring it up.\n\nRuth: What do you get the most ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pleasure -- We have just a few minutes left, but\nit is just to end on a nice, happy note. You have lived a wonderful life\ntogether. What do you enjoy the most now?\n\nJack: The most I enjoy, I think like anybody else, is my family. G-d blessed me\nwith a lovely daughter, that we have very still close relationship. When I got\nill, she didn't move from my bed. She was there all the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time. So did my wife. I\nfeel that they actually are responsible for my life beyond the doctors and\nbeyond anything else. I must have had a feeling that this is what saved me till\nthis day. My happiest things I can give you, the message is: my family is the\nmost closest, dearest, most cherished human beings in my life. I hope, and pray,\nand ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"continue that if, G-d forbid, anything should happen to my family, that I\nshall always be on guard to do it, what they did for me. Now.\n\nJanine: I think I second the motion. We're very family oriented and that gives\nus great pleasure. [Also], we have our two grandchildren, who have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grown up to\nbe really very fine people. I always tell my grandson, \"You were always a\nbeautiful baby and look at you now!\" The same for my granddaughter. Our family\nis the most precious thing for us. We have some dear friends, including your\ndad, Marsha, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people we know for a half a century really. This is also nice,\nto have this continuity in our life.\n\nJack: I also want to mention to you that I was voted among three people very\nrecently--from Eli Wiesel, myself, and another lady. From thousands of people\nthat have been interviewed, the three of us were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"chosen more expressive and to\nthe reality, to the point of that. It has been very -- I've been very grateful\nfor that, that I was capable of expressing myself that way and being understood\nwith the feeling and not just with the similarity. Then actually, I got some\nrewards from the city of Atlanta of being the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust survivor of the camps\nand quite a few other rewards that I have deserved, or maybe not deserved.\n\nJanine: Our life has been an interesting journey, to say the least. It is nice\nlooking back, too. I really have no regrets, not too much.\n\nJack: That you married me.\n\nJanine: Life has been ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"worthwhile. That's pretty good if you can say that about\nthis --\n\nJack: Sure, without question.\n\nJanine: -- about your life and about yourself. I think we feel that way, both of us.\n\nJack: She will be an old great grandmother with my help.\n\nMarcia: Beautiful. I can see where you would have gotten an award because you\nwere very fluent in your interview.\n\nJack: My English has improved through the years, you know, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so I shouldn't have\nany complaints.\n\nMarcia: I want to thank you. I especially --\n\nJanine: I want to thank both of you. I see that smile right above the camera.\nThat's so cute. You, too. Thank you so much. You honor us, really.\n\nJack: I hope we --\n\nJanine: We have done very little, but really survive with some style, let's say.\n\nMarcia: That's great. You did great.\n\nJack: But hopefully we were not --\n\nJanine: Thank you.\n\nJack: -- too ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/transcript/63415/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nervous.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=4320.0,4350.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGerman forces attacked Belgium, the Netherlands, and France from the west on May 10, 1940. Paris fell to the Germans on June 14, 1940. On June 22, 1940, France signed an armistice with Germany, which went into effect on June 25, 1940. The Occupied Zone, under German rule, included the country’s West, North, and East, including Paris. The Free Zone, under the control of the new government led by Marshal Phillip Pétain and his deputy Pierre Lavale, covered the South of the country, including the city of Vichy, where the government was based.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Magen David [Hebrew: Shield of David], or as it is more commonly known, the Star of David, is the symbol most commonly associated with Judaism today. During the Holocaust, the symbol was used by the Nazis to identify and isolate Jews. In September 1941, Joseph Goebbels, the Nazi Propaganda Minister, issued a law requiring Jews over the age of six to wear a yellow Jewish star, or Magen David, on their outer garments. The following year, Jews in lands under German control were also forced to wear the Star. On May 29, 1942, German authorities issued a decree—to take effect on June 7—that all Jews in occupied France must wear the yellow star. The design of the badge varied from region to region. In France, Jews wore a yellow Star of David outlined in black with Juif [French: Jewish] written in Hebraic style. The German government’s policy of forcing Jews to wear identifying badges was but one of many psychological tactics aimed at isolating and dehumanizing the Jews of Europe, directly marking them as being different (i.e., inferior) to everyone else. It allowed for the easier facilitation of their separation from society and subsequent ghettoization, which ultimately led to their deportation and murder. Those who failed or refused to wear the badge risked severe punishment, including death.