{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/sn00z73598/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Galin, Murray"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2008-08-13 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Galin, Murray (Interviewee)","Meyerhoff, Harriet (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta Georgia Jews"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eMurray Galin was interviewed by Harriet Meyerhoff on August 13, 2008, in Savannah, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eMurray Galin was born in Savannah, Georgia, in 1931 to Jack and Clara Kronstadt Galin. He had one brother, Alvin, born in 1926. Both of Murray’s parents worked; his mother was a salesperson at various department stores, and his father was a deputy sheriff at the City Court of Savannah. Murray’s family was Orthodox and members of Congregation Agudath Achim. He attended Hebrew school and was very involved in Jewish organizations like Aleph Zadik Aleph and the Jewish Educational Alliance. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eMurray attended Henry Street School, Chatham Junior High, and Savannah High School. He then attended Armstrong Junior College for two years and transferred to Emory University. While in college, he joined the Naval Reserve and applied for officer's candidate school at the onset of the Korean War. Murray spent two years in the Navy before returning to Emory to finish law school. Murray met Sharon Silver at Emory University, and they dated for five years before marrying during his senior year of law school. Murray and Sharon had four children: Patricia Galin Guggenheim in 1959, Jeffrey Galin in 1961, Marci Galin Robinson in 1965, and Dana Galin in 1967. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eMurray and Sharon raised their family in Savannah, where he continues to be involved in the Savannah Jewish community and Congregation Agudath Achim. He also continued to practice law, focusing on real estate and mortgage and lending. Murray has been involved with various organizations, including United Way, the Savannah Philharmonic Orchestra, and Agudath Achim in various capacities, such as chairman of the building committee. \u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eThe interview focuses on Murray’s recollections of growing up Jewish in Savannah. He describes the area and home where he grew up and discusses his parents’ careers. He discusses his family’s involvement with Congregation Agudath Achim. He recalls his upbringing in an Orthodox Jewish home and attending Hebrew school. He shares memories of visiting relatives as a child and going to Isle of Hope, and visiting Barbee’s. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eMurray talks about his school experience and involvement with the Jewish Educational Alliance. He discusses his college experience and talks about enlisting in the Navy during the Korean War. He details coming back to Georgia and getting married to Sharon. He talks about moving back to Savannah and raising their children. He describes his involvement with Agudath Achim and their efforts to endure during financial difficulties. He reflects on antisemitism in Savannah and how his views were changed during the Civil Rights Movement. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHe describes Broughton Street in Savannah, the major shopping area. He reflects on Agudath Achim changing from Orthodox to Conservative and what those changes looked like. He talks more about his youth in Savannah and the places he would frequent. The interview concludes with Murray recounting Savannah’s St. Patrick’s Day parade and his family’s involvement. \u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Berliner, Jack (1930-1979) (personal name)","Feinfeld, Pearl Greenberg (approx. 1880-1947) (personal name)","Galin, Alvin (1926-1995) (personal name)","Galin, Clara Kronstadt (1899-1985) (personal name)","Galin, Dana (b. 1967) (personal name)","Galin, Jack (1900-1996) (personal name)","Galin, Jeffrey (b. 1961) (personal name)","Galin, Julius (1900-1988) (personal name)","Galin, Sharon Silver (b. 1936) (personal name)","Guggenheim, Patricia Galin (b. 1959) (personal name)","Jacobson, Betty Kaminsky (1932-2025) (personal name)","Kaplan, Max (1928-2015) (personal name)","Kramer, Nita Cohen (b. 1935) (personal name)","Lewis Jr., Julius Curtis (1926-2005) (personal name)","McBride, Bob (personal name)","Meddin, Ethel Cohen (1933-1994) (personal name)","Perlmutter, Barbara Cohen (1932-2012) (personal name)","Pike, Dr. Benjamin (1931-1992) (personal name)","Platock, Gerald (1930-2020) (personal name)","Robinson, Marci Galin (b. 1965) (personal name)","Rubin, Abram Morris (1938-2016) (personal name)","Sadler, Eva Levy (1888-1983) (personal name)","Silver, Esther Clein (1908-1996) (personal name)","Adlers Department Store (corporate name)","Aleph Zadik Aleph (AZA) (corporate name)","Armstrong