{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/t727942r96/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Schapiro, Beth"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2023-08-05 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Schapiro, Beth (Interviewee)","Gelder, Ronnie van (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eBeth Schapiro was interviewed by Ronnie van Gelder on August 5, 2023, in Atlanta, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eBeth Susan Schapiro was born in 1949 in Rockville Centre, Long Island, New York. She grew up in Richmond, Virginia with her two brothers, George and Edmond. Beth grew up in a close family that was active in the local Jewish community. Growing up, she was actively involved in their synagogue, Temple Beth-El, and was the president of the United Synagogue Youth. She attended the University of Maryland and graduated with a degree in elementary education. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eBeth moved to Atlanta to teach elementary school in the Atlanta public school system and later at private schools in the Atlanta area. She became involved with politics in Atlanta, founding the Georgia Women's Political Caucus. She decided to go back to school to study political science and graduated with a master's degree and a PhD from Emory University. After graduating, Beth began working for the Governor's Office of Planning and Budget and later became Executive Director of Research Atlanta. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eBeth has been very active with numerous political, feminist, LGBTQIA, and social activist organizations, including Feminist Action Alliance, ERA Georgia, and she served as president of the Cool Girls board. She has been involved in numerous campaigns in Georgia, particularly for female and LGBTQIA candidates. She was campaign manager for a candidate for Georgia House of Representatives, Kathryn Burke, was an intern for Georgia Representative Eleanor Richardson, and managed Linda Hallenborg's Georgia campaign for vice chair of the National Women's Political Caucus. She was largely involved with Cathy Woolard’s campaigns, Woolard was the first openly gay elected official in Georgia history and the first woman to be President of the Atlanta City Council.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eBeth is the retired founder of the Schapiro Group, a polling and strategic consulting firm serving the private sector, public sector, nonprofit, and political clients throughout the United States. Her political analysis and commentary have been published in many publications such as USA Today, the New York Times, Los Angeles Times, Richmond Times-Dispatch, and Atlanta Journal-Constitution. For her work with countless organizations, campaigns, and causes, Beth has been honored with multiple awards including the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Atlanta Gay \u0026amp; Lesbian Chamber of Commerce, and in 1994, she was inducted into the YWCA's Academy of Women Achievers. \u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eThe interview covers Beth’s early life, her career in politics, and activism. Beth begins by discussing her early childhood in Richmond, Virginia, and her family’s involvement in the local Jewish community. She shares what her father did for a living, and talks about growing up in a large, close family. She recounts receiving her undergraduate degree and moving to Atlanta to teach. She describes the political climate of Atlanta at the time and her struggle with the blatant racism of her colleagues regarding black students. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eBeth reflects on her career path and becoming involved with politics. She recalls choosing to attend Emory University and receiving both her master’s and doctoral degrees in political science. She shares about her job after graduating at the Governor's Office of Planning and Budget of Georgia. She discusses being executive director of Research Atlanta and becoming involved in numerous organizations in Atlanta including, Feminist Action Alliance and the National Organization for Women. She talks about deciding to start her own business and shares her experience creating the Schapiro Group. She also shares her involvement with Cool Girls, serving as president of the board. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eBeth recalls the campaigns she worked on and ones that were especially memorable and important to her. She talks about helping Cathy Woolard be elected to the Atlanta City Council and the importance of helping elect an openly gay woman. Beth talks about her involvement in politics and campaigns now that she has retired. Beth reflects on her legacy and influence on politics in the Atlanta area, especially the political involvement of women and LGBTQIA people. Beth talks about her interest in stand-up comedy. She shares that she grew up in a family where humor was important and she has taken a stand-up comedy class. The interview concludes with Beth discussing important figures in her career, including Elaine Alexander and Judith Taylor. \u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Alexander, Elaine (b. 1934) (personal name)","Ashe, Kathy Blee (b. 1946) (personal name)","Asher, Barbara (1938-1995) (personal name)","Bond, Horace Julian (1940-2015) (personal name)","Bond, Michael Julian (personal name)","Davis, Mary (personal name)","Easters, Melita (personal name)","Gelder, ​​Ronnie van (b. 1943) (personal name)","Justice, Jeff (personal name)","Main, Doctor Eleanor (1942-2008) (personal name)","Taylor, Esther Kahn (1905-1992) (personal name)","Taylor, Herbert (1895-1987) (personal name)","Taylor, Judith Grossman (b. 1936) (personal name)","Taylor, Mark K. (b. 1928) (personal name)","Woolard, Cathy (b. 1957) (personal name)","American Roadhouse (corporate name)","Atlanta Women's Fund (corporate name)","Atlanta Women's Foundation (corporate name)","Beth Sholom (corporate name)","Cool Girls (corporate name)","Emory University (corporate name)","ERA Georgia (corporate name)","Feminist Action Alliance (corporate name)","Georgia Equality (corporate name)","Georgia WIN List (corporate name)","Georgia Women's Political Caucus (corporate name)","Governor's Office of Planning and Budget (OPB) of Georgia (corporate name)","Human Rights Campaign (HRC) (corporate name)","Leadership Atlanta (corporate name)","League of Women Voters (corporate name)","Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta (corporate name)","National Organization for Women (NOW) (corporate name)","Office of Management and Budget (OMB) (corporate name)","Paideia School (corporate name)","Pegasus School (corporate name)","The Punchline (corporate name)","Research Atlanta (corporate name)","Schapiro Group (corporate name)","Temple Beth-El (corporate name)","Tull Waters Elementary School (corporate name)","United Synagogue Youth (USY) (corporate name)","University of Maryland (corporate name)","Vote Choice (corporate name)","William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum (corporate name)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","Athens, Georgia (geographic term)","Buford Highway (geographic term)","College Park, Maryland (geographic term)","Highland Avenue (geographic term)","Jonesboro North (geographic term)","Jonesboro South (geographic term)","Long Island, New York (geographic term)","Richmond, Virginia (geographic term)","Rockville Centre, New York (geographic term)","Washington, D.C. (geographic term)","Abortion rights (topical term)","Feminism (topical term)","Integration (topical term)","LGBTQIA rights (topical term)","Pro-choice (topical term)","Racism (topical term)","Segregation (topical term)","Bat mitzvah (other)","Confirmation (other)","Equal Rights Amendment (other)","Housing projects (other)","Passover (other)","Pesach (other)","Political science (other)","Reform Judaism (other)","Seders (other)","Stand-up comedy (other)","2016 Presidential election (other)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eBeth Schapiro was interviewed by Ronnie van Gelder on August 5, 2023, in Atlanta, Georgia.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBeth Susan Schapiro was born in 1949 in Rockville Centre, Long Island, New York. She grew up in Richmond, Virginia with her two brothers, George and Edmond. Beth grew up in a close family that was active in the local Jewish community. Growing up, she was actively involved in their synagogue, Temple Beth-El, and was the president of the United Synagogue Youth. She attended the University of Maryland and graduated with a degree in elementary education.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eBeth moved to Atlanta to teach elementary school in the Atlanta public school system and later at private schools in the Atlanta area. She became involved with politics in Atlanta, founding the Georgia Women's Political Caucus. She decided to go back to school to study political science and graduated with a master's degree and a PhD from Emory University. After graduating, Beth began working for the Governor's Office of Planning and Budget and later became Executive Director of Research Atlanta.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eBeth has been very active with numerous political, feminist, LGBTQIA, and social activist organizations, including Feminist Action Alliance, ERA Georgia, and she served as president of the Cool Girls board. She has been involved in numerous campaigns in Georgia, particularly for female and LGBTQIA candidates. She was campaign manager for a candidate for Georgia House of Representatives, Kathryn Burke, was an intern for Georgia Representative Eleanor Richardson, and managed Linda Hallenborg's Georgia campaign for vice chair of the National Women's Political Caucus. She was largely involved with Cathy Woolard\u0026rsquo;s campaigns, Woolard was the first openly gay elected official in Georgia history and the first woman to be President of the Atlanta City Council.