{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/t14th8cc81/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Goodfriend, Cantor Isaac (2003)"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2003-05-08 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eCantor Isaac Goodfriend interviewed by Sara Ghitis and Ruth Einstein on May 8, 2003 in Dunwoody, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eCantor Isaac Goodfriend was born in Piotrkow, Poland on January 20, 1924. He was the oldest of five children born to a Hassidic family. The family moved to Lodz, where his paternal grandfather operated a dry goods store, when Isaac was a year old. Religious traditions and observations dominated every part of the family’s lives. Isaac attended cheder and yeshiva, and after his bar mitzvah, he was sent to Sosnowiec to study in an advanced yeshiva. He returned to Lodz shortly before the Germans invaded Poland in 1939.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn 1940, the family fled to Piotrkow, where they joined his extended family in the ghetto. Isaac was sent to work at the Kara glass factory. His father died in 1941. Two aunts and a cousin escaped the ghetto, living in hiding at a nearby Polish farm. The rest of his family, including his mother and siblings, were killed when the Piotrkow ghetto was liquidated in 1942. Isaac remained in Piotrkow, living and working at the glass factory. At the end of 1943, Isaac realized that the Kara camp was about to be liquidated and made plans to escape with his friend. The two made it to the farm where his surviving family members were hiding. Isaac and his friend worked on the farm under the guise of being the farmer’s distant family members until the Russians liberated the area in January 1945.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAfter the war Isaac traveled to Berlin, where he met his wife, Betty, a fellow survivor. The couple immigrated to Paris and Canada and finally settled in the United States. After the war, Isaac became a world-class cantor. He attended the Berlin Conservatory of Music, McGill Conservatory of Music, Conservatoire Provincial de Quebec, the Music School Settlement, and Baldwin Wallace College. In 1952, Isaac served as cantor at the Shaare Zion Congregation in Montreal and later at Cleveland's Community Temple in Cleveland, Ohio. In 1962, Isaac became a US citizen. He moved to Atlanta, Georgia in 1965, where he served as cantor for Ahavath Achim Synagogue for thirty years.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGoodfriend earned many honors during his illustrious career, including the Kavod Award (Cantors Assembly for America ) in 1995 and an honorary Doctor of Music Degree (Jewish Theological Seminary) in 1998. In January 1977, he was selected to sing the National Anthem in Washington, D.C. at President Jimmy Carter’s inauguration. In 1979, President Carter appointed Goodfriend to the President’s Commission on the Holocaust. He was a charter member of the United States Holocaust Memorial Council. In 1985, the governor of Georgia appointed Cantor Goodfriend to serve on the statewide Holocaust Memorial Commission. in 1986 he was invited to participate in the centennial celebration for the Statue of Liberty.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCantor Goodfriend was active in numerous organizations including the Hebrew Order of David, Jewish National Fund, ORT, Zionist Organization of America, and Workman’s Circle. He appeared in one Hollywood-made motion picture, \"Summer of My German Soldier\". His memoir, By Fate or Faith: The Saga of a Survivor, was published in 2002.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBetty and Isaac had three sons. Betty died in 2008. Isaac died on August 10, 2009. They are both buried in Israel.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, Goodfriend focuses on his career as cantor. He provides brief background information. He details his experiences after liberation. Goodfriend mentions how he met his wife and what their wedding was like. He speaks about moving from German DP camps to Paris and learning to be a tailor. Goodfriend recalls coming back to Germany and becoming a cantor. He explains why he and his wife decided to have children and did not want to go to Israel. He recounts his arrival in Canada and beginning to build a new life in Montreal. Goodfriend outlines how he started his career as a cantor and formally studied music. He explains the importance of the Yiddish language in his life. Goodfriend recollects briefly moving to Boston, Massachusetts before taking a job in Cleveland, Ohio. He talks about the differences he has observed in modern services and between Orthodox and Traditional congregations. Goodfriend talks about his work ethic. He shares an anecdote about a friend of his father. Goodfriend explains what attracted him to Ahavath Achim (AA) synagogue in Atlanta. He describes his involvement in Jewish organizations. Goodfriend considers how Atlanta and its Jewish community has grown. He expresses his fondness of and respect for Rabbi Harry Epstein. Goodfriend recalls the different kinds of music he was able to introduce to congregation during his tenure. He describes the sense of responsibility he feels as a cantor. Goodfriend details the highlights and challenges of his career. He reflects on how perspectives of Judaism have evolved. Goodfriend considers why he did not lose his faith during the Holocaust. He describes his relationships with various rabbis over the years. He expresses his belief in the importance of education. Goodfriend recalls teaching Judaism to high school students. He reflects on why he is not bitter about his survival and the losses he experienced. Goodfriend describes the role charity has always played in his life. He remembers the interview process for AA and the members he got to know. Goodfriend discusses how important it is for younger generations to be loyal to and know about their religion. He shares his opinion of Israel and antisemitism. Goodfriend reiterates the importance of education.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28487"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Goodfriend, Isaac (personal name)","Lodz, Poland (geographic)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic)","Cantor (topical term)","Epstein, Rabbi Harry H. (personal name)","Holocaust (named event)","Ahavath Achim Synagogue in Atlanta (local term)","Zionism/Israel/Palestine (topical term)","Berlin, Germany (geographic)","Carter, President James \"Jimmy\" Earl (personal name)","Montreal, Canada (geographic)","Shaare Zion Congregation (Montreal, Canada) (local term)","Cleveland (Ohio) (geographic)","Community Temple in Cleveland (local term)","Statue of Liberty, Centennial (named event)","Jewish National Fund (corporate name)","By Fate or Faith: The Saga of a Survivor (other)","Orthodox Judaism (genre/form)","Zionist Organization of America (corporate name)","Cantors Assembly for America (corporate name)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eCantor Isaac Goodfriend interviewed by Sara Ghitis and Ruth Einstein on May 8, 2003 in Dunwoody, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCantor Isaac Goodfriend was born in Piotrkow, Poland on January 20, 1924. He was the oldest of five children born to a Hassidic family. The family moved to Lodz, where his paternal grandfather operated a dry goods store, when Isaac was a year old. Religious traditions and observations dominated every part of the family’s lives. Isaac attended cheder and yeshiva, and after his bar mitzvah, he was sent to Sosnowiec to study in an advanced yeshiva. He returned to Lodz shortly before the Germans invaded Poland in 1939.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn 1940, the family fled to Piotrkow, where they joined his extended family in the ghetto. Isaac was sent to work at the Kara glass factory. His father died in 1941. Two aunts and a cousin escaped the ghetto, living in hiding at a nearby Polish farm. The rest of his family, including his mother and siblings, were killed when the Piotrkow ghetto was liquidated in 1942. Isaac remained in Piotrkow, living and working at the glass factory. At the end of 1943, Isaac realized that the Kara camp was about to be liquidated and made plans to escape with his friend. The two made it to the farm where his surviving family members were hiding. Isaac and his friend worked on the farm under the guise of being the farmer’s distant family members until the Russians liberated the area in January 1945.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAfter the war Isaac traveled to Berlin, where he met his wife, Betty, a fellow survivor. The couple immigrated to Paris and Canada and finally settled in the United States. After the war, Isaac became a world-class cantor. He attended the Berlin Conservatory of Music, McGill Conservatory of Music, Conservatoire Provincial de Quebec, the Music School Settlement, and Baldwin Wallace College. In 1952, Isaac served as cantor at the Shaare Zion Congregation in Montreal and later at Cleveland's Community Temple in Cleveland, Ohio. In 1962, Isaac became a US citizen. He moved to Atlanta, Georgia in 1965, where he served as cantor for Ahavath Achim Synagogue for thirty years.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGoodfriend earned many honors during his illustrious career, including the Kavod Award (Cantors Assembly for America ) in 1995 and an honorary Doctor of Music Degree (Jewish Theological Seminary) in 1998. In January 1977, he was selected to sing the National Anthem in Washington, D.C. at President Jimmy Carter’s inauguration. In 1979, President Carter appointed Goodfriend to the President’s Commission on the Holocaust. He was a charter member of the United States Holocaust Memorial Council. In 1985, the governor of Georgia appointed Cantor Goodfriend to serve on the statewide Holocaust Memorial Commission. in 1986 he was invited to participate in the centennial celebration for the Statue of Liberty.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCantor Goodfriend was active in numerous organizations including the Hebrew Order of David, Jewish National Fund, ORT, Zionist Organization of America, and Workman’s Circle. He appeared in one Hollywood-made motion picture, \"Summer of My German Soldier\". His memoir, By Fate or Faith: The Saga of a Survivor, was published in 2002.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBetty and Isaac had three sons. Betty died in 2008. Isaac died on August 10, 2009. They are both buried in Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, Goodfriend focuses on his career as cantor. He provides brief background information. He details his experiences after liberation. Goodfriend mentions how he met his wife and what their wedding was like. He speaks about moving from German DP camps to Paris and learning to be a tailor. Goodfriend recalls coming back to Germany and becoming a cantor. He explains why he and his wife decided to have children and did not want to go to Israel. He recounts his arrival in Canada and beginning to build a new life in Montreal. Goodfriend outlines how he started his career as a cantor and formally studied music. He explains the importance of the Yiddish language in his life. Goodfriend recollects briefly moving to Boston, Massachusetts before taking a job in Cleveland, Ohio. He talks about the differences he has observed in modern services and between Orthodox and Traditional congregations. Goodfriend talks about his work ethic. He shares an anecdote about a friend of his father. Goodfriend explains what attracted him to Ahavath Achim (AA) synagogue in Atlanta. He describes his involvement in Jewish organizations. Goodfriend considers how Atlanta and its Jewish community has grown. He expresses his fondness of and respect for Rabbi Harry Epstein. Goodfriend recalls the different kinds of music he was able to introduce to congregation during his tenure. He describes the sense of responsibility he feels as a cantor. Goodfriend details the highlights and challenges of his career. He reflects on how perspectives of Judaism have evolved. Goodfriend considers why he did not lose his faith during the Holocaust. He describes his relationships with various rabbis over the years. He expresses his belief in the importance of education. Goodfriend recalls teaching Judaism to high school students. He reflects on why he is not bitter about his survival and the losses he experienced. Goodfriend describes the role charity has always played in his life. He remembers the interview process for AA and the members he got to know. Goodfriend discusses how important it is for younger generations to be loyal to and know about their religion. He shares his opinion of Israel and antisemitism. Goodfriend reiterates the importance of education.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/116/495/small/Goodfriend_Isaac.mp4_1622739244.jpg?1622724845","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Goodfriend_Isaac.mp4"]},"duration":12292.333,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/116/495/small/Goodfriend_Isaac.mp4_1622739244.jpg?1622724845","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/116/495/original/Goodfriend_Isaac.mp4?1622724822","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":12292.333,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Isaac Goodfriend [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GHITIS: Today is May 8, 2003. We are interviewing Cantor Isaac Goodfriend. We\nare at his home in Atlanta, Georgia, in Dunwoody, Georgia. Cantor Goodfriend,\ncould you please state your name and your . . .\n\nGOODFRIEND: Rank? [laughs]\n\nGHITIS: . . . your original name?\n\nGOODFRIEND: My original name?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GHITIS: Both.\n\nGOODFRIEND: Now it's Isaac Goodfriend. Before, it was I-Z-E-A Izeac\nG-U-T-F-R-A-I-N-D. Now it's Americanized, G-O-O-D-F-R-I-E-N-D.\n\nGHITIS: Could you tell me where you were born?\n\nGOODFRIEND: I was born in a town in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"central Poland [called] Piotrkow. It's about 44 kilometers (27 miles) south of Lodz. Lodz was the second largest city in Poland. This is about 44 kilometers. It's spelled P-I-O-T as in Tom, R-K-O-W and it's slash T-R-Y-B for Trybunalski. It's shortened because it used to be a province ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"town during the Russians.\n\nGHITIS: What was the address of your home?\n\nGOODFRIEND: Where I grew up? I grew up before the war in Lodz because my father comes from that city. My father, my grandfather, his father, and the whole\nfamily was born in Lodz. Their business was in Lodz. He happened to marry my\nmother. She lived in Piotrkow, so ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was born there.\n\nGHITIS: Let us move in time somewhat. Tell me where you were at the end of the war.\n\nGOODFRIEND: At the end of the war, I was in that city, where I was born. This is where I was liberated. I did not leave Poland until after the war. I was in a labor camp ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then I was hidden by a Polish farmer. When the Russians came in, I was liberated by the Russians. I left Poland in 1945 after the war and hoped\nto find somebody in the family.\n\nGHITIS: What happened right after you were liberated?\n\nGOODFRIEND: We didn't know what to do. We didn't believe the war was over. We didn't know that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"things were going to change, we'd lead a normal life. We looked around. We hung out with friends who are the same age and we went from one city to another, adventurers, and see what's happening, and meet the Russians soldiers, our liberators, talk to them. We didn't know what to do until I met my wife and we got married.\n\nGHITIS: How old were you at that time?\n\nGOODFRIEND: At that time, I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"almost 21.\n\nGHITIS: You said you had adventures.\n\nGOODFRIEND: Not adventures . . .\n\nGHITIS: Do you remember any?\n\nGOODFRIEND: We wanted go see this city, go to another city. We didn't plan. It\nwas whatever came. Somebody said, \"Let's go to Breslau.\" Breslau was a former German city. It was annexed to Poland. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was called Breslav after the war. They said, \"Let's what's going on in Breslav.\" The reason why? I didn't know. They didn't know. Just, \"Let's go. Let's go.\" Because we were closed in all those years. It was open, we can go. We couldn't go. There was no transportation. Someway we went on top of trains and in front of the motors, like sitting on the nose of the locomotives. It ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was cold. [We thought,] \"I survived this; I'll survive everything.\" We went, looked around. That's all we did until we started\nto realize we are free; you could do something for yourself. We did whatever we\ncould. I can't . . . There were many things that popped up every day.\n\nGHITIS: During this period, who was aiding you? Was there any funding?\n\nGOODFRIEND: Nobody. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was alone.\n\nGHITIS: No organizations?\n\nGOODFRIEND: The organizations was the relief organizations that were sponsored by the Russians or the Polish Joint. We didn't know who was in charge. We only knew that we came to this and this place where a Jewish committee is and they gave you food and they gave you a place to stay because we didn't know where to stay, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where to sleep overnight. One night, they said, \"You'll sleep in this and this German family . . . It's a German family and they'll be evicted anyway.\" They put up a few people. That was not comfortable to go to-- Until I got my own apartment . . . somebody else's apartment and they stayed a short time there. We moved around. We didn't stay in one place too long.\n\nGHITIS: You said you met your wife pretty soon?\n\nGOODFRIEND: I met her in October ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1945, but it was so long from the liberation to October. We went to Berlin. We went back to Poland. We went back to Berlin. It was sort of a thoughtless life. We didn't make plans. We simply lived. We lived\nfor the day. Never mind the week. For the day. Look, tomorrow, G-d will ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"provide.\n\nGHITIS: Can you tell me about the circumstance of meeting your wife?\n\nGOODFRIEND: The circumstances were unpredictable. I didn't plan to. I met other girls, too, but this one was, as we would say, beschert [Yiddish: destiny],\ndestined. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It just so happened she was born in a different country and I was born\nin a different country. She happens to come to Berlin with three other girls.\nThey were in the Russian army. They were staying in my apartment. I had an\napartment in the Russian zone, in the Russian sector of Berlin, and I had one in\nthe American sector. Don't me why. I don't know. Because it was closer to the\nplace where they were gathering when the Jewish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people came, so I had an\napartment not to schlep [Yiddish: haul] all over town, to go back at night, it\nwas still curfew. I rented a room by a German family. I stayed there. When I\nwanted to go to the American sector, I had a room there, so we stayed there. We\nwere together five young people. How we came to Berlin [is because] one was\nlooking for his father so he asked us to accompany him, to help him find his\nfather. We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did find his him. We did find his father. He's the only one of the\ngroup still alive. From the five we were together; he is the only one of the\ngroup still alive. He's in New York. We saw each other--\n\nGHITIS: What's his name?\n\nGOODFRIEND: Adich Zollinger. I just saw him a few months ago in Miami [Florida]. I met Betty because a friend of mine was sort of-- ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We sort of met in Berlin. It was same background as I was--religious and he wanted to go to services--so we had a lot in common. He said, \"There are three Jewish girls sleeping in your apartment.\" I said--I wanted to be funny--\"I didn't give you permission to let anybody in. By the way, where are they?\" [I asked it] in the same breath. He told me and he took ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me there. I met the three of them. We were sitting in a restaurant in Berlin. We met and this was it. We met in October and we got married in January.\n\nGHITIS: You said she was in the same apartment or . . .\n\nGOODFRIEND: In my apartment.\n\nGHITIS: Apartment building?\n\nGOODFRIEND: No, in my actual apartment. I rented a room or two rooms from a German family. You could not find an apartment ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Berlin. It was not easy\nbecause everything was bombed out, except for money, you could get an apartment. As I say, it was beschert. I paid; I got an apartment. That's how it happened. I met her and it clicked.\n\nGHITIS: What kind of wedding did you have?\n\nGOODFRIEND: If you want, I will tell you. It's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unbelievable. I had over 300\npeople at the wedding. I didn't know more than maybe ten survivors. I invited\neveryone who wanted to come. Every Jew who wanted to come to my wedding, I invited him. We didn't send any invitations. I told the American chaplain in the\nAmerican Army, Rabbi Joe Shubow, who was from Boston [Massachusetts]. I said, \"You invite all the GIs--Jewish GIs, of course--and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the French . . . whoever.\nGet together the French, the Russians . . .\" He said, \"Okay.\" And the British,\nand the British Brigade--soldiers from the Jewish Brigade, from Palestine. They\nall came. I'm looking now at pictures from my wedding. I think, \"Oh, my G-d.\" I\ndidn't know who they were. And there was a delegation from Sweden. That day,\nthey came in, and they brought packages for all the refugees. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was a DP camp in Berlin. \"Invite them,\" I said, \"Let them come.\" They all came. I remember singing Hatikvah--it was a great thing--at my wedding. The only thing that was missing was my family.\n\nGHITIS: Did you do something to remember your parents at your wedding?\n\nGOODFRIEND: How could I forget? Of course. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Usually, you know the parents take the bride down the aisle and the parents of the groom, they take the groom and chazzan down the aisle? The only one that was close to Betty was her sister. Her sister and brother-in-law, they lived in Munich [Germany]. They were already in the DP camp Feldafing. They came for the wedding. But on my side, there was nobody there, except ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those landfraynds [Yiddish: friends from my country], those few kids that we hung out together.\n\nGHITIS: Who married you?\n\nGOODFRIEND: A rabbi who was passing through, a rabbi from Lida [Belarus]. He was a real old fashion rabbi with a beard. He came from Russia, the city of Lida. That was Belarus. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He did the wedding. The chaplain did not co-officiate. It was a real old fashioned. I had a kitel and it was done exactly the way it would\nhave been done in the old country.\n\nGHITIS: Was a special prayer said in the memory of your parents at the wedding?\n\nGOODFRIEND: Yes. We cried ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a lot. Yes. Because I looked around and there were friends, but I remembered my parents, my grandparents, but there was nothing we could do because we knew that this is it. Call of the wedding for what? Wait for some family to come? There was no way. There was nobody to be expected. My mother's two sisters were in Poland and they didn't come. Maybe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they didn't agree with the match. Who knows?\n\nGHITIS: You said you came from a religious background?\n\nGOODFRIEND: Very religious background.\n\nGHITIS: Can you tell me about it?\n\nGOODFRIEND: It was a Hasidic upbringing. My parents, my grandparents, and my whole family were very Orthodox, more than Orthodox. We observed more than is required, which is, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the way, the dictum of Hassidism, that you observe more than the law requires. This was in us. We lived it this way. Questions about tobe Jewish was not taught in cheder or the afternoon school. It was the way a Jew lives. It was without any questions and without any problems. This was our life. Shabbos ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was Shabbos, and Yontif was Yontif, and whatever. We lived . . . This is the way we're supposed to live. We didn't know any other way.\n\nGHITIS: What happened immediately after you got married?\n\nGOODFRIEND: In what way? What happened? We moved. We moved around from one place to the other. We left Berlin and we went to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DP camps.\n\nGHITIS: What DP camps?\n\nGOODFRIEND: We were in Zeilsheim, near Frankfurt [Germany]. From there, we went to join Betty's sister in Feldafing. We didn't stay too long there because Betty found out she has a sister in Paris [France] she didn't know because the sister was the oldest. She left Lithuania when Betty was a baby, so she didn't know her. She found out that she lives in Paris. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Of course, there were only a few\npeople left. She had one brother in Russia, and her sister in Germany, and the\none in Paris. The first thing was: go to Paris. It's normal. I went first to\nParis. You had to smuggle into Paris. It wasn't easy to go to Paris. We went\nwith the Aliyah Bet, the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people who took the Jewish young people to go to\nPalestine. I went to Paris with them. France was not like France is today. They\ngave the Haganah or whoever might be in charge, enough space there near\nMarseilles [France] to train and help them, so all these young people ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who wanted to go to Palestine, went through France. I stopped off before Paris in Nancy [France]--without the language--and I went by train to Paris. I found out . . . I had the address where they lived and the taxi took me there. I got to meet\nBetty's sister before she did. A few months later, she followed me up.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GHITIS: Had you been thinking about how to support yourself, about a career\nduring this time?\n\nGOODFRIEND: Careers? There was no . . . A trade, I didn't have. Business? It was not steady business. We did what everybody else did. We bought here and sold there. We bought there and sold here. It was just to survive. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then, the ORT\nschool in Paris gave me an opportunity to learn a trade. I enrolled in the ORT\nschool because my sister-in-law, Betty's sister, was involved in the ORT school.\nShe was in charge of the kitchen. She cooked for all of the students and she\nlived in the ORT school. This was my first place to live in Paris, sleeping on\nthe tables where the mechanics used to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"draw their plans. We managed until I\nlearned a trade.\n\nGHITIS: What was that?\n\nGOODFRIEND: A tailor, a schneider [Yiddish: tailor]. Believe me, I am not a\nschneider. I learned how to sew on an electric sewing machine. It came cut,\nready to sew together the seams. They took out, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you got pointers from real\ntailors. They said, \"You come. Watch me.\" They showed me how I sew in a pocket here, a pocket here. The most difficult thing was putting pockets in pants. In those days, it was not mechanized where you put it on and press a button and\nit's done. There, you had to be careful and do everything by hand. You may could cut a little too much in the pants. You have to throw away the pants. They\ndidn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"come out.\n\nGHITIS: How was the operation conducted? Did you do the sewing?\n\nGOODFRIEND: I did the sewing, Betty sewed the buttons, and made the button\nholes, and the pants. Then I was going to get work. I couldn't afford to buy the\nmaterial and cut it. I had to go out and get out the work like a subcontractor.\nI had one machine. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was a big firm--Kahn Brothers--in downtown Paris. I go\ndown, say, \"I'm a tailor. Can I get some work?\" [He said,] \"Oh, my gosh, of\ncourse!\" He gives me 20 pairs of pants [and said,] \"Bring it back, I'll give you\nmore.\" Usually, 20 pairs of pants, normally, if you know what to do, should last\na day. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It lasted me a week until I finished it but I ruined, I butchered it up\nso bad, I was afraid to bring it in or he'll kill me or hire someone to kill me.\nI knew I ruined it. I ruined them. I was standing in the downstairs in the\ngateway to go up the steps. He lived on the third floor. I mean, this factory or\nthe business was on the third floor. I waited until ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they went out, left the\nbuilding. Then I went up the steps. I was watching. I walked up the steps,\ncarrying this [bundle of pants] on my shoulders. I didn't see him. I dropped it\non the counter and ran out. I had my name I put on it. I waited three days.\nThen, I came up very timid. I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"afraid. I opened the door. [He yelled,] \"Where\nwere you? I have so much work for you!\" That's all he said. He gave me 40 pairs\nof pants. I hired help. Somebody else helped me who was already a tailor. I put\nan ad. He happened to be a landsman. Turns out, he was a landsman from the same town, but he left before the war. He was a communist. He had to run away. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was my right hand. He showed me what to do, how to do it. He was really a great help, Jack. I had one picture of him. I became a big shot. I worked 16 hours a day. I eked out a living. It was not to get rich, but at least feed my wife. We did live in Paris like young ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people. It's something that . . . We went out\nalmost every night, ate at restaurants.\n\nGHITIS: What about singing at this point in your life?\n\nGOODFRIEND: Singing? I sang. I always had a voice. In Paris, somebody told me, \"Why don't you go and sing in the choir? They pay.\" Every little bit helps, so I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"auditioned. I went down to the synagogue in Paris and I auditioned for the\ncantor. He said, \"Okay.\" I get a solo right away. I said, \"Okay.\" He paid me\nwhatever it was. It was good pay in those days. I got involved in signing in\nthat synagogue.\n\nGHITIS: Where did that come from? Who taught you the songs you knew?\n\nGOODFRIEND: Just my ear, listening. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I grew up in a house . . . my father used to love to daven for the congregation--not as a vocation. He was a businessman. He was in the textile business. But he loved to sing. He didn't have a trained\nvoice. He didn't sing in the shower. We didn't have a shower, so he sang in the\nsynagogue. He used to go up to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"conduct. I used to be the helper. I used to help\nhim. He told me I should open the windows so that people should hear me. No, not [in the synagogue]. A sukkah . . . It used to be a combined sukkah for half the tenants. Those people with large families, they'd build their own sukkahs. We were together with about ten neighbors who put together their sukkahs, so ten neighbors, you'd have 20 people. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In those days, 20 people came down with their own food. Women did not sit in the sukkah; only the men. I was asked to sing. Everybody opened their windows. He wanted [them] to hear. [He'd say,] \"Sing. Sing. Sing.\" [He did that to] show me off.\n\nGHITIS: When you became the cantor of the synagogue in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Paris . . .\n\nGOODFRIEND: I did not become a cantor. I just became a choir singer, a choir\nboy. I sang in the choir. I became a cantor back in Berlin. I went back to\nBerlin from Paris.\n\nGHITIS: What happened after Paris?\n\nGOODFRIEND: I went back to Berlin because we could not immigrate to the United States because there was a Polish quota. The Polish quota was about a three-year waiting list. The only place we could go from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Paris, the Joint said--the Joint Distribution Committee--was Australia. We looked at each other, \"Australia is so far away. What for?\" I wish we had gone to Australia. It's because a lot of my friends went to there and did very good for themselves. We didn't realize. We\nwere too young to make plans. There was nobody to ask, you see. There was nobody that we could consult, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we could ask, \"What do we do next,\" because we were young. We took everything as it came. They said, \"If you go back to Berlin, you have a chance to go to the States.\" Nothing kept me in Paris except sitting by the sewing machine 16 hours a day, and hand ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out, and make 20 pairs of pants a day. On a typical day, I made 30 pairs of pants. I was already a tradesman, a good tailor. Then I went into something else, car clothes, and leather.\n\nGHITIS: You went to Berlin. What happened?\n\nGOODFRIEND: In Berlin is something that our friends told us not to worry, \"The\nmoney you're making in Paris, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you'll always make in Berlin.