Junior College (corporate name)","Associated Press (corporate name)","Barbee's Pavilion (corporate name)","Benedictine Military School (also referred to as Benedictine or BC) (corporate name)","B'nai B'rith Girls (BBG) (corporate name)","Chatham Junior High (corporate name)","Commercial High School (corporate name)","Congregation Agudath Achim (corporate name)","Congregation Bnai Brith Jacob (corporate name)","Emory University (corporate name)","Fines Department Store (corporate name)","Gottlieb’s Bakery and Kosher Deli (corporate name)","Henry Street School (corporate name)","Jewish Educational Alliance (JEA) (corporate name)","Johnny Harris (corporate name)","Kraft's Bakery (corporate name)","Savannah High School (corporate name)","Savannah Jewish Federation (corporate name)","William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum (corporate name)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","Augusta, Georgia (geographic term)","Broughton Street (geographic term)","Charleston, South Carolina (geographic term)","Columbia, Georgia (geographic term)","Isle of Hope, Georgia (geographic term)","Key West, Florida (geographic term)","Long Beach, California (geographic term)","Miami, Florida (geographic term)","Port Wentworth, Georgia (geographic term)","Savannah, Georgia (geographic term)","Thunderbolt, Georgia (geographic term)","Treasure Island, San Francisco (geographic term)","Yamacraw Village, Georgia (geographic term)","Civil Rights Movement (named event)","Korean War (named event)","St. Patrick's Day Parade (named event)","Aliyah (other)","Antisemitism (other)","Bar mitzvah (other)","City Court of Savannah (other)","Conservative Judaism (other)","Hebrew (other)","Hebrew School (other)","Kosher (other)","Orthodox Judaism (other)","Torah (other)","United States Navy (other)","Yom Kippur (other)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eMurray Galin was interviewed by Harriet Meyerhoff on August 13, 2008, in Savannah, Georgia.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMurray Galin was born in Savannah, Georgia, in 1931 to Jack and Clara Kronstadt Galin. He had one brother, Alvin, born in 1926. Both of Murray\u0026rsquo;s parents worked; his mother was a salesperson at various department stores, and his father was a deputy sheriff at the City Court of Savannah. Murray\u0026rsquo;s family was Orthodox and members of Congregation Agudath Achim. He attended Hebrew school and was very involved in Jewish organizations like Aleph Zadik Aleph and the Jewish Educational Alliance.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eMurray attended Henry Street School, Chatham Junior High, and Savannah High School. He then attended Armstrong Junior College for two years and transferred to Emory University. While in college, he joined the Naval Reserve and applied for officer's candidate school at the onset of the Korean War. Murray spent two years in the Navy before returning to Emory to finish law school. Murray met Sharon Silver at Emory University, and they dated for five years before marrying during his senior year of law school. Murray and Sharon had four children: Patricia Galin Guggenheim in 1959, Jeffrey Galin in 1961, Marci Galin Robinson in 1965, and Dana Galin in 1967.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eMurray and Sharon raised their family in Savannah, where he continues to be involved in the Savannah Jewish community and Congregation Agudath Achim. He also continued to practice law, focusing on real estate and mortgage and lending. Murray has been involved with various organizations, including United Way, the Savannah Philharmonic Orchestra, and Agudath Achim in various capacities, such as chairman of the building committee.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe interview focuses on Murray\u0026rsquo;s recollections of growing up Jewish in Savannah. He describes the area and home where he grew up and discusses his parents\u0026rsquo; careers. He discusses his family\u0026rsquo;s involvement with Congregation Agudath Achim. He recalls his upbringing in an Orthodox Jewish home and attending Hebrew school. He shares memories of visiting relatives as a child and going to Isle of Hope, and visiting Barbee\u0026rsquo;s.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eMurray talks about his school experience and involvement with the Jewish Educational Alliance. He discusses his college experience and talks about enlisting in the Navy during the Korean War. He details coming back to Georgia and getting married to Sharon. He talks about moving back to Savannah and raising their children. He describes his involvement with Agudath Achim and their efforts to endure during financial difficulties. He reflects on antisemitism in Savannah and how his views were changed during the Civil Rights Movement.