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eBeth is the retired founder of the Schapiro Group, a polling and strategic consulting firm serving the private sector, public sector, nonprofit, and political clients throughout the United States. Her political analysis and commentary have been published in many publications such as USA Today, the New York Times, Los Angeles Times, Richmond Times-Dispatch, and Atlanta Journal-Constitution. For her work with countless organizations, campaigns, and causes, Beth has been honored with multiple awards including the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Atlanta Gay \u0026amp; Lesbian Chamber of Commerce, and in 1994, she was inducted into the YWCA's Academy of Women Achievers.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe interview covers Beth\u0026rsquo;s early life, her career in politics, and activism. Beth begins by discussing her early childhood in Richmond, Virginia, and her family\u0026rsquo;s involvement in the local Jewish community. She shares what her father did for a living, and talks about growing up in a large, close family. She recounts receiving her undergraduate degree and moving to Atlanta to teach. She describes the political climate of Atlanta at the time and her struggle with the blatant racism of her colleagues regarding black students.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eBeth reflects on her career path and becoming involved with politics. She recalls choosing to attend Emory University and receiving both her master\u0026rsquo;s and doctoral degrees in political science. She shares about her job after graduating at the Governor's Office of Planning and Budget of Georgia. She discusses being executive director of Research Atlanta and becoming involved in numerous organizations in Atlanta including, Feminist Action Alliance and the National Organization for Women. She talks about deciding to start her own business and shares her experience creating the Schapiro Group. She also shares her involvement with Cool Girls, serving as president of the board.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eBeth recalls the campaigns she worked on and ones that were especially memorable and important to her. She talks about helping Cathy Woolard be elected to the Atlanta City Council and the importance of helping elect an openly gay woman. Beth talks about her involvement in politics and campaigns now that she has retired. Beth reflects on her legacy and influence on politics in the Atlanta area, especially the political involvement of women and LGBTQIA people. Beth talks about her interest in stand-up comedy. She shares that she grew up in a family where humor was important and she has taken a stand-up comedy class. The interview concludes with Beth discussing important figures in her career, including Elaine Alexander and Judith Taylor.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/249/555/small/00000.mp4_1724703514.jpg?1724703522","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Shapiro_Beth.mp4"]},"duration":2256.189,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/249/555/small/00000.mp4_1724703514.jpg?1724703522","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/249/555/original/Shapiro_Beth.mp4?1724703510","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":2256.189,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/transcript/69974","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Schapiro, Beth [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/transcript/69974/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GELDER: My name is Ronnie van Gelder. Today is Tuesday, August 5, 2023, and I would like to thank Beth Schapiro for participating in the Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Project of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum. Welcome, Beth. Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=0.0,24.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/transcript/69974/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHAPIRO: Thank you, thank you for . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=24.0,25.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/transcript/69974/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GELDER: Although I've known of you and about you and kind of you for a long time, but not really a lot about you. This is going to be a wonderful opportunity. Can you tell us a little bit about where you grew up, your family, grandparents, parents?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=25.0,45.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/transcript/69974/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHAPIRO: I had all of those. First, thank you for including me in this. I didn't know Esther and Herbert Taylor, but I'm a big fan of Judith and Mark and their whole family. It's an honor to be part of this, thank you. I grew up in Richmond, Virginia. I was actually born in New York, in Rockville Centre on Long Island. My parents moved to Richmond when I was two. It's where my mother's family was from. My father's family was from the New York area, he had grown up there. His parents were immigrants from Eastern Europe. My mother's parents were immigrants from Eastern Europe. I know that's a very unusual story in the Jewish community, but they were. I'm a second-generation American. When we moved to Richmond, my father, who was an accountant by training, went to work for my grandfather, my mother's father. He had started, initially, a rag business in Richmond, and then eventually broadened that to wastepaper. My grandfather took in his son and his two sons-in-law, my father and then my mother's sister's husband and the four of them ran the business. I grew up in a family business in a close family. All three of my grandparents' kids, obviously, lived in Richmond. We knew our aunts and uncles, there were 11 of us cousins, we still . . . the remaining nine of us are still close today. It was a very close knit family. We knew all our extended family; we knew second cousins and we knew our parents' first cousins. We were one big family. My family was quite active in the Jewish community, my grandfather was one of the founders of Richmond's Temple Beth-El. He and a group of other immigrants formed it. I don't know exactly when, probably in the 1930's or 1940's, but they were founders of it. My mother grew up in that, we grew up in that synagogue. My father was quite active in the Jewish community. He was basically president of whatever there was to be president of, synagogue, the Jewish community center, the Beth Sholom, the old age home. He was quite an active leader. I have two brothers, the three of us grew up active in our synagogue. I was president of the USY [United Synagogue Youth], I led the Junior Congregation for a couple of years, I was bat mitzvahed, confirmed, I went through the works.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=45.0,242.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/transcript/69974/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GELDER: That sounds like a wonderful upbringing. I imagine you celebrated holidays as a whole clan of family members.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=242.0,254.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/transcript/69974/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHAPIRO: Of course, our Passover seders were controlled chaos. Yes, because it was at either my grandparents’ house or eventually, we started hosting them. Just imagine, eight adults, the two grandparents, and the three kids and their spouses, and then eleven kids. When we started these, the oldest might have been eight or nine. Yes, it was controlled chaos.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=254.0,286.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/transcript/69974/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GELDER: Where did you go to school? What are your degrees in? Because I know you have several.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=286.0,293.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/transcript/69974/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHAPIRO: Just three. I went to University of Maryland and in College Park. I came out of there with a degree in elementary education, and I moved down here in 1971 when I graduated. I had actually wanted to stay in the [Washington] D.C. area and teach there but, at that time, there just were no openings in the D.C. or surrounding county schools. I moved down here because I had a cousin, who has since died, who lived here and who convinced my mother that this was a place that was full of young Jewish singles, and I could find myself my nice Jewish doctor husband. I moved here in 1971, found a roommate through the Jewish Community Center. They had some kind of matching service, I guess. We had an apartment on Buford Highway, which at the time was where all the Jewish singles were, and I began teaching in the Atlanta public schools.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=293.0,362.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/transcript/69974/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GELDER: What was that experience like? What was the political climate at that time?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=362.0,368.