{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/tt4fn12q1r/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Prager, George"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2001-09-12 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["George Prager (Interviewee)","Sandra Berman (Interviewer)","Ruth Einstein (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Prager is interviewed by Sandra Berman and Ruth Einstein on September 12, 2001 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eGeorge explains his background. He talks about leaving Germany. George recalls his arrival in the United States. He recounts meeting his foster family. George remembers starting school and settling into a new life. He discusses his exposure to religion. George talks about his cousins. He recollects settling into an American life. George explains what happened to his mother and brother. He describes his father’s experience. George details his attempts to reunite with his father. He remembers his reunion with his father. George talks about his acculturation. He explains how he enlisted in the Army. George discusses his arrival in Europe. He recounts his experiences in the Battle of the Bulge. George shares how he met his wife. He remembers encountering a concentration camp. George talks about his wife’s immigration experience. He considers why his family pulled away from Judaism. George details his career after the war. He reflects on his family and his good fortune.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)","\u003cp\u003eGeorge Prager was born on May 20, 1923 in Hildesheim, Germany. He was the oldest of two sons born to Leohard and Elsie Linz Prager. The family lived a quiet life in Hildesheim. George attended public school, enjoyed traveling during vacations, and was bar mitzvahed. As the antisemitism in Germany increased throughout the 1930s, an uncle convinced George’s parents to send him to America.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eIn February 1938, George arrived in Atlanta, Georgia, where he lived with Harry and Rose Mattel. He soon settled into American life, attending school and the Temple, going to the movies, and becoming part of the Mattel family. Two cousins had also come to the United States. George visited them in Augusta, Georgia, where they also lived with foster families until their parents arrived. In 1940, George’s mother and younger brother arrived in the United States. They settled in Louisiana with an aunt, while George remained in Atlanta. His father, however, remained in Germany.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eAs soon as he graduated high school, George enlisted in the Army. By the fall of 1944, he was in France. His unit fought in the Battle of the Bulge and pushed into Germany, where George remained after the war. Soon, he learned his father had survived Theresienstadt and was reunited with him in Hildesheim. He also met and married a Czech refugee, Mimi Abbrent (1926-2010). In 1946, Mimi immigrated to the United States and George was discharged. George’s father would also manage to immigrate to the United States.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eReturning to Atlanta, George built a career working in construction supplies. He and Mimi welcomed a daughter and son. George remained close with his real family, his foster family, and his extended family. After retirement, George and Mimi moved to Douglasville, Georgia. In 1999, his memoir, With Schoolcap, Label and Cardboard Box: Recollections of a World War Two Evacuee, was published. George passed away on January 6, 2014.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Prager is interviewed by Sandra Berman and Ruth Einstein on September 12, 2001 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeorge explains his background. He talks about leaving Germany. George recalls his arrival in the United States. He recounts meeting his foster family. George remembers starting school and settling into a new life. He discusses his exposure to religion. George talks about his cousins. He recollects settling into an American life. George explains what happened to his mother and brother. He describes his father\u0026rsquo;s experience. George details his attempts to reunite with his father. He remembers his reunion with his father. George talks about his acculturation. He explains how he enlisted in the Army. George discusses his arrival in Europe. He recounts his experiences in the Battle of the Bulge. George shares how he met his wife. He remembers encountering a concentration camp. George talks about his wife\u0026rsquo;s immigration experience. He considers why his family pulled away from Judaism. George details his career after the war. He reflects on his family and his good fortune.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeorge Prager was born on May 20, 1923 in Hildesheim, Germany. He was the oldest of two sons born to Leohard and Elsie Linz Prager. The family lived a quiet life in Hildesheim. George attended public school, enjoyed traveling during vacations, and was bar mitzvahed. As the antisemitism in Germany increased throughout the 1930s, an uncle convinced George\u0026rsquo;s parents to send him to America.\u003cbr /\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cbr /\u003eIn February 1938, George arrived in Atlanta, Georgia, where he lived with Harry and Rose Mattel. He soon settled into American life, attending school and the Temple, going to the movies, and becoming part of the Mattel family. Two cousins had also come to the United States. George visited them in Augusta, Georgia, where they also lived with foster families until their parents arrived. In 1940, George\u0026rsquo;s mother and younger brother arrived in the United States. They settled in Louisiana with an aunt, while George remained in Atlanta. His father, however, remained in Germany.\u003cbr /\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cbr /\u003eAs soon as he graduated high school, George enlisted in the Army. By the fall of 1944, he was in France. His unit fought in the Battle of the Bulge and pushed into Germany, where George remained after the war. Soon, he learned his father had survived Theresienstadt and was reunited with him in Hildesheim. He also met and married a Czech refugee, Mimi Abbrent (1926-2010). In 1946, Mimi immigrated to the United States and George was discharged. George\u0026rsquo;s father would also manage to immigrate to the United States.\u003cbr /\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cbr /\u003eReturning to Atlanta, George built a career working in construction supplies. He and Mimi welcomed a daughter and son. George remained close with his real family, his foster family, and his extended family. After retirement, George and Mimi moved to Douglasville, Georgia. In 1999, his memoir, With Schoolcap, Label and Cardboard Box: Recollections of a World War Two Evacuee, was published. George passed away on January 6, 2014.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/250/335/small/Prager_George.m4v_1725968394.jpg?1725968395","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Prager_George.m4v"]},"duration":7108.438,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/250/335/small/Prager_George.m4v_1725968394.jpg?1725968395","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/250/335/original/Prager_George.m4v?1725968388","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":7108.438,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Prager, George [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: [Today is September 12,] 2011. I am with George Prager, who has agreed to be interviewed for the Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Project of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum, as well as for the Legacy Project of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum. My name is Sandy Berman and I am the archivist at the museum. I am so happy to be here with you today. Thank you for agreeing to participate. I would like to begin by asking you to just say where you were born, your parents’ names, if there are any names that are a little bit difficult for the transcriber to perhaps hear, if you can spell them out—names of towns or cities. Let us begin with your parents’ names and where you were born.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=0.0,45.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Okay. I'm George Prager. I was born in Hildesheim, Hanover, in Germany. That's H-I-L-D-E-S-H-E-I-M in the province of Hanover. It's just a little bit south of[the city of] Hanover. My parents were Leonhard Prager—H-A-R-D, Leon and then H-A-R-D Prager—and my mother's name was Elsie, E-L-S-I-E. Like I said, we lived in Hildesheim,[Germany]. I was born on May 20th, 1924. I have a brother who was born[on] January 27th, 1927.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=45.0,103.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: When the Nazis came into power in 1933, what are your memories of that time? Can you describe what it felt like to be Jewish in Germany?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=103.0,115.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Well, I was a little boy. Outside of being called a “damn Jew,” I had very little problems. One reason I had so little problem[was] that my smaller brother was blond and blue eyed. He was the typical Nazi[looking] child. Of course, being my brother, we were together a whole lot of time and most people did not associate me with being Jewish, so that was to my advantage. I had very little problems in school as far as being Jewish. I went to the public schools. We had a synagogue in Hildesheim, which was later burned. We also had a public[Jewish] school in Hildesheim, which I only attended for religious instructions. Other than that, no problems. Of course, I came out in 1938, which was a little bit ahead of the … What would you call it? Of the worst part of the …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=115.0,206.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Kristallnacht and …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=206.0,207.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=207.0,208.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: … Nuremberg Laws and … How come or how did your parents reach the decision to send you away?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=208.0,220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: My Uncle Polle—his name was Leopold Linz, my mother's brother; we called him Polle, P-O-L-L-E—sent my cousins out. They went to Albany, Georgia. He was on my parents constantly to get me out of the country and my brother also. My parents wouldn't let my brother go because he was younger. He was four years younger. They finally agreed to let me go and so that's how I got out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=220.0,264.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: How did your uncle … That was early to be so aware of the need to send children away. How … Do you remember? Was it ever discussed what …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=264.0,277.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Not that I know of. It was just … I would imagine it was a feeling. He was a very astute man, very smart. He and his father-in-law ran a department store in Waltershausen. That's in[the German state of] Thuringia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=277.0,299.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: What was the name of it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=299.0,302.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Nussbaum. Now, don't ask me how I remember this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=302.0,310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: But I am glad you do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=310.0,311.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: But, I mean, I have these flashes of memory that … I don't know, but it was Nussbaum. They lived there and ran the department store. I guess he just was scared or something, else I don't … I can't understand how come he was scared because he rode a motorcycle in the 1930s, so who knows?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=311.0,348.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Do you remember leaving and what it felt like?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=348.0,353.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: The big adventure. I am going to America, where the streets are paved in gold, and everybody is happy—now, remember, I was a 13 year old boy—and cowboys and Indians were on every corner. Karl May was a writer who was translated into … an American writer who was translated into German and I ate him up. I will never forget when they were cussing in the book, he called a guy “Sohn eines Hündin”[German], which translates into “son of a bitch.” Of course, in German, it is not a cuss word. It is just a literal translation. I never understood it till I got over here, and got into school, and learned a little American that I realized what they were saying.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=353.0,430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Was it difficult to leave your family? Do you remember how that felt?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=430.0,435.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: No. I remember how it felt, but it was not difficult. You got to remember, I was a 13 year old kid who was going on the adventure of a lifetime. It was just … It was great. I mean, golly, you’re going to America!","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=435.0,459.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: What was your passage like? How did you get from one place to the other? What was …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=459.0,463.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Well, my family took me to Hamburg and put me on board the S.S. Manhattan, which was a luxury liner. I had never seen such a ship in my life. There were a bunch of us. I don't remember how many. I don't remember any of the other kids and I don't even remember the lady that took care of us. Dan found her name—that's a friend of[my daughter,] Kathy's—on the internet and asked me about it. But, I mean, I was on board a luxury liner, having a blast. I mean, it was marvelous.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=463.0,516.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Do you know if it was difficult for your parents to get you on the list to leave? How did they manage that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=516.0,523.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: That, I don't know, but my Uncle Polle, steered them through the process because he'd done it twice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=523.0,535.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Now, did you know you were going to Georgia also?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=535.0,538.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Yes. I knew I was coming to Atlanta, because, Gerry and Werner—that's my cousins—they were in Albany[Georgia]. They could not find a home for me in Albany. The closest place that they could find was Atlanta. They located a family here in Atlanta who agreed to take me on. I was on the S.S. Manhattan half way between Hamburg and New York, when the man I was supposed to go to, the husband, had a heart attack and died. Here I was, half way in between, with no place to go. So, they hunted around Atlanta to find another family to take me and nobody wanted a 13 year old kid. I mean, think about adopting a 13 year old kid. It wasn't an adoption, but even today, it's hard to find somebody. They finally found this couple, Harry and Rose Mattel—that’s spelled just like the Mattel toys—and they said they would take me on a temporary basis, so I had a place to go. And …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=538.0,637.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Do you remember who met you when you arrived?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=637.0,640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Somebody met me at the boat and took me over to the train. It was in February 1938. They hung a tag on me, just like a baggage tag in my little shirt collar or overcoat collar saying, “My name is George Prager. I'm going to 1022 Rosewood Drive, Atlanta, Georgia. I will be met in Atlanta by Viola Wyle.” Now, don't ask me where that name came from.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=640.0,679.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: I was going to ask you if you remembered her.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=679.0,682.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER:  I remember the name. If I saw her today, I would not[recognize her], but I remember the name. I don't know …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=682.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: She was the head of the …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=690.0,693.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=693.0,694.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: … part of the Orphan Home here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=694.0,695.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: She was a real nice lady. She met me in Atlanta. They put me in charge …[not] put me in charge … they put the conductor in charge of me. I guess they paid him and said, “See that eats and see that he goes to bed at night, or sleeps,” and that was it. Here I was, had a window seat, looking out at America. I didn't see a single cowboy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=695.0,734.