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHe describes Broughton Street in Savannah, the major shopping area. He reflects on Agudath Achim changing from Orthodox to Conservative and what those changes looked like. He talks more about his youth in Savannah and the places he would frequent. The interview concludes with Murray recounting Savannah\u0026rsquo;s St. Patrick\u0026rsquo;s Day parade and his family\u0026rsquo;s involvement.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Galin__Murray.wav"]},"duration":2580.42687,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/290/974/original/Galin__Murray.wav?1757521622","type":"Audio","format":"audio/wav","duration":2580.42687,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/transcript/83885","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Galin, Murray [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/transcript/83885/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMEYERHOFF:\u003c/strong\u003e Today is August 13, 2008. Murray, you're a Savannahian, tell me where you got started, where you were born, and something about your parents.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=4.0,18.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/transcript/83885/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGALIN:\u003c/strong\u003e I was born here in Savannah, I first lived on Duffy Lane and Jefferson Street, in a very small bungalow that was part of property owned by my grandmother. She owned the property from Duffy all the way back to the lane. She lived in the house on the corner of Duffy and Jefferson. There was a confectionary run by people named Shefer [sp] on the bottom floor part of the building. My mom and dad and brother, Alvin, and I, lived in this tiny bungalow on the lane. My grandmother died, I don't remember the year, I was probably around five years old, and we moved into the bigger house on Duffy and Jefferson Street. It was two-story, and I remember over the grocery store, we had set up an apartment for my other grandma, my dad's grandmother, who was a widow. It was a fairly self-contained neighborhood, as all of them were at that time. It didn't have the big supermarkets. The confectionary, grocery store was part of our building across the street. There's Dr. Harms, who was a pharmacist. Kraft's Bakery was on another corner. The other building on the fourth corner changed from time to time but was always commercial in its aspects. I lived three blocks from the big park, from Park Avenue between Whitaker and Drayton. At a very young age, I would spend a lot of time in the park. I went to Henry Street School, which was two blocks away. It was on Henry and Barnard. My mom worked, first job I remember her being with was with Wilinsky's, who had a luggage store on Broughton Street. Then she worked for many years at Adlers on Bull and Broughton in the furniture department. Eventually, she went to Fines as a sales lady, and finally, Carp [sp] as a salesperson. My dad, my first memory of his work, he worked for my Uncle Julius, who had a clothing store on Broughton Street as a collector. He would go out into the adjoining area and collect 25 cents a week or 50 cents or whatever it was with credit for clothes that they sold. Then he got a job at the city reading water meters and ultimately, he became a deputy sheriff at the City Court of Savannah until he retired. Mom and dad both worked forever, until retirement at 65. I would come home from school as a little boy and do whatever I had to do to get something to eat. If nothing was left, if nothing had been left over from a meal, I would pick up something at the grocery store and prepare it for my brother and I. He's a pretty sickly guy and had a tough time all of his life, I was much more capable to help than him. We had a stove, a little cold stove in the kitchen. We had cold stove in the living room, dining room area and a little oil heater upstairs in the bathroom. This big old two-story house, that was it. That's how it was heated. We slept under these great big comforters. My mom would get up early first, turn on the little heater in the bathroom, and then each person would have to go in and go through that ritual while she was in the kitchen building a fire and preparing breakfast, and then off to work. When I would come over in the afternoon, I would have to make a fire in the stove downstairs to keep that going. We were Orthodox, we belonged to the Agudath Achim Synagogue. The building was on Montgomery and York Lane. It was a small building, just a block and a half from the BB [Bnai Brith] Jacob building. I remember the building. As I say, it was small, upstairs was the balcony, which was quite small, where the ladies sat. I can remember being upstairs sitting with them as a kid on Yom Kippur and my mom would bring a little bag of grapes or something so that I would have something to eat during the day. I remember they would sell the aliyah when they read the Torah. They would actually bid on these things, $2, $4, whatever, and you would pay