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/transcript/69974/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHAPIRO: That's a great question because, at that time, I don't know if you grew up here or not? Okay, but at that time, the schools had not integrated classrooms, but they had integrated faculty. Every school was roughly 50/50 black, white in terms of teachers. There was a fair amount of tension over that. I had a white principal, white male, with whom I did not get along well at all. He was a former Army colonel who thought kids should be marching in line in the hall and raising their hands before they went to . . . put stuff in the trash can. He just thought I was way too liberal for teaching. We had a black assistant principal, and that was kind of the norm there would be white and black leadership at the top of the school. Usually, the principal was white, the assistant principal would have been black. I was in a neighborhood in southeast Atlanta, it was Tull Waters Elementary School. It's since closed, but about three or four years before I started teaching there, the Jonesboro North and South housing projects had opened up and they had opened up in what had previously been a white working class area. Even though I grew up in Richmond, I was really kind of oblivious to race relations and racial issues but what I learned when I started teaching at the school was that white people in the neighborhood fled as soon as the project opened, they fled. Some people just left without even selling their house, they would leave. They would put it up for sale but leave even before it was sold because they just refused to live in an integrated area. There were tensions among the kids and at that point, there were maybe a third of my kids of my class was black and about two-thirds was still white. There were tensions around that, and it was . . . I think the thing that bothered me the most was the very first day of planning, before school even started, the teachers were all meeting, and one of the . . . I was teaching third grade. One of the fourth grade teachers looked at the list of students that I had and then was kind of going through and telling me what this one's bad and that one's bad, and I realized later, all the ones that she said were bad were bad were the black kids. This was a white teacher who was telling me that. That just bothered me that the kids were being stereotyped even before I had met them. I was being told, here's what you label this kid. That experience began to open my eyes to the realities of inequalities between black and white people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=368.0,564.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/transcript/69974/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GELDER: Would you say your Jewish values and upbringing kind of kicked in at that point?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=564.0,572.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/transcript/69974/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHAPIRO: Yes. Growing up in Richmond, that's about as segregated a city as you'd ever find. Other than the black people who were working in menial jobs, maids, as they were called then, as the women were called then, janitors. The men who worked at my grandfather's plant, but they all worked out on the plant floor, and none of them was in the front office. I didn't grow up questioning that. I realized as an adult, I never really met any black professionals. I had never met black teachers or lawyers or doctors or members of the clergy. I think that being in this teaching position with black and white kids, with a faculty that wasn't crazy about having to be integrated, just began to open my eyes to what life was really like, in the South for sure, and in much of America.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=572.0,647.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/transcript/69974/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GELDER: After your teaching experience, you had several different jobs before you started the Schapiro Group. I want to ask you a bit about that, but what were your positions before the Schapiro Group?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=647.0,664.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/transcript/69974/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHAPIRO: I was with the school system, Atlanta school system for a year. I then taught for three years at a very small private alternative school that was called the Pegasus School. It was kind of like Paideia, but even more unstructured . . . We had 30 to 35 kids, there were three of us who taught. We just kind of put it together and read it, really not knowing much about what we were doing, other than that all of us were educators, all of us loved kids, and all of us thought that public schools were failing our kids. I taught there for three years and kind of got worn out from that. Over that period, I had become active in the women's movement. I don't quite know what the trigger was, but somewhere around 1972 or 1973, I found the Georgia Women's Political Caucus. I had grown up in a family that . . . we weren't overly political, but my parents were very much aware of politics, talked about politics. I always enjoyed just kind of following those conversations and following campaigns. We were good Democrats, of course. I found I kind of gravitated toward political activity and toward helping get women elected to office. Around that time, the Equal Rights Amendment was beginning to be discussed and I got involved in a group called ERA Georgia. I realized that as much as I love kids, and I do love kids, and I love teaching, I was more interested in politics, and particularly electoral politics. I started looking at local colleges and universities and interviewed with a terrific instructor at Emory [University] who eventually became my advisor. You're going to ask me about one of my major influencers, one of them was the late Doctor Eleanor Main. I decided, I like her, I think I'd like to be at Emory and learning political science under someone like her.  I began graduate school in the fall of 1975, intending only to get a master's in political science. I really liked it, I did well, the faculty liked me. I was given research assistantships and teaching assistantships, and Doctor Main suggested I continue my education and get a doctorate. I stayed at Emory, and two years later, came out of there with a PhD in political science. At that point, I would have liked college teaching, but there were no openings anywhere in Atlanta, and I wasn't interested in pursuing jobs in Athens [Georgia] and looking at a commute or anything. A friend of mine connected me with an opening at the Georgia Office of Planning and Budget. My first job out of graduate school was as a senior planner in the Office of Planning and Budget. The office functions for the Georgia governor's office the way OMB, the Office of Management and Budget functions in Washington for the president. I was on the policy side, so I was an analyst. I was a post-secondary education planner. Then I was teamed up with a budget person who was the post-secondary education budget person. I learned everything that there is to know about life after high school in Georgia. Mostly the public colleges and universities and what were then called the area vocational technical schools, but I also had to at least become familiar with what the private institutions were and what those offerings were. I was there for two years when a friend of mine suggested that I should look at an opening at an organization called Research Atlanta. The executive director was leaving, there was a fixed term, his three years were up. It was an organization that provided analysis of public policy issues in the metro area. This was in the days before local governments had planning departments and Research Atlanta would do reports on a whole variety of issues that helped governments function better. I ran that for three years; my term was up. Over that period, I guess going back to 1975, 1974, 1975 through that time, I had been very active in the women's movement. I was a leader of a group called Feminist Action Alliance, which was a group that had the same goals as NOW, National Organization for Women. But we were more focused on working through the political system, working through the business world, whereas NOW was a little more focused on drawing attention to issues. I think the two organizations were great complements to each other because they helped open doors for us, we helped open doors for them. I had been active in Feminist Action Alliance and about 1976 or 1977, we started putting on conferences to help women get elected to office. That had just become my passion, my master's thesis, my doctoral dissertation were on the recruitment of men and women to Southern state legislatures and what similarities there were, what differences there were. All I wanted to do was get more women in office, because the men who were in office weren't doing a very good job when it came to women's issues in general, and to a lot of other issues as well. I had kind of two paths in my life, this education path of the teaching and then getting more education and that was one of the values that I think, to me, that's a quintessentially Jewish value. Not that other religions don't value it, but the importance of education was . . . that was just a foundational piece in our family, it was just learning was something you had to do, reading. Just educating yourself was something that we didn't question it, we did it . . . We learned good education skills growing up. I knew how to learn, and I knew how to teach. I had this education track going, but I also had this political activist track going, and that was more engaging to me than teaching or working in the corporate world. That held no interest to me at all. In 1984, when my term at Research Atlanta was up, I decided I'm just going to start a political and public affairs consulting business. I had no clue as to what I was doing. I had grown up in a family business, I knew a lot of hard work was involved, but I knew nothing else. I knew enough to at least talk to a few people, get their ideas on it. In some cases, they offered, they said, \"If you start this, I've got projects that you could help us with.\" I started a business and wanted to use it to help elect good people to office, primarily women but any other good folks that came along. Also to provide policy analysis, where that could be useful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=664.0,1174.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/transcript/69974/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GELDER: What is \"stepped off the treadmill\", which comes up on your bio?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=1174.0,1182.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/transcript/69974/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHAPIRO: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=1182.0,1184.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/transcript/69974/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GELDER: Does that have a particular meaning?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=1184.0,1187.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/transcript/69974/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHAPIRO: In terms of my having retired?