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJack lived in a town called Ozorkow [Polish: Ozorków; also Ozorkov]. Ozorkow was a textile manufacturing community in central Poland, 26 kilometers (16 miles) northwest of Lodz. Before World War II, Ozorkow was less than 150 kilometers (less than 95 miles) east of the German border. At the outbreak of World War II, the town had about 15,000 inhabitants, including just over 5,000 Jews and the rest being about equal parts German and Polish.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMeir Fogel owned the largest factory in Ozorkow. In 1935, the factory employed more than 3,000 employees.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 1866, Ozorkow had become a protected city of the Russian Empire, which had mandatory conscription.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War I, also called First World War or Great War, was an international conflict that in 1914–18 embroiled most of the nations of Europe along with Russia, the United States, the Middle East, and other regions. The war pitted the Central Powers—mainly Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey—against the Allies—mainly France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, Japan, and, from 1917, the United States. When the war started, Poland’s territory was divided among the empires of Germany, Russia and Austro-Hungary. World War I ended with the defeat of the Central Powers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eZionism is a movement which supports a Jewish national state in the territory defined as the Land of Israel. Although Zionism existed before the nineteenth century, in the 1890s Theodor Herzl popularized it and gave it a new urgency, as he believed that Jewish life in Europe was threatened and a State of Israel was needed. The State of Israel was established in 1948 and Zionism today is expressed as support for the continued existence of Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II began when Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. Fierce battles over Ozorkow took place and many residents—including Jews—were killed. Initially the Germans were forced to retreat, but finally took the city on September 5 or 7, 1939.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWhen Germany conquered Poland in the autumn of 1939 and established the General Government, all Jewish and Polish males between the ages of 18 and 60 were required to perform unpaid forced labor. Forced labor was part of the systematic persecution of Jews but also served as a method for economic gain and to meet the increasingly desperate labor shortages necessary for the war effort. The Nazis subjected millions of people (both Jews and other victim groups) to forced, or slave labor, both inside and outside concentration camps, often under brutal conditions. Forced labor was often pointless and humiliating, and imposed without proper equipment, clothing, nourishment, or rest.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe SS or Schutzstaffel was a major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party. It began at the end of 1920 as a small, permanent guard unit known as the “Saal-Schutz” to provide security for party meetings. Later, in 1925, Heinrich Himmler joined the unit, which had by then been reformed and renamed the “Schutz-Staffel.” Under his leadership, it grew from a small paramilitary formation to one of the largest and most powerful organizations in the Third Reich and was responsible for many of the crimes against humanity during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe identity of the mayor Jack is referring to is unclear. Heinrich Himmler was the Reich Leader (Reichsführer) of the dreaded SS from 1929 until 1945. Himmler presided over a vast ideological and bureaucratic empire that defined him for many, both inside and outside the Third Reich, as the second most powerful man in Germany during World War II. Himmler was the key and senior Nazi official responsible for conceiving, and overseeing implementation of the “Final Solution,” the German plan to murder the Jews of Europe. Despite having continuously assured his SS officers and men that he ultimately would take responsibility for all of their actions, the end of the war found Himmler dressed in Secret Field Police uniform with papers in the name of “Heinrich Hitzinger.” He was captured by Russian soldiers on May 20, 1945, and turned over to the British, to whom he eventually confessed his identity. On May 23, 1945, while undergoing a body search, he killed himself by biting down on a cyanide capsule hidden in his mouth.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAt the end of 1939 and beginning of 1940, Jews living on the main streets of Ozorkow or in the nicest houses were ordered to move into a designated part of the city that became an open ghetto. An open ghetto was established in Ozorkow in the summer of 1941. About half of the Jews in Ozorkow lived in the ghetto while the rest were able to continue living elsewhere in town until the end of 1941. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn April 25, 1942, the Germans ordered that eight or ten Ozorkow Jews be publicly hanged on the market square, forcing the Jewish Police to participate in the executions.