{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/t14th8cf03/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Goldberg, Joel"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1994-02-23 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Audio"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eJoel Goldberg interviewed by Patty Maziar on February 23, March 14, and March 29, 1994 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eJoel Goldberg was born in Worcester, Massachusetts, in 1925 to Max and Rebecca Goldberg.  His father, born in London, England, came to United States when he was 18 months old.  His mother was from Lithuania.  His mother and father owned a bakery in Massachusetts and lived upstairs of the business.  Joel joined the U.S. Navy at the age of 17 and spent four years as a navy pilot during World War II.  After returning home, he earned his degree from Dartmouth College before starting his retail career with Filene's in Massachusetts.  He spent a year with a resident buying office in New York City, Associated Merchandising Corporation, before moving to Atlanta in 1954 to work in the women’s Fashion Store at Rich’s Department Store.  He held various positions at Rich’s as vice president and senior vice president, chairman of the board, and chief executive officer.  He was appointed president in 1971.   He was the sixth president of Rich’s.  He was the only non-Rich to hold that position.  He was also president of the Rich Foundation.  Joel’s career at Rich’s spanned 30 years.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJoel was also involved in the Atlanta business and civic community and served on numerous committees.  He was on the board of St. Joseph’s Hospital for twenty years and chairman of the board for six years.  He chaired the Georgia Heart Association and the Georgia Chapter of Red Cross.  He was on the board of Wesley Homes and numerous other organizations. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJoel was a member of The Temple and Ahavath Achim.  Joel helped found Temple Sinai, a Reform congregation in Atlanta, in 1968.  He married Carole Brockey in 1956.  They have three children and several grandchildren. \u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eJoel Goldberg talks about his retail career which began with Filene’s in Massachusetts.  He discusses his 30-year career with Rich’s Department Store, arriving in Atlanta in 1954 to work in the women’s Fashion Store.  He reflects on his first impressions of Rich’s and their liberal customer policies, their community involvement, and the valuable lessons he learned from Dick Rich.  He discusses in great detail of the history of Rich’s and the Rich family.  He describes Rich’s as a leader in business as well as a major philanthropic contributor to the community. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJoel talks about the creation of the Rich Foundation by Rich’s management in the mid-1940s and the foundation’s contribution to United Way and various other charities in the community.  Joel describes how the business gained tremendous recognition because of their civic contributions.  He describes Rich’s as also being a leader in generous policies, such as employee pensions, liberal return policies, and credit.  He talks about Rich’s issuing scrip during the Great Depression.  He describes how Rich's identified their store with the City of Atlanta, not only to advertise it as a Southern institution, but to make it just that.  He talks about the expansion of Rich’s outside of Atlanta and into other Southern cities.  He discusses the merger with Federated Department Stores in 1976 and the subsequent changes that resulted. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJoel recounts how he was involved with the desegregation within Rich’s and remembers the arrest of Martin Luther King, Jr., when he tried to enter the famous Magnolia Room.   He talks about business leaders in the City of Atlanta who were involved during the civil rights era.  Joel reflects on the transformation of the City of Atlanta since he first arrived 1954 in terms of growth and the business community’s involvement.  He discusses, in particular, leaders in the Atlanta Jewish community and their influence and involvement with civic, philanthropic, and cultural contributions to Atlanta. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJoel talks about being a member of both The Temple and Ahavath Achim.  He speaks of helping found Temple Sinai in 1968.   He mentions he put on tefillin every morning from his bar mitzvah until he went aboard ship in the Navy.  He reflects on his father’s influence on him and the great respect he has for him.  He tells how his father taught him to look for opportunity and not to be afraid to take chances.  He reflects on his father and Dick Rich who both greatly emphasized the importance of being involved.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJoel talks about his family and celebrating Passover.  He talks about meeting his wife at Rich’s and their marriage in 1956.  He speaks of his children and grandchildren.      \u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28508"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Goldberg, Joel (personal name)","Rich's (corporate name)","Rich's Department Store (corporate name)","department stores (topical term)","Atlanta, Ga (geographic term)","Federated Department Stores (corporate name)","Rich, Morris (personal name)","Neely, Frank (personal name)","Atlanta business (topical term)","Jewish businessmen (topical term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eJoel Goldberg interviewed by Patty Maziar on February 23, March 14, and March 29, 1994 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJoel Goldberg was born in Worcester, Massachusetts, in 1925 to Max and Rebecca Goldberg.  His father, born in London, England, came to United States when he was 18 months old.  His mother was from Lithuania.  His mother and father owned a bakery in Massachusetts and lived upstairs of the business.  Joel joined the U.S. Navy at the age of 17 and spent four years as a navy pilot during World War II.  After returning home, he earned his degree from Dartmouth College before starting his retail career with Filene's in Massachusetts.  He spent a year with a resident buying office in New York City, Associated Merchandising Corporation, before moving to Atlanta in 1954 to work in the women’s Fashion Store at Rich’s Department Store.  He held various positions at Rich’s as vice president and senior vice president, chairman of the board, and chief executive officer.  He was appointed president in 1971.   He was the sixth president of Rich’s.  He was the only non-Rich to hold that position.  He was also president of the Rich Foundation.  Joel’s career at Rich’s spanned 30 years.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJoel was also involved in the Atlanta business and civic community and served on numerous committees.  He was on the board of St. Joseph’s Hospital for twenty years and chairman of the board for six years.  He chaired the Georgia Heart Association and the Georgia Chapter of Red Cross.  He was on the board of Wesley Homes and numerous other organizations. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJoel was a member of The Temple and Ahavath Achim.  Joel helped found Temple Sinai, a Reform congregation in Atlanta, in 1968.  He married Carole Brockey in 1956.  They have three children and several grandchildren. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJoel Goldberg talks about his retail career which began with Filene’s in Massachusetts.  He discusses his 30-year career with Rich’s Department Store, arriving in Atlanta in 1954 to work in the women’s Fashion Store.  He reflects on his first impressions of Rich’s and their liberal customer policies, their community involvement, and the valuable lessons he learned from Dick Rich.  He discusses in great detail of the history of Rich’s and the Rich family.  He describes Rich’s as a leader in business as well as a major philanthropic contributor to the community. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJoel talks about the creation of the Rich Foundation by Rich’s management in the mid-1940s and the foundation’s contribution to United Way and various other charities in the community.  Joel describes how the business gained tremendous recognition because of their civic contributions.  He describes Rich’s as also being a leader in generous policies, such as employee pensions, liberal return policies, and credit.  He talks about Rich’s issuing scrip during the Great Depression.  He describes how Rich's identified their store with the City of Atlanta, not only to advertise it as a Southern institution, but to make it just that.  He talks about the expansion of Rich’s outside of Atlanta and into other Southern cities.  He discusses the merger with Federated Department Stores in 1976 and the subsequent changes that resulted. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJoel recounts how he was involved with the desegregation within Rich’s and remembers the arrest of Martin Luther King, Jr., when he tried to enter the famous Magnolia Room.   He talks about business leaders in the City of Atlanta who were involved during the civil rights era.  Joel reflects on the transformation of the City of Atlanta since he first arrived 1954 in terms of growth and the business community’s involvement.  He discusses, in particular, leaders in the Atlanta Jewish community and their influence and involvement with civic, philanthropic, and cultural contributions to Atlanta. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJoel talks about being a member of both The Temple and Ahavath Achim.  He speaks of helping found Temple Sinai in 1968.   He mentions he put on tefillin every morning from his bar mitzvah until he went aboard ship in the Navy.  He reflects on his father’s influence on him and the great respect he has for him.  He tells how his father taught him to look for opportunity and not to be afraid to take chances.  He reflects on his father and Dick Rich who both greatly emphasized the importance of being involved.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJoel talks about his family and celebrating Passover.  He talks about meeting his wife at Rich’s and their marriage in 1956.  He speaks of his children and grandchildren.      \u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/119/652/small/Joel_Golberg.png?1627123005","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Goldberg_Joel.mp3"]},"duration":12463.8302,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/119/652/small/Joel_Golberg.png?1627123005","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/119/652/original/Goldberg_Joel.mp3?1626700882","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mp3","duration":12463.8302,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Goldberg, Joel [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MAZIAR: Testing this tape again. The date is the 23rd of February. This is\nPatty Maziar. I am meeting with Mr. Joel Goldberg for the Oral History Project\nof the American Jewish Committee and National Council of Jewish Women. The date\nis February 23, 1994. We are meeting in Mr. Goldberg's office. The name on the\noffice door is the Rich Foundation.\n\nGOLDBERG: That's correct.\n\nMAZIAR: Maybe we should start there as a point of reference.\n\nGOLDBERG: Rich Foundation was created back in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the mid-1940s by the then\nmanagement of Rich's Inc. Rich's Department Stores. It was a foundation they set\nup whereby they took a portion of the profits from the company each year and put\nit in the foundation. That would then become their contribution to the\ncommunity, United Way or what have you, all the different ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"charities. There were\nmany of them. United Way happened to be the major one. When we merged with\nFederated Department Stores in 1976 some 33 years after the foundation was\nfounded, the foundation did not become part of the merger. We pulled the\nfoundation out. It is an independent foundation. Today, we aren't getting\ncontributions from anybody's profit. The growth of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"foundation has been\nthrough investments. It has grown substantially over that period of time. They\noriginally started off with a few thousand dollars. Today the foundation is in\nexcess of $29 million. By law, we're required to give away five percent each\nyear. We're giving away $1.2 million, roughly, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"right now.\n\nMAZIAR: How are you involved in that? Is there a board that makes these\ndecisions on investments?\n\nGOLDBERG: The board of trustees. I'm the president of the board. Only two of us\non the board today came out of Rich's. The others are individuals who we have\nchosen to put on the foundation based on the work they've done in the community.\nWe're a board of five right now.\n\nMAZIAR: How is it that it got started? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Had there been a tradition of giving to\nthe community?\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes. Walter Rich at one time was the head of Rich's, cousin of Dick\n[Richard] Rich. He was the one who started the foundation. As a matter of fact,\nhe went to the relatives within the community, members of the Rich family, and\nasked them if they would like to start a foundation. He said he would contribute\nsome money from the company, from the company's profits, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but asked if they would\neach like to put in an initial amount. I think three or four family members put\nin $1,000 a piece. It was not a unanimous decision that everybody would\nparticipate. It became a company project.\n\nMAZIAR: So, it was a combination of some family monies plus company monies.\n\nGOLDBERG: Plus the profits, a portion of profits out of the company each year.\nThe family money, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in truth, was pretty insignificant.\n\nMAZIAR: We'll just stop a minute. Unless you have a good piece of equipment,\nwhich this is not. Because I had some trouble with my last one.\n\nGOLDBERG: I think the next time I go to a meeting I'm going to say to them\nthey've got to improve the equipment you all have.\n\nMAZIAR: [Laughs] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Give us an allowance.\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes, if this is going to last for prosperity.\n\nMAZIAR: I think the transcripts last. These actually... they manage to come out\nfine. Did the original foundation come out of interest in participating in the\ncommunity and a vast variety of community projects or how did Rich's see its\nleadership in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the community at that time? I'm not familiar with Atlanta at that\nparticular moment in time and the philanthropy that was going on.\n\nGOLDBERG: Rich's was one of the major philanthropic contributors to the total\ncommunity. Anything that was going on in the community, charity wise, Rich's was\nalways involved and so that's how this came about. They not only created the\nfoundation, but they went to their employees and created an employee ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fund where\nthe employees could select what they wanted to give each year. As it turned out,\nover a period of years because of the number of agencies participating in United\nWay, United Way became the major recipient of it. Today, the amount we're giving\nUnited Way is maybe ten percent.\n\nMAZIAR: Were other companies as involved or did Rich's sort of take the lead?\n\nGOLDBERG: I would say back in those days, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rich's pretty much took the lead. It\nwas Rich's and the telephone company, Southern Bell, the [Georgia] Power\ncompany, Coca-Cola, and the major banks. The Trust Company and what was then\nFirst Atlanta, now Wachovia, and C\u0026S [Citizens and Southern National Bank]. They\nwere the major firms behind this entire drive of fundraising in the community.\nIt wasn't just... I mention United Way because it became, as it is today, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one of\nthe major fund drives that goes on in the comunity, but it involved all aspects\nof giving, cultural end of it. I mean, the [Atlanta] Arts Alliance, for example.\nDick Rich was a mainstay in creation of the Arts Alliance and the major funding\nthat was done shortly after the infamous Orly plane crash. They started major\nfundraising then. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Even today, we give to... we break up into four categories our\ngiving: cultural, welfare, health, and education. That's the way we classify our\ngiving. Health has become a major, major factor. Health today probably takes the\nlargest portion of our ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"total funds.\n\nMAZIAR: I notice that you've been on the board of St. Joseph's Hospital.\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes. I've been on the board. I was chairman of the board for six years\nfrom 1980 to 1986. I've been on the board 20 years now. Oddly enough, with all\nof my involvement in the community, much of it has been in the healthcare field.\nNot for any particular reason except that when I started, I just became\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fascinated with it. I mean, having spent an entire career in retailing, health\ncare just was a great fascination, being associated with doctors and all kind of\nmedical practitioners. I've have chaired the Georgia Heart Association [American\nHeart Association in Georgia]. I've chaired the Georgia Chapter of Red Cross\n[The Red Cross Georgia], which are of course health related, and St. Joseph's as\nwe've mentioned. I've been on the board of Wesley Homes. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Wesley Homes\nessentially is for the aged, but we also have a geriatric hospital, again, for\nthe aged. The geriatric hospital is relatively new. I've been on that board, in\nfact, I just came off. I've been on that for about 10-12 years.\n\nMAZIAR: They do some very nice work there.\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes.\n\nMAZIAR: It's very important work. I think families don't appreciate that until\nthey need ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that kind of service. When you think of medicine, medicine has come\nlate to understanding management skills. I'm wondering if that's what you felt\nyou were bringing to them or how you saw that when you first got involved, how\nyou saw they could use your skill that you were...\n\nGOLDBERG: The thing they seemed to be lacking was a business sense for running\ntheir businesses because, essentially, that's what they were. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In many cases in\nthe early days, they over spent on the fundraising end of it so that the amount\nof money that was given for actual charity purposes was a lot less than it could\nbe if they had more efficient ways of running campaigns. So, I brought a\nbusiness sense.\n\nMAZIAR: Are you talking about, specifically, the hospitals and their fundraising efforts?\n\nGOLDBERG: No, I would say more so of Red Cross and the Heart Association. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I\nthink I probably had more impact on them. Again, I was probably one of two\nbusinessmen on a 15-member hospital board back in the early 1970s. The rest of\nthem were Sisters of Mercy and physicians. I just brought a different kind of\nthought process ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the entire running of this business. They enjoyed me, and I\nenjoyed them. I feel I made a lot of impact. The fact that I got to the point of\nachieving the leadership roles, I think, obviously it meant something to them.\n\nMAZIAR: Yes. But they were very responsive to what you had to offer?\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes. I had a very unique experience at St. Joseph's. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I went on the\nboard in the early 1970s, as I said. Then in 1980 they asked me if I would be\nthe chairman of the board of the hospital. I sort of hesitated. I said, you\nknow, \"This is a Catholic hospital.\" He said, \"Well, we've already covered that.\nSisters are in favor of it. We've even talked to the archbishop, and the\narchbishop says, 'I like that fellow ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Goldberg. He'd make a fine chairman of the\nhospital.'\" Even though it is very much religion oriented, I fit in and had no\nproblem at all. The same thing with Wesley Homes. Wesley Homes is Methodist\nsponsored, and I've had no problem with that. I've enjoyed that association. I\nmean, there are Jewish people taking advantage of it. There are Jewish people\nliving at Wesley Homes today.\n\nMAZIAR: Sure. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You had some feeling, though, when you became involved with St.\nJoe's about how your Jewish background would be received because I think Atlanta\nhas been a provincial-thinking town.\n\nGOLDBERG: It has been.\n\nMAZIAR: For many, many years.\n\nGOLDBERG: I didn't find that at St. Joe's. I found that feeling in Atlanta.\nThere were a couple of Jewish doctors on the hospital board at the time. A large\nnumber of the hospital staff, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"medical staff, as it is today, are Jewish.\n\nMAZIAR: Currently?\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes.\n\nMAZIAR: St. Joe's used to be Intown?\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes.\n\nMAZIAR: I was hospitalized at St. Joe's two years ago, so I'm very familiar with it.\n\nGOLDBERG: Where the Marriott Marquis Hotel is right now.\n\nMAZIAR: Yes. Where it is located now is in an area where so many Jewish\nphysicians were at Northside [Hospital] and lived in the neighborhood.\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes. It was downtown. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The population was moving away from us, so we\ndecided to sell the property. We sold it to John Portman, who ultimately built\nthe hotel, and bought the property across the street from Northside Hospital.\nWhat you have today, on that complex up there, is three major hospitals:\nScottish Rite, Northside, and St. Joe's. In fact, we have combined efforts. We\nhave some ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"joint ventures going between the three hospitals. There are a\nsignificant number of Jewish people involved. Sid Kirschner, for example, who\ncame out of National Service Industries of business, is the chief executive\nofficer of Northside Hospital and fitting in beautifully and doing an excellent\njob. That wasn't my earliest venture into health care. The first thing I did\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after I arrived in Atlanta, the first community activity I did, I became a\nmember of the board of the old Jewish Home for Aged. In those days was on 14th\nStreet. I served on that board for about three or four years, something like\nthat. Then they ultimately moved out into their new location.\n\nMAZIAR: You've always had a penchant for becoming involved in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the communities\nwhere you've worked, or is that family inspired?\n\nGOLDBERG: Two inspirations, my father, alav ha-shalom. He always taught me that\ngrowing up. You make a living in this community, you have an obligation to put\nback into it. And then Dick Rich. When I came to Atlanta, Dick Rich... as I grew\nup at Rich's, he kind of took me under ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"his wing, and he put me in that\ndirection. He said, \"I've done it my whole retailing career.\" He said, \"I want\nyou to know that it is a major obligation on our part.\" Also, it reaps the\nbenefits. There's no question about it. He said, \"Rich's gains by the fact that\nwe are involved in the community.\" One of the things I set up while I was at\nRich's, was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a system whereby we, in communicating and with all our managers, all\nour senior level people, we talked to them about participating in community and\nkept a list of who was involved in what. As opportunities became available, we\nwould contact managers within the company saying, \"Here's a job. Would you like\nit?\" with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Red Cross, a hospital, the High Museum [of Art], or what have you.\nRich's people were throughout the community on that community service end of the\nbusiness. Not only did we do our share, but the company got benefits from it\nbecause the company got recognition. Rich's people are involved. That continues\nto this day.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MAZIAR: It sounds to me like you brought certain connotative values, just human\nvalues, that enriched people who worked there, that the sole focus wasn't on the\nbottom line.\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes. Not at all. One of the things that Dick preached to me, Dick\nRich, when he first started me on my extracurricular activities was, we pay our\nshareholders ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a reasonable return on their investment. The rest of it belongs in\nthe community.\n\nMAZIAR: That's remarkable.\n\nGOLDBERG: That's the way Rich's was run.\n\nMAZIAR: How did he get... was he a native Atlantan?\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes. His whole career was at Rich's.\n\nMAZIAR: How had he started out originally? Was he part of the family?\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes. He was part of the family. His mother was a Rich. So, he grew up\nin that same ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"atmosphere. As he moved up in his positions in the company, he had\nmore and more responsibility. Dick and I were the only two Jewish members in the\nhistory of the Atlanta Chamber of Commerce to preside, to be president of the\nChamber of Commerce, to this day, from its inception.\n\nMAZIAR: What was that like?\n\nGOLDBERG: Great experience. You know about the, we all do, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the clubs and\nthe discrimination and everything, but we didn't have that kind of thing. I\nwouldn't join it because of the policies they have, but I have no problem\ndealing with those people. They are people I dealt with there every day in the\nbusiness community, and we made major decisions about this community. At one\ntime, I was approached by one of the members of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those clubs who wanted to put my\nname up for membership. In the early days, that was sort of unheard of. This was\nback in the 1970s. I said, \"No. That's not what I want.\"\n\nMAZIAR: Did he approach you because he felt the time was right and not to make\nan issue out of it?\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes.\n\nMAZIAR: You felt like you didn't want to be involved?\n\nGOLDBERG: It wasn't anything I wanted. It was for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"somebody else to do. I chaired\nthe Chamber of Commerce, as I said. I was on the executive committee of Central\nAtlanta Progress. I was very much involved with much of the major things that\nwere being done downtown in terms of growth.\n\nMAZIAR: From what I understand, Atlanta has been able to overcome many of the\ndifficulties because of its business approach to things: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Whatever is good for\nbusiness is good for Atlanta.\n\nGOLDBERG: You have to realize, if you go back and look at Atlanta, historically,\nin the post-World War II period, the 1950s, 1960s, the town was run by the\ncommunity. I'm sorry, the town was run by the business community. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mayor\n[William] Hartsfield had been in office for years and years and years, and when\nHartsfield got out, Ivan Allen, [Jr.], who was a very prominent businessman,\nIvan Allen, Jr., became the next mayor. The same companies that I mentioned\nearlier in the philanthropic thrust, were the people who dominated the business\ncommunity and made all the decisions, the good decisions, for the things that\nwere happening here. They were always very community oriented. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That was: Rich's,\nthe three banks, the telephone company, the power company, and Coca-Cola. I can\nremember sitting in in my early days of involvement with a cigar with Mr.\n[Robert W.] Woodruff, who was sort of the dean of all of us, listening to him\nsaying, \"We've got to take care of this community. We've got to do this. We've\ngot to do that.\" He was right on top of it.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MAZIAR: When was it that the desegregation situation really hit downtown? How\nwere you involved with that?\n\nGOLDBERG: I was kind of a kid in the business. I came to Rich's in 1954. A few\nyears later... I came here as a women's dress buyer. I was on the beginning\nladder of upper management. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the first things I ran into... I was standing\nin front of the dining room, the famous Magnolia Room, when Martin Luther King,\nJr., was arrested for trying to go into the dining room.\n\nMAZIAR: Did you know that was going to take place? Was that a staged event?\n\nGOLDBERG: No. It was not staged at all. I stood there with my mouth open\nwatching this go on. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then, [I] came to work one morning, and the two buildings\nthat are downtown... Rich's, as you may recall, a Store for Homes and a Store\nfor Fashion. I was pulling in a parking garage. I looked down the street, and\nthere was the Ku Klux Klan marching around the Store for Homes and the black\npopulation of Atlanta marching around the Store for Fashion. Most incredible\nexperience I've ever had [was] to walk through that and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"walk into the store.