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=1187.0,1190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/transcript/69974/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GELDER: Yes. Is that before the Schapiro group?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=1190.0,1196.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/transcript/69974/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHAPIRO: No, this is after.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=1196.0,1197.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/transcript/69974/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GELDER: Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=1197.0,1198.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/transcript/69974/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHAPIRO: The treadmill was 30 years of running a business.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=1198.0,1201.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/transcript/69974/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GELDER: Okay, I see. That's what the treadmill was, the business end of things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=1201.0,1206.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/transcript/69974/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHAPIRO: I don't know if I stepped off or fell off.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=1206.0,1209.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/transcript/69974/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GELDER: Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=1209.0,1210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/transcript/69974/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHAPIRO: The treadmill is no longer in my life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=1210.0,1213.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/transcript/69974/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GELDER: Got it. The Schapiro group was both working on research end of things or policy, and getting the right people elected.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=1213.0,1233.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/transcript/69974/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHAPIRO: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=1233.0,1234.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/transcript/69974/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GELDER: You've served on a lot of boards, and I'd like you to tell us about some of them, but in particular, I know you were president of Cool Girls.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=1234.0,1246.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/transcript/69974/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHAPIRO: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=1246.0,1248.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/transcript/69974/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GELDER: Could you tell us a little bit about Cool Girls and what brought you there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=1248.0,1253.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/transcript/69974/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHAPIRO: Cool Girls is a terrific organization that provides afterschool programming in the schools for girls in disadvantaged neighborhoods. I don't know what . . . Actually, I know what attracted me to it. One of the organizations on whose board I served was the Atlanta Women's Fund, this was the predecessor to the amazing Atlanta Women's Foundation. I was one of the founding board members along with Judith Taylor and the late wonderful Barbara Asher. We were among the group that helped launch the Atlanta Women's Fund, and then that became the Atlanta Women's Foundation. I eventually served on the Atlanta Women's Foundation Board as well and I chaired the grants committee. One of the organizations that I got to know as a grantee was Cool Girls, and when I went off the Atlanta Women's Foundation board, I thought, this is a group where I want to put some time. I served on the board and was fortunate also to have been able to have led the group as its president.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=1253.0,1324.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/transcript/69974/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GELDER: I worked on Barbara Asher's campaign. Was that a campaign that you were working with?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=1324.0,1332.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/transcript/69974/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHAPIRO: No, I didn't really know her or get to know her until we served on the on the board together.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=1332.0,1344.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/transcript/69974/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GELDER: Is there a particular campaign that stands out in your mind that, \"Wow, we did this\"?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=1344.0,1352.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/transcript/69974/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHAPIRO: Yes, they're two. I've been fortunate to have worked with a lot of really good people. I don't know whether it was . . . most of the people I worked with initially were women, many of whom were the first women to run for whatever level of office they were running for. They came out of community involvement, policy backgrounds. League of Women Voters was a wonderful training ground that led women to run for office. The wonderful Kathy Ashe was somebody that I had the privilege to work for. But I think the two campaigns that are the most meaningful to me involved Cathy Woolard. In 1977, Cathy was the first openly gay person to be elected to public office in the state of Georgia. She was a longtime friend, and I was very much involved in her campaign. It was a city council seat, district seat in the city of Atlanta. It happened to be my district, and it was my sweet spot. I was out by then and not happy with how LGBTQ [lesbian gay bisexual transgender queer/questioning] people were being treated in society. To me, the way to make change had always been through politics and getting somebody openly gay elected to public office felt like this was going to be really important. We did it and it was a very satisfying campaign because I knew the district, we defeated a 20 year incumbent, a woman who was very good, Mary Davis, who had served on the council with distinction but there was just a sense in her district that it was time for a change. Cathy was the right person at the right time to effect that change. That was just . . . I still get chills thinking about the fact that we did it. A small group of us were a steering committee. We met each week at what was then the American Roadhouse Cafe. It's now Truva restaurant on Highland [Avenue]. We put together a campaign that won. Cathy is a terrific leader, she's a policy wonk. She's as honest and ethical as the day is long, and she's an effective leader. She's an engaging person, she's got a great sense of humor. She's somebody people want to follow, and it was just really fun working with someone like that. Then four years later, the council presidency was open, and she decided to run for that. We made it to a runoff, and she was running against Michael Julian Bond, who is longtime leader on city council, son of the late Julian Bond. We were told, as we were told in 1997, \"Cathy can't win. She can't beat Mary Davis. She can't beat Michael Julian Bond citywide.\" That's all either one of us had to hear. We can't do this? Let's just see what happens. As every campaign Cathy's ever run was, it was a very strategic, very smart, very targeted campaign, and lo and behold, we beat him. Again, I just remember that night when we realized that we'd done it, the next morning when there was a press conference at her campaign headquarters and every TV station in the city was there, \"How'd you do this?\" She said, \"I knew I could do this. I knew the voters of the city were looking for my kind of leadership. We ran a smart campaign, and I look forward to serving as city council president.\" The inaugurations for both of those they were just wonderful events. I remember being at the inauguration when she was sworn into council, and then the day she got sworn in as the number two leader in the city, it was just amazing. I think those were probably the two most significant elections to me, just because of what they represented in the progress of LGBTQ people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=1352.0,1653.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/transcript/69974/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GELDER: Did that spur you on to more work on policy issues for the LGBTQ community? Are you doing that in a volunteer position now?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=1653.0,1670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/transcript/69974/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHAPIRO: No, I didn't get involved in policy issues because we had and still have the wonderful Georgia Equality that was doing great work on that. Then at the national level, certainly the Human Rights Campaign [HRC]. We did polling for them, we would do polling for HRC. We did a lot of polling for Georgia Equality. We helped them gauge public opinion on issues. We helped them frame how to discuss these issues. We helped them to develop a strategy for moving the ball forward, but no, I didn't do policy analysis, per se, for them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=1670.0,1716.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/transcript/69974/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GELDER: Now are you working as a volunteer on campaigns or issues?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=1716.0,1723.