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: What did you see out of that train window?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=734.0,737.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Just countryside. I had I done quite a bit of traveling by myself in Germany. I had an aunt who lived in Nuremburg. She later came to the United States and lived in Louisiana, in Franklin, Louisiana. I had Werner and Gerry, my cousins, in Waltershausen. There were various other relatives scattered throughout Germany. During the summer, I would visit those relatives. There was one family in Bielefeld. Don't ask me how we were related, because I don't remember. I don't even remember where Bielefeld was, but I do remember going there. Also during the summer, my father sent me off on various trips; not trips, but vacations. I would go to some family. I know I went to a family in Leer Ostfriesland and spent the summer there. Leer was on the … almost on the coast of the North Sea and …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=737.0,830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: How do you spell that town?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=830.0,834.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: L-E-H-R, I think, but I'm not sure. But they had a child also. They had a little girl, who later lived with my parents when things got really bad. It was bad in Leer and they took the young girl on as a foster child. So, that … I don't think she survived, but, it was … So, I was fairly well traveled. This was, like I said, a big adventure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=834.0,881.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: When did you meet your family?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=881.0,886.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: I got to Atlanta and Mrs. Viola Wyle met me at the train station. Of course, she had a car. We never had a car. We didn't know what it was. I mean, a taxi in our town, in Hildesheim was a horse and a Kutche[German: coach], horse and a wagon. Not a wagon … Well, I guess it was a wagon. But, she met me and she took me to Mr. and Mrs. Mattel's house. Now, I called them Mother and Daddy, so if I speak of Mother and Daddy, I am probably speaking about the Mattels, because I was really fortunate there. They took me. She took me to the Mattel's house and we walked in. They had two children, a girl a couple of years younger than I was and a boy … Gerre—Geraldine, we called her Gerre—and they had a boy named Martin, who was a couple of years younger than that. We walked in and Mother and Daddy had gone to a wedding. There was nobody home but the two kids and a black maid. I had no experience with blacks. They were the third wonder of the world as far as I was concerned, but she was really nice, and she fed us, and supervised us. That evening, when Mother and Daddy came home, I was kind of wondering what … you know, “How is this going to work? I mean, what's going on?” But, Mother came in. She came in first and, walked in the door, and the first thing she did was greet her two kids, and then she turned around, and there I was, standing there with my thumb in my mouth, so to say, wondering, “What am I supposed to do,” you know? And this woman, a short, heavyset woman, opened her arms wide and says, “George, my son,” and gave me a big hug.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=886.0,1052.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Now, you understood all that? How was your …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=1052.0,1054.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: No, I didn’t, I had two and a half years of English, high school English, but she spoke a little Yiddish and I understood some of it and I imagined a lot, but she just took me on as one of her children, which was marvelous. I was very fortunate in that. Then, she turned me loose, and Daddy came in, and we shook hands, and introduced ourselves, like men do, and, that was it. This was on a Sunday. She had a job. She was a traveling saleswoman in Atlanta. She sold custom jewelry to manufacturers and so forth. So, the following week, she had me in the car. They had a 1937 Chevrolet, which I thought was great. She took me with her and introduced me all over Atlanta. I don't remember a single person, but, she took me with her. We went, and she did her sales job, and I did a lot of looking, and tried to talk to people. The next Sunday—which I'd been here exactly a week—she says, “George, vacation is over. You got to go to school.” I said, “Oh, rats,” only I didn't say rats. She says, “You got to go to school. Monday morning, we are going to enroll you in school.” Oh, boy. I mean, vacation is over. The next morning, we got in the car and she took me to Bass Junior High School. She knew the principal there, a Dr. Scott. She walked in and says, “Dr. Scott, this is my son, George. He doesn't speak much English. He's in from Germany and he needs to go to school. And I think he ought to be in a seventh grade.” I mean, she was a very forceful woman. Dr. Scott looked at her and says, “Rose, if you think he needs to be in the seventh grade, that's where he’s going.” Okay, so they got me enrolled. Mother turned around, looked at me, says, “Well, you’re in school now. Dr. Scott's in charge. I'll see you. Have a good time, enjoy yourself, and, son, sink or swim.” I'll never forget that. She walked out the door and Dr. Scott says, “Come on, let's go. We're going to Miss Hensley’s class.” She had seventh grade class, and he took me to Miss Hensley. Don't ask me how I remember these names …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=1054.0,1266.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: I am so glad you do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=1266.0,1268.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: … but they come to me. She took me and … Then, I can’t remember what I had for breakfast, but that's beside the point. He took me to Miss Hensley’s and gave her the same spiel that Mother had given him, “This is George. He doesn't speak much English. You got him. Do what you can.” She says, “Okay.” In the classroom, they had a wall with nothing on it but magazines[like] Boy’s Life, and Life, and Collier’s, and Saturday Evening Post, and Boy Scout magazines, and various other magazines. Miss Hensley found me a stool or a chair next to the magazine rack and said, “George, I think you ought to look at these magazines. I think you can probably learn more from them than in books because of the pictures. Okay, so I sat in that classroom, listened and looked at magazines all day long, whenever I was in that class. She didn't realize just how much I had learned, but I milked that thing to the end. I mean, she finally realized that, “This kid understands more than I think he does,” so she … That ended that ended that vacation. Then, I attended regular classes. When I got to Bass Junior High School, I didn't know enough to ask where the bathroom was. She took one of the boys and put him in charge of me and says, “You take him with you. You hang to him like a leech. If you got to go to the bathroom, you take him. If we go to eat lunch at the cafeteria, you take him. If he asks what that is, you try to tell him.” So that's what happened. Of course, that was in English. She was an English teacher. Now, math, I was way ahead of everybody. History, I didn't know beans. Civics, I didn't know beans. Spanish, I didn't know too much, but the Spanish teacher spoke German, pretty good German.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=1268.0,1429.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Did you make friends easily?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=1429.0,1433.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Oh, yeah. I had no problem making friends. Baseball was a mystery[and] football was a mystery, because we played soccer and, at that time, nobody played soccer here. But I made out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=1433.0,1453.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Did you also attend synagogue or go to Sunday school?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=1453.0,1458.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Yes, Mother made me go to the Temple here. They belonged to the Temple. She made me go to the Temple and that was a fight for me to go to the Temple, because I had to wear a tie and I did not like ties. The minute I got in the car and it wasn't … If Mother wasn't driving or Daddy wasn't driving, off came my tie. It got so bad that she would call the Sunday school to ask, “Is George wearing a tie? And if he's not wearing a tie, make him wear a tie.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=1458.0,1498.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: That is great.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=1498.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: But …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=1500.0,1502.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: What do you remember about the Temple? Did you make some Jewish friends there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=1502.0,1509.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Oh, yeah, I remember the Temple. I did not like the Temple. I mean, it was a Reform congregation and my mother kept kosher in Germany at that time, and that just didn't … As a matter of fact, when I first came to the United States, I laid tefillin every morning, but that didn't last too long. The Temple … Then, another thing is, it wasn't long before I was confirmed at the Temple. I was the only kid in the whole class that could read Hebrew, so I was elected to read the Torah, which meant a heck of a lot of study. All the others had English passages that they could read, but I had to learn all this stuff. So, three times a week or two times a week, I had to go to Rabbi[David] Marx and read Hebrew, which I resented very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=1509.0,1582.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: What do you remember about Rabbi Marx?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=1582.0,1586.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: He was a fine gentleman—I liked him—but that's about all I can remember.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=1586.0,1596.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: So, in Germany, your family was Orthodox?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=1596.0,1599.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=1599.0,1600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: That must have been quite a transition for you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=1600.0,1603.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: It was terrible. I mean, here I was lying tefillin in the living room and Martin comes in and said, “What in the heck are you doing?” He never heard of ‘em. Then, try to explain that to a kid four years younger than you. That was …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=1603.0,1631.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Did you ever wish that they had placed you with a more Orthodox family?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=1631.0,1638.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: No, I enjoyed the Reform. It was strange. I didn't like it. I am very anti … not religious, but … We had a rabbi in Germany. Let me explain this. I was bar mitzvahed. After bar mitzvah, I went to him one day and says, “Rabbi, I have a question.” He says, “Yes. What's the question?”[I] said, “Cain killed Abel.”[He answered,] “Yes.”[I said], “He was banished from the Garden of Eden.”[He answered,] “Yes.”[I asked], “And he lived outside the Garden of Eden and he lived with his wife’s folks?” He says, “That's right.”[I asked], “Where did his wife folks come from if Adam and Eve were the first people on earth?” The man looked at me. He says, “Are you trying to be funny?” I said, “No, I want to know. Where did these other people come from?” He said, “Get out of here. Just quit trying to pull my leg.” I said to myself, “He doesn't know the answer and he's not going to tell me he doesn't know the answer, because he was supposed to be a Talmudic scholar and he is going to brush me off.” That was the start of my anti … not anti-religious, but anti-organized religion. That took care of the organized religion. I believe in a supreme being, and also that the Bible is a good history book, and that's as far as it goes. But, I mean, as a kid, I resented very much having to eat kosher.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=1638.0,1791.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Did you … Was it because it set you apart from …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=1791.0,1795.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: It set me apart and it kept me from doing things. I mean, we had Friday night services every night[on] Friday. We had Saturday services every Saturday. Those were a day and an evening that were preordained. If I had something else to do, that was just too doggone bad. So, organized religion, as far as I'm concerned, is out. I was born a Jew. I will die a Jew. But I will not cater to organized religion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=1795.0,1843.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Going back to being here for a moment. Did you have a chance to visit your cousins in Albany?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=1843.0,1850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=1850.0,1850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Did they make a point of getting you there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=1850.0,1855.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Oh, yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=1855.0,1856.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: How were they handling the transition?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=1856.0,1862.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Fine. They had no problems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=1862.0,1867.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Did they like the family they were with?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=1867.0,1869.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Oh, yeah. The Kopples.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=1869.0,1873.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: We have a photograph of them with … There was a boy …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=1873.0,1877.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=1877.0,1878.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: They had a brother … or a half … a son, the Kopples.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=1878.0,1883.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Yeah, I remember. Well, I mean, the Mattel's two kids … Gerre lives in Florida—in fact, she's got a birthday coming up—and Martin lives over here in Woodstock[Georgia]. We don't get together, but we talk on the telephone quite often. I mean, we’re fairly close.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=1883.0,1908.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: That is wonderful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=1908.0,1910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: I mean, like I said, I was very fortunate in that the Mattels took me in and raised me as one of their own. I mean, there was no difference between me and their own kids. As a matter of fact, I remember one time Daddy, and Martin, and I were out doing something on a Sunday. A friend of his came out. Then, he and the friend talked. The friend said something about kids. He said, “Oh, yeah. That's my son Martin over here and this is my other son, George.” So, I mean, they … There was no difference between them and me, as far as family relationship went. I mean, I was their son and that was it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=1910.0,1976.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: I know you were enamored with the American West, and cowboys, and Indians, but what were your first impressions? Can you describe what Atlanta was like when you came here?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=1976.0,1990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: A big city. Something that I didn't know anything about. I mean, Hildesheim was a small little town you could walk from one side to the other. You knew an awful lot of people because … you had to deal with them. Here, you didn't know ‘em. It was just … It took a lot of getting used to. Also, the distances here were amazing as far as I was concerned. You could take Germany, and put it inside Georgia and a little bit of Alabama, and that was it. If you get out of that, you were in another country. I mean, to travel by train from New York to Atlanta took two days. Man, in two days in Europe, you'd go from one coast to the other. The distances were just amazing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=1990.0,2080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Did you feel like you became a part of American culture very quickly? Did you go to the movies?