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eChelmno was the first death camp in Poland. It was opened in December 1941. It was an experiment to see if bringing the Jews to a site was more efficient that sending the Einsatzgruppen to find them, one community at a time. It was. The Jews were brought to the village of Chelmno to a manor house, where they were told to take off their clothes and leave their belongings. Then they were loaded onto trucks about 50 to 70 at a time. The trucks were specially modified so that the exhaust gas didn’t go out the tailpipe but was directed up into the sealed cargo area where the Jews were loaded. As the truck drove from the village to the camp site where the mass graves were the Jews died of carbon monoxide poisoning or suffocation. When the truck arrived at the forest camp the bodies were unloaded, thrown into the mass graves and then the truck returned for more. It took about 20 minutes to make the one-way trip. Many of the Jews murdered there came from Lodz, which was about 60 miles away as well as many other small Jewish communities in the area. In March 1943, it was closed and the graves dug up, the bodies burned, and the ashes returned to the pits. Then in April 1944 it was opened again briefly to receive and murder the last Jews from Lodz. Altogether, at least 125,000 Jews were murdered there although the number is probably higher.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eImmediately after the April 25, 1942 hangings, the Jews of Orzokow were taken to a school and sorted into two categories, A and B. All of the “B” Jews—almost half of the ghetto population and mostly young children and adolescents—were taken by trucks to the Chelmno extermination camp.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSometime towards the end of 1941, the Ozorkow ghetto was fenced in. The ghetto was in the Wiatraki suburb of Ozorkow along what are now as Partyzantow, Polna and Krasicki and Streets. Meanwhile, Jews from the surrounding areas, including the towns of Piatk and Parczew, were being resettled and concentrated in Ozorkow. By early 1942, there were around 5,000 Jews living there.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn May 21-22, 1942, 1,387 Ozorkow Jews were selected as laborers and transferred to the Lodz ghetto. About 1,000 Jews remained in the ghetto until August 1942, when more were selected as laborers and sent to Lodz, and all the others killed.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAdolf Hitler (1889-1945) was a German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and Führer (“leader”) of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator of Nazi Germany, he initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939 and was a central figure of the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLodz [Polish: Łódź] was a large textile manufacturing city and Jewish cultural center about 75 miles from Warsaw and approximately 230 kilometers (143 miles) east of the German border. The Germans occupied it on September 8, 1939. On December 10, 1939, a ghetto was established on 4.13 square kilometers (almost 1.6 square miles) in the northern neighborhoods of the city. The living conditions in the ghetto, including food rations, were very poor because the ghetto was hermetically sealed. The mortality rate was very high. Waves of Jews from the surrounding area and Western Europe were pushed into the Lodz ghetto making the total number of Jews who passed through it at over 200,000. After a series of Aktions in 1942, the ghetto was turned into a work camp and by August 1944 the ghetto had been completely liquidated. Some Jews were sent to a temporarily re-opened Chelmno and murdered. Most were sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau.   \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn May 21-22, 1942, 1,387 Jews were sent to Lodz as laborers. A final selection took place in August 1942. More workers were selected for the Lodz ghetto and all the others were killed.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn May 21-22, 1942, 1,387 Jews were sent to Lodz as laborers. A final selection took place in August 1942. More workers were selected for the Lodz ghetto and all the others were killed.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBetween January 1, 1943 and March 31, 1943, German SS and police authorities deported approximately 105,000 Jews from Lodz to Auschwitz-Birkenau. Auschwitz-Birkenau was a network of camps built and operated by Germany just outside the Polish town of Oswiecem (renamed ‘Auschwitz’ by the Germans) in Polish areas annexed by Germany during World War II. It is estimated that the SS and police deported at a minimum 1.3 million people (approximately 1.1 million of which were Jews) to the Auschwitz-Birkenau complex between 1940 and 1945. Camp authorities murdered 1.1 million of these prisoners.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTyphoid fever is a disease caused by consuming food or drink that have a been contaminated with bacteria. It impacts the organs and if treatment isn't provided it can be fatal.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBaden-Baden is a spa town in south-western Germany, at the north-western border of the Black Forest. Nazi Germany and its allies established over 44000 concentration camps and incarceration sites during the Holocaust. Some existed only briefly and sometimes no documentation is available. It  is unclear which camp Jack is referring to. According to an interview Jack gave the USC Shoah Foundation in 1996, he was liberated in Donaueschingen, a village in the Black Forest, about 57 miles (92 kilometers) south of Baden-Baden.