{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/tq5r787t6v/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Metzel, Jackie"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2011-08-29 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Metzel, Jackie (Interviewee)","Berman, Sandra (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eJackie Metzel was interviewed by Sandra Berman on August 29, 2011 in Atlanta, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eEdith Jacqueline Goldberg Metzel was born in Birmingham, Alabama, to Hyman Metzel and Rebecca Mendelsohn Goldberg Metzel in 1930. She graduated from Ramsay High School in Birmingham and Georgia State University in Atlanta. Her family were founding members of Temple Beth-El in Birmingham, an Orthodox congregation. In Atlanta, she and her husband were founding members of Temple Sinai, a Reform congregation. She served as a Sunday school teacher at the Temple in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eJackie married Gary Metzel in Birmingham in 1951. They moved to Atlanta and have two children, Janice and Alan, and one grandson. \u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eJackie talks about her childhood in Birmingham, Alabama. She tells that her family was very close and observed all holidays with her grandparents. She reflects on her grandparents’ influence of religious observances, practices that she continues today. She remembers sitting beside her grandfather in synagogue and tells how he conducted seder. She talks the women in her family preparing food for the holidays and recalls making harissa with her grandmother. She remembers Rabbi Abraham Mesch at Temple Beth-El in Birmingham and describes having great respect for him. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eJackie talks about her grade school years and having non-Jewish friends. She reflects on the high level of education she received at Ramsay High School. She talks about dating in Birmingham and attending dances at various Jewish clubs. She talks about meeting her husband, Gary Metzel, and how he proposed to her. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eJackie tells that she loves being Southern and reflects on growing up Jewish in the South. She reflects on the Civil Rights era in Birmingham and the travesty of the history. She remembers segregation in Birmingham. She describes her family as middle class and having a maid in the house. Jackie remembers Pizitz department store in downtown Birmingham and reflects that she knew the families who owned Birmingham department stores. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eShe talks about marrying Gary in Birmingham in 1951 and their move to Atlanta. She talks about attending Georgia State University. She remembers Rabbi Richard Lehrman at Temple Sinai and Rabbi Jacob Rothschild at the Temple. She remembers the Temple bombing and it being close to the classroom where she taught. She talks about their two children and one grandson.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eJackie Metzel was interviewed by Sandra Berman on August 29, 2011 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEdith Jacqueline Goldberg Metzel was born in Birmingham, Alabama, to Hyman Metzel and Rebecca Mendelsohn Goldberg Metzel in 1930. She graduated from Ramsay High School in Birmingham and Georgia State University in Atlanta. Her family were founding members of Temple Beth-El in Birmingham, an Orthodox congregation. In Atlanta, she and her husband were founding members of Temple Sinai, a Reform congregation. She served as a Sunday school teacher at the Temple in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eJackie married Gary Metzel in Birmingham in 1951. They moved to Atlanta and have two children, Janice and Alan, and one grandson.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJackie talks about her childhood in Birmingham, Alabama. She tells that her family was very close and observed all holidays with her grandparents. She reflects on her grandparents\u0026rsquo; influence of religious observances, practices that she continues today. She remembers sitting beside her grandfather in synagogue and tells how he conducted seder. She talks the women in her family preparing food for the holidays and recalls making harissa with her grandmother. She remembers Rabbi Abraham Mesch at Temple Beth-El in Birmingham and describes having great respect for him.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eJackie talks about her grade school years and having non-Jewish friends. She reflects on the high level of education she received at Ramsay High School. She talks about dating in Birmingham and attending dances at various Jewish clubs. She talks about meeting her husband, Gary Metzel, and how he proposed to her.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eJackie tells that she loves being Southern and reflects on growing up Jewish in the South. She reflects on the Civil Rights era in Birmingham and the travesty of the history. She remembers segregation in Birmingham. She describes her family as middle class and having a maid in the house. Jackie remembers Pizitz department store in downtown Birmingham and reflects that she knew the families who owned Birmingham department stores.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eShe talks about marrying Gary in Birmingham in 1951 and their move to Atlanta. She talks about attending Georgia State University. She remembers Rabbi Richard Lehrman at Temple Sinai and Rabbi Jacob Rothschild at the Temple. She remembers the Temple bombing and it being close to the classroom where she taught. She talks about their two children and one grandson.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/288/301/small/Metzel_Jackie.mp4_1755702189.jpg?1755702189","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Metzel_Jackie.mp4"]},"duration":3974.5706,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/288/301/small/Metzel_Jackie.mp4_1755702189.jpg?1755702189","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/288/301/original/Metzel_Jackie.mp4?1755702186","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":3974.5706,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Metzel, Jackie [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Today is August 29, 2011. My name is Sandy Berman. I'm the archivist with the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum. I'd like to thank Jackie Metzel for agreeing to participate in the Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Project of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum. Welcome today, Jackie. I'm excited to be talking to you both about your life in Birmingham [Alabama] and as well as your life here in Atlanta. I'd like to start with Birmingham, however, and have you tell us your maiden name, where you were born, and your parent’s names. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=0.0,47.43494"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e My name is Jackie Metzel. Actually, my first name is Edith. Edith Jacqueline Goldberg Menzel. I was born in Birmingham. Do you want the day? July 5th at 1 o’clock in the morning, 1930. I almost made it to the 4th of July. What was your other question? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=47.43494,71.78746"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Your parent’s names. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=71.78746,73.78671"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e My mother's name is Rebecca Sarah Mendelsohn Goldberg. My father's name is Hyman Goldberg. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=73.78671,81.27345"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e How did they arrive in Birmingham or when did they arrive in Birmingham? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=81.27345,88.26194"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e My mother was born in Birmingham. Do you want the date?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=88.26194,93.75497"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=93.75497,94.25497"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e January 26, 1904. My father was born in Savannah, Georgia, on June 12, 1900. How did they meet? I don't know. I never asked them. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=94.25497,107.21374"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you know how the families came south? Where they came from and why south? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=107.21374,115.19847"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e No, I don't. And I have no one to ask. That's why this is so important to me. \n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=115.19847,124.67666"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e No one talked about when the grandparents arrived in Birmingham? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=124.67666,130.16963"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e Not much, no. I think my mother's family was originally from Vilna [Lithuania]. My father's family was originally from someplace in Galicia. So, I have Russian heritage. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=130.16963,144.12124"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Maybe they had relatives that beckoned them to the south? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=144.12124,149.61417"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e Maybe. But I don't know. I'm sorry. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=149.61417,153.61057"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e That's okay. What line of work was your grandfather in in Birmingham? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=153.61057,160.10053"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e Originally, he was a peddler. I was actually born in my grandparent’s home.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=160.10053,166.59047"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What were their names? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=166.59047,169.08918"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e My grandfather was Max Mendelsohn. My grandmother was Lena Randman Mendelsohn. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=169.08918,175.08064"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e On your mother's side? I mean, on your father's side. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=175.08064,180.57352"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e My father's side. My grandfather was David Macy Goldberg and my grandmother was Sarah Goldberg. I don't know her maiden name. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=180.57352,191.54357"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e After he peddled, what did he do? Did he open up a store?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=191.54357,198.03343"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. Grandpa opened up a pawn shop. Where was it? On Fourth Avenue South. I forgot, but I remember going there many times. I was going to tell you, I was born in my grandparent’s home because this was during the time of the [Great] Depression, and we lived with my grandparents. My mother and father did. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=198.03343,226.81817"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What did your father do? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=226.81817,229.8162"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e At the time he and mama married I think he sold insurance. In fact, you know how I collect everything. I still have the original insurance policy he took it out on me. It really is a collector's item. I have to show it to you. It's a huge document. It was what they call penny stocks or something. Penny something. It's a life insurance policy which I am still paying for. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=229.8162,265.97119"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e That’s great.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=265.97119,266.97105"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e But he was in insurance. Then later he bought . . . he worked for my aunt, and he bought the company that he worked for. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=266.97105,280.42453"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What was that? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=280.42453,282.42373"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e Oneida Glass Company. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=282.42373,284.42293"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What did they make? Drinking glasses?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=284.42293,287.42093"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e No, this was commercial and storefronts. If you broke your windshield, they replaced the windshield. And they made mirrors. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=287.42093,297.39561"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e And the pawn shop. What happened to that? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=297.39561,301.8908"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e It stayed in the family after my grandfather passed away. My oldest uncle continued the business. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=301.8908,310.37261"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Is it still there now? What was the name of it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=310.37261,316.36376"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't remember.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=316.36376,317.86336"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Let's now get a little bit to your own background. You were born in 1930, heart of the Depression. How long did you live with your grandparents? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=317.86336,331.81257"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e I know we were living there when my brother David was born. He's about two years and ten months younger than I am. I remember sitting on my grandmother's and granddaddy steps inside the house and somebody telling me, “Jackie, you have a little brother.” We must have lived there for three years. Then we moved to an apartment within a block of my grandparents. We never lived very far from them. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=331.81257,367.95815"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What synagogue affiliation did you have? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=367.95815,371.45529"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e We belonged to Temple Beth-El, which at the time I was born, it was Orthodox and it had separate seating. I remember going to services with my grandfather because I could sit up front with him. My grandfather . . . my family were original founders of Temple Beth-El. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=371.45529,396.28828"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e That's great. Was the rabbi Rabbi [Dr. Abraham J.] Mesch? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=396.28828,401.78074"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. In fact, Rabbi Mesch married me. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=401.78074,405.77689"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What can you tell me about him? Your memories. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=405.77689,410.77069"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e To me, he was what would you call a religious figure. He taught us in confirmation. Except for that, we didn't have too much. We didn't mix and mingle too much. He was always on the bimah, and I was down here and very small. I feel a lot of warmth and respect. I loved him. I loved him very much. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=410.77069,441.51012"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Did your family also feel the same way because I've heard that he was sort of austere. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=441.51012,450.48885"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e He was, like I say up there, I'm down here. So maybe there was that aloofness. But no, I didn't find him austere. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=450.48885,462.4504"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e You grew up in Beth-El. Did you attend Sunday school there? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=462.4504,468.44117"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=468.44117,469.44103"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Can you describe a particular just a normal Sunday school day? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=469.44103,475.46103"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e Not really. I don't remember. I remember some of my teachers. I don't remember a great deal of what went on. But I remember after confirmation, I was invited to be an aide in the kindergarten room. I think I'm the only one in my class that was invited out. I really was close to my religion. I still am now. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=475.46103,506.06268"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Your family, you mentioned you were close to your religion. How is your religion celebrated in the home? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=506.06268,515.28165"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e I have to tell you a story about that. My parents, my father was a Kohen, and he considered himself of the priestly family, but we weren't that observant. I was influenced by my grandparents, who were. When I started the first grade, I remember I walked to school every morning with friends. You talk about climbing the hill. I went up every morning and came down. It was at least a 65-degree angle. It was steep. Anyway, I go to school and my grandfather appeared in the classroom. I couldn't understand. He took me out of class. What my parents, what my mother had done is allow me to go to school on sukkot. My grandfather walked all the way to pick me up. We walked to the synagogue and then we walked back home from the synagogue. For that reason, I have always observed sukkot for eight days, all my life. It really made an impression on me. I'll tell you, when you go to college and you miss four days, in those days, they really reduced our grades. It was a sacrifice but made a big impression. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=515.28165,607.95653"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e It's a wonderful memory.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=607.95653,609.95565"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e Of my grandfather, yes. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=609.95565,612.45419"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e How did your mother react? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=612.45419,615.452"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e I never heard the fallout. They were very discreet. I don't know. But I never had a problem again. I always observed sukkot. I mean, Rosh HaShanah, Yom Kippur, yes. Everybody knew that. I was innocent. I didn't know. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=615.452,635.33798"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e How about the holidays? Can you describe or can you recall what a seder was like in your home?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=635.33798,644.81284"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. We all celebrated with my grandparents and we always lived very close by. Once we moved from living together. I was a block away. Then we moved back when my aunt got married again. We moved into her house because she moved to Philadelphia [Pennsylvania]. Then I was three houses away from my grandparents. We always observed Pesach together, the whole family. My family was very close knit. All the sisters and brothers were close. I remember how my grandfather hid the afikoman. We thought we were really smart because we could always find it. What we did is we tricked him. In the old days, there was a code you could dial on your telephone and it made the telephone ring. So Grandpa always got a telephone call when he had the . . . during services, which he went to answer, which was certainly not something he would normally do. We always rescued the afikoman. That's the sort of thing I remember. The other important thing about Pesach to me was the sisters, my aunts, and my mother would assist and make all the food. My responsibility was harissa. My grandmother had a mortar and pestle. That's what I chopped the nuts with. I don't know who grated the apples. I don't remember doing that. I just remember the nuts and that was my job every year. After my . . . somewhere along the line when grandma was getting very old, and I was very close to her, she said that she wanted me to have her diamond earrings. I said, “But, Bubbe, I want the mortar and pestle” She said, “You can have that.” After she passed away, I didn't get either one. For that reason, I have never purchased a mortar and pestle. I love them. I look at them, I see them in gift shops, but I didn't get the one. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=644.81284,796.83518"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What happened to it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=796.83518,798.83425"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e Somebody in the family must have gotten it. I think I know. I'm not going to say. I remember participating. Of all the grandchildren, I was the only one that did that. My mother was a marvelous baker. I can remember she made all the sponge cakes. She really did cook well. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=798.83425,825.12094"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you keep kosher? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=825.12094,827.61938"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e No. My mother did not keep kosher. When I got married, that was the one thing I wanted and my husband didn't, so we didn't. Until years later, he decided we really should keep kosher. So, yes, now I can keep kosher. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=827.61938,848.97835"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I've heard stories about the kosher butcher in Birmingham that he was ridden out of town on a rail because it wasn't really kosher meat that he was selling. I was wondering if you had any experience with him? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=848.97835,868.85571"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e No. My grandmother ordered her meat, but I don't remember anything. No. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=868.85571,875.34337"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Who did you play with? Was it mostly children from . . . first of all, where did you go to school? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=875.34337,886.80326"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e I went to a wonderful grammar school. Glen Iris. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=886.80326,891.7961"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What area of town of Birmingham was that in? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=891.7961,896.78893"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e I lived Southside. I was born at 1508 15th Avenue. When we moved, we moved 1429 14th Avenue, then we moved back to 1528 15th Avenue. That's where I lived in Birmingham my whole life. I didn't move very far. Glen Iris was about four or five blocks up and down hills. It is the Southside. I don't know if you'd call that . . . it wasn't a Jewish neighborhood, but where I lived in the apartments, most of the people that I lived near were Jewish. These are the kids I played with. Fortunately, I had a younger brother and so we played together a lot too. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=896.78893,950.83202"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you have non-Jewish friends as well? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=950.83202,954.82748"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e Not until I went to grammar school. Then I had non-Jewish friends. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=954.82748,961.31479"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e How was that? Was there any kind of issue between the Jews and the Christian community in Birmingham that you recall? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=961.31479,972.27713"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e No, I can't recall any anything. I remember a lot of things about the differences between the whites and the blacks, but not between Jews and Christians. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=972.27713,986.21528"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What about when you stayed home for all the holidays? Was it an issue for the school? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=986.21528,995.19013"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't remember that. I got points taken off from my grades. That would be the only thing. There were other Jewish children in my grade. I was the only girl, so I didn't play with the boys. In fact, when I tried to go to Hebrew school, my experience was terrible because the boys were so rough in the whatever that little van that bus drove. It scared me. I was very, very shy. After about five days, I tell my parents I'm scared. You know, boys don't bother me. In fact, I grew up in a family that was predominantly male. I had two girl cousins and all the rest are boys. I have two brothers. I'm very comfortable with boys, but I'm not. I was scared of those kids. So, they pulled me out of Hebrew school and I didn't go to Hebrew school. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=995.19013,1067.39686"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I want to now talk a little bit about you mentioned the relationship between the Jewish community and the black community. Talk a little bit about that. Did you have help in the house? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1067.39686,1084.79634"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e The help, which is so in right now. Yes. We had a maid. Her name was Molly and she worked five days a week. You have to remember . . .  ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1084.79634,1101.2066"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What was her last name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1101.2066,1103.70489"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e I never knew. Isn’t that terrible? Yes, but I loved Molly. We all did. She would come in the morning. She did not raise me. My mother and father raised me and my grandparents, but she cooked and cleaned. If we went to the playground to play, she went with us. I don't remember my mother going to the playground with us, which was about a half a block away from where we lived. She washed the clothes. I have one memory I’d like to share. I don't know how old I was. I think, I know we were still living with my grandparents, so I had to be under three years old. I remembered her wash lady washing clothes in a big . . . What do you call it that term? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1103.70489,1169.18112"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Tub?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1169.18112,1169.68112"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. With the fire underneath the flame. I can remember that, her stirring it. I have that tub. It was in disrepair. Somehow when it turned up, I was so thrilled. I got it. I brought it home. It's huge. I had to have it repaired. Torching, with the torch. I still have that. It's in my garage right now. One time my grandson saw it. He said, “Oh, Bubbe, I want that.” I said, “It's yours.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1169.68112,1207.66905"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e That's great. Molly, she worked for your family for a long time?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1207.66905,1213.65734"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. As far as I know, she worked for us throughout the time I went to grammar school. I don't remember who worked for us when I was in high school. I didn't hang around. We did have help. Unlike the book, The Help, I think the times, even though they're similar. I'm a little bit older than the author of The Help. I think she told the story of the maid situation probably from the point of view of an upper middle class or wealthy class. We weren't that. We were middle class. In my high school years, we did have help. I do remember that I ironed my own evening gowns. I remember I was very particular about how they were pressed, so I ironed them myself. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1213.65734,1277.16667"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Did Molly have the use of the house in general, or did she have separate plates and separate bathroom facilities?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1277.16667,1287.1321"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e I don’t remember that? We lived in a four-bedroom apartment, so she had nothing separate. I don't remember details. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1287.1321,1297.09739"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you remember how you felt, as a child and a young woman, about the segregation between the races, the separate drinking fountains, the separate bathroom facilities? Do you have any recollection whether you ever thought about it? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1297.09739,1316.46155"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, deeply. I did. I was furious. I was very sensitive. I'll tell you why I remembered. This is in elementary school. I remember watching the young black children who lived in my neighborhood who lived in an enclave up a hill not far from where I lived, maybe a block away. They would pass my house early in the morning because they walked to school. Their elementary school was at least 12 blocks away. I didn't understand that. But all the other things, yes, I did accept. I accepted the fact that the blacks sat in the back of the bus. That was our way of life. The segregated fountains, bathrooms. They couldn't go into the movies with us either. But I didn't question that. The only thing I question was these little kids walking so far to go to school. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1316.46155,1386.08692"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you ever discuss it with your parents? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1386.08692,1390.5801"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e No. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1390.5801,1391.57991"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Or your friends? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1391.57991,1393.57877"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e I never discussed it with anybody. That would have been an interesting thing to do. I missed it. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1393.57877,1403.04626"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e As you got older, what was high school like? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1403.04626,1408.03768"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e Great. I went to the best high school. I went to Ramsay High School, which I didn't realize until I went back for my 30th or 40th or 50. I don't remember. We had two . . . what do you call them when you go back?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1408.03768,1431.33111"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Reunions? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1431.33111,1432.33091"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you. I knew that we had outstanding teachers. They were so good and they were very accessible. I think that everybody who went to Ramsay and had any of our English teachers . . . loved Shakespeare. Everybody I know we just kvell over Shakespeare. What did we know about Shakespeare? You know. But we loved it. I am big pentameter. We had to memorize all of the soliloquies. When I got to the University of Georgia, and we were taking Julius Caesar, I was dumbfounded. I mean, I thought in college I was going to get into some of the Henrys or the ones that we didn't take in high school. That's why I dropped out of college. I didn't think that was as challenging as high school. I found out later that Ramsay was an experimental school. What they did, this Mr. Ramsay who was a philanthropist and an amazing thinker, evidently decided to do an experiment. He must have put up the money and hired the premier teachers in the city. That's all I can think of. We had probably teachers who should have been teaching at the college level, but they were our English and math. I just loved everything. It was hard. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1432.33091,1532.63882"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you date a lot in high school? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1532.63882,1537.13159"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e Did I date a lot? I think we sort of hung out in groups. Yes. In fact, I brought some articles when we'd have a party and like a young Judean Club event. The articles were in the paper and it said who attended and who the boys and the girls were paired up with. I've got those articles. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1537.13159,1566.77531"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e You were active in Young Judea?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1566.77531,1569.77225"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e That was my love. Yes. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1569.77225,1572.76919"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Any other organizations? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1572.76919,1574.76797"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e I was involved in B’nai Brith, but my first loyalty was Young Judea. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1574.76797,1581.74936"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you associate any at all with the Temple crowd? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1581.74936,1587.23809"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. I had a very close girlfriend who went to the Temple. I think . . . because of high school we met. We didn't meet through religious school, but we met in high school. We sort of switched around visiting. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1587.23809,1608.06118"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you go to Jubilee? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1608.06118,1611.05807"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, baby, yes. Jubilee, Ballyhoo, Falcons. Yes. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1611.05807,1615.05226"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e You went to all of them? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1615.05226,1618.5479"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e All of them. I understand there was a fourth one at Columbus [Georgia], but I never went to that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1618.5479,1628.01231"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Holly Days. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1628.01231,1629.51168"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e I didn't attend that. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1629.51168,1632.00959"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What were they like? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1632.00959,1634.5075"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e Fun. Here's dating. We would go to . . . we would have a date. Then we'd have a late date and then we'd have a light, light day. I think that's about as far as I went. I don't know. We were up all night. The first part of the evening was a big band, dancing. I think we used to have a dance card, which we wore on our wrist. I swear, I don't know. Then you would come home and change out of your evening wear and put on something more comfortable. Your late date was maybe to go somewhere and get something to eat. The neatest thing is, my parents always knew the boys. I don't think they ever stayed up. They never worried. I mean, it was very friendly. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1634.5075,1700.11286"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you ever date anyone who wasn't Jewish? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1700.11286,1704.6051"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm not sure I had in my whole life. I don't think so. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1704.6051,1711.58545"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e How would that have gone over with the parents? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1711.58545,1716.5757"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't know. I don't know because they were not strict with me. My parents never, ever told me what to do. I've always been very autonomous. I guess I can't say this was a date. I remember when I was in college. After I dropped out of the University of Georgia. I must say that I did eventually go back and get my Bachelor of Arts degree. I did graduate college but not from the University of Georgia. When I was going to UAB [University of Alabama] in Birmingham, I remember there was the marine band in town. I don't know how they came to the university there, but several of the marines wanted to go out, and so I did go out. I guess if you call that a date, it was a date, but I don't remember the names. I called my parents to tell them what I was going to do. We probably just went to Joy Young's place, some place to meet. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1716.5757,1797.53011"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Growing up, being Jewish and in the South, did you ever feel like an outsider? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1797.53011,1805.50307"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e No, no. I was so comfortable in my milieu that, no. I was just who I am. I'm very identified as a Jew.  ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1805.50307,1817.93526"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e You left. You finished high school. You went off to University of Georgia. How long were you there? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1817.93526,1827.39639"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e I went one year. I didn't feel like I learned anything. I said, “Okay, I'll go back.” I went another year. No, a quarter. I decided to drop out of college. I was the first one in my family to go to college. Nobody said, “Jackie, don't do that.” I got a job at the at the telephone company, Southern Bell [Telephone and Telegraph Company]. I worked during the day and I went to night school for a short time. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1827.39639,1867.15666"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e When did you finish? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1867.15666,1869.65434"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e When did I graduate college? I graduated in 1969 at the age of 39. My husband and my children were there at my graduation. I went to Georgia State University. I must say, I know a lot of UGA people hate me for saying this, but Georgia State was so much better. It was a good school. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1869.65434,1898.26938"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e It still is. It's still a good school. I want to get back to, you went back to Birmingham. Picked up where you left off, I assume. How did you meet your husband? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1898.26938,1915.13698"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm so glad you asked that because I sort of skipped over. We were introduced by my cousin. Gary . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1915.13698,1926.57678"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What is his name? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1926.57678,1929.07439"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e Gary Metzel is the man I married. We were about 15 or 15 and a half years old when we met. He went to Boys’ High School here in Atlanta. At the time I met him, Boys’ High had the most outstanding band in the southeast. Gary played the flute. The band was invited by the AEA, which is American Education Association. No. Alabama Education Association to perform in Birmingham at their conference. Gary and two of his friends went to the Y [YMCA], which is like the AJCC here. They were hanging out and watching. They wanted to meet girls. That's why they went. They weren't going to watch basketball. They met my cousin there. I don't know what she was doing there on the school afternoon, but she was hanging out. She was taken, so she couldn't go out with them. They wanted to meet three local girls. She called me. I said, “No way, Betty. I am not going out on the school night. I've got a Latin test tomorrow. I'm flunking. I can't go out.”  She's a great saleslady. She convinced me and two other girls to go out with these three guys from Atlanta that we had never heard of. They ended up at my house, the three boys. They came back, taxi cab. I don't know how they managed all of this. Anyway, I did not have a date with Gary. He was one of the three. The three boys were David Bergman, Gary Metzel, and Herman Rothstein. They were all very good friends from Boys’ High. We went and we picked up the other two girls. We went to Joy Yong’s, which is the hot place to go in Birmingham. In those days, the restaurant had like a booth. It was like a little separate room. The six of us sat in there. I have never had so much fun in my life on a date. I laughed the whole night. It was because of Gary. He was he was very funny. He and Herman were like, Bud Abbott and Lou Costello. They carried on the whole night. I had a date with David, who was . . . he's sweet. He's quiet. The other two were funny. I laughed and laughed and laughed. Then they took us home. That's another story. I had a visiting cousin, Gerald Goldberg. Jerry didn't know whole lot about Birmingham, but he offered. I don’t know where he was living at the time. I think Savannah. Jerry said . . . the boys had spent so much money. They had cabs and cabs. He said, “I'll take you home.” He took them back to where the band was staying, which was at one of the local colleges. I didn't find out until two years later. He took them to the wrong place. Those boys were AWOL. Can you imagine Mr. Sikes [sp], who was the band director. He must have . . . I don't know how he contained himself. These kids were gone. We didn't have cell phones. We didn't have all those conveniences. They ended up going to the right dorm. How I met Gary was that night. If you fast forward until after we graduated, we were, I wasn't quite 18 when I graduated. That year, our Young Judean club . . . I was an officer in my club, and I wanted to go to the convention here in Atlanta to represent my club. Nobody else came with me. I went alone. When I landed in Atlanta . . . I remember Estelle Flax Strauss, now, was my hostess. She introduced me to her brother and all of his friends who were hanging out at their house. I walked into the room and there I said, “Hello, Gary.” He was the only person that I knew in the whole place. That's how it started. He was very impressed that I remembered his name. I guess today with my memory, it wouldn't have happened again. He wasn't a member of Young Judea. He went to that conference. He didn't know how to dance any of the Israeli dances. He learned that year. We probably had two or three dates. I don't remember. He was my date for the main conference when our young Judean club won the Southeast Region Best club. I was so proud. Anyway, that's how Gary and I met. I knew probably about the second or third date that he was the man I was going to marry. I just knew it. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1929.07439,2240.94493"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e That's great. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=2240.94493,2242.44405"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't know if he knew it. It took him a long time. But yes. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=2242.44405,2250.40886"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e That's wonderful. I want to talk a little bit about him. We were going to . . . you ended up getting married how many years later? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=2250.40886,2264.29749"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, dear. We dated for three and a half years. Yes. Gary proposed to me at Ballyhoo here in Atlanta at the Georgian Terrace Hotel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=2264.29749,2276.70833"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What year? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=2276.70833,2278.20744"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e We got married in 1951. He probably proposed in 1950. We were about 19 or 20 years old. We got married when we were 21. It was an interesting proposal. I just told somebody about it recently. We both dated other people. He was going to Emory [University]. I was going to the University of Georgia. Then I was living in Birmingham. But both of us dated a lot wherever we were. I dated boys from Emory, Tech [Georgia Institute of Technology], and University of Georgia. I just knew people from the south. One of my friends in Jacksonville [Florida] invited me for New Year's Eve. He invited me January the previous year. I told him I can't accept a date. I don't know what's going to be. He asked me periodically through the months. By Thanksgiving, I accepted. I'd said I'd love to. So, I had a date for New Year's Eve. I was here for Ballyhoo. It was right around Christmas. While we were dancing, in those days, we had big bands at those dances, too. Gary said something about, “Would you go out with me New Year's Eve?” I said, “Gary, I'm sorry. I already have a date.” He said, “Well, will you marry me?” I'm going to have to think about that. I was insulted. That was not a very gracious proposal. We stopped dancing and went out on the terrace. It was freezing cold, but I was very happy and probably warm inside and out. Then he proposed in a very romantic way. But we decided to wait because he hadn't asked for my hand in marriage, and I kept my date for New Year's Eve. We dated. We still were apart all that time until we did get married a year and a half later or about a year later. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=2278.20744,2417.63162"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e And you moved to Atlanta? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=2417.63162,2420.62667"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=2420.62667,2421.12667"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What did Gary do for a living? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=2421.12667,2425.11741"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e When he was in college, when he was going to Emory, he worked for his father part time at his father's store, which was a men’s shop. Max's Men’s Shop. After we got married, he was still in college. He had a year to go. He was a senior. He had to transfer to Georgia State because he couldn't work full time and make a living. He worked for his father when we were first married. I worked. I transferred from the telephone company in Birmingham and I worked here. AT\u0026T or it was it was BellSouth, Southern Bell in those days. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=2425.11741,2474.8757"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e But later, what did he do? What was his career later? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=2474.8757,2480.85305"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e He stayed with his father. His goal in life was just to have a whole series of men stores, probably everywhere. They got up to five at various times. There were two or three. That's what he did. He was a clerk. He worked. Even after he had his degree, he got a business degree. His first degree was in business. Gary always wanted to go back and get a master's degree. I said, “What are you going to do? You're still going to work for your daddy.” It's out of my character not to encourage someone to continue their education. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=2480.85305,2530.07807"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Where all the stores named Max’s? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=2530.07807,2533.57057"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e All of them were. One of them was something else because it was mainly a shoe store. It was in Little Five Points. I don't remember the name of it. His sister work there. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=2533.57057,2550.85761"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Are any of them still around? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=2550.85761,2554.35"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e No. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=2554.35,2555.34964"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I wanted to talk a little bit about Gary's background. We had talked. We've spoken about it a little bit before. His parents were from Germany? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=2555.34964,2568.7221"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e No. Vienna. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=2568.7221,2570.221"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Vienna, Austria. Can you tell me a little bit about their background and their names? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=2570.221,2578.17691"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e My mother and father-in-law met . . . my mother in law's name was Julia Feiner Metzel. My father-in-law was Max Metzel. They met. I don't know how old they were when they met, but my father-in-law was a dance teacher. He danced beautifully. My mother-in-law was his student. That's how they met. I don't think I ever saw people, maybe Brazilian dancers, tango better. They really did a beautiful tango. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=2578.17691,2613.23269"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What happened to them? How did they emigrate out of Vienna? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=2613.23269,2619.20765"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e Vienna. Gary said he remembers when [Adolf] Hitler invaded Austria. He saw them march into town. He remembered . . . this much I know from him he didn't talk very much about the Holocaust. I'm so sorry. I didn't know more. He remembered Kristallnacht. It seems that was the night that he and his father were arrested by the Gestapo. Somehow, my mother-in-law, who was always meek and sweet and very a gentle woman, talked the Gestapo out of taking Gary to Dachau, but she couldn't prevent my father-in-law from being arrested. He served in a concentration camp. I don't think he was there more than a few months. Through whatever means my mother-in-law had, she got him out of Dachau. As soon as she arranged that, the two of them made arrangements for Gary to leave on the . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=2619.20765,2687.28087"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e The Kindertransport. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=2687.28087,2688.77966"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e The Kindertransport to England. When Gary was eight years old, he was sent away to England. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=2688.77966,2696.60667"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e And the parents, when were they able to get out? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=2696.60667,2701.6712"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e I think my father-in-law left for . . . no. I'm not sure of the sequence. I have it written down somewhere. I'll have to check that out. I'm not sure who left first. Maybe my mother-in-law did. I doubt it. I think she managed to get my father-in-law at first. It was so dangerous. Daddy is very smart. He decided when they asked him what he did, instead of saying he had a clothing store, he said he was a cook. He knew people eat. He knew that if he said he was a cook, which he wasn't, that he would get a job. That was the pretext that got him out. He called where he ended up in England. Kitchen de camp. I don't know if you've ever heard of that. This is where the immigrants were kept until they could make arrangements to get away. My mother-in-law ended up as a domestic, working in an inn or a restaurant or maybe a hostel or a hotel. I don't know. It was not in a private home. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=2701.6712,2784.08499"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e She also got to England? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=2784.08499,2787.07838"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e Somehow, she got there too. All of them ended up in England. Except for Gary, my in-laws didn't know where anybody was going to be. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=2787.07838,2799.9347"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e You told a remarkable story about how they found Gary. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=2799.9347,2805.4101"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e Before they found Gary, my father-in-law was very entrepreneurial. He found somebody who had a bicycle. He used this bicycle to do whatever whenever he was free to leave the camp. Found his wife, Julia, and they reunited. They, together, at least had some contact. They knew where each other. With Gary, it was very, there was no way of knowing. HIAS, if they had realized it, must have made the arrangements to take the children out. But my father-in-law did it on his own. Daddy took this bicycle from somebody in the camp and just rode around the countryside in England as far as he could get on each occasion. He had to leave camp. On one occasion, he tells the story, he was driving the bicycle along the coastline of southern England. They came to a road. He was thinking, this this looked better, but this was around the coast. If you're looking for somebody, it's better to have somebody on both sides of the road. But he took the coastline. He was just driving up southern England. At that moment, when he was driving, a little boy . . . at this time, Gary was about maybe nine years old, was in his room in a Catholic school. Gary went to the window, just to sit in the windowsill and look out at the ocean. He saw a man bicycling by. He recognized him. It’s his dad, and he called out to his father. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=2805.4101,2915.64471"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e It's an amazing story, really. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=2915.64471,2918.63712"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e It is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=2918.63712,2919.81451"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e How did the family get to the United States? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=2919.81451,2925.11273"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e They must have, in those days. I think what you had to do is have a sponsor. How they found their sponsor, we always called him Uncle Charlie, but he wasn't an uncle. He was just a very kind man who helped finance refugees. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=2925.11273,2947.10712"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Where was he? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=2947.10712,2949.10398"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e He lived in New York City, so they came to New York. Once they landed at Ellis Island, Uncle Charlie made arrangements. He got him a job. He got my father-in-law a job at Gate City Table Company. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=2949.10398,2968.21582"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Here in Atlanta?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=2968.21582,2969.71422"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. That's what brought them to Atlanta. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=2969.71422,2973.69923"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e That's great. Gary grew up in Atlanta? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=2973.69923,2977.68418"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=2977.68418,2978.18418"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e And you married? What was your synagogue affiliation here? Did you join a synagogue when you first came? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=2978.18418,2987.5919"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e Not at first. Well, yes, we did immediately. That was that was probably a conflict. When we married, it was like I married outside of my faith. My family loved Gary, and Rabbi Mesch officiated. We married in Birmingham. But when we came to Atlanta, I wanted to join Beth Jacob, and he grew up at the Temple. We had to decide. We did visit a number of synagogues. For a while, we attended services whenever we could, four or five synagogues. We ended up at the Temple because Gary said something very meaningful. He said, “If we lived in Birmingham, I would have joined Temple Beth-El.” So, we joined the Temple. The problem with the Temple was I didn't like the organ. Even though the organ was beautiful and the music was beautiful, it was out of character for my background. One of the things we did, I had a problem with the direction the Reform movement was following at that time. We had an appointment with Rabbi [Jacob] Rothschild. He made me feel like everything was going to be okay. I could find my niche. This is where we raised our children. Gary, when we got married, one of the things he agreed to was that I could choose how our children were raised at our home, except for keeping kosher, would be up to me. I could choose where the children were educated. We got that straight before we got married. I decided the children would go to the Hebrew Academy, even though I was teaching religious school at the Temple. I wanted them to have as much Judaic background as the community offered. I thought the best way for that to happen would be a day school. My children went to the Hebrew Academy. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=2987.5919,3112.80019"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e That's interesting. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3112.80019,3114.29823"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e There were a few Reform members who did that. Not a lot. A handful. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3114.29823,3121.72974"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Why did he break off from the Temple? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3121.72974,3126.20602"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e We never broke off from the Temple. We kept our membership there forever. I finally dropped the membership because it was just too expensive. When the children went to the Hebrew Academy, we did join Beth Jacob synagogue. We had two memberships. When we were founding members of Temple Sinai, we had three memberships, and we could not support all that. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3126.20602,3155.95288"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I guess that's what I'm asking. Why did you become founding members of Temple Sinai? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3155.95288,3163.86995"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e I think for Gary it was the answer to whatever was going on with us religiously. I can't say. I'll tell you today, I don't consider myself an Orthodox Jew. I consider myself a Reform Jew, but I still keep kosher. I'm more observant than some of the members may be, but that's me. I'm comfortable in the Reform movement. Gary, on the other hand, moved toward orthodoxy. The more we studied and the more teachers we had, he decided we should keep kosher. I think Yitz [Irving Yitzchak] Greenberg had an influence on Gary. It was after going to some of the sessions where we studied with him that Yitz challenged each person who attended to do more. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3163.86995,3218.88043"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Who was Yitz Greenberg?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3218.88043,3220.87585"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e He was. What was the name of his organization? He's an Orthodox Jew who was, I want to say he was like a capitalist. He reached out to all Judaism. Some orthodoxy sometimes can be judgmental, and he wasn't. This gave Gary comfort. It really put us in good stead. I think the Atlanta Jewish community has a wonderful, strong Jewish community because I think all the congregations have something. We work together in community. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3220.87585,3256.69528"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Temple Sinai was founded to be a little bit less Reform than the Temple? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3256.69528,3264.10999"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't I wouldn't say that. I think what we wanted to do was bring back some of the rituals. Gary never liked the Union Prayer Book. He called it his Sominex. He wanted more involvement. No organ. We did have a bar and bat mitzvah at Temple Sinai. The Temple did not observe that. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3264.10999,3290.84354"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Richard Lehrman, who was the first rabbi. What was he like? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3290.84354,3296.78664"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e He was a very spiritual man. The best way to describe him is that he was spiritual and learned. Quiet. Soft spoken. Gentle. Kindly. Sensitive. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3296.78664,3309.50354"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Were he and Gary good friends?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3309.50354,3312.49017"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, I think so. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3312.49017,3314.98121"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e He suffered a horrible disease at a very young age. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3314.98121,3320.43171"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e The thing, this is something that I have a problem with at Temple Sinai. We never really knew what was going on. I was on the board of trustees. I remember one time we received a piece of paper that we were allowed to read and pass to the next person. Sometimes when you're reading something, 40 more people are waiting for you to read it, you don't read it carefully enough. I don't know what it said. It said something about its health. I'm not sure what he had. I still don't know. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3320.43171,3363.87262"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Then the next rabbi was Phil Kranz. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3363.87262,3367.84479"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e No. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3367.84479,3368.84378"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e You had a rabbi in between? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3368.84378,3372.32272"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e Absolutely. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3372.32272,3373.32171"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I didn't know that. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3373.32171,3375.81159"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e Harvey Winokur. Harvey served for that maybe two years, a year or two. I don't think he gets a lot of credit. He was a colleague of Rabbi Lehrman. He now has his own congregation, [Temple] Kehillat Chaim. I think he held the congregation together because it was a period of real grief. We were a small congregation. Everybody kind of knew each other. You called yourself a kehillat. You were family. Losing a rabbi is painful. Somehow, Harvey held us together. Then there was that period where we were able to move on and hire a permanent rabbi. I think Harvey knew he was only going to be temporary. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3375.81159,3425.10101"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Why didn't you want to keep? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3425.10101,3428.57693"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't know. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3428.57693,3430.56993"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Part two. We're back. What was it that you were looking for in a rabbi when the congregation hired Phil Kranz. \n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3430.56993,3441.29944"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e I wasn't on that committee, so I can't answer that. I don't know. We wanted someone similar to Rabbi Lehrman, who was more spiritual. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3441.29944,3453.43887"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Rabbi Krantz was there for a very long time. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3453.43887,3458.3831"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. I think he was 40 years. He's still there. We’re lucky.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3458.3831,3464.30029"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Right. A lot is said about Rabbi Krantz’s tenure as head rabbi of Temple Sinai. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3464.30029,3472.14743"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, dear. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3472.14743,3473.64353"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, go on. I wanted to talk a little bit about your Southern heritage just as a Southern girl. Do you consider yourself a Southern girl? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3473.64353,3486.6859"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e Absolutely. Do you know what my email addresses? Jackie Belle. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3486.6859,3492.11157"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e How important is that to you? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3492.11157,3495.58277"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e I love being Southern. I don't know what it is about the South that no matter where I've traveled or where I've been, I can't put my finger on it. There's something very gentle about Southerners that I like. I wouldn't change my accent if you paid me. I call myself a hillbilly. I think we're close to our roots or the land. I think that's very much the way Israelis feel about . . . Israeli Jews feel in Israel. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3495.58277,3531.98304"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Going back a little bit, I wanted to ask you a couple more questions about Birmingham. Some of the department stores, big department stores, in Birmingham are owned by Jewish families. What were they like? Like Pizitz? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3531.98304,3549.88461"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e What were the stores like? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3549.88461,3552.85973"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3552.85973,3553.35973"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e I thought they were wonderful. I like to shop. I still do. Oh, my daddy worked at Pizitz early in their marriage. I forgot that. And Lovemen’s and Blachs. There was one other you probably know. I can't think of it. But what were they like? I didn't know the people, the families, that well. That's all we had. I liked it. I like to shop. I will say one thing. I have a cousin who married Jane Blachs of Blachs. It was Marvin Warner who married Jane. She was beautiful and Marvin was very handsome. I don't think the marriage lasted. I don't know. I can't answer your question. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3553.35973,3598.6336"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What year did you move from Birmingham to Atlanta? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3598.6336,3603.54101"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e I got married in December of 1951 and I moved here. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3603.54101,3609.40264"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e You were out of Birmingham during the Civil Rights era during the time when most of the marches occurred when rabbi's from the north came down to Birmingham. Do you have any recollection or any memories from that period of time?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3609.40264,3628.1392"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e Regarding the Civil Rights Movement? I lived here. I was living in Atlanta. I was teaching religious school at the Temple at the time of the bombing. I want you to know that where the terrorist planted the bomb on the first floor, which would have been Rabbi Rothschild’s study, my classroom was on the third floor directly above it. Of course, we weren't in school that day. I taught third grade at the Temple for eight years, no, for seven years. I remember when my children were in class, we did discuss the bombing in Birmingham. I could relate to it on two levels. That's my home town. How could such a tragedy happen? I have gone back to the civil rights museum [Birmingham Civil Rights Institute] at least four times in Birmingham. I've walked through the park. I have experienced those terrible days. I've internalized. I can't understand how it could happen, but it did. It's a travesty in our history. It tears me up. When I was going to Georgia State getting my degree, I had one quarter as a senior where I could do a self-study, an independent study. One of the things I did, I went to the library and I found out that they wanted to set up some way of cataloging the textbooks that the college library had. I spent three months gathering all that information. I knew every title of every book that Georgia State Library had on the subject matter. That that was one of my contributions. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3628.1392,3679.0543"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Was your family affected at all by the Civil Rights Movement in Birmingham? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3679.0543,3685.51263"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e No. Well, let's see. My father was in business. Excuse me. He never said that it factored in. He employed whites and blacks. I don't know.  ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3685.51263,3697.05808"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Now we get up to, for the purpose of the tape, how many children do you have? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3697.05808,3704.8438"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e I have two. I have a son and a daughter. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3704.8438,3709.83921"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Their names?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3709.83921,3710.82911"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e Alan Marshall Metzel and Janice Linda Metzel. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3710.82911,3714.54045"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Where do they live? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3714.54045,3716.92809"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e Janice and I both live in Smyrna, Georgia. I live very close to my daughter. My son lives in Dawsonville, Georgia. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3716.92809,3725.17809"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Very nice. Yes. Any grandchildren? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3725.17809,3727.93616"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e I have one grandson, Jason Maximilian Metzel. Currently, he's back. He graduated college, and he's back in town. So, he's here too. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3727.93616,3734.9183"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e That's lovely. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3734.9183,3736.32739"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. He's 25.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3736.32739,3737.73062"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I think on that note, we can conclude the interview. I'd like to thank you very much for participating. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3737.73062,3741.17889"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/transcript/83174/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMETZEL:\u003c/strong\u003e You're welcome. Thank you. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3741.17889,3743.17889"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/annotation_set/1984","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/annotation_set/1984/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The time of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries, it started in about 1929, when the American stock market crashed, and lasted until the late 1930s or early 1940s. It was the longest, most widespread, and deepest depression of the twentieth century. The Great Depression is often seen as the major turning point in 20th-century world history. In Europe, World War I had a long-term impact on the economy and financial stability. Postwar inflation spiraled into hyperinflation by the 1920s and European banks struggled to stay open. Exasperating the situation were skyrocketing unemployment rates. The Great Depression had immediately visible political and social ramifications in Europe, including increased antisemitism and nationalism.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=198.03343,226.81817"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/annotation_set/1984/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTemple Beth-El was founded in 1907 and was originally on the north side of Birmingham, Alabama, and was affiliated with Orthodox Judaism. Today it is affiliated with the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism. The current sanctuary was built in 1926 on Highland Avenue on the Southside. As of 2022, Rabbi Hillel Norry, based in Atlanta, serves as the synagogue's Interim Rabbi.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=371.45529,396.28828"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/annotation_set/1984/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the written Torah and the oral law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays, and more.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=371.45529,396.28828"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/annotation_set/1984/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA mechitza is a physical divider placed between the men’s and women’s sections in Orthodox synagogues and at religious celebrations. In some synagogues, a balcony (usually with a 3-foot wall) where women sit, serves the same function as a mechitza. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=371.45529,396.28828"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/annotation_set/1984/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Abraham J. Mesch was the rabbi at Temple Beth-El for over 27 years, from 1935 to his death in 1962.  He was an ardent supporter and public advocate of Zionism.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=396.28828,401.78074"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/annotation_set/1984/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eConfirmation is a coming-of-age ritual that originated in the Reform movement, which scorned the idea that at 13 years of age a child was an adult. They replaced bar and bat mitzvah with a confirmation ceremony at about age 16 to 18. In some Conservative synagogues the confirmation concept has been adopted as a way to continue and child’s Jewish education and involvement for a few more years.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=410.77069,441.51012"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/annotation_set/1984/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for “platform.” The bimah is a raised structure in the synagogue from which the Torah is read and from which prayers are led.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=410.77069,441.51012"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/annotation_set/1984/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew word for ‘priest.’ A kohen is traditionally believed to be of direct patrilineal descent from the Biblical Aaron.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=515.28165,607.95653"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/annotation_set/1984/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSukkot is one of the harvest festivals of Judaism. It is seven days long and comes after the ingathering of the yearly harvest. It celebrates God’s bounty in nature and God’s protection, symbolized by the fragile booths in which the Israelites dwelt in the wilderness. During Sukkot, Jews eat and live in such booths, which gives the festival its name and character.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=515.28165,607.95653"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/annotation_set/1984/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRosh HaShanah [Hebrew: head of the year] begins the cycle of High Holy Days. It introduces the Ten Days of Penitence, when Jews examine their souls and take stock of their actions. On the tenth day is Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement. The tradition is that on Rosh HaShanah, G-d sits in judgment on humanity. Then the fate of every living creature is inscribed in the Book of Life or the Book of Death. Prayer and repentance before the sealing of the books on Yom Kippur may revoke these decisions.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=615.452,635.33798"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/annotation_set/1984/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYom Kippur [Hebrew: “day of atonement”] The most sacred day of the Jewish year. Yom Kippur is a 25-hour fast day. Most of the day is spent in prayer, reciting yizkor for deceased relatives, confessing sins, requesting divine forgiveness, and listening to Torah readings and sermons. People greet each other with the wish that they may be sealed in the heavenly book for a good year ahead. The day ends with the blowing of the shofar (a ram’s horn).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=615.452,635.33798"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/annotation_set/1984/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSeder [Hebrew: order] is a Jewish ritual feast that marks the beginning of the Jewish holiday of Passover. It is conducted on the evening of the fifteenth day of Nisan in the Hebrew calendar throughout the world. Some communities hold seder on both the first two nights of Passover. The seder incorporates prayers, candle lighting, and traditional foods symbolizing the slavery of the Jews and the exodus from Egypt. It is one of the most colorful and joyous occasions in Jewish life.