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=2080.0,2090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Oh, yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=2090.0,2091.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Did you read comic books and all of that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=2091.0,2092.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Oh, yeah, I read comic books. As a matter of fact, my Uncle Polle for years had the first Superman comic book published. He saved it. Movies … We lived on Rosewood Drive, which is[in the Virginia-Highlands neighborhood]. Every Saturday, I had a dime. We went to the Hilan Theater at","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=2092.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We went in at","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=4320.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and saw a cowboy movie. Then, we got … When that was over with, we saw a double feature. We saw a comedy, a cartoon, and coming attractions. We got out at 6:00.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=4320.0,5753.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: That is wonderful. While you were getting used to being here in Georgia, your parents are still in Germany.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=5753.0,5764.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=5764.0,5765.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Were you writing to them?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=5765.0,5766.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Oh, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=5766.0,5767.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: What were they telling you about what was going on with them?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=5767.0,5771.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Nothing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=5771.0,5772.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: You did not know anything?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=5772.0,5777.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Nothing. It was family gossip and general things, but no politics, no nothing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=5777.0,5789.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Did you …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=5789.0,5790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Of course, we knew something was going on. Then, when the war started, that, of course, took care of that. But, other than that …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=5790.0,5802.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Did you know that they were trying to leave?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=5802.0,5808.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Not really. Like I said, Mother and David … My brother's name was Helmut David Prager. When he got to the States, that Helmut disappeared. He was H. David Prager. We called him David. He passed away a couple of years ago, two, three years ago.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=5808.0,5832.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: I am sorry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=5832.0,5834.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: But, he came with my mother in 1941, going to Louisiana to Mother's older sister, who lived in Franklin, Louisiana. They came through Atlanta. The Mattels and I went down to Terminal station to meet them, talk to them, and so forth. Mother … This gets confusing. My foster[mother], Mrs. Mattel, Rosa Mattel gave my real mother her first lipstick. She had never had a lipstick in her life, didn't know how to put it on, nothing. We're standing out there on the side of the train and Rose is painting her lips.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=5834.0,5889.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Did you stay with the Mattels then?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=5889.0,5892.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: I stayed with the Mattels because my real mother couldn't take care of me. This was in 1941. I was 16. I'd go in the summer time. I'd go spend a couple of months there with them, but they stayed there and I stayed here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=5892.0,5919.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: How did that feel? Did you … Would you have rather …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=5919.0,5922.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: By that time, I was so acclimated to the Mattels that it didn't bother me. In fact, I was anxious to come back to Atlanta.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=5922.0,5949.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Where was your father during all this time?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=5949.0,5952.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: My father was still in Germany. He didn't get out till 1947.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=5952.0,5959.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Why couldn't he leave with your mother?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=5959.0,5962.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: My father was born in what was known at that time as the Polish Corridor, which was between Germany and Poland. During the Kaiser's time, East Prussia was connected to Germany, instead of being an island up there, and that was … He was born in Germany at that time, and it turned into Poland, so he had a Polish quota because it goes by the name of what … Where you were born is where your quota number comes from. It was Poland by the time he was ready to apply, so he was a Pollock, but he lived in Hildeshiem. Like I said before, he lost an arm just below the elbow, his right arm. He was a war … What am I trying to say?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=5962.0,6045.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: A war hero?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=6045.0,6047.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Yeah. No, not a war hero, but …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=6047.0,6049.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: A veteran?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=6049.0,6051.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: A veteran, a disabled veteran. That's what I was trying to say: disabled. He was a disabled World War One veteran. Like I told you, he spent time in Theresienstadt. His transport consisted of 44 people and four of them made it out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=6051.0,6079.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Do you know what year he went to Theresienstadt?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=6079.0,6083.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: I don't know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=6083.0,6084.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Do you know how he … Did he ever talk about his time in the camp?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=6084.0,6092.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Oh, yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=6092.0,6093.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: What did he say?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=6093.0,6094.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: It was terrible. They were trying to starve them to death. Him being a veteran, I think, was what helped him out a whole lot, because I remember him telling me that one of the guards befriended him. The guard would … They’d line up in the morning. He says, “Don't be number three.” They’d go down the list and every third man[was removed]. Next time, it was maybe number five and the guard would tell him, “Don’t be number five.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=6094.0,6137.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Wow.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=6137.0,6138.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: He survived and he made it back to Hildesheim. In Hildesheim, it was [occupied by the] British. He made friends with a British soldier, a Jewish British soldier, Peter Johnson. Again, where does this name come from? But Peter Johnson. He made him a friend. Peter Johnson wrote my mother a letter telling her that her husband survived and was living back in Hildesheim with Herr Brandis, who was an old friend of theirs. He was living there with them. Mother—this is my real mother in Louisiana—Mother wrote me and says, “Your dad is in Hildesheim. See what you can do to get up there.” I said, “Okay.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=6138.0,6209.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Because you were in service then?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=6209.0,6210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: I was in Germany at the time. This was after the war. I was in Bavaria. Being that I spoke German and so forth, I was intelligence. I was with the First Division at the time. Being that I spoke German, I was the intelligence sergeant of my battalion. I found out that the British Coldstream Guards, which are the guys that stand in front of Buckingham Palace with those bearskin hats on, was having a swap with Americans. They would swap X number of soldiers from the Coldstream Guard for X number of soldiers from the First Division. I immediately applied to be one of the swapees and made it. We went to Cologne[Germany]. I was in Cologne. The Colonel of the Coldstream Guards was a tough old boy, a Lord something or other. This name I cannot recall. I'd been there for three or four days, and I went up to the Colonel, to his office and said, “I'd like to have a pass. I want to go see my father, who is in northern Germany.” The Colonel looked at me and he says, “You're here to learn about the British Army, not to ramble all over Germany. Request denied.” I says, “Okay, Colonel, that's fine. If you don't want to give me a pass, I'm going A-W-O-L. I'm just giving you a notice that I will go see my …” And I was smart enough not to tell him where my father was. He says, “Go ahead. Go over the hill. How long do you think it would take me to find an American soldier in the British zone?” I said, “Forever.” He says, “Get out of here.” So, I took a couple cartons of cigarettes, and got a pass to go to Cologne, and took care of my business. Being in intelligence, I knew a few things. With my cigarettes, I found a forger who gave me German army discharge, travel papers, ration stamps, and anything else I needed, clothes. I came back to the British compound. They wouldn't let me in because I was dressed like a German. I said, “I want to see the Sergeant of Guard.” They brought him out and told him that I wanted to see the Colonel. He says “Get out of here. We don't need no Krauts in here.” I said, “Well, let me talk to the Officer of the Guard.” I talk to him and he said the same thing. I says, “I am American intelligence. Here's my paperwork. I want to see the Colonel and I want to see him now. It's important.” They let me in to see the Colonel. I walked in. He looked at me and started laughing. He says, “So, you're dressed as a German. Big deal.” He says, “What are you going to do for paperwork?” I says, “What do you want to see, Colonel?” He says, “Well, let's see your army discharge.” [I said,] “Here you go.” I showed him my German army discharge. He says, “How about travel papers?” Okay, I showed him my travel papers allowing me to travel all over Germany, all over the British zone. He says, “How are you going to eat?” I says, “Oh, ration stamps” He says, “Yeah.” I said, “Here you are,” showed him rations stamps, “Anything else you want to see?” He took one look at me and he says, “Sergeant Major, get this guy a pass!”[I said,] “Thank you, Colonel.” He says, “Give him a week.” I says, “Okay. Plus travel time.” He says, “Plus travel time.”[I said,] “Plus rations.” He says, “Plus rations. Now get the hell out of here!” Here I was, free and clear. The Sergeant Major gave me my travel papers. I went down, took rations, and took off for Hildesheim. Now, they have in Germany what they call a Triebwagen [German: railcar], which is a diesel electric train. It's got an engine on both ends, and I think, one or two cars in between, and that's all there is to it. It's just two engines and a car or two cars. This was the one that went from Cologne to Hanover and parts on later. All I was interested in was Hanover. I get on it. Third class[had] wooden benches. That's for the peons. Second class is for junior officers and so forth. First class is for staff officers and bigwigs. I get on it and nobody[is] in third class, very few people in second class, and even fewer in first class. So, I make myself comfortable in the first class compartment. Here comes the German conductor, “You can't be in here. This is for staff officers and above.” Now, remember. I am what? Twenty years old. I look at him. I says, “I know it's for staff officers. Who in the hell do you think I am?” He says, “Oh, I beg your pardon.” He never asked me. Yeah, so I rode from Cologne to Hanover in a first class compartment by myself. I had a wonderful time. In the next compartment was a Major. I offered him a sandwich and he just sniffed at me. I says, “Okay, don't take it. I'll eat it.” I kept it. We’re riding along on this thing and this thing would fly. I'm bored. I go up to … in the car and go up to the engine. Here’s a German engineer.[I asked,] “How fast this thing run?”[He said,] “Oh, it'll do a hundred miles long.”[I said,] “Nah, I won't do it.”[He says,] “Yes it will.”[I said,] “Nah, it won’t make a hundred.”[He said,] “Sure. It’ll make a hundred without any trouble at all.” I said, “You got to be kidding me.” I says, “There's nothing on the rails. Just us. It won’t make it.”[He says,] “Oh, yes it will.” I said, “I bet you a pack of cigarettes it can’t make a hundred.” He says, “I can't do that.”[I said,] “I know. Pack of cigarettes.” “And by the way,” I said, “would you like a smoke?” He takes my cigarettes. He says, “It will.”[I said,] “It won’t.”[He said,] “It will.”[I said,] “It won’t. Show me.” We got to Hannover two hours early.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=6210.0,6756.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Can you describe seeing your father after all these years?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=6756.0,6761.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Yes, but let me say one more thing. We get to Hannover. I get off the Triebwagen. Now, I got to get to Hildesheim. A milk train stops at every crossroad. I get to Hildesheim about 6:30 in the morning. I go. I go see my father. I knew where he lived. In fact, I knew the address. I go up there, go in, and knock on the door, and Mrs. Brandis answers the door. She was a … Mr. and Mrs. Brandis were the people he stayed with. She says, “Yes?” She looks at me[and said,] “An American.” I said, “That's right, because I'm George Prager.” She asks, “You’re George?” I said, “Yes, I am.” She says, “Leo, George is here!” She hollers. The old man comes out of his room in his BVDs[underwear], looks at me, “George,” picks up his left arm … We have a big hug, and reunion, and it was marvelous. I mean, he was a man about my size. When I saw him then—and he'd been out of concentration camp for quite a while—he looked like a skeleton. He weighed less than 90 pounds. I mean, there was nothing to him. I says, “Tell Mrs. Brandis to fix breakfast.” He says, “Well, you know, I don't know about breakfast.” He says, “You know, we don't have very much to eat.” I said, “Don't worry about it.[He asks,] “What do you mean?”[I tell him,] “I got food.”[He asked,] “Oh, you do?”[I said,] “Yeah, I[brought] a week's ration from the British Army.” Well, okay. I had a duffel bag you couldn't hardly pick up, so I take it in the kitchen, take out all my clothes, and junk, and dumped the duffel bag on the kitchen table. Mrs. Brandis looks at it, “What's this?”[I told her,] “Bacon.”[She asked,] “What's bacon?”[I said,] “Speck[German: bacon].” There's a can of G.I. bacon. It was the best bacon in the world. I says, “This is bacon. These are powdered eggs. This is powdered milk. This is beans,” and G-d knows what else. I mean, I had a corn beef hash and I had the whole thing. I mean, I had a week's ration. I says, “Here. It's all yours. You cook what you want.” She says, “Oh, I can't take that.”[I said,] “Oh, yes you can. You're going to.” They said, “How you going to eat?” I said, “I'm going over to the British compound and eat over there.” She says, “You can't do that. You got all these rations.”[I said,] “Yes, I can.” I go over to the British compound. I give them a sob story. They said, “Come on.” One more thing about going to the British Army. I had a dog and I asked Mimi—that's my future wife—if she could keep the dog for me while I went to the British, because this was going to be awfully rough traveling with a dog. I hope I won't offend you, ladies, but she says, “Yes, I can have the dog. I can take care of that, but you got to bring me food for him.” I picked up a couple packs of dog food, and this, that, and the other, and take it over there. I walk in and give her the dog. Her mother says, “You didn't forget the food, did you?” I says, “No.” She lived with her mother. I said, “No, I didn't.” I was rooting through my duffel bag. Everything you want in a duffel bag, it’s always in the bottom. I can't get to it, so I take the duffel bag and dump it out. Here comes the dog food and everything else I had. Well, out pops a box of prophylactics. It breaks open, naturally. I think I had four or five gross[German: large] prophylactics in there. Mimi’s mother looks at me and she says, “George, I know you're going to be busy, but I don't think you can handle that.” I says, “No, these are trading goods,” because the British Army was perpetually short of prophylactics. I took the prophylactics and gave them to the guys at the British Army. I was very welcome.