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe war in Europe officially ended on May 7, 1945 when German General Alfred Jodl signed an unconditional surrender to the Allies in Reims, France. The following day, Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel officially surrendered to Soviet forces in Berlin. May 8 was celebrated by the Allies as “V-E Day,” which stands for “victory in Europe.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWhen hostilities ended on May 8, 1945 in Europe, liberated Jews plagued by illness and exhaustion, emerged from concentration camps and hiding places to discover a world in which they had no place. Bereft of home and family, and reluctant to return to their pre-war homelands, these Jews were joined in a matter of months by more than 150,000 other Jews fleeing fierce antisemitism in Poland, Hungary, Romania and Russia. Allied forces established temporary facilities (displaced persons camps) in camps and urban centers across Germany, Austria, and Italy. From 1945 to 1952, more than 250,000 Jewish displaced persons (DPs) lived in the DP camps. Allied authorities and the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) administered these facilities. Eventually, DPs were repatriated to their home countries, reestablished themselves in new countries or immigrated outside of Europe. Most of the DP camps were closed by 1950.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Black Forest is a mountainous region in southwest Germany, bordering France.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKonstanz is a city located in south Germany on the western end of Lake Constance. The German-Swiss border runs along the southwestern and southern edge of the city, demarcating it from the Swiss town of Kreuzlingen. Its proximity to neutral Switzerland meant Konstanz was not bombed by Allied Forces during World War II.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Hotel Endicott opened in 1891 as luxury hotel and apartments. The seven story building sits between 81st and 82nd St. on Columbus Avenue inNew York City's Upper West Side. By the end of the Depression, the neighborhood had gone downhill and the hotel gradually fell into disrepair. In the late 1970s, the area improved and the hotel underwent renovations. Today, it is a co-op of luxury apartments.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKashrut is a set of dietary laws dealing with the foods that Jews are permitted to eat and how those foods must be prepared according to Jewish law. Food that may be consumed is deemed kosher, from the Ashkenazi pronunciation of the Hebrew term kashér, meaning \"fit\" (in this context, \"fit for consumption\").\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSinger Corporation is an American manufacturer of consumer sewing machines, first established as I. M. Singer \u0026amp; Co. in 1851 by Isaac M. Singer with New York lawyer Edward C. Clark. Best known for its sewing machines, it was renamed Singer Manufacturing Company in 1865, then the Singer Company in 1963.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA chuppah [Hebrew: canopy] is the canopy under which a Jewish wedding takes place.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDespite their wartime alliance, tensions between the Soviet Union and the United States and Great Britain intensified rapidly as the World War II came to a close. After Germany’s surrender in 1945, Soviet troops occupied most of Eastern Europe. As Soviet power and influence expanded, a communist dictatorship was established under Josef Stalin, who led the Soviet Union from the mid–1920s until 1953. Several countries in Eastern Europe—Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and East Germany—operated as Soviet satellite states. These countries were not officially part of the USSR, but their governments were loyal Stalinists, and therefore looked to and aligned themselves with the Soviet Union politically and militarily via the Warsaw Pact. After liberation, many Eastern European Jewish survivors encountered manifestations of antisemitism, hostility, and violence from the local populations when they returned home. In 1946, a surge of Jewish survivors and refugees from the Soviet Union flooded into the western Allies’ zones, hoping to escape the anti-Jewish violence and further persecution from Stalin’s regime. By that time, escalating tensions between the Soviet Union and the western European countries that were allied to the United States had created a political, military, and ideological barrier that divided Europe. In order to curb a concentration of anti-communist political expatriates in the West, the Soviet Union began closing borders.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAt the end of World War II, Czechoslovakia was occupied by the Soviet troops who had liberated it.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDwight David Eisenhower (1890-1969) was the 34th President of the United States, serving from 1953 until 1961. During World War II, he was a five-star general in the United States Army and served as Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces in Europe, headquartered in Reims, France. When he visited Prague, Czechoslovakia six months after the war ended, on October 12, 1945, he was given an enthusiastic welcome by cheering crowds who lined the streets as his car passed.