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/transcript/69974/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHAPIRO: Not a lot. Running a business, running a small business is exhausting. I closed the business and retired in December of 2014, December 10 of 2014 but who's counting? I just needed some time to chill and that's what I did. I had spent 40 plus years volunteering, that may not be my Jewish upbringing, but certainly it was part of my parents’ lives. They were both active volunteers, mostly in the Jewish community, my mother a little more in our school and some education stuff. I grew up learning how to volunteer, and I grew up learning the satisfactions of it. I think volunteering certainly was an area where I honed my leadership skills, and used them, I think, to decent effect. Even when I was running the business, I was still an active volunteer, and I was just tired. I just needed to get off the treadmill,  and not volunteer, not have any type of structured involvement. Now, I just kind of pick and choose and the last few years, we're recording this in 2023, the last few years have been, certainly prior to 2020 were quite challenging. The election of 2016 spurred me into action. I think that probably from 2016 on up through now, I've been a little more involved in helping, not so much to . . . I'm not actively volunteering in campaigns. I've helped a few people raise money here and there, but I use my platform as the kids say today, and my voice. I maintain a mailing list and when there are good candidates who come along, I'll just do a mailing to my folks and say, \"Hey, here's somebody you ought to know about. Here's how to support.\" I do a little bit of work like that, but it's pretty much on my terms and not on the terms of an organization that needs me to be at meetings or needs me to be on phone calls. I don't do those anymore.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=1723.0,1887.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/transcript/69974/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GELDER: Were you a mentor or an advisor to Melita [Easters] with the Georgia WIN List?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=1887.0,1897.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/transcript/69974/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHAPIRO: No, Melita does not need mentoring or advising. No, I was not involved in helping to get that started. I'm a big fan, though, of what Melita and that organization have put together. They have moved the needle on, not just getting women elected, but getting women elected who are prepared to serve once they're elected and who are prepared to get reelected. Who are taught how, here's how you use your office to become known to your constituents, to keep your donors and supporters informed. They've done and they do terrific work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=1897.0,1943.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/transcript/69974/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GELDER: It sounds like that's part of your legacy or the seeds that you may have planted, whether you realized it or not, of getting women elected and staying in those offices.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=1943.0,1961.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/transcript/69974/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHAPIRO: I'm supposed to be humble. My father was a great leader, and he was a very humble leader. He taught me that it's about the people you're leading, it's not about you. But I would agree, I do feel like that looking back over what I did with the Women's Political Caucus and Feminist Action Alliance and then campaigns, yes, I do feel like I've helped plant a number of seeds, some of which sprouted and developed beautifully, and some of which it's a good thing they're still in the ground.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=1961.0,1994.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/transcript/69974/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GELDER: I want to ask you a question, which maybe people don't know about you, and that is you're a stand-up comedy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=1994.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/transcript/69974/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHAPIRO: I'm fortunate to have grown up in a family where humor was important. My father had a great sense of humor. I learned a lot just from watching him and how he was around people, particularly in his leadership roles. I saw him use humor very effectively as a leader of organizations. I was just kind of a smartass kid. I was the class clown. I like making people laugh, I was pretty good at it. I still am with all due humility. I've always used humor myself and about, I guess, it was about 10 or 15 years ago. I took a standup course with Jeff Justice and when you take the course, you learn how to write comedy, and then you perform at the Punchline. Our graduation ceremony was at the Punchline. I've done probably three or four standup courses over the past 15 years or so. I've loved them. I think I'm pretty good at standup comedy, and a couple times, I've done comedy as part of a benefit for some kind of nonprofit. I enjoy it, if I can't find something to laugh at every day, then it hasn't been a good day. It means I haven't been watching the news because there's a there's a lot to cry at, but there's also a lot to laugh at.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=2010.0,2112.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/transcript/69974/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GELDER: Beth, this has been just a wonderful learning experience about you and your background. Your mission and your legacy. Anything you want to add that I didn't ask about?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=2112.0,2134.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/transcript/69974/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHAPIRO: . . . Yes. I guess in thinking about this, one of your questions to me early on, was about influencers, and I started thinking about some of the women that I worked with over the years from whom I learned. There are a couple who stand out, and they are women whose histories have been archived and they are Elaine Alexander and Judith Taylor. I got to know Elaine when I went through Leadership Atlanta. At the time, she was one of the co-directors. Then I got to know Judith and her even better through Vote Choice, which was a group formed back in the 1990's, I think, to help elect pro-choice candidates. I was also on the Women's Fund board with Judith. I just learned a lot from watching them. I learned . . . I already was a pretty good strategic thinker, but I just kind of honed my skills in terms of, you come at stuff strategically, you don't just start raising money and giving it to candidates. You do your research; you do your homework. I also learned the importance of speaking up. Growing up as a girl in the South, I wasn't encouraged to speak up, we were kind of there to be seen but not heard. Neither Judith nor Elaine is a woman who is someone who is seen and not heard. I learned from watching them the importance of using my voice. I guess I would tip my hat to the two of them in particular as role models who helped me become a more effective leader.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=2134.0,2245.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/transcript/69974/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GELDER: Thank you. I know they've been role models for a lot of people in the community.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=2245.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/transcript/69974/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHAPIRO: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=2250.0,2251.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/transcript/69974/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GELDER: Thank you so much for this interview.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=2251.0,2254.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/transcript/69974/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHAPIRO: Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=2254.0,2256.189"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRonnie van Gelder (b. 1943) is the former program director of The Temple. She is Co-Vice President of Programming for the National Council of Jewish Women Atlanta section. She is also active in local Democratic campaigns and politics.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=0.0,24.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum in Atlanta celebrates and commemorates Jewish history, culture, and art through events and museum spaces. The Breman also contains the Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History, which houses thousands of manuscripts, oral histories, and photograph collections, related to southern Jewish history and the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=0.0,24.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEsther Kahn Taylor (1905-1992) was an active member of the Atlanta Jewish community and co-founder with her husband of the oral history project at the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum, called the Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection. She was born in Atlanta to Janice and Marcus Kahn, both immigrants from the Bialystok area of Eastern Europe. She attended Girls’ High, and her father refused to send her to college. She met and married Herbert Taylor (1895-1987). At the time of their marriage, Herbert was a pharmacist with his own stores, although later he went into real estate development. Esther and Herbert had one son, Mark (b. 1928). She resumed her musical studies when time and duties allowed, studying with noted pianists, and eventually attending both Julliard in New York City and the Sorbonne in Paris, France. Esther was also asked to be a member of the Atlanta Music Club and headed several efforts at musical education in classrooms and on the radio. Esther also joined Hadassah and the National Council of Jewish Women where she served in a variety of roles, much of it in the area of legislative lobbying. She attended the Conference on the Cause of Cure of War where she was received at the White House. She also joined ORT after a trip to Morocco, where she saw conditions that inspired her to a life-long commitment to the organization. Esther also brought Planned Parenthood to Atlanta, raising funds, renovating the buildings for the first clinics, and establishing it firmly in the city.