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=6761.0,7099.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: That is a great story. We have to change tapes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7099.0,7102.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7102.0,7103.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: We are back. I want to go back a little bit to being back in Atlanta, living with the Mattels. You are in high school. What high school did you go to?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7103.0,7114.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Boys High.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7114.0,7118.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Did you get involved in any activities at Boys High?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7118.0,7121.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: I was in ROTC. I was … ended up a captain in ROTC. I was on the boxing team till my dentist told me to quit boxing. That was about it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7121.0,7140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Where most of your friends Jewish or not Jewish?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7140.0,7143.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Not Jewish.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7143.0,7146.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Did you experience any kind of antisemitism …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7146.0,7151.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7151.0,7152.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: … at school?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7152.0,7153.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: None whatsoever.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7153.0,7155.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: What did you think about … Being from Germany and knowing what was happening with the Jews of Germany, did you have any thoughts about the situation in Georgia, in the South, with race relations and the blacks?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7155.0,7171.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: No. I was very race tolerant. I mean, it didn't really make much difference to me whether they were white or black, but, of course, the culture was totally different.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7171.0,7191.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Did you find it offensive? Did you find it hard to live with the culture?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7191.0,7197.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: No, not really. I mean, I didn't particularly like it, but then, I had no great dislike for it either. The folks were just folks, I mean, and we, the Mattels, always had a maid.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7197.0,7223.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: How did you feel about some of the Jim Crow laws, like separate bathrooms and separate water fountains?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7223.0,7229.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: That I didn't really like. As a matter of fact, this happened to me and it also happened to my wife, that I got on the bus or streetcar. I don't remember which one or the other. The only seat was in the back, so I promptly marched back and sat down. It almost caused a riot. The bus driver got up, and went back there, and got me, and told me I couldn't sit there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7229.0,7270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: What was your response?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7270.0,7272.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Okay. You see, the thing is this: being brought up as a kid in Germany, authority was everything. If a policeman said, “Stand over there,” you stood over there. If he said, “Sit down,” you sat down. You didn't argue with a policeman. You didn't argue with a bus driver. Any person of authority, a teacher, you did not argue with. I mean, you did as you were told or else. So, that discipline is something that was automatic as far as I was concerned.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7272.0,7330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: You mentioned that you were in ROTC in high school.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7330.0,7334.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7334.0,7337.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: What drew you to that, to joining ROTC, and then eventually the military?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7337.0,7342.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: The German upbringing. I mean, the military was always an option.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7342.0,7350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Did you feel like, when World War Two broke out here … When did you … You were you drafted or were you enlisted?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7350.0,7358.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: They couldn't draft me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7358.0,7359.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Oh, right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7359.0,7360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: I was an enemy alien. When I graduated, of course, I had to register for the draft. My draft card said, “Enemy Alien,” so they couldn't draft me. They had to turn me loose, but all my buddies, all my friends were drafted, and here I was. I[unintelligible;","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7360.0,7392.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"] I decided I wanted to join the Army. I wanted to fly. Everybody wanted to fly. I started investigating and we had a Colonel in charge of ROTC. I went to see him. I can't think of his name, but I'll think of it in a minute.[He asked,] “Golly, George, what do you need?” I said, “I need a letter from you stating that you know me, and that I am Jewish, and that I want to join the services, and as far as you knew, I was not a spy.” He says, “Okay,” so he wrote me a very nice recommendation, which I, in turn, took down to the FBI. I got into the FBI and they interviewed me, coming and going. Then, the FBI agent said, “Wait a minute. I got a phone call.”[He] says, “I got to go. I'll be right back.” He had all these papers on his desk. He took a pencil, and he dropped the pencil, and then picked it up. When he did, he just drew a line across a bunch of papers—accidentally, of course—and he left. He came back, and sat down behind his desk, and looked at his papers. He says, “Well, at least you’re honest. You didn't look at any papers on my desk.” What he had done was he had deliberately scattered papers on his desk and then drew a line across the papers to see if I would disturb any of the papers. Of courses, I didn't touch them. He wrote me a very nice letter, which I took down to my draft board. Then, my dentist doctor, George Chait, wrote me a letter and anybody else I could think of. Those are the three I remember. I took them down to my draft board and the next thing I know, I'm at Fort McPherson. I had taken a test while I was in high school for the Army. It was ASTP, Army Specialized Training. What they wanted, they wanted people to train as engineers, all kinds of engineers. You had to have a certain IQ, and make a certain grade on the test, and everything. I made it without too much trouble. They sent me to Camp Fannin, Texas by Tyler, Texas. It wasn't even built yet. They were still building on it. That's the first time I got in trouble in the Army. They … I was there and nothing is going on. I mean, no army stuff going on, but I was there, so they put me with a guy to put in plumbing. They were putting in plumbing for the barracks. He puts in plumbing, then he sits down. I said, “What’s going on?” He says, “We're only supposed to put in three basins a day.” I went, “That's ridiculous. We can put it in three basins in two and a half hours.” He says, “That’s union rules.” I said, “I don't belong to the union and from now on, you don't either.”[I] says, “There’s a war going on. I mean, damn, I'm only making $21 a month. I don't know what you are making, but you are making more than $21 an hour, and we're going to put in basins till quitting time.” We did. His boss came over there and raised hell because we put in three times as many basins than we were supposed to. He and I got into it. I told him there was a war going on, and this was ridiculous, and if he didn't straighten out and fly right, I was going to the authorities and tell them what was going on. So, we put in basins from that time on. I was a loud mouth. I went through Camp Fannin.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7392.0,7691.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Did you feel a need to go to Germany, to …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7691.0,7699.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7699.0,7700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: … to give back?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7700.0,7701.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: I will get to that in a minute.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7701.0,7702.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7702.0,7703.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: I was at Camp Fannin and took my basic training, 13 weeks of basic training. Then, the Army sent me to LSU[Louisiana State University] to train as an engineer. This was an accelerated program. We took a semester's worth of work in one quarter. I mean, they crammed it down our throats till we couldn't see anymore, and when we couldn't handle … when we couldn't swallow anymore, they turned us upside down and put it in the other end. I managed to get two quarters of that and passed it. Then, the Army decided they needed cannon fodder, so they transferred all of us back to the infantry. I went to Camp Maxey, Texas and took another course of basic training. With my ROTC training, and the basic training I got at Fannin, and then the second basic training I got at Maxey, I was basic trained up to my ears. I think it probably saved my life because it became automatic. I didn't have to think what to do next when I got into combat. It was automatic and I just did it. We went. We got to … went overseas. The funny thing is, my father, when he came over here, came on the Marine Flasher, which was a Liberty ship. I went over to Europe on Marine Raider, which was a sister ship.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7703.0,7838.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Really?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7838.0,7839.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: I think. Anyway, I got to England, went to Dorchester, England and then D-Day happened. I didn't make D-Day, thank G-d, but we were the first troop that landed at Le Havre[France]. Le Havre was bombed all to hell. I mean, they did a good job. We landed on the beach at Le Havre and I liked to drowned. We went onshore on an LST, which is one of those flapping jobs. I stepped off the ramp. Of course, with all my gear, I went slap dab out of sight. I had stepped in a hole. We had a guy with a name Nobis. Nobis was six foot five or six, a big guy. When I went out of sight, he just reached out, and grabbed me by the back of the collar, picked me back up, and set me over on the side, and I went on. He saved my life that time. We went to … Got off and went, got on trucks. They shipped us by Red Ball Express, which was a G.I. line going to … We ended up in Belgium.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7839.0,7941.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Was this the summer of 1944?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7941.0,7946.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7946.0,7947.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: So, July or August?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7947.0,7950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Yeah, it was. I think it was later than that. We relieved some folks on the front line. It was fairly quiet. We were spread out from here to Buckhead. I mean … They put us in there. At that time, I was a platoon runner, which meant that if the Lieutenant needed something or needed to communicate with them and the radio didn't work,[he ordered,] “George, go,” and you went. It was in Höfen, Germany we finally ended up. H-O with an umlaut-F-E-N, Germany.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7950.0,8008.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Did they know you were fluent in German?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=8008.0,8011.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Oh, yeah, that … I wanted to tell you that. When we were … When I got to Camp Maxey, they informed me that they didn't want Germans, German born, to go to Germany. That's the reason Frank Rosenberg went to the Pacific. I didn't want to go to the Pacific. I wanted to go to Germany and so I let them know. They came to me and asked, “Do you have any objections to going to Germany?” I says, “Hell, no, I want to go to Germany. I want to get even.” He says, “Okay.” When we were alerted for overseas service, the battalion executive officer came to me and says, “George, you sure you don't mind going to Germany?” I said, “No, that's where I want to go.” He says, “Okay.” About two days later, he comes to me and says, “George, we can't find your paperwork.”[He] says, “All your paperwork is gone. I don't know what happened to it, but we can’t find it.” I said, “Well, see what you can do.” He says, “Okay.” We go get on the thing. I go with them without any paperwork. We get to Boston[Massachusetts], get on board ship, go to Dorchester, England.[After] about two days in England, he says, “George.” I says, “Yeah, what's the trouble?” He says, “No trouble. You know something? Your paperwork turned up. Nobody can figure out what happened to it.” I said, “Well, too late now, isn’t it?” He says, “It sure is.” So, that's how I got to Germany.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=8011.0,8131.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Why did they not take advantage of your German?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=8131.0,8134.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Spies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=8134.0,8136.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: But why did they not use you to help translate?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=8136.0,8138.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: They did.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=8138.0,8139.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Oh, they did?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=8139.0,8140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: They did. I translated, and interrogated, and all that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=8140.0,8149.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Was this at the end of the war, after you were in the infantry?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=8149.0,8151.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: No, this was during the war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=8151.0,8152.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: During the war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=8152.0,8154.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Once I got over there, they used me. In fact, after the[Battle of the] Bulge and various other battles, they transferred me to headquarters just for that reason.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=8154.0,8168.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: So, you were in the Battle of the Bulge?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=8168.0,8170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Yes, ma'am.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=8170.0,8171.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: That must have been horrible.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=8171.0,8173.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: It was terrible. We were—the 99th Infantry Division, which I was a member of—we were known as Butler’s Battling Blue Bastards and there is a reason for that name. Butler was a battalion commander.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=8173.0,8193.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: What was his first name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=8193.0,8195.