\nThat was my early introduction. That was in the early 1960s. I would say Ivan\nAllen had more to do with the conditions of things in Atlanta. \"The city too\nbusy to hate,\" and that sort of thing. In fact, we didn't have some of the\nproblems that Newark, New Jersey, had and a lot of the other cities that we know.\n\nMAZIAR: What did Rich's eventually do ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about desegregating the main dining room?\n\nGOLDBERG: We did.\n\nMAZIAR: Do you recall what happened or how it came about?\n\nGOLDBERG: We had an executive committee meeting and said tomorrow morning it changes.\n\nMAZIAR: You handled it right on the spot?\n\nGOLDBERG: Oh, yes.\n\nMAZIAR: You were able to be that responsive to a problem?\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes. My first day in the store, there were two water faucets. One for\n\"whites\" and one for \"colored.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All of that went. It was part of their heritage\nthere, the people who created the business and worked there.\n\nMAZIAR: What did you think when you moved to Atlanta because you had been in the\nNortheast your entire earlier years, hadn't you?\n\nGOLDBERG: I didn't think they wore shoes down here.\n\nMAZIAR: Oh. [Laughs]\n\nGOLDBERG: I thought they were real country.\n\nMAZIAR: What the tape recorder cannot see is the smile on your face ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when you are\nsaying that. [Laughs] You're not the first person to say that.\n\nGOLDBERG: Atlanta has become a very cosmopolitan city and has an air of\nsophistication about it today that it did not have back in the 1950s and 1960s.\nIt was kind of a country town, but the growth was dynamic.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MAZIAR: I think people did see the South as being poor and people not wearing\nshoes and that kind of thing, but what did you think of the mental life down\nhere? What was your notion about what the mental life was like and how people\napproached problems?\n\nGOLDBERG: It was very much self-centered. People were clannish. Everybody was\noff ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into their little group. There was no great interest in the community as a\nwhole, even the surrounding towns. Marietta wanted nothing to do with Atlanta.\nDecatur wanted nothing to do with Atlanta, except, they were more mixed because\nAtlanta was part of both of them. The small towns, the Chamblees and the College\nParks and those, they wanted no part of Atlanta.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MAZIAR: Because of the racial problems?\n\nGOLDBERG: Because of the racial problem. Because of the racial mix of what they\nsaw happening because the white flight started. They saw what was happening in\nthe schools. The era of desegregation coming, school busing, and all that sort\nof thing. They were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very provincial in their thinking. They thought they'd never\nbe part of it. This would be Atlanta and they could close Atlanta off, but it\neffected every one of us. All were brought into it.\n\nMAZIAR: It's still evident because Cobb County won't have rapid transit because...\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes. That's right. There's still some of that kind of thinking going\non. But you had some people of Mr. Woodruff's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"caliber and Ivan Allen, Jr. I\ncan't say that strongly enough.\n\nMAZIAR: What was he like?\n\nGOLDBERG: Just a real human. I mean, he had a great feel for the city and for\nthe people in it, and all kinds of people. I remember watching him when there\nwas a gathering of black people during ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one of the upsets going on. I was there\nwatching him when he went down to confront them and find out what it was all\nabout. [He] stood up on top of an automobile parked on the street trying to talk\nto them. They were rocking the car. But he managed. He managed to do it. He\nmanaged to calm them down. He managed to get them to listen to reason. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think\nhe had a great deal to do with the calm that went on in this city at the time\nthat there was a tragic devastation going on in some major cities of the United States.\n\nMAZIAR: It's often remarkable to me that in times of crisis there will be a\ngroup of people who can rise, who somehow just are there at the right moment who\nseem to bring the skill ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and understanding to...\n\nGOLDBERG: Let me tell you. Patty, let me tell you something unique about Atlanta\nand very few people know about this. I was privileged to belong to a group\ncalled the Action Forum. The Action Forum was made up of about 12 to 14 whites\nand 12 to 14 blacks. The whites were essentially ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those of us in the business\ncommunity. A couple of lawyers involved. That was about it. The rest were out of\nthe business community, the same ones I've mentioned: the banks, Rich's, Coke,\nand the utilities, and then the same number of blacks. We used to meet every\nSaturday morning ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at about eight in the morning. We would discuss the issues\nbefore the city. Then this group became the catalyst without any publicity of\ngoing out and seeing that things went in the direction that we felt was\nappropriate. The Action Forum still exists today, incidentally.\n\nMAZIAR: Really? How did it get formed? Who took the initiative to...\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GOLDBERG: Mills B. Lane, Jr., and...\n\nMAZIAR: He was with C\u0026S Bank?\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes. He was [president] with C\u0026S Bank. Jesse Hill, Jr., was involved\nin the black community and Herman [J.] Russell. I think the thing sort of built\naround them. They talked to a handful of us. The next thing, it jelled into this\ngroup of some 24. At various times ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maynard Jackson was on it. We've had black\ndoctors on it. We've had black lawyers. We've had black educators.\n\nMAZIAR: How do people get involved in that? Do they need to be asked to be a\npart of it?\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes. They're invited. They're invited by... this was all a downtown\nsort of business group and involved more than business people. We had the head\nof the Urban League [of Greater Atlanta]. Local head of the Urban League was a\nvery prominent member and a very good friend of mine, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a fellow by the name of\nLyndon Wade. Many of the blacks that were involved were of social service\norganizations or educators out of the university complex because the only real\nbusinessmen you had back in those days were Jesse Hill and Herman Russell, and\nthat was it. We started adding a few more as ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta started to grow.\n\nMAZIAR: Black activists weren't involved, though?\n\nGOLDBERG: No, they were not.\n\nMAZIAR: Did you know Martin Luther King?\n\nGOLDBERG: I just met him one time. I knew his daddy very well. His daddy was one\nof my favorites. He used to come to the store, come to my office and visit.\nDexter, who was Martin's son, used to come to my house to play with my youngest\nson. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I remember the first time that happened. They were both at [The] Galloway\nSchool together.\n\nMAZIAR: My kids are at Galloway.\n\nGOLDBERG: Is that right? I was chairman of the board at Galloway.\n\nMAZIAR: Need a whole hour to discuss about that.\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes.\n\nMAZIAR: That was when Galloway just got started. But we'll get into that later.\n\nGOLDBERG: One day, my wife [Carole Brockey Goldberg] received a call from Mrs.\n[Coretta Scott] King. She said, \"Dexter has come home, and he has been invited\nby ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"your son to come to your house after school tomorrow to play. I'm trying to\nfind out where Dexter is going.\"\n\nMAZIAR: They were high school age, is that right?\n\nGOLDBERG: No, they were grammar school age, late grammar school. She did a lot\nof checking on me. I mean, she knew I was head of... I think I was the general\nmerchandise manager at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rich's in those days. After school, Carole went to\nGalloway and picked up Jimmy and picked up Dexter. They came home and played.\nThey were great friends. That was our first experience with the King family.\nMany times when we would have some problems at Rich's, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"employee problems, I\nwould call Dr. King, visit with him and he was...\n\nMAZIAR: The senior Dr. King?\n\nGOLDBERG: Senior, yes. He was just a fabulous man. We had problems at Rich's. In\n1973, that's just a couple years after I became president, our black employees\nwalked out. Went on strike. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That was quite an experience.\n\nMAZIAR: What happened?\n\nGOLDBERG: Hosea Williams got hold of some information that our hiring practices\nwere discriminatory. We had hired a... we had some black people working in the\npersonnel department, but we had hired a new young man. He had gotten into some\nrecords and went to Hosea Williams, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ostensibly, with records that showed that we\nwere in fact discriminating. Hosea called a meeting at the Wheat Street Baptist\nChurch and pulled some of our black employees out. Then he pulled more out, and\nhe pulled more out. Pretty soon, he had about half of them out. All our truck\ndrivers went on strike. Over a period of about, I think, about five weeks, I\nused to go to the various ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"churches and meet with them. Hosea provided some\nmanifesto of all the gimmicky things that he felt needed to be changed.\n\nMAZIAR: But you personally took charge of the situation?\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes.\n\nMAZIAR: Because, I guess, these were very new situations that had never been\ndealt with before, and people really had to come up with innovative ways of...\n\nGOLDBERG: It was difficult. It was scary.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MAZIAR: Were you concerned with your personal safety?\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes. Oh, yes. I'll give you an example of that. You let me know if\nwe're getting to the point of time expiring.\n\nMAZIAR: Sure. Just a note on that. I usually find that after about an hour and\n15 minutes, people begin to get a little tired. We'll probably break at around\n11:20-ish. We'll see how we're doing.\n\nGOLDBERG: All right, fine. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In 1973-1972, about six months before this happened,\nI went to Dick Rich and said, \"It is high time we put a black on the board. We\ndon't have any females. We don't have any blacks. And we should be moving.\"\nThere weren't any in the business community. I don't care what you hear\nelsewhere, Rich's was the first business ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Atlanta, in the downtown Atlanta\nbusiness community, to put a black on board. We put Jesse Hill on. When this\nwhole thing erupted with employees, Jesse was put in a very difficult position.\nThat's what made me turn to Dr. King, Sr., to sort of be our advisor. He helped\nus. He helped us immeasurably. In about four or five weeks ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the whole thing dissipated.\n\nMAZIAR: Do you recall what he did? Did he come and talk to the employees or did\nhe go to his church?\n\nGOLDBERG: No. He came and talked to me. He told me the sort of things he thought\nwe ought to be doing, the activities we ought to take. But you were talking\nearlier about the personal safety.\n\nMAZIAR: Right.\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes. They marched on my father-in-law's house [Harold Brockey]. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My\nfather-in-law was chairman of the board of Rich's at that time. Dick was\nchairman of the executive committee when this happened. They marched right out\nto his house. They took a bus out to his house and marched up his driveway.\n\nMAZIAR: Did the Ku Klux Klan also march or just...\n\nGOLDBERG: No. No, we never saw any of them at our residences. For a while, we\nhad security around our house 24 hours a day. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They'd go to school with my kids.\nBring my kids home, that sort of thing. There was a real concern because of what\nwe had seen gone on in other communities. To show you the kind of thinking that\nI wasn't as careful as I should have been, in the midst of this whole thing...\nthis strike was about maybe two and a half weeks old. I got a phone call from a\nman who identified himself as ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one of Hosea's group. He was becoming disenchanted\nwith what Hosea was doing because they would meet at the Wheat Street Baptist\nChurch each night and Hosea would pass out the plate because everybody\ncontributed whatever, some kind of money. This fellow claimed that Hosea was\npocketing the money. So he became disenchanted. He said he wanted to, for a fee,\ncome work for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"our side and kind of advise us on what was going on. It's really a\nstrange story. This story has not been told many times before. He would go to\ntheir meetings at night and then he would come inform us during the day as to\nwhat was going on.\n\nMAZIAR: That was his proposal?\n\nGOLDBERG: That was his proposal. So I set up a date to meet him at the old\nMarriott Hotel. He told me ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how he was dressed. I called Dick Storma [sp], a\nfriend of mine who was the manager of the Marriott Hotel in those days. I said,\n\"Dick, I need a room for about an hour.\" He said, \"You've got it.\" I went to the\nMarriott Hotel, and I took my executive vice president with me, a fellow by the\nname of Alvin Ferst, and met this fellow. He was in the lobby. Had a briefcase\nunder his arm. We started talking ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I introduced Mr. Ferst. I said, \"Alvin, go\non back to the store. I think everything is fine.\" I had the key to the room. We\nwent off to the room. We sat there. We're talking. He proceeded to tell me what\nhe was proposing. As the conversation was about to end, he says, \"You know,\nyou've got a lot of guts,\" he said to me. I said, \"Why?\" He says, \"You don't\nknow what I've got in this briefcase.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He opened the briefcase, and he had a .45\ncaliber gun. A pistol.\n\nMAZIAR: And you were a perfect candidate.\n\nGOLDBERG: He said, \"You didn't know me and yet you had the, whatever you want to\ncall it, to come here and meet with me and listen.\" So we talked, and that was\nabout the end of the conversation. He soon disappeared from town. We don't know\nwhatever happened to him. Anyway, subsequently, Hosea used to go on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"radio at\nnight after he got through with his meetings at the Wheat Street Baptist Church.\nMy wife and I used to tune in on it to hear about the Rich's activities. One\nnight we're lying in bed and Hosea comes on, and he starts talking about Rich's.\nHe says, \"Mr. Goldberg, I know you're lying in bed listening to me.\" With that,\nI almost went right through the ceiling. I mean, what a weird feeling. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To hear\nthis man on radio talking about me while I'm lying in bed. We subsequently ended\nthe whole thing. We shook hands and everything was fine. The employees, the bulk\nof the employees, came back to work. From then on, we had no problem.\n\nMAZIAR: I guess Atlanta was so small that people really just operated ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on trust\nand alliances that had been built over time.\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes.\n\nMAZIAR: And even within the black community, there was a certain expectation\nthere and everybody sort of knew their role to play. And when that changed...\n\nGOLDBERG: That's what I was trying to get into earlier. I'm sorry, I got away\nfrom it.\n\nGOLDBERG: I was starting to tell you earlier. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Back in the 1950s and well into\nthe 1960s, there was a handful of businessmen who literally made the decisions\nin town. You know, what was good for the city.\n\nMAZIAR: And what was good for them.\n\nGOLDBERG: It was obviously good for them. It was Mr. Woodruff and subsequently\nhis successor, [J.] Paul Austin. As I said, the heads of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"telephone company,\nthe power company, three banks, and Rich's. At one time, it was Dick Rich and\nthen Harold Brockey and then myself [who] moved into those roles over that\n20-year period. That's all it was. I mean, it was about eight or ten of us. We\nwere virtually the catalyst for everything that was happening. All of us were\nmembers of the Atlanta Action Forum that I was talking about earlier. We met\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with these black representatives, and we would come to a consensus on what\nneeded to be done. Then we would all go out as individuals and put our efforts\nbehind it. Never a mention of the Action Forum or this group that had gotten\ntogether. Changed completely. I mean, that was a generation and a half ago.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Today, you don't have that anymore. There is not that leadership that is so\nsmall that it's eight or ten or twelve people. The community has grown so large\nthat you've got all kinds of groups today and all kinds of leaders. Within the\nbusiness community, you've got the Central Atlanta Progress, the Chamber of\nCommerce, this Midtown group, this Buckhead Coalition ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that Sam Massell, Jr. is\nthe director of, former mayor of the city. You've got all kinds of different\nleadership. You've got stronger businesses today, and it isn't so much that it's\nthe CEO of the company who is out there spearheading this anymore. Today, there\nare eight, ten, twelve people from a single company. They'll be working in\nvarious facets of community service. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You don't have this handful of leadership\nanymore. I don't think we ever will have again.\n\nMAZIAR: What do you feel about that?\n\nGOLDBERG: I think it had to evolve. I think, eight, ten, twelve guys couldn't\nrun Atlanta forever, and I mean literally run Atlanta. It had to be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more\nencompassing in terms of involvement of more people. You can see that with the\nOlympics today. I know the Olympics is a different sort of situation, but there\nare going to be, thousands, literally thousands of people involved in it. You\nhave the same kind of thing today. In United Way, there used to be a few\ndominant people in it. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Today, there's a vast leadership. In the Arts Alliance,\nback in Dick Rich's days, he ran the Arts Alliance. Today, there's lots of\nleadership in the Arts Alliance. There isn't any one or two or three people.\nSomewhat the same kind of thing in the black community. The black community used\nto be Jesse Hill and Herman Russell. When businesses started looking for black\npeople to put on their boards, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it was Jesse Hill and Herman Russell. And Herman\nRussell and Jesse Hill.\n\nMAZIAR: We are talking about how Atlanta had moved from a very small group of\npeople sort of running everything, the arts community, the business community,\nand being very influential in politics, to Atlanta really becoming more\ndemocratized and how power has become, I guess, more available or involvement\nhas become more available to people. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If we could diverge just a second, and how\nthat has affected the Jewish community. When I came to Atlanta, and even the\nperiod of time I have lived here, it seems to me that there has been more\ninvolvement of Jews in the arts community, but this was quite slow in coming and\nit's really required a concerted effort. Whereas, it's quite different in other\ncommunities. I don't know whether that's a holdover from the sort of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"exclusive\nnature Atlantans feel or just because the Jewish community has never really been\nthat large in Atlanta, certainly not as large as Chicago [Illinois] or New York\nor Boston [Massachusetts].\n\nGOLDBERG: I'll try to answer that for you. There was not in those early days,\nI'm talking about the involvement of the Jewish community in the cultural\ninterests of Atlanta, for example. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think part of it is that country club\nmentality that was going on all along. I think part of it was the fact that Jews\ndid not seek it. They weren't comfortable doing it. I was on the board of the\nHigh Museum 25 years ago, and then rolled off and became even more active back\nin the 1980s. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But there weren't any Jewish people in those days. Subsequently,\nyou've seen a dramatic change. I sat on the nominating committee of the High\nMuseum and insisted. There were a couple of names who were prominent in the art\nfield who really deserved to be on there. And eventually it happened. The\nearliest I can remember of any real leadership position is a fellow by the name\nof ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Goldross [sp], who at one time was president of the Atlanta Symphony\n[Orchestra]. And the Arts Alliance, Dick Rich was one of the founding fathers.\nThere were a handful of Jews involved, but not a lot of them. There weren't a\nlot of them. There weren't Jewish bankers. There weren't Jewish people in the\nutilities or at the head of Coca-Cola. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was at Rich's, and so that sort of\nbecame our position to get involved.\n\nMAZIAR: I guess so much socializing goes on.\n\nGOLDBERG: Tremendous amount of socializing. In more recent years as the\ncommunity grew, and this was true of hospitals, health organizations, and all\nthat sort of thing. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Today, it's different. You see the Bernie Marcuses involved.\nErwin Zaban. Erwin Zaban and I.M. Weinstein headed NSI [National Service\nIndustries] for many, many years and were not involved in the outside community.\nThey were involved in the Jewish community, and very strongly so. If you look at\ntoday, in the last five-six years, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Erwin... I guess Milton [Weinstein] has\nretired, but Erwin Zaban is very actively involved in a lot of these activities.\nAnd his wife is.\n\nMAZIAR: Yes, I know. To me, it's fascinating that both the director of the High\nMuseum and our orchestra conductor are both Jewish. But, really, Atlanta allowed\nthat to happen. People were judged on their talent, but that must have had an\nimpact on the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"social dynamics that go on in those organizations.\n\nGOLDBERG: Atlanta finally grew up. The search committees of those two\norganizations, literally, they literally put all of that aside, that nonsense\naside, their upbringing, their social backgrounds and everything, and they went\nout and found the best available.\n\nMAZIAR: How were they able to do that?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GOLDBERG: They came. They did a thorough job of research, and they came back and\nsold and sold it well. They had a good story to tell. And it was very well accepted.\n\nMAZIAR: So the leadership of those boards were able to have the vision and could\nsell it.\n\nGOLDBERG: Very much so. Very much so. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Twenty years ago, that would have never happened.\n\nMAZIAR: I think Yoel Levi is not private about his Jewishness. In fact, I think\nin his opening concert he did something that was very specifically Jewish. It\nwas either he played Romanian music or he played something by a Jewish composer.\nI forget exactly what it was, but it was clearly a statement that he was\nbringing his heritage and making a statement to the community.\n\nGOLDBERG: I think that's very true. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ned Rifkin is very much a part of that whole\nsocial meilleur of those...\n\nMAZIAR: Artsy.\n\nGOLDBERG: That artsy group, that Piedmont Driving Club, Capital City Club group.\nHe fits in very well. They love him. He's got a great talent and so does Yoel.\nThey belong exactly where they are. Twenty years ago, those two people, if those\njobs were open, probably would have never been ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"considered for them.\n\nMAZIAR: They would be in Chicago or Boston.\n\nGOLDBERG: Unfortunately. We've grown. We, literally, have grown in all facets. I\nthink one of the things that has contributed to it is those of us who came from\nelsewhere. I mean, literally. Over 50 percent of Atlanta today is made up of\npeople who have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"migrated from elsewhere, much of us from the Northeast and the\nMidwest, and there's still a big drawing card.\n\nMAZIAR: Did you live in Buckhead when you had your home?\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes. I live there right now.\n\nMAZIAR: I presumed that you may have changed homes. I don't know.\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes. I can give you that.\n\nMAZIAR: Where did you live?\n\nGOLDBERG: I came to Atlanta and I had an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"apartment off of 28th Street. I got\nmarried and I moved to Sandy Springs for my first home.\n\nMAZIAR: That's what most people from the Northeast do.\n\nGOLDBERG: Where the Kmart now sits on Roswell Road, my house was...\n\nMAZIAR: I hope they bought your house!\n\nGOLDBERG: I went to court to fight. I lived on the street right behind and went\nto court to fight to get a buffer, a 100 foot buffer. The judge looked down at\nme ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and said, \"Young man, you'll get 50 feet.\" From there, then I moved back in\ntoward Conway Forest Drive off Jett Road, the Chastain Park area. The next time\nI built myself a house off of West Paces [Ferry], up Randall Mill, in Randall\nRidge. Six years ago, I sold that. All the chickens had flown the coop, and my\nwife and I were alone. We moved in to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a townhouse on Peachtree [Road] right\nbelow West Wesley [Road]. We've sort of been in the Buckhead area for the last\nseveral years. My wife came from New Jersey when she was about 10, 11 years old.\nShe spent most of her life in Buckhead.\n\nMAZIAR: Where did her family have their home?\n\nGOLDBERG: Ridgewood Road.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MAZIAR: That was still in the Jewish...\n\nGOLDBERG: Up toward the end of...\n\nMAZIAR: Right where the Jewish...\n\nGOLDBERG: Out toward the end of West Wesley.\n\nMAZIAR: Right.\n\nGOLDBERG: No, Ridgewood Road wasn't so much.\n\nMAZIAR: Ridgewood?\n\nGOLDBERG: Not too far away was that whole Margaret Mitchell development.\n\nMAZIAR: Right.\n\nGOLDBERG: That really came after they had been living there for many years. That\nwas a later development.\n\nMAZIAR: The only reason I bring that up, just on a personal note.\n\nMAZIAR:... comfortable living out there.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GOLDBERG: Even that has changed in terms of neighborhoods. There were\nneighborhoods where they wouldn't sell to Jewish people back in the 1940s,\n1950s, 1960s. I think even into the 1970s. But it's changed. Atlanta has gone\nthrough a very dramatic cultural change.\n\nMAZIAR: It is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"quite interesting. Did people ask you about your Jewishness in the\nbeginning? Did you ever get the sense that there was some discomfort about that?\n\nGOLDBERG: No.\n\nMAZIAR: Never asked you what church you belonged to?\n\nGOLDBERG: No. See, that's what surprised me, the fact that... maybe it shouldn't\nhave surprised me because Dick Rich sort of preceded me and they knew he was\nJewish. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But becoming president of the Atlanta Chamber of Commerce and some of\nthese other leadership roles because there were no other Jews involved. There\njust weren't any other Jews involved except what came out of Rich's. But that\nwhole thing has changed.\n\nMAZIAR: So you really set the tenor. You must have been very aware of that,\nabout really setting that leadership example and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how the company would be\nperceived but also how Jews in positions of influence would be perceived.\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes. Very much so. But at the same time, we weren't involved. We, I'm\ntalking about the Rich's executives, weren't involved that much in the Jewish\ncommunity. Dick wasn't. My father-in-law wasn't. As I said, I did. In the early\ndays, I was on the Jewish Home.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MAZIAR: How was it that they weren't involved?\n\nGOLDBERG: They were so involved in the downtown business community, their whole\nlife revolved around it. They belonged to the country club, but they weren't\nthat active in it. I was probably a first generation that came along behind them\nwho ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a member of the Standard Club, the so-called Jewish country club, was\nactively involved in almost day-to-day participation because I played golf out\nthere. While neither one of them were really athletically inclined to the point\nwhere if they used the club, they used it for a social function. A Saturday\nnight party or something like that. I got to know a lot of people who were\ninvolved ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Jewish activities in town and would hear about it all the time in\naddition to what I was doing. I've served on [The Jewish] Federation [of Greater\nAtlanta] and things like that.