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=45.0,242.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHerbert Taylor (1895-1987) was a native Atlantan. His father was a founding member and the first secretary of Ahavath Achim synagogue in 1887. Herbert began his career as a pharmacist before venturing into a successful construction and real estate business. Herbert married Esther Kahn (1905-1992), the daughter of Marcus Kahn, one of the founders of the Shearith Israel. He attended Boys’ High, served in the military during World War I, and graduated from the Atlanta School of Pharmacy. He operated Taylor Drug Company and was an owner of iconic Plaza Drugs on Ponce de Leon Avenue. He left the pharmacy business for the construction business, building homes, apartments, and shopping centers. He became president of a firm that built the Mall West End in Atlanta and was a member of the board of directors of Phoenix Investments, which built the Hyatt Regency Atlanta. He was a member of the Don’t Worry Club, Commerce Club, American Jewish Committee, and Ahavath Achim Synagogue. Herbert and his wife Esther often donated materials and time to philanthropic projects in Atlanta. They had one son, Mark Taylor (b. 1928). Mark and his wife, Judith Grossman Taylor (b. 1936) are also active members of Atlanta’s Jewish community and involved in many philanthropic activities. The Esther and Herbert Taylor Family Foundation supports The Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection at the Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History at the Breman Museum in Atlanta, which consists of a thousand oral histories that document Jewish life in Georgia and Alabama. He and his wife also donated their home to establish the Louis Kahn Group Home for the Elderly.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=45.0,242.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJudith Grossman Taylor (b. 1936) is an active member of the Atlanta Jewish community, philanthropist, and funder of the Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection, founded by her in-laws. She attended Abraham Lincoln High School in Brooklyn, New York and Brandeis University. She married Mark Taylor in 1957, and they have four children. In 2018, Mark and Judith were honored by the Anti-Defamation League Southeast Region with the Goldstein Human Relations Award. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=45.0,242.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMark K. Taylor (b. 1928) is an active member of the Atlanta Jewish community, philanthropist, and funder of the Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection, founded by his parents. He is an Atlanta native and the only son of Hebert and Esther Kahn Taylor. He graduated from Boys’ High School and Cornell University. He earned his master’s from Georgia Tech. He worked with his father Herbert Taylor in the construction business, Taylor Enterprises. He married Judith Grossman in 1957. They had four children. In 2018, Mark and Judith were honored by the Anti-Defamation League Southeast Region with the Goldstein Human Relations Award.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=45.0,242.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRichmond is the capital city of Virginia and among America’s oldest major cities. During the Revolutionary War period, several notable events occurred in the city, including Patrick Henry's \"Give me liberty, or give me death!\" speech in 1775 at St. John's Church and the passage of the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom written by Thomas Jefferson. During the American Civil War, Richmond was the capital of the Confederate States of America. The White House of the Confederacy is now a museum in Court End, a neighborhood known for Federal-style mansions. The Jackson Ward neighborhood is the city's traditional hub of African-American commerce and culture, once known as the \"Black Wall Street of America\" and the \"Harlem of the South.\" \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=45.0,242.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRockville Centre is an incorporated village located in the Town of Hempstead in Nassau County, on the South Shore of Long Island, New York. The site of Rockville Centre has been occupied by humans for thousands of years, by the year 1643, there were roughly thirteen Algonquin bands. The area was named \"Rockville Centre\" in 1849, after local Methodist preacher and community leader Mordecai \"Rock\" Smith. It was incorporated as a village in 1893. Rockville Centre emerged in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century as a commuter town connected to New York by the Long Island Railroad (LIRR).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=45.0,242.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLong Island is a densely populated island in the southeastern part of the New York metropolitan area. Historically, Long Island has been populated by descendants of 19th and early 20th century immigrants from Europe, including significant populations of ethnic Irish, Jewish, and Italian immigrants.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=45.0,242.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTemple Beth-El was founded in 1931 as Richmond, Virginia’s first Conservative Jewish congregation. High Holiday services were initially held at the Scottish Rite Temple; within a few months, permanent quarters were leased in Colombo Hall on West Broad Street. Cemetery grounds were purchased in 1936 and dedicated a year later. To better accommodate the growing congregation, a small church and an adjoining lot at 3330 Grove Avenue was purchased. The building was dedicated in January 1939. On June 1, 1942, the cornerstone of the new building was laid and in September of the same year, Beth-El held its first High Holiday services in the lower, unfinished auditorium. Due to WWII, the building was not finished until 1949. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=45.0,242.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBeth Sholom opened in 1945 in Richmond, Virginia as the first Jewish home for seniors in the state. In the late 1950’s, Beth Sholom moved to a larger campus in the West End. In 2023, the Beth Sholom Board of Directors approved the sale of the campus facilities.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=45.0,242.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eUnited Synagogue Youth (USY) and Kadima are the official youth organizations of the Conservative movement of Judaism. USY was founded in 1951 and has grown from a handful of chapters to an international organization with thousands of high school age members. In 1964, Kadima was formalized as a separate entity for pre-USY age young people. USY was conceived as a means of meeting the social, educational, religious, and recreational needs of Jewish teenagers. The organization seeks to involve teenagers in synagogue life and help build the Jewish community of the future. As a Zionist organization, it also works to build a relationship between Israel and Jewish youth in America.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=45.0,242.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: daughter of commandments] is a rite of passage for Jewish girls aged 12 years and one day according to her Hebrew birthday. Many girls have their \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e around age 13, the same as boys who have their \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e at that age. The \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e girl is now duty bound to keep the commandments. Synagogue ceremonies are held for \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e girls in Reform and Conservative communities, but it has not won the approval of Orthodox rabbis.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=45.0,242.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eConfirmation is a coming-of-age ritual that originated in the Reform movement, which scorned the idea that at 13 years of age a child was an adult. They replaced bar and bat mitzvah with a confirmation ceremony at about age 16 to 18. In some Conservative synagogues the confirmation concept has been adopted as a way to continue and child’s Jewish education and involvement for a few more years.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=45.0,242.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePesach\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: Passover] is the celebration of Israel’s liberation from Egyptian bondage. The holiday lasts for eight days. Unleavened bread, matzo, is eaten in memory of the unleavened bread prepared by the Israelites during their hasty flight from Egypt, when they had not time to wait for the dough to rise. On the first two nights of Passover, the \u003cem\u003eseder\u003c/em\u003e, the central event of the holiday, is celebrated.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=254.0,286.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSeder\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: order] is a Jewish ritual feast that marks the beginning of the Jewish holiday of Passover. It is conducted on the evening of the fifteenth day of \u003cem\u003eNisan\u003c/em\u003e in the Hebrew calendar throughout the world. Some communities hold \u003cem\u003eseder\u003c/em\u003e on both the first two nights of Passover. The \u003cem\u003eseder\u003c/em\u003e incorporates prayers, candle lighting, and traditional foods symbolizing the slavery of the Jews and the exodus from Egypt. It is one of the most colorful and joyous occasions in Jewish life.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=254.0,286.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Maryland is a public land-grant research university located in College Park, Maryland. It was founded in 1856 and is now the flagship university in the University of Maryland system.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=293.0,362.