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: McClernand Butler. He was a Lieutenant Colonel. He was a battalion commander. ‘Blue’ was because our codename was Danube Blue, ‘battling’ because the powers that be always put us on detached service, which meant we got the mucky end of the stick every time, because if you were on detached service, they put you where they didn't want to put their own people. That's the reason for ‘bastards’ and ‘battling’ because we were always in the middle of things. They used me as an interpreter. As a matter of fact, I got the first Combat Infantry Badge in my platoon for the simple reason my name was Prager. Every other body that got it was in the alphabet behind me. I still got the badge.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=8195.0,8269.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Really? The Battle of the Bulge … Can you—and I do not want you to if it upsets you at all …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=8269.0,11821.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: It doesn’t.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=11821.0,11822.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: … but can you describe …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=11822.0,11883.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: It was hell on wheels. I mean, they bombarded us like you wouldn’t believe. We were on a bridge guard and they bombarded us. As a matter of fact, I was in a foxhole and a big shell—I think it was a … it must have been a rocket—hit right there, and blew me out of my foxhole, and dumped me on the side. Didn't hurt me, except my ears were ringing. I jumped up, dove back in my foxhole. I didn't actually dive. I jumped in and number two hit, blew me back out. I said, “To hell with this, I’ll just stay out.” Then, after the bombardment, they flew over in planes. We heard the planes. All of a sudden, everything gets dark. It was a night. What they had done. they had dumped a bunch of parachutes and they landed on top of us. Being that I was the only one that could speak German … We thought it was delayed action bomb. It was a big thing, about as big as that couch. The lieutenant says, “George, go see what it is, if there's any markings on it.” I was the only one that could read it. I go over there and I found out it was an equipment cylinder. It was full of Panzerfaust—Panzerfaust is a German bazooka—and it had two Italian submachine guns in there, which I confiscated one because it shot faster than my M1[rifle]. I informed everybody. I opened it, and informed everybody what was in it, and what it was. We got up the next morning, and there must have been eight or ten of those things within our area of sight. Of course, we immediately got the parachutes down off the trees and everything else, but we never did see any infantry. They dumped the infantry in the next valley. We got them later. But, our outfit held the northern anchor of the Bulge. We did not move. We stayed there. Everything been around us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=11883.0,12060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: How long were you there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12060.0,12063.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Till the thing was over.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12063.0,12064.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: No, but do you remember the time frame?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12064.0,12067.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Probably two weeks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12067.0,12068.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Two weeks. Did you go to Germany then? Were you in Germany?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12068.0,12076.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: We were in Germany just barely.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12076.0,12078.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Barely. Do you recall how it felt to be back in Germany, but in a totally different way?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12078.0,12085.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Yes.[I felt,] “Let's tear the place up!”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12085.0,12090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Did you … Were you just angry?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12090.0,12092.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12092.0,12093.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Did you have a lot of anger?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12093.0,12094.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12094.0,12095.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: You still did not know at this point where your father was, correct?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12095.0,12098.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: No, I had no idea.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12098.0,12100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Did you have other relatives who were still in Germany?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12100.0,12104.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Oh, yeah. My father had a brother who they got. Some of them got out. Of course, we had uncles, and cousins, and …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12104.0,12114.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Did you know where any of them were at this point?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12114.0,12116.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: At this point, no.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12116.0,12119.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: When the war ended, did you try to go find as many of them as you could?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12119.0,12123.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: I didn't because I had no mobility, but everybody knew where my mother was, my real mother. She was the information center. But we've got through the Battle of the Bulge then we got into the Ruhr pocket, which they surrounded a bunch of Germans in the Ruhr pocket. We were the detached service again. Good old Butler—and he was good—we went right down through the middle of that pocket and get to a town of Hiemer, H-I-E-M-E-R, which was a hospital town. It was a full of hospitals. Our commanders decided that it wouldn't want to do fight for the town and tear the hospitals up, or bombard it, and so forth, so they got ahold of the Germans and tried to arrange a truce. We did. They arranged a truce so we wouldn't fight over a town. Now, we got stopped right outside of town, and we are sitting there, and I'm watching, and here is a Gästehof[German: guest house] right there in front of us at the edge of town. A Gästehof is an inn, a bar. We watch these Germans go in, stay half an hour, and come out. I says, “All those people are going to the Gästehof.” I took a couple of buddies.[I said,] “I'm going down there to the Gästehof. We got a truce. Nobody is going to bother us. We don't bother them; they don't bother us. You want to go?” He says, “You're crazy.” I said, “That may be, but I sure would love to have a beer.” He says, “Me, too,” so we got another guy and the three of us went down to the Gästehof. Now, remember, we got our rifles with us. We walk in the Gästehof and everybody's looking. Nobody says a word. Here are three armed G.I.s. Of course, the Germans got their guns, too.[We] walk up to the bar[and said,] “Barkeep, three beers.”[He asks,] “You got money?”[I said,] “Yeah.”[He said,] “Okay.”[He] puts three beers on a counter. We sit there and drink our beers.[I said,] “Bartender, three more.”[He] put them down. We drank two or three of them and this was good German beer. Bruce looks at me and he says, “I’ve had enough.”[I said,] “Me, too. Okay. How much I owe you?” He tells me. I reach in my pocket, pull out Occupation Marks that we had[been] given. I hand them to the bartender. He tells me how much it is. I hand them to the bartender. He looks at them. He says, “This ain't money.” I said, “I know it's not money. Those are Occupation Marks.” He says, “So?” I says, “They're no good now.” He says, “I know that.”[I said,] “Yes, but you give it two or three days, they'll be good.” He's says, “Oh. You sure?”[I said,] “I'm positive.”[He said,] “Okay. See you, fellows.” Off we go. I mean, the war wasn't all dirt, and blood, and guts. There were some moments. You just had to pick them and hope you lived through them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12123.0,12402.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: When did you get out?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12402.0,12405.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: I got out in 1946.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12405.0,12409.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: And you met your wife?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12409.0,12410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12410.0,12411.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: No?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12411.0,12413.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Yeah, I met my wife.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12413.0,12413.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Right, you met …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12413.0,12415.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: The war was still going on and I met my wife. Like I told you before, I had just come in from a hunting trip for war criminals. I was dirty, and filthy, and road dust, and everything else, unshaven. I'm walking in this little town, which was later my town. I was the unofficial mayor. I'm walking down the street looking. There’s this friend of mine, Richard Sage. His name, I remember. Richard was a married man with two kids and lonesome as all get out. He's over there talking to this woman who's up on the first floor, in a window talking to him. I said, “Richard, we're not supposed to fraternize.” I was the guy who was supposed to enforce this thing. He says, “Oh, but this is all right.” He says, “She's Czech. She's not a German.” We couldn't fraternize with Germans, but Czechs were allies. He says, “She's Czech. We can fraternize with her.” I said, “Okay.” She's talking to Richard and then she says something to her mother in German. I said, “Would you please talk English,” because she was talking English to Richard, “Would you please talk English? I don't understand German.” That set her off. She looks over at her mother, says, “Have you ever seen a filthier G.I. than that one? G-d, he’s a mess.”[She] says, “Look at that guy.”[She] says, “He needs a shave. He needs to take a bath.”[She] said, “His clothes are dirty.”[She] says, “He is just a mess.” Of course, I understand every word. I am talking in English and she's just giving me down the country. We went on. I mean, it got late. There was a curfew. A couple of days later, I'm walking along. There was a canal along this town.[It was] a little town named Hirschaid, H-I-R-S-C-H-A-I-D, in Bavaria, right by Bamberg. There’s a canal there. Kids are gigging eels in the muck[on] one side.[There were] two canals. One had been bombed out, was nothing but mud in the bottom and they had eels in it. The kids are gigging eels. I'm in a bathing suit cause I was swimming in the other one. Here's this girl laying on a blanket. I walked up[and said] in German, “Hi. How ya doing?” I'm chatting her up. She's looking at me, and looking at me,[thinking,] “I know this guy from someplace, but where? He's obviously a G.I. But I don't … I can't place him.” About that time, somebody comes on[and calls,] “Hey, Prager. What's going on?” The light goes on.[She thinks,] “Oh, my G-d. This was the guy I gave down the country the other day.” But we got along fine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12415.0,12657.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: It sounds like it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12657.0,12661.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: It only lasted 64 years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12661.0,12664.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Sixty-four years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12664.0,12665.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Everybody said it wouldn't work. They may be right. Like I say, it's only 64. But I was in charge of that town, in charge of curfew. I'm walking around one day, one evening, and these people are not observing curfew. They're all over the place. Next day, I order me some G.I. trucks. I take my MPs to them, and arrest everybody that's outside, put them on the back of the truck. They take them on to Bamberg, take him to court, fine him 100 Marks. I was a ‘dirty pig’ that did that, because the guys got into that thing real good. What they’d do[is] they walk up to a house and tell somebody, “Come here a minute.” The minute they step out the door, you're violating curfew, so I was known as the ‘dirty pig.’","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12665.0,12732.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Did your platoon ever enter any of the concentration camps?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12732.0,12737.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Yes, one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12737.0,12738.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Which one?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12738.0,12738.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Muhlhausen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12738.0,12740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: What was that like for you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12740.0,12741.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Terrible.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12741.0,12742.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Can you describe it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12742.0,12743.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Terrible. As a matter of fact, we went … We never got into the camp. We went by it, just on the edges. These prisoners in there were starving to death. They were howling for food and everything. I don't know whether you know a K-ration cracker, which is a soda cracker about that big. We had … Nobody ate them. We had them in our … and they started throwing those things over the fence. Several people got trampled to death, so they told us not to feed them, that there would be people in there to feed them right behind us. But it was pretty bad. I mean, they looked like skeletons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12743.0,12799.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Did your fellow soldiers know that you had relatives and a father that you did not know …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12799.0,12804.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: They knew. They knew I had a father. I imagine they surmised that I had other relatives.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12804.0,12814.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Were you constantly trying to look for …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12814.0,12817.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12817.0,12818.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: No?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12818.0,12819.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: There was no use. I mean, you had no access to administration records. I mean, you just … If you met somebody, you know, you could ask, but that's all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12819.0,12838.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: When the war ended and you came back to Georgia with your wife, did you resume your education then?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12838.0,12854.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: No, not right then. But I mean, the war ended. We got married, which is a terrible process. I mean, it was really rough, but we made it. They put my wife in a war bride camp. The war was over, but I wouldn't leave Germany till my wife was out of the country. I didn't trust the army. She got on the SS Zebulon Vance and cussed me for 18 days. It took her 18 days to get to the United States from Bremerhaven, because Zebulon Vance had a hospital on board. They’d ride a little ways and[on] a ship going the other way, somebody fell, or had an appendicitis attack, or something else. They’d stop, and turn around, and go back, and pick them up, operate on them, keep them, and so forth. It took her forever to get there and she was seasick the whole time. She had told me. She says, “Get me some lemons or something,” which I promptly forgot, so I got the blame.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12854.0,12948.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: What was your wife's name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12948.0,12951.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Mimi, M-I-M-I.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12951.0,12955.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Was she Jewish?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12955.0,12957.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: No, she was Catholic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12957.0,12958.