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=635.33798,644.81284"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/annotation_set/1984/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePesach [Hebrew: Passover] is the celebration of Israel’s liberation from Egyptian bondage. The holiday lasts for eight days. Unleavened bread, matzo, is eaten in memory of the unleavened bread prepared by the Israelites during their hasty flight from Egypt, when they had not time to wait for the dough to rise. On the first two nights of Passover, the seder, the central event of the holiday, is celebrated.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=644.81284,796.83518"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/annotation_set/1984/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAfikoman is a piece of matzah which is broken in two during the early stages of the Passover seder. One piece is set aside to be eaten at the conclusion of the meal. In some families, the head of the household hides it for the children to find, and rewards them with money or candy. In other families, the children steal the afikoman and ask for a reward for its return.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=644.81284,796.83518"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/annotation_set/1984/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBubbe is a Yiddish nickname for “Grandma.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=644.81284,796.83518"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/annotation_set/1984/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKashrut is a set of dietary laws dealing with the foods that Jews are permitted to eat and how those foods must be prepared according to Jewish law. Food that may be consumed is deemed kosher, from the Ashkenazi pronunciation of the Hebrew term kashér, meaning \"fit\" (in this context, \"fit for consumption\"). In colloquial English, kosher often means \"legitimate,\" \"acceptable,\" \"permissible,\" \"genuine,\" or \"authentic.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=825.12094,827.61938"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/annotation_set/1984/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWritten in 2009 by Kathryn Stockett, The Help explores the 1960s Jim Crow South - not from a legal or political perspective, but from what occurs in the home between black maids and the white women they work for. The New York Times bestselling novel is told from the perspectives of two black domestic workers and one white woman who decides to tell their story. The three discover how writing can tear down the racial barriers constructed by society. The Help was adapted into a major motion picture with the same title in 2011.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1213.65734,1277.16667"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/annotation_set/1984/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKvell is a Yiddish word that means to beam with joy.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1432.33091,1532.63882"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/annotation_set/1984/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eB'nai B'rith International (Hebrew: “Children of the Covenant”) is the oldest Jewish service organization in the world. B'nai B'rith states that it is committed to the security and continuity of the Jewish people and the State of Israel and combating antisemitism and bigotry. Its mission is to unite persons of the Jewish faith and to enhance Jewish identity through strengthening Jewish family life, to provide broad-based services for the benefit of senior citizens, and to facilitate advocacy and action on behalf of Jews throughout the world.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1574.76797,1581.74936"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/annotation_set/1984/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Temple, or “Hebrew Benevolent Congregation,” is Atlanta’s oldest Jewish congregation. The cornerstone was laid on the Temple on Garnett Street in 1875. The dedication was held in 1877 and the Temple was located there until 1902. The Temple’s next location on Pryor Street was dedicated in 1902. The Temple’s current location in Midtown on Peachtree Street was dedicated in 1931. The main sanctuary is on the National Register of Historic Places. The Reform congregation now totals approximately 1500 families. As of 2022, its Senior Rabbi is Peter S. Berg.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1581.74936,1587.23809"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/annotation_set/1984/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFrom 1931 to the late 1950s, courtship weekends in southern cities included Montgomery, Alabama’s “Falcon,” Birmingham, Alabama’s “Jubilee,” Columbus, Georgia’s “Holly Days,” and Atlanta, Georgia’s “Ballyhoo.” They were attended by college-age Jewish youth from across the South who participated in rounds of breakfast dates, lunch dates, tea dance dates, early evening dates, late night dates, formal dances, and cocktail parties, with the goal of meeting a “nice Jewish boy or girl” who might well become a spouse.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1611.05807,1615.05226"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/annotation_set/1984/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Jewish Community Center was officially founded in 1910, as the Jewish Educational Alliance. In the late 1940s it evolved into the Atlanta Jewish Community Center and moved to Peachtree Street. It stayed there until 1998, when the building was sold and the center moved to the suburb of Dunwoody. In 2000, it was renamed the “Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1929.07439,2240.94493"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/annotation_set/1984/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAbbott and Costello were an American comedy duo, Bud Abbott and Lou Costello. Their work in radio, film, and television made them the most popular comedy team of the 1940s and 1950s and the highest-paid entertainers in the world during the Second World War. Their comedy routine \"Who's on First?\" is considered one of the greatest comedy routines of all time.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1929.07439,2240.94493"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/annotation_set/1984/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYoung Judaea is a peer-led Zionist youth movement founded in 1909 for Jewish youth in grades 2–12. Its programs include youth clubs, conventions, summer camps and Israel programs that provide experiential programming through which Jewish youth and young adults build meaningful relationships with their peers, emphasize social action, and develop a lifelong commitment to Jewish life, the Jewish people, and Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=1929.07439,2240.94493"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/annotation_set/1984/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAdolf Hitler (1889-1945) was a German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and Führer (“leader”) of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator of Nazi Germany, he initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939 and was a central figure of the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=2619.20765,2687.28087"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/annotation_set/1984/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe systematic, government-sponsored attempt by the German Nazi government to annihilate the Jews of Europe between 1939 and 1945, which resulted in the deaths of 6,000,000 Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=2619.20765,2687.28087"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/annotation_set/1984/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn November 7, 1939, Herschel Grynszpan, a 17-year-old Polish Jew living in Paris, shot German diplomat, Ernst vom Rath in Paris. Grynszpan apparently acted out of despair over the fate of his parents, who are trapped along with other Polish Jewish deportees in a no-man’s-land between Germany and Poland. The Nazis used the shooting as antisemitic propaganda fervor, claiming that Grynszpan was part of a wider Jewish conspiracy. When Vom Rath died two days later, the Nazis used the incidence to fuel violent pogroms. On November 8 and 9, 1938, the Nazis started a state-sponsored nationwide pogrom. Across the country (and in Austria) Jewish synagogues, homes and businesses were looted and burned, Jews were attacked on the streets and 91 were killed. Thousands of Jewish men were sent to concentration camps for several weeks and released only when they agreed to leave the country as soon as possible. The Jews were made to pay for the damages to their premises. The pogrom was called “Kristallnacht,” which means “Night of Broken Glass,” because of all the damage done to Jewish shop windows. Thousands of German Jews and close to 6,000 Austrian Jews were arrested after Kristallnacht and deported to the Dachau or Buchenwald concentration camps in Germany. Most were released within a few weeks, but only if they promised to immigrate immediately, leaving their property behind.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=2619.20765,2687.28087"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/annotation_set/1984/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEstablished on March 22, 1933, Dachau was the first concentration camp established by the Nazi regime. It was located in southern Germany near the town of Dachau, about 10 miles northwest of Munich. Over 188,000 prisoners passed through Dachau between 1933 and 1945. Prisoners at Dachau were used as forced laborers and tens of thousands were literally worked to death. The Dachau concentration camp operated a vast network of 140 subcamps. Most of these subcamps were in southern Bavaria, in close proximity to armaments factories. American troops liberated the camp on April 29, 1945.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=2619.20765,2687.28087"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/annotation_set/1984/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEstablished on March 22, 1933, Dachau was the first concentration camp established by the Nazi regime. It was located in southern Germany near the town of Dachau, about 10 miles northwest of Munich. Over 188,000 prisoners passed through Dachau between 1933 and 1945. Prisoners at Dachau were used as forced laborers and tens of thousands were literally worked to death. The Dachau concentration camp operated a vast network of 140 subcamps. Most of these subcamps were in southern Bavaria, in close proximity to armaments factories. American troops liberated the camp on April 29, 1945.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=2619.20765,2687.28087"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/annotation_set/1984/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e“Kindertransport” is the name given to a series of rescue missions that assisted Jewish children in leaving Nazi-occupied Europe. The United Kingdom took in nearly 10,000 predominantly Jewish children from Nazi Germany and the occupied territories of Austria, and ex-Czechoslovakia. The children were placed in British foster homes, hostels, and on farms. Some transports were organized by Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants (OSE) in France where German-Jewish children were put up in a series of OSE children’s homes. Beginning in March 1939, several transports brought children from Vienna, Berlin, Frankfurt and other places in Germany to France. When the Germans occupied France, the 144 children, in two separate transports, were smuggled out of France into Portugal where they caught a ship to the United States. The first transport left on June 21, 1941 and the second on September 1, 1941. Altogether the OSE sheltered and assisted in getting nearly 1,600 Jewish children out Nazi-occupied areas. The Jüdische Wohlfahrtspflege (Jewish Social Services) of the Jewish community in Frankfurt was in charge of the organization of the transports in the southwest of Germany. In Frankfurt, the head of a Jewish orphanage, Isidor Marx, was active in organizing transports of children as well as Martha Wertheimer, a journalist and social worker who accompanied several transports.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=2687.28087,2688.77966"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/annotation_set/1984/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS) was founded in 1881. Its original purpose was the help the constant flow of Jewish immigrants from Russian in relocating. During and after World War II, they had offices throughout Europe, South and Central America and the Far East. They worked to get Jews out of Europe and to any country that would have them by providing tickets and information about visas. After World War II, they assisted 167,000 Jews to leave DP camps and emigrate elsewhere. Since that time, the organization continues to provide support for refugees of all nationalities, religions, and ethnic origins. The organization works with people whose lives and freedom are believed to be at risk due to war, persecution, or violence. HIAS has offices in the United States and across Latin America, Europe, Africa, and the Middle East. Since its inception, HIAS has helped resettle more than 4.5 million people.