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCollege Park is a city in Prince George's County, Maryland. It is the home of the University of Maryland, College Park. College Park is also home to federal agencies such as the National Archives at College Park (Archives II), NOAA's Weather Prediction Center, and the FDA's Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. College Park Airport, established in 1909, is the world's oldest continuously operated airport. The College Park Aviation Museum, attached to the airport and an affiliate of the Smithsonian Institution, houses antique and reproduction aircraft as well as materials relating to early aviation history. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=293.0,362.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWashington, D.C. is the United States capital. The city sits on the Potomac River and borders Maryland and Virginia. The city is home to the three branches of the federal government including the Capitol, the White House, and the Supreme Court. It is also home to various well-known museums and performing arts venues such as the Kennedy Center.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=293.0,362.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Jewish Community Center was officially founded in 1910, as the Jewish Educational Alliance. In the late 1940s it evolved into the Atlanta Jewish Community Center and moved to Peachtree Street. It stayed there until 1998, when the building was sold and the center moved to the suburb of Dunwoody. In 2000, it was renamed the “Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=293.0,362.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBuford Highway is a major roadway that connects three metro Atlanta counties. It stretches north from Midtown Atlanta to the Dekalb-Gwinnett County line. The Buford Highway also refers to the community around the roadway (also known as the Buford Highway Corridor and DeKalb International Corridor), which spans along either side of a stretch of Georgia State Route 13 (SR 13) in DeKalb County. Buford Highway is an ethnically diverse, linear community made up of apartment complexes, suburban neighborhoods, and shopping centers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=293.0,362.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIntegrated schools are schools that have gone through the process of ending race-based segregation within public and private schools.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=368.0,564.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTull Waters Elementary School was a school in southeast Atlanta. It opened in 1959 and has since closed. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=368.0,564.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJonesboro North and Jonesboro South were housing projects in southeast Atlanta. In 1994 the Atlanta Housing Authority, encouraged by the federal HOPE VI program, embarked on a policy created for comprehensive revitalization of severely distressed public housing developments. These distressed public housing properties were replaced by mixed-income communities. Jonesboro North’s 145 units were torn down in 2008, and Jonesboro South’s 160 units were also torn down in 2008.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=368.0,564.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Schapiro Group was a strategic consulting firm serving private sector, public sector, nonprofit, and political clients throughout the United States. It was founded by Beth Schapiro in 1984, who began her career as a teacher in the Atlanta Public Schools, served as a Senior Planner in the Georgia Office of Planning and Budget, and Executive Director of Research Atlanta. Schapiro retired in 2014. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=647.0,664.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Paideia School is a private independent school located in the Druid Hills neighborhood of Atlanta. The school opened in 1971 and enrolls students from pre-K to 12th grade.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=664.0,1174.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA proposed amendment to the United States Constitution designed to guarantee equal rights for women. Alice Paul and Crystal Eastman originally wrote it. In 1923, it was introduced in the Congress for the first time. In 1972, it passed both houses of Congress and went to the state legislatures for ratification. A long process ensued which resulted in 1982 that the amendment was three states short of the required threshold and the attempt to get it ratified continues today.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=664.0,1174.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eERA Georgia was an organization that focused on addressing women's rights and promotion of the Equal Rights Amendment. The group was founded in the late 1970’s and was closely involved with politics, especially the Georgia Women's Political Caucus. Joyce Parker served as president of ERA Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=664.0,1174.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEmory University is a private research university in Atlanta, Georgia. Founded in 1836 as \"Emory College\" by the Methodist Episcopal Church and named in honor of Methodist bishop John Emory, Emory is the second-oldest private institution of higher education in Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=664.0,1174.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDoctor Eleanor Main (1942-2008) was a professor of political science at Emory University, where she served as a teacher and administrator for 39 years. She received a BA from Hunter College in 1963 and a Ph.D. in political science from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1966. After a post-doctoral fellowship at the University of Texas, Austin, she accepted her first tenure-track position at the University of Connecticut. Two years later in 1969, she joined the political science department at Emory University. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=664.0,1174.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAthens, Georgia is located in northeast Georgia. The city was founded in 1806 and is known for its antebellum architecture. The University of Georgia, the state's flagship public university and an R1 research institution, is in Athens and contributed to its initial growth. The city also has a growing food scene, an influential indie rock music scene, and is home to the Georgia Museum of Art. Athens has 15 neighborhoods on the National Register of Historic Places.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=664.0,1174.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Governor's Office of Planning and Budget (OPB) of Georgia supports the state by producing short and long-term financial analyses, running budget development, and overseeing fiscal controls.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=664.0,1174.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Office of Management and Budget (OMB) is the largest office within the Executive Office of the President of the United States (EOP). OMB's most prominent function is to produce the president's budget, but it also examines agency programs, policies, and procedures to see whether they comply with the president's policies and coordinates inter-agency policy initiatives. The Bureau of the Budget, OMB's predecessor, was established in 1921 as a part of the Department of the Treasury. The bureau was reorganized into the Office of Management and Budget in 1970 during the Nixon administration.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=664.0,1174.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eResearch Atlanta was a non-profit organization established in 1971 to study public policy issues affecting the Atlanta metropolitan area. Research Atlanta served as Atlanta's think tank for urban problems and published policy studies from 1971 to 2006 on major urban issues confronted by metropolitan Atlanta and placed Atlanta's urban problems within a national context. During its 35 years of operation, Research Atlanta produced numerous public policy studies on issues ranging from public school desegregation to creating a downtown cultural district. In 1992, Georgia State University agreed to assume responsibility for operating Research Atlanta. In 2006, Research Atlanta merged with the Regional Leadership Forum and the Metro Group to form what is now the Civic League for Regional Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=664.0,1174.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Feminist Action Alliance, Inc. (FAA) was formed in November 1973 in Atlanta, Georgia. It was governed by a board of directors and led by an elected president, vice president, and treasurer. FAA accomplished its administrative goals through the work of four committees: Business Support, Publications, Membership, and Public Relations. Aimed at working toward the full participation of women in social, political, and economic institutions, the Feminist Action Alliance focused its efforts in three areas: political action, employment, and rape. In 1980 FAA shifted part of its efforts toward family goals that would permit the existence of families in which each family member would have opportunities to develop to his or her full potential. FAA advocated the establishment of a network of childcare options, the restructuring of the workplace to allow alternative work patterns such as flextime and job sharing, the availability of low-cost family planning services, and the reform of marital laws to recognize marriage as a true partnership.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=664.0,1174.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Organization for Women (NOW) is an American feminist organization. Founded in 1966, it is a social welfare organization. The organization consists of 550 chapters in all 50 U.S. states and Washington, D.C. It is the largest feminist organization in the United States with around 500,000 members. NOW is regarded as one of the main liberal feminist organizations in the US, and primarily lobbies for gender equality within the existing political system. NOW campaigns for constitutional equality, economic justice, reproductive rights, LGBTQIA+ rights, and racial justice, and against violence against women.