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Catholic. How did both sets of your parents feel about you marrying someone not Jewish?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12958.0,12968.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Her parents didn’t care, my father didn't care, and my mother never forgave me. She did not approve of my wife. Mother … We got married in 1946 and[when] Mother died in 1972, still hadn't forgiven me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12968.0,12998.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: How did that affect you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12998.0,13001.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: You don't want her? To hell with you. I mean, you got to remember that my mother did not raise me during my formative years, so I had a mother …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13001.0,13004.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13004.0,13005.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: … that I could go to, and who loved Mimi. As a matter of fact, when Kathy was born, my Mattel mother took us to the hospital because we didn’t own a car. My mother told me at that time—my real mother—“I'm glad I have a granddaughter. She's beautiful. I'm really glad everything is all right, but I will never babysit this child,” and she didn’t.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13005.0,13060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Wow. I am sorry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13060.0,13062.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: I mean, she was bitter and—look, she had a cause; her whole life was disrupted—but she did not forgive me. My father, he loved it. I mean, as far as he was concerned, that wasn’t nothing, but she, my mother … I am sure she dictated this letter that my brother wrote me. I wish I had kept it, but I got mad and I burned it up. He wrote me a letter giving me 10,000 reasons why I shouldn't marry Mimi, but it worked out pretty good.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13062.0,13114.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Yes, I would say so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13114.0,13115.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: I mean, we got married in 1946. I came to the States and got a job at Stein Steel and Supply Company as a stock boy, making $40 a week. I left there ten years later as a store manager.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13115.0,13141.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: That is wonderful. How many children?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13141.0,13144.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Two.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13144.0,13147.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Any grandchildren?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13147.0,13148.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: No grandchildren.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13148.0,13151.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: I want to talk a little bit about your cousins.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13151.0,13155.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13155.0,13156.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: We talked a little bit about them before. It is such an interesting story because I have noticed with some other Holocaust survivors or people who came—children who came—during the 1930s, that some have become more religious, became more Jewish, because they felt they survived and they turned towards Judaism. Others turned away from Judaism, which is, I guess, what happened to your cousins? Can you describe that for me?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13156.0,13196.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know. All I know is that Gerry decided that he didn't want to be Jewish, became[an] Episcopal priest. As I told you, my uncle, his father, Polle, said, “Judaism hasn't given[me] nothing but trouble.” It gave him trouble in World War One, it gave him trouble in Germany, he had some trouble here—nothing to amount to anything—but he says, “Religion just is not worth it,” as far as he was concerned. He became an Episcopalian. The whole family turned Episcopalian. Of course, that was Gerry's doing. They decided that … I don't think they're real tough Episcopalians either, but …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13196.0,13266.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Did you ever discuss it with them, with your cousins?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13266.0,13271.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Not really.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13271.0,13273.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: How did you feel about it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13273.0,13276.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Suits me. I mean, the thing is, like I told you, organized religion is a no-no, as far as I'm concerned. I give to the Jewish Welfare Fund and that, but I do not attend any services. Well, there is no service out here. I sent my kids to Or VeShalom shul[Yiddish: synagogue] to get acquainted with the Jewish religion. Then, when they graduated, I said, “It's up to you. You do as you want and that's it.” Neither one of them is very religious.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13276.0,13337.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Did you ever go back to Germany later …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13337.0,13338.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13338.0,13339.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: … to visit your …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13339.0,13340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: I went back to Germany, but we always went to southern Germany. I never went back to the old hometown. We went to Bavaria, and so forth, and so on, but we did not go back to Hildesheim, which I've always been sorry for, that we didn't do that, but time wise, it was easier to go to Germany, to Bavaria, because, all the tourist stuff is down there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13340.0,13385.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Can you remember what your home looked like in Hildesheim?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13385.0,13388.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Oh, yes. Friesenstrasse siebenundzwanzig[German: 27 Friesen Street] and Patriotenplatz[German: Patriot Square] fourteen, vierzehn[German]. I don't … I think Patriotenplatz is probably gone. Hildesheim was whole till the very end of the war and then they bombed it all to hell. When I went back, right after the war, while I was in occupation, the town was very little damaged. I mean, they tell me it was very little, but it had been damaged by that time. But the old home place on the Friesenstrasse was still there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13388.0,13443.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Did your parents ever go back?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13443.0,13445.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13445.0,13450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Did you ever try to receive reparations from the German government?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13450.0,13454.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: My mother and father got it and I got, I think, $1,000 for lost education.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13454.0,13463.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Yes, it was hard to get anything, so …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13463.0,13467.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: But, my mother and father got some reparations and, like I said, I think I got $1,000 for loss of education. I went to Georgia Tech[Georgia Institute of Technology] here under the G.I. Bill of Rights, but I couldn't hack it. I was going to Georgia Tech, I had a family, and I had a job, and it just got too much. I just couldn't handle it. I had to keep my family. I certainly needed my job because I had nobody to help me, so Georgia Tech went. But I have a son who's got a master's degree from Georgia Tech.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13467.0,13520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Very nice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13520.0,13521.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: I saw to it that he got it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13521.0,13527.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: You mentioned earlier that one of the other children who came here, Ludwik …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13527.0,13531.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Ludwig, yes, Rosenfeld.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13531.0,13533.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Did you keep in touch with him?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13533.0,13537.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: For a while.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13537.0,13538.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: What can you tell me about him?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13538.0,13540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Nothing. He was a good friend of mine. He spent a lot of time at the house, just palling around.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13540.0,13550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Who did he live with? Do you remember?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13550.0,13555.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER:[No,] but none of them had the relationship with their families that I had.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13555.0,13563.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: You were very lucky.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13563.0,13565.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Very lucky. Frank Rosenberg lived with a family and then got to another family. Of course, I was a very charming child, also.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13565.0,13579.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: You were very cute.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13579.0,13582.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: The thing is this: that, like I said, the Mattels took me on a temporary basis and, being the charming child that I was, they decided to keep me. Let's face it, they did something that I would find very hard to do: take a teenager and raise him through high school, but they did. Until they died, we were … Mother and Father … you know, family. Like I said, I keep up with the two kids. In fact, I talked to Gerre just last week and I talk to Martin every two weeks at least.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13582.0,13635.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is wonderful. That really is wonderful. I think that we have … Did you want to ask …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13635.0,13644.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"EINSTEIN: Just to kind of round out, what career did you end up having?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13644.0,13649.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13649.0,13650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Well, I came to Atlanta and I got a job at Stein Steel Supply Company on January the 2nd, 1947. I worked there ten years, almost to the date. Like I said, I, started as a stock boy and ended up being store manager of the main store. Then, I ran Southern Pipe and Supply Company for them. Then, I was offered a job in a scrap metal business by a Mr. Louis[Davidson], who was also a German. I worked for him for five years till he died. His wife took over and we didn’t quite[see eye to eye], but it was all right for a while. Then, I went to work for National Iron and Metal Company as a weigh master, also in the scrap metal business. I was working, started with them on a Monday, and on a Wednesday—I had known them before—on a Wednesday, the following Wednesday, Joe Maskell, the big boss came to me, and says, “George.” I says, “Yeah?”[He said,] “You seem to be doing pretty good.” I says, “Yeah, I'm getting acclimated.”[He said,] “Good. I'm going to Miami[Florida] in the morning. I'll see you. You got the check writing thing for the bank. Daddy is in town if you need any help. I’ll see you.” He walked out the door for two weeks and left me sitting there. I had no earthly idea. I had been in the scrap business before, but I was in metal scrap, which meant no iron. He handled metal scrap and iron I didn't know iron from beans. He says, “See you,” and he walked out the door. I was scared to death. I didn't even know all the employees. Two weeks later, he came back, looked things over, and said, “You did fine. See? I won’t have no qualms about leaving again.” I said, “I’m going to hit you upside the head if you do.” I stayed with him for 25 years, and ended up being store manager, and general manager, and then I retired.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13650.0,13845.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Retired. So, you were always in the scrap metal business pretty much?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13845.0,13849.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: No, I was in plumbing …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13849.0,13850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Plumbing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13850.0,13851.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: … business for ten years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13851.0,13852.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Ten years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13852.0,13854.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: But the rest of the time I was in the scrap metal business.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13854.0,13857.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Did you know Bill Breman?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13857.0,13859.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Oh, yeah. He was right down the street from us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13859.0,13863.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: And the Cohens?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13863.0,13865.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Oh, yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13865.0,13866.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Gerald and Bernard?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13866.0,13868.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Yeah. Oh, yeah. In fact, when I went to work for National Iron, Bernard came to me and he says, “George.” He says, “If I have known you wanted a job, why didn't you come see me? I would have given you a job.” I said, “Bernard, to be honest with you, I wasn't looking for a job.” He says, “No?”[I said,] “I was looking for a position and I found it.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13868.0,13894.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: That is great. And did you know the Londons?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13894.0,13898.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Oh, yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13898.0,13899.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Max London?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13899.0,13899.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Oh, yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13899.0,13900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: What can you tell me about Max London?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13900.0,13901.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: I didn’t know him well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13901.0,13903.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Well …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13903.0,13903.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Sidney Feldman was a fine fellow.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13903.0,13905.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13905.0,13908.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"EINSTEIN: I just have one other little thing that I was wondering. You know, there are so few German Jewish kids your age who survived the war, I mean, just those who were taken out. I wonder whether you … if that's been something that you've thought about over the years, that you were lucky or … Some people feel guilty. Some people … I mean, there are all these … People have various ways of thinking about that. I was wondering whether …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13908.0,13941.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: I had a horseshoe in each hip pocket and two or more on my neck. I mean, I just felt lucky that I survived. I felt just as lucky that I survived World War Two because a lot of fellows I knew didn’t. But, I mean, I just … I told someone the other day. I said, “I have led an interesting life without any doubt.