\" In Berlin, there\nwas the opportunity to do a little business. It was not organized or sealed\nright after the blockade. In 1950, we went back to Berlin -- end of 1949. Sure,\nMark was a baby. Mark was born in 1949. We went back to Berlin. As it turned\nout, little by ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"little, the community started to diversify in normal business, to\nbuy a store here, to buy a store there, but I didn't get there yet. On the\nholidays, you went into the synagogue to pray. I think it was Pesach. The rest\nis history. The cantor got sick and nobody was there to read the Torah. My\nfriend--the one ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who made a match between Betty and me, who told me about them sitting in the restaurant--said to me, \"You know how to read a Torah. I know you know because I remember you're from the old country. Why don't you help those poor people out? They cannot finish the service.\" I said, \"I'm not here to become a cantor. That's far removed from my mind. Leave me alone.\" I said,\n\"Let's just sit, and pray, and go home.\" He ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"insisted and then he started to talk\nto my conscience, \"How dare you? With all that you went through, how can you let people suffer? The German people, if they cannot finish the service, they will\nnot finish the service until somebody shows up who knows how to read. It has to\nbe like the book says.\" He nudged me and he nudged me until I got up and read\nthe Torah. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"After reading the Torah, they said, \"As long as you're there, finish\nthe service. Daven with us. Finish the rest of the service,\" so I did. They\noffered me a contract right there and then, right at the service. I said, \"I\ncannot. I won't make a living.\" They said, \"No, no. You are free all week long.\nYou can do whatever you want. Just Shabbos, that's all you have to do. No\nteaching, no nothing. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We'll get a teacher for you to teach you the music, teach\nyou what is being done in our synagogue.\" Sure enough, they gave me a piano\nteacher and the person who conducted the choir came every day to my house to\nshow me what is 'A,' 'B,' 'C,' this is what the congregation sings for this\nprayer, this is what they sing for that prayer. This is the tradition in\nGermany. You have to go according to certain melodies. If they don't hear those\ncertain ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"melodies, it's not a service. I learned it fast and this was it.\n\nGHITIS: What was the name of that synagogue?\n\nGOODFRIEND: The name of that synagogue was Rykestrasse. It was the only\nsynagogue that was not bombed during the Kristallnacht. Why? Because the walls of the synagogue were part of the walls of the apartment buildings. They used the same wall. If they burned the synagogue, they would burn the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"German tenants. What they did, they made stables out of the synagogue. They kept horses there. But what a beauty. Four stories all marble.\n\nGHITIS: It is still there?\n\nGOODFRIEND: It's still there, yes. They remodeled it. I visited that synagogue\nin 1974. They won't let me in, the communists. The secretary, I told her--I\nspoke ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"German--I'll make it good for her, I'll give her something in her hand.\nShe let me in. I told her I just wanted to go up to where I used to change. But\nit was heartbreaking. The Torahs were put upside down in the arc, so I corrected\nit. I put it the way it's supposed to be done. I couldn't wait to get out of\nthere because too many memories. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's the same synagogue. Now, they remodeled it. I know already the rabbis from here who served there. I met him here, from the States.\n\nGHITIS: It is operational now?\n\nGOODFRIEND: They have now more non-Jews. I mean converts.\n\nGHITIS: Could you spell the name of the synagogue?\n\nGOODFRIEND: It's called Rykestrasse, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"R-Y-C-K-E-strasse. Strasse is S-T-R . . .\n[in German, it means] street. [It is] on Alexanderplatz. It's a landmark.\nAlexanderplatz is a landmark in Berlin. They all know. As a matter of fact, just\nthe other day . . .\n\nGHITIS: By this time, you said you had a child?\n\nGOODFRIEND: Yes, Mark was born.\n\nGHITIS: Where was he born?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GOODFRIEND: He was born in Paris.\n\nGHITIS: You also said that they offered you the opportunity to learn more?\n\nGOODFRIEND: Yes, musically. My formal music education started in Berlin. They offered me free tuition at the conservatory. Even my general education ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stopped. To go to attend a university in Berlin, to learn any subject that I wanted,\nanything. I went. I learned every subject I could learn. I went to the conservatory. I learned. I had very good vocal teachers. I walked from one to the other, higher, and higher, and higher. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In January 1952, we came to Canada.\n\nEINSTEIN: What did becoming a father and starting a family mean to you?\n\nGOODFRIEND: This is a good question. In those days, this was . . . We got\nmarried very young, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very much in love, and we didn't know. To have a child in\nthe DP camp was something that we were afraid [of]. Very simple. Because Betty was one of nine children. I was one of five. Bringing children into the world\nwas not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the most important thing because we looked ahead. We said, \"What for? Again to be killed?\" You took things apart and yet, you were afraid that you'd get off your rocker if you put too much thought in the past. It will get to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you\nand you'll become depressed. This is the last thing you wanted to do. During the\nwar years, we asked G-d, \"Just don't take away our thoughts,\" to be able to\nthink normal. This helped us to survive. But later on, we rationalized it. There\nwas no rationale. We couldn't rationalize. We don't know what rationale ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is. We\ndidn't know what normal life is. It took me less time. Why did it take us? I say\n'us,' my wife and I, because we saw the free world beyond Germany. Our two years in Paris is . . . I always say, I Americanized in Paris. Because in Paris, I'll\nshow you a picture of us standing near Notre Dame ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[Cathedral]. My cousin took\nthe picture. I look like a real American journalist because a trench coat, and a\npad, and paper. I'm a journalist. But this is not-- It's the way to live in a\ncosmopolitan city, to live in a free world. To me, Paris is a free world. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm\nnot talking about the political involvement and the political outlook in life\nbecause it was very easy to get Paris to go either way--socialist or\nnon-socialist, communist or non-communist--because they met you half way, more than halfway, the French people. I didn't understand in those days how bad the communist ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were. I said, \"How bad can they be? They can't be bad because listen to the way they talk about Israel.\" The best Zionist speech I ever heard was in 1948, given by the secretary of the French Communist Party, Jacque Duclos. I'll never forget it. Three hours he spoke. He spoke like a Jew. If I closed my eyes, I'd see a Jew with a long beard ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and ear locks. He talks about Zionism. This did not enter our mind because they were outgoing. They hated the Germans more than we did. They used to refer to them. We'd say \"the Kraut;\" they'd say, \"dirty boche,\" \"sale boche\" [in French]. They would go out and fight. Instead of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"calling the Jews antisemitic words or insults, they would take up your cause. They would stop the taxi, and go out, and fight fistfights. With me, it\nhappened. It happened at the store with me.\n\nEINSTEIN: Did your view of the world change during that time so that you felt\nyou could bring a child into it?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GOODFRIEND: Paris was already different. We had some neighbors, and we talked and then became friendly. I saw the neighbor and she's pregnant. She's Jewish. She's young, the next-door neighbor. [Betty and I thought,] \"Look, why not? Let's try it.\" It adds to life. Afterall, we have to do something ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to bring some\nchildren to the world, not live like dogs, live alone. First, we had to have a\nname. We wanted a name from my father and Betty's father. The first thing we\ndid, we gave our firstborn both names. In case we won't have any more, at least\nhe'll have the name Shoel for my father and Mordechai for Betty's father. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We\nsaid, \"We'll try for a girl.\" It didn't work out. Third time, it didn't work\nout. We had three boys.\n\nEINSTEIN: How did you know how to be a father since you did not have yours? How\ndid that work out for you?\n\nGOODFRIEND: It was natural. You didn't go to father school.\n\nEINSTEIN: When you were separated from your parents at a fairly . . .\n\nGOODFRIEND: I was the oldest. I remember that my siblings, they were all\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"younger. I remember when they were all born, except my sister [Hinda Braindl\n(1926-1942)]. She was a year and a half younger than I was. Then the brother\n[Henikh David (1928-1942]] was three years younger than I was. Then I had a\nnine-year-old [sister named Sara Malka (1932-1942)] and I had a four-year-old\n[brother named Yekheil Yaacov (1938-1942)], so I thought I was a big boy. My\nmother was a good ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mother, like all the mothers in those days. Respect. We\nrespected our parents. We never addressed our parents in the second person. We never said \"You. Hey, you.\" [We said,] \"Let Father\" or \"Let Mother do,\" or\n\"Father, can I ask you?\" Like the French people do that, to me, that's why, the\nFrench ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"language, they said \"vous,\" third person. That's [the formal] 'you'--not\n\"toi\" [the informal]. This was innate respect not just for elders, also for parents. I wouldn't sit in my father's chair, never, even when he wasn't at home.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GHITIS: You mentioned that the ship that took you to France was an Aliyah Bet\nmission. Did you think of Israel as a possibility to immigrate to?\n\nGOODFRIEND: As a possibility, the thought of Israel was before that. We figured we'd [go to] Palestine, but something clicked ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the DP camps. I'm sure other people thought the same way. We saw the bureaucracy in the DP camps and the part that the Jewish leadership . . . Always, when there are a group of people, everyone wants to be a macher, everyone wants to be the head of the community, head of the pack. Those of us who were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"under a Judenrat in the ghettos knew exactly what type of people were on top. Some of them were genuine, willing to help, and they helped, but those who really helped committed suicide. Why? They came ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the leader of the Warsaw ghetto in the beginning and told him, \"You supply us 100,000 Jews a week. We need them.\" He couldn't do it. He committed suicide. His name was Janusz Korczak. They wanted to save him. He was a leader so he said, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"No, I don't want to be saved. If I can't take my children, I'll take them.\" He said, \"I'll go.\" It wasn't suicide, but he went with his children. Those people who were willingly--not as much forcibly, but\nwillingly--cooperated with the Germans--I'm talking about Judenrats--they have\nalready a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"blemish in my book because they -- not collaborated, but they gave in.\nWhy? Because they permitted these guys to keep their wives and their daughters. Here, we see again the same repetition. Israel is run by Jews. It may be the same bureaucracy there as we just came from. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Betty said, \"I don't have any strength to go through this again.\" I'm not criticizing Israel, G-d forbid.\nZionism was alive in our house. My father was not a Labor Zionist. He was a\nMizrachi Zionist. They would have shekels [the ancient and present currency of\nIsrael], there were JNF [Jewish National Fund donation] boxes, all kinds of . . . But ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reality . . . We talked about reality before. We started to realize, but too late in life. Grandchildren should come before children, the old story.\n\nGHITIS: We were talking previously about your education in Berlin. You went to\nthe conservatory?\n\nGOODFRIEND: Yes.\n\nGHITIS: And you were taking other courses?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GOODFRIEND: Yes.\n\nGHITIS: How long did you study at the conservatory?\n\nGOODFRIEND: As long as I was in Berlin, but then I didn't stop. When I came to\nMontreal, I enrolled at McGill University.\n\nGHITIS: How long did you stay in Berlin?\n\nGOODFRIEND: Two years after coming back from Paris.\n\nGHITIS: What other activities did you have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there?\n\nGOODFRIEND: In Berlin, I was active in the community. They wanted me to become a shochet. The community's shochet was leaving, so I took up [learning] to become a shochet. When I saw the blood, I fainted, so I said, \"No, it's not for me. Let somebody else do it.\" This was not a . . .I wanted to go into music because I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"liked piano. I had somebody come to the house at least three times a week to give me piano lessons. I didn't have any patience for the piano, so not for me to play. I learned a lot of German classical music, like Leider and so on in the German language. I must say, I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"got pretty good at it. And I went to concerts. I didn't miss a concert in Berlin . . . singer and symphonies I attended. I wasn't used to it, but people considered the scores at the concerts and follow the music. They come with the scores of music, the vocal scores to see if [the\nsinger is] okay or he missed a word. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was a typical German audience.\n\nGHITIS: What about Canada? How did it happen?\n\nGOODFRIEND: Canada was already a new world for me. Canada was . . . Even though we came, this was the first generation of survivors getting out of Germany. We sort of hooked up with people I knew before. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We had a good group of people and we came to Canada. First, we came on the same boat--about 3,000 people on the same boat. We already knew each other before we landed in Canada. Some of them I'm still friends with to this day. We came on the same boat.\n\nGHITIS: Who helped you get to Canada?\n\nGOODFRIEND: The Joint. We were the first ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"couple to be admitted to Canada that day, the first Jewish couple. All day long, they we relooking for lumberjacks.\nIn Saskatchewan, they needed lumberjacks. Of course, Canada has big forests. I remember the woman [who] was in charge. She was from the government . . . the immigration in Canada. She ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"asked me, \"What are you?\" I said, \"I'm a cantor.\" She said, \"We don't need any cantors. Show me your calluses.\" I said [to myself], \"Why does she want to see my calluses?\" I saw before . . . They were lumberjacks. [She said,] \"These don't look like hands of a lumberjacks. What else . . . \" [I said,] \"I'm a tailor.\" [She said,] \"Oh! Why ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"didn't you say so?\" And we spoke in French. She smiles. Took about ten minutes. For others, it took\nan hour or half hour until they interviewed and came out. Ten, fifteen minutes\n[and she said,] \"Okay. You are going.\" We were the first ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"couple. We came out\nsmiling. We had two weeks to pack. It was an experience. We sailed from\nBremenhafen [Germany], so we go to it.\n\nGHITIS: What time of the year was it when you arrived in Canada?\n\nGOODFRIEND: It was very cold. Twenty-five inches of snow greeted me in Halifax. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was January 10, 1952. We crossed the ocean in a big storm and the Queen Mary was damaged. We didn't know that. We saw they put ropes all over the boat [so that] people should hold on because it was going like this [motions up and down] and everybody got sea sick. I was the only one walking around. Betty and Mark, the baby--she tied ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him to her--they slept in the lower bunk, down below. I don't even know. All the men were separate. She had to tie Mark down so he shouldn't fall off the bed. Then I was the one who walked around, see if they need something.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GHITIS: Who met you when you arrived in Canada? In Halifax, who was there? Who\nreceived you?\n\nGOODFRIEND: Nobody. It was just the guy asked me, \"Where you want to go? Go to Winnipeg.\" I'd never heard of the name. I said, \"I don't want to go to Winnipeg. How long will it take me to get over there?\" He said, \"Four days.\" I said, \"Forget it. I've had enough. Twelve days on the boat was enough.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[He asked,] \"How about Toronto?\" Toronto? It sounds Italian. We just came here from Europe. Then he said, \"Montreal?\" [in French accent] I said, \"It sounds civilized.\" It took twenty-two hours to get to Montreal from Halifax. This was quite an experience. Snow, ice, freezing, twenty ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[degrees] below freezing. I had a big,\nbeaver fur coat lined with fur. I have the picture in the book. Betty had a fur\ncoat. It was warm. The baby was all bundled up. We had a welcome . . . Don't\nask. They gave us a lousy room, the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JIAS--not HIAS; in Canada, it's JIAS--by a\nnewcomer. They were refugees. They came six months before we did or maybe a year, through a cousin who was a butcher. I had to be the luckiest one to go\ninto this. It was murder. She spoke Yiddish, of course, but ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lowlifes. I mean,\nthe way they argued between him and . . . It was those you only hear in the\nunderworld. I mean, I heard those arguments before the war. I said, \"We have to\nget out of here.\" It's not good for the baby. She wouldn't give me hot water to\ngive the kid a bath. I said, \"What? You won't give me hot water?\" When my wife\nhad to wash the laundry, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"she had to wash her baby's laundry. They still hung it\nup on the clothesline. If you watched the movie . . . I forget the name . . .\nDuddy Kravitz. This is the [kind of] neighborhood we lived in. This is the old\nneighborhood we lived in in Montreal. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"looked one job to the other, nothing\nuntil a synagogue called me. The synagogue in Montreal, they needed somebody to read the Torah, if could I come and interview. I was already peddling. I became a peddler, knock on doors, selling stuff, dry goods. I did very good. Took me a day to freeze off my hands, my feet, everything ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a little town outside Montreal, a strictly French city. I only spoke French; didn't know a word of English. I knocked on doors until I made a few sales and I saw there's a future. I learned a trick. They told me to come back Monday. I went back Monday. I get a call from this synagogue, \"They want to meet you tonight.\" It was only a two-hour ride ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by bus. I went back home. I got a job.\n\nGHITIS: What was the synagogue?\n\nGOODFRIEND: Shaare Zion.\n\nGHITIS: What denomination was it?\n\nGOODFRIEND: It was a traditional Conservative synagogue. Men and women were separate. They used the old traditional prayer book. I fell in love with the\nrabbi. He was a gentleman, Halik Senas [sp]. He was a Harvard ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"graduate, about\nsix [feet] two, six [feet] three [inches] tall, walked straight and he was a\nspeaker. You needed an encyclopedia to understand what he was saying even though he spoke English. He was a great man, like Maurice Cohen. It was good. We felt very good in Montreal because I could ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"excel myself in my profession. I went to very prominent voice teachers and the conservatory at McGill. I got a full\nscholarship. I didn't have to pay one penny. Then they found out at the French\nconservatory about me. They wanted me to come there. I enrolled in both. There, I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the only male Jew in the whole class. They all were French Canadians. They accepted me quite well. They used to give recitals for the bishop and all these big shots in the Catholic church.\n\nGHITIS: What did they have to say about your voice?\n\nGOODFRIEND: They didn't stop raving about it. I got a call from one of the music ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"directors from the chamber orchestra in Montreal. He came in from Belgium. This was 1954, I think, or 1953. I have the papers. He wants me to sing a certain [Johannes] Bach cantata all in German. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said I'd never sang Bach cantatas, \"I know the German language. I sing Lieder, but I'll work with you, the music director of the orchestra.\" In less than ten days, I learned my part. You should understand this was a live performance on the radio. You could not record and go back. This is it. If you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"make a mistake, you're on your own. The orchestra goes on because he's conducts and what is written . . . This was a challenge for me. I did a good job. I got a very good write up in the paper. I have a good recording of it, too. I did it in German. Before I accepted it, I asked the\nrabbi ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if it's not sacrilegious, if I'll be criticized by the entire Jewish\ncommunity. He said, \"It's art. It's art and I'll back you with it. If anyone is\ngoing to criticize you, tell them to come talk to me. For the sake of art . . .\"\nThe name of Jesus appeared many times in the cantata. I'm ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"singing it. [He\nasked,] \"Do you believe in it?\" [I said,] \"Only a silly person would believe in\nit. I don't have to believe in it to sing it.\" Anyhow, I did it. Of course,\ntoday, I wouldn't do it, but I did it then and I'm not sorry I did it.\n\nGHITIS: We were talking about your musical education.\n\nGOODFRIEND: Yes.\n\nGHITIS: What are ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of the degrees? Did you get a diploma?\n\nGOODFRIEND: I had diplomas in my voice, high honors, and this kind of stuff,\nyes, but I did not graduate or complete my studies at McGill. I did . . . For\nexample, I was a senior when I left Montreal and then I joined New England\nconservatory. I got a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"letter of recommendation from the head of the French\nProvincial conservatory in Montreal. Wilfrid Pelletier was his name. He was a\nconductor of the metropolitan opera company. He gave me a letter to one of the\nbest teachers that the New England conservatory had who was an opera singer.\nFrederick Jagel was his name. He was the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"best teacher I ever had until I came to Cleveland [Ohio], of course. At that time, he gave me tricks how to sing, how to project. Then I run into a musical coach, who coached me especially in Lieder in German songs. [He] was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"man from Germany and so we spoke German all the time. He was outstanding to the point he used to literally fall asleep when he played for me, but when he heard a mistake, he didn't sleep. He got up [and said,] \"Hey, Gutfraind, go over this passage.\" [I said,] \"I thought you were sleeping.\" He said, \"I'm not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sleeping.\" Helmet Rufus [sp] was his name.\n\nGHITIS: How long did you stay in Montreal?\n\nGOODFRIEND: Montreal I stayed until the end of 1956. In 1956, a rabbi from\nBoston [Massachusetts] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"knew me. He heard me sing. He said he wants to offer me a job in Boston, in the United States, without even a try out, just \"Say, 'Yes.'\"\nWe looked at each other, Betty and I. Boston? This is where her sister lives and\nan opportunity to go to America. Within two weeks, to get immigration papers?\nThis was unheard of. They needed me for the High Holy Days, so the senators of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Massachusetts, whoever, senators, congressman, they went to work. In two weeks, I got immigration papers to come from Canada to the United States. It was unbelievable. Nobody could believe it, to a point that an American consulate in Montreal says to me, \"Am I glad to get rid of you! Everybody's driving me crazy. I can't stand it anymore! Go already!\"\n\nEINSTEIN: I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just wondering whether there is music that is reminiscent for\nyou of your childhood and of your young life and if, when you sing it, whether\nthat resonates with you even today.\n\nGOODFRIEND: That is a good question because this is one of my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"expressions when I talk to professional cantors, or professional singers, or to my students--those who I have teaching voice lessons--as far as putting in feeling into your work. As you well know, you can put in feelings whether you play the cello or the\nviolin. If you don't have any feelings, it won't sound good. The more so . . .\nYour voice is a human instrument. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is no other instrument that you can put\nin personal feelings like in your voice. Even when you speak, the emphasize, or\ndeemphasize, crescendo, or acclamations, recitations, the feeling that I have,\nas my faith, as a Jewish person, when you pray, you put in a lot of feeling in\nevery nuance and every ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"word. The meaning takes on different meaning at different times. Not always the same meaning. I can sing the same prayer and [if] I'm in a different mood now than I was yesterday, I will put my mood in that presentation of the song. I figure the same applies to secular music. If I sing, let's say, a French song, then I put my feelings in the French language in the song because ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I make it alive, or in Italian, or Hebrew, or of course Yiddish. Yiddish is my forte. Yiddish is the language that I still speak. I was brought up in Yiddish. I once [taught] a master class at the cantorial school in Tel Aviv [Israel]. I told them, \"You might discount because I know Yiddish is not a spoken  ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nlanguage--in Israel, it's Hebrew--but if you know how to interpret a Yiddish\nfolksong, you know how to interpret prayer because Yiddish is the soul of the\nJew. Even though your parents spoke it, this is the neshama [Hebrew: soul]. If\nyou have this neshama, this soul, how to sing a Yiddish song with feeling, then\nyou put in--\" I always ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said to them, \"MF is not mezzo forte [Italian: moderately\nloud]. MF is mit [Yiddish: with] feeling.\" That's my interpretation. You have to\nsing with feeling, to feel it, because you are not doing justice to the text.\nText is as important as the sound. If the text is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"interpreted, the sound comes\nout better.\n\nEINSTEIN: Is there a Yiddish folksong that you remember your parents singing to you when you were a child?\n\nGOODFRIEND: You should know that in the Hassidic world, we didn't use folksongs as far as words go. The Yiddish lullaby was probably a song without words. [Begins to sing a repetitive series of sounds in varying tone and cadence\nfollowed by Yiddish phrases] \"Ey la lu lu ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lu. Ey la lu lu lu . . . Schlof meyn\nlib zun. Makh tsu khshre . . . Schlof . . .\" It's 'sleep, my dear son. Close\nyour kosher ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"eyes.' What's non-kosher eyes . . . but this was the way they\ninterpreted it. But mostly the ey la lu lu lu. This was everything. Ey la lu lu\nlu. Sometimes they fell asleep before I did, but this is the way it's done. I\nused to do it with my kids. I used to fall asleep before they did. But this is\nthe sounds. As far as text or . . . lullabies . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These are not . . . If you\nremember a passage of the Bible, the Talmud is more important than remembering a Yiddish folksong. It was there. We lived it.\n\nEINSTEIN: I guess I was just wondering whether those memories are evoked by\ncertain songs that you sing now or by chazzaning --\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GOODFRIEND: Now, don't forget I've been fifty years at this profession, fifty,\nfive-oh. In my career, I've had many occasions to do plays, and shows, and what\nnot, and in choirs, and conducted choirs, so it all is an amalgamation of\ndifferent sources, you see. When I sing a folksong ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a folksong, then it's a\nfolksong. When I sing an art song in Yiddish, it's an art song because knowing\nwho wrote it, what period, what era it was, what his way of thinking was, what\nhis harmony was, was it plaintive, folk-like, or just a melody that he heard the\nmaid singing or humming, or somebody else, and put it to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"music, and you have to treat it as such. You are right. I've sung Yiddish art songs and Yiddish\nfolksongs, but you have to differentiate. It's a vast field of Jewish music. Then it's the question, \"What is Jewish music?\" That's another lecture.\n\nGHITIS: Another interview.\n\nGOODFRIEND: Yes.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GHITIS: You went to Boston?\n\nGOODFRIEND: A short time. That's one period in my life, I'd rather not mention\nbecause we didn't have a good experience in Boston. It was a nine month stay. As far . . . we visited Boston many times. We went to the cape when the kids were small. For the summertime, we spent around Boston. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We liked Cape Cod, and Lower Cape, and Algonquin, all these places.\n\nGHITIS: By this time, you had another child?\n\nGOODFRIEND: Yes, Enoch was born in Canada. He was born in Montreal in 1953. He was born at the Royal Victoria Hospital.\n\nGHITIS: Who was he named after?\n\nGOODFRIEND: He was named after my brother. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I had a brother who was a genius. He was a genius. He was killed by the Nazis when he was about fourteen [or] thirteen.\n\nGHITIS: From Boston?\n\nGOODFRIEND: From Boston, we went to Cleveland [Ohio]. In Boston, I had bad\nexperiences as far as . . . It doesn't pay to talk about . . . They did not\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"understand me, the committee in the synagogue, and I didn't understand them\nbecause it was . . . I didn't realize how much Yankees the Jews in Boston were\nuntil I lived there. The South, coming to the South, people are proud of being\nthe South. They have certain charms and certain backgrounds as far as a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"historic background. In Boston, they trying to imitate the Yankees, the Jews. It didn't jive, as we say, with me. I could see through them. Their remarks were not\nbecoming of leaders of a Jewish community. I told the president, \"To stay here\nin Boston and not be able to make a living, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't need it.\" He was so mean.\n[He said,] \"Well, you're fired.\" \"Can you put it in writing,\" I said. I was not,\nstill in those days, an American citizen. [I said,] \"Can you put it in writing?\"\n[He said,] \"Oh, yeah.\" I said, \"Good.\" He sat down and he hands me a letter\n[saying] I am fired. [I said,] \"Thank you, Mr. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shiron [sp].\" He went, \"Wow,\"\nlike I'm sarcastic. [I said,] \"No, this is my release paper. I didn't break a contract. You fired me.\" This was my meal ticket until my next job. [I was] not one day without a job. My next job to Cleveland, Ohio.\n\nGHITIS: How did you get the job in Cleveland?\n\nGOODFRIEND: I happened to be there at the right time. The old ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"story, you\nremember? The right time. The committee came to the convention, the Grossingers [sp]. They're looking for a cantor. A friend of mine said, \"Interview this guy.\" A friend of mine [said that]. They came over, sat down, talked. They invited me to audition in Cleveland. I finished there [in Boston] May 31st. June first, I started there.\n\nGHITIS: What synagogue was it?\n\nGOODFRIEND: Beth am Community Temple.\n\nGHITIS: What kind of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"synagogue?\n\nGOODFRIEND: It was more Conservative, but Traditional. We davened there more\nthan we davened in any other Conservative synagogue today.\n\nGHITIS: What was it like for you transitioning from a strictly Orthodox background and upbringing towards Conservative?\n\nGOODFRIEND: I did not know that there was another ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Judaism than Jewish. Before I came to this country or to Canada, if I heard the word 'conservative,' [I would ask,] \"What does that mean?