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEdvard Benes (1884-1948) was a Czech politician who was twice President of Czechoslovakia (1935–1938 and 1945–1948). He was also Minister of Foreign Affairs, 4th Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia and the President of Czechoslovakia’s government-in-exile. He resigned as president in October 1938 after ceding to Adolf Hitler’s demands during the Czech crisis of 1938 and went into exile. After the outbreak of World War II, he headed the Czech government-in-exile in London. He was allowed to return after the war and established a new government, which cooperated closely with the Soviet Union. Benes refused to accept a Communist-dominated cabinet or to sign the new constitution, however, and resigned in June 1948—three months before he died.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBamberg, Germany is located in Upper Franconia, Germany. The city dates back to the 9th century and its name was derived from the nearby Babenberch castle. After World War II, the city was an important base for the Bavarian, Germany and American military.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA minyan refers to the quorum of ten Jewish adults required for certain religious obligation. While traditionally only males counted toward the quorum, in many non-Orthodox streams of Judaism adult females count in the minyan. A minyan is needed in Jewish communal prayer for certain components of the regular daily or Shabbat services, reading from the Torah and haftarah portions in synagogue, and saying Kaddish, among other things.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAnnual quotas based on a prospective immigrant's country of birth were still in place at the end of World War II. Although President Harry S. Truman favored efforts to ease US immigration restrictions for Jewish displaced persons, it was not until 1948 that laws were revised. Even then, quotas remained, making emigration from Europe difficult. Only DPs who had been in camps by the end of 1945 were eligible and preference was given to relatives of American citizens who could be guaranteed housing and employment.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYiddish is the common historical language of Ashkenazi Jews from Central and Eastern Europe. It is heavily Germanic based but uses the Hebrew alphabet. The language was spoken or understood as a common tongue for many European Jews up until the middle of the twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Smith-Hughes Vocational School was established in downtown Atlanta, Georgia and first enrolled adults in vocational education in 1945 following World War II. The school underwent multiple name changes before it became Atlanta Technical College in 2000.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe interviewer, Marsha Vrono, is the younger daughter of Holocaust survivors Sam Wise (1910-2002) and Ida Baron Wise (1922-1995). Sam and Ida also had a daughter named Saba. Here, Jack adds a common Yiddish diminutive suffix, ‘ala,’ to the sisters’ names. In 1949, Sam and Ida joined Sam’s brother, Isaac, and his wife, Rachel, (also survivors) in Atlanta, Georgia.  The Wise family’s testimonies and papers are housed at the Breman Museum’s Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEastern European Yiddish contains three main dialects: Lithuanian, Polish, and Ukrainian/Galician Yiddish. Lithuanian or Northeastern Yiddish, is spoken in Lithuania, Belarus, Latvia, northeastern Ukraine, and northeastern Poland (Suwalki Gubernia). People speaking this dialect are called \"Litvaks\" and speak \"Litvish.\" Polish, or Galician, or Central Yiddish is spoken in the area between the German-Polish frontier of 1939 and the Vistula and San Rivers, including Poland, and Central and Western Galicia.  People speaking the dialect of Poland and Galicia are called \"Poylish\" and \"Galitsyaner.\" Ukrainian or Southeastern Yiddish is spoken in most of the Ukraine, parts of Eastern Galicia, Romania, and southeastern Poland. This dialect is called \"volinyer/podolyer/besaraber\" Yiddish.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eH.G. Hastings \u0026amp; Company (commonly known as ‘Hastings Seeds’) was a mail-order business that specialized in seeds. It was established in Florida in 1889, but moved to Atlanta, Georgia ten years later. \u003cbr\u003eIn 1955, they opened a wholesale and retail nursery store. In 1970, the company was sold to a party outside the Hastings family but is still open under the Hastings name.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSears, Roebuck and Co., commonly known as Sears, is an American chain of department stores founded by Richard Sears and Alvah Roebuck in 1886. It began as a mail order catalog company and opened retail locations in 1925. Kmart bought it in 2005. Sears was the largest retailer in the United States until October 1989 when was surpassed by Walmart.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Simmons Bedding Company is an American major manufacturer of \u003cbr\u003emattresses and related bedding products, based in Atlanta, Georgia. The company was founded in 1870. It is now a subsidiary of the American company Serta Simmons Bedding, LLC.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIt is unclear which business Jack is referring to here.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTechwood Homes was an early public housing project in Atlanta, Georgia. It was built in 1935 and was a whites-only community. It replaced the integrated low-income area of Tanyard Bottom or Tech Flats. By the 1970s the area was known better as an area of urban blight. Most of Techwood Homes was demolished in 1996 before Atlanta hosted the Summer Olympics. The area, along with neighboring Clark Howell Homes is now a mixed-use area called Centennial Place.