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13941.0,13971.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: And you had a very astute uncle who helped get you out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13971.0,13975.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Yes, I did. I mean, I owe him a lot. But he was quite a fellow, smart as a whip.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13975.0,13992.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: What did he do when he came here? He went to Albany, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13992.0,13998.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: He went to Albany, and then, he got into merchandizing. He and two other fellows started Albany Paper Company and they did all right. Then, the two fellows kicked him out. I don't know all the details, but he didn't want to get out, but they forced him out. He told them. He says, “Okay, you got me out of the company, but I'm going to run you out of business,” and he did. It took a while, but he did.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13998.0,14053.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Did he stay in Albany for the rest of his life?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=14053.0,14057.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Yeah, till he retired. Then, he moved to Clearwater, Florida and lived there, and then, he died. Then, they had a place in Clearwater. His[wife] was there and the two boys had[their] mother move to La Grange[Georgia], which I thought was a mistake, but … They brought her to La Grange. She called me one day. We kept in touch. We were fairly close. She called me one day and says, “George, can you come down to Albany this week sometime”—not Albany; to La Grange—“Can you come to La Grange sometime?” I says, “yeah.”[She said,] “I want to talk to you.”[I said,] “Okay.” I went down there and she says, “When I die, I want you to be the referee. All the money is taken care of, but I've got furniture, and heirlooms, and this set, and the other, household goods, and so forth, and so on. And I want you to be the referee between the two boys. I don't want any fighting.” I said, “Thanks a lot, appreciate it.” She says, “Well, will you do it?” I said, “Certainly I'll do it. I don't like it, but I'll do it.” So, she died years after that. We had a meeting, Werner, Gerry, and myself over at her place. I said, “Okay.” And the wives[were there]. I said, “All right. I've thought about this, what I'm going to do.” He says, “How are you going to handle this?” I says, “You know your mother’s stuff. It's all here and we're going to divide it up into lots: A, B, C, D. Gerry, you’re the oldest. You get number one pick. Whatever it is, you got it. Werner, you’re the youngest. You get number two pick. Whatever it is, it is. The wives? Get the hell out of here.” That's how we did it and it worked like a charm. Werner’s wife, Catherine, who is a fine lady, didn't care. Everything suited her. The other one, Fran, wanted everything. She’d take the whole lot, so that's the reason I threw them out. But it worked.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=14057.0,14261.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Well …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=14261.0,14262.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Not one argument.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=14262.0,14264.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Good for you. That is great. I think that is it. I think we had a great interview. I appreciate it so much and was thrilled to finally meet you. I have seen your face on lots of things over the years in my files. Now, here you are.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=14264.0,14286.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: I didn't know. I've been down there two or three times, but not lately. I don't drive anymore.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=14286.0,14294.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Well …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=14294.0,14295.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: I'm a diabetic. Kathy and I went out here the other day and I got dizzy as all get out. I said, “That's it.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=14295.0,14304.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: That is it, yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=14304.0,14305.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"EINSTEIN: Thank you both.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=14305.0,14306.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=14306.0,14307.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/transcript/70233/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PRAGER: Did you look at the …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=14307.0,7108.438"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHildesheim is a town in northern Germany 18 miles (28 kilometers) south of Hannover.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=45.0,103.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP), commonly known as the “Nazi Party,” was a political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945. The party’s leader was Adolf Hitler. Initially, Nazi political strategy focused on anti-big business, anti-bourgeois, and anti-capitalist rhetoric. In the 1930s the party's focus shifted to antisemitic and anti-Marxist themes. Racism was also central to Nazism. The Nazis aimed to unite all Germans as national comrades, whilst excluding those deemed either to be community aliens or of a foreign race. The Nazis sought to improve the stock of the Germanic people through racial purity and eugenics, broad social welfare programs, and a disregard for the value of individual life, which could be sacrificed for the good of the Nazi state and the “Aryan master race.” Following a series of electoral victories, President Paul von Hindenburg appointed Hitler chancellor of Germany on January 30, 1933. Within two years, Hitler and the Nazis had created a dictatorship.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=103.0,115.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Nazis’ racial laws were a set of policies and laws implemented by Nazi Germany, asserting the superiority of the “Aryan race,” and based on a specific racist doctrine, which claimed scientific legitimacy. These policies targeted Jews, Gypsies, homosexuals, handicapped people, and others who were labeled as inferior in a racial hierarchy to the “master race” of Germans. In Germany, the Nuremberg Laws of 1935 were passed on November 15, 1935. They formed the cornerstone of the German Nazi Party’s racial policy and heralded in a new wave of antisemitic legislation that brought about immediate and concrete segregation. They included the Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor, prohibiting marriages and sexual relations between Jews and Germans, and the Reich Citizenship Law, which stripped Jews of their German citizenship. Allies of the Nazis emulated these laws.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=208.0,220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlbany is a city in southwest Georgia, about 150 miles (242 kilometers) from Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=220.0,264.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLeopold Linz (1897-1972) was married to Rita Nussbaum (1904-1990), whose father, Joseph (1869-1940), owned the Kaufhaus Nussbaum department store in Waltershausen, a town in central Germany.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=277.0,299.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKarl Friedrich May (1842-1912) was a German author best known for his travel and adventure novels, many of which were set in the American Old West.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=353.0,430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe SS Manhattan was a luxury ocean liner built for the United States Lines. Launched in 1931, she was commissioned by the Coast Guard during World War II and later sold as scrap.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=463.0,516.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eViola Wyle (1881-1944) was a social worker originally from Ohio. She became the Director of Case Work and her husband, Armand Wyle, became the Superintendent of the Hebrew Orphans Home in Atlanta in 1929. After the home closed in 1930, she continued to oversee the assignment of Jewish children to foster families.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=640.0,679.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Hebrew Orphans’ Home was located at 478 Washington Street in Atlanta, Georgia. The residence facility was open from 1876 to 1930. It was originally called the Hebrew Orphans’ Asylum and was originally an actual orphanage. In 1901, the name was changed to the Hebrew Orphans’ Home. Then its services phased into placing children in foster home care and helping with adoptions instead of an actual orphans' home, during which time it was called the Jewish Family and Children's Bureau (and another variation—Jewish Children's Services). Finally it got out of the children's institutional care business entirely. In 1988, the organization’s mission changed and it became the Jewish Educational Loan Fund (JELF) with the goal of providing low-interest post-secondary education loans for Jewish students.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=694.0,695.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLeer is a historic town in northwestern Germany, in a region known as ostfriesland [German: East Friesland or East Frisia].\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=737.0,830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWilliam A. Bass Junior High School opened in 1923 and served the Atlanta, Georgia neighborhoods of Inman Park, Little Five Points, Morningside, East Atlanta, Kirkwood and Druid Hills. It was named for William A. Bass, who served as a Confederate Captain during the Civil War. It became a high school in 1947. After the high school closed in 1987, it was converted to apartments known as the Bass Lofts.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=1054.0,1266.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Temple, or “Hebrew Benevolent Congregation,” is Atlanta’s oldest Jewish congregation. The cornerstone was laid on the Temple on Garnett Street in 1875. The dedication was held in 1877 and the Temple was located there until 1902. The Temple’s next location on Pryor Street was dedicated in 1902. The Temple’s current location in Midtown on Peachtree Street was dedicated in 1931. The main sanctuary is on the National Register of Historic Places. The Reform congregation now totals approximately 1500 families.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=1458.0,1498.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eReform Judaism is a division within Judaism, especially in North America and the United Kingdom. Historically it began in the 19th century. In general, the Reform movement maintains that Judaism and Jewish traditions should be modernized and compatible with participation in Western culture. While the Torah remains the law, in Reform Judaism women are included (mixed seating, bat mitzvah, and women rabbis), instrumental music is allowed in the services, and most of the service is in the local language as opposed to Hebrew.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=1509.0,1582.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKashrut is a set of dietary laws dealing with the foods that Jews are permitted to eat and how those foods must be prepared according to Jewish law. Food that may be consumed is deemed kosher, from the Ashkenazi pronunciation of the Hebrew term kashér, meaning \"fit\" (in this context, \"fit for consumption\").\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=1509.0,1582.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTefillin, also called “phylacteries,” are a set of small black leather boxes containing scrolls of parchment inscribed with verses from the Torah, which are worn by observant Jews during weekday morning prayers. They are worn around the arm, hand and fingers and on the forehead in a process called lehani’ach tefillin [Hebrew: bind tefillin]. The Torah commands that they should be worn as a “sign” and “remembrance” that G-d brought the children of Israel out of Egypt.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=1509.0,1582.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Dr. David Marx (1872-1962) was a long-time rabbi at the Temple in Atlanta, Georgia. A native of New Orleans, he led the congregation’s move toward the practices of Reform Judaism. He served as rabbi from 1895 to 1946. When he retired, Rabbi Jacob Rothschild took the pulpit that Rabbi Marx had held for more than half a century.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=1509.0,1582.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the written Torah and the oral law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays, and more.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=1596.0,1599.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA bar mitzvah [Hebrew: son of commandments] is a rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day. At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes. He is now duty-bound to keep the commandments, he puts on tefillin, and may be counted to the minyan quorum for public worship. He celebrates the bar mitzvah by being called up to the reading of the Torah in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=1638.0,1791.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Hilan Theater was an 800 seat theater on North Highland Avenue in Atlanta that opened in 1933. Since closing in 1969, the theater has undergone multiple renovations and been used by a variety of businesses.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=2092.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Treaty of Versailles, which ended World War 1, had forced Germany to cede an area known as West Prussia—which included Danzig [Polish: Gdansk], largely an ethnically German city—to the newly reconstructed state of Poland. The Polish Corridor, also known as the Danzig Corridor, Corridor to the Sea or Gdańsk Corridor, was a territory located in the region of Pomerelia, which provided Poland with access to the Baltic Sea, thus dividing the bulk of Weimar Germany from the province of East Prussia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=5962.0,6045.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKaiser is the German word for Emperor, which ruled Germany from 1871 to 1918.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=5962.0,6045.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePrussia was a German state located on most of the North European Plain. It also occupied the southern and eastern regions. Prussia formed the German Empire when it united the German states in 1871. The Prussian government powers were transferred by an emergency de facto degree to the German Chancellor in 1932 and by de jure by an Allied decree in 1947.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=5962.0,6045.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Immigration Act of 1924, popularly known as the ‘Johnson-Reed Act,’ was a federal law that limited the annual number of immigrants who could be admitted from any country to two percent of the number of people from that country who were already living in the United States in 1890. Great Britain and Ireland dominated most of the available slots. Germany was assigned about 26,000 immigrants per year, while countries like Poland were allowed 6,000 immigrants per year. It was aimed at restricting Southern and Eastern European immigrants, mainly Jews fleeing persecution in Poland and Russia, who had started immigrating to the United States in large numbers in the 1890s. It also restricted immigration of Middle Easterners and Asians. From 1939 to 1945, the quota for Polish immigrants admitted into the U.S. had increased to 15,000 per year, but, by then, it was too late.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=5962.0,6045.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDuring World War I, 100,000 Jews fought for Germany. As Nazi racial laws were implemented in the 1930s, veterans were initially exempted from many. These exceptions reinforced the way many veterans identified themselves—as Germans rather than as Jews—and created a false and short-lived sense of security. Eventually, all German Jews—regardless of their earlier service to their country—were disenfranchised and suffered under the increasing anti-Jewish laws and abuses.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=6049.0,6051.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Theresienstadt (Terezín) \"camp-ghetto\" near Prague in the present-day Czech Republic was opened in late 1941 and existed until May 1945. It served as a ghetto, an assembly camp, and a concentration camp. In the course of its existence, approximately 140,000 Jews from Germany, Austria, and about one third of the Jewish population of Bohemia and Moravia were sent to Theresienstadt. Roughly 33,000 died in Theresienstadt itself due to starvation and disease. Nearly 90,000 Jews were deported from Theresienstadt to other ghettos, concentration camps, and extermination camps in Nazi-occupied Eastern Europe.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=6051.0,6079.