\n\nMAZIAR: Were you involved in Jewish activities growing up and your family?\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes. In my synagogue back home. Youth group and that kind of thing,\nbut I went away at a very early age. I enlisted in the [United States] Navy when\nI was 17 years old. I came out when I was 21. Finished college. Went to work. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"By\nthat time I was full grown. I left a baby and came back a young man and seeking\nto build a career at that point. My synagogue involvement was, I mean my Jewish\ninvolvement, was very limited. It was primarily with the synagogue with the\nyouth group and that kind of thing. I went through bar mitzvah. One of the\nunique things about me, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I guess I can brag about this, I put on tefillin\nfrom my bar mitzvah until I went aboard ship in the Navy. That was a long time.\n\nMAZIAR: Yes.\n\nGOLDBERG: I had shipmates of mine who used to stand there in the morning and\nwatch me put tefillin on.\n\nMAZIAR: Every morning you would do this?\n\nGOLDBERG: Every morning of my life. [The] whole time I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Navy until we\ngot into combat activity. Then I...\n\nMAZIAR: Had your father done this?\n\nGOLDBERG: No. But my father kind of showed me the way.\n\nMAZIAR: That must have meant a lot to you.\n\nGOLDBERG: It did. It really did.\n\nMAZIAR: What do you think was going on?\n\nGOLDBERG: It was something I enjoyed doing. It wasn't a task. It wasn't a labor.\nIt was something I was taught to do and the day ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my bar mitzvah was over, it\nwasn't something I felt I wanted to dispose of. I actually enjoyed that\nsolitude, that period of meditation. All my friends knew I did it. I didn't have\nany other friends who were inclined that way. They were religious in their own\nway. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's something I just thoroughly enjoyed.\n\nMAZIAR: You've always had this spiritual sense.\n\nGOLDBERG: I think so. When I came to Atlanta, I sought to participate. I ran\ninto a lady by the name of Mary Dwoskin, part of the Dwoskin family. She had\nbeen on the board of the Jewish Home for many, many years. She encouraged me to\nget involved. That was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my first Jewish involvement. Subsequently, I was looking\nfor some place to affiliate. Carole and I had met and we were talking about\ngetting married. She and her family belonged to The Temple. I was raised\nOrthodox, eventually became a Conservative congregation in Worcester,\nMassachusetts. I was more comfortable ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the AA [Ahavath Achim]. As a matter of\nfact, I remember taking Carole when we were first courting to the AA during High\nHoly Days services. It was like a different world to her. We decided to get\nmarried, and I wanted to have an aufruf. I was going to my home town, going back\nup to Massachusetts to my synagogue to do this. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I needed to learn. It had been\nyears since my bar mitzvah. I got the cantor at the Ahavath Achim to teach me my\nmaftir. He recorded it all, and I played it over and over and over again.\n\nMAZIAR: You went back and did your bar mitzvah portion?\n\nGOLDBERG: That I did. We got married. We were married by Rabbi [Harry] Epstein.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I joined the AA. We were married at the Standard Club by Rabbi Epstein and Rabbi\n[Jacob] Rothschild. Rabbi Rothschild did like a little sermonette. Subsequently,\nwe had children. My children were growing. I wanted them to be bar mitzvahed.\nTemple did not have bar mitzvah.\n\nMAZIAR: Right.\n\nGOLDBERG: Under no circumstances would ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rabbi Rothschild ever have bar mitzvahs.\nI was one of ten young Jewish fathers who all pretty much felt the same way, and\nwe formed Temple Sinai. That's how Temple Sinai came about, because some of the\nten of us were kind of discouraged. We wanted to practice Reform Judaism because\nof our spouses or for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one reason or another. The Temple didn't provide us with\nthe kind of Judaism we were looking for. I guess that's the way most of us in\nthat group of ten would have summed it up. So we started Temple Sinai, and we\nhired Rabbi [Richard] Lehrman, who had been at The Temple as assistant. It grew\nlike wildfire. As a matter of fact, today they are talking about expanding it\nfrom... they've had a limitation of some 400 odd families. I think they're going\nto 600. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But eight or ten Reform congregations did that. Anyway, I was active and\nI became the third president of Temple Sinai. Enjoyed it thoroughly. Then I lost\nmy father in, I think it was around 1970. I wanted a place to go say Kaddish\nevery day. There wasn't any place ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"except the AA. I went to the AA every morning,\nevery afternoon, seven days a week. I wasn't a member. I just participated.\n\nMAZIAR: And Helen Cavalier took care of you just the same.\n\nGOLDBERG: That she did. It came to the point where they asked me to conduct\nservices, and I could do that. The morning service is a little tougher. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a\nlittle long, but I can do [unintelligible] any time. No problem at all. I did\nthat for the entire year. But about six months into the year, I went to the\nrabbi and I said, \"I want to join.\" I had dropped out after we had kids. We had\njoined the Temple and created Temple Sinai. He said, \"You don't have to feel\nobligation at all. You're welcome here any ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time you want to.\" I said, \"No. I\nthink it's only right.\" So I did. I rejoined the AA. I finished out my year.\nThey used to have some great celebrations over there, birthday. You may have\nheard about their famous birthdays. Saturday festivities and that kind of thing.\nI always participated. At one time, I belonged to the AA, The Temple, and Temple\nSinai, all three.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MAZIAR: You just like to support a lot of Jewish organizations.\n\nGOLDBERG: My wife and I joined The Temple as sort of associate members because\nof my membership in Sinai. But we've become very active in The Temple now. Just\nmade a major contribution in memory of my in-laws who have both passed away in\nthe last couple of years. There was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rothschild Institute at The Temple [Rabbi\nM. Jacob Rothschild Institute for Social Justice]. As of this Saturday night,\nFriday night, it will become known as the Brockey-Rothschild Institute, named\nafter my mother-in-law and father-in-law. We're participating in that kind of\nthing. I've gotten involved with Genesis Shelter, which is going to be at The\nTemple in the new building, that sort of thing.\n\nMAZIAR: That's for women and newborns.\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes. I've been out fundraising for it. Now, I'm trying to get some\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lights donated for the interior of the building.\n\nMAZIAR: I think The Temple has always stood out for its social action\ncommitment. It has always provided Jews who want to make a commitment to the\ncommunity in the broader sense the opportunity to do that.\n\nGOLDBERG: Absolutely.\n\nMAZIAR: The other synagogues have been much slower to do that.\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes, they have been.\n\nMAZIAR: Although AA has a very large community action.\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes.\n\nMAZIAR: We belong to AA.\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes, very much so. I think the rabbi has been very much ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"responsible\nfor that. I enjoyed working with him. I have when I was president of AJC\n[American Jewish Committee] for a couple of years.\n\nMAZIAR: I think it's often a family crisis when there's a loss, when there's a\ndeath in the family.\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes. I love [Rabbi] Alvin Sugarman. I mean, he's a sweetheart. He got\nme involved in Genesis and the shelter. I'm in my semi-retirement. I'm enjoying\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all these things.\n\nMAZIAR: It sounds like you've got a couple of other careers going that you had\nto put on hold, if anything.\n\nGOLDBERG: When I retired from Rich's in 1985, I felt I was still a young man. I\ndidn't want to quit. I did some consulting business, and I started a\nconstruction company.\n\nMAZIAR: This might be a good time to stop. It's 11:20. We really haven't talked\nabout... Does it seem like the time went by fast?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GOLDBERG: It really does. I am absolutely flabbergasted. I have thoroughly\nenjoyed it.\n\nMAZIAR: That's good. I'm glad you have. I have too. Why don't we stop here? If\nwe can meet again, I'd like to pick up with the business about the changes that\nwent on at Rich's and just your view of community.\n\nGOLDBERG: Great. Sure.\n\nMAZIAR: Taping for the American Jewish Committee Oral History Project. I'm with\nJoel Goldberg. The date is March 14, 1994. Mr. Goldberg ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has prepared some\nextensive information about Rich's Department Store.\n\nGOLDBERG: Today we're going to talk about Rich's, a store of legend. [Goldberg\nReads] It was started back in 1867 shortly after Mr. Sherman had devastated\nAtlanta. It starts with [Mauritius] Morris Rich, a Hungarian immigrant from\nKarchau, [also spelled Kaschau] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hungary, who at age 20 started Rich's, a company\nknown as M. Rich [\u0026 Co.] at that time, in 1867. Morris was the son of Joseph and\nRose Reich of Karchau, Hungary.\n\nMAZIAR: How do you spell that? Do you know?\n\nGOLDBERG: R-E-I-C-H.\n\nMAZIAR: How do you spell the town of origin?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GOLDBERG: K-A-R-C-H-A-U.\n\nMAZIAR: Thank you.\n\nGOLDBERG: Joseph and Rose Reich, as I assume it was pronounced back in Hungary\nin those days, had seven children: five sons and two daughters. To get a little\nbackground of the family, the Revolution of 1848 had started in France and\nspread to the rest of Europe. They were very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"uncomfortable for Jews in\nparticular. The Reichs made plans for getting their children to America. The\nfirst to come was the eldest, William, and the fourth son, Morris, who at that\ntime was age twelve.\n\nMAZIAR: Excuse me. Do you know anything about them, socio-economically or\npolitically? What their situation was before they came? There's no history about that?\n\nGOLDBERG: Nothing. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They traveled from Hungary to Vienna [Austria] to Berlin\n[Germany] to Hamburg [Germany], and there their parents had booked passage on a\nship to New York. They arrived in America and, subsequently, settled with\nfriends from Hungary. They settled in Cleveland, Ohio. In the true\nentrepreneurial spirit, they became peddlers as America headed into a bitter\nfour-year war. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As many of the other European Jews had done, they anglicized\ntheir name to Rich, R-I-C-H, when they arrived in the country. Three years\nlater, Daniel, then age 19, and Emanuel, 13, arrived. These two brothers headed\nfor the Midwest and began their Americanization and their apprenticeship in the\nmercantile ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"field. With the end of the Civil War, the four brothers were free to\ntravel through the South. William, the eldest, and the adventuresome one, the\nfortune maker and loser, the family gambler, was the first one to be attracted\nto Atlanta. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Morris had dropped off at Chattanooga, Tennessee, and found\nemployment in a retail store in Chattanooga as the four brothers headed south.\nDaniel and Emanuel headed for a little town of Albany in South Georgia where\nthey opened a retail store. William made a start with a wholesale dry goods\nbusiness in Atlanta. He was later to have a whiskey distillery on Broad Street\nand an interest in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"coal mines. William would later marry a woman from Nashville,\nTennessee, and he moved there and where they reared 11 children. But in 1865, he\nhad a business and a home in Atlanta, and a stopover spot for young Morris who\ngave up his job in the Chattanooga store and returned to peddling with the\nentire State of Georgia as his territory. For ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a year and a half, Morris peddled\ndoor to door throughout the State of Georgia. In 1867, he settled in Atlanta. He\nborrowed $500 from his brother, William, and rented a building at 36 Whitehall\nStreet. That was on May 28, 1867. By 1877, Atlanta had rebuilt most of General\nSherman's devastation. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Morris had prospered, and at age 30 expanded his store\ntwice, moving first to 43 Whitehall Street and then to 65 Whitehall Street at\nthe corner of Hunter Street [now Martin Luther King, Jr., Boulevard]. By this\ntime, everybody but his father Joseph had come over from Hungary. A brother\nHerman had settled in Birmingham [Alabama]. His oldest sister Julia had married\nin Hungary and arrived with her husband, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jay Hirschberg, along with the younger\nsister Fannie. Mother Rose had preceded her husband to America, but she passed\naway in 1875 at age 58. It was five years later before Joseph would arrive in\n1880. She's buried in Oakland Cemetery. Joseph, who died in 1885 at age 75, is\nburied nearby. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Subsequently, Emanuel and David sold their store in Albany,\nGeorgia, bringing their stock to pool with Morris', and both joined the M. Rich\nStore starting as clerks. The store then became known as M. Rich \u0026 Bros. Life\nwas no longer all work for the Rich brothers. There was time for social\nactivity. The Atlanta Jewish community to which they belonged ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came from a rich\nEuropean culture in many ways more sophisticated and more advanced than the rest\nof the area. There were intellectuals in the group, people of cultivated tastes\nand breeding, and a lively interest in entertaining. A congregation was formed\nin 1867 when a visiting rabbi here to officiate at a wedding encouraged the\nguests to form a congregation and to engage a rabbi. William Rich ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a charter\nmember of the group which first met in homes, later on in rented rooms over\nstore buildings, which was sort of typical to start-up synagogues. In 1877, the\nfirst synagogue was completed at the corner of Forsyth and Garnet Streets.\n\nMAZIAR: What was that?\n\nGOLDBERG: Except for William, the Rich brothers were bachelors. William married\nMiss Rose Loveman of Nashville, Tennessee, and subsequently he went there to\nlive. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A surge in social encounters led to matrimony for all three of the\nbachelor brothers in a couple of years. These marriages supplied new branches to\na family that would reach almost every phase of Atlanta business, professional,\nand civil life.\n\nMAZIAR: They were in their 30s it sounds like at this point?\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes.\n\nMAZIAR: And their business was already successful. They were already established.\n\nGOLDBERG: Very successful. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The descendants of the Richs and the connections by\nmarriage today include scores of prominent Atlantans who have made significant\ncontributions to the life of the community. Morris was the first to marry. He\nmarried Maud Goldberg of Madison, Georgia, who had stopped to visit friends on\nthe way home from school in St. Louis in 1877. The matchmaker saw to it that\nMorris and Miss Goldberg met. In ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"less than a year, they were married. That\nmarriage lasted 50 years until Morris' death in 1928. Brothers Emanuel and David\nwould follow suit within a year. Morris Adler, founder of the Atlanta Paper\nCompany and a native of Germany, had brought a wife from his homeland, the\nformer Elise Sartorius of Frankfurt, Germany. Her two sisters, Bertha and\nClaire, came to Georgia to visit. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bertha captivated Emanuel, and in 1879 they\nwere married. Claire was to help found another prominent Georgia family. She\nmarried Joseph Jacobs who founded the Jacobs' Pharmacy chain, and they became\nparents of another distinguished Atlantan, Sinclair Jacobs. That was the year\nDaniel Rich married their first cousin Julia Teitlebaum.\n\nMAZIAR: I see why you wrote this down. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julia Teitlebaum. Okay.\n\nGOLDBERG: Sister of Adolph who worked for Morris when he first opened his retail\nstore. Subsequently, Fannie, the youngest of the Rich children, married Aaron\nHaas, a Georgia cotton merchant. Their children and grandchildren are prominent\ntoday in real estate and legal circles in Atlanta. Emanuel and Bertha ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had a son\nWalter, who would succeed his Uncle Morris as head of the store in 1926. Morris\nand Maud had a baby girl, Rosalind, whose son Richard Rosenheim later changed to\nRich became head of Rich's in 1949. In all, the brothers had ten children: two\neach for Morris and Emanuel, and six for Daniel. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The brothers built three large\ntwo-story homes next to each other on Pryor Street. For years, the three Rich\nbrothers walked home together for midday dinner and a nap or rode the steam\nengine drawn streetcar that ran down Pryor Street. For years, the brothers kept\ntheir money in a joint bank account. But William, the flamboyant one who had a\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"taste for investing money in glamorous enterprises such as coal mining, brought\nan end to that arrangement. According to family lore, William was a millionaire\nfour times and broke four times. In 1900, M. Rich \u0026 Bros. filed a petition for a\nchartered incorporation. Morris was elected president, brother Daniel vice\npresident and treasurer, and David Strauss, the company ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"accountant, was elected\nsecretary. In 1901, Walter Rich, son of Emanuel, graduated from Columbia\nUniversity and joined Rich's. He became a vice president in 1920 and in 1926\nsucceeded his Uncle Morris as president. Morris, then age 79, became chairman of\nthe board. The store had outgrown its Whitehall Street location and in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=4830.0,4860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1924\nbuilt a new store at the corner of Broad and Alabama Streets. Morris died in\n1928 at age 81. His brother Emanuel had passed away in 1897 and Daniel in 1920.\nThey are all buried at the old ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Oakland Cemetery near their parents. Walter found\nhimself with a new store and formidable competition as Macy's of New York\nannounced the purchase of Davison-Paxton-Stokes [Company], a big new store in\nthe better part of town on Peachtree Street. Walter knew Mr. and Mrs. Frank\n[Henry] Neely socially. Mrs. Neely, the former Rae Schlesinger, a graduate of\nSmith, had been teaching the Rich daughter, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bea, along with her own daughter,\nRachel, at home. The families were good friends of long standing. Frank Neely\nwas a Georgia Tech [Georgia Institute of Technology] graduate, an engineer, who\nhad great achievements at the Schlesinger Candy Factory, at Fulton Bag and\nCotton Mills, and at Westinghouse Electric [Company] in Pittsburgh [Pennsylvania].\n\nMAZIAR: Was he Jewish?\n\nGOLDBERG: I don't think. He joined The Temple.\n\nMAZIAR: What about his wife?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GOLDBERG: She was. Rae was Jewish.\n\nMAZIAR: The synagogue that you are referring to is The Temple?\n\nGOLDBERG: Ultimately became The Temple.\n\nMAZIAR: It ultimately became The Temple in 1876. Frank Neely. How was he\ninvolved in this again? He was involved in Davison's?\n\nGOLDBERG: No. Frank Neely had worked for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rae Schlesinger's father in the candy\nfactory. Mr. Schlesinger owned the candy factory and then went with Westinghouse\nElectric in Pittsburgh. Back to Atlanta where he went to work for the Fulton Bag\nand Cotton Mills. And built himself a national reputation.\n\nMAZIAR: Okay.\n\nGOLDBERG: Walter convinced Frank Neely to join Rich's. Thus, it came about that\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=4980.0,5010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rich's was the only department store in the nation which was run for a quarter\nof a century by an engineer. He was a freshman at Georgia Tech when he met Rae\nSchlesinger. They married eight years later in a grand wedding at the\nSchlesinger home. Frank initiated dramatic change at Rich's including the method\nof inventory and stock control. A noble first was the introduction of air\nconditioning to the store, the first store in the country ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be completely air conditioned.\n\nMAZIAR: That would draw people in during the summer.\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes. He created new policies that stand to this day, such as \"the\ncustomer is always right,\" \"customer makes their own adjustments,\" \"quality for\nquality,\" \"Rich's will never be undersold,\" a very liberal credit policy, and\nthe famous \"Atlanta Born, Atlanta Owned and Atlanta Managed.\" And he created new\nstandards for the workers.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=5040.0,5070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MAZIAR: Excuse me. Was he the first outsider to work for Rich's?\n\nGOLDBERG: First outside of the brothers.\n\nMAZIAR: Out of the family.\n\nGOLDBERG: Right.\n\nMAZIAR: This Mr. Strauss was also in the family?\n\nGOLDBERG: Strauss was not. He was the accountant.\n\nMAZIAR: The accountant.\n\nGOLDBERG: Right.\n\nMAZIAR: What was Frank Neely's position at Rich's?\n\nGOLDBERG: Came in as a vice president. He created a new standard for workers, a\nquota ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bonus plan, a free employee clinic, an employee credit union, and\ninsurance and pensions for all employees. During World War II when all the young\nmen in the store including Dick Rich were in the service, Frank Neely and Walter\nRich ran the store and served the war effort at home. In 1926, Frank Neely was\nnamed Atlanta's \"Citizen of the Year.\" He served on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=5100.0,5130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"several commissions of\npresidents, organized and chaired the Georgia Department of Commerce, was\nchairman of the Federal Reserve Bank in Atlanta for 16 years, a Regional\nDirector of the War Production Board, and was responsible for bringing Bell\nAircraft [Corporation] to Atlanta, subsequently becoming Lockheed [Martin].\nFrank Neely had built himself ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a nation-wide reputation. First chairman of the\nGeorgia Nuclear Advisory Commission, Frank Neely was instrumental in the\nconstruction of a nuclear research reactor at Georgia Tech, and the\nestablishment of Georgia Tech's School of Nuclear Engineering, both done with\nfunds from the Rich Foundation. In recognition, Georgia Tech named the school\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=5160.0,5190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Frank H. Neely Nuclear [Research] Center. Dick Rich came home from running\nRich's New York office in 1935 to take his first executive job at the store as\nthe advertising director.\n\nMAZIAR: What was in New York at the time?\n\nGOLDBERG: The buying office. David Strauss died in 1936, and Mr. Dick became\nvice president and treasurer.\n\nMAZIAR: And his ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=5190.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"parents are...\n\nGOLDBERG: Mr. Dick was his famous... that's what everybody called him. They\ncalled them Mr. Walter and Mr. Dick.\n\nMAZIAR: And Dick Rich's parents were?\n\nGOLDBERG: The Rosenheims. I'm going to elude to that in just a second. In 1930,\nDick married Virginia Lazarus of New Orleans. It was Walter's idea that Dick\ntake his mother's maiden name of Rich if he were to ever head the family\nbusiness. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=5220.0,5250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"His parents, Herman and Rosalind Rosenheim, agreed to that.\n\nMAZIAR: His mother was one of the original sisters? Is that right?\n\nGOLDBERG: Morris' daughter. The Rich Foundation was established to distribute a\nlarge share of the profits of the company to the Atlanta community. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=5250.0,5280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First, was a\ncontribution of a business school building at Emory [University] to honor the\nthree founders, Morris, Emanuel, and Daniel. Later, a donation of a radio\nstation to the city and county school system, which still exists today; a\ncomputer center at Georgia Tech; an outpatient ward at Georgia Baptist Hospital;\na laboratory for industrial engineering department at Georgia Tech; ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=5280.0,5310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a wing\nat St. Joseph's Infirmary, now known as St. Joseph's Hospital. The foundation\ntoday is private, and I serve as its president. Walter Rich, widely respected in\nthe community, genuinely loved in the store, received many awards in his life\ntime. One of the most prized came the last year of his life, the famous ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=5310.0,5340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tobe\nAward presented him in January 1947 in New York City for distinguished\ncontribution to American retailing. Walter died the following November. A member\nof the Hebrew Benevolent Congregation, now known as The Temple, he supported\nchurches and schools and hospitals no matter the denomination. He served on the\nFulton-DeKalb Hospital Authority, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=5340.0,5370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is Grady [Memorial] Hospital. He was a\nvalued member of the executive committee of St. Joseph's Infirmary and a major\nsupporter of Young Harris College in North Georgia. Following the death of...\n\nMAZIAR: Excuse me. How did he get to do that?\n\nGOLDBERG: Customers.\n\nMAZIAR: Did he know anyone in particular or did he just...\n\nGOLDBERG: No, he just knew people there who solicited from the foundation, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=5370.0,5400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and\nhe personally became a major contributor. Following the death of Mr. Walter,\nFrank Neely became president until 1949 when he became chairman of the board.\n\nMAZIAR: Who is Frank? Oh, Frank Neely.\n\nGOLDBERG: Dick became president. In 1961, Harold Brockey became the fifth\npresident of Rich's, Dick Rich became the third chairman of the board, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=5400.0,5430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Frank\nNeely chairman of the executive committee. In 1971, I became the sixth president\nof Rich's, and in 1978, the fifth chairman of the board. The biggest building\nprogram in the store's history would be launched during Dick Rich's regime as president.\n\nMAZIAR: Which spanned what years of him again?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=5430.0,5460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GOLDBERG: 1940. Want to cut that off?\n\nMAZIAR: Dick Rich was president from 1949 to 1961.\n\nGOLDBERG: Harold Brockey became President in 1961 when Dick became chairman of\nthe board. I became President in 1971 when Harold Brockey became chairman of the\nboard. Dick then became chairman of the executive committee. That was our ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=5460.0,5490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"line\nof succession. As we continue, I will get into more detail on the 1950 to\ncurrent times.\n\nMAZIAR: That's wonderful. You were talking about the expansion program that\nbegan. Is there anything else?\n\nGOLDBERG: Two more stores.\n\nMAZIAR: Okay.\n\nGOLDBERG: In 1959 was Lenox Square. Actually, in 1954 they went to Knoxville,\nTennessee. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=5490.0,5520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I guess the company had a philosophy that they would not... they so\ndominated the Atlanta marketplace. In fact, in Georgia, they would not ever\nbuild anything within 150-mile radius of Atlanta, so they went to Knoxville,\nTennessee. That was their first venture. Atlanta grew so rapidly in those next\nfour years that in 1959 Lenox Square was built. That was the first ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=5520.0,5550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta\nbranch. Right behind that was three, four more branches.