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Harry Hyman Epstein (1903-2003) served as rabbi of Ahavath Achim Synagogue in Atlanta, Georgia from 1928 to 1982, when he became rabbi emeritus. Under Rabbi Epstein, the formerly Orthodox congregation began to shift to Conservative Judaism, and officially joined the United Synagogue of America (now the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism), in 1952.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAhavath Achim Synagogue (often referred to as \"AA\") was founded as an Orthodox congregation in 1887 in a small room on Gilmer Street. In 1901 they moved to a permanent building at the corner of Piedmont Avenue and Gilmer Street. In 1921, the congregation constructed a synagogue at Washington Street and Woodward Avenue. It joined the Conservative movement in 1952. The final service in the Washington Street building was held in 1958 to make way for construction of the Downtown Connector (the concurrent section of Interstate 75 and Interstate 85 through Atlanta). The synagogue moved to its current location on Peachtree Battle Avenue in 1958. As of 2022, Ahavath Achim is the largest Conservative synagogue in the Atlanta area and its current Senior Rabbi is Laurence Rosenthal.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShabbat (Hebrew) or Shabbos (Yiddish) is the Jewish Sabbath and is observed on Saturdays. Shabbat observance entails refraining from work activities and engaging in restful activities to honor the day. Shabbat begins at sundown on Friday night and is ushered in by lighting candles and reciting a blessing. It is closed the following evening with the recitation of the havdalah blessing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGetting an Aliyah’ [Hebrew: ascent or rise] refers to being called up to the bimah [Hebrew: platform] and reciting a blessing during the Torah reading in synagogue.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eReva (Rebecca) Chashesman Epstein (1905-2001) was the well-educated daughter of an Orthodox rabbi. Her family immigrated to Chicago, Illinois from Poland after World War I. In 1929, she married Rabbi Harry Epstein. Reva served as an Atlanta Hadassah chapter president.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePiedmont Park is a 189-acre park located just north of downtown Atlanta. It was originally designed by Joseph Forsyth Johnson to host the first Piedmont Exhibition in 1887.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCadbury, formerly Cadbury's and Cadbury Schweppes, is a British multinational confectionery company founded in 1824.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe liberation of France began when the Allies invaded Normandy in June 1944. By July, Allied forces began pushing south, east and west across France. By August, all of northern France had been liberated. Paris was not liberated until August 25, 1944.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is the world’s oldest and largest broadcasting organization with radio, TV, and online services. It is headquartered in London, United Kingdom. During World War II, listening to BBC broadcasts (or any other banned broadcasts) in occupied countries was often punishable by death. In Poland, it was illegal to even possess a radio. The BBC broadcast news bulletins in multiple different languages, often featuring refugees and exiled politicians of German occupied countries in its programs. As resistance fighters in Europe tried to strike back against their occupiers, the BBC’s European Services would broadcast secret messages to them. The BBC’s policy of honesty in its reporting and openly admitting defeats was in marked contrast to the propaganda of Germany’s radio stations. As the war began to turn in favor of the Allies, many Germans even tuned in to the BBC, in spite of harsh penalties and jamming of the frequencies. The BBC has used a 1926 recording of the bells of London’s St. Mary-le-Bow church as an interval signal since the early 1940s. During World War II, the familiar tone became a symbol of hope to listeners throughout Europe.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGerman officials and the French police conducted a series of roundups across both the occupied and unoccupied zones of France in the summer of 1942. On July 16-17, 1942, French police launched a large-scale operation in Paris to arrest Jews with foreign citizenship. Approximately 13,000 men, women, and children were detained. Approximately 6,000 were immediately taken to the Drancy transit camp, while some 7,000 Jews (among whom almost 4,000 were children) were detained in the Vélodrome d'Hiver [French: winter cycling track; also known as Vél d'Hiv], an indoor sports arena. For five days, they were crowded together in deplorable conditions. To prevent escape, all ventilation had been sealed. There was barely room for the people to lie down and no arrangements had been made for food, water, or sanitary facilities. They were then sent to transit camps outside Paris and eventually onto concentration camps and killing centers in the east. Although the Vel d’Hiv roundup was only one of many in Paris in the spring and summer of 1942, it was the largest deportation of Jews from France during the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDisplaced Jews and camp survivors registered with various aid agencies like UNRRA (United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration), the IRO (International Refugee Organization), or the British Red Cross’ Central Tracing Bureau (which would later be renamed the International Tracing Service) in the hopes of reconnecting with their families.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe SS America was an ocean liner and cruise ship launched in 1939 for the United States Lines. It eventually sank in 1994.