\" 'To conserve,' I figured that much. To conserve Judaism. The first congregation in Montreal was similar to my way of davening. The only difference was it was in English, and I appreciated that because, first, I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would learn the language and, second, it made sense to me because for those people who couldn't speak Hebrew, at least the rabbi explains. The rabbi in Poland, in Europe, it was in Yiddish. They would hold the sermons in Yiddish. Rabbi [Harry] Epstein of blessed memory, he used to do it when he came in 1928 to Atlanta. It was obvious. It was normal for a rabbi to get up and announce pages and read ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with a congregation. It was read with such fervor and such feeling. It was not just mechanical. Today is mechanical. Believe me, I heard the reading. It's mechanical. And how you project your voice, you go up and down. And the microphone should work. If the microphone isn't working, it's no good. It's what you put into the microphone. If it's a cold voice, it remains ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a cold voice. It's amplified, a cold voice. But I felt, even when we read in\nEnglish, that I am participating, I am davening. It was an adventure for me to\nunderstand the davening in another language except Hebrew. The idea of switching from . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Once you're Orthodox, you cannot take it away. You are. You cannot take it away. I remember things I learned when I was a kid more than I remember what I ate a day before yesterday because this is something that sticks with you. Above all, if you have to make a living for a family, you start looking. Conservative, Orthodox ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":". . . It's not the way. What comes first? Make a living for the family or go beg or be on welfare? This is the last thing that I want to do. I never got handouts. I never went for handouts and I never got handouts,\nthank G-d. I like to handout myself to somebody else.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GHITIS: What do you mean?\n\nGOODFRIEND: To give charity. Very simple.\n\nGHITIS: Cleveland. What was your experience there?\n\nGOODFRIEND: I can't complain about Cleveland. Cleveland was a great city, great community. The people didn't know what to do for me. I could have stayed in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cleveland for the rest of my life without any problem. I was not worried about a contract. I never had a written contract. End of the year, I got a letter [that\nsaid,] \"Thank you very much for your service. I hope you stay with us another\nyear.\" We negotiated. A contract is negotiated. No question what is my job. I\ndid my job and more. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is the way I am. If I had to do something, I don't\nwait for somebody to tell me, \"Hey, do that. Do this. You're supposed to.\" Never\nhappened with me. I did because I saw it had to be done. I didn't ask, \"May I?\"\nNo, I know what is required, what has to be done. I'll never forget when I\nwalked into the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"synagogue in Berlin. I'll never forget this as long as I live.\nPeople still--they're not around anymore--they all know. When I walked into the\nsynagogue in Berlin and I looked at the huge menorahs standing on both sides of the pulpit black as these pants . . . It was bronze menorahs. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Through the years, it was never cleaned. I said to myself, \"It's heartbreaking. Couldn't somebody in the German community buy a can of paint, paint it up or [gold] leaf?\" I went out and I told the superintendent, \"Please, don't tell anybody.\" I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"looked all over the city of Berlin to find two jars of gold leaf polish and I got a brush. I said, \"Bring me a ladder.\" I painted both menorahs from scratch. They looked like new. Nobody knew about it, who did it. To me, this was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an accomplishment before I even started. I didn't ask that they should pay me. I took money from my pocket. I did it. Nobody was there. They came in [and exclaimed,] \"Wer hat das gemacht? [German] Who did it?\" Not a word. This is the way I am. I can't help it. That's the way I am till this very day.  ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=4830.0,4860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n\nGHITIS: Do you have a more local anecdote that illustrates this side of\nyou--which I have witnessed it, but I would like to share in your own . . .\n\nGOODFRIEND: What kind of an anecdote?\n\nGHITIS: Where you can show me how you extend yourself beyond the call of duty.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GOODFRIEND: First time coming to Atlanta here . . . When I came to Atlanta,\nRabbi Epstein, alav ha-shalom [Hebrew: may peace be upon him], picked me up at the airport. This in itself is a revelation for a lot of members of AA [that]\nRabbi Epstein picked a chazzan up at the airport. I felt very honored that he\npicked me up. Later on, we made a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"contract, we went to work, and like every\nadministration, a president came in and gave me a letter of thanks, [saying]\n\"Your contract's been renewed.\" I didn't have a contract. I didn't have a\nwritten contract, period, until we got a new rabbi. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I suddenly get a call. [He\nsaid,] \"We need a job description of you.\" [I asked,] \"What is a job description?\" [He explained,] \"Well, what do you do in the synagogue?\" [I said,] \"It's too late. I mean, in twenty years, you don't know what I'm doing here in the synagogue? Then you are crazy. You don't know what you are paying me for.\" [He said,] \"It's the new law.\" [I asked,] \"By whom?\" Okay. I sit down. I wrote, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"A, B, C, D.\" That's enough letters in the alphabet. I said, \"No, I have to write something that is more than that,\" so I put the last line, \"To sum it all up,\"--I did; I have a copy of it--\". . . I take empty vessels and fill them up with Yiddishkeit. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=4980.0,5010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"take empty vessels and fill them up with Judaism.\" It has a lot of meaning, this sentence. First, to tell them I take unfinished products and I finish it. The rabbi said, \"What does that mean?\" I said, \"I thought you went to school in America? You know English. Figure ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it out.\" I based this sentence on an important fact that happened to my father, who had a friend who was a rabbi, a rebbe [Yiddish: rabbi], a Hasidic rebbe. But he never dressed like a rebbe, with the long beard, in a big round, black hat, and payess hanging out, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=5040.0,5070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tallis hanging out. He was dressed more like a businessman coming from Galicia to buy merchandise in Lodz. Lodz was the headquarters of textiles, if you didn't know. Lodz was considered the Manchester [England] of Poland. When it came to textiles, Manchester, England was the capital of textiles in England. Lodz was the capital of textiles in Poland. People from all over the country came to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"buy merchandise. We sold wholesale and retail. That street where our store was was the main street where . . . not Fifth Avenue, but Old Orchard Street on Lower East Side. That's more like it. Every store had people sitting in the street, calling in the customers. Of course, they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=5100.0,5130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"called in Yiddish, \"Feter,\"--[which means] Uncle--\"what do you buy today?\" Uncle. He looked like a regular guy, this rebbi and [someone asked], \"Uncle, what do you buy today?\" [The rabbi answered,] \"What do I buy today? Today, I buy broken vessels and I put them together.\" [In Yiddish,] it was, \"Ikh koyf tsebrakhn,\" broken pieces, \"of vessels and I put them ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"back together. I glue them back together.\" This never escaped me. [I thought,] \"What a wonderful occasion I will have here to write this, but just a little paraphrase it. Empty vessels. Broken wouldn't fit in. Empty does. This is what I did all my life. An anecdote is this is the first ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=5160.0,5190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"job I got. This is the anecdote I can . . . I'm still laughing at it. When the two people interviewed me in Montreal, [my] very first job as cantor in Montreal . . . the president and the vice-president. There, the president doesn't change every two years. If you're a president, you're president for life. If you're vice-president, you're vice-president for life. In other words, the vice-president ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=5190.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can never become president. The president became no president when he dies. This is the way. I liked it. At least that one person, he was a famous lawyer, a famous attorney, QC, Queen's Counselor. They're all assigned QC in Canada, Queen's Counselor. The other man, the vice-president, was a businessman. He was the biggest importer of piece goods from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=5220.0,5250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"England. He wanted to show me that he knows a little Yiddishkeit. He said to me in Yiddish, [unintelligible]. That means, did you bury the Torah already? He wanted to say something else, 'to go over,' to go over the seder, the portion for this week because this is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=5250.0,5280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the law, to go over. A Jew's supposed to go over it. He used 'burying,' like you're burying somebody. Did I bury the Torah? I had to keep my face straight. [I said,] \"Not yet.\" I'm polite. This was my first introduction\nto the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=5280.0,5310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"knowledge of the leaders in the synagogues in North America. I said [to\nmyself], \"My G-d, this is what you deal with,\" but, as a I say, if you need a\njob, you forgo all these little things. You don't pay attention, or you just put\nit behind your ears and forget it.\n\nGHITIS: Out of curiosity, what would be the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=5310.0,5340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"appropriate expression for when you\nhave covered the reading of the Torah? He said, 'mikcovia.' What should he have said?\n\nGOODFRIEND: 'Mahvieh,' to go over. Mahvieh ihr sederia? Did you go over? He said 'mikcovia,' to bury. It's been buried before unfortunately. This is the way . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=5340.0,5370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anecdotes . . . so many things. Rabbi Epstein has told me anecdotes, but I\nwouldn't use this time to say it.\n\nGHITIS: Your overall experience in Cleveland was a positive one?\n\nGOODFRIEND: Yes, definitely. I still have friends in Cleveland. I was last\nweekend in Akron, Ohio. At least twenty couples came over there [to ask], \"Don't\nyou remember me? I sang in the choir,\" or \"Don't you remember me? My ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=5370.0,5400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grandfather read the Torah.\" I left thirty years ago, the synagogue, and she was not born then. She told me who she is. [I said,] \"Of course I remember your grandfather.\" He never liked to be Conservative because he was an Orthodox man, but he read the Torah perfect. It was unbelievable.\n\nGHITIS: What made you leave Cleveland?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=5400.0,5430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GOODFRIEND: The job here in Atlanta, Georgia . . . better job.\n\nGHITIS: How did that happen?\n\nGOODFRIEND: How did it happen? I did not look. As I said, I was very happy. I\ndid not look for a job because, the assembly, the organization I belonged to,\nthey asked me from time to time, \"Isaac, in case you . . .\" I said, \"I am not\nlooking, but in case a good congregation opens up,\" and I mentioned it, \"such as\nAtlanta, Georgia, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=5430.0,5460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would be interested.\" Why? I used to get the bulletin from\nhere. I used to look at the bulletins from different synagogues and I saw the\nway the bulletin was put together. It made a great impression on me. It was done\nwith [unintelligible]. Rabbi Epstein did the bulletin. It was done with seykhel\n[Yiddish: common sense, intelligence], dignity. It had dignity, something that\nyou can ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=5460.0,5490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bite into it. Whatever it was, a simple announcement, the topic of the\nsermon, the topic of anything, it had something. I said, \"I don't know the size\nof the congregation, but,\" I said, \"if this comes available, I would look into\nit.\" I said, \"It doesn't mean that I am going there. I would look into it.\" A few weeks later, I get a call from Rabbi Epstein ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=5490.0,5520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[asking] if I'm interested. I said, \"I'm interested. It all depends. Is there a day school for my kids? Because if there's no day school, there's no use continuing our conversation. I'm not interested.\" Just like this. If there is a day school, I'm interested. Okay, we continued our conversation. Then we sent tapes.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=5520.0,5550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GHITIS: How did Rabbi Epstein hear about you?\n\nGOODFRIEND: Good. His brother knew me from Montreal.\n\nGHITIS: What was his brother's name?\n\nGOODFRIEND: Manny Epstein. He was the chief rabbi in that shul. He was chief parnas.\n\nGHITIS: I was there ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=5550.0,5580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when you retired from Ahavath Achim. The outpouring of love is something that you see not very often. How was your retirement from Cleveland?\n\nGOODFRIEND: Leaving Cleveland was sad. The only sad person was the rabbi there. He said to me, \"Why so fast?\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=5580.0,5610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was very close--like two brothers--with this rabbi in Cleveland. He was . . . a little older than I was. He died very young.\nHe died when was 49. He died of cancer. He was sort of a good-natured person. I mean, he would give half the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=5610.0,5640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"shirt off his back. This was . . . and not selfish.\nHe would go out and help. He helped me in every respect. He wouldn't do a\nwedding without me. He was a very popular guy. He was a chaplain at the police. When I was in Cleveland, it was 125,000 Jews in Cleveland. When I told him that I am leaving, he said, \"I'm sorry. You should have waited a little ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=5640.0,5670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"longer.\" He knew. He said, \"I knew that one day you will leave, that this was not for you.\"\nIt was not a congregation that I could excel myself. I was well-liked in the\ncommunity. I was active in you name it, every organization [like] JNF, and\n[Israel] Bonds, and Zionists. I was in every organization. I was there. But\nprofessionally, I could not grow. The congregation was in a bad ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=5670.0,5700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"neighborhood and members sort of were not movers and shakers. Even though Shaker Heights is in Cleveland, but there were not movers and shakers in that particular\ncongregation. All the pharmacist belong to the shul [Yiddish: synagogue], but\nnot one doctor. We had a few angels, yes, but ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=5700.0,5730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time came to move on and I was\nyoung. I was 40 years old--40; that's young, isn't it?--when I came to Atlanta.\n\nGHITIS: How long did you stay in Cleveland?\n\nGOODFRIEND: Eight and a half years.\n\nGHITIS: You said that you wanted to advance your career and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=5730.0,5760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you were thinking\nabout Atlanta. Were you thinking specifically about the Ahavath Achim synagogue?\n\nGOODFRIEND: Because it was the largest synagogue in the South at that time,\nfirst, I was thinking about my job. I have to give service--not to perform; to\ngive service--to the congregation that hired me. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=5760.0,5790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I looked at Atlanta as virgin\nterritory actually because, coming from an organized Jewish community like\nCleveland, Ohio, it was unique. Cleveland, Ohio . . . As far as involvement of\nJewish community of Cleveland in an overall, like UJA, Bonds for Israel . . .\nThere was no other community like Cleveland. The first ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=5790.0,5820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"millionaires to give . .\n. million-dollar givers to UJA were from Cleveland. A lot of Federations modelled their Federation the way Cleveland had it. This is a fact. When I came here, being I was involved in the community affairs in Cleveland like JNF, and Betty was President of the women's division of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=5820.0,5850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JNF, I was involved in ZOA, the Zionist organization, so I was involved in many organizational work on behalf of the state of Israel. I figured I got to do something . . . but I waited. I wanted to see, feel my way before I started to get involved in the community. The fact is, one of the paragraphs that I got from the first president of . . . a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=5850.0,5880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"letter or agreement, we never had a contract signed. It was just a letter I got after the term of two years, thanking me for my services, and hoping to continue, and so forth and so on. A formal contract I never had until Rabbi Epstein retired actually because . . . This was a different story. But it was a paragraph that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=5880.0,5910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[said] I should devote full-time to the congregation, not to the community. I am employed by the congregation, not by the community. This was . . . I was not taken aback that this was said I am limited. I just wanted to feel my way in the community in Atlanta. The fact is, after a year, in 1966--we came in 1965--we reorganized the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=5910.0,5940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JNF in our house, in my old house on Montril--our first house in Atlanta. We invited everyone, like Hadassah. Hadassah wanted to kill me, to lynch me. I came to the city and what do I mean I am going to take away the work that Hadassah is doing with Jewish National Fund? The quota I am ashamed to tell in those days. They ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=5940.0,5970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all came. First, they wanted to see how the chazzan of the big shul lived, I suppose. They came and they wanted to hear. I had a speaker. A colonel in the Israeli Army came in. He looked me up. I made the first meeting and we said, \"We are not going to take away, G-d forbid, from the Hadassah this quota. We just want to help Hadassah. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=5970.0,6000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hadassah will get the credit for whatever they want. If the quota is $4,000, they . . .\" If I were to tell you that in 1965, 1966, the JNF quota for Hadassah in Atlanta, Georgia was $2,500 a year . . . If they raised $4,000, they didn't send $4,000. They sent $2,500. They left the $1,500 for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=6000.0,6030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the following year, not to ask for more money. The old story. We tried [telling them], \"No,\" we are not taking away from them. We are going to help them. We came into existence. I had a lot to do with it because I made sure we had the office space, and the desks, and the volunteers to go in downtown in the 41-exchange place where the [Jewish] Federation [of Greater Atlanta] used to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=6030.0,6060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be in Five Points. They had a room. Rachel Levine was volunteering to be the secretary for the Jewish National Fund. Then we had Anne Geffen. We grew up, of course. The rest is history. We had many projects that were established on the behalf of the Atlanta Jewry. Don't forget, when I came, there were 18,000 Jews in Atlanta. Eighteen thousand Jews all total [in] all five ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=6060.0,6090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[metropolitan Atlanta] counties. It's quite the population. I remember watching on the Darlington Apartment on Peachtree, the marquis said the population of metro Atlanta was--I'll never forget--1,100,000 in 1965. The other day, this week I saw 4,200,000. I said, \"That's unbelievable.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=6090.0,6120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sure, that's 38 years, but the Jewish community grew five times the size, over five times. It's over 100,000 Jews now.\n\nGHITIS: What was the size of the Ahavath Achim congregation?\n\nGOODFRIEND: Close to 2,000 families. Always between 1,950 to 2,000.\n\nGHITIS: When you came?\n\nGOODFRIEND: Yes.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=6120.0,6150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GHITIS: Where was it located?\n\nGOODFRIEND: Where it is now on Peachtree Battle because they located . . . This new location was in 1958, seven years before. I wish I was here in 1958.\n\nGHITIS: We just lost Rabbi Epstein.\n\nGOODFRIEND: Yes.\n\nGHITIS: Could you reflect on him as a human being? You knew him so well.\n\nGOODFRIEND: As I mentioned ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=6150.0,6180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the few remarks that I made at the hesped\n[Hebrew], the eulogy, it's very rare to have in a generation people like Rabbi\nEpstein. Not just his scholastic achievements, and scholarship, and the steeped\nin Jewish religion ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=6180.0,6210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Jewish learning, but as a human being, he had an unusual neshama. He had a feeling, the pulse of the Jewish community. Not only the deep involvement in the study of Torah and religion, but also the modern way of approach to interpret. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=6210.0,6240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He always tried to interpret the portion of the week to make it relevant to our days. He would never . . . I never heard him speak about daily occurrences, news of the day. He told me, \"People read the paper. They watch television. They read the paper. They don't come to shul to hear me tell them what they read already. What I heard on the radio that they didn't hear it?\" He said, \"They'll ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=6240.0,6270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hear it later. One way or the other, they'll hear it. But I'm here to teach them.\" He used to take one verse. Every portion of the week has hundreds of verses. One verse, if you were a scholar and knew how to interpret . . . He brings from one source and another source and he brings it so it comes alive, tells you stories that happened thousands of years ago. Nothing has changed. I'll never forget ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=6270.0,6300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rabbi Epstein attended once a meeting of the ritual committee of the synagogue and I was there too. The [unintelligible], the officers and members of the committee mentioned, \"Well, we have to pay more attention to the young people. We are losing the young people to different\ncongregations. We are losing completely young ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=6300.0,6330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people to get out of the Jewish\nreligion. We have to do something!\" Everybody made a proposal. Maybe we should be teaching them different[ly with] modern history and Zionism, less religion. Maybe we should teach them the Hebrew language. This will make them more Jewish. [Rabbi Epstein] let ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=6330.0,6360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everybody talk. Then, he makes a statement. He said, \"Gentlemen, I'll tell you one thing. When I came here a few years ago . . .\" He said this was a few years ago, but we're talking about the 1970s and 1928 is when he came. [He said,] \". . . 1930s. I was here a few years.\" He said, \"We had the same discussion that we are having now. Identical. The same discussion. One ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=6360.0,6390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"difference, in those days, they said, 'di yugnt' [Yiddish: the youth] and now they say, 'the youth.' Di yugnt. Now they'd say, 'They spoke with an accent,' but nothing has changed.\" They all shut up. They didn't know what to say. They [thought] they had discovered something new. He knew what ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=6390.0,6420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has to be done. When he came in to teach a confirmation class, he meant kids should learn. When he told them, \"You have to attend so many services in a year in order to be confirmed,\" he meant it. He was very strict. And they came. When he sent notices to the Northside High School principal [saying], \"Now, tomorrow is the first day of Pesach and the day after is the second ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=6420.0,6450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"day of Pesach and I expect the children to come to the synagogue. Please excuse them,\" they came all dressed, kids, because the rabbi wanted it. He tried to show the people [that] if you want to do it, nothing can keep you out of not doing it. When I came, little girls used to come with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=6450.0,6480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hats on Shabbos morning and the High Holy Days. We are not talking about Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur. We're talking about Pesach. The place was packed with children. But today, if the teacher said, \"He is Jewish. He is here first day, second day. He doesn't go to synagogue.\" You see, this is the way what we have to deal with now. [They ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=6480.0,6510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"might say,] \"Well, it's not important.\" \"No,\" he said, \"it is important.\" He was not ashamed to tell the principal to, \"Please excuse . . . \" and he acquiesced. He listened. His approach was not to be afraid to identify yourself and who you are. Without wearing yarmulkes on the street or just hanging out. This is the way he lived. As far as his personal outlook, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=6510.0,6540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he was basically an Orthodox Jew. He comes from a very Hassidic, a very important family in the world. They were great scholars. It goes without saying. They were giants in our history, giants in scholastic achievements, giants in Torah study. This in itself is great achievements. He ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=6540.0,6570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was unique. Dignity . . . The man epitomizes dignity. He walked with dignity, he ruled with dignity, and he died with dignity, no question about it. He will be missed by this community. He left a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=6570.0,6600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tremendous mark on this community. We will realize later on what he was. If you take his books on sermons from the 1930s that he published, it's a masterpiece. In those days, the way he was preaching . . . He was talking to the congregation. It was tremendous foresight to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=6600.0,6630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"see where Judaism is going, where the new modern world was going. He had all the education of the past but his view of the future was unbelievable. He knew exactly what we are heading to.      ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=6630.0,6660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n\nGHITIS: Let us go back to your story now.\n\nGOODFRIEND: This is all a part of my story.\n\nGHITIS: You were saying you were hired by the Ahavath Achim synagogue. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=6660.0,6690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What happened next?\n\nGOODFRIEND: It all depends. A lot of things happened next. Immediately, as I\nsaid, I got involved with other than my congregation [but] not neglecting my\njob. I did my job to the fullest, more than was required of me. I was involved\nin teaching kids at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=6690.0,6720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the high school a [unintelligible], whatever I could, of\ncourse, adult education, and then spread out to the community, appearing with\ndifferent organizations, giving programs, and out of town concerts. Different\ncongregations and different colleagues throughout the country invited me to\nappear in concert. I think ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=6720.0,6750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I did a lot for the congregation. I introduced a lot\nof programs that were not here before my coming here, like inviting Jewish\ncomposers from New York, Los Angeles to bring new Jewish music into the\ncommunity. I had a symphony a few times in our congregation. I had big choirs in our congregation. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=6750.0,6780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We did, I said, premier performances of Jewish cantatas based on Jewish folklore. I had giants like Shulem Zsikonder [sp] was here twice. Lazar Weiner was here once. And Negosh Yeesli [sp]. When we had the Moog synthesizer, when the new folk-rock music was introduced into the synagogue or the Temple, rather. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=6780.0,6810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They used the new instrument, the Moog synthesizer. Gershon Kingsley was the one who introduced it. We had one rock service that was written for Friday night. Of course, we didn't do it on a Friday night. We did it on a Monday night . . . Northside High School performing arts, the whole choir and a combo band. The kids were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=6810.0,6840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dancing in their seats because the music was so up to date. In those days, the show Hair came on the scene in the early 1970s. I'm talking about 1970s, the height of the hippy era, the hippies and we did this concert. It was packed. The synagogue was packed upstairs and downstairs on a Monday night. I brought in the composer, Gershon Kingsley, and I did the service with a choir. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=6840.0,6870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was unbelievable. That's one of the programs. Then we did the cantorial concerts. The biggest, most famous cantors in the world I had in my congregation [giving] at least one concert a year. We were exposed to different types of concert. I think I . . . I'm not bragging about it, but I thought this is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=6870.0,6900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"part of my being involved in teaching, bringing fresh music in. Otherwise, they would not hear it. Not everybody could go to New York, or Chicago, or Los Angeles, so I used to bring it in and vice versa. I used to be invited to go to different communities around the country.\n\nGHITIS: What aspects of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=6900.0,6930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"work as a cantor, outside of what you just mentioned, were most meaningful to you?\n\nGOODFRIEND: To me, I can sum it up. Every time I stepped up to conduct services, it's like the first time for me because I took it very serious. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=6930.0,6960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To me, it was\nnot just another performance. It's like you have a show going on on Broadway\n[every] Friday night [for a] month or two-year run. I took it very serious.\nEvery time I stepped up I had thought to myself, \"Remember who you are standing for.\" Da Lifnei Mi Atah Omed. It's a Hebrew expression ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=6960.0,6990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[which means] 'know who before you are standing.' It was on the shiviti. In all congregations, there was a shiviti before the cantor, the amud, the lectern. Remember who you are standing for, who you are praying for. To me, it was an obligation, so . . .Of\ncourse, the High Holy Days, the mood is different. On Rosh Ha-Shanah, Yom\nKippur, you are asking ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=6990.0,7020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for forgiveness for the congregation, and for yourself,\nand your family, and the community. Of course, it's a different atmosphere but I\nused every atmosphere in a proper context. If it is Rosh Ha-Shanah, I would\npsyche myself and say, \"Hey, this is real deal stuff. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=7020.0,7050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is not to monkey\naround and take it lightly.\" To me, I cannot single out . . .The fact is, when I\nwas asked to sing the Star-Spangled Banner at Jimmy Carter's inauguration,\nsomebody asked me--I think the Jewish Week in New York interviewed me--\"How did it feel? How did you feel when you got up there to sing?\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=7050.0,7080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How did I feel? Without any hesitation, [I said,] \"Like before Kol Nidre.\" I had such awe. I had the same feeling at that moment like I feel before chanting Kol Nidre. I had\nsuch awe because I began to realize this was something I really didn't deserve.\nWhy me? I am born in a shtetl in Poland, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=7080.0,7110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"being singled out. You want to thank\nG-d for making this happen. It was something . . . I really felt this way. It\nwas not just singing, \"Oh, say can you . . .\" No, it was different. It's the\nmood you bring into ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=7110.0,7140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the song. You can bring in your own mood into any song when you sing it, time you do it. What are the circumstances surround this particular occasion, this event? You put all these things together and you realize that this is not just another happening.\n\nGHITIS: You mentioned the fact that you were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=7140.0,7170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"chosen to sing at President\nCarter's inauguration. Could you talk about other highlights in your life as a cantor?\n\nGOODFRIEND: Yes. As a cantor, thank G-d, I had many highlights that my\nprofession led me to because the fact that I was making a living and living as a\ncantor. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=7170.0,7200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To me, besides the highlights of singing--which singing itself was a\nhighlight--to be chosen to sing for a Presidential inauguration, which, by the\nway, was not only because I was singing . . . It was a historic event for a\ncantor, not necessarily me, because in the history of the United States, a\ncantor never represented the Jewish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=7200.0,7230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"community at a Presidential inauguration in\n200 years. Nineteen seventy-six was 200 years since the Declaration of\nIndependence. There always was a rabbi together with a priest or minister. The\nrabbi represented the Jewish community. That particular President that year,\nthere was no rabbi representing the Jewish community. I represented, as a\ncantor, the Jewish community. To me, this too was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=7230.0,7260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a sort of an addition to the\nresponsibility of 'you are representing, not yourself.' Of course, there was a\nlot of letters to the New York Times opposing my selection, yes, sure. I know\nthe people who wrote the letters. Later, [we] became friends. There were people,\na lot of rabbis--I know; I have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=7260.0,7290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"copies of the letters--they [complained,] \"How\ncome? This is not correct.\" Then I had all the pros. I had people on my side who\nwrote letters to the editor--unsolicited; I didn't know who they are--who said,\n\"Why not?\" But all the highlights is to me being chosen to sing at the\ncentennial of the Statue of Liberty is as ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=7290.0,7320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"equal, if not more meaningful\npersonally [because of my] family background, to sing at the Statue of Liberty\nat the centennial. I was chosen by the Secretary of the Interior at that time\n[in] 1986. Yes, 1986 was exactly 100 years since France gave the Statue of\nLiberty to the United States. I dunno. They might take it back now, but it is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=7320.0,7350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a\nfact. I was chosen to sing the French national anthem, and the American national anthem, and old patriotic songs at the foot of the Statue of Liberty. To me, this is the gate of liberty. Maybe some of my family came through that lady with a flame, Emma Lazarus [called it]. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=7350.0,7380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I felt at that time, \"My G-d, if my immediate family had just thought of coming to these shores, how many members of my family would be alive?\" This was quite an accomplishment to be invited. We had a big competition that day. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=7380.0,7410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That day, the [Atlanta] Braves, no the [New York] Mets won the World Series. They had the tickertape parade on Wall Street. When we came back from Statue of Liberty, we couldn't walk. We were drowned in papers. This, too, is memories. How can you forget those memories? Then, of course, professionally I was privileged enough ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=7410.0,7440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be invited in 1990 with seven other cantors to tour Eastern Europe before the fall of Communism. To me, it was a great achievement in my profession, to sing in Warsaw, Amsterdam, and Budapest, Prague, and Vienna. We were there for about a week and then CBS had a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=7440.0,7470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sunday Morning with Charles Kuralt. I was interviewed in Warsaw. [There have been] many highlights. It's very difficult to mention all of them. I cannot complain. I did achieve professionally the same zenith of my life professionally.   ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=7470.0,7500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n\nGHITIS: How did you see the Ahavath Achim congregation evolve in your tenure as the cantor?\n\nGOODFRIEND: Evolve? The modernity is faster than we expected. From one modern innovation to another one goes too fast. Sometimes we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=7500.0,7530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fall over our own steps. We are used to it now because everything is fast now because there is no time. Egalitarian has to be now or yesterday. The acceptance of the gay and lesbians has to be yesterday. I don't say it's wrong, but one comes before the other one is finished. One ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=7530.0,7560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"modern innovation chases the other. It is too much at one time to absorb. I know we cannot postpone. It has to come, but gradually. All these things have to happen. I mean, the gay community has to be recognized because people are ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=7560.0,7590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this way [and] the egalitarianism because this is the law of the land. Evolution and religion are two different things. Religion is . . . That's why it's religion: because there are certain dogmas you adhere to. If not, it's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=7590.0,7620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not a religion at all and secularism becomes a religion. Secularism is not\nreligion. The seculars thought modernity is their religion. Then, why not? Let's\nhave women rabbis. Let's have women priests. Nobody is against women priests or women rabbis, but it is not, I would say, sticking to the dogma of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=7620.0,7650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"real\nreligion. It's a modern . . . like the Humanitarian religion. There's a\nrabbi--called a rabbi--who prays to whom it may concern, not G-d; to whom it may concern. [They say,] \"Bless us, to whom it may concern.\"\n\nGHITIS: Humanistic, you mean?\n\nGOODFRIEND: Yes, Humanistic religion.\n\nGHITIS: Since we are talking about faith, about religion, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=7650.0,7680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you have said you are\ngrateful to G-d for having . . .\n\nGOODFRIEND: Survived. Yes, sure.\n\nGHITIS: . . . survived and having given you the gift of your voice. How does\nyour faith play into the fact that, yes, you were given all these blessings, but\nyou lost your family? You ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=7680.0,7710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are a survivor. How does your faith reconcile all\nthis? Where is your faith now?\n\nGOODFRIEND: Faith never left me. I was born into it, I grew up in it, and it\nwas, as I've said many times when I make a presentation, shattered. It was\nshaken, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=7710.0,7740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"shattered, actually shattered to pieces. But if you go through what I\ndid, you sometimes reason . . . You try to reason but you don't find a reason.\nThe old question, why? Why didn't G-d do this? Why didn't G-d do that? Why did I do mine and he didn't do his? I prayed. He didn't answer. I prayed harder.\nNothing happened. I know he can do it. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=7740.0,7770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It didn't happen. Should I lose . . . We\nstill did the same thing. The last Rosh Hashanah under the Nazis was 1944 in\nSeptember. Yes, September 1944, I was hiding at a non-Jewish farmer's. There\nwere four men there. Four men and five women with a baby, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=7770.0,7800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a little girl. We said\nto each other, \"You know, today is Rosh Hashanah. I think it's Rosh Hashanah.\"\nWe didn't have a calendar to figure out but, \"Today must be Rosh Hashanah. Let's pray.\" Is it crazy? We started to talk, the men, among ourselves, \"We don't have a prayer book.\" The only ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=7800.0,7830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"way to pray is we'll pray out loud. If one forgets the text, the other one can remember. A crucifix was standing on the other side of the room. It was a little room. From the edge of this window [points off camera] up to here [points to the wall behind him]. I would say four [feet] by eight [feet]. Nine people slept there, ate there, in hiding there. Don't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=7830.0,7860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ask me how. The floor . . . There were two beds there. The baby slept in one with her mother\nand father, then the rest of us on the floor. Why pray? We said, \"Whatever\nhappens, if the Germans discover this hiding place, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=7860.0,7890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at least whenever they come, we'll be ready. We have prayed.\" In Yiddish, it was, [speaks in broken Yiddish phrases]. Whatever happens . . . When they come, yes, we prayed. We did our prayers. Was it crazy? No, it wasn't crazy. Realizing . . . No, it wasn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=7890.0,7920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"crazy because we thought at the last minute, because we were expecting it. They will discover it sooner or later. They have dogs. They discovered the hiding place in the ghetto. They have dogs. They can sniff it out. At least we will be okay with [G-d]. We did our thing. Later on, all these things come back to you after ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=7920.0,7950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you are liberated, after you live as a free man or free woman. You realize what may have happened. Was it faith? Was it fate or destiny? Both. It was both. I depicted in my book the Russian soldier who almost killed me after I was\nliberated. I was a free man. I was stealing a mattress. He stopped me because ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=7950.0,7980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I\nwalked out of the house where the Gestapo used to be. He goes, \"It's a fact. You\nwalked out of the house where the Gestapo used to be and you tell me you're a\nJew? Hitler killed all the Jews. If you tell me you are a Jew, you are a spy.\nThe fact is you covered your head with your mattress.\" All the reasons that he\nhad were legitimate reasons. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=7980.0,8010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Had not the woman walked by, a Polish lady with a\nbeautiful hat, and veil, and gloves, and matching purse-- I asked her, \"You\nspeak Russian?\" She said, \"Yes,\" and she saved my life. Another split second . .\n. What if he'd pulled the trigger and she doesn't walk by? Who do you thank? I\nwas looking for her. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=8010.0,8040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I couldn't find her. Is it a miracle? Why didn't this\nmiracle happen before, when my mother was standing there and being shot? [She] couldn't have the miracle that the gun should get stuck and not function? It\ncould have. Then you start reasoning. The reasoning and the questions ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=8040.0,8070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are the\nonly thing we have. If not, I wouldn't be here. I would commit suicide, or I\nwould go off my rocker, I would go crazy, and that's it. But if you want to go\nrelive and rationalize . . .Gey veyter [Yiddish: go further]. We say, \"Go\nfurther. Pick yourself up.\" There's a beautiful song that came out after the\nwar. It's called ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=8070.0,8100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Eybekyt,\" [Yiddish] eternity. I love this song, because in my\nopinion, it depicts more meaning for the survivors and the part . . . [sings in\nYiddish] Never say that it's the final road even though ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=8100.0,8130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ladened skies cover the\nsky of blue. We are still here. Eybekyt has more meaning. Eybekyt is eternity.\nIt is written by [Hirsch Glik]. He says in there, \"The world takes me around\nwith thorny hands and carries me to di fayer [Yiddish], the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=8130.0,8160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fire--the fire is burning--and throws me into the fire. I should be consumed, but I pick myself up\nagain. As a Jew, you walk again.\"\n\nGHITIS: Could you give us a flavor of that song?\n\nGOODFRIEND: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=8160.0,8190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[sings in Yiddish] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=8190.0,8220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He says, \"I fall under the turbines and I've been crushed, so I put myself as a new foundation underneath and I pick myself up again and I start walking again.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=8220.0,8250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is the strength of the eternity of the\nJewish people. To me, this song has the epitome of the eternity . . . I mean,\nyou can crush us, you can burn us, you can do anything you want, but somehow, we try to get up again. Look how many nations in the world were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=8250.0,8280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trying to get rid of us. I'm not talking about [Adolf] Hitler. I'm talking about years before, centuries before. This is what we are. When I think about the song, there are, of course, millions of memories in front of my eyes, pictures.\n\nGHITIS: Where are you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=8280.0,8310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with expression of your faith at this moment of your life?\nI know you have joined a new synagogue. Have you maybe returned to the place where you started?\n\nGOODFRIEND: It's not returned. I never left it. There are certain things that\nthe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=8310.0,8340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":". . . They say, \"Once a Hasid, always a Hasid.\" It's an old thing. Once you\nhave the Hassidic blood in you, you cannot take it away. Certain things remain\nwith you without you noticing it, certain manners, a certain way of doing\nthings, a certain way of thinking. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=8340.0,8370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Returned? I didn't return from something that\nI wasn't there before. I was there before. It was not a readjustment for me. It\nwas coming back home. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=8370.0,8400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For me, it is coming home. That does not mean that I\nsevered relationships with the synagogues I associated with before. G-d forbid,\nno. People are friends and people are people. We never lost our friendship or lost our contact. But as far as the few years that I have left, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=8400.0,8430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I might as well do things that I always wanted to do. It's never too late to study, never. I feel good. It gives me . . . The size multivitamin, this is a multiple, multiple, multiple, a multi- multiple vitamin. It just gives you a little inner feeling, a little uplifting. Spiritually, you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=8430.0,8460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can't live without spiritual thinking and practice. You do the best you can.\n\nGHITIS: You spoke a moment ago about highlights in your career. What about challenges?\n\nGOODFRIEND: Challenges? I never envied ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=8460.0,8490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anyone who reached more higher than I did. Even though there is a saying in the [Bava Batra], kinat sofrim [Yiddish], the envy of scholars or scribes . . . tarbeh chachma [Yiddish], brings ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=8490.0,8520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more wisdom. It is different, in a different context, in a different way entirely\nbecause we are talking about a certain time period in history when there were a\nlot of scribes, a lot of scholars, talking about, \"He knows more Talmud or more\nTanakh than I do.\" You wanted to reach his level, his plateau. This was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=8520.0,8550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"envy\nthat you learn from it. If you envy because you envy someone but that is not the\nJewish way to do. You're not supposed to envy. This is part of the Ten\nCommandments: don't envy somebody's wife, don't envy somebody else's fortune. As far as reaching, I reached my goals. I cannot go higher. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=8550.0,8580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sometimes, when I see people say, \"I did this. I did that,\" it doesn't impress me. It does not impress me because, so? Why not? He likes it? She likes it? Let her have the pleasure. My challenges were that, yes, I can do, I can make a living. I couldn't make a living without ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=8580.0,8610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"being a chazzan. I tried. If I could excel myself at peddling\nbefore I became a cantor, I could have become a department store owner. Who\nknows? Rich's could have bought me out now. But you do what you can. The\nchallenges . . . I feel I excelled myself. I could have excelled more than I did? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=8610.0,8640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know, maybe. To try to excel myself more? Yes, sure. I am still working on the second million. I never made the first one. [laughs]\n\nGHITIS: Have you had some moments of difficulty during your career? What has\nbeen tough for you?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=8640.0,8670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GOODFRIEND: Personal or professional?\n\nGHITIS: Both.\n\nGOODFRIEND: Yes, we had ups and downs in life. Before I became a cantor, before I took this on seriously as a profession, we had times that there wasn't enough money for this or enough money for that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=8670.0,8700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we managed. I have a good manager. My wife is a good manager and she managed okay. We tried to put ends together. We couldn't go to fancy vacations. We couldn't buy fancy clothes, so we did with the less fancy clothes. We tried to economize wherever we could and thank G-d. I'm not sorry.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=8700.0,8730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GHITIS: You worked with a number of rabbis. Do you have any stories to tell of\nyour relationships with the many rabbis with whom you led the synagogue?\n\nGOODFRIEND: Professionally, it was no problem. Some were more ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=8730.0,8760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cordial than\nothers and some of the rabbis were more friendly than the others, more\npersonable. There is a certain respect that you accord to someone that you\nrespect and you feel reciprocity. You feel that the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=8760.0,8790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other person shows you the\nsame respect. Sometimes you try to give respect, but you get repaid by\ndisrespect, so then you cannot show respect anymore. At the given time of the\nsituation, you can't be perfect. You cannot love ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=8790.0,8820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everybody. I always tell the\nstory; the Torah says love thy neighbor as thyself. Sometimes I don't love my\nneighbor. Why? Because he steps on my flowerbed. I've told him a million times,\n\"Watch where you drive. Don't ruin my flowerbed.\" Should I love him for it? It\ncosts me money to fix it, so I don't have to love him, but tolerate. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=8820.0,8850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sometimes\ntolerance is as good as showing respect. You don't have to love me, just\ntolerate me. If all the antisemites in the world will just tolerate us, we will\nhave less antisemitism.\n\nEINSTEIN: I know that you speak and you have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=8850.0,8880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"spoken without rest over the last many years about your experiences. I was wondering: what is the message that you want your audience, whether they be children or adults, to take away from your experience?\n\nGOODFRIEND: Education. Educate yourself. That is the first and foremost thing to think about. Be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=8880.0,8910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"knowledgeable. Try to be knowledgeable at least [about] what you are. You don't have to be a scholar in everything [like] philosophy and\nsciences, but be knowledgeable first about what you are. I say, \"Always know\nwhat to answer.\" I told my classes when I used to teach, 'I don't expect you to\nwalk out of my class a scholar. If ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=8910.0,8940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you will retain five percent of what I am teaching you, this will be my reward.\" \"Because you go out in the world,\" I say,\n\"from high school to college. You'll meet kids and they'll challenge you, 'You\nare Jewish?' They'll challenge you, 'Do you know your Bible?'\" They know their\nBible. They read it every Sunday. Do you know your Bible? [Do you] know who the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=8940.0,8970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first kind of Israel was? It's the same thing [as if] you know who the first\nPresident of the United States was. You are American, but you are also Jewish.\nYou should know who the first kind was, who the Prime Minister is. It's as\nsimple as that. That's why I always emphasized when I taught junior high the\nafternoon Hebrew school, you have to emphasize because they always gave me texts ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=8970.0,9000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to teach. I said, \"No, I want to teach Jewish personalities that otherwise they would not hear of them. They would not know who they are.\" I demanded, \"I demand homework. I don't care. Just something. At the end of the season, you have to bring me two papers.\" I told them, \"I don't care if you cheat. I don't care.\" I told them, \"If you cheat, write a . . . Preferably ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=9000.0,9030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not. Don't cheat. But if you\ncannot, as long as you will write it down again, you will remember.\" This was\nthe case. I invited once Rabbi Epstein. I said, \"Please, just be the one . . .\ntest the class. Ask them questions.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=9030.0,9060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was amazed how much these kids\nremembered, kids who would not sit still in his confirmation class. [He asked,]\n\"How can you keep . . ?\" I said, \"I separate them.\" I see three little girls\nsitting there, giggling all the time, [I tell them,] 'Look, Karen, you sit here.\nYou sit there. Susan, you sit by yourself. When you come to me and tell me you\nwon't do it anymore, I'll put you back together.' That's all. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=9060.0,9090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We are very good\nfriends. They are now mothers of their own children. They remember. But it's\ngood to hear now, if I said, \"Why did you marry a cantor?\" One of the girls\n[said,] \"You influenced me.\" Good. Thank G-d.\n\nEINSTEIN: Why is it so important to you to educate the next generation of Jewish children?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=9090.0,9120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GOODFRIEND: Because this is the first thing we have to do. If you leave an\neducated upcoming generation, you can assure that those kids will do the same\nthing to their children. This is a chain reaction. When I spoke in Akron, Ohio\njust two weeks ago to a non-Jewish high school, they asked me the same question, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=9120.0,9150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"What do you want to accomplish?\" I said, \"Because I just noticed in your book, one of the students wrote, 'Why?'\" That's all you have to do: why. I understand, as a survivor, your question. That's all you wrote: why? I am very happy to speak to kids who know to ask the question, \"Why?\" I want you to know, if ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=9150.0,9180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you will teach your kids to know how to ask the question why, I will feel good. All the survivors will feel good. Because if the next two generations won't know what to ask, they won't know the why question, then we are lost. Because you want to know. That's why you ask why. If you are looking for knowledge, learn now. They liked what I said. This is true. It ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=9180.0,9210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is nothing magic. This is what it is.\n\nGHITIS: You have been a very popular figure in this community. I would say\nbeloved. Why do people like you so much?\n\nGOODFRIEND: When you have it, you have it. If you've got it, you've got it.\n[laughs] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=9210.0,9240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No, all kidding aside, I myself cannot tell you exactly. I am me. This\nis how I am. I don't go around with a sour face. I take maybe a little too lightly . . . If I am an optimist? Yes, I am an optimist. I have to be. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=9240.0,9270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think things are going to get better. Things don't work out? Maybe not yet. Maybe tomorrow. We've been patient a long time, so, we'll see, maybe it will happen. As far as my personality, this is the way I am. I cannot put on a false impression that I'm not. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=9270.0,9300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like to laugh. I like good stories. I like to read a good book, which gives me a little pleasure. That's it.\n\nGHITIS: In contrast with some survivors who are not as forthcoming towards\nothers, who are ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=9300.0,9330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more reserved, you are very different. You could be an\nimbittered person.\n\nGOODFRIEND: I could, but I'm not. It's not a question . . . When survivors get\ntogether among themselves, you'll hear this, exactly what you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=9330.0,9360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"say. They are\nbitter. Everything is turned out to their way of thinking or their experience,\nthat nothing good can come out. [They think,] \"We went through it. Whatever is\npromised, don't believe it. Don't believe a thing.\" It's not the way it is, of course, when you are out in the world. Don't forget, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=9360.0,9390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was very little exposed to the survivor community as far as on a daily basis. Not that I shied away. On the contrary, whenever I see a survivor, we sit and we talk for old times' sake, talk about the old country and so on. But my main contact were American Jews in all ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=9390.0,9420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"different types, different groups. To walk around figuratively with a sour\nface all the time, this would have hampered my career as well. I did not work at\nit to be different. It is because, as I said ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=9420.0,9450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before, this is the way I am. I cannot . . .When I talk to my aunt, my mother's sister--I just talked with her the other day--we very seldom talk about the past. This is the youngest sister of my mother. I just spoke to her. Just yesterday, she finally got into an old age home. I ask how she's feeling, she ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=9450.0,9480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"complains about her sickness, I complain about my sickness, what kind of pills we take. This is the exchange. Give the gossip there, give the gossip here. What does he do? What does your son do? What does your daughter do? This is our conversation. There are survivors that come together and that's all they talk about is the old home, their mishpokhe [Yiddish: family and close friends] they lost, and so forth ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=9480.0,9510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so on. This will not help me, or help my outlook, or hamper my outlook to be different because the fact I survived. Survival by me--as I've said [and] I've stated many times--is something that G-d wanted me to live, very simple, maybe to talk in 2003 to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=9510.0,9540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you. I don't know if that's why he let me live. I believe so and I'm grateful for it. Family? Yes, of course I miss family every minute of the day. When I see my grandkids, I remember my brothers and sisters. I see somebody else's aunt; I remember my aunt. Not a day goes by that I shouldn't think of them, of course, but ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=9540.0,9570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the survivors are a different breed. Survivors, unfortunately, live for themselves, and do not contribute too much to the community life that gave them freedom, gave them a name, and a community to live and to make a living. I had once in my house ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=9570.0,9600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a UJA fundraiser here in Atlanta. Only survivors came. They said they will not go to this house or the other house because, \"We don't talk to each other.\" To my house they will come. They all came . . . many years ago. I asked them, \"Who do you want to be the speaker? Somebody that you all agree.\" [They said,] \"Doctor [Irving] Greenberg.\" Greenberg was very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=9600.0,9630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"active in the Hebrew Academy and active in the Federation. He came. He spoke to them in half Yiddish, half English. They understood English. His sister, Micki, was then in charge the Federation to sign in all the refugees who came in to Atlanta, the survivors. I get all the cards. When I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=9630.0,9660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"take all the cards, krank gemacht [Yiddish: made sick]. I got sick. I saw the figures what they promised to the Federation. In three years, they haven't paid. I said, \"Let me talk to them.