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 1933, 515 Jews lived in Hildesheim. By May 1939, only 210 remained. Either in March 1942 or July 24, 1942, the 51 remaining Jews in Hildesheim were deported to Theresienstadt.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=6051.0,6079.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1650, the Coldstream Guards is the oldest continuously serving regular regiment in the British Army. As part of the Household Division, one of its principal roles is the protection of the monarchy, although the regiment is also an elite infantry force.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=6210.0,6756.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFrom 1945 to 1949, Germany was occupied by the Allied forces and divided into four administrative zones by the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, France and the United States. The American occupied zone was in the southern portion of Germany and included the cities of Munich, Frankfurt am Main, Stuttgart, Nürnberg, and the southern part of the city of Berlin. The British zone was in northeastern Germany and included the cities of Hannover, Bremen, and Hamburg.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=6210.0,6756.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEstablished in 1872, Boys High School was one of the first public schools in the city of Atlanta. The school occupied several locations throughout the city until 1924, when it was re-located to Charles Allen Drive and 10th Street. It remained a school for white males until it merged with Girls High and Tech High in 1947 to form Henry Grady High School.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7114.0,7118.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) is a college-based program for training commissioned officers of the United States Armed Forces. ROTC officers serve in all branches of the United States armed forces. Army ROTC students who receive scholarships are obligated to fulfill a service commitment after graduation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7121.0,7140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eUntil the Civil Rights Act of 1964 officially ended what were known as “Jim Crow” laws, racial segregation was mandated in practically every aspect of public life in the South beginning in the 1890's. Some examples of Jim Crow laws are the segregation of public schools, places, and public transportation and the segregation of restrooms, restaurants and drinking fountains for whites and blacks. Private businesses, political parties, and unions also created their own Jim Crow arrangements, barring Blacks from buying homes in certain neighborhoods, from shopping or working in certain stores, from working at certain trades, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7223.0,7229.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II (abbreviated WWII or WW2) was a global war involving fighting in most of the world and most countries. Most countries fought in the years 1939–1945 but some started fighting in 1937. The United States did not become fully involved in the war until 1941. On December 7, 1941, the United States declared war on Japan following the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor, a United States Navy deep-water naval base in Hawaii. Three days later, after Germany and Italy declared war on it\u003cbr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7350.0,7358.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFort McPherson was a U.S. Army military base located in East Point, Georgia, on the southwest edge of Atlanta, Georgia. During World War II, Fort McPherson served as a general depot, where thousands of men were processed for entry in the army. Fort McPherson was closed down in 2011. The property is now owned by actor/producer Tyler Perry, who redeveloped the site into Tyler Perry Studios.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7392.0,7691.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Army Specialized Training Program (ASTP) was instituted by the United States Army during World War II to help meet the demand for junior officers and soldiers with technical skills. Two hundred twenty-seven universities within the U.S. participated in the program. The training offered included engineering, foreign languages, and medicine. The program started in 1942 and was shut down in early 1944, after officials realized that additional soldiers were needed to fight in Europe and the program provided a large group of already trained soldiers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7392.0,7691.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCamp Fannin was a U.S. Army Infantry Replacement Training Center and prisoner-of-war camp located near Tyler, Texas. It was opened in May 1943 and operated for four years, before closing in 1946. It is credited with training over 200,000 U.S. soldiers, sometimes as many as 40,000 at one given time.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7392.0,7691.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLiberty ships were cargo ships built by the United States during World War II under the Emergency Shipbuilding Program. The design concept came from the British, but the U.S. adopted the design for building the simple, low-cost ships. Eighteen shipyards built 2,710 Liberty ships from 1941-1945.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7703.0,7838.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCamp Maxey was a World War II infantry training camp and used to house prisoners of war. It opened in July 1942 about ten miles north of Paris, Texas and was closed after the war.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7703.0,7838.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe SS Marine Flasher was an American freighter-passenger ship built for the U.S. Maritime Commission and launched in May 1945. From early 1946 through 1948, she was chartered to the United States Lines as a passenger ship. On May 20, 1946, the Marine Flasher was the first ship to arrive in the United States with refugees who had received visas under the Truman Directive.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7703.0,7838.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Red Ball Express was a truck convoy system used to keep Allied units supplied as they pushed across France in the summer and fall of 1944. Because it was only one-way and open only to military vehicles, to prevent confusion, all vehicles on the route were marked with red circles on the front and rear. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7839.0,7941.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNearly 133,000 Allied troops assaulted a 50-mile stretch of the Normandy coast on ‘D-Day,’ June 6, 1944. There were over 10,000 Allied casualties on D-Day. The Normandy landings have been called the beginning of the end of war in Europe.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7839.0,7941.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Landing Ship Tank, or LST, is a ship first developed during World War II to support amphibious operations. It could carry tanks, vehicles, cargo, and troops directly onto a low slope beach with no docks or piers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7839.0,7941.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLe Havre is a port city in northern France. Its location on the English Channel and its port, which was deep enough for large ships to dock, made it a strategic objective during the Allied invasion of France in World War II. After heavy bombing and fighting, which killed over 5,000 civilians and demolished most of the city, Le Havre was liberated by Allied soldiers on September 12, 1944. By October, the port was open again and became a major disembarkation point for Allied soldiers. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7839.0,7941.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBuckhead is an area located northwest of Downtown Atlanta with gracious homes, elegant hotels, shopping centers, restaurants, and high-rise condominium and office buildings. It is a major commercial and financial center of the Southeast, and it is the third-largest business district in Atlanta, behind Downtown and Midtown.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7950.0,8008.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHofen is a small town in south-western Germany near the French border. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=7950.0,8008.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Pacific Theatre was where a series of battles during World War II took place. Geographically, it was a large area that included the Pacific Ocean and Asia. World War II had two primary theatres: The European Theatre and the Pacific Theatre.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=8011.0,8131.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlso known as the Ardennes Offensive (December 16, 1944 - January 25, 1945), the Battle of the Bulge was a major German offensive launched toward the end of World War II through the densely forested Ardennes mountain region in Belgium. Hitler threw everything he had into trying to drive the Allies back and stopping their advance out of Normandy, France. The Germans achieved nearly complete surprise during a period of heavy overcast weather, which grounded the Allies’ air forces. The Germans nearly broke through (“the Bulge”) the Allied lines. Nearly 19,000 Allied troops were killed and 62,000 wounded and 26,000 missing or captured. The Germans suffered nearly 85,000 casualties before they were pushed back. It was the largest and bloodiest battle fought in World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=8154.0,8168.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe 3rd Battalion was part of the 395th Infantry Regiment, part of the 99th Infantry Division, in World War II. Organized in November 1942, it was commanded by Lt. Col. McClernand Butler (1910-2001). The regiment was outside of Hofen, Germany during the Battle of the Bulge. It was one of the few units that did not yield any ground to the Germans, who at times outnumbered and surrounded them. This earned them the nickname ‘Butler’s Battling Blue Bastards.’\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=8173.0,8193.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Combat Infantry Badge is awarded to infantrymen and Special Forces soldiers in the rank of colonel and below who fought in active combat.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=8195.0,8269.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHeimer is a small town in eastern Germany.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12123.0,12402.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn early April 1945, the American army advanced toward the Ruhr, a major industrial region along the Ruhr River in Western Germany, encircling German forces there. Over the next two weeks, they tightened their grip around the pocket, splitting it in two. By April 16, both had surrendered and more than 300,000 Germans became prisoners of war.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12123.0,12402.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHirschaid is a town in central Germany about 7 miles (12 kilometers) south of Bamberg.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12415.0,12657.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMuhlhausen [German: Mühlhausen] is a town in central Germany. In the summer and fall of 1944, two short-lived slaved labor camps were established near the town as part of the Natzweiler camp system. The camps were completely evacuated in March and April 1945. It is possible George meant the Muhldorf  [German: Mühldorf; also spelled Muehldorf] complex of camps. Muhldorf was a hastily constructed satellite of the Dachau concentration camp built in July 1944 outside the town of Mühldorf am Inn in upper Bavaria. Although it was evacuated in April 1945, sick inmates had been left behind and were liberated by the 99th Division on April 30, 1945.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12738.0,12740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe SS Zebulon Vance was a Liberty ship launched in 1941. It was decommissioned in January 1946 and became the USAT Zebulon B. Vance, carrying military dependents between the US and Europe until it was eventually scrapped.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12854.0,12948.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMany of the millions of American soldiers (colloquially called ‘G.I.s’) who served in World War II married or engaged partners overseas, but restrictive immigration laws made it difficult for them to bring their spouses and fiancés home. In 1945 and 1946, two War Brides Acts allowed non-quota immigration to them and a flood of women and their dependents joined Holocaust survivors and other immigrants on their journey to the United States. Statistics vary, but around 300,000 women and dependents made their way to the United States before the expiration of the “War Brides” and similar acts in December 1948. The majority of these women came from Europe and the United Kingdom, although tens of thousands came from China, Australia and New Zealand as well.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=12854.0,12948.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCongregation Or VeShalom was established in Atlanta, Georgia by refugees of the Ottoman Empire, namely from Turkey and the Isle of Rhodes. The Sephardic congregation began in 1920 and was based at Central and Woodward Avenues until 1948 when it moved to a larger building on North Highland Road. Or VeShalom’s current synagogue is located on North Druid Hills Road.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13276.0,13337.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFrom 1945 to 2018, the German government paid approximately $86.8 billion in restitution and compensation to Holocaust victims and their heirs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13450.0,13454.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe G.I. Bill (Servicemen's Readjustment Act), was signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1944. It provided veterans of World War II funds for college education, unemployment insurance, and housing. The original G.I. Bill expired in 1956. The bill was racially discriminatory, as it was intended to accommodate Jim Crow laws. Due to its discriminatory nature, it failed to help African American veterans of World War II in the same way it benefited white veterans.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13467.0,13520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSouthern Pipe and Supply Company was founded in Mississippi by Russian immigrant Louis Davidson (b. 1881) in 1918 as the St. Louis Junk Company. In 1938, the company was renamed and shifted its focus to plumbing supplies. Today (2024), the company has over 100 locations in the southeast and is still operated by the Davidson family.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13650.0,13845.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eStein Steel and Supply Company is a construction company in Atlanta, Georgia that was founded in 1946. It manufactures structural metal and steel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13650.0,13845.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMortimer William (Bill) Breman (1908-2000), owner of the Breman Steel Company, was a longtime resident and community leader of Atlanta, Georgia. Bill received numerous humanitarian and human relations awards for the extensive community service work that he did, including the Distinguished Service Award of the Gate City Lodge of B'nai B'rith (1965); the American Jewish Committee Human Relations Award (1981) and the Abe Goldstein Humanitarian Award of the Anti-Defamation League (1984). He served as president of the Temple and the Jewish Home, now called the William Breman Jewish Home. Bill also founded the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13857.0,13859.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGerald Hershel Cohen (1918-2009) and Bernard Wesley Cohen (1915-1997) were Atlanta businessmen originally from Maryland. They operated Central Metals Co., a scrap metal business, which was started by their father, Morris Cohen and uncle, Joe Rodbell, in 1912.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13863.0,13865.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMax London (1904-1990) and his wife, Mary, founded the London Iron and Metal Co., a scrap iron and metal company, in Atlanta, Georgia in 1936. Along with their nephew, Sidney Feldman, they built their business into one of the foremost metal recycling businesses in the Southeast.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13899.0,13899.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335/annotation_set/1498/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSidney Feldman (1921-2005) was a leader of many organizations, both nationally and in Atlanta. Among his many honors were the B’nai B’rith Man of the Year, the Anti-Defamation League Abe Goldstein Human Relation's Award, Prime Minister's Medallion on the 25th anniversary of Israel, the National Council of Christians and Jews “Good Neighbor Award,” and the American Jewish Committee Award for Advancing Understanding Among All People. He was National Vice-President of United Jewish Appeal, President Emeritus of the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta and past president of several organizations including the William Breman Jewish Home, and the Marcus Jewish Community Center.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135623/file/250335#t=13903.0,13905.0"}]}]}]}