\n\nMAZIAR: How did it happen that they picked that spot at Lenox? The Alexander\nfamily had their estate right across the street. Did that have...\n\nGOLDBERG: It so happened that Rich's didn't pick it, although Frank Neely was\nsomewhat instrumental. The land was bought by the Noble Foundation out of\nOklahoma. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=5550.0,5580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ed Noble was a real estate developer, who moved to Atlanta and started\nbuying real estate and bought all that farm land. It was some just under 80\nacres at the corner of Lenox Road and Peachtree [Road]. That became Lenox Square.\n\nMAZIAR: It was all undeveloped out there?\n\nGOLDBERG: Farm land.\n\nMAZIAR: At that time.\n\nGOLDBERG: Strictly farm land.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=5580.0,5610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MAZIAR: But the Alexanders had their home. Their home was established.\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes, that was across the street.\n\nMAZIAR: But that was just across the street.\n\nGOLDBERG: Behind what is now the... the Buckhead Loop goes through it. It really\nwould be behind what is now the Ritz-Carlton Hotel.\n\nMAZIAR: Right. And that would be... the home is still standing.\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes. I don't think it's going to be much longer.\n\nMAZIAR: Oh really?\n\nGOLDBERG: With the plans that are underway. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=5610.0,5640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Are you familiar with Longleaf? You\nknow, Longleaf that comes off of Wieuca [Road]?\n\nMAZIAR: Yes.\n\nGOLDBERG: That's practically a Jewish street.\n\nMAZIAR: Is that right?\n\nGOLDVERG: They've all been bought out. Mendel Rohm have moved. Jerry and\nHenrietta Gilbert are in the process of building a home at Lake Forrest. Dick\nRich's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=5640.0,5670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sister lived there and several other Jewish families. The owners of\nPhipps [Plaza] bought them all out and gave them six months to move, or some\nperiod of time to move, and they will clean that whole thing out and all the way\nover to the Alexander property. That will become a housing development, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=5670.0,5700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some\napartment. I don't know what the rest of it's going to be.\n\nMAZIAR: I recall right before they built [Georgia State Route] 400 there was a\nlot of discussion about what was going to happen to the Alexander home.\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes. There were all kinds of arguments about it. I think they finally\nhave settled it. When Equitable redid Phipps, they built a fire station. I don't\nknow if you've been over that way, on the back, and gave it to the City of Atlanta.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=5700.0,5730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MAZIAR: Of course.\n\nGOLDBERG: That was part of their contribution. That enabled them to get some of\nthe rights to redevelop that whole thing. Whether they specifically own the\nAlexander property or not, I don't know. I think they do, in addition to that\nwhole Longleaf area. I think they own everything from Wieuca clear over to the\nback of the Ritz Carlton.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=5730.0,5760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MAZIAR: What really strikes me about this story is how the family had such a\nvision about what they were about.\n\nGOLDBERG: And at a very young age.\n\nMAZIAR: It was just incredible.\n\nGOLDBERG: I mean, Morris started Rich's.\n\nMAZIAR: And the nerve! They not only had the vision but the nerve.\n\nGOLDBERG: William was the oldest, and as I said, he was flamboyant. He was an\nentrepreneur. But he made millions and he went broke. He started a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=5760.0,5790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dry goods\nstore in Atlanta. He was the first. There isn't much mention of it because he\nhad his finger in everything. I don't think he stayed in it too long because he\nopened a distillery on Broad Street. Then he got in the coal mining business in\nAlabama. He made money and he lost money. He was a real gambler. Morris came and\nstayed with William in Atlanta. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=5790.0,5820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As I told you, he stopped in Chattanooga and\nwent to work there. When he came to Atlanta in 1867, he was 20 years old. He\nborrowed $500 and started that store on Whitehall Street.\n\nMAZIAR: Who did he borrow the money from?\n\nGOLDBERG: From William. That was one of William's rich periods. Then Daniel and\nEmanuel sold their store or their property in Albany, Georgia, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=5820.0,5850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lock, stock and\nbarrel. They came. They were in the same type of business, the dry goods\nbusiness, merged it with Morris' and went to work for Morris.\n\nMAZIAR: Does anybody know what happened? Their father hung behind in Hungary.\n\nGOLDBERG: Their father stayed behind in Hungary because they could only get them\nout in small pieces. First came two brothers. Then came two brothers. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=5850.0,5880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then came\nthe mother with one of the sisters. In those years, that revolution going on, it\nspread all over Europe. The Jews were typically not in a very comfortable\nposition. He worked to get everybody out before he came himself. There is\nnothing to tell. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=5880.0,5910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"From 1875 to 1880, there's nothing to tell what he was doing.\nHe was in Hungary. His wife died in 1875. He didn't get over here until 1880. I\nfind no record of anything that says what he did those five years.\n\nMAZIAR: Has anybody been to their original community and visited the cemetery or\nlooked up... there may not be anything ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=5910.0,5940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because I think some of those communities\nwere wiped out.\n\nGOLDBERG: Not that I'm aware of. I don't even know if that community even exists\ntoday. It was a small Hungarian community. Small town as I recall reading about\nit. They moved from there into a larger Hungarian city when they started to move\nthe whole family over to America. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=5940.0,5970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So there is nothing in there. There is nobody\nin the family today that could even tell you. Michael, Dick's only son, passed\naway a couple of years ago. He was very young, early 50s.\n\nMAZIAR: Was he involved in the business?\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes. Michael worked for me for a number of years. His last job, he was\nvice president of personnel. He was the store manager at one time. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=5970.0,6000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was a\nbuyer for me. That was his first executive position. I was merchandising in what\nwas known as the Rich's Basement in those days, later became known as the Budget\nStore. He was my junior sportswear buyer.\n\nMAZIAR: That must have been very... what was it like with all the children of\nthe original people involved? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=6000.0,6030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Did they all want to have participation in the\nstore or how did that work out?\n\nGOLDBERG: Is that on?\n\nMAZIAR: Would you like me to turn it off?\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes, I think we need to.\n\nMAZIAR: Okay.\n\nMAZIAR: I wanted to ask you. We were talking about the family involvement in\nRich's. Harold Brockey, who was your father-in-law, how did he come in the picture?\n\nGOLDBERG: He was working for Macy's in New York. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=6030.0,6060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Macy's sent him to Atlanta\nbecause they owned Davison-Paxton in 1949, I believe it was, to run their Home\nStore. He did such a great job there that Dick Rich and Frank Neely called him\nand hired him to run Rich's Home Store. He came. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=6060.0,6090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One year at Davison's and he\ncame and did a great job in our Home Store. He replaced a member of the family.\nHe replaced Oscar Strauss. They let Oscar Strauss go, who is Margaret Weiller's\nfather. Brockey took his job. From 1949 he was vice president of the Store for\nHomes. He became ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=6090.0,6120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"general merchandise manager of the entire store in the\nmid-1950s and then became president in 1961. He was a New Yorker. Well, he was\nfrom New Jersey and moved to Atlanta in 1949 with his wife and two daughters.\n\nMAZIAR: He hired you when you came down here?\n\nGOLDBERG: No. A fellow by the name of... when I came here, I came as a... ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=6120.0,6150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no, he\nwas running the Home Store. I came as a fashion buyer, a women's dress buyer. I\nwas hired by a fellow by the name of Bud [Louis] Long. Bud Long was the general\nmerchandise manager of the entire store of the time. He was Brockey's boss. Bud\nLong and a fellow by the name of George Sanford [sp], who was general\nmerchandise manager of the Home Store, hired me. I became a buyer. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=6150.0,6180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I came up\nthrough the Fashion Store.\n\nMAZIAR: Let me ask you. What attracted you to Rich's? What is it that really\nmade it stand out? From the history that you presented, there just seemed to be\nthis aura about...\n\nGOLDBERG: There truly is. I started in the business in [W.] Filene's [Sons Co.]\nin Massachusetts, my home, after World War II and after graduating from college.\nThen I spent a year with a resident buying office in New York City called\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=6180.0,6210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Associated Merchandising Corporation. They were the resident buying office for\nFilene's and Rich's in Atlanta and some 25 of the largest department stores in\nthe country. I got to know the people at Rich's because as a resident buyer, I\nwas buying merchandise for Rich's. They had a department in which the New York\noffice ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=6210.0,6240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was doing their buying. They had a department manager who did all their\nbuying for them. I knew the store very well. They had an opening in the better\ndress department. The merchandise manager, who I knew from her travels back and\nforth to the New York buying office, said, \"Why don't you come to Atlanta? I've\ngot a buying job. You'd be a natural for it.\" So I, tongue in cheek, flew to\nAtlanta. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=6240.0,6270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was a very unique experience. On the plane coming down, [I was]\nsitting in the seat next to a young fellow about my age. I was thinking. I was\n29 then. We got to talking and he says, \"What are you doing?\" I said, \"I'm going\nto Atlanta for an interview.\" He said, \"Where?\" I said, \"Rich's.\" He said, \"Let\nme tell you a story about that store.\" He said, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=6270.0,6300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"One day I came home from work\nand I found a vacuum cleaner sitting at my door step. It was [from] Rich's. So,\nI called Rich's. I said, 'There's a vacuum cleaner at my door. It doesn't belong\nto me. Probably belongs to some other customer. Would you please come pick it\nup?'\" He said, \"A week went by and it still sat there, and I called again. I was\nquite angry about it. I said, 'Come get that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=6300.0,6330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"vacuum cleaner. I'm going to give\nit away.'\" They apologized profusely, and some man called him back. I forgot who\nthe name was. He told me at the time. He said, \"We apologize for the\ninconvenience we have created for you. Please keep the vacuum cleaner as a gift\nfrom Rich's.\" How many stores will do that kind of thing? I said to myself,\n\"What kind of screwballs am I going to work for\" because I worked ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=6330.0,6360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a Yankee\ndepartment store at Filenes. We didn't have policies at that time. But I heard\nstory after story after story. I came down and interviewed and liked what they\nhad to offer and I came to work as a dress buyer. One of my first experiences\nwas the wife... the son of a governor of Georgia was getting married. We'll have\nto leave ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=6360.0,6390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the name out. His wife came to my department to buy her\nmother-of-the-groom dress for the wedding. She bought a lovely dress. That was\non a Friday. Monday morning, she was back in the store with the dress. One of my\nsales girls came back to my office. She said, \"Mr. Goldberg, the governor's wife\nis out there with that dress she bought last week. She wants to return it.\" I\nsaid, \"What do you mean, she wants to return it?\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=6390.0,6420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Well, she spilled champagne\ndown the front of it. She can't get it out and she really has no use for the\ndress.\" She said, \"I think you better come out and talk to her.\" So I did. I\nwent out on the floor. I said, \"Yes ma'am, can I help you?\" She says, \"I'm\nreturning this dress.\" I said, \"I'm sorry, I can't take that back from you.\nYou've spilled a drink on it. I can't return it to the manufacturer. I can't\nsell it. We don't sell seconds. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=6420.0,6450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We don't sell used clothing here.\" She says,\n\"What do you mean you can't take it back?\" She says, \"Rich's policy is you'll\ntake it back.\" I said, \"I'm sorry, ma'am.\" I had been at Rich's all of three\nweeks. She took the dress out of the sales girl's hand and disappeared. About 20\nminutes later, I get a call from Dick Rich. He said, \"Young man, would you\nplease come to my office.\" I went to Dick Rich's office. He proceeded to lecture\nme ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=6450.0,6480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the history of the business, the success of the business, and the less\nthan one-tenth of one percent of people like the governor's wife who would take\nadvantage of us. And look at all the friends we'll make if we take the dress\nback from her and she goes and tells all her friends what a wonderful place\nRich's is. That's better than full-page advertising. He said, \"I took the dress\nback. It's now back in your department. You will issue her ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=6480.0,6510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the credit for it.\" I\nsaid, \"Yes, Sir.\" I learned with the best. He was absolutely right. It's a shame\nthat policy doesn't exist today, but that was the policy.\n\nMAZIAR: But he wasn't afraid. He had the absolute 100 percent conviction.\n\nGOLDBERG: Absolutely. There was no question about it. The department I bought\nfor, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=6510.0,6540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we had like a 35 percent return rate. Women would come in and buy three or\nfour dresses, take them home, try them on, bring all four of them back or bring\nthree of the four back and keep one. I used to grin and bear it because I knew\nwhat kind of business it was. Back in those days, when I came in 1959, we had\nreporting figures. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=6540.0,6570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've forgotten who this is from. All the stores reported\ntheir figures, so we'd get Davison's, J.P. Allen [Co.], Sears [Roebuck and\nCompany], and [J.C.] Penney. There was a clearinghouse. I can't remember what it\nwas, whether it was one of the banks or the Federal Reserve [Bank]. They issued\nthe figures once a week. You would know what your figure was. You couldn't\nidentify who the other people were. In those days, Rich's did 63 percent of the\nreporting business in this town ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=6570.0,6600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of those stores. Sixty-three percent. That's\nincredible. The largest of any store in the country. The most dominant.\n\nMAZIAR: Was it loyalty? Do you think it was built up over time?\n\nGOLDBERG: Absolutely. The policies: The customer is always right, the customer\nmakes his or her own adjustments, liberal credit policy. There are stories I\ndidn't get into because they pertain more to the merchandising, the techniques\nof running the store. I was trying to get in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=6600.0,6630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for this oral history into the\npersonalities of the people that developed it. But there are stories that when\nthe City of Atlanta went broke, and it did go bankrupt, Rich's issued scrip to\nthe teachers. You may have heard this story.\n\nMAZIAR: I have heard this.\n\nGOLDBERG: It was like cash. The teachers could bring the scrip into Rich's and\ncash it or they could bring it in and buy merchandise with it. Incredible.\nThat's an unheard of story. When the cotton crop ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=6630.0,6660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"went bad one year, they gave\nfree credit to the farmers, the cotton farmers, until the following year when\ntheir crop came in and they could pay their bills.\n\nMAZIAR: It's interesting. Do you think, on the one hand, people would have seen\nthat as a very liberal policy, but did Rich's, as a store, ever experience any\nsort of Jewish, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=6660.0,6690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not backlash, but difficulty.\n\nGOLDBERG: Never. Never in my history. From what I've learned going back, none\nthen either to my predecessors. Dick Rich became president of the Atlanta\nChamber of Commerce in the 1950s. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=6690.0,6720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was the first and only Jew to become\npresident of the Atlanta Chamber of Commerce. He couldn't join the Piedmont\nDriving Club or the Capital City Club, but he participated with all these people\nin their homes and everything else. He was one of the half dozen most respected\nbusiness people in Atlanta. Walter Rich. The same thing about Walter.\n\nMAZIAR: The family was not seen as being clannish or closed?\n\nGOLDBERG: Not at all. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=6720.0,6750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The heads of the store were so active in the community.\nThat's one of the things that Dick taught me when I came. Between my father and\nDick, they really emphasized to me. As you look at my bio that I left with you,\nI've been involved with literally dozens and dozens of organizations in this\ntown on a volunteer basis because it was the thing to do, number one. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=6750.0,6780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it was\nthe thing to do for the business because the business got tremendous recognition\nout of it. I became the second Jewish president of the Chamber of Commerce. In\n1976, I became president of the Atlanta Chamber of Commerce. We belonged to\neverything. We didn't belong to their country clubs. We belonged to our own.\nThat was the only place.\n\nMAZIAR: All the brothers were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=6780.0,6810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"involved in the founding of The Temple, is that right?\n\nGOLDBERG: William was a charter member. Morris belonged. I find no mention of\nDaniel and Emanuel in it. I'm sure they did because they built these three\nhouses together on Pryor Street. They all were members of the Hebrew Benevolent\nCongregation. How active they were, I don't know, except that William was a\ncharter member. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=6810.0,6840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That I do know.\n\nMAZIAR: Has a family member done the family tree and done the whole... has\nsomeone in the family done that?\n\nGOLDBERG: I've never seen it done.\n\nMAZIAR: You're not in any way, through marriage, involved with any of the direct\ndescendants of the Rich family?\n\nGOLDBERG: No.\n\nMAZIAR: It's interesting ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=6840.0,6870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[unintelligible]\n\nGOLDBERG: Dick and Virginia had three children. One son, Michael, who came into\nthe business. Sally and Virginia. Two daughters.\n\nMAZIAR: Who are they?\n\nGOLDBERG: Sally married... she's been married a few times now. She married a\nfellow by the name of Bill Rose [sp] when she was very, very young, a New York\nstockbroker. She went away to live in New York. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=6870.0,6900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Virginia was a ballet dancer.\nShe danced with the New York City Ballet Company. She married Bobby Barnett, who\nis a dancer with the New York City Ballet Company. They subsequently came back\nand became members of the Atlanta Ballet. He became the artistic director of the\nAtlanta Ballet. She formed ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=6900.0,6930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"another company with Carl Ratcliff. Carl Ratcliff and\nVirginia Barnett formed the Ratcliff Dance Theatre. They ran a ballet school as\nwell for a while. Michael came into the business. Michael, as I said, I told you\nearly [unintelligible] he was a buyer, an assistant buyer.\n\nGOLDBERG: ...divorced his wife and subsequently found another lifestyle.\n\nMAZIAR: Do you want this on tape?\n\nGOLDBERG: No.\n\nMAZIAR: Let me just ask you, because so many people became involved in the\nbusiness and there were so many descendants. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=6930.0,6960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Did every descendant carry with\nthem company stock?\n\nGOLDBERG: Oh, yes. The company became public in 1929. All the families were shareholders.\n\nMAZIAR: All the family were shareholders, so everyone approached the situation\nfeeling that they had a certain interest and degree of power in a situation?\n\nGOLDBERG: Not so much power, because the power really belonged with the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=6960.0,6990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"management and the foundation and the employee pension fund. As I said to you,\none of the things that Frank Neely started was insurance and pensions for\neverybody, every single employee. A big portion of the pension fund was funded\nwith company stock. Back in the 1950s and 1960s, the pension fund was the\nlargest ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=6990.0,7020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stockholder.\n\nMAZIAR: Every family member, no matter what their actual position of authority\nwithin the store, would be financially secure?\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes. They all were.\n\nMAZIAR: That was quite a measure of insight and planning...\n\nGOLDBERG: That's right.\n\nMAZIAR:... on the part of Frank Neely as a way of helping to control a lot of\nsensitive issues.\n\nGOLDBERG: All of the family members, I mean, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=7020.0,7050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dick Rich's kids, all had trusts. I\nthink the same thing existed on the other parts of the family. Dick's sister,\nKitty [sp], was married to a doctor, Charlie Reeser [sp]. That is Dr. John\nReeser, who is an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=7050.0,7080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ophthalmologist. His sister, Roz, was married to a fellow by\nthe name of Neavil [sp]. They were never involved in the business. None of them.\n\nMAZIAR: Are the descendants close? Is there ever such a thing as a family reunion?\n\nGOLDBERG: No. Not to this day. They're scattered ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=7080.0,7110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everywhere. There's some living\nin New York. There are so few of them surviving today that are close knit. It\njust doesn't exist. One of them passed away at Wesley Homes not too many years\nago, who had come here from out of town. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=7110.0,7140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's a Nashville branch of the\nfamily. Some in New York. Some scattered throughout other parts of Tennessee.\nBut no group that you could call together. In terms of cousins today, I don't\nknow if you could identify 15 or 20, at the most. They are scattered everywhere.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=7140.0,7170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MAZIAR: Why don't we stop for today.\n\nGOLDBERG: Okay.\n\nMAZIAR: This is truly fascinating.\n\nMAZIAR: The date is March 29, 1994. This is my third meeting with Mr. Joel\nGoldberg for the American Jewish Committee Oral History Project. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=7170.0,7200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We are ready to\ntape. I want to ask you, you have some information prepared.\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes.\n\nMAZIAR: We have just celebrated Passover. I was wondering if you could just tell\nme a little bit about your family and how they celebrated Passover this year.\n\nGOLDBERG: We had a very unique experience. My sister-in-law and brother-in-law,\nPhyllis and Lew Kravitz - I don't know if you know them or not.\n\nMAZIAR: No.\n\nGOLDBERG: They just bought a house up at Lake Lanier [Georgia] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=7200.0,7230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about a month\nago. They decided they would have the whole family up to Lake Lanier for a very\ncasual seder, Casual attire. My wife, my children, the grandchildren, their\ngrandchildren, and their children went up and spent the day at the lake. I came\nup late, about five o'clock on Saturday afternoon. They had been out ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=7230.0,7260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"riding in\nthe boat and all that kind of thing. Time came, and we sat down and had our\nseder in their new A-frame, this new A-frame they had just purchased. We just\nhad a delightful time. I mean, nobody had a coat or tie on. We were all in jeans\nand T-shirts and that short of thing and [had] just a wonderful, very informal\nseder. Everybody participated. Everybody read some portion of the Haggadah,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=7260.0,7290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"except the real tiny ones who don't read yet. We probably took about maybe half\nan hour for the Haggadah service itself and then sat down to a very sumptuous\nmeal and had a great evening.\n\nMAZIAR: It's interesting to me how families are very hooked into traditions for\nPassover and how it's difficult to change and do something different.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=7290.0,7320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GOLDBERG: Yes. For example, I always do the blessing over the wine, the Kiddush.\nThat's my job. I always do the ten plagues. The Baruch atah Adonai, Eloheinu\nMelech ha'olam, borei p'ri hagafen, and so on. That's relegated to me every year.\n\nMAZIAR: Is it usually at your home?\n\nGOLDBERG: We alternate between homes.\n\nMAZIAR: Which ones?\n\nGOLDBERG: My sister-in-law's or mine. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=7320.0,7350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This year it was her turn, and because\nthey had bought this place up at the lake, they decided they'd like to have it\nup there. It's the first time we've been this casual. It was great. Just a great evening.\n\nMAZIAR: It's important to try something new because, when you think about it,\nRabbi Goodman gave a sermon on Saturday morning. It's the Jews who tried\nsomething new. Not all the Jews left Egypt. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=7350.0,7380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A very small percentage went with\nMoses. We talked about taking the risk of trying something new and what does it\ntake to do that, to pursue a different course. It was fascinating.\n\nGOLDBERG: They did not all leave?\n\nMAZIAR: Was all your family here? Were all your children at the seder?\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes. Except I have a son and daughter-in-law living in Orlando, and\nthey could not get up for it. They both travel, and they would not have been\nable to do it. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=7380.0,7410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But everybody else was there.