\" I called everyone to the side. About 50 of them came. I talked to the husband, not the wives. I said, \"It's not nice. I see you promised $10 in 1959. You haven't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=9660.0,9690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"paid 1959, in 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965. It's gornisht [Yiddish: nothing]. You are an apartment owner. You have so many apartments. You have a grocery store. You're making a living. You go on vacations. You drive a Cadillac.\" [I said,] \"It's ten dollars. Gornisht. I am paying more than that and I'm a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=9690.0,9720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"newcomer to this community. I'm paying ten times as much for the Federation, not because they're asking me. I volunteer.\" I said, \"It's gornisht.\" They said, \"What should I do? I'll promise again $10 and I won't pay.\" The mentality . . . I said, \"I am not continuing this conversation.\" I just told them, \"It is not nice to act this way.\" Did they change? No. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=9720.0,9750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Did they make more money? Yes. Did they give more money? No. And there are quite a few in this community. Of course, I am not mentioning any names. It is not the point. The point is--this answers your question--some of the survivors are still bitter. It's not a question of bitter. It's a question of fear. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=9750.0,9780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[They think,] \"I might have less if I give away the $10.\" Of course, they won't have less, but the idea of sharing with the rest of the community . . . for no good reason. How to educate to do different? The children of those survivor parents are different now. They already feel a little better to participate. Some of them are very active in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=9780.0,9810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Federation. I know a few who are very active. I knew their parents well. This is the whole reason.\n\nEINSTEIN: Why is this of value to you? Is it from your parents and your\nupbringing or is because you came to this country and Canada as an immigrant? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=9810.0,9840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Why is supporting the community important? Where does that come from?\n\nGOODFRIEND: It comes from home. We were assessed. In Poland, you were assessed according to your income to give a certain amount of money to the community to support the old age home, and the Jewish hospitals, and [charitable support to help poor young women marry], and [hospitality] for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=9840.0,9870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wayfarers to sleep overnight. There were all these institutions that was in every little town. In big cities like Lodz, there were many. There were soup kitchens and besides that there were pushkah [Yiddish: charity box]. In our apartment, [there were] two rooms, a kitchen and a room. It was near where the mezuzah was. We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=9870.0,9900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were four pushkahs. Every Friday before Sabbath, put in a few coins. We weren't wealthy. [We were] far from middle class. We made a living from the little textile store. My mother worked and my father worked at that store. I worked when I was eleven years old to help to wrap the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=9900.0,9930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"parcels. This was innate. Somebody comes in, stretches his hand [out], you give him [charity]. If Friday night before my father went home, he saw a few people standing there, waiting to be invited for a Shabbos meal, [he would say,] \"You don't have anywhere to go? Come with me.\" He didn't have to call to tell my mother, \"I am bringing a guest,\" nothing. We took ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=9930.0,9960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this piece of chicken and split it in two. It worked for two people instead of one person. The soup, instead of two ladles of chicken soup, you have one ladle of chicken soup. You have two ladle? Give him one ladle. There was always something, so we shared. At least a man should not be alone on Shabbos. This was innate. There are certain things you don't teach in a school. Even ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=9960.0,9990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"today, \"It's mitzvah day. Bring your coins.\" Like the joke goes, the son comes homes. He says, \"Ma, teacher told me to bring for the Korean Army some money.\" [Ma wonders,] \"The Korean Army?\" She calls up the teacher, says, \"What kind of business is that? You collect money for the Korean Army?\" [Teacher says,] \"No, the [unintelligible; sounds like \"kareenami'].\" The kid thinks it's the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=9990.0,10020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Korean Army. [laughs] Unfortunately, this is the way it is.\n\nEINSTEIN: Did you teach your children the same values?\n\nGOODFRIEND: They saw it in the house. We always participated to the best of our ability. I did not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=10020.0,10050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":". . . What I could, I gave. I support the Yeshiva. I support\nthe Hebrew day school. I support the Hebrew Academy. I support the Epstein\nSchool. I mean, how many schools can you support? We gave everybody a little bit.\n\nGHITIS: Let us go back a little bit again. How did it happen that you came to Atlanta?\n\nGOODFRIEND: What do you mean how did it happen? It's a long story. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=10050.0,10080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I came to Atlanta because I was looking to advance in my profession. In Cleveland, even though I had a fine job, I was well-liked, I could have stayed all my life in\nCleveland with no problem. I figured, \"I'm at an age . . . Forty is a good age\nto make a change if you want to advance.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=10080.0,10110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As I said, I did not ask the\norganization, the Cantors Assembly, where I belonged to that, \"I'm looking for a\njob.\" I said, \"I'm not looking, but if something good opens up like a\ncongregation like Atlanta, Georgia,\" because I used to get the bulletin from\nAtlanta. I liked what I saw. The way the bulletin was put together, it was like\na ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=10110.0,10140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"balabatish [Yiddish: respectable; well off]. It's a nice, dignified congregation. [I said] I would look into it. This was it. In January 1965, I get a telephone call, \"Atlanta, Georgia is open. The cantor is retiring or the congregation is firing the cantor. If ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=10140.0,10170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you are interested, let us know and somebody will get in touch with you.\" Somebody did. Rabbi Epstein called me on a Sunday morning and he asked me. If I remember correctly verbatim what he said, [it was] \"Your name was given to us by the Cantors Assembly, saying you were interested in coming to Atlanta.\" Without hesitation, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=10170.0,10200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I said, \"Yes. It all depends. If you have a day school for my children, I would be interested. If you don't have a day school, sorry, I cannot make a move because I need a school for my kids.\" He said, \"Yes, we have a school, the Hebrew Academy.\" [I said,] \"Let's continue the conversation.\" He said, \"Okay. Please send us some tapes, whatever you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=10200.0,10230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"want to. We'll hear you.\" My response was, \"Rabbi, tapes they usually deceive one party or the other. If I send a tape, I'll probably select the best tape I ever made and in reality, I might not sound like the tape. Or vice versa.\" I said, \"I send you a tape that is not good, then I won't be hired. The best thing is to audition in person.\" I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=10230.0,10260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"waited about a week. Then, I decided, \"Well, I can't lose anything. I'll send a tape.\" Of course, I picked a tape with a choir, and English, and Hebrew, and davening, and with orchestra, without orchestra. I selected some good numbers so they could hear the voice and they could hear my interpretation. And I had a lot ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=10260.0,10290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of material, biographical and what I did all these years. I waited January, and February, and March, and April. No sound. [I thought,] \"I'm not going to run after them. They probably hired.\" I see the bulletin. I see every week another cantor is coming in to audition. At least 15 candidates came ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=10290.0,10320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in from January to April. In April, I get a package from Atlanta, Georgia. The tape came back. The letter, I don't think it was ever opened. I sent a letter accompanying the material. I thought I might as well make a contract with the [Cleveland] congregation and stay. We discussed a five-year ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=10320.0,10350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"contract in Cleveland. Sometime in June, I get a call from Rabbi Epstein with an apology, \"I am sorry we didn't call you sooner. Somebody in the congregation said I am doing a disfavor to the congregation by not inviting [you].\" This is what he was told by my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=10350.0,10380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"peers, my colleagues. [He said,] \"So, we'd like to invite you to come out for a Tuesday night in June to audition. Can you come next Tuesday, the following Tuesday?\" I said, \"I'm sorry I cannot come the following Tuesday because I am being honored by the JNF in Cleveland,\" because I was very active in the JNF. [I said,] \"I am the honoree, so I cannot say I am going to audition for a job. Secondly, this is supposed to be confidential. I have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=10380.0,10410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a job. I cannot advertise that I am going to Atlanta.\" He said, \"What about two weeks?\" I said, \"Okay.\" In the meantime, between January and June, I had occasions to meet some people from Atlanta because I knew some people that I worked with in Cleveland who had a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=10410.0,10440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sister . . . No, she had her parents in Atlanta. [They were] big builders of Ahavath Achim. [Unintelligible name sounds like \"Stroki\"], if you remember. They were the Strokis. I paid a condolence call to these people in Cleveland and I met the Strokis, so at least I asked how the congregation is. They told me all about it. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=10440.0,10470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I got a bigger appetite to get here. This was the only connection. Being that I waited until June, I figured they probably hired somebody. There was no other way. [I said,] \"So, I'll wait. Something else will open up.\" But after Rabbi Epstein called me for the audition in June, I came. He came to the airport to pick me up himself. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=10470.0,10500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Later on, it was told to the congregation, that the rabbi should come and pick up the cantor is something that would never have happened. Later on, I found out, his brother used to be a rabbi in Montreal. He remembered me from Montreal. He probably asked about me, I suppose. Rabbi Epstein himself told me later ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=10500.0,10530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on, \"My brother talked very highly of you,\" and so forth and so on. I auditioned. I was very green coming to the South [about] how to react and how to connect with people with a Southern accent. I didn't know. They told me in Cleveland, \"You're going to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=10530.0,10560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the South? They lynch people in the middle of the street.\" They scared me. Anyhow, I came. I auditioned. The audition by itself was an interesting experience, hearing the questions, and so forth and so on. I think I did very well at the auditioning. Whatever they asked, I sang. One particular answer that I gave ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=10560.0,10590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was . . . somebody in the audience, a lady . . . I know this lady. She's still around. She speaks with a very deep Southern accent. She speaks Yiddish with a Southern accent and Hebrew, of course. I hear a voice, \"Cantor, can you chant the Kol Nidre?\" I said, \"Yes, I can.\" [She asked,] \"Would you do ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=10590.0,10620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it?\" I said that I'm sorry, I would not do it because it's June, a hot summer day. [I explained that] to sing Kol Nidre and give it the right interpretation is not right. To sing Kol Nidre, you have to have the right atmosphere that it's supposed to be done [in]. Then you put all your heart, all your soul in. But just to sing as a song, Kol Nidre is not a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=10620.0,10650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"song. [I said,] \"Believe me, I can sing Kol Nidre. Ask me something else.\" They of course asked me a few different prayers and so forth. Then a man with a European accent asked me, \"Can you sing Hashem Hashem?\" It is one of the 13 Attributes [of Mercy] that is done when you take the Torah out of the Ark and you sing this on the festivals. The way he asked me the question, I knew exactly what he wants to hear, which melody ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=10650.0,10680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he wants to hear. The minute I started, he starts nodding [his head in approval] to his neighbors. I guessed this was what he wanted to hear. I felt good. I felt that it's working. Afterwards, of course, they called me into the board meeting. I'm telling you the details that I remember standing out, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=10680.0,10710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what made me get the job. It was not a question of money. We didn't discuss any money. Money was . . . Of course, I wanted more money than I got in Cleveland, but this was not the point. The point was: How will I relate to the people? How will I contact with the people?\n\nGHITIS: Who were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=10710.0,10740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of the individuals you remember form that time?\n\nGOODFRIEND: There were so many. I remember so many, except . . .\n\nGHITIS: Could you name a few? Who was President?\n\nGOODFRIEND: President was Michael Kraft, who never heard me sing because when I came, he had a heart attack at that time. He was in the hospital, so the\nExecutive Director took me to his house ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=10740.0,10770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to introduce me to him. He lived on\nLennox Road. As it turned out, this was the icing on the cake. I'll tell you\nwhy. This was after the audition, after they talked to me, tachlis [Hebrew: to\nget to the point]. We were sitting there and she says to me, \"Do you know Rosa\nLoeb?\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=10770.0,10800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She [was] Mrs. Kraft, Ray, aleha ha-shalom [Hebrew: may peace be upon her], of blessed memory. I said, \"Do I know Rosa Loeb? She's my accompanist in Cleveland.\" She almost fell down on the floor. [She said,] \"That's my first cousin.\" I knew exactly that the telephone [call] would be put in to Rosa Loeb that night or maybe the same hour. I don't have to tell you what Rosa ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=10800.0,10830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Loeb told them about me. Later on, [I realized] I better put in a call to Rosa Loeb, that\nif she does hear anything, she doesn't spread a word. She should keep her mouth shut, because until I have a signed contract, I cannot say a word. This was sort of fitting in into the puzzle. Obviously, they liked my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=10830.0,10860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"voice. They liked my presentation. They asked me to talk about myself. The interim President was\nHarry Lane Siegel. Harry Lane Siegel was a fixture in this community. He was . . . He coined a word, \"We are a big-league congregation.\" Everything has to be the best. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=10860.0,10890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If I want to bring programs later on, the best. Money is no object. Want\nto bring the symphony? Take the symphony. Want to bring in composers? Bring in whatever you feel is right, the correct way. It was a pleasure to work with\nHarry Lane. He passed away just a few years ago. I remember the other members of the congregation: Dr. [Marvin] Goldstein, and Joe Cohen, and Dr. Billy Schaten, of blessed memory, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=10890.0,10920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"both Dr. Goldsteins, and Abe Goldstein . . . I went through about 20 presidents in this congregation.\n\nGHITIS: Who was the retiring cantor?\n\nGOODFRIEND: Joseph Schwartman. He was an old timer from Europe. He was an old-fashioned cantor, a fine interpreter of liturgy. He was known. He was a real old timer, but in those days ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=10920.0,10950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":". . . He came in here in 1942 . . . 1965, 25 years\nhe was here. He came here in 1940 to Atlanta and he retired in 1965. To me, coming from a congregation that was Traditional and Conservative at the\nsame time, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=10950.0,10980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I found it here more challenging--not because of the size of the\ncongregation; but the way the rabbi, Rabbi Epstein, used to run the\ncongregation. It was sort of dignified. There was always the barrier between the\npulpit and the congregation, the respect that the congregation had for the\npulpit, for the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=10980.0,11010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people on the pulpit. The rabbi gave the same respect to the\ncongregation. It was not a free for all. It was not on a first name basis. In\nCleveland, everybody [called out to me,] \"Hey, Isaac! Hey. How are you doing?\nAttaboy!\" It was [like I was] one of the guys, one of the boys. Here, it was:\nyou are the clergy and the congregation. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=11010.0,11040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was a contract, as there is supposed\nto be, between the clergy, the spiritual leadership, and the congregation,\nconsulting, and helping, and visiting the sick. Like, doing what's supposed to\nbe done between the officials of the congregation and the congregation.\n\nGHITIS: What about between the rabbi and cantor?\n\nGOODFRIEND: There was no . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=11040.0,11070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To me, I can boast the fact that all the rabbis .\n. . I shouldn't say all the rabbis, but most of the rabbis that I worked with,\nwe were in the best of relationships until this very day. The very first rabbi\nthat I encountered in Canada, when we first came from Europe, he's a dear\nfriend. When we see each other, it's like we never left each ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=11070.0,11100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other. The rabbi in\nCleveland was like a brother to me. I felt the same way and to this very day,\nwith his widow. She just came a few months ago to visit us. It's something that\nyou cannot erase. The name I left is good wherever I left.\n\nGHITIS: Can you talk about your relationship with Rabbi Epstein?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=11100.0,11130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GOODFRIEND: I don't have enough words to describe that relationship. It was a\nrelationship you cannot express. It was a togetherness. We had the same kind of feeling toward the congregation. We knew what the congregation means as a\ncongregation. It was like an extended family to us and I think it was to him as\nwell. [They were] our extended family, my wife's and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=11130.0,11160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mine. We were a part of\ntheir simchas, a part of, G-d forbid, their sorrows. Whatever we could, we\nneeded each other and we helped each other. Rabbi Epstein was the same thing. I never asked for a day off. To me, this was so far removed . . . A day off? You mean, on Shabbos, if something happened, [I would say,] \"It's my day ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=11160.0,11190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"off\"? I am being facetious, of course. On Shabbos, I would never take off except for\nvacation. But a day off? Today is a different story. Today it's a job and a job\ndescription. The first thing, before they talk about contracts, [they ask,] \"When do I have off?\" Doesn't even have the contract yet and he wants already off. [He is still] auditioning [and asks,] \"How many days do I get off a year?\" It's beyond . . . We had this old approach. The ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=11190.0,11220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"old is good. The approach of integrity. The approach of loyalty. When I'm talking about loyalty, I'm not only talking about loyalty between the clergy and the congregation. I'm talking about loyalty between families and congregations. We have fifth generations at that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=11220.0,11250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"synagogue, but the loyalty is gone. If the kids' friends move to another part of\nthe city, they'll move where their friends are. [You say,] \"Your grandfather was\n. . . \" [They say,] \"So? My grandfather was. But I am not my grandfather. I am\nyounger. I want to go where the young people are.\" The question of loyalty works both ways, but if you know how to deal with a modern-day congregation, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=11250.0,11280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can still make a go of it because today's congregation is looking for something meaningful in Judaism. They like to feel it. We don't deal with first-generation and second-generation immigrants that came with a foreign language, with Yiddish, or Russian, or Polish. They sort of still lived the old ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=11280.0,11310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"way even though they started to learn and speak English. Today, 90 percent of the members are college graduates, professionals. They have higher education [and are in] high tech especially now. They want something . . . Talk to Reform Jews, they want to know about Reform Jews. Talk to Orthodox Jews, they want to know about Orthodox Jews. Judaism in general, they want to learn. They want to know more about their own religion. We have never had such ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=11310.0,11340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a resurgence of people looking for identification, identifying with their religion, as we have today. People go far and wide to attend classes and attend lectures. It's a different way of catering to the congregants. We can talk about it from now until doomsday. It's something that is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=11340.0,11370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in evolution.\n\nGHITIS: Let us go back.\n\nGOODFRIEND: What time is it?\n\nGHITIS: We are going through tough times as Jews with Israel and antisemitism\naround the world. What is your perspective of what is going on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=11370.0,11400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these days to the\nJewish people?\n\nGOODFRIEND: One thing that I learned from my experience is we'll always have antisemitism. We lived with antisemitism for so many years. Sometimes it was open antisemitism and sometimes it was hidden antisemitism. You scratch somebody and find antisemitism there. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=11400.0,11430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We could live. Nobody loves us. A lot of people don't like us. For what reason? I don't know. I cannot pinpoint. [It is] because we are different. Very simple: because we are different. The only thing, in my opinion, that will make us live with antisemitism is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=11430.0,11460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the state of Israel. As\nlong as the state of Israel will be inexistence as an independent country for\nthe Jewish people or those who want to go there, then we can live for many\nyears. Antisemitism you cannot irradicate. You cannot erase it. As I said, there's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=11460.0,11490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"open antisemitism, classical antisemitism, and the old antisemitism. It has different connotations. It's something you cannot get away. It's more in existence now than it was five years ago. It's a fact. Take Western Europe. It came out again. They weren't . . . They didn't not hate the Jews those five years. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=11490.0,11520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They hated the Jews, but now they came out in the open. The same antisemites. They see it's a heyday. It's permissible now. When I lived in Paris, it was not in style to hate Jews because they hated the Germans as much as we hated the Germans, the Nazis. But now, it's in style because Israel is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=11520.0,11550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the way. If there would be antisemitism without Jews? Yes, there would be antisemitism even without Jews. Japan doesn't have too many Jews and there's antisemitism. Just the other day, there was a conference, I think in New York. Just this week, Evoch sponsored a conference on antisemitism. I heard it on the radio the other day, exactly addressing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=11550.0,11580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the same thing: Will there be antisemitism without Jews? Yes, there will be and they took Japan as an example. [Look at] Poland. Poland had 3,000,000 Jews before the war. Now how many? Five thousand or 10,000 and antisemitism is unbelievable in Poland. We will live. We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=11580.0,11610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can manage. We can answer we can write letters. We can tell the antisemites, \"You don't know what you are talking about.\" We can have a discussion if they want to learn. But today, if Israel will remain a viable country as a Jewish country, then we can live and hope that antisemitism will not try to do away with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=11610.0,11640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"us. It's not any more lawless. We do not live in a lawless society. You cannot just go out and shoot. In my opinion, it's my only opinion, is that if the Jewish people have to arm themselves and defend themselves against violent antisemitism, they'll do so.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=11640.0,11670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GHITIS: You mean outside of Israel?\n\nGOODFRIEND: Outside of Israel. Israel can defend itself. I'm talking about\noutside of Israel. To call names, I grew up with it as a kid. [They would say,]\n\"Jew, go to Palestine!\" I answered, \"I wish I could.\" He's blessing me. He's not\ncursing me [with] \"Jew, go to Palestine!\" I couldn't go to Palestine. I wanted\nto go to Palestine in the 1930s. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=11670.0,11700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They didn't let us in. But if you come with a,\n\"Jew, I want to kill you,\" then that's bad. You kill him first.\n\nGHITIS: How do you see the present situation in Israel with the terror attacks,\nthe United States with the other countries with their proposed ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=11700.0,11730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Road Map [to\nPeace]? What are your thoughts on that?\n\nGOODFRIEND: This is a very complicated issue. The 'road map,' in my opinion, is to appease both sides. The United States is the only friend that Israel has.\nThere's no question about it. It is not just for the sake of Israel. It's for the sake of the United States because Israel is the only ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=11730.0,11760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"democracy in this part of the world. If the United States has an ally that they can trust without any strings attached, it's Israel. They know they can rely on them, their technique, their technology, their loyalty to the United States. As long as the United States will not sacrifice the state of Israel. The Road Map is something that has a nice ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=11760.0,11790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"name. It sounds right. It sounds right to the Palestinians and it sounds right to . . . But there is a give and take with it. But it will only work if the whole world will understand with a clear mind we are not an obstacle in the way to peace. We are not the obstacle. Israel is not going to attack any country. Israel's aim is not to attack any ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=11790.0,11820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"country in the world, simply to defend itself. All the weapons they have is to defend themselves. Israel is not interested to march in to Syria, or to Lebanon, or Libya, or to Saudi Arabia, or to Jordan. They, all these countries, are interested to destroy Israel. If the 'road map' is one vehicle that helps to avoid the belief among ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=11820.0,11850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Arabs and the Palestinians that Israel is only interested in one thing . . .To live side by side, as I said, tolerate. We'll tolerate each other. We don't have to love each other, just tolerate, live and let live. But if you have suicide bombers . . . America knows that. Don't think they . . . [Colin] Powell knows that. They know it, but they want to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=11850.0,11880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"give the Arabs a chance to show their good will, that they are interested in the same thing. If this will help? In my opinion, a Palestinian state is not going to solve the problem. It will be worse than now with a Palestinian state side by side unless the Palestinian one is run the democratic way, with democratic elections, recognition of the [unintelligible] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=11880.0,11910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"exchange, recognition of tourism . . .I'll never forget when we were in Egypt in 1980. We were in Cairo. We asked the guide, \"You didn't tell us anything about Moses.\" [She said,] \"Moses was never [unintelligible].\" She spoke in English perfect. She studied in London [England]. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=11910.0,11940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We said, \"As long as we don't see these souvenirs in souvenir shops in Cairo, there's no peace.\" This is what they have to understand. They cannot fight Israel. Israel will not let itself be destroyed by countries. This was one thing. It happened once. Never again. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=11940.0,11970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n\nGHITIS: Switching from Israel to our community, how do you see the future of the Atlanta Jewish community?\n\nGOODFRIEND: I am not a prophet. I cannot tell you what the future's going to be. But it's a large community. It's a growing community and it's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=11970.0,12000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"handled very\nprofessionally as far as the organization. It will continue to grow and flourish, no question about it, from all aspects. I'm not just talking one part of Judaism, from all aspects. Especially, I feel that the Orthodox community is going to make a big inroad into this community, in Atlanta, because ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=12000.0,12030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no matter which synagogue or temple you go to, everybody wants to know more about Yiddishkeit. Everybody wants to learn. Take the paper every week, you see how many opportunities there is to learn--lunch and learns at different office buildings, in hospitals, doctors . . . They want to know, \"Who am I? What should I do when this and this happens? What are the laws?