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=2805.4101,2915.64471"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/annotation_set/1984/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEllis Island is a federally owned island in New York Harbor, within New York and New Jersey, that was the busiest immigrant inspection and processing station in the United States. From 1892 to 1954, nearly 12 million immigrants arriving at the Port of New York and New Jersey were processed there under federal law. Today, it is part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument and is accessible to the public only by ferry. The north side of the island is the site of the main building, now a national museum of immigration. The south side of the island, including the Ellis Island Immigrant Hospital, is open to the public only through guided tours.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=2949.10398,2968.21582"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/annotation_set/1984/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBeth Jacob is an Orthodox synagogue on LaVista Road in Atlanta founded in 1942 by former members of Ahavath Achim who were looking for a more Orthodox congregation. Beth Jacob is now Atlanta’s largest Orthodox congregation. The congregation first met in a rented grocery store on Parkway Drive. It moved to a permanent location on Boulevard when it purchased and renovated a two-story apartment building. In 1956, it converted the Tabernacle Baptist Church on Boulevard to a synagogue. It built its current synagogue building on a five-acre lot on LaVista Road in 1961. Rabbi Joseph Safra was the congregation’s first permanent rabbi in 1951, followed by Rabbi Emanuel Feldman from 1952 to 1991. Rabbi Ilan Feldman has been the congregation’s Senior Rabbi since his father Emanuel’s retirement in 1991.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=2987.5919,3112.80019"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/annotation_set/1984/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eReform Judaism is a division within Judaism, especially in North America and the United Kingdom. Historically it began in the 19th century. In general, the Reform movement maintains that Judaism and Jewish traditions should be modernized and compatible with participation in Western culture. While the Torah remains the law, in Reform Judaism women are included (mixed seating, bat mitzvah, and women rabbis), instrumental music is allowed in the services, and most of the service is in the local language as opposed to Hebrew.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=2987.5919,3112.80019"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/annotation_set/1984/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Jacob Mortimer \"Jack\" Rothschild (1911-1973) served as rabbi of Atlanta’s oldest Reform congregation, the Temple, from 1946 until his death in 1973 from a heart attack. A native of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, he forged close relationships with the city’s Christian clergy and distinguished himself as a charismatic spokesperson for civil rights.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=2987.5919,3112.80019"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/annotation_set/1984/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFounded in Atlanta in 1953, the Katherine and Jacob Greenfield Hebrew Academy (GHA), originally known as The Hebrew Academy, was the first Jewish day school in the country to be accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. In 2014, GHA merged with Yeshiva Atlanta high school to become what is now Atlanta Jewish Academy.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=2987.5919,3112.80019"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/annotation_set/1984/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTemple Sinai was founded as a Reform congregation in 1968 and met in a variety of locations before establishing a synagogue on Dupree Drive in Sandy Springs, north of Atlanta. Rabbi Richard Lehrman was chosen as the congregation's founding rabbi. As of 2022, the current Senior Rabbi is Ronald M. Segal, who has served in that position since 2006.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3126.20602,3155.95288"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/annotation_set/1984/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIrving Yitzchak Greenberg (b. 1933), also known as Yitz Greenberg, is an American scholar, author and rabbi. He is known as a strong supporter of Israel and a promoter of greater understanding between Judaism and Christianity. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3163.86995,3218.88043"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/annotation_set/1984/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Union Prayer Book was a Siddur published by the Central Conference of American Rabbis for the Reform Judaism movement in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3264.10999,3290.84354"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/annotation_set/1984/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBar mitzvah is Hebrew for ‘son of commandment,’ a rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day. At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes. He is now duty bound to keep the commandments, he puts on tefillin, and may be counted to the minyan quorum for public worship. He celebrates the bar mitzvah by being called up to the reading of the Torah in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday. Similarly, bat mitzvah is Hebrew for ‘daughter of commandment,’ a rite of passage for Jewish girls aged 12 years and one day according to her Hebrew birthday. Many girls have their bat mitzvah around age 13, the same as boys who have their bar mitzvah at that age. She is now duty bound to keep the commandments. Synagogue ceremonies are held for bat mitzvah girls in Reform and Conservative communities, but it has not won the universal approval of Orthodox rabbis.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3264.10999,3290.84354"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/annotation_set/1984/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Richard J. Lehrman (1938-1979) was born in Pennsylvania and came to Atlanta, Georgia in 1965. In 1968, he was chosen as the newly formed Temple Sinai congregation's founding rabbi. Rabbi Lehrman continued to serve the congregation as its rabbi until his death in November 1979.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3290.84354,3296.78664"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/annotation_set/1984/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Philip N. Kranz (b. 1943) was the Senior Rabbi at Temple Sinai in Atlanta from 1980 until 2006. Prior to that, he served as rabbi of the Chicago Sinai congregation. He continues to serve the Atlanta Jewish community today and Temple Sinai as Rabbi Emeritus. (2021)\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3363.87262,3367.84479"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/annotation_set/1984/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Harvey Jay Winokur (b. 1951) was the founding rabbi in 1982 of Temple Kehillat Chaim, a Reform congregation in Roswell, Georgia. He began his rabbinical career at The Temple in Atlanta and at Temple Sinai in Sandy Springs, Georgia before assuming the pulpit at Kehillat Chaim, a position he held for 36 years. He earned a bachelor’s degree at the State University of New York at Buffalo and a master’s degree at the Hebrew Union College in Cincinnati.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3375.81159,3425.10101"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/annotation_set/1984/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTemple Kehillat Chaim is a Reform congregation located in Roswell, Georgia. It was founded in 1982 by Rabbi Harvey Winokur, who served as senior rabbi until his retirement in 2019. As of 2022, it is led by Rabbi Jason Holtz. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3375.81159,3425.10101"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/annotation_set/1984/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKehilla or kehillah means \"congregation\" in Hebrew.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3375.81159,3425.10101"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/annotation_set/1984/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePizitz was a major regional department store chain in Alabama that got their beginning in the late 19th century, with its flagship store in downtown Birmingham. By the 1920s, the store became known as the Louis Pizitz Dry Goods Company on the site of its flagship building in downtown Birmingham. At its peak, it operated 12 other stores, mostly in the Birmingham area with several locations in Huntsville and other Alabama cities. In 1986, McRae’s, a department store chain based in Jackson, Mississippi, announced that it would be taking over the Pizitz chain. In 2000, Bayer Properties acquired the historic building. Pizitz Middle School in the City of Vestavia Hills was built on land donated from the family estate. The school was named in honor of Louis Pizitz.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3531.98304,3549.88461"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/annotation_set/1984/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLoveman's of Alabama was a chain of department stores with locations across Alabama. It adopted this name to distinguish it from Loveman's department stores operating in Chattanooga, Tennessee, and in Nashville, Tennessee. The store was founded in 1887, as A.B. Loveman's Dry Goods Emporium at 1915 Second Avenue by Adolph Bernard Loveman. Moses V. Joseph of Selma, Alabama, soon joined the company and it was renamed Loveman \u0026amp; Joseph. In 1889, the company became Loveman, Joseph \u0026amp; Loeb with the addition of Emil Loeb. The flagship Birmingham downtown store closed in April 1980. The downtown Loveman's building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3553.35973,3598.6336"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/annotation_set/1984/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBlach's (formerly J. Blach \u0026amp; Sons) was a family-owned department store chain founded in 1855 by German immigrant Julius Blach in Vevay, Indiana. The logo Blach's used was the image of a calla lily and a layman's square which stood for the store's motto \"Blach's treats you fair and square.\" After coming to Birmingham in 1885, Blach housed his shop in a modest downtown space on 1st Avenue North. The store moved into a larger three-story building on 3rd Avenue North in 1905. In 1935-1936 the former Bencor Hotel building at 3rd Avenue and 20th Street. The store moved into its new location in 1936 and remained there until closing in 1988. The previous store at 3rd and 19th was torn down and an S. H. Kress store built there in 1937, which still stands.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3553.35973,3598.6336"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/annotation_set/1984/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 1963 during the Civil Rights era, Martin Luther King, Jr., made pleas to the Birmingham clergy, including rabbis, to support his marches. When the Jewish rabbis counseled patience and moderation and asked him to wait for desegregation laws to take effect, King called them out on their perceived passivity in a “Letter from a Birmingham Jail.” The letter gained national attention, and a few weeks later a group of 19 Conservative rabbis from the North, outraged by the images they saw on the TV of black protestors being beaten, arrived in Birmingham. They didn’t tell anyone in the Jewish community they were coming, which angered the rabbis and many Jews in Birmingham. After talking with King in the Birmingham jail, they toured black churches, making speeches of support. Then they left. The whole episode appeared high-handed to the Birmingham Jewish community, and they feared an anti-Semitic backlash from the Ku Klux Klan.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3609.40264,3628.1392"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/annotation_set/1984/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil Rights Movement encompasses social movements in the United States whose goal was to end racial segregation and discrimination against Black Americans and enforce constitutional voting rights to them. The movement was characterized by major campaigns of civil resistance. Between 1955 and 1968, acts of nonviolent protest and civil disobedience produced crisis situations between activists and government authorities. Noted legislative achievements during this phase of the Civil Rights Movement were passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the Immigration and Nationality Services Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3628.1392,3679.0543"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301/annotation_set/1984/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Temple on Peachtree Street in Atlanta, Georgia was bombed in the early morning hours of October 12, 1958. About 50 sticks of dynamite were planted near the building and tore a huge hole in the wall. No one was injured in the bombing as it was during the night. Rabbi Jacob Rothschild was an outspoken advocate of civil rights and integration and friend of Martin Luther King Jr. Five men associated with the National States’ Rights Party, a white separatist group, were tried and acquitted in the bombing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158022/file/288301#t=3628.1392,3679.0543"}]}]}]}