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=664.0,1174.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCool Girls is an organization dedicated to the self-empowerment of girls living in Atlanta’s most vulnerable communities. The organization supports girls in all aspects of their development, addressing issues of racism, sexism, and economic inequality. They provide tuition-free life skills programs, host a weekly after-school club, and a one-to-one mentoring program. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=1234.0,1246.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSee annotation for the Atlanta Women's Foundation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=1253.0,1324.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Women's Foundation is an organization that advocates for women and girls in Clayton, Cobb, Dekalb, Fulton, and Gwinnett counties. Founded in 1988, the foundation amplifies the work of local nonprofits and raises funds for grants. The predecessor to the organization was the Atlanta Women's Fund. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=1253.0,1324.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBarbara Asher (1938-1995) was an Atlanta City Council member and businesswoman, who was instrumental in bringing the Olympics to Atlanta. Born in Marshfield, Wisconsin, she attended college at H. Sophie Newcomb Memorial College. After college, she moved to New York City to work for New York University for a few years, and while there, worked at Bloomingdale’s, where she met her husband, Norman Asher. Once married, the two left New York for Atlanta, where her husband had grown up. They had two children, Lee Asher and Helen Asher Dubow. She became involved with the National Council of Jewish Women, the Atlanta Women’s Network, and helped open the Grady Child Care Center. In 1974, Mayor Maynard Jackson appointed her to the city’s Zoning Review Board, and in 1977 she was elected to Atlanta City Council where she served for three terms. She is honored with a statue on the greenway of Marietta Street. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=1253.0,1324.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe League of Women Voters is a civic organization that was formed by Carrie Chapman Catt in 1920 to help women take a larger role in public affairs. It does not support or oppose candidates for office at any level of government but rather works to increase understanding of major public policy issues and to influence public policy through education and advocacy.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=1352.0,1653.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKathy Blee Ashe (b. 1946) is a former member of the Georgia House of Representatives, representing the 56th district from 1991 until 2012. She was first elected as a Republican but became a Democrat in early 2001. She graduated from Agnes Scott College in 1968, earned a Master of Arts in Teaching from Emory University, and did further graduate work at Georgia State University. She taught in the Marietta and Cobb County public schools from 1969 to 1977. She served as the Chair of the Fulton County House Delegation and is active in the Women’s Caucus. She also serves on the Boards of the Southeast Region of the Anti-Defamation League, Georgia Appleseed, Sisters By Choice, Junior League of Atlanta Advisory Board, Georgia Justice Project Advisory Board, and the Georgia Tech Research Institute. She married Lawrence Ashe in 1972, and they have two children.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=1352.0,1653.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCathy Woolard (b. 1957) was a member of the Atlanta City Council from 1998-2002 and President of the city council from 2002-2004. She was the first openly gay elected official in Georgia history and the first woman President of the city council. She ran for U.S. Congress in 2004 and Atlanta mayor in 2017.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=1352.0,1653.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMary Davis was a member of the Atlanta City Council, serving there for twenty years. She was first elected to the Atlanta City Council in 1978. She served on the Council until 1998. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=1352.0,1653.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAmerican Roadhouse was a restaurant in the Virginia-Highland area of Atlanta. After almost 30 years of operation, it closed in 2018, and Truva Turkish Kitchen took its place. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=1352.0,1653.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMichael Julian Bond was a member of the Atlanta City Council, first elected in 1993. Bond is the son of former Georgia State Senator and NAACP National Board Chairman Julian Bond and Alice Clopton Bond. He attended Frederick Douglass High School, Morehouse College, and received the certification for Senior Executives in State and Local Government from Harvard University’s John F. Kennedy School of Government. Bond has served as President Pro Tempore and Chairman of the Public Safety and Community Development committees. He has also served on the boards of the Ollie Street and Centennial Place YMCAs. He is an alumnus of Leadership Atlanta and a member of the St. James # 4 Prince Hall Masons. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=1352.0,1653.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHorace Julian Bond (1940-2015) was an American social activist and leader in the Civil Rights Movement, politician, professor and writer. While a student at Morehouse College in Atlanta, Georgia, during the early 1960s, he helped to establish the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). He was elected to four terms in the Georgia House of Representatives and later to six terms in the Georgia State Senate. He ran for the United States House of Representatives from Georgia’s 5th congressional district in 1986, when he lost the Democratic nomination in a runoff to rival civil rights leader John Lewis. From 1998 to 2010, he was chairman of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=1352.0,1653.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorgia Equality (previously the Georgia Equality Project) is the largest LGBTQ rights advocacy group in Georgia. Their mission is to advance fairness, safety and opportunity for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and allied communities in Georgia. Their work has included political endorsements, boycotts, protests, advertising campaigns, and lobbying. The group is based in Atlanta and was founded in 1995.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=1670.0,1716.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Human Rights Campaign (HRC) is an American LGBTQ advocacy group. It is the largest LGBTQ political lobbying organization in the United States. Based in Washington, D.C., the organization focuses on protecting and expanding rights for LGBTQ individuals, including advocating for same-sex marriage, anti-discrimination and hate crimes legislation, and HIV/AIDS advocacy. The organization has several legislative initiatives as well as supporting resources for LGBTQ individuals. It was founded in 1980 by Steve Endean. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=1670.0,1716.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMelita Easters is the Executive Director and Founding Chair of Georgia WIN List, the state’s leading PAC for electing pro-choice Democratic women. She is a former journalist and a regular panelist on The Georgia Gang, Atlanta’s longest-running public affairs program which airs Sunday Mornings on Fox 5. She graduated from the University of Georgia and served as press secretary for Roy Barnes during his first bid for governor. She served in leadership roles on numerous non-profit boards, including the Atlanta Women’s Foundation, the Atlanta International School, the Georgia Shakespeare Festival, and as board chair for UGA’s independent student newspaper The Red \u0026amp; Black. She received the National Council of Jewish Women’s 2021 Hannah G. Solomon Award for public service and was inducted into UGA’s Grady Fellowship in 2018. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=1887.0,1897.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorgia WIN List is a grassroots Political Action Committee (PAC) focused on recruiting, training, supporting, electing and re-electing Democratic women for statewide and legislative office who are committed to reproductive freedom and economic, educational, and legal equality for women. Since 2000, they have helped elect and re-elect more than 90 endorsed women, 49 of them currently serve in the Senate and the House. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=1887.0,1897.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJeff Justice is a certified professional speaker in the Atlanta area who hosts comedy and motivational speaking workshops. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=2010.0,2112.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Punchline is a comedy club that first opened in 1982 in Sandy Springs, Georgia and is now located in Atlanta, Georgia. The venue seats 270 people and presents shows five or more nights per week. The club has hosted comedians and other events. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=2010.0,2112.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eElaine Alexander (b. 1934) was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts and graduated from Lesley College. She is a political activist who is involved in various Jewish and feminist organizations. She is married to Miles Alexander, an attorney and they live in Atlanta, Georgia. Elaine and Miles have four children.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=2134.0,2245.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555/annotation_set/1461/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLeadership Atlanta, founded in 1972, is one of the nation’s oldest and most successful leadership training programs for young business, civic, and community leaders that have the desire and potential to work together for a better Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/134509/file/249555#t=2134.0,2245.0"}]}]}]}