\n\nMAZIAR: You have how many children living here?\n\nGOLDBERG: I have two living here. One in Orlando.\n\nMAZIAR: What have you got for our tape?\n\nGOLDBERG: Are we ready? All right. We've been devoting this portion of the\ninterview to Rich's.\n\nMAZIAR: Right.\n\nGOLDBERG: In this session today, I will conclude the Rich's story.\n\nMAZIAR: Okay.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=7410.0,7440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MAZIAR: We're going to start to record again. Go ahead.\n\nGOLDBERG: [Goldberg reads] As the decade of the 1950s started, Dick Rich, now\npresident of the company, found himself running the store in a very different\nretail world than either his grandfather or his older cousin, Walter knew. While\nMorris Rich was concerned with staying close to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=7440.0,7470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"800 employees in a one-store\nlocation, Dick worked hard to stay in touch with thousands. In his day, Walter\nRich called himself the \"eternal floor walker\" and was famous for visiting each\ndepartment and speaking to each sales person every day. Dick, through a\ndetermined decentralization of authority, depended on seven other top executives\nto keep him abreast of the happenings throughout the organization. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=7470.0,7500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This\nexecutive committee included Dick Rich, Frank Neely, Harold Brockey, Louis\nCarrol, Joseph Asher, and Alvin Ferst, all prominent members of the Atlanta\nbusiness community. As Morris Rich's first male heir, Dick Rich was destined\nfrom early childhood to one day take a hand in running the store. He started\nduring vacations when he was a teenager ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=7500.0,7530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"coming up from his parents' home in\nSavannah [Georgia] to stay with his grandparents and work at the store. Dick\ngraduated from the University of Pennsylvania with a degree in economics. He\nspent an extended internship working in silk mills in New Jersey, the garment\ndistrict in New York, and at [L.] Bamberger [\u0026 Co.], a major New Jersey\nretailer. He spent a year running Rich's New York office and returned to Atlanta\nto head the advertising and public relations departments.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=7530.0,7560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MAZIAR: Should we reiterate here that his name was not Rich to begin with? Was\nDick... no. Excuse me.\n\nGOLDBERG: It's already in there. We did it on the earlier session.\n\nMAZIAR: Okay.\n\nGOLDBERG: He spent a year running Rich's New York office and returned to Atlanta\nto head advertising and public relations, becoming vice president when World War\nII broke out. After a three-year stint in the [United States] Army, he returned\nto the store. With the death of Davis Strauss, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=7560.0,7590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dick became vice president and\ntreasurer. The late 1950s saw the beginning of Rich's Atlanta expansion into the\nsuburbs: Lenox Square Shopping Center and Belvedere [Plaza] shopping center in\n1959; in 1963, the third suburban store in Cobb County; and in 1965, two more\nstores in North DeKalb and Greenbriar Malls. An athletic individual, Dick played\ntennis ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=7590.0,7620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and went swimming in his back yard every morning, weather permitting,\narriving at the store each day at 8:30 a.m. He spent his day downtown at\nmeetings, both business and civic, far into the night. The list of organizations\nfor which he worked as chairman, director, or trustee numbered in the 30s. He\nled the creation and construction of the new Arts Center, which you recall was\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=7620.0,7650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dedicated to the Atlanta people who were killed in the Orly plane crash. He was\nthe leader in that.\n\nMAZIAR: Would he have gone on that? Was he part of that group?\n\nGOLDBERG: No, he would not have. He was instrumental in the building of the\nAtlanta rapid transit system, MARTA, one of the key people in it. Dick gives his\ncredit for the time and the attention he gives to civic activities to his luck\nin having such able people ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=7650.0,7680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as Harold Brockey running the store. Harold Brockey\ncame up through the department store ranks starting with Macy's training school\nin New York. He was sent to Atlanta by Macy's in 1949 to head the home\nfurnishings division of Davison Paxton, a Macy affiliate. Recognizing his\ntalents, Frank Neely and Dick Rich convinced Brockey to leave the Macy affiliate\na year later to join Rich's as general merchandise manager ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=7680.0,7710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Rich's Store for\nHomes. He was named the director of the company in 1953 and was promoted to\nexecutive vice president and general merchandise manager of the entire store\nover the next four years. In 1961, he became president of Rich's, only the\nsecond person outside the Rich family to head the organization, Frank Neely\nbeing the first. He too, like his predecessors, followed the Rich's tradition of\nservice and civic and philanthropic ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=7710.0,7740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"enterprises. In 1964, Brockey headed the\nCommunity Chest drive, now known as the United Way, and exceeded its fundraising\nquota for the first time in decades. In the early 1970s, he was the most\noutstanding leader of the downtown business community called Central Atlanta\nProgress. Brockey had an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=7740.0,7770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"excellent team of merchants in his executive group:\nLouis Carrol, Joseph [F.] Asher and Joel Goldberg, all active members of the\nAtlanta Jewish community and the community at large. Lou Carrol joined Rich's in\n1955 to succeed Brockey as general merchandise manager of the Store for Homes\nand advanced to senior vice president in charge of merchandising and publicity\nfor the entire organization. Lou had been with Bamberger's of New Jersey. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=7770.0,7800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Joseph\nAsher was born in Midville, Georgia, and joined Rich's in 1921 as a shirt\nsalesman in the Whitehall Street store. He progressed to his most senior\nposition as general merchandise manager of the Men's Store before retiring in\nthe late 1960s. Joel Goldberg, a native of Worcester, Massachusetts, and a\ngraduate of Dartmouth College, started his retailing career in the training\nsquad of Filene's of Boston. Joining Rich's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=7800.0,7830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in 1954 as a women's fashion buyer,\nhe held several executive positions before replacing Brockey as president in\n1971, only the third person outside the Rich family to head the organization, as\nBrockey became chairman of the board and Dick Rich, chairman of the executive\ncommittee, with the retirement of Frank Neely. In addition to the executives in\nthe store, Rich's had on its board of directors some of the most outstanding\nbusiness leaders ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=7830.0,7860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the South, among them Paul Austin, President of Coca-Cola;\nHoward Dobbs, Jr., President of the Life Insurance Company of Georgia; Ben S.\nGilmer, President of AT\u0026T; Joseph Heyman, Sr. Vice President and Chief Economist\nof Trust Company of Georgia; A. Carl Kotchian, president of Lockheed\nCorporation; Walter Mitchell, vice president of Draper Corporation; Louis\nMontag, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=7860.0,7890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"senior partner of Montag \u0026 Caldwell Investment; Oscar Strauss, Jr., of\nthe Selig Manufacturing Company; Robert Troutman, Sr., of King \u0026 Spaulding; and\nJesse Hill of the Atlanta Life Insurance Company, the first black elected to a\nGeorgia corporate board. The decade of the Sixties saw further expansion of the\nbusiness into the suburbs of metro Atlanta as the Atlanta population in\nsurrounding countries increased in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=7890.0,7920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"numbers quite dramatically.\n\nMAZIAR: Was Jesse's appointment to the board at Rich's his first appointment?\n\nGOLDBERG: First one.\n\nMAZIAR: So Rich's really set the lead.\n\nGOLDBERG: We were the first ones in the Atlanta community.\n\nMAZIAR: ... for broadening the scope of the people on their board.\n\nGOLDBERG: I believe, if I'm not mistaken, we were the first ones to put a woman\non the board shortly before the merger. [Beatrice] Be [Hirsch] Haas was put on\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=7920.0,7950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rich's board. That was just a few months before we merged.\n\nMAZIAR: Was her family related? She's not a relative in any way?\n\nGOLDBERG: No.\n\nMAZIAR: There were no other relatives that were on the board?\n\nGOLDBERG: Louis Montag was related by marriage. His wife, Mrs. [Jane Rich]\nMontag, was a Rich, part of the Rich family.\n\nMAZIAR: And she had income coming from the store. I think that's absolutely\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=7950.0,7980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fascinating that there were no family...\n\nGOLDBERG: Michael was put on the board. That was it. There was nobody else.\n\nMAZIAR: I think that's fascinating. Neither the family lobbied for more...\n\nGOLDBERG: Never.\n\nMAZIAR: Do you think there was a conscious decision to kind of exclude the\nfamily from the running of the business to kind of take it to a different level?\n\nGOLDBERG: No. I don't think it was a conscious decision. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=7980.0,8010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was just nobody\ncoming up who had any interest in going into the store at a starting level with\nthe exception of Michael. Michael went to Vanderbilt [University], and when he\ngraduated, he came to the store. Louis Montag's son, Tony, had no interest in\nthe store. Jimmy, the youngest son, did work in the store part time ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=8010.0,8040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for a while,\nbut it was not a permanent career thing. The others were all living out of town.\n\nMAZIER: So they really had to prepare in some way what would happen to the business.\n\nGOLDBERG: Rich's leadership felt its reputation in the South merited expansion\noutside of Atlanta, and we sought opportunities to buy other retail stores from\nWashington, D.C., south to Florida, and west to Alabama and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=8040.0,8070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tennessee. The\napproach from a firm with the stature of Rich's raised the asking price of the\norganization we sought to acquire to the point of making such acquisitions not\nfeasible economically. So, we turned our expansion to the opening of new stores\noutside the Atlanta metro area. First to Birmingham, Alabama, then to Augusta,\nGeorgia, followed by Greenville and Columbia, South Carolina, all in the early\n1970s. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=8070.0,8100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was at this time that major discount stores were expanding into the\nSouth. Seizing another opportunity for growth and expansion, we created our own\ndiscount division, called Richway, and successfully opened discount stores in\nmetro Atlanta, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Florida. In 1975, Dick Rich\nsuffered a stroke and passed away. Within a few months we were deluged with\nrequests from some ten major national and international retail corporations ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=8100.0,8130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with\nrequests to acquire or merge with Rich's. After a great deal of soul-searching\nand some serious disagreements among top management of Rich's, we entertained\nthree of the proposals. They were Dayton-Hudson Corporation of Minneapolis,\nMinnesota; Carter Hawley Hale of Los Angeles, California; and Federated\nDepartment Stores of Cincinnati, Ohio, three very strong department store\nchains. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=8130.0,8160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was in the summer of 1976, that the decision was made and the board\napproved a merger of Rich's with Federated Department Stores. On October 29,\n1976, Rich's, Inc. ceased to exist and became a division of Federated Department\nStores, 110 years and 5 months to the day Morris Rich first opened the doors of\nhis new retail establishment on Whitehall Street in downtown Atlanta, Georgia.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=8160.0,8190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Perhaps more than any other store-keeping family anywhere in America, the Rich's\nhad created the feeling in their community that their store was not merely a\nstore but an institution, and one whose honesty, compassion, and credit the\nindividual members of the community could count on absolutely. More than any\nbank or public utility or branch of local or state government, Rich's was\nperceived by virtually everyone within ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=8190.0,8220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a radius of several hundred miles of\nAtlanta as reliable, responsive, and humane. Virtue was more than just its own\nreward. With its great reputation came great business until finally no other\nstore in the south even approached Rich's success. Most of America's great\nJewish store builders came from Germany, but a few, especially in the south and\nwest, were from Eastern Europe: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=8220.0,8250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Birmingham's Louis Pizitz [Department Store]\nfrom Russia; Arizona's Mike Goldwater from Poland; and, Atlanta's Morris Rich\nfrom Hungary. Just as the terrible fire in Chicago in 1871 made possible that\ngreat city by destroying it, so with the burning of Atlanta by Sherman's troops\nin 1864, its growth began in earnest. It had been nothing before the Civil War,\nnot even incorporated or named Atlanta ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=8250.0,8280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"until more than a century after Georgia's\nfounding. But after the war, it boomed, not as part of an antebellum cotton\nplantation economy, but as a new distribution and manufacturing center. In the\nmain, this new Atlanta was made by newcomers such as Morris Rich. There were\nseveral stores in the new Atlanta owned by both Jews and non-Jews, but what made\nRich's outlast most of the other stores ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=8280.0,8310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and surpass all of them, was its\ntreatment of customers, its insistence that people are more important than\nthings. In each generation, there were dozens of tales, the true stories often\nmore remarkable than the [unintelligible] ones, of how Rich's resolutely\nunremittingly satisfied its customers no matter how unreasonable, outrageous, or\nprovocative. The store refunded the full price of an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=8310.0,8340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unused pair of high button\nshoes that were 30 years old, of an unworn man's shirt 10 years old, of a dead\ncanary. It accepted for credit or exchanged merchandise that customers had not\nbought at Rich's, but from its competitors, because when a Rich's customer\nalleged that she had bought it at Rich's, Rich's did not propose to call her a\nliar. Rich's had no complaint department. Every employee had to accept goods ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=8340.0,8370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for\nreturn without a question.\n\nMAZIAR: How about all the clothes that were worn that were returned?!\n\nGOLDBERG: Did I ever tell you my story of an experience when I first came?\n\nMAZIAR: It's on the tape, about a woman who brought back a gown that she had\nspilled champagne on.\n\nGOLDBERG: The governor's wife.\n\nMAZIAR: We've got it on tape. What a way to find out about the policy.\n\nGOLDBERG: The store's liberal return policy was only one aspect of our\ninsistence that the store must be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=8370.0,8400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"run to suit the needs of the customer. Rich's\ncredit policy was tolerant to a fault. If a farmer could not pay his family's\nbill only once a year when he was paid for his crop, that was okay with Rich's.\nIf you couldn't manage even that in a bad crop year, that was okay, too. To a\ndegree, the customer made not only their own merchandise adjustments but their\nown credit and payment program as well. In the 1914 Depression, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=8400.0,8430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when the price\nof cotton fell to unheard of lows, Rich's advertised that it would buy and store\nbales of cotton at well above market price, and the farmers did not forget.\nAfter the disastrous [Great] Atlanta Fire of 1917, the store's credit policy was\nan important factor in the city's rehabilitation, and the citizens did not\nforget. In 1930 when the virtually bankrupt city ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=8430.0,8460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had no money to meet the school\nteachers' payroll, Walter Rich called the mayor to suggest that the city issue\nscrip to pay the teachers, which the store would not only accept in payment, but\nit would also cash at full value with no obligation that a penny be spent at the\nstore. Rich's paid out $645,000 for the script and had it until the city could\nredeem it. The school teachers didn't forget ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=8460.0,8490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nor did their children nor did\ntheir grandchildren.\n\nMAZIAR: What about the banks? Loan money without interest?\n\nGOLDBERG: What Rich's did better than anyone else was to identify their store\nwith their area, not only to advertise it as a Southern institution, but to make\nit just that. The history of Rich's that I have presented here has not dealt\nwith the financial success of a major ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=8490.0,8520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"American retail establishment. An\nexamination of the facts and the figures and statistics are a testimony to its\nposition as one of America's most successful department stores. The Rich's I\nwould try to portray in the story is a story about people, a business built on\nthe premise that people are more important than things. Their history could be\nentitled \"From Rags to Riches\" since the store is a dramatization of the theme\nof lowly born to highly risen. Such stories of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=8520.0,8550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"early American leaders who have\nrisen from the log cabin to the White House have never tired the rural school\nboy of the urban adolescent. Similar tales of business men who started as\nnewspaper delivery boys and who have risen to the presidencies of our largest\nAmerican corporations have increased the ambitions of thousands of young men and\nwomen throughout our nation. Rich's, too, exemplifies this theme of young\nambition, perhaps even more dramatically ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=8550.0,8580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than our classic American success\nstory, for here are added variations to the story. Instead of a young American\nborn in a log cabin in the Midwest, we have immigrants from Hungary. In place of\na more typical Anglo-Saxon Midwesterner, we have three young Jewish boys who\novercame racial, language, and religious difficulties as well as financial and\nsocial ones. Although the pattern is typically Horatio Alger, we find here that\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=8580.0,8610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"truth is indeed strange. The Rich's story is at times more dramatic and more\ntouching that most creations of the imagination. Warm and extremely human\nthroughout, the story of Rich's is truly one of man's inherent ability to cope\nwith his environment granted incentive, drive and character. This theme has\npassed on from generation to generation for over 125 years. Fini. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=8610.0,8640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Fire away.\n\nMAZIAR: I think there's an awful lot here.\n\nMAZIAR: You really put that together beautifully.\n\nGOLDBERG: Thank you. I tried to keep this pretty much in a Jewish vein because\nthat's what we're dealing with. There were a number of people in Rich's who were\nnot Jewish, successful executives, who I left ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=8640.0,8670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out of the story because I was\ntrying to maintain this oral history we're looking for of the Jewish community,\nexcept in the case of the board of directors, where I listed all of the highly\nsuccessful men, both Jewish and non-Jewish.\n\nMAZIAR: Some of it is selective, but I think the thing that you focused on,\nwhich is the real fact, is that values were so important to this ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=8670.0,8700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family. It was\nthe whole thrust of their business and what they wanted to represent and that\nthey really wanted to be identified with the best values and the best in people.\nThey wanted to, for the South, to be represented in that way. That kind of\nhumane way of relating to each other.\n\nGOLDBERG: I wish I had had the opportunity to work with every one of them,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=8700.0,8730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because each one of them was unique in his own personality as I read through the\nhistory of it, and yet they all made significant individual contributions.\n\nMAZIAR: It, too, would be fascinating to know a little bit more about their\nupbringing and the kind of values that their parents had and the kind of things\nthat they did. The kinds of traditions and the kinds of habits ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=8730.0,8760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that families\ndevelop are things the children aren't always aware of, yet, they lend a certain\nsort of identify and strength. We talked about your wanting to put on tefillin\nevery morning. There are certain kinds of rituals and attitudes and values that\nbecome ingrained very early on, and one doesn't even question them. One just\ndoes it because it's such a comfortable... it satisfies a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=8760.0,8790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"spiritual sense. I\nhave some questions, some things that I'd like to go over with you, if that's okay.\n\nGOLDBERG: Sure.\n\nMAZIAR: Feel however you would like to answer them briefly or if you'd like to\nexpand on some of them. I'm very naive when it comes to business. I wanted to\nget back to why Rich's felt it needed to sell at all. Why couldn't it have just\nstayed the same? Why couldn't it have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=8790.0,8820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"remained a local entity and just gone\nahead and done business as it had?\n\nGOLDBERG: I think because Brockey, at that point, was not completely healthy. I\nthink in his own mind, he didn't have the confidence in the rest of us, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=8820.0,8850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the\nseven of us who were his executive staff. I shouldn't say didn't have the\nconfidence in us. I don't think he had the confidence in himself, to be honest\nwith you. Dick was dead, and I don't think he had the confidence in himself to\ncarry that business to greater lengths.\n\nMAZIAR: Can you tell me a little bit about him, what kind of man he was?\n\nGOLDBERG: Great family man. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=8850.0,8880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"His wife and his two daughters, he idolized. They\nwere his whole life. He had no interest outside of that, unfortunately. When I\nfirst married Carole, I tried to get him to go play golf and things. He had no\ninterest whatsoever except the store and some gardening around the house. He did\nthat. Other than that, that's the only thing. He read a lot. Avid reader,\nprimarily ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=8880.0,8910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fiction. But it was the store. Everything was that store. He lived,\nate, and he breathed the store. That illness affected him more than he ever\nrealized, and I think more than anybody else, that heart attack, the first one.\nSubsequently, he had open heart surgery. Over a period of time, his ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=8910.0,8940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"health\ndeteriorated and, I think, his thinking capacity. I think he felt it. I think he\nfelt that he didn't have the capability to take that organization forward.\n\nMAZIAR: Do you think that he may have had some second thoughts?\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes. I think he did. In 1976, he thought that was right for the\ncompany. The company was going to grow. It needed ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=8940.0,8970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"funding. It needed the help of\na major corporation such as Federated Department Stores. But as the years went\non and he sat by and watched what was happening to the business, he had great\nregrets about it. He wished he had never done it. He told me at one time it was\nthe biggest mistake he made in his career.\n\nMAZIAR: What was happening? What did he see happening to the business?\n\nGOLDBERG: It wasn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=8970.0,9000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rich's that has been related in this story. Don't\nmisunderstand me. Federated bought Rich's and has made a huge success out of it.\nThey bought a very successful business and took it to even greater heights.\nProfit wise, it's outstanding. It's one of the best stores in their entire\ngroup. But what it took out of it, it took the whole flavor out of the business.\nIt ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=9000.0,9030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"eliminated all of the less unprofitable and less profitable parts of the\nbusiness, the French Room, the Specialty Shop, and those kinds of things. Dick\nRich and his predecessors always maintained that we give our shareholders a fair\nreturn on their money. We have a primary interest of taking care of our\ncustomers because that's how we take care of these shareholders. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=9030.0,9060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We want to do\nthings in our store that, while they're not all profitable, they bring people to\nour doors and they bring them in greater numbers than they do to anybody else,\nto any of our competition, and they did exactly that. If you look at Rich's\ntoday, virtually all of that stuff has been eliminated. All of those marginal\ndepartments are no longer part of their stores.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=9060.0,9090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MAZIAR: How would say the image of Rich's has changed in terms of the level of\nquality or kind of aura of Rich's?\n\nGOLDBERG: I think it's changed dramatically. People can see it in the results.\nAt one time, the Macy affiliate, Davison-Paxton, did less than a third of our\nbusiness. Less than a third of Rich's business. Today, my guess is, they do\nbetter than ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=9090.0,9120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"80 percent of Rich's business. So, while Rich's continued to grow,\nDavison's has grown tremendously. That is the major competition.\n\nMAZIAR: What happened, do you think, that allowed that?\n\nGOLDBERG: I think this change in hands. I said to one of my friends at\nDavison's-Macy's that the Rich's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=9120.0,9150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Federated merger did more to help\nDavison-Paxton than the years affiliated with Macy's. There was great concern\namong people, customers, when the merger was announced, what was going to\nhappen. It was written about all the time, great concern of what was happening\nto their store. The major ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=9150.0,9180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"change that took place was the great influx of people\nfrom outside Atlanta, from the Northeast, from the Midwest, to the point where\nAtlanta's population was becoming very much non-natives.\n\nMAZIAR: Right.