\" We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=12030.0,12060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are lucky. We have those teachers among our community. To me, to go to a Kollel dinner and see 900 people from all across the community be there and pay tribute . . . There were times they saw a rabbi with the beard and tallis hanging out, [they would say,] \"My G-d, we are ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=12060.0,12090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not that religious.\" It's not a question of being religious. It's a question of being Jewish, not being religious. Chabad and Kollel, they don't tell you how you should live. They simply tell you how you should live as a Jew. Not, \"You should do this: A, B, C, D.\" They'll teach you, \"This is what a Jew does.\" You have free choice. If you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=12090.0,12120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"want to live as a Jew 100 percent, do A, B, C, D. If you want to do a little bit at a time, do a little bit at a time. Maybe if you taste it, you'll get to like it. You'll eat more. This is the way. Again, the optimistic view. I don't give up. Everything is so readily available. I didn't realize how ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=12120.0,12150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"many books are being written in English now--books on Jewish laws, the traditional way, the modern way, how to live as a Jew modern with all this technology, with Shabbos stoves, Shabbos refrigerator. Everything is ready made. Yes, it costs a few dollars more to be a Jew, no question about it, but it's worth it.  ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=12150.0,12180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n\nGHITIS: What do you want to tell future generations?\n\nGOODFRIEND: In what way? Again, it comes down to khinekh [Yiddish], education. Learn. The more you learn, the more you realize how little you know. The ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=12180.0,12210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"great thing of Judaism is the more you study it, the more you realize how much more there is to learn. Rabbi Epstein, Rabbi Sholom used to say it. He went to so many yeshivas, so many schools of higher learning. He learned one thing. One thing he learned! Nothing else. If you wants to know something, he knows where to look it up. He knows which ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=12210.0,12240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"book to take out to look it up, not to look through all the bookcases. He knows his source. This is important. Know your source. You don't have to be a scholar. If you are a scholar, fine. Then you can teach. If you are not a scholar, be knowledgeable.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=12240.0,12270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/transcript/29291/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GHITIS: Is there something you would like to add that we have not?\n\nGOODFRIEND: [laughs] I added enough.\n\nGHITIS: I want to thank you very much for sharing with us.\n\nGOODFRIEND: You are very welcome.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=12270.0,12300.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe chazzan (cantor) is the official in charge of music or chants and leads liturgical prayer and chanting in the synagogue.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePiotrkow [Polish: Piotrków] is a city in central Poland located about 43 kilometers (27 miles) southeast of Lodz. It was also called Piotrkow-Trybunalski since it was a regional seat of government. On the eve of World War II, the city had approximately 50,000 residents, including at least 15,000 Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLodz [Polish:  Łódź] is a large textile-manufacturing city about 75 miles from Warsaw.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePiotrkow was liberated by Soviet troops on January 16, 1945. Out of the estimated 28,000 Jews who had been imprisoned in the ghetto, only 1,600-1,700 had survived, either in the camps or in hiding.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIsaac’s family fled Lodz for Piotrkow in 1940. In the Piotrkow ghetto, Isaac was sent to work at the Kara factory, which manufactured plate glass. He lived and worked at the factory until 1943, when he escaped and went into hiding at a nearby farm.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBreslau [German] is the historical capital of Silesia and Lower Silesia, located on the Oder River in Central Europe. At various times, it has been part of the Kingdom of Poland, Bohemia, Hungary, the Austrian Empire, Prussia, and Germany. Following World War I, Breslau became part of the Weimer Republic and eventually became one of the strongest support bases of the Nazi Party. After World War II, the city became part of Poland. Today, the city is known as Wroclaw (Polish: Wrocław) and is the largest city in western Poland. In Czech, the city is known as Vratislav. Breslau is about 540 kilometers (336 miles) west-northwest of Lviv, Ukraine. After the war, a community in Breslau was established by Jews from Poland, but most had immigrated by the time Israel became a state.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (commonly called “the Joint”) is a worldwide Jewish relief organization headquartered in New York. It was established in 1914. After World War II, the Joint provided desperately needed supplies and necessities to survivors inside and outside of DP camps in Eastern Europe, Hungary, Poland and Romania.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBetty Grossman (1927-2008) was from Lithuania. During the war, she was confined to the Kovno ghetto with two of her nine siblings. Betty was sent to the Stuthoff Concentration camp in the summer of 1944. As the Allies advanced that winter, she was sent on a death march toward Germany. Betty managed to escape and fell in with the Russian Army, working as a nurse. When the war ended, she found herself in Berlin.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAt the end of the Second World War, U.S., British, and Soviet military forces divided and occupied Germany. Berlin was located far inside Soviet-controlled eastern Germany. The United States, United Kingdom, and France controlled western portions of the city, while Soviet troops controlled the eastern sector.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJoseph Shalom Shubow (1899-1969) was a Conservative American rabbi who was both a leader of the American Zionist movement and the Boston Jewish community. Born in Lithuania, he came to the U.S. with his family and attended Harvard University and then the Jewish Institute of Religion. In 1933, he was ordained and became the first rabbi of Temple B’nai Moshe in Brighton, MA. In 1943, Shubow enlisted in the U.S. Army and served as a chaplain in Europe with the 9th Army through 1946. In March 1945, having accompanied troops across the Rhine into Germany, he led a Passover seder in Goebbel’s castle, which became front-page news worldwide. After the war, he played a major role in reuniting Jewish families in DP camps and in Berlin.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGI is an abbreviation for “Government Issue” and commonly refers to a member or former member of the United States armed forces.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJewish battalions from the British Mandate of Palestine began fighting with the British Army as early as 1940, but it wasn’t until September 1944 that the Jewish Brigade Group (also known as the Jewish Brigade or Israeli Brigade) was formally established. The Jewish Brigade fought under the Zionist flag and served in Italy in 1945. After the war, Brigade members helped establish displaced persons camps in Europe and became active in organizing the emigration of Holocaust survivors to Palestine. The Jewish Brigade was disbanded in the summer of 1946. Many Brigade members joined the Haganah, a paramilitary organization in the British Mandate of Palestine, which became the core of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHatikvah [Hebrew: hope] is the national anthem of Israel. It was the unofficial national anthem of Israel from its founding in 1948, and was adopted officially in 2004.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe chazzan (cantor) is the official in charge of music or chants and leads liturgical prayer and chanting in the synagogue.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFeldafing was the first all-Jewish displaced persons camp, and hosted a large and important community of survivors. It was originally a summer camp for Hitler Youth, and was located 20 miles southwest of Munich, Germany in the American zone of occupation. The camp was originally opened on May 1, 1945.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLida is a city 168 kilometers (104 miles) west of Minsk in western Belarus in Grodno Region, which has a complicated historical and political past. It was part of Poland from 1920 until 1939 and part of the Russian Empire prior to the first World War.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA kitel [Yiddish: gown] is a white robe traditionally worn by the Ashkenazim. Men traditionally wear it, although some women do wear it today. The robe is worn over one’s clothing and is adorned by a white belt and lace collar. While the kitel used to be worn every Shabbat for services, today it is only worn on High Holy Days and special occasions.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTwo of Isaac’s aunts and a cousin escaped from the Piotrkow ghetto before it was liquidated in 1942 and survived in hiding at the same Polish farm Isaac would later hide at.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHasidic Judaism (also sometimes called Chasidim; from the Hebrew word \"Chasid\" meaning \"pious”) is a Jewish mystical movement that was founded in eighteenth century Eastern Europe by Rabbi Israel Baal Shem Tov. It is a branch of Orthodox Judaism that maintains a lifestyle separate from the non-Jewish world. It promotes spirituality through the popularization and internalization of Jewish mysticism as the fundamental aspect of the faith.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the Written Torah and the Oral Law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays and more.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCheder [Hebrew: room] is a Jewish religious elementary school for boys. Religious classes were usually held in a room attached to a synagogue or in the private home of a teacher called a ‘melamed.’ It was traditional for boys to start cheder at three or five years old, learning to read Hebrew from a primer and studying the Book of Leviticus. Girls did not attend cheder.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShabbat [Hebrew] or Shabbos [Yiddish] is the Jewish day of rest and is observed on Saturdays. Shabbat observance entails refraining from work activities, often with great rigor, and engaging in restful activities to honor the day. Shabbat begins at sundown on Friday night and is ushered in by lighting candles and reciting a blessing. It is closed the following evening with the recitation of the havdalah blessing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYontif is the Yiddish word; in Hebrew it is ‘yom tov.’ It is a generic word for Jewish holidays. It includes all but the High Holy Days of Rosh Ha-Shanah and Yom Kippur.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eZeilsheim was a DP camp that was opened in 1945 about 12 miles west of Frankfurt in the American- occupied zone. It was originally set up in what had been a camp for Russian forced laborers. Intended to house only 1,800 DPs, it was soon overcrowded and the camp began to requisition German homes to accommodate the DPs. By October 1946, approximately 3,570 Jews lived in the camp. Despite crowded conditions, Zeilsheim was viewed as one of the preferable DP camps. Zeilsheim maintained a Jewish theatrical group, a synagogue, a jazz orchestra, and a sports club. The camp had a number of schools, including an ORT school and nurse training school. Two Yiddish newspapers circulated and there was a library with approximately 500 books. Zeilsheim was the site of many protests against British policy on Jewish immigration to Palestine. The camp closed on November 15, 1948, after Israel had become a state.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAliyah Bet is the Hebrew term that refers to the clandestine immigration of Jews to Palestine between 1920 and 1948, when Great Britain controlled the area. Initiated by Zionist activists as the urgency for Jews to leave Europe intensified, this phenomena was referred to by the British as “illegal” immigration. Nevertheless, by 1948, well over 100,000 people, including more than 70,000 Holocaust survivors, had made it to Palestine.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Haganah [Hebrew: defense] was a Jewish paramilitary organization that operated in the British Mandate of Palestine from 1920 to 1948. They also organized underground immigration into Palestine.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMarseille is a port city in southern France. Many ships filled with Jewish refugees set sail for Palestine from Marseille, including the Exodus in 1947, which became a symbol of Aliyah Bet or illegal immigration.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eORT (Association for the Promotion of Skilled Trades) is a non-profit global Jewish organization that promotes education and training in communities worldwide. It was founded at the end of the eighteenth century in 1880 in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Active in over 100 countries, today, ORT is the world’s largest Jewish education and vocational training NGO (Non-Governmental Organization). After World War II, ORT was very active in opening schools in 78 DP camps and a number of European cities to train and prepare DPs (displaced persons) for resettlement in industrialized countries such as the United States, Canada, and Australia as well as Israel, which had a significant need for highly trained manpower. Some 85,000 Jews were trained in new profession and provided with the tools they needed to rebuild their lives.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDuring the seven-day Harvest Festival of Sukkot, Jews transfer their living quarters from the house to a sukkah, which is a makeshift booth whose roof is of branches or vegetation thin enough to let the rain in.  People eat in the sukkah and many pious Jews sleep there.  The sukkah is meant to remind Jews of the booths in which their ancestors dwelt when the wandered in the wilderness during the Exodus.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe 1924 Johnson-Reed Act had cut immigration quotas to admit fewer than 6,000 Polish immigrants into the United States per year. From 1939 to 1945, the quota for Polish immigrants admitted into the U.S. had increased to 15,000 per year. Immigration restrictions were still in effect at the end of the war until President Harry S. Truman issued an executive order, the \"Truman Directive,\" on December 22, 1945. It required that existing immigration quotas be designated for displaced persons (DPs). While overall immigration into the United States did not increase, more DPs were admitted than before. About 22,950 DPs, of whom two-thirds were Jewish, entered the United States between December 22, 1945 and 1947 under provisions of the Truman Directive. The Polish quota between 1945 and 1948 was 17,000 a year. Congressional action to increase immigration quotas did not come until 1948.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 1948, Congress passed legislation to admit more DPs to the United States. The Displaced Persons Act authorized the entry of 202,000 displaced persons over the next two years but within the quota system. It also stipulated that only DPs who had been in DP camps were eligible for the increased quotas and gave preference to relatives of American citizens who could be guaranteed housing and employment. When the act was extended for two more years in 1950, it increased displaced-person admissions to 415,000, but Jewish DPs only received 80,000 of these visas, making them only 16 percent of the immigrants admitted. Finally, in 1952, Congress revised the Immigration Act. However, the 1952 Act really only revised the 1924 system to allow for national quotas at a rate of one-sixth of one percent of each nationality’s population in the United States in 1920. By 1952, only 137,450 Jewish refugees (including close to 100,000 DPs) had settled in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAt the end of the Second World War, U.S., British, and Soviet military forces divided and occupied Germany. Berlin was located far inside Soviet-controlled eastern Germany. The United States, United Kingdom, and France controlled western portions of the city, while Soviet troops controlled the eastern sector. As the wartime alliance between the Western Allies and the Soviet Union ended and relations turned hostile, the question of whether the western occupation zones in Berlin would remain under Western Allied control or whether the city would be absorbed into Soviet-controlled eastern Germany led to the first Berlin crisis of the Cold War. The crisis started on June 24, 1948, when Soviet forces blockaded rail, road, and water access to Allied-controlled areas of Berlin. The United States and United Kingdom responded by airlifting food and fuel to Berlin from Allied airbases in western Germany. The crisis ended on May 12, 1949, when Soviet forces lifted the blockade on land access to western Berlin.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePassover [Hebrew: Pesach] is the anniversary of Israel’s liberation from Egyptian bondage. The holiday lasts for eight days. Unleavened bread, matzah, is eaten in memory of the unleavened bread prepared by the Israelite during their hasty flight from Egypt, when they had not time to wait for the dough to rise. On the first two nights of Passover, the seder, the central event of the holiday is celebrated.  The seder service is one of the most colorful and joyous occasions in Jewish life.  In addition to eating matzah during the seder, Jews are prohibited from eating leavened bread during the entire week of Passover. In addition, Jews are also supposed to avoid foods made with wheat, barley, rye, spelt or oats unless those foods are labeled ‘kosher for Passover.’ Jews traditionally have separate dishes for Passover.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTorah [Hebrew: teaching] is a general term that covers all Jewish law including the vast mass of teachings recorded in the Talmud and other rabbinical works. ‘Sefer Torah’ refers to the sacred scroll on which the first five books of the Bible (the Pentateuch) are written.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDavening is the act of reciting Jewish liturgical prayers during which the prayer sways or rocks lightly.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Rykestrasse Synagogue is the largest surviving pre-war synagogue in Berlin, Germany. Built in the neo-Romanesque style, it opened in 1904 and originally could seat 2,000. It is located in the northeast Berlin neighborhood of Prenzlauer Berg. Surrounded by densely populated residential buildings, it was not burned on Kristallnacht but its interior was badly damaged. The building survived Allied bombing raids during World War II but required extensive renovations. It was rededicated in 1953 by Rabbi Martin Riesenburger. The synagogue became the center of Jewish life in East Berlin and continues to serve a unified Berlin’s Jewish community today. A series of renovations in the 1960s and 2000s have restored the building to its original 1904 condition.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn November 8 and 9, 1938, a state-sponsored nationwide pogrom broke out across Germany, Austria, and in the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia. The pogrom was called ‘Kristallnacht,’ which means ‘Night of Crystal,’ and is often referred to as the “Night of Broken Glass” because of all the damage done to Jewish shop windows. An estimated 7,500 Jewish owned businesses had their windows shattered and were looted. Hundreds of synagogues were destroyed, several Jewish cemeteries were desecrated, and Jewish homes and school plundered. Jews were attacked on the streets and in their homes. The official death toll was given as 91, but scholars estimate there were hundreds killed as a result of violent attacks. Some 30,000 Jewish men were sent to concentration camps for several weeks and released only when they agreed to leave the country as soon as possible. Nazi officials further claimed the Jews themselves were to blame for the riots and imposed a fine of one billion reichsmarks (about $400 million at 1938 rates) on the German Jewish community to pay for the damages.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEast Germany, officially the Deutsche Demokratische Republik, or DDR [German: German Democratic Republic, or GDR] existed from 1949 to 1990 as a country within the Eastern Bloc. The Eastern Bloc, also known as the Communist Bloc, the Socialist Bloc and the Soviet Bloc, was the group of communist states under the hegemony of the Soviet Union that existed during the Cold War in opposition to the capitalist Western Bloc. The GDR was established in the Soviet zone of occupation after World War II, while the Federal Republic of Germany, commonly referred to as West Germany, was established in the three western zones. The Soviet sector of Berlin likewise became known as East Berlin, the de facto capital city of the GDR. From 1961 until 1989, East Berlin was separated from West Berlin by a guarded concrete barrier known as the Berlin Wall.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlexanderplatz is a central square in Berlin's Mitte district. It is about 2 kilometers (1.24 miles) away from the Rykestrasse Synagogue. It is one of city's most visited squares as it is home to many shops, cinemas, and restaurants and is walking distance to many sites and attractions. It is also an important transport junction for the S-Bahn, U-Bahn, regional trains, trams and buses. It was named Alexanderplatz to honor Alexander I, Tsar of Russia, on a visit to the city in 1805. Until the mid-nineteenth century, it was a military parade and exercise ground for a nearby barracks. Largely destroyed in World War II, it was rebuilt into its current shape and became a pedestrian zone by the 1960s.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJacques Duclos (1896-1975) was a French Communist politician who played a key role in French politics from 1926, when he entered the French National Assembly after defeating Paul Reynaud, until 1969, when he won a substantial portion (21.27 percent) of the vote in the presidential elections.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBoche is a French slang term that originated around the time of World War I. It does not have a direct English translation. One source traces its entomology to having derived from an old word for \"head\" that came to mean obstinate, stubborn, or pig-headed. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Judenrat was a Council of Jewish leaders established on Germans orders in the various ghettos and Jewish communities of Nazi-occupied Europe. They were given the responsibility of implementing the Nazis' policies regarding the Jews, which included everything from the confiscation of electronics like radios and valuable assets like watches or jewelry to organizing forced labor details and groups for deportations. The Judenrat also administered the affairs of the ghetto and most tried to protect and support the Jews under their care.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eForced to implement Nazi policy, the Jewish councils remain a controversial and delicate subject. Jewish council chairmen had to decide whether to comply or refuse to comply with German demands to, for example, list names of Jews for deportation. Some Jewish council officials advocated compliance, believing that cooperation would ensure the survival of at least a portion of the population. The members of the Jewish councils faced impossible moral dilemmas. Often forgotten in the debates over the culpability of the Jewish councils and the Jewish police are the efforts of many Jewish council members and officials in their employ to provide a variety of social, economic, and cultural services under the brutal and difficult conditions in the ghettos.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAdam Czerniaków (1880-1942) was a Polish engineer and senator who was head of the Warsaw Ghetto Jewish Council (Judenrat) during World War II. Rather than comply with German demands that he help with the July 1942 roundup of Jews destined for deportation, he swallowed a cyanide pill and committed suicide. According to his diary, he had been asked to participate in the deportation of children.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJanusz Korczak (1878-1942) was the pen name of Henryk Goldszmit, a well-known Polish Jewish author, pediatrician and educator. Korczak did not serve on the Warsaw Judenrat. He ran a Jewish orphanage in Warsaw from 1911 until 1942. In 1940, the orphanage was forced to move into the Warsaw ghetto. Despite repeatedly being offered places to hide outside the ghetto, Korczak refused to leave the children. On August 5 or 6, 1942, German authorities deported all of the children in the orphanage. Korczak and about 12 members of his staff went with the almost 200 children. They all were killed in the Treblinka extermination camp.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eZionism is a movement that supports a Jewish national state in the territory defined as the Land of Israel. Although Zionism existed before the nineteenth century, in the 1890’s Theodor Herzl popularized it and gave it a new urgency, as he believed that Jewish life in Europe was threatened and a State of Israel was needed.  The State of Israel was established in 1948 and Zionism today is expressed as support for the continued existence of Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLabor Zionism was one of the main political currents within the Zionist movement from the 1920s until the 1970s. Labor Zionism linked the doctrines of socialism with nationalism. Labor Zionists believed a Jewish state could only be successful if it was economically viable and thus required a Jewish working class. The first Labor Zionist party was founded in Eastern Europe in 1906 by Nacham Syrkin and Ber Borochov. By the 1920s, Labor Zionists in Palestine established the kibbutz movement (a kibbutz is a collective commune, usually with an agricultural economy), the Jewish trade union and cooperative movement, the main Zionist militias (the Haganah and Palmach) and the political parties that ultimately coalesced in the Israeli Labor Party in 1968. The top leader of Labor Zionism was David Ben-Gurion, who became the first Prime Minister of Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMizrachi is a religious Zionist organization founded in 1902 in Vilna, Lithuania by Rabbi Yitzchak Yaacov Reines. Its youth movement, Bnei Akiva, became an international movement. Mizrachi believes that the Torah should be at the center of Zionism and that Jewish nationalism is a means of achieving religious objectives.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish National Fund (JNF) is a non-profit organization founded in 1901 to purchase land for Jewish settlements. Since its founding, JNF has evolved into a global environmental organization.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMcGill University is a public research university in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It was founded in 1821 by royal charter granted by King George IV. The university bears the name of James McGill, a Scottish merchant.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA shochet is an adult male Jew who is trained and accredited by a rabbinic authority in the Jewish dietary laws. Specifically, a shochet slaughters animals in a way prescribed by Jewish dietary laws to avoid pain to the animal as much as possible, and to safeguard the health of the consumer.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLied [plural: Lieder] is a German term that describes songs written by German-speaking composers, which are set poetry to classical music to create a piece of polyphonic music. Sometimes called “art songs,” Lieder are written for piano and a solo singer. Some of the most famous composers of Lieder were Franz Schubert, Robert Schumann and Johannes Brahms.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSaskatchewan is a Canadian province that borders the United States to the south. It is one of only two Canadian provinces without a saltwater coast. Grassland covers its southern plains, and to the north are the rugged rock of the Canadian Shield plateau, coniferous forests, rivers and lakes.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBremerhaven [German: Bremenhafen] is a port city on Germany’s North Sea coast. Between 1830 and 1974, the city was Germany’s largest passenger port handling transatlantic traffic. Following World War II, it was a primary port of disembarkation for displaced persons immigrating to the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHalifax, an Atlantic Ocean port in eastern Canada, is the provincial capital of Nova Scotia. A major business center, it’s also known for its maritime history.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRMS Queen Mary is an ocean liner operated from 1936 to 1967 by the Cunard Line. The Queen Mary primarily sailed in the North Atlantic Ocean between Southampton (England), Cherbourg (France) and New York City (United States). During World War II, the liner was converted to carry Allied troops. After the war, the liner was returned to passenger service, continuing transatlantic service. The ship was retired from service in 1967 and is now permanently moored in Long Beach, California. It is open to the public for tours and as a luxury hotel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWinnipeg is the capital of the Canadian province of Manitoba. The city is in southern central Canada near the border of the United States. It is centered on the confluence of the Red and Assiniboine rivers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eToronto, the capital of the province of Ontario, is a major Canadian city along Lake Ontario’s northwestern shore.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMontréal is the largest city in Canada's Québec province. It’s set on an island in the Saint Lawrence River and named after Mt. Royal, the triple-peaked hill at its heart.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJewish Immigrant Aid Services of Canada (JIAS) is a nonprofit organization in Canada that was founded in the wake of World War I. The agency works to influence immigration laws and policies as well as assists individuals in applying for immigration and settling into local communities in Canada. With the help of JIAS, some 35,000 Holocaust survivors and their children settled in Canada between 1947 and 1957. JIAS also assisted a wave of Eastern European immigrants during the Cold War and, since the 1980s, has helped in the resettlement of Jews from Syria, the former Yugoslavia, and Argentina.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS) was founded in 1881. Its original purpose was the help the constant flow of Jewish immigrants from Russia in relocating. During and after World War II, they had offices throughout Europe, South and Central America and the Far East. They worked to get Jews out of Europe and to any country that would have them by providing tickets and information about visas. After World War II, they assisted 167,000 Jews to leave DP camps and emigrate elsewhere. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz is a 1974 Canadian comedy-drama film directed by Ted Kotcheff and starring Richard Dreyfuss. It is based on the 1959 novel of the same name by Mordecai Richler. It is a coming-of-age story about Duddy Kravitz, a brash, restless Jewish young man growing up poor in Montreal. The film was the most commercially successful English-language Canadian film ever made at the time of its release with a gross of $2.3 million in Canada.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Shaare Zion Congregation is a Conservative congregation in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It was begun in 1920, when there were only about 100 Jewish families in Montreal. Services were originally held in two members' homes. As the congregation grew, a variety of locations were used until an Anglican church building was bought in 1925. The synagogue merged with the B'nai Israel Congregation in 1932. A fire in 1939 destroyed the synagogue and the present site was purchased shortly thereafter. The first High Holyday services took place September 1947 at Shaare Zion’s present home on Cote St. Luc Road. In 1951 the Shaare Zion began the first Conservative day school in Canada, the Shaare Zion Academy, now known as the Solomon Schechter Academy. In 1955, a school building was added on and was recently expanded. In 2000, Shaare Zion Congregation became the first Conservative congregation in Montreal where women were counted in the Minyan, permitted to have Aliyot, read from the Torah and chant the Haftarah. Shaare Zion remains the only Conservative congregation in Montreal where women are counted in the Minyan.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEstablished in 1636, Harvard is the oldest institution of higher education in the United States. Originally named Harvard, as a college, it was recognized as a University in 1780. Harvard is based in Cambridge and Boston, Massachusetts.