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJenina is referring to the title song of the 1960 musical Camelot. The song’s lyrics say, “The rain may never fall till after sundown.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDavison's of Atlanta was a department store chain and an Atlanta shopping institution. Davison's first opened its doors in Atlanta in 1891 and had its origins in the Davison \u0026amp; Douglas Company. In 1901, the store changed its name to Davison-Paxon-Stokes after the retirement of E. Lee Douglas from the business and the appointment of Frederic John Paxon as treasurer. Davison-Paxon-Stokes sold out to R.H. Macy \u0026amp; Co. in 1925. By 1927, R.H. Macy built the Peachtree Street store that still stands today. That same year the company dropped the “Stokes” to become Davison Paxon Co. All Davison’s stores were completely absorbed into the Macy’s nameplate in 1986, rendering the store defunct.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJP Allen was a chain of department stores in Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNational Bank of Georgia originated when Bank of Georgia was renamed in 1965. The Bank of Georgia was established in 1911. In 1965, when it was renamed National Bank of Georgia, it’s status changed from a state member bank to a national bank.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Georgia (UGA) is a public land grant university, which was founded in 1785 making it one of the oldest universities in the United States. Its main campus is in Athens, Georgia with two satellite campuses in Atlanta and Lawrenceville. It is the flagship school of the University System of Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWellstar Atlanta Medical Center, formerly known as Georgia Baptist Hospital, is a hospital in Atlanta, Georgia, operated by Wellstar Health System. It has 460 beds and over 700 physicians.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJones Beach Island is one of the outer barrier islands off the southern coast of Long Island in the U.S. state of New York. It is home to the 6.5 mile (10.5 kilometer) long Jones Beach State Park. Its beaches are one of the most popular summer recreational locations for the New York metropolitan area.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Mayfair Club opened in 1938 at 1456 Spring Street in Midtown Atlanta and was a focal point of Jewish life in the city for more than 25 years. The club was founded in 1930 and first met at the Biltmore Hotel. The club was visited by Eleanor Roosevelt, Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir, mayors Ivan Allen and William Berry Hartsfield, senators Herman Talmadge and Richard Russell, and Governor Carl Sanders. Fire destroyed the Mayfair Club on December 4, 1964.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLeonard Bernstein (1918-1990) was an American conductor, composer, pianist, music educator, author, and humanitarian. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eZyklon B was originally used in Germany before and during World War II for disinfection and pest extermination in ships, buildings and machinery. After the end of August 1941, Zyklon B was used in Auschwitz-Birkenau, first experimentally, and then routinely, as an agent of mass annihilation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAs the Russian army drew near the extermination and slave labor camps in the East, the Germans marched the prisoners on foot out of the camps to the West, usually back into Germany where they were often abandoned in camps such as Bergen-Belsen and Buchenwald. These marches could last for weeks, without food or water, during which time many of the prisoners died and were left along the side of the road.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFlossenburg [German: Flossenbürg] was a concentration camp founded in 1938 near the town of Flossenburg, Germany. It was originally meant for political and criminal prisoners. In was expanded over time and by the beginning in mid-July 1943 the camp had over 90 sub-camps. The number of prisoners in the main camp increased precipitously and by March 1945 its population swelled again to nearly 53,000 with prisoners evacuated from camps in the east and dumped there. Flossenburg was evacuated starting on April 15, 1945, both by train and on foot. Only about 1,500 prisoners were left when the Americans liberated the camp on April 23, 1945.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlthough Jack may be referring to it as a ‘death camp’ based on the brutal living conditions and high mortality rate he observed, Flossenberg was not a death (or extermination) camp. Rather, it was a “concentration camp,” which refers to a camp in which people are detained or confined, usually under harsh conditions and without regard to legal norms of arrest and imprisonment that are acceptable in a constitutional democracy. The Nazis differentiated between concentration camps, which were used to contain slave laborers and prisoners of the Nazi state, and extermination camps, whose primary purpose was the systematic killing of prisoners.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647/annotation_set/1268/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEliezer \"Elie\" Wiesel (1928-2016) was a Jewish writer, professor, political activist, Nobel Laureate, and Holocaust survivor. He was born in Sighet, Transylvania, which is now part of Romania.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/120607/file/225647#t=4170.0,4200.0"}]}]}]}