\n\nGOLDBERG: As it is today. They came here not knowing Rich's. They didn't know\nRich's. Didn't know the history of Rich's. Whereas, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=9180.0,9210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"prior to the merger, the\ngrandmother and the mother and the daughter and the granddaughter, they all\nshopped at Rich's. That became a way of life, particularly from the hinterlands.\nWhen I said 700-mile radius earlier in the conversation, it literally was. We\nhad customers from within a 700- mile radius, and it was all because of this\nreputation ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=9210.0,9240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the Rich's had built.\n\nMAZIAR: Other people felt that they were getting a fair shake.\n\nGOLDBERG: Absolutely. I can recall when Lord \u0026 Taylor and Saks Fifth Avenue came\nto town, their policies on credits and returns were their New York policies,\nwhich were not very liberal, if you've ever had a shopping experience in either\nof those stores. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=9240.0,9270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Their initial response in Atlanta was not good, to the point\nwhere they had to redefine their policies of adjustments and credit because of Rich's.\n\nMAZIAR: What did they eventually do?\n\nGOLDBERG: They became much more liberal in their returns, much more. When I came\nhere as a buyer, as I mentioned to you earlier, I bought a better dress\ndepartment. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=9270.0,9300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was kind of moderate priced in those days, in which we had a 35\npercent return rate. I'd have customers come in and they'd pick four or five\ndresses and take them home and bring all four or five back. Or they might keep\none and bring four back. We had a 35 percent return rate, and yet we made money\nbecause we had customers coming every day. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=9300.0,9330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Knocked on our door.\n\nMAZIAR: Let me ask you, what happened to the officers and the people who were\ninvolved in the business once Federated came in? You were not ready for retirement?\n\nGOLDBERG: No. That's the strange part.\n\nMAZIAR: How old were you at the time?\n\nGOLDBERG: At that point, I was 51, and I had a 9-year contract. They gave me a\nnine-year contract which, according to Federated, was the longest contract they\nhad ever given in the history of the corporation. They gave Brockey...\n\nMAZIAR: How old are you now?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=9330.0,9360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GOLDBERG: Sixty-nine. They gave Brockey a five-year contract, I think it was.\n\nMAZIAR: Did all of the old agreements about compensation that applied to family,\nwere those still holding up, trusts and things like that? What happened?\n\nGOLDBERG: You lost me.\n\nMAZIAR: Yes. We'll get into that later. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=9360.0,9390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Brockey, how long was his contract?\n\nGOLDBERG: I think it was five years. We were the only two that had contracts.\nNobody else.\n\nMAZIAR: What happened to everybody else?\n\nGOLDBERG: The chief financial officer resigned the day of the merger.\nEventually, and we knew it would happen, Federated brought their own people in.\n\nMAZIAR: Sure.\n\nGOLDBERG: Eventually replaced me ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=9390.0,9420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and my two general merchandise managers,\nLeonard Levy and Albert Maslia, both left the store. Alvin Ferst left the store.\nTo the point where today in Rich's, I don't believe, I'm almost positive of this\nstatement, there is nobody in the upper management group ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=9420.0,9450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"left from prior to\n1976. None of them. They've all changed.\n\nMAZIAR: That's really incredible. What did you do? I mean, you had a position\nthere, but what exactly?\n\nGOLDBERG: I became chairman of the board when Brockey retired. We brought in a\nnew president from Bullock's [of Los Angeles], which was a Federated affiliate.\n\nMAZIAR: Were you involved in that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=9450.0,9480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"decision or not?\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes. Sort of. I interviewed him.\n\nMAZIAR: But you knew all these people, is that right, through professional\norganizations? Did you know a lot of the people? Did you know a lot of Federated people?\n\nGOLDBERG: Sure. Yes. I didn't know this particular fellow from Bullock's because\nhe was a general merchandise manager. He was not president or chairman of the\nboard. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=9480.0,9510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Those were people I had been dealing with at that stage. And then they\nstarted. I became chairman executive committee for the last five years, and they\nbrought in another one of their own people. They had a two-man team of theirs,\nboth Federated people, who were running it. They proceeded to lop off the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=9510.0,9540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"top\nexecutives from the Rich's organization prior to 1976.\n\nMAZIAR: And yourself included.\n\nGOLDBERG: No, I had my contract.\n\nMAZIAR: I see.\n\nGOLDBERG: My contract ran to 1985.\n\nMAZIAR: But did you have responsibilities?\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes. I was chairman of the executive committee until I retired in\n1985. You know, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=9540.0,9570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some they fired and some they terminated, to be polite. Others,\nthey gently persuaded them to leave. That sort of thing.\n\nMAZIAR: The maneuvering must have been quite incredible.\n\nGOLDBERG: It was incredible to watch.\n\nMAZIAR: Did you think that you were going to be able to stay on? Did your\ncontract allow you to go off and develop other businesses and other ventures?\n\nGOLDBERG: No. I had a non-compete ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=9570.0,9600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"contract. At age 60 when my contract was up, I\nwould have had to leave Atlanta if I wanted to stay in retailing. And there\nweren't too many other places in the United States that I could go where there\nweren't Federated Department Stores. There were a few places, but no place I was\nreally interested in. So, I retired. Remember, I told you we took the foundation\nout ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=9600.0,9630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the merger in 1976?\n\nMAZIAR: And that was part of the condition of the merger.\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes. Shortly after that, I became president of the foundation.\n\nMAZIAR: Who was responsible for that piece? Who had the foresight to get that\nworked out about the foundation?\n\nGOLDBERG: I think we just sort of told them. It was an individual. It was a\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=9630.0,9660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"corporation unto itself. It had nothing to do with the business, although the\nbusiness did fund it.\n\nMAZIAR: Right. Does it still? How do you work that out? Is Federated obliged to\ncontribute a certain amount to it?\n\nGOLDBERG: No. They did for a while because of our United Way gift, and that was\ntheir request. They weren't in the position, they felt, to give a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=9660.0,9690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"huge United\nWay gift that Rich's, Inc. gave every year.\n\nMAZIAR: How is it funded now?\n\nGOLDBERG: The foundation?\n\nMAZIAR: Yes.\n\nGOLDBERG: Just growth.\n\nMAZIAR: Stock and holdings.\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes. It's grown tremendously. It's up almost $29 million.\n\nMAZIAR: Really.\n\nGOLDBERG: I would guess at the time of the merger, it was maybe $11 or $12\nmillion. It's had tremendous growth. We have an investment manager that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=9690.0,9720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"manages\nit for us. By law, we give away our five percent of the profits each year.\n\nMAZIAR: Your retirement of whatever was really tied into those contracts that\nyou were given to by Federated?\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes. They did not renew my contract when the nine years was up.\n\nMAZIAR: Right.\n\nGOLDBERG: Nor did I expect them to.\n\nMAZIAR: Right. And it sounds like you had a position, but ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=9720.0,9750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they really wanted\ntheir own people to run things.\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes. Absolutely.\n\nMAZIAR: Were you bored? Did you have enough to do?\n\nGOLDBERG: I took care of all my civic activities and ran the foundation and was\ninvolved. As a matter of fact, there was a write-up on the front page of the\nWall Street Journal shortly after I moved to chairman of the executive\ncommittee, telling about how at Rich's we believed in our executives ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=9750.0,9780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"getting\ninvolved in the community because I was devoting virtually full-time to my\nextracurricular activities, civic, philanthropic, cultural, all that kind of\nthing. Which is sort of how I got involved with 30 organizations like Dick Rich.\nBeen involved in a lot of them before the merger came.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=9780.0,9810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MAZIAR: Harold Brockey. How much longer did he live past the buyout?\n\nGOLDBERG: Let's see. It was 1976. He stayed in the store until 1978, at which\npoint they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=9810.0,9840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sort of retired him and put him in an office across the street in a\nbank building with a secretary. He spent his time there doing his civic stuff\nfor another three years. That was 1981. He lived another 10 years but in very\npoor health.\n\nMAZIAR: I would imagine he must have gotten a lot of comment from the business\ncommunity of Atlanta. Was there a lot of criticism?\n\nGOLDBERG: You mean in 1976?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=9840.0,9870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MAZIAR: Yes.\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes, he did.\n\nMAZIAR: From outside of Rich's.\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes, he did, shortly after the merger, though. Within a couple of\nyears, he was out of the business, and that was all forgotten about. There was\nno communication with him. I was very active in the Atlanta business community.\nThere were no other retailers involved. Davison's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=9870.0,9900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"never participated. None of\ntheir people. None of their operation. Sears Roebuck, at that point, had\npractically nobody involved. J. C. Penney had virtually nobody involved. Today,\nthey do. They have a regional man who is. So, it was Rich's. When Federated\nbought us out, I continued. I was the Rich's representative at that point. But\nthen ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=9900.0,9930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the new president came in and got involved in the community. The chairman\ndid not.\n\nMAZIAR: Who was that?\n\nGOLDBERG: Allen [I.] Questrom. He never got involved in any outside activities.\nBut Jim Zimmerman, whose uncle had worked for Rich's many years before that. He\nwas involved in CAP. He and I were both on the CAP ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=9930.0,9960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"executive committee.\n\nMAZIAR: CAP is?\n\nGOLDBERG: Central Atlanta Progress.\n\nMAZIAR: All the other executives left and went out and either developed\nbusinesses or worked for another company.\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes. Albert Maslia. I don't know if you know Albert.\n\nMAZIAR: No.\n\nGOLDBERG: He went into business for himself. He opened a series of Hallmark card shops.\n\nMAZIAR: Right. Social Expressions?\n\nGOLDBERG: They're called Social Expressions. Been very successful at it. Leonard\nLevy, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=9960.0,9990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who was the other general merchandise manager, left here and wound up in\nBaltimore [Maryland] working... I can't think of the name of the company offhand\n- and then moved around. He was in Texas for a while, and right now he's up in\nChicago in the furniture manufacturing business. Alvin Ferst, who was our\nplanning director, he built stores and that sort of thing, they retired him and\nhe got involved a little bit in real estate. He's still here.\n\nMAZIAR: When the business was sold, what did the family do? Did they say anything?\n\nGOLDBERG: Michael was.\n\nMAZIAR: And their income, they drew incomes from Rich's?\n\nGOLDBERG: From whatever shares they held.\n\nMAZIAR: But their shares became Federated?\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes. They did become Federated.\n\nMAZIAR: In essence, their income or wealth was key to whatever happened to Federated?\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes. Eventually, if they held onto those shares, they made a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=9990.0,10020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lot of\nmoney when this [Robert] Campeau fellow, this Canadian, remember he bought out\nFederated. All of us made a lot of money on Federated stock. At the time of the\nmerger, I think the stock was in the 30s, and we got over $70 a share when\nCampeau bought it.\n\nMAZIAR: But then what happened?\n\nGOLDBERG: It went bankrupt.\n\nMAZIAR: Right.\n\nGOLDBERG: A major department store chain in the world went bankrupt. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=10020.0,10050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Came out of\nbankruptcy just a year ago at this time.\n\nMAZIAR: So what happens to the value of the stock?\n\nGOLDBERG: Fortunately, for those of us in the inner circle, Campeau bought it. I\nmean, in order to take over Federated...\n\nMAZIAR: He bought your stock.\n\nGOLDBERG: He bought our shares. At that point, we owned no shares.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=10050.0,10080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MAZIAR: Fascinating. Did you ever think that it was going to turn out that way?\n\nGOLDBERG: Never. I had people tell me that, people in the industry. But I never\nbelieved it. I think I was very naive.\n\nMAZIAR: Because here you were in a situation where everything was humming along\nand perfect and successful business.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=10080.0,10110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GOLDBERG: I sort of got a clue. I had been on this trip around the world. I\ndon't know if I told you that.\n\nMAZIAR: No. I'd love to hear about it.\n\nGOLDBERG: I had been on this trip around the world with Al Maslia, who was\nmerchandising the Home Store at that point. He and I left here and flew to Tokyo [Japan].\n\nMAZIAR: When was this?\n\nGOLDBERG: This was 1978.\n\nMAZIAR: We went in 1975.\n\nGOLDBERG: We were going on this buying trip. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=10110.0,10140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We went to Tokyo and to Bangkok\n[Thailand]. We went into India. We did Bombay and New Deli. From there we were\ngoing to Israel. We had to fly TWA to Tehran [Iran]. The Shah was still alive in\nthose days. We picked up an El Al plane. No. Maybe it was TWA plane and went a\ndifferent plane on into Tel Aviv [Israel]. From there, on into Europe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=10140.0,10170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and back\nhome again.\n\nMAZIAR: How long were you gone?\n\nGOLDBERG: I had been gone for three and a half weeks, the longest I had ever\nbeen gone from the store. I got back and Brockey called me at home that evening.\nHe says, \"You've got to go to Cincinnati in the morning.\" I said, \"What for?\" I\nsaid, \"I've been gone for three and a half weeks.\" I said, \"I haven't seen my\ndesk yet.\" He says, \"Ralph and Harold\"... Ralph Lazarus [of F. \u0026 R. Lazarus \u0026\nCo.] was chairman of the board ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=10170.0,10200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Harold Kresge was the president. \"They want\nto see you.\" I said, \"What do they want to see me about?\" He said, \"I don't\nknow, but they want to see you.\" So, I did. The next morning, I got a plane to\nCincinnati. I walked into Ralph's office and he said... is this recording now?\n\nMAZIAR: Yes.\n\nGOLDBERG: I think we better ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=10200.0,10230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"take...\n\nMAZIAR: For the sake of clarity, Mr. Brockey was no longer able to participate\nin business for various reasons.\n\nGOLDBERG: That's right.\n\nMAZIAR: Can we say that on the tape? How did it work out when the new management\ncame in, with Allen Questrom coming from California? How was the transition?\n\nGOLDBERG: It worked ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=10230.0,10260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fine. He took over the merchandising function. I took over\nthe CEO and financial and all that kind of thing.\n\nMAZIAR: During this time, did you feel then that you would leave in 1979 when\nyour contract was up?\n\nGOLDBERG: No, I really didn't. When Brockey came back from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=10260.0,10290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Federated with this\nnine-year contract for me, he was so excited about it. It was the first time\nthey ever gave a contract this long in their history and so on. I said, \"That's\ngreat.\" They gave me excellent salary. When I replaced him, when I went to\nCincinnati on that trip I was telling you about, they gave me an excellent\nincrease. I had no complaints. But when he was put out, I could smell it was\ncoming. I knew there would not be a renewal ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=10290.0,10320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of my contract at that point. By\nthen, they would have all their own people in, which is what they did. As you go\nback in history, you look at other acquisitions they made over the years, that's\nhow they operated.\n\nMAZIAR: Has the Federated executive pool kind of remained stable or do they go\nthrough a lot of executives of people moving in and out.\n\nGOLDBERG: No. It's a lot of people moving in and out. They've had a lot of\nchanges, particularly with this bankruptcy thing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=10320.0,10350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that went on. Its affected the\nbusiness dramatically, but it's coming back very strong.\n\nMAZIAR: It sounds like their main focus is the bottom line.\n\nGOLDBERG: It is. It's exactly what it is. There's nothing wrong with that.\n\nMAZIAR: Yes. But they don't seem to get terribly involved in the communities\nwhere they have their stores.\n\nGOLDBERG: No. Very little. Used to, but very little today.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=10350.0,10380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MAZIAR: Could you share with us a little bit about what you're doing now? You're\nbuilding schools and you've gotten involved in some other activities.\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes. When I came out, when I retired from Rich's, I started this\nconstruction business. I got hold of a Dutch concrete modular technology through\nthese friends of my son's and started building schools.\n\nMAZIAR: How in the heck did you decide on that?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=10380.0,10410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GOLDBERG: These two young men, architect and engineer friends of my son, had\nbeen invited over to Holland by this Dutch company who were looking to come into\nthe Southeast as an opportunity for expansion of their business. While they were\nover there, the Dutch company was sold to a British company, and they met the\nBritish principals. The British principals said to them, \"Listen fellows, we're\nnot going to America. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=10410.0,10440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We bought this company to expand on the European continent\nbecause they're a mainstay in this particular type of technology, but you can\nhave whatever you want. Any information we can give you, blueprints, take them\nwith you. God bless you. Go back and have fun. And so they did. They gave them a\nset of blueprints of this technology. They came back and they were having dinner\nwith my son a few days after they got back. They said, \"We need somebody who's\ngot some money and somebody who knows how to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=10440.0,10470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"run a business. We've got a great\nidea. \"He said, \"Talk to my dad. He's getting ready to retire from Rich's in\nabout a month.\" So they contacted me. I had dinner with them. I looked through\nthe thing. It was in Dutch. I had to have it translated. I checked with a number\nof people, including the state superintendent of schools, who happened to be a\nvery good friend. He looked at it and had some of his people. He said, \"Looks\nlike a great idea.\" He said, \"If you can do it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=10470.0,10500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"economically, you know, if you\ncan match current costs or beat them.\" Time wise, it was incredible. We could\nput up a school in no time. Almost overnight. It was that fast a process. I said\nto the two guys, \"I'll put some money up. We'll start the business. We've got to\ngo out and find customers.\" We went looking. It was kind of tough because it was\nlike a good old boy ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=10500.0,10530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"society. They all had their private, their own group of\nfriends who they used as contractors and that kind of thing. I found a school\nsuperintendent up in Cherokee County, up in Woodstock [Georgia]. Incidentally,\njust as an aside, I was watching the weather... the storm the other night. There\nwas a student in Etowah High School ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=10530.0,10560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[who] killed himself in class. The reporter\nfrom Channel 2 was up there taking pictures and took pictures of the building I\nhad built. I was looking at the TV set and [said], \"Oh, God no.\" Anyway, I found\nthis Ms. Kline who was the superintendent of schools in Woodstock. She had a\nbunch of trailers on her high school grounds, and she wanted to replace them.\nShe needed a building, but she ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=10560.0,10590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"didn't have money. It's all state and federally\nfunded is where it all comes from. I said, \"Ms. Kline, I'll tell you what I'll\ndo with you.\" She needed a ten-classroom addition to this high school, a\nfree-standing building. I said, \"I will build you, my first customer, I will\nbuild you this ten classroom [building] at my cost, whatever it costs. But\nyou've got to do one thing for me. You must send out, when we're finished, send\nout an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=10590.0,10620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"invitation to your 153 colleagues\"... There are 154 school systems in the\nState of Georgia. Every county has one... \"and invite them to an open house when\nwe're finished.\" I said, \"We'll furnish some refreshments.\" So she did. We built\nthe building. It came in about 20 percent over estimate, but I sold it to her\nfor what I promised. She sent out the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=10620.0,10650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"invitations. We had 54 people come on a\nSunday afternoon to this open house at this new school building. I got six\ncontracts out of it. And I was in business. I started building school buildings:\nMarietta, Cobb County, Pickens up in Jasper.\n\nMAZIAR: Have you been outside of Georgia too?\n\nGOLDBERG: No. Only in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=10650.0,10680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"North Georgia. We started in 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988. The\nfederal and state government started tightening up on school money, on money for\nnew school building. By 1989, the recession had come in, and there was no money.\nOver that period of time, from 1985 to 1989, I built 11 school buildings and\nmade a lot of money. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=10680.0,10710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was very, very successful. My bank was very happy. I was\npaying my notes on time and everything. So, I had no business. I mean, nobody\nwas building anything. At that point, I did have some staff, and I had to let\nthem go. But I kept the one, the engineer, my primary person. He stayed with me.\nsaid, \"Ed, if you can find something else for us to do, I'll fund it, but\notherwise I'm going to have to close the business down.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=10710.0,10740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was running the Rich\nFoundation at the same time. I was president of the Rich Foundation. It kind of\nbrought me in here as a place to house it when Rich's closed the downtown store\nbecause one of Rich's employees was sort of a bookkeeper for the foundation. He\ndid that as extracurricular work. When they closed the downtown store, I pulled\nall the records out here [unintelligible]. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=10740.0,10770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anne Berg is the grant coordinator\nfor the foundation. Anyway, we went looking. We went in these small industrial\nparks and there seemed to be a demand for these small office warehouse\nbuildings. I said, \"I'll tell you what. Let's buy an acre of ground, and we'll\nbuild one of these things.\" They are metal buildings with brick facades. We did\na nice job. I said, \"Let's build one and see what happens to it,\" because these\nwere spec buildings. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=10770.0,10800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"While I was building the one, a customer came along and he\nbought it. Gee, that's very nice. Ed said to me, \"Are you ready to go now?\" I\nsaid, \"No, Ed. Let's buy another one. Let's buy another piece of ground.\" We\nbought a two-acre lot, and we built a building. Just as we were finishing it, a\nBritish company came to town. They were bringing the new ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=10800.0,10830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wire stuff that\ntelephones... fiber optics. They were going to manufacture fiber optics cable.\nHe bought my plant. Paid cash for it. We were in great shape. Ed says to me,\n\"You ready?\" I said, \"No, let's try one more.\" We started building another one,\nand another opportunity came up for another piece of land. We had two going at\nthis point. We sold them both. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=10830.0,10860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They were sold ready for whenever we finished\nthem. We finished them within just a few months. He said, \"Are you ready?\" I\nsaid, \"I'm ready.\" So we went out and we bought three pieces of land, and we\nbuilt three office warehouse buildings. That was in 1991. This is 1994. I am\nsitting ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=10860.0,10890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with those three office warehouse buildings. The fortunate part of it is\nI went ahead and rented them. I leased them so at least I'd have some money\ncoming in.\n\nMAZIAR: How many square feet are they?\n\nGOLDBERG: Two of them are 10,000 square feet. The other one is 8,750. They are\nfully occupied and I'm getting a positive cash flow. I'm paying my bank every\nmonth. Right now, everybody is happy. But I'm waiting for this ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=10890.0,10920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"real estate\nbusiness to perk up so I can get rid of these three buildings. By then, I'll be\n70 and I'll spend a little more time on the golf course. I'll run the Rich\nFoundation and do my other extracurricular activities.\n\nMAZIAR: Do you feel that you have done what you set out to do?\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes, I really do. I moved up very fast in retail. Very, very fast.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=10920.0,10950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That was not my intention. When I came out of the Navy and finished college, I\nwanted to be a radio announcer. I had a sister who was an actress. The guy she\nwas dating at the time said, \"Don't to this. There's no money in radio\nannouncing.\" I said, \"I'm going to be a Graham McNamee or one of those kinds of\npeople.