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Maurice Cohen (1920-2012) was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He graduated from Harvard University and the Jewish Theological Seminary in New York. He served as the rabbi of the Shaare Zion Congregation in Montreal, Canada for over 50 years and authored several books. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Conservatoire de musique du Québec à Montréal is music conservatory in Montreal, Canada that opened its doors in 1943.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA cantata is a medium-length narrative piece of music for voices with instrumental accompaniment, typically with solos, chorus, and orchestra.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe New England Conservatory of Music is a private music school established in 1897 in Boston, Massachusetts. It is the oldest independent music conservatory in the United States and among the most prestigious in the world.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJoseph Louis Wilfrid [sometimes Wilfred] Pelletier (1896–1982) was a Canadian conductor, pianist, composer, and arts administrator. He was instrumental in establishing the Montreal Symphony Orchestra, serving as its first artistic director and conductor from 1935-1941. He had a long and fruitful partnership with the Metropolitan Opera in New York City that began with his appointment as a rehearsal accompanist in 1917. Ultimately, he worked there as one of its main conductors in mainly French opera repertoire from 1929-1950. From 1951-1966, he was the principal conductor of the Orchestre Symphonique de Québec. He was also a featured conductor for a number of RCA Victor recordings. Pelletier was also one of the most influential music educators in Canada during the 20th century. He conducted numerous children’s concerts, served as director of the Conservatoire de musique et d'art dramatique du Québec from 1943 through 1961 and was instrumental in establishing the Conservatoire d'art dramatique du Québec à Montréal in 1954.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFrederick Jagel (1897-1982) was an American tenor, primarily active at New York’s Metropolitan Opera in the 1930s and 1940s. Jagel studied voice in New York City and Milan. He sang throughout Italy under the name of Federico Jaghelli. After his return to America, he made his debut at the Metropolitan Opera in 1927, as Radames in Aida. In 23 seasons with the Met, he sang 217 performances of 34 roles, primarily in the Italian and French repertories. After his retirement in 1950, he taught singing in New York. He also served as Chairman of the Voice Department at the New England Conservatory of Music in Boston.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe two High Holy Days are Rosh Ha-Shanah (Jewish New Year) and Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHasidic Judaism (also sometimes called Chasidim; from the Hebrew word \"Chasid\" meaning \"pious”) is a Jewish mystical movement that was founded in eighteenth century Eastern Europe by Rabbi Israel Baal Shem Tov. It is a branch of Orthodox Judaism that maintains a lifestyle separate from the non-Jewish world. It promotes spirituality through the popularization and internalization of Jewish mysticism as the fundamental aspect of the faith.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCape Cod is a hook-shaped peninsula that extends into the Atlantic Ocean from the southeastern corner of mainland Massachusetts. It is a popular summertime destination. It is the site of quaint villages, seafood shacks, lighthouses, ponds and bay and ocean beaches. It is considered to consist of three sections: the Upper Cape, the Mid-Cape area, and the Lower or Outer Cape.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Royal Victoria Hospital, colloquially known as the \"Royal Vic\" or \"The Vic\", is a hospital in Montreal, Quebec, Canada that was founded in 1893. It forms the biggest base hospital of the McGill University Health Centre, which is affiliated with McGill University.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBeth Am Congregation was a Conservative Jewish congregation in Cleveland Heights, Ohio. It was founded in 1933 as the Community Temple by Rabbi Abraham Nowak and a group who belonged to B'nai Jeshurun Congregation (then known as Temple on the Heights). The founders wanted their new synagogue to be more welcoming to all Jews, regardless of their wealth or status. By the 1940s, the congregation had grown and was in need of a permanent building. In 1947, Beth Am purchased the Trinity Congregational Church at 3557 Washington Boulevard. The new rabbi, Jack J. Herman, was named the same year. The congregation continued to grow, and by 1956 had 600 families with 500 students in the religious school. Rabbi Herman served the congregation until his death in 1969. Rabbi Michael Hecht was installed late in 1970. In 1971, the congregation dedicated a new religious school named for Rabbi Herman, constructed on land adjacent to the synagogue. Unable to sustain financial deficits and thanks to declining membership from the 1970s onward, the congregation sold its building in 1999 and merged with B'nai Jeshurun Congregation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Harry Epstein (1903-2003) was a native of Plunge, Lithuania who served as the rabbi of Ahavath Achim Synagogue in Atlanta, Georgia from 1928 to 1982. Under his leadership the congregation began to shift to Conservatism, which they adopted in 1952. Rabbi Epstein retired in 1982, becoming Rabbi Emeritus and Rabbi Arnold Goodman assumed the rabbinic post. He was educated in a yeshiva in Chicago, where his father was a rabbi, and in New York. He was ordained in 1926 after studying at the Slobodka Yeshiva in Lithuania and the Hebron Yeshiva in Palestine. In 1927, he became a pulpit rabbi at an Orthodox congregation in Tulsa, Oklahoma. In 1928, he took the rabbinate position at Ahavath Achim Congregation in Atlanta, Georgia, where he introduced a Sunday school, mixed seating of men and women, and the bat mitzvah ceremony for girls. He earned a B.A. Degree in Philosophy and an MA. Degree in Theology from Emory University in Atlanta and a Ph.D. Degree in Theology from the University of Illinois School of Law. He was married to Reva (Rebecca) Chashesman and had two daughters.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe menorah, which has seven branches, is an ancient symbol of the Jews. It has come to be connected with Hanukkah. The Talmud states that it is prohibited to use a seven-branched menorah outside of the Temple so the Hanukkah menorah (hanukiah) has nine branches.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAhavath Achim Congregation (often referred to as “AA”) was organized in 1886 as Congregation Ahawas Achim (Brotherly Love) and is Atlanta’s second oldest Jewish congregation. Organized by Jews of Eastern European descent, the congregation’s founding members felt uncomfortable in the established Hebrew Benevolent Congregation (The Temple) comprised primarily of Jews from Germany, who by the late 1800s had begun to liberalize their Orthodox doctrine. Four different Rabbis, Rabbi Mayerovitz (1901 – 1905); Rabbi Joseph Meyer Levine (1905) – 1915); Rabbi Yood (1915 – 1919); and Rabbi A.P. Hirmes (1919 – 1928) provided spiritual leadership for Ahavath Achim until 1928, when Rabbi Harry H. Epstein was hired as Rabbi. During the early years of Rabbi Epstein’s tenure, he slowly made innovations and modifications in congregational activities. By 1952, Ahavath Achim joined the Conservative Movement, with the most noticeable shift from Orthodoxy being the gradual change to mixed seating. Today, Ahavath Achim Congregation is the largest Conservative congregation in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePayess [Hebrew: sidelocks or sidecurls] are worn by some men and boys in the Orthodox Jewish community based on a Biblical injunction against shaving the “corners” of one’s head.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=5040.0,5070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA tallit is a prayer shawl fringed at each of the four corners in accordance with biblical law. The wearing of tallit at worship is obligatory only for married men, but it is customarily worn also by males of bar mitzvah age and older. Similar to a poncho, it is traditionally worn either under or over one's clothing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGalicia was a political and geographical region between present-day Poland and Ukraine. Once a province of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the historical region disappeared from the European map after World War I. By the start of World War II in 1939, western Galicia was occupied by the Germans and eastern Galicia was occupied by the Soviet Union, Today, the east part of former Galicia is part of the Ukraine, while the western part belongs to Poland.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFifth Avenue is a major thoroughfare going through the borough of Manhattan in New York City, New York. It is considered among the most expensive and best shopping streets in the world.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=5100.0,5130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrchard Street is eight blocks in length and runs through the heart of Manhattan's Lower East Side. The street is lined with low-rise tenements. It has been home to immigrants since the mid-nineteenth century and was once a Jewish enclave. It was also once one of the major shopping streets, known for its discount stores and crowds of push carts. In recent years, it has undergone significant amounts of redevelopment as gentrification takes hold in the neighborhood.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=5100.0,5130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYiddishkeit literally means \"Jewishness\", i.e., “a Jewish way of life” in the Yiddish language.  In a more general sense, it has come to mean the \"Jewishness\" or \"Jewish essence\" of Ashkenazi Jews in general and the traditional Yiddish-speaking Jews of Eastern and Central Europe in particular. From a more secular perspective it is associated with the popular culture or folk practices of Yiddish-speaking Jews, such as popular religious traditions, Eastern European Jewish food, Yiddish humor, and klezmer music, among other things.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=5250.0,5280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEmanuel “Manny” Epstein (1915-1993) was born in Chicago, Illinois. He was one of five children born to Rabbi Ephraim and Hannah Epstein. In 1938, he married Leah Golda Levitt, with whom he had three children and lived in Montreal, Canada.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=5550.0,5580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA parnas (also known as a gabbai [Hebrew], shamash, or as a warden in the UK] is a person who assists in the running of synagogue services and as the president or the trustee of a congregation. The role may be undertaken on a voluntary or paid basis.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=5550.0,5580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn the early 21st century, Ohio's census data reported nearly 150,000 Jews, with the Cleveland area being home to more than 50 percent of this population. As more and more people moved to the suburbs in the later part of the twentieth century, the city’s Jewish population declined. By 1996, the Jewish population had dropped to around 80,000 and it has remained steady since.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=5640.0,5670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDevelopment Corporation for Israel, commonly known as ‘Israel Bonds’ and as State of Israel Bonds, is a broker-dealer that underwrites securities issued by the government of Israel. The organization was launched in 1951 by Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion to strengthen Israel’s economic foundation. Millions of dollars have been raised for Israel Bonds since then through fundraisers, golf tournaments, community fairs and galas held in cities throughout the United States and, worldwide, over $46 billion dollars have been raised (as of 2021).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=5670.0,5700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShaker Heights is a wealthy, inner-ring suburb of Cleveland, Ohio. Founded in 1911, the city is 8 miles southeast of downtown. In the 1930s and 1940s, the area had a large Jewish population.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=5700.0,5730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe United Jewish Appeal (UJA) was a Jewish philanthropic umbrella organization that collected and distributed funds to Jewish organizations in their community and around the country. UJA existed from 1939 until it was folded into the United Jewish Communities, which was formed from the 1999 merger of United Jewish Appeal (UJA), Council of Jewish Federations and United Israel Appeal, Inc. After World War II, the Jewish Federations worked with the United Jewish Appeal (UJA), the United Palestine Appeal (UPA) and the Joint Distribution Committee (JDC) to help resettle Jewish concentration camp survivors and helped refugees create new lives.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=5790.0,5820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Federations of North America represents 153 Jewish Federations and over 300 network communities, which raise and distribute more than $3 billion annually for social welfare, social services and educational needs with the objective of protecting and enhancing the well-being of Jews worldwide. After the Holocaust, the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (the “Joint”, or JDC), the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS), and other philanthropic organizations that later merged to form the JFNA worked together to support Jewish survivors. Refugees from displaced persons camps in Germany, Austria, and Italy received funds to help them resettle in places like the United States or Palestine and create new lives.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=5820.0,5850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1897, the Zionist Organization of America is the oldest pro-Israel organization in the United States.  It is dedicated to educating the public, elected officials, media, and college/high school students about Israel and to promoting strong United States-Israel relations.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=5850.0,5880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHadassah, the Women’s Zionist Organization of America, is a volunteer organization founded in 1912 by Henrietta Szold, with more than 300,000 members and supporters worldwide. It supports health care and medical research, education and youth programs in Israel, and advocacy, education, and leadership development in the United States. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=5940.0,5970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta raises funds, which are dispersed throughout the Jewish community.  Services also include caring for Jews in need locally and around the world, community outreach, leadership development, and educational opportunities.  It is part of the Jewish Federation of North America (JFNA).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=6030.0,6060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFive Points refers to the downtown area of Atlanta, considered by many to be the center of town. It was the central hub of Atlanta until the 1960’s, when the economic and demographic center shifted north toward the suburbs. It was recently revitalized, mostly due to Georgia State University having a large presence in the area.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=6060.0,6090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAnna Geffen (1906-2001) was born Anna Birshtein in Norfolk, Virginia. She married Louis Geffen (son of Rabbi Tobias Geffen, the rabbi at Congregation Shearith Israel) in 1934. They had one son, David.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=6060.0,6090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Darlington is an apartment complex in the Atlanta Buckhead neighborhood. The 14-story cruciform building housed 612 apartments and opened in 1952. It became a city landmark because of its “Atlanta Population Now” sign, which has been tracking Atlanta’s growth since 1965. For decades, it served as one of the few low-income housing options for people living in the area but was sold to developers in 2017, who have since turned it into luxury apartments and condominiums.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=6090.0,6120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 1960, the population of Atlanta was 487,455. The city’s population peaked in 1970 at 496,973, but quickly began declining as more and more residents moved into the suburbs. By 1990, the city’s population was at 415,219. But by 2000, it had begun to grow slightly and was up to 416,474. Over the next two decades, the city saw a continued level of growth as more residents moved back into the city. By 2019, the population of Atlanta was 488,800.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=6090.0,6120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish population of Atlanta grew significantly after World War II (when it was 9,630). By 1984, the Jewish population of Atlanta had grown to 59,084. By 2018, it was 119,800.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=6120.0,6150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Ahavath Achim congregation made a succession of moves. It was originally located in a small, rented room at 106 Gilmer Street. In 1895, it moved to a hall on Decatur Street. In 1901 they moved to a permanent building at the corner of Piedmont Avenue and Gilmer Street. In 1921, the congregation constructed a synagogue at Washington Street and Woodward Avenue. The final service in that building was held in 1958 to make way for construction of the Downtown Connector (the concurrent section of Interstate 75 and Interstate 85 through Atlanta). The synagogue moved to its current location on Peachtree Battle Avenue in 1958.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=6150.0,6180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNorthside High School opened as a Fulton County, Georgia school in 1950. It became part of the Atlanta Public Schools (APS) when the property was annexed into the city of Atlanta. In 1991, the Atlanta Board of Education formed North Atlanta High School by combining North Fulton High School and Northside High School.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=6420.0,6450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJewish men cover their heads during prayer with a small skull-cap called a ‘yarmulke’ or ‘kippah.’  Orthodox Jewish men wear it at all times to remind themselves of G-d’s presence.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=6510.0,6540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLazar Weiner (1897–1982) was born in Cherkassy, in the Ukraine. Weiner is most widely remembered today as the supreme exemplar and advocate of the Yiddish art song genre. Through his opera of more than two hundred songs, he elevated that medium to unprecedented artistic sophistication. He began studying and singing at the prestigious Brodsky Synagogue in Kiev when he was only nine years old. In 1910, he attended the State Conservatory in Kiev, where he studied piano and theory. In 1914, the family emigrated to the United States and settled in New York, where Lazar worked with the Mendelssohn Symphony Orchestra. By the 1920s, Lazar had begun composing Yiddish works. From 1952 until his death, Weiner served on the faculty of the School of Sacred Music, the cantorial school at the New York branch of the Reform movement’s Hebrew Union College—Jewish Institute of Religion.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=6780.0,6810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Moog synthesizer is a modular synthesizer developed by the American engineer Robert Moog. Moog debuted it in 1964, and Moog's company R. A. Moog Co. (later known as MoogMusic) produced numerous models from 1965 to 1980.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=6780.0,6810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Temple, or ‘Hebrew Benevolent Congregation,’ is Atlanta’s oldest Jewish congregation. The cornerstone was laid on the Temple on Garnett Street in 1875.  The dedication was held in 1877 and the Temple was located there until 1902.  The Temple’s next location on Pryor Street was dedicated in 1902. The Temple’s current location in Midtown on Peachtree Street was dedicated in 1931. The main sanctuary is on the National Register of Historic Places. The Reform congregation now totals approximately 4,000 members (2021).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=6780.0,6810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGershon Kingsley (1922-2019) was a contemporary German-American composer, a pioneer of electronic music and the Moog synthesizer, and a writer of rock-inspired compositions for Jewish religious ceremonies. He is most famous for his 1969 influential electronic instrumental composition “Popcorn”. Kingsley was born Götz Gustav Ksinski to a Jewish father and Catholic mother in Germany. He fled Nazi Germany in 1938 for Palestine and immigrated to the United States after the war.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=6810.0,6840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHair: The American Tribal Love-Rock Musical is a rock musical with a book and lyrics by Gerome Ragni and James Rado and music by Galt MacDermot. It was first performed in 1967. Hair tells the story of the \"tribe\", a group of politically active, long-haired hippies of the \"Age of Aquarius\" living a bohemian life in New York City and fighting against conscription into the Vietnam War. The musical broke new ground by defining the genre of “rock musical” and using a racially integrated cast. The musical also caused controversy because of its profanity, depiction of the use of illegal drugs, its treatment of sexuality, its nude scene, and its irreverence for the American flag. Despite the controversy, Hair was wildly popular and successful. Several of its songs became anthems of the anti-Vietnam War peace movement. It ran on Broadway for 1,750 performances, followed by productions in cities across the United States and internationally. It was adapted into a highly successful movie in 1979. A Broadway revival that opened in 2009 earned a Tony Award.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=6840.0,6870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe ‘hippie’ (or ‘hippy’) subculture was originally a youth movement that arose in the United States during the mid-1960’s and spread to other countries around the world. The word hippie came from ‘hipster’, and was initially used to describe beatniks who had moved into New York City's Greenwich Village and San Francisco's Haight-Ashbury district.  Hippie values and fashions had a major effect on culture, influencing popular music, television, film, literature, and the arts. Since the 1960’s, many aspects of hippie culture have been assimilated by mainstream society.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=6840.0,6870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA shiviti is a devotional decorative work of art. It is embellished with Psalm 16:B, “I have set [Hebrew: shiviti] G-d always before me,” which reminds man of G-d’s omnipresence and urges him to focus his mind on G-d, particularly during prayer. Sometimes there are other verses as well as decorative shapes. It is usually set in a decorative frame next to the Holy Ark on the pulpit of the cantor who leads the prayer.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=6990.0,7020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe amud [Hebrew: pillar] is the lectern in the front of the synagogue from which the cantor leads the prayers. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=6990.0,7020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRosh Ha-Shanah [Hebrew: head of the year; i.e. New Year festival] begins the cycle of High Holy Days. It introduces the Ten Days of Penitence, when Jews examine their souls and take stock of their actions. On the tenth day is Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement. The tradition is that on Rosh Ha-Shanah, G-d sits in judgment on humanity. Then the fate of every living creature is inscribed in the Book of Life or Death. Prayer and repentance before the sealing of the books on Yom Kippur may revoke these decisions.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=6990.0,7020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYom Kippur [Hebrew: Day of Atonement] is the most sacred day of the Jewish year. Yom Kippur is a 25-hour fast day. Most of the day is spent in prayer, reciting yizkor for deceased relatives, confessing sins, requesting divine forgiveness, and listening to Torah readings and sermons. People greet each other with the wish that they may be sealed in the heavenly book for a good year ahead. The day ends with the blowing of the shofar (a ram’s horn).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=6990.0,7020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Star-Spangled Banner is the national anthem of the United States. The lyrics are from a poem written by Francis Scott Key after witnessing a battle in the War of 1812.  The large American flag flying triumphantly above the Fort McHenry during the American victory inspired him.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=7050.0,7080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJames Earl “Jimmy” Carter Jr. (1924-  ) was the 39th President of the United States from 1977 to 1981. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served as a Georgia State Senator from 1963 to 1967 and as the 76th governor of Georgia from 1971 to 1975. Founder of the Carter Center, he was awarded the 2002 Nobel Peace Prize for work to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development. He is the author of numerous books, including Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid (2006), An Hour Before Daylight (2001) and Our Endangered Values (2005). \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=7050.0,7080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn the morning of January 20, 1977, President Jimmy Carter was sworn into office on the steps of the United States Capitol. To conclude the ceremony, Cantor Isaac Goodfriend sang the national anthem accompanied by the United States Marine Band.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=7050.0,7080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Week (also known as The New York Jewish Week) launched as an independent weekly newspaper in the late 1970s. It targeted the Jewish community of the Metropolitan New York City area. In March 2016, it partnered with the online newspaper The Times of Israel and acquired the New Jersey Jewish News. In 2020, the newspaper was acquired by 70 Faces Media, which paired it with another preeminent brand in Jewish journalism, the Jewish Telegraphic Agency, and began to operate as a digital news service only.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=7050.0,7080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKol Nidre is an Aramaic declaration recited in the synagogue before the beginning of the evening service on every Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=7080.0,7110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe United States Declaration of Independence is a significant document in American history. It was adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on July 4, 1776. Unlike other founding documents, the Declaration of Independence is not legally binding, but it expresses the ideals on which the United States was founded. The document outlined the colonists’ reasons for separation from Great Britain and declared the United States an independent nation. This allowed the American colonists to enter into an official alliance with the government of France, whose aid helped them to successfully gain sovereignty after the War of the American Revolution.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=7230.0,7260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Statue of Liberty stands at the entrance of New York Harbor.  It was designed by Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi, a French sculptor, was built by Gustave Eiffel and was a gift to the United States of the people of France.  It was dedicated on October 28, 1886. The status is an icon of freedom and of the United States, and was a welcoming sight to immigrants arriving from abroad. Emma Lazarus, a Jewish woman, wrote the sonnet, “The New Colossus,” which is inscribed on a plaque in the pedestal of the statue.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=7290.0,7320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe New York Mets are a Major League Baseball team based in the New York City borough of Queens. The Mets compete in Major League Baseball as a member of the National League East division. The Mets have won two World Series championships (1969, 1986) and five National League (NL) pennants.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=7410.0,7440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA series of events between 1989 and 1991 led to the fall of communist regimes in eastern Europe and the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev’s decision to loosen the Soviet yoke on the countries of Eastern Europe created an independent, democratic momentum that created a revolutionary wave which dramatically and rapidly changed the landscape of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. In June 1989, the communist leaders of Poland agreed to free elections and were swiftly swept out of power. Demand for reform across East Germany led to the fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989 and the reunification of East and West Germany. Also in November 1989, the communist government of Czechoslovakia resigned and in December a violent revolution overthrew Romania’s communist dictator. In 1990, the Bulgarian parliament ousted the Communist party from power and in 1991, the communist government in Albania resigned. Meanwhile, in the Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev’s decision to allow elections with a multi-party system and create a presidency for the Soviet Union began a slow process of democratization that eventually destabilized Communist control and contributed to the collapse of the Soviet Union. The failure of a communist-led coup d'état against Mikhail Gorbachev in the Soviet Union in August 1991 ended the party's control of the military and government. On December 25, 1991, the Soviet hammer and sickle flag lowered for the last time over the Kremlin, thereafter replaced by the Russian tricolor.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=7440.0,7470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCBS News Sunday Morning (also simply titled Sunday Morning) is an American news magazine television program that has aired on CBS since January 28, 1979. It features stories on the arts, music, entertainment, sports, history, science, Americana and highlights unique human accomplishments and achievements.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=7470.0,7500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCharles Bishop Kuralt (1934-1997) was an American journalist. He is most widely known for his long career with CBS, first for his \"On the Road\" segments on The CBS Evening News with Walter Cronkite, and later as the first anchor of CBS News Sunday Morning, a position he held for fifteen years.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=7470.0,7500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCantor Goodfriend is referring to Religious Humanism, a religion that evolved out of the Humanist movement during the Renaissance. It is a philosophy that places central emphasis on human experience and rational thinking rather than G-d as the only source of knowledge and morality.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=7650.0,7680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCantor Goodfriend’s memoir, By Fate or Faith: The Saga of a Survivor, was published in 2002.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=7950.0,7980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAn abbreviation of Geheime Staatspolizei, which means “Secret State Police,” the Gestapo was established in 1934 and placed under Heinrich Himmler. With virtually unlimited powers, it was highly feared. The Gestapo acted to oppress and persecute Jews and other opponents of the Nazis, including rounding up Jews throughout Europe for deportation to extermination camps.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=7980.0,8010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCantor Goodfriend is referring to a song called “Zog nit keynmol az du geyst dem letstn veg” [Yiddish: Never Say That You Have Reached the Final Road], which is sometimes shortened to “Zog nit keynmol”. News of the Warsaw ghetto uprising in April 1943 inspired a poet and underground fighter in the Vilna ghetto named Hirsh Glik (1921-1944) to write the poem (of the same name). With a melody taken from a march tune composed for the Soviet cinema, the song quickly spread and was soon adopted by a number of Jewish partisan groups. It became a symbol of resistance against the Nazis and is often called “The Partisan Song” [Yiddish: Partizaner Lid]. Glik was later deported to an Estonian labor camp and is presumed to have died during an escape attempt. His song remains a favorite at Holocaust ceremonies worldwide.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=8100.0,8130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAdolf Hitler (1889-1945) was a German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and Führer (“leader”) of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator of Nazi Germany, he initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939 and was a central figure of the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=8280.0,8310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBava Batra [Final Gate] is the third of the three Talmudic tractates in the Talmud in the order Nezikin. It deals with civil manners, a person's responsibilities and rights as the owner of property. It is part of Judaism's oral law.