\" He said, \"No. Get into merchandising. If you get a merchandising\nbackground, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=10950.0,10980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then,\" he says, \"you want to get into radio, it doesn't help you in\nannouncing any.\" He says, \"But there is lots of money in the administrative end\nof radio.\" So, I wound up at Filene's in their training program. I finished the\ntraining program, and six months later I was a buyer, the earliest anybody had\nmade a buyer in the history of Filene's. That's a very young age to... ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=10980.0,11010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"six\nmonths, not chronologically, but very young for the span of time. I had been\nthree months on the training program, and six months later I was a buyer. I\nbought junior sportswear, and I loved it. Fascinating business. After that, I\npicked up the junior coat and suit department. Then they moved me into the\nmisses dress department. It was a huge misses dress department there. That's\nwhere I got my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=11010.0,11040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first experience. It was owned by Federated, incidentally.\nFilene's was a Federated store. The then head of Federated came through one day,\nRalph Lazarus' father. He was going through Filene's, and the merchandise\nmanager brought him over and introduced me to him. He said, \"How long have you\nbeen here?\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=11040.0,11070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He quizzed me. He says, \"Our buying office in New York is looking\nfor somebody to buy better dresses.\" This was an operation called the central\ndress division, in which we purchase the merchandise... we resident buyers in\nNew York, we would actually purchase the merchandise for something like 14 of\nthe 20 AMC [Associated Merchandising Corporation] stores, of which, most of them\nwere Federated. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=11070.0,11100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He said, \"What would you think?\" I said, \"Gee, Mr. Lazarus, it\nsounds like a great opportunity.\" At that point I had been there about five or\nsix years. He set up the interview. I went down to New York and got interviewed,\nand I got the job. I spent the year as a resident buyer, misses dresses. I hated\nit. I hated New York. I liked the job. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=11100.0,11130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I did not like New York at all. But one\nof the stores I was buying for was Rich's. I was buying for the moderate priced\ndepartment at Rich's. So, I knew all the people. The merchandise manager was in\nNew York, and I was working the market with her. We had department managers in\ndepartments because we did the buying for them. She said, \"Would you think of\ncoming to Rich's?\" She says, \"I've got a great job in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=11130.0,11160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"better dress\ndepartment. I need a better dress buyer.\" She said, \"You look like you've got\nthe kind of [unintelligible] we want.\" And she went off. I'm fascinated. I'll\ncome down for an interview. So I did. I flew South. That's where I met the young\nguy sitting next to me on the plane where I told you the story about the vacuum cleaner.\n\nMAZIAR: Right.\n\nGOLDBERG: I was interviewed by Rich's that day and they offered me a job and\noffered me good money. I flew back to New York. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=11160.0,11190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"started working in the market\nplace there then came South.\n\nMAZIAR: What do you think it is about you that's made you so successful if you\nhad to kind of look back on things? I have my own ideas.\n\nGOLDBERG: Perseverance, I think, more than anything else. I had a good pace\nlevel. That sort of came as I grew up. I think a lot, my sister, who was the\nactress, rubbed off on me. But perseverance. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=11190.0,11220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I worked. I worked hard. I was very\nthorough. I like people, and I enjoyed being on the floor working with customers\nas sales person. I didn't go into fitting rooms or anything like that, but I\nwouldn't hesitate to sell a woman a dress.\n\nMAZIAR: And that was very natural.\n\nGOLDBERG: I loved it. I thoroughly enjoyed it.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=11220.0,11250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MAZIAR: You have a very strong sense of not being afraid to try new things. Very flexible.\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes, my dad taught me that. I bought dresses for Rich's. I came in\n1954. I bought this department 1954, 1955. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=11250.0,11280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Carole was at Skidmore [College]. She\nwas home for the summer and she was on Rich's college board. The college board\nkids were always assigned to the junior department because that was the juniors\nor the teen department. She was in juniors. That was right across the floor, on\nthe fourth floor downtown, from my department. This young kid was always hanging\nout at the water fountain. There was a water fountain right on the corner of my\ndepartment. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=11280.0,11310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This young kid was drinking water all day long. I thought she was\ngoing to float away one day.\n\nMAZIAR: Was she supposed to be working?\n\nGOLDBERG: One day, I'm walking by, and she banged into me, which she\nsubsequently told me was done on purpose, and we got to talking. She told me who\nshe was and her father was the general merchandise manager of the Home Store. I\ndidn't know him from Adam. He was the enemy as far as I'm concerned. I was in\nthe Fashion Store. We had nothing to do with the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=11310.0,11340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"home furnishings people. They\nwere aliens. I asked her for a date. I took her to... I'll never forget our\nfirst date. We went to see Mister Roberts, the movie. Then we started dating\nafter that. She never went back to Skidmore. We were married a year and a half\nlater. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=11340.0,11370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We were married in 1956. In 1957, I was promoted to divisional\nmerchandise manager in the Budget Store, which in those days was called the\nBasement. I had the whole apparel area, women's apparel and accessories in the\nbasement. That was 1957. I was there for three years. In 1960, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=11370.0,11400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was moved\nupstairs as divisional merchandise manager of all the upstairs ready to wear.\n\nMAZIAR: It was a perfect fit.\n\nGOLDBERG: Just worked out beautifully. Then I went back downstairs to the\nBasement as the general merchandise manager over the whole basement. That was in\n1965. That was when I was put on the Rich's board.\n\nMAZIAR: I have a feeling that you're going to come up with another business. I\nthink that you're going to sell those buildings and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=11400.0,11430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something else is going to\nturn up because something is going to sound interesting and appealing to you.\n\nGOLDBERG: I did own something in between. It was a partnership. I doubt if you\never heard of it. It was called the Atlanta Golf Center. It was out on Beaver\nRuin Road. It still exists today. You know where Beaver Ruin Road is?\n\nMAZIAR: It's out that way. Up [Interstate] 85.\n\nGOLDBERG: On 85 just before Gwinnett [Place] Mall. Four friends of mine, three\nother friends and I, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=11430.0,11460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bought this piece of land as an investment 20 something\nyears ago. We decided to make a golf driving range out of it. Part of it was\nflood plain so it was easily convertible. We made a golf driving range and we\nhired the pro from our club, from the Standard Club, who had been let go at that\npoint, and his brother, who was also a golf pro living down in Texas. He came ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=11460.0,11490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to\nwork. We built a little clubhouse and we build this golf driving range. We\nstarted making money like wild fire. In the third year, this thing was making a\nprofit. We couldn't believe it. So, we held it and held it and held it and held\nit. In 1992, we sold it to a Korean from Chicago for $1.2 million.\n\nMAZIAR: We're hearing about all the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=11490.0,11520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"successful deals. Wait a minute.\n\nGOLDBERG: I've had some bad ones. Believe me. I've had some bad ones. But this\none worked out very well. I started a chicken business, a chicken processing\nbusiness. Do you know Arthur Scharf [sp]? Do you know him at all?\n\nMAZIAR: No.\n\nGOLDBERG: He died a few months ago. Middy's [sp] husband. Arthur and I got\ninvolved in a chicken processing business. We started producing chicken breasts\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=11520.0,11550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out in Rutledge, Georgia. We built a small factory out there. We were selling it\nto Delta Airlines, their food kitchen kind of thing. The guy who was running our\nbusiness was stealing from us, we found out. He was stealing us blind. He was\ndown in Rutledge running it and we were back here doing our thing. We brought\nthe sheriff out and padlocked the door and got rid of him, and we sold it. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=11550.0,11580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We\nwere lucky because outside of Rutledge, a young fellow had come down from New\nYork City and he took over what had been a horse meat factory and was producing\nchicken parts other than breasts to be frozen and shipped to Saudi Arabia. Every\nnight he had trucks coming up to his place taking this ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=11580.0,11610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"chicken out. His plant\nwas awful. It was horrible. The board of health had told him that if he didn't\nclean it up they were going to close him down. He bought our plant, and we gave\nhim a mortgage on it. We gave him a note, which we closed on December 10 of last\nyear. He took it over, took the factory over. We didn't lose any money on it. We\ndidn't make any, but we didn't lose anything. We went down on December 10 to\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=11610.0,11640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"close. This was after this ten-year note. He said to us, \"Why don't you guys\ncome over to the plant.\" He said, \"You haven't seen it since ten years ago when\nI bought it from you.\" He says, \"I'd like you to see what we're doing.\" We went\nover there, and as we drove up I said to Arthur, \"This guy, he's expanded the\nplant. It's twice the size.\" He never said a word about it. Never told us he was\ndoing it. I said, \"He must be doing very well.\" As we drove around the back to\nthe parking lot, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=11640.0,11670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there were ten refrigerated trailers sitting out back.\n\nMAZIAR: Oh, my goodness.\n\nGOLDBERG: We walked into the factory, and there were 60 people processing\nchicken for a shipment to Saudi Arabia. He was shipping 10,000 pounds a day of\nprocessed chicken to Saudi Arabia. Those refrigerated trucks are ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=11670.0,11700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"taken to the\nAtlanta airport and off it goes overseas and eventually Saudi Arabia, Bahrain,\nand Kuwait. So that was my chicken venture.\n\nMAZIAR: Well, you wound up being successful for someone. Yes, you do have a\nknack, I have to say. Let me ask you, because the time is really rolling on and\nwe're going to close briefly. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=11700.0,11730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You said you got something from your dad. I was\nwondering what it was that your dad taught you about perseverance or not being\nafraid to try new things.\n\nGOLDBERG: My dad spent his whole career in the ice cream business.\n\nMAZIAR: Doing?\n\nGOLDBERG: He was not an adventuresome individual. He was superintendent of an\nice cream plant in my home town in Worcester, Massachusetts. He always felt\nthere were opportunities that he didn't go after, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=11730.0,11760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that he wanted me to think of\nthings differently. He sort of raised me that way. I went through college. My\nparents [Rebecca and Max Goldberg] never paid a penny. I earned it. I worked for\nit. I went in the Navy when I was 17 years old. My mother wasn't happy, but I went.\n\nMAZIAR: Just because you wanted to do that, you were ready?\n\nGOLDBERG: The war was on. I became a Navy pilot. I came back four years later\nand went back to Dartmouth College and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=11760.0,11790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"finished up. But my father was one of the\nmost respected people I've ever met in my life. I never heard a cuss word out of\nthat man. I never heard a damn or a hell or anything. I mean, he was a\npuritanical Yankee if there ever was one. He was born in London [England]. Came\nto the United States when he was like 18 months old with his mother because his\nfather was over in South Africa hunting for diamonds or some damn foolish thing.\nGot caught up in a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=11790.0,11820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"world war or whatever it was. He taught me right as a\nyoungster to look for opportunity and not to be afraid to take chances.\n\nMAZIAR: And how about your mother?\n\nGOLDBERG: My mother was a go-getter. My mother was what my father should have\nbeen. She was kind of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=11820.0,11850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"impetus between some of the things he did. He started\nin the ice cream business and then they were married and had my older sister\n[Eleanor Goldberg Neddleman]. They got into the bakery business. My mother had\nhad some experience with it previously, so they had a bakery in my home town.\nThey lived upstairs over it. Then they decided to sell the bakery because the\nice cream business... their people wanted him back again. They wanted to promote\nhim, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=11850.0,11880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so he went back. He spent 40 years in the ice cream business with National\nDairy Corporation which is Sealtest Ice Cream.\n\nMAZIAR: And your mother, did she work again?\n\nGOLDBERG: No. My mother never worked. My mother couldn't read English. My mother\ncould speak English. She couldn't read it. Never went to school. She came over\nhere as a girl of 16.\n\nMAZIAR: From?\n\nGOLDBERG: From Lithuania it really was. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=11880.0,11910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was on the Polish-Lithuanian border.\n\nMAZIAR: Did they speak English at home?\n\nGOLDBERG: No.\n\nMAZIAR: They spoke Yiddish at home?\n\nGOLDBERG: Spoke Yiddish at home.\n\nMAZIAR: Even though your father was born in London?\n\nGOLDBERG: In my home.\n\nMAZIAR: Yes.\n\nGOLDBERG: I thought you meant my mother's home. No, they spoke English.\n\nMAZIAR: In the home you grew up in?\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes. They spoke Yiddish when they didn't want us to know what was\ngoing on, but eventually I understood. She wasn't fluent in English. I mean, she\ncould look at a paper ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=11910.0,11940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and make out some of it. She spoke Polish, Lithuanian, and\nRussian very fluently. So, she just raised kids and kept the household.\n\nMAZIAR: You do have wonderful taste in things, looking around at your office and\nat your artwork on the walls. I was wondering if you had any of that in your own\nfamily. Were there opportunities for...\n\nGOLDBERG: No, there really wasn't. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=11940.0,11970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the activities I got involved in was\nthe High Museum. In fact, I became vice president in charge of operations at the\nHigh Museum. I enjoyed that. I was on their board for over 12 years. I enjoyed\nthat. That's where I really got an appreciation for it. But nothing in my family.\n\nMAZIAR: And your sister? What happened to your sister?\n\nGOLDBERG: My sister was an actress in radio. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=11970.0,12000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She went to the American Academy of\nDramatic Arts in New York City and graduated from there. Did some radio work\nbecause television didn't exist in her day. Did some radio work in New York City\nand met a guy from my home town that she fell in love with. She came back to\nWorcester and joined one of the local radio stations and was doing a program of\nher own, an hour show. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=12000.0,12030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She was married and raised kids and did that show for a\ngood number of years.\n\nMAZIAR: Is she still alive?\n\nGOLDBERG: No, she died. She had a massive heart attack at age 65. Quite some\ntime now. She did all our radio work before World War II. Walt, her husband,\njoined the Navy. He wound up in Puerto Rico during the war, at the Guantanamo\nNaval Air Base, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=12030.0,12060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and subsequently back to Norfolk Naval Station. She was able to\nlive on base because there was housing there. With their first child, she moved\ndown there and gave up her radio life. She was a very creative person. I think\nsome of that wore off, I'm sure.\n\nMAZIAR: Yes. I think that was obviously percolating in your family.\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes. Mine, by exposure to Judi [sp]. In later years when the kids were\ngrown, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=12060.0,12090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"she became an interior decorator and did a fabulous job of it. Excellent.\nJust make some spending money.\n\nMAZIAR: With your own children, I'm just thinking about this. Is that why you\nsent them to Galloway because Galloway tends to be more creative? It has a kind\nof creative...\n\nGOLDBERG: No. I sent only one kid to Galloway because he had a learning\ndisability. As it turned out, Galloway was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=12090.0,12120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not the school for him because\nGalloway allows a kid to work at his own speed, and this kid needed strong\ndiscipline. I told you, I became chairman of the board at Galloway School.\n[unintelligible] and I agreed after a couple of years that this was not the\nplace for him. So we talked to some counselors and sent him up to, just outside\nof Augusta, Maine, to a school up there. He spent a year up there ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=12120.0,12150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"going to\nschool for kids with learning disabilities and did well. He learned how to ski\nmore than anything else. He came home and we put him into Brandon Hall School,\nwhich was exactly the kind of school. It was perfect. Brandon Hall, at that\npoint, heck, they threw him out and brought in a new man. The school was in all\nkinds of trouble. Jimmy came back, and he finished up. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=12150.0,12180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The last few years of\nhigh school he did at Brandon Hall. Then he went to ABAC, Abraham Baldwin\nAgricultural College down in Tifton, Georgia. Liberal arts kind of stuff. He\ndidn't want to become a farmer.\n\nMAZIAR: Did any of your kids become involved in merchandising or business?\n\nGOLDBERG: No. My daughter is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=12180.0,12210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with Manning Selvage \u0026 Lee.\n\nMAZIAR: Which is?\n\nGOLDBERG: A public relations firm here in Atlanta. My oldest son is with Solo\nCup Company out of Urbana, Illinois, just outside of Chicago. A year ago, he was\npromoted to national accounts manager, which is a fabulous job for a kid in that\nposition. He travels the whole country, meeting with heads of companies and\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=12210.0,12240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"planning programming for business. He's done extremely well. He started with\nthem as a salesman in the Atlanta area working under a supervisor. Within six\nmonths, they were so impressed with him, they sent him down to Orlando [Florida]\nand split the Florida territory and created a territory from Orlando to the East\nCoast, the Kennedy Space Center and Daytona. He opened Disney World for them.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=12240.0,12270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They did not have the Disney account. Their competitor had it. Jeff opened the\nDisney account. It became a multi, multimillion dollar account.\n\nMAZIAR: It sounds like he has the same gene.\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes. He was on his way.\n\nMAZIAR: Sounds like he certainly was. And the other child is?\n\nGOLDBERG: And then there is the crowd.\n\nMAZIAR: That's the crowd?\n\nGOLDBERG: Yes. [Shows a picture] Jeff is on the far right, then his wife.\n\nMAZIAR: And baby.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=12270.0,12300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GOLDBERG: Debra, my daughter, with their first child. Her husband [Chris] right\nbehind them. The kid with the beard on the top is Debra's twin brother, Jimmy,\nwho is not married.\n\nMAZIAR: Good looking group.\n\nGOLDBERG: Thank you.\n\nMAZIAR: I hope they give you much happiness.\n\nGOLDBERG: Oh, they do. They do. Now I have a second granddaughter. Debra had\nanother child. She's a year and a half old. That's the two of them sitting in my\nlap in the picture right by the chair.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=12300.0,12330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MAZIAR: Okay. And they live?\n\nGOLDBERG: They live in Sandy Springs [Georgia]. They just bought a house in\nSandy Springs just a year ago.\n\nMAZIAR: So you get to see them?\n\nGOLDBERG: Oh, yes.\n\nMAZIAR: You get to play with them.\n\nGOLDBERG: All the time.\n\nMAZIAR: Let me just do a little bit of... I think you have to sign something.\n\nGOLDBERG: All right. What, you want a release?\n\nMAZIAR: No. I'm telling you our time. Do you realize it's almost 12 o'clock?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=12330.0,12360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MAZIAR: Today is the 29th.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=12360.0,12390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GOLDBERG: Don't forget to turn your clock ahead Saturday night.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=12390.0,12420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MAZIAR: I need you to sign right down here. [Is there] anything else you can\nthink of?\n\nGOLDBERG: Not a thing.\n\nMAZIAR: We've covered it?\n\nGOLDBERG: I think we've covered it.\n\nMAZIAR: I'm looking forward to reading your book.\n\nGOLDBERG: I have enjoyed meeting you in the first place and spending this time\nwith you.\n\nMAZIAR: Thank you.\n\nGOLDBERG: I have thoroughly enjoyed it.\n\nMAZIAR: I think the tapes are wonderful. I appreciate ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=12420.0,12450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/transcript/30935/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the attention you gave to\nthem and organizing them. I think they are going to be quite a fascinating piece\nin the tapestry of the Atlanta fabric. Thank you so much. It was just great.\n\nGOLDBERG: Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=12450.0,12480.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Goldberg, Joel [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 1929, several department stores combined to form Federated Department Stores. The new company's headquarters were located in Columbus, Ohio. The original businesses that were part of Federated Department Stores included Shillito's, founded in Cincinnati in 1830; Lazarus \u0026amp; Company, founded in Columbus in 1851; Abraham \u0026amp; Strauss, originally known as Wechsler and Abraham and founded in Brooklyn, New York, in 1865; Filene's, originally founded in Boston; and Bloomingdales, which joined the company in 1930. The 1930s were a difficult time for American businesses, as the United States was in the midst of the Great Depression. To improve sales and make its merchandise more accessible for customers, Federated Department Stores began offering credit to its shoppers in 1939.  Fred Lazarus became the company's president in 1945, and the headquarters moved from Columbus to Cincinnati.  Over the next few decades, Federated Department Stores continued to expand.  Numerous acquisitions occurred, including Foley's of Houston, Stern Brothers of New Jersey, Burdines of Miami, Florida, Rike's of Dayton, Ohio, Goldsmith's of Memphis, Tennessee, Bullock's of Los Angeles, I. Magnin of San Francisco, and Rich's of Atlanta.  Federated Department Stores became one of the top ten largest retail firms in the United States during this era.  In 1988, Federated Department Stores went through some major changes. Campeau Corporation took over the company and sold some of its divisions to other retail firms. Federated faced serious debt problems related to the Campeau takeover, and the company was forced to file for bankruptcy in 1990. After some reorganizing, Federated Department Stores reemerged from bankruptcy in 1992, officially known as Federated Department Stores, Inc. The company acquired Macy's, which had filed for bankruptcy, in 1994. This merger created the largest retail corporation in the United States. After the merger, Federated began renaming some of its other stores Macy's as well, further consolidating divisions within the company and capitalizing on the famous Macy's name. Federated Department Stores has recovered from its financial problems of the early 1990s, and it continues to serve as the largest retail business in the nation today.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn June 3, 1962, many of Atlanta’s civic and cultural leaders were returning from a museum tour of Europe sponsored by the Atlanta Art Association when their chartered Boeing 707 crashed upon takeoff at Orly Field near Paris, France. Of the 122 passengers that died, 106 were Atlantans.  Eight crew members also died.  Two flight attendants sitting in the tail section survived.  In an instant the core of Atlanta's arts community was gone. Thirty-three children and young adults lost both parents in the crash. Mayor Ivan Allen, Jr., traveled to Paris to assist with the recovery efforts.  After the Orly disaster, the Atlanta Art Association evolved into the Atlanta Arts Alliance, which would eventually administer the High Museum of Art, the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra, the Alliance Theatre, the 14th Street Playhouse, and the Atlanta College of Art.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWesley Woods was created as the Methodist Home for the Aged as a non-profit charitable corporation in 1954.  Wesley Woods has had lay and clergy leaders on the board of directors from its beginning.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJohn Calvin Portman, Jr., (1924-2017) is an American architect famous for buildings, especially hotels, with multi-storied interior atria. He grew up in Atlanta and had a very large impact on the city, specifically the Peachtree Center complex downtown. His buildings in Atlanta include the Hyatt Regency Atlanta, 230 Peachtree Building (formerly Peachtree Center Tower), AmericasMart (formerly Atlanta Market Center) and the Atlanta Decorative Arts Center.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Home opened in 1951 with 21 residents on 14th Street that had been donated by real estate developer Ben J. Massell.  Construction in 1957 doubled The Home’s capacity for a larger, updated facility. In 1971 the second Jewish Home opened in its current location on Howell Mill Road in Atlanta.  Twenty years later, The Home was renamed The William Breman Jewish Home to honor and recognize its third president, Bill Breman.  In 1999, the old nursing home facility was converted into The Zaban Tower, which provides independent living for low income seniors. In 2012, the board of directors created the overarching brand Jewish Home Life Communities to better reflect the broad range of communities and services for elders.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlav ha-shalom is a Hebrew word used as honorifics for the dead, meaning “Peace be upon him.”  Honorifics are used when naming and speaking of the deceased.  These honorifics are frequently found on gravestones, memorial walls inside the sanctuary of synagogues, in speeches, and in writing such as in obituaries.