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=8520.0,8550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Talmud [Hebrew: study] is the legal code spanning 1,000 years. Based on the teachings of the Bible, the Talmud interprets biblical laws and commandments. It also contains a rich store of historic facts and traditions.  It has two divisions: the Mishnah and the Gemara. The Mishnah is the interpretation of Biblical law. The Gemara is a commentary on the Mishnah by a group of later scholars.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=8520.0,8550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTanakh is the Hebrew Bible, a canonical collection of Jewish texts corresponding closely, but not identically, to the Protestant and Catholic Old Testament.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=8520.0,8550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAccording to Jewish tradition, the “Ten Commandments” are ten categories that contain 613 mitzvot [Hebrew: commandments). The ten categories are significant because they form the basis of man’s relationship with G-d and man’s relationship with his fellow people. While G-d directly gave the Ten Commandments to the Jewish people, it was Moses, who also led the Hebrew slaves out of Egypt, that received the tablets and brought them down from Mount Sinai.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=8550.0,8580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRich's was a department store retail chain, headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, that operated in the southern U.S. from 1867 until March 6, 2005 when the nameplate was eliminated and replaced by Macy's.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=8610.0,8640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDr. Irving \"Greenie\" Greenberg (1911-2006) was born in Poland and came to Atlanta with his family in 1913. He was a graduate of Emory University Medical School. Following his service in the United States Army (1941 to 1946) he returned to Atlanta where he practiced General Surgery for more than 40 years and pioneered Early Ambulation, post-operative care in which a patient gets out of bed and engages in light activity as soon as possible after an operation. He served on the board of almost every major medical and Jewish organization in Atlanta. He co-founded the Greenfield Hebrew Academy, helped establish the first blood bank in Atlanta, and co-chaired the Jewish Federation’s first annual campaign that raised $1,000,000.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=9600.0,9630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew Academy of Atlanta was established in 1953 as the first all-day Jewish day school in Atlanta, with Alex E. Milt chairing its organization committee. It was renamed the Katherine and Jacob Greenfield Hebrew Academy. In 2014, the Greenfield Hebrew Academy (grades pre-K through 8) and Yeshiva High School (grades 9-12) merged into one college preparatory day school that was renamed the Atlanta Jewish Academy.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=9630.0,9660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMiriam \"Mickie\" Greenberg Eisenberg Krinsky (1925—2018) was born in Atlanta, Georgia, where she and her first husband, David Eisenberg, helped build the foundation of Atlanta's vibrant Jewish community. Mickie was a passionate leader for many years at the Hebrew Academy of Atlanta, the Jewish Federation, Hadassah, and Congregation Shearith Israel. After David died, she remarried Joseph Krinsky.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=9630.0,9660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA mezuzah [Hebrew: doorpost] is a parchment scroll often contained in a decorative case that is fixed on the right side of doorpost of a home. The parchment scroll made by a scribe contains the handwritten text of the first two paragraphs of the Shema.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=9870.0,9900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Hebrew word ‘mitzvah’ refers to precepts and commandments as commanded by God. It is used in rabbinical Judaism to refer to the 613 commandments given in the Torah at Mount Sinai and the seven rabbinic commandments instituted later for a total of 620.  In its secondary meaning, the Hebrew ‘mitzvah’ refers to a moral deed performed as a religious duty.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=9990.0,10020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYeshiva [Hebrew: sitting] is a Jewish educational institution for religious instruction that is equivalent to high school. It also refers to a Talmudic college for unmarried male students from their teenage years to their early twenties. Specifically, Cantor Goodfriend may be referring to Yeshiva Atlanta (YA), the first Jewish secondary school in Atlanta, Georgia. It opened in 1970 and ran until 2014, when it was merged with the Greenfield Hebrew Academy primary school to form the Atlanta Jewish Academy.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=10050.0,10080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Epstein School (also known as the Solomon Shechter School of Atlanta) is a private Jewish day school in the Atlanta area located in Sandy Springs. In 1973, Rabbi Harry H. Epstein and the leaders of Ahavath Achim synagogue wanted to create a Conservative Jewish day school. The first campus was housed at the synagogue. In 1987 the school moved to Sandy Springs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=10050.0,10080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCantors Assembly is the international association of hazzanim affiliated with Conservative Judaism. Cantors Assembly was founded in 1947 to develop the profession of the hazzan, to foster the fellowship and welfare of hazzanim, and to establish a conservatory for hazzanim.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=10110.0,10140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHashem [Hebrew: the name] is a term used to refer to G-d. It is a creative way of avoiding using G-d’s name, as the Ten Commandments prohibit the use of G-d’s name in vain. The name is used in some congregations during the Thirteen Attributes of Mercy when singing the first two attributes about G-d’s mercy and compassion. An example can be heard at: https://www.chabad.org/multimedia/video_cdo/aid/4887400/jewish/13-Attributes-of-Mercy-Hashem-Hashem.htm.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=10650.0,10680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe 13 Attributes of Mercy or Shelosh-'Esreh Middot HaRakhamim are the Divine Attributes with which, according to Judaism, G-d governs the world. They are the words G-d taught Moses for the people to use whenever they needed to beg for divine compassion. The 13 Attributes are recited on every weekday holy day when the Sefer Torah is taken from the ark. They are also frequently recited as a central theme in Selichot prayers, which are said in the period leading up to the High Holidays, and on fast days.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=10650.0,10680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMichael “Mike” Kraft (1912-1965) was born in Savannah, Georgia. He also lived in Pearson, Georgia and Rome, Georgia, and Atlanta, Georgia. While in Rome, he owned the Lad ‘n’ Lassie Shop, which he operated with his wife Raye. He was the president of Rodolph Sholem Congregation, and a president of the Shrine Club in Rome. After he moved to Atlanta, he became president of Ahavath Achim Congregation and was chairman for the Israeli Bond committee.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=10740.0,10770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarry Lane Siegel (1906-1988) was an advertising executive and president of Eastburn and Siegel Advertising Agency in Atlanta, Georgia. He was president of Ahavath Achim Synagogue (AA) from 1967 to 1968.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=10860.0,10890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMarvin C. Goldstein (1917-1997) was a prominent dentist and businessman in Atlanta. He was a graduate of Boys’ High School in Atlanta, had with a combined undergraduate and master’s degree in dentistry from Emory University in Atlanta, and trained in orthodontic dentistry at Columbia University and the University of Michigan. He served as a dental surgeon for the United States Army Air Forces in Europe during World War II.  He and his brother, Irving Goldstein, also a dentist, built the Atlanta Americana Motor Hotel, Atlanta’s first integrated hotel, which opened in 1961. Marvin was international president of the Alpha Omega Dental Fraternity, editor of the American Journal of Orthodontics, president of the Georgia Society of Orthodontists, trustee for the American Fund for Dental Health, honorary fellow in the American College of Dentists and International College of Dentists, and chief of staff of the Ben Massell Dental Clinic. He was a president of Ahavath Achim Synagogue, Atlanta Jewish Federation, ORT Atlanta men’s chapter, Tichon Atlanta, B’nai Brith’s Atlanta chapter; vice-president of the American Jewish Committee; and a vice-chairman of the board of trustees for the Martin Luther King Center for Non-violent Social Change.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=10890.0,10920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJoseph Cohen (1915-2007) was a 32nd degree Mason and a Shriner, a member of Ahavath Achim Congregation, and an associate member of Haddasah.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=10890.0,10920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWilliam Eugene Schatten (1928-1998) was an Atlanta doctor and philanthropist who was born in Nashville, Tennessee. He was one of the youngest Emory medical school graduates, finishing in 1950 at the age of 21. A child prodigy, Schatten originally planned to become a concert pianist. Instead, he performed plastic surgery and invented surgical techniques. Schatten was president of Ahavath Achim synagogue and the Atlanta Jewish Federation and a board member of the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra. Schatten was one of the key supporters in launching a Jewish studies program at Emory and the Woodruff Library's Schatten Gallery bears his name.  For his service he received many honors, including the Anti-Defamation League's Abe Goldstein Human Relations Award in 1985. His papers are housed at the Breman Museum’s Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=10890.0,10920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIrving H. Goldstein (1905-1979) was a prominent dentist and businessman in the Atlanta area. He and his brother Marvin C. Goldstein, opened the Atlanta Americana Motor Hotel, Atlanta’s first integrated hotel, in 1961.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=10920.0,10950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAbe Goldstein (1989-1982) was a business and Jewish community leader.  He was active in Ahavath Achim and Israel Bonds, the Anti-Defamation League, the Atlanta Jewish Welfare Federation and many other community causes.  He founded Prior Tire Company in 1920 and remained active in the business throughout his life. He also served as a member of the Georgia Governors staff under three different administrations. In 1966, the Anti-Defamation League Southeast Region began awarding the Abe Goldstein Human Relations Award to honor community involvement.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=10920.0,10950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCantor Joseph Schwartzman (1902-1969) joined the clergy at Ahavath Achim in Atlanta in 1940 where he served until his retirement in 1966. Cantor Schwartman’s career began at the age of eight when he sang as soloist in the male synagogue choir of Bender, Bessarabia, Russia. By the age of 17 he was officiating High Holy Day services. He began his American career in Hartford Connecticut, but later worked at synagogues in New York in Brooklyn and the Bronx, and in Pennsylvania in Philadelphia and Pittsburgh. He came to the attention of Hyman Jacobs of Atlanta in 1940 at a Zionist Organization of America convention in Pittsburgh. He was eventually engaged to come to the Ahavath Achim.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=10920.0,10950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSimcha is a Hebrew word with several meanings: literally, it means “gladness” or “joy.” The concept of simcha is an important one in Jewish philosophy; it is a mitzvah to always be in a state of happiness, the better to serve G-d. It is also often used as a noun meaning “festive occasion.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=11160.0,11190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eReform Judaism, sometimes also called Liberal Judaism, is a division within Judaism especially in North America and Western Europe. Historically it began in the nineteenth century. In general, the Reform movement maintains that Judaism and Jewish traditions should be modernized and compatible with participation in Western culture. While the Torah remains the law, in Reform Judaism women are included (mixed seating, bat mitzvah and women rabbis), music is allowed in the services and most of the service is in English.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=11310.0,11340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIt is unclear which sponsor Cantor Goodfriend is referring to; however, he seems to be referencing a conference at the University of California in Santa Cruz. The UC Santa Cruz Jewish Studies Program and the Holocaust Center of Northern California hosted a three-day conference titled \"Rethinking Anti-Semitism: The Holocaust and the Contemporary World,\" from May 3-5, 2003 at the UC Santa Cruz campus. The event featured prominent scholars from the United States, Poland, England, Hungary, Israel, and South Africa, who examined antisemitism from both a historical and contemporary perspective.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=11550.0,11580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBefore the Holocaust, Jews were the largest minority in Poland. Only approximately ten percent of Jews in Poland survived the Holocaust. In all, approximately 3,000,000 of a pre-war Jewish population of around 3,300,000 were murdered.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=11580.0,11610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYears of frustration and the collapse of a summit intended to resolve Israeli–Palestinian tensions boiled over into violence in 2000, when Ariel Sharon, the leader of Israel’s opposition visited Temple Mount in East Jerusalem. The al-Aqsa mosque is housed on Temple Mount and Muslims saw the visit as highly provocative. Demonstrations turned violent. The resulting series of violent confrontations and attacks on both sides, known as the Second Intifada, or the Al-Aqsa Intifada, after the mosque where violence erupted, did not subside until 2005. Both sides saw high numbers of both military and civilian casualties.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=11700.0,11730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Road Map to Peace was an internationally devised peace plan, drawn up by the US, the UN, the EU and Russia. It was presented to Israel and the Palestinian Authority on April 30, 2003. The purpose of the plan was to establish clearly defined benchmarks and goals for progress in the Israeli-Palestinian peace process with a comprehensive settlement achieved by 2005. The plan was divided into three phases. Phase I would end the violence associated with the Second Intifada, a return to the pre-Intifada territorial status quo, a rebuilding of Palestinian institutions and a freeze on Israeli settlement activity. Phase II was to include the establishment of a Palestinian state with provisional, internationally supported borders. Phase III was to be devoted to permanent status negotiations. The Road Map was accepted in principle by Palestinian National Authority President Mahmoud Abbas. However, Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon and his government offered 14 reservations to the plan, including a rejection of the settlement freeze and timelines, and demanding a complete cessation of Palestinian violence as a condition of progress. Despite an attempted ceasefire and a summit meeting held in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt in June 2003, the Road Map eventually failed to stop the violence and its implementation was discontinued.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=11730.0,11760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eColin Luther Powell (1937 - ) is an American politician, diplomat and retired four-star general who served as the 65th United States Secretary of State from 2001 to 2005. Powell was the first African-American Secretary of State.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=11850.0,11880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e‘Kollel’ in Hebrew means ‘gathering’ or ‘collection’ [of scholars]. It is an institute for full-time, advanced study of the Talmud and rabbinic literature. It is like a yeshiva but the student body are virtually all married men, who receive a regular monthly stipend to their members.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=12060.0,12090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/annotation_set/528/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eChabad, also known as Lubavitch, Habad and Chabad-Lubavitch, is a Hasidic movement in Orthodox Judaism. Founded in 1772 by Rabbi Schneur Zalman of Liadi,“Chabad”—a Hebrew acronym for “Wisdom, Understanding and Knowledge”— is a philosophy of study, meditation, and social outreach that bridges rigorous academics with proactive community involvement. Lubavitch is the town in Russia where the movement was based for more than a century. Today, it is the largest Jewish organization in the world.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=12090.0,12120.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/index/47934","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Isaac Goodfriend [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/index/47934/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Early life in Poland until after World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=19.0,169.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/index/47934/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GHITIS: . . . Cantor Goodfriend,\ncould you please state your name and your . . .\nGOODFRIEND: Rank? [laughs]\nGHITIS: . . . your original name?\nGOODFRIEND: My original name?\nGHITIS: Both.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=19.0,169.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/index/47934/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"childhood","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Liberation of World War II concentration camps","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Piotrków, Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russians","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Łódź (Poland)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=19.0,169.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/index/47934/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Life in Europe after Liberation until Goodfriend's wedding","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=169.0,882.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/index/47934/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GHITIS: What happened right after you were liberated?\nGOODFRIEND: We didn't know what to do. We didn't believe the war was over. We didn't know that things were going to change, we'd lead a normal life. We looked around. 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It was not organized or sealed\nright after the blockade.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=1578.0,1993.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/index/47934/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Berlin (Germany)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hochschule für Musik \"Hanns Eisler\" Berlin","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kristallnacht, 1938--Germany--Berlin","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"music education","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rykestraße","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Synagogues--Germany--Berlin","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Torah songs","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"University of Berlin","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=1578.0,1993.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/index/47934/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Starting a family in DP camp and deciding to not move to Israel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=1993.0,2685.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/index/47934/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"EINSTEIN: What did becoming a father and starting a family mean to you?\nGOODFRIEND: This is a good question. In those days, this was . . . We got\nmarried very young, very much in love, and we didn't know. To have a child in\nthe DP camp was something that we were afraid [of]. Very simple.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=1993.0,2685.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/index/47934/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Displaced persons camps","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fatherhood","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust survivors","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish ghettos","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish National Fund","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Judenrat","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Paris (France)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Politics--France","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Zionism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=1993.0,2685.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/index/47934/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Moving from Berlin to Canada","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=2685.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/index/47934/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GHITIS: We were talking previously about your education in Berlin. 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I became a peddler, knock on doors, selling stuff, dry goods.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3240.0,3779.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/index/47934/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cantor","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Conservative Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"immigration","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"McGill University","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Montréal (Québec)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"music education","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"New England Conservatory","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pelletier, Wilfrid, 1896-1982","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Synagogues--Canada","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3240.0,3779.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/index/47934/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yiddish music from childhood","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3779.0,4202.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/index/47934/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"EINSTEIN: I was just wondering whether there is music that is reminiscent for\nyou of your childhood and of your young life and if, when you sing it, whether\nthat resonates with you even today.\nGOODFRIEND: That is a good question because . . .","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3779.0,4202.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/index/47934/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"childhood","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish life","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish music","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Music--Interpretation (Phrasing, dynamics, etc.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"singing","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tel Aviv (Israel)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yiddish","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yiddish lullabies","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=3779.0,4202.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/index/47934/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Moving to the United States with his family and experiencing differences between synagogues","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=4202.0,4711.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/index/47934/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GHITIS: You went to Boston?\nGOODFRIEND: A short time. 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My grandfather read the Torah.\"","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=5380.0,6167.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/index/47934/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ahavath Achim Synagogue (Atlanta, Ga.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta (Ga.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cleveland (Ohio)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Epstein, Harry Hyman, 1903-2003","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hadassah, the Women's Zionist Organization of America","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Israel Bonds (Organization)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish National Fund","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Montréal (Québec)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Synagogue bulletins","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"synagogues","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UJA (Organization)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yiddish","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Zionist Organization of America","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Zionists","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=5380.0,6167.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/index/47934/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thoughts on Rabbi Harry H. 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You knew him so well.\nGOODFRIEND: As I mentioned in the few remarks that I made at the hesped [Hebrew], the eulogy, it's very rare to have in a generation people like Rabbi Epstein.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=6167.0,6681.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/index/47934/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ahavath Achim Synagogue (Atlanta, Ga.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Confirmation (Jewish rite)--Study and teaching","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Epstein, Harry H. 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Yes, sure.\nGHITIS: . . . survived and having given you the gift of your voice.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=7675.0,8474.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/index/47934/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Faith (Judaism)--Examinations, questions, etc","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Fate and fatalism--Religious aspects--Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gestapo","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust survivors","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Persecution--Jews","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Prayer--Judaism--Anecdotes","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rosh Hashana","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"singing","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yiddish","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yiddish songs","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=7675.0,8474.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/index/47934/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Challenges during career as a cantor","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=8474.0,8888.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/index/47934/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GHITIS: You spoke a moment ago about highlights in your career. What about challenges?\nGOODFRIEND: Challenges? I never envied anyone who reached more higher than I did. Even though there is a saying in the [Bava Batra], kinat sofrim [Yiddish], the envy of scholars or scribes . . . tarbeh chachma [Yiddish], brings more wisdom.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=8474.0,8888.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/index/47934/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta (Ga.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cantors, Jewish","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"challenges","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"envy","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rabbis","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=8474.0,8888.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/index/47934/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thoughts about the importance of education for future generation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=8888.0,9223.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/index/47934/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"EINSTEIN: . . . 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We were assessed.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=9829.0,10073.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/index/47934/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"childhood","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Generosity--Religious aspects--Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Generosity--Social aspects","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"philanthropy","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yiddish","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=9829.0,10073.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/index/47934/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Auditioning for job as a cantor in Atlanta, GA","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=10073.0,10740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/index/47934/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GHITIS: . . . How did it happen that you came to Atlanta?\nGOODFRIEND: What do you mean how did it happen? It's a long story. I came to Atlanta because I was looking to advance in my profession. 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I remember so many, except . . .\nGHITIS: Could you name a few? Who was President?\nGOODFRIEND: President was Michael Kraft, who never heard me sing because when I came, he had a heart attack at that time.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=10740.0,11382.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/index/47934/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ahavath Achim Synagogue (Atlanta, Ga.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta (Ga.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cantors, Jewish","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cleveland (Ohio)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Congregations (Religious gatherings)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Epstein, Harry H. 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What is your perspective of what is going on these days to the Jewish people?\nGOODFRIEND: One thing that I learned from my experience is we'll always have antisemitism. We lived with antisemitism for so many years.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=11382.0,11979.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/index/47934/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"antisemitism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Antisemitism--History","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Antisemitism--Poland--20th century","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Israel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews--United States--Attitudes toward Israel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Palestine","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"self-defense","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"United States--Foreign relations--Israel--Public opinion","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Zionism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=11382.0,11979.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/index/47934/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Future of Atlanta's Jewish community ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=11979.0,12292.333"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/index/47934/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GHITIS: Switching from Israel to our community, how do you see the future of the Atlanta Jewish community?\nGOODFRIEND: I am not a prophet. I cannot tell you what the future's going to be. But it's a large community. It's a growing community and it's handled very professionally as far as the organization.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=11979.0,12292.333"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495/index/47934/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta (Ga.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"education","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Epstein, Harry H. (Harry Hyman), 1903-2003","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish culture and contexts","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews--United States","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43513/file/116495#t=11979.0,12292.333"}]}]}]}