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCentral Atlanta Progress (CAP), founded in 1941, is a private, not-for-profit corporation that strives to create a robust economic climate for downtown Atlanta, Georgia. The Board of Directors includes business leaders from the Atlanta area. CAP is funded through the investment of businesses and institutions.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWilliam Berry Hartsfield, Sr. (1890-1971), served as the 49th and 51st Mayor of Atlanta.  His tenure extended from 1937 to 1941 and again from 1942 to 1962, making him the longest-serving mayor of his native Atlanta.  It was under his direction that Atlanta became a world-class city with the image of the “City Too Busy to Hate.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIvan Allen, Jr. (1911-2003), was an American businessman who served two terms as the 52nd Mayor of Atlanta during the turbulent civil rights era of the 1960s.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRobert Winship Woodruff (1889-1985) born in Columbus, Georgia, was the president of The Coca-Cola Company from 1923 until 1954.  He was a major philanthropist, and many educational and cultural landmarks in the city of Atlanta bear his name. Included among these are the Woodruff Arts Center, Woodruff Park, and the Robert W. Woodruff Library.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMartin Luther King, Jr. (1929-1968) is best known for his role as a leader in the Civil Rights Movement and the advancement of civil rights using nonviolent civil disobedience based on his Christian beliefs.  A Baptist minister, King became a civil rights activist early in his career.  He led the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott and helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) in 1957, serving as its first president. With the SCLC, King led an unsuccessful struggle against segregation in Albany, Georgia, in 1962, and organized nonviolent protests in Birmingham, Alabama, that attracted national attention following television news coverage of the brutal police response. King also helped to organize the 1963 March on Washington, where he delivered his famous \"I Have a Dream\" speech.  On October 14, 1964, King received the Nobel Peace Prize for combating racial inequality through nonviolence.  In 1965, he and the SCLC helped to organize the Selma to Montgomery marches and the following year, he took the movement north to Chicago to work on segregated housing.  King was assassinated on April 4, 1968 in Memphis, Tennessee. His death was followed by riots in many United States’ cities.  King was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal.  Martin Luther King, Jr. Day was established as a holiday in numerous cities and states beginning in 1971, and as a United States federal holiday in 1986.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Ku Klux Klan (or Knights of the Ku Klux Klan today) is a white supremacist, white nationalist, anti-immigration, anti-Jewish, anti-Catholic, anti-black secret society, whose methods included terrorism and murder.  It was founded in the South in the 1860s and then died out and come back several times, most notably in the 1920s when membership soared again, and then again in the 1960s during the civil rights era. When the Klan was re-founded in 1915 in Georgia, the event was marked by a cross burning on Stone Mountain. In the past it members dressed up in white robes and a pointed hat designed to hide their identity and to terrify. It is still in existence.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e‘White flight’ is a term that originated in the United States starting in the mid-twentieth century, referring to the large-scale departure of whites from urban neighborhoods or schools that were increasingly or predominantly populated by minorities and subsequently moving to suburban areas.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJesse Hill (1927-2012) was one of Atlanta’s most prominent civil rights leader as well as president and chief executive officer of the Atlanta Life Insurance Company from 1973 to 1992.  He used his position in the black business community to promote civil rights in Georgia and Alabama, worked to desegregate University of Georgia in Athens, helped make it possible for blacks to get mortgages to buy homes and organized successful voter registration drives in which 50,000 blacks were registered to vote. He even employed Rosa Parks in his Montgomery office as a secretary during the Montgomery bus boycott.  He supported Martin Luther King, Jr.  Hill was active in the civic and business communities of Atlanta for more than five decades.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHerman Jerome Russell (1930-2014) was born in Atlanta.  He was the founder and former chief executive officer of H. J. Russell and Company and a nationally recognized entrepreneur and philanthropist, as well as an influential leader in Atlanta.  In 1957 he inherited his father’s business and turned the small plastering company into a construction and real estate conglomerate. Some of the construction projects H. J. Russell and Company were a part of include Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport, the Georgia Dome, Philips Arena, and Turner Field. Russell became the first black member of the Atlanta Chamber of Commerce in the 1960’s, and later became the second black president of the chamber. When Russell stepped down in 2004 as head of the company, he handed leadership over to his two sons and daughter.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCoretta Scott King (1927-2006) was an American author, civil rights leader. The widow of Martin Luther King, Jr., Coretta Scott King helped lead the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960’s. King often participated in many of her husband's exploits and goals during the battle for equality. Mrs. King played a prominent role in the years after her husband's 1968 assassination when she took on the leadership of the struggle for racial equality herself and became active in the Women's Movement and the LGBT rights movement. King founded the King Center in Atlanta and sought to make her husband’s birthday a national holiday.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMartin Luther King Sr. (1899-1984) was the father of Martin Luther King, Jr.  He was a Baptist pastor, missionary and an early figure in the Civil Rights Movement.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHosea Lorenzo Williams (1926-2000), born in Attapulgus, Georgia, was a civil rights leader, activist, ordained minister, businessman, philanthropist, and politician.  He is best known as a trusted member of Martin Luther King, Jr.’s, inner circle.  Williams served with the United States Army during World War II in an all African-American unit under General George S. Patton, Jr.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSam Massell, Jr. (b. 1927) is a native of Atlanta and former commercial real estate broker who served from 1970 to 1974 as the 53rd mayor of Atlanta. He is the first Jewish mayor in his city's history.  A lifelong Atlanta resident, Massell has had successful careers in real estate brokerage, elected office, tourism, and association management.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCentennial Summer Olympic Games was an international multi-sport event that was celebrated July 19 to August 14, 1996, in Atlanta, Georgia.  A record 197 nations took part in the games, comprising 10,318 athletes.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e Bernard (Bernie) Marcus (b. 1929) is an American philanthropist and retail entrepreneur. He co-founded the Home Depot and was the company's first CEO.  He served as Chairman of the Board until retiring in 2002.  Marcus heavily contributed to the launch of the Georgia Aquarium in downtown Atlanta in 2005.  Based mostly on the $250 million donation for the Aquarium, Marcus and his wife, Billi, were listed among the top charitable donors in the country by the Chronicle of Philanthropy in 2005. Marcus also funded and founded the Marcus Institute, a center for the provision of comprehensive services for children and adolescents with developmental disabilities.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eErwin Zaban (1921-2010), an Atlanta native, was a philanthropist and community leader, known by many as the ‘Godfather of the Jewish Community.’ After quitting school to help in his father’s Depression-era business at age 15, Zaban built successful businesses worth billions of dollars and donated millions to worthy causes. He worked alongside his parents to build Zep Manufacturing Company. Zep later merged with National Linen and became National Service Industries, a Fortune 500 Company. He donated and raised money for undeveloped land in Dunwoody that became Zaban Park, home of the Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta. He donated money to the Jewish Home, for which the Zaban Tower is named. He helped create the homeless couples’ shelter at The Temple which bears his name.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIsadore M. Weinstein (1887-1954) was an Atlanta businessman who was born in New York City and raised in Cleveland, Ohio. In 1919, he founded the National Linen Supply Company, which expanded and eventually grew into National Service Industries.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWeinstein, Milton N. (1915 - 1999) succeeded his father, Isadore M. (I.M.) Weinstein as head of the National Linen Supply Company.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYoel Levi (b. 1950) was born in Romania and grew up in Israel.  He studied at the Tel Aviv Academy of Music, where he received a Master of Arts degree with distinction. He continued studies at the Jerusalem Academy of Music with Mendi Rodan. He also studied with Franco Ferrara in Siena and Rome, with Kirill Kondrashin in the Netherlands, and at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama in London.  He was Music Director of the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra from 1988 until 2000. Among his many milestones while with the Orchestra were leading the ensemble on a critically acclaimed European tour in 1991, an internationally viewed performance of the Atlanta Symphony at the Opening Ceremony of the Centennial Summer Olympic Games in Atlanta in July 1996.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNed Rifkin served as Director of the High Museum between 1991 and 2000.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Piedmont Driving Club is a private social club in Atlanta, Georgia, with a reputation as one of the most prestigious private clubs in the South. Founded in 1887 originally as the Gentlemen's Driving Club, the name reflected the interest of the members to ‘drive’ their horse and carriages on the club grounds. The club later briefly used the adjacent grounds as a golf course until it sold the land to the city in 1904 to create Piedmont Park. The club's facilities include dining, golf, swimming, fitness, tennis, and squash. Well into the Twentieth century, the club unofficially did not allow minorities to have memberships. In May 2000, the club built an18-hole championship golf course and Par 3 course several miles away on Camp Creek Parkway.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Capital City Club is a private social club founded in Atlanta in 1883. It is among the oldest social organizations in the South.  The Club presently operates three facilities, the oldest of which, the downtown Atlanta club. The Capital City Country Club, located in Brookhaven, was leased in 1913 and purchased in 1915.  In the autumn of 2002 an additional club facility, the Crabapple Golf Club, was completed in the northern portion of Fulton County.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMargaret Mitchell (1900-1949) born in Atlanta, Georgia, was an American novelist and journalist. She wrote the bestselling 1936 novel Gone with the Wind.   \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Standard Club is a Jewish social club that started as the Concordia Association in 1867 in Downtown Atlanta. In 1905, it was reorganized as the ‘Standard Club’ and moved into the former mansion of William C. Sanders near the site of Georgia State University Stadium (formerly Turner Field). In the late 1920s the club moved to Ponce de Leon Avenue in Midtown Atlanta. Later, the club moved to what is now the Lenox Park business park and was located there until 1983. In the 1980s, the club moved to its present location in Johns Creek in Atlanta’s northern suburbs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta raises funds, which are dispersed throughout the Jewish community.  Services also include caring for Jews in need locally and around the world, community outreach, leadership development, and educational opportunities.  It is part of the Jewish Federation of North America (JFNA).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for ‘son of commandment.’  A rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day.  At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes.  He is now duty bound to keep the commandments, he puts on tefillin, and may be counted to the minyan quorum for public worship.  He celebrates the bar mitzvah by being called up to the reading of the Torah in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTefillin, also called ‘phylacteries’ are a set of small black leather boxes containing scrolls of parchment inscribed with verses from the Torah, which are worn by observant Jews during weekday morning prayers.  They are worn around the arm, hand and fingers and on the forehead.  The Torah commands that they should be worn as a “sign” and “remembrance” that G-d brought the children of Israel out of Egypt.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Temple, or ‘Hebrew Benevolent Congregation,’ is Atlanta’s oldest Jewish congregation. The cornerstone was laid on the Temple on Garnett Street in 1875.  The dedication was held in 1877 and the Temple was located there until 1902.  The Temple’s next location on Pryor Street was dedicated in 1902. The Temple’s current location in Midtown on Peachtree Street was dedicated in 1931. The main sanctuary is on the National Register of Historic Places. The Reform congregation now totals approximately 1,500 families (2015).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the Written Torah and the Oral Law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays and more.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA form of Judaism that seeks to preserve Jewish tradition and ritual but has a more flexible approach to the interpretation of the law than Orthodox Judaism.  It attempts to combine a positive attitude toward modern culture, while preserving a commitment to Jewish observance.   They also observe gender equality (mixed seating, women rabbis, and bat mitzvahs).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAhavath Achim was founded in 1887 in a small room on Gilmer Street. In 1901 they moved to a permanent building at the corner of Piedmont and Gilmer Street. In 1921, the congregation constructed a synagogue at Washington Street and Woodward Avenue. The final service in that building was held in 1958 to make way for construction of the Downtown Connector (the concurrent section of Interstate 75 and Interstate 85 through Atlanta). The synagogue moved to its current location on Peachtree Battle Avenue in 1958.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe two High Holy Days are Rosh Ha-Shanah (Jewish New Year) and Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAufruf is the custom of honoring the groom by being called up to the Torah reading on the Sabbath before his wedding.   \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMaftir refers to the last person called up to the Torah on Shabbat and holiday mornings. This person reads the haftorah portion from a related section of the Nevi'im (prophetic books).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Harry Epstein (1903-2003) served as the rabbi of Ahavath Achim Synagogue in Atlanta, Georgia from 1928 to 1982.  Under his leadership the congregation began to shift to Conservatism, which they adopted in 1952. Rabbi Epstein retired in 1982, becoming Rabbi Emeritus and Rabbi Arnold Goodman assumed the rabbinic post.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Jacob Rothschild (1911-1973), born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, was rabbi of the city’s oldest Reform congregation, The Temple, in Atlanta, Georgia from 1946 until his death in 1973 from a heart attack. He forged close relationships with the city’s Christian clergy and distinguished himself as a charismatic spokesperson for civil rights.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTemple Sinai was founded as a Reform congregation in 1968 and met in a variety of locations before establishing a synagogue on Dupree Drive in Sandy Springs, north of Atlanta.  Rabbi Richard Lehrman was chosen as the congregation's founding rabbi.  The current rabbi is Rabbi Ron Segal (2016).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA division within Judaism especially in North America and Western Europe.  Historically it began in the nineteenth century.   In general, the Reform movement maintains that Judaism and Jewish traditions should be modernized and compatible with participation in Western culture.   While the Torah remains the law, in Reform Judaism women are included (mixed seating, bat mitzvah and women rabbis), music is allowed in the services and most of the service is in English.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Richard Lehrman (1938-1979) arrived in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1965 as the assistant rabbi at The Temple. He was chosen as Temple Sinai congregation's founding rabbi in May 1968. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKaddish (Hebrew for ‘holy’) is a hymn of praises to G-d found in the Jewish prayer service that is recited aloud while standing. The central theme of the Kaddish is the magnification and sanctification of G-d's name. Along with the Shema and Amidah, the Kaddish is one of the most important and central elements in the Jewish liturgy.  Mourner's Kaddish is said at all prayer services and certain other occasions. Following the death of a parent, child, spouse, or sibling it is customary to recite the Mourner's Kaddish in the presence of a congregation daily for 30 days, or 11 months in the case of a parent, and then at every anniversary of the death. It is important to note that the Mourner's Kaddish does not mention death at all, but instead praises G-d.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Alvin M. Sugarman, now retired, is the Rabbi Emeritus of The Temple in Atlanta.  He began his rabbinate at the Temple in 1971 and in 1974 was named senior rabbi. A native of Atlanta, Rabbi Sugarman received his BBA from Emory University and was ordained by Hebrew Union College. In 1988 he received his PhD in Theological Studies from Emory University.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeneral William Tecumseh Sherman (1820-1891) served as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War.  He is best known for the harshness of the scorched earth polities he implemented in conducting war against the Confederate States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil War, widely known in the United States as the ‘Civil War’ or the ‘War Between the States,’ was fought from 1861 to 1865 to determine the survival of the Union or independence for the Confederacy. In January 1861, seven Southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America. The Confederacy, often called the ‘South,’ grew to include 11 states, and although they claimed 13 states and additional western territories, the Confederacy was never diplomatically recognized by a foreign country. The states that did not declare secession were known as the ‘Union’ or the ‘North.’ The war had its origin in the issue of slavery.  After four years of bloody combat, which left over 600,000 Union and Confederate soldiers dead and destroyed much of the South's infrastructure, the Confederacy collapsed, slavery was abolished, and the difficult Reconstruction process of restoring national unity and granting civil rights to freed slaves began.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOakland Cemetery is the oldest cemetery and one of the largest green spaces, in Atlanta. Many notable Georgians are buried at Oakland including Margaret Mitchell, author of Gone with the Wind; Joseph Jacobs, owner of the pharmacy where John Pemberton first sold Coca-Cola as a soft drink; Bobby Jones, the only golfer to win the Grand Slam, the United States Amateur, United States Open, British Amateur and the Open Championship in the same year; as well as former Georgia governors and Atlanta mayors.  Oakland is an excellent example of a Victorian-style cemetery and contains numerous monuments and mausoleums that are of great beauty and historical significance.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJacob’s Pharmacy was a chain of drug stores founded by Joseph Jacobs. Jacobs was born in Jefferson, Georgia.  He attended the University of Georgia in 1877 and received a degree from the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy in 1879. In 1879 Jacobs opened the Athens Pharmaceutical Company in Athens, Georgia.  In 1884, he bought a drug store in Downtown Atlanta on the southwest corner of Peachtree and Marietta Streets where, in 1886, Coca-Cola was served for the first time as a fountain drink. There was also a Jacob’s Pharmacy in the heart of Atlanta’s Buckhead neighborhood where Charlie Loudermilk Park is now located.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Tobe Award was one of the outstanding honors which can be awarded a retail merchant.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=5340.0,5370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHenry Aaron Alexander, Sr. (1874-1967), husband of Manya (Marion) Klonitsky-Kline Alexander, was born in Atlanta, Georgia. He was a prominent attorney, scholar, and religious leader. Alexander served in the Georgia State House of Representatives and was a veteran of World War I. He was also a president of the Atlanta Historical Society and a prominent Atlanta attorney. He was a member of the defense team in the trial of Leo Frank.  In 1930 he built one of the largest homes in Atlanta on Peachtree Road, with 33 rooms and 13 bathrooms. Alexanders sold part of their land for development of the Phipps Plaza Mall which opened in 1969.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=5670.0,5700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAssociated Merchandising Corporation is based in New York, New York.  It operates as a retail merchandising sourcing services provider in apparel and other general merchandise.  Associated’s largest store member, Federated Department Stores, left the fold in 1983.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=6210.0,6240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eScrip was used during the Great Depression era as a substitute for government issued currency.  Because of the banks closing temporarily and the lack of physical currency, someone had to come up with another form of currency to keep the economy going and a way for trade to continue.  Therefore, the old idea of local currency was reborn.  Paper, cardboard, wood, metal tokens, leather, clam shells and even parchment made from fish skin was used.  At one point, the government considered issuing a nationwide scrip on a temporary basis.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=6630.0,6660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew: Pesach.  The anniversary of Israel’s liberation from Egyptian bondage.  The holiday lasts for eight days. Unleavened bread, matzah, is eaten in memory of the unleavened bread prepared by the Israelite during their hasty flight from Egypt, when they had not time to wait for the dough to rise.  On the first two nights of Passover, the seder, the central event of the holiday is celebrated.  The seder service is one of the most colorful and joyous occasions in Jewish life.  In addition to eating matzah during the seder, Jews are prohibited from eating leavened bread during the entire week of Passover. In addition, Jews are also supposed to avoid foods made with wheat, barley, rye, spelt or oats unless those foods are labeled ‘kosher for Passover.’ Jews traditionally have separate dishes for Passover.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=7200.0,7230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSeder (meaning “order” in Hebrew”) is a Jewish ritual feast that marks the beginning of the Jewish holiday of Passover. It is conducted on the evening of the fifteenth day of Nisan in the Hebrew calendar throughout the world.  Some communities hold seder on both the first two nights of Passover. The seder incorporates prayers, candle lighting, and traditional foods symbolizing the slavery of the Jews and the exodus from Egypt. 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Goodman served as senior rabbi of Ahavath Achim from 1982 to 2002. He came to Atlanta from Minnesota where he served as rabbi of Adath Jeshurun in Minnetonka since 1966.  He currently serves as its senior rabbinic scholar. Upon his retirement, the synagogue honored them by designating its adult education program as Beit Aharon: The Rabbi Arnold and Rae Goodman Learning Institute for adult studies.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=7350.0,7380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Community Chests in the United States and Canada were fund-raising organizations that collected money from local businesses and workers and distributed it to community projects. The first Community Chest, \"Community Fund,\" was founded in 1913 in Cleveland, Ohio by the Federation for Charity and Philanthropy. By 1963, and after several name changes, the term “United Way” was adopted in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=7740.0,7770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e[1] The Great Atlanta Fire of 1917 began just after noon on Monday, May 21, 1917.  It blazed all day and was finally brought under control by 10 p.m. This fire started in a warehouse at Fort and Decatur Street and rapidly spread. It burned whole blocks of homes so quickly that people couldn't even get anything out of the buildings. Soldiers arrived to dynamite buildings to try to stop it. Fire fighters came from cities in Tennessee (Chattanooga, Knoxville, and Nashville), Jacksonville, Florida, Greenville, South Carolina, and across Georgia including Rome, Augusta, Macon, Newnan, Marietta, Griffin, Gainesville, and Savannah. The area continued to burn and smolder for a week. 300 acres had been burned, 1,938 buildings were destroyed and 10,000 people (mostly ‘Negroes’) were made homeless. Property loss was $5,500,000. See Atlanta and Environs, Franklin Garrett, Volume II, page 700 to 706 for details.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=8430.0,8460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/annotation_set/544/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The time of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries, it started in about 1929 and lasted until the late 1930’s or early 1940’s. 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Rich's Department Stores.  It was a foundation they set up whereby they took a portion of the profits from the company each year and put it in the foundation.  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I'm with Joel Goldberg.  The date is March 14, 1994.  Mr. Goldberg has prepared some extensive information about Rich's Department Store.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=4130.0,4965.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/index/48436/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta, Ga","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Daniel Rich","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Davison-Paxton-Stokes","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Elise Sartorius Rich","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Frank Neely","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Joseph Jacobs","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Joseph Rich","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julia Teitlebaum Rich","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Karchau, Hungary","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"M. 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How was he involved in this again?  He was involved in Davison's?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=4965.0,6184.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/index/48436/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Strauss","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dick Rich","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Frank Neely","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Fulton Bag and Cotton Mills","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Georgia Institute of Technology","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Georgia Tech","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Harold Brockey","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Henry Aaron Alexander, Sr.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Herman Rosenheim","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rae Schlesinger Neely","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rosalind Rosenheim","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Rich Foundation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Westinghouse","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=4965.0,6184.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/index/48436/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Goldberg's career at Rich's","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652#t=6184.0,7187.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46558/file/119652/index/48436/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MAZIAR: Let me ask you.  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