for that honor. A lot of old people, all of whom are dead now, but I remember many of the families that belonged there. We bought a property on Drayton Street and Walberg . . . we built the Agudath Achim building there, shortly thereafter. That whole thing was spearheaded by a few families in town, particularly Tenenbaum, parts of my mother's family, which was Greenberg’s, Feinfeld’s, and the Lasky’s no relation to us, and a number of families who were very vital in bringing that building together. Not too long after we moved, we voted to change to Conservatism from Orthodoxy. I think, probably, the main impetus behind that was that families could sit together because the services remained very traditional and there was not any really discernible difference other than that for a while. I went to Hebrew school in that building. I used to walk after grammar school, I'd go there. Had a whole group of us, we would change teachers or rabbis from time to time, and you go back to the first of the book every time a new guy came in. We were pretty good on the first three or four pages, but nobody ever became fluent in anything. We stayed there until our bar mitzvahs, and then we sort of drifted away. My dad was quite Orthodox. We always kept kosher. There were no frozen foods. We went and we bought the live chickens, took them to the shochet, who would kill it. They would have the chickens picked, almost. We'd bring it home and mother would have to stand there in the kitchen, take out all the pin feathers, clean all the insides, kosher it with the soaking and the salt and everything. Meats that you would bring home from the kosher butcher, kosher them once you got them home. There was no refrigerator, you had an ice box, and the ice man would come by in his horse-drawn wagon or with a truck, depending on where it was, who you were dealing with, and they would bring in 50 pounds or 100 pounds or whatever you bought and put that in the box along with your food. The telephone was a four-party line. You didn't just pick it up and start ringing. It would’ve driven my wife crazy, I think, today. You had to listen first, or you shared everything you know with somebody else. Of course, there was no air conditioning. The house we were in had a porch, front porch that went all the way around the side to the back, and we would spend a good bit of time on the porch.  The big deal on Sunday was to get in the car and take a ride. Roll down the windows, have all that hot air pushing all over your face, and you were very happy. The family would get together, I remember we would go to my Aunt Pearl Feinfeld, and they played a game, a card game that they called Okey. I'm not sure what it was, I was a very young boy. They would bid little chips and things and have a big time. I would go to my Uncle Joe Greenberg, who lived in Yamacraw [Village]. He had a grocery store and a big old Chinaberry tree in the backyard. I would take the Chinaberries, and I made a [indistinct: 10:01] where I could shoot the Chinaberries. He would take out a watermelon and we would have a big to-do on Sunday. We would drive up to Isle of Hope, go to Barbee's for a big Sunday respite.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=18.0,621.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/transcript/83885/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMEYERHOFF:\u003c/strong\u003e Explain, Barbee's.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=621.0,624.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/transcript/83885/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGALIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Barbee's at Isle of Hope was a place that had a pier on the river, like a pavilion sort of thing. They served food and they raised terrapins. They had a big pen outside where they raised these turtles and would sell them for food. Isle of Hope, Thunderbolt, other areas south on the river, people would go to because the streetcar went out to these places and you could ride out to get out of the house to get away, families could go and would go . . . is that working?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=624.0,675.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/transcript/83885/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMEYERHOFF:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=675.0,676.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/transcript/83885/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGALIN:\u003c/strong\u003e I thought you just [indistinct: 11:17]. Anyway, it all starts to sort of cascade over itself as you go along and get older. I spent a young lifetime in the JEA [Jewish Educational Alliance] on Barnard and Charlton. It was a wonderful building. It was probably a mile, maybe not quite a mile from my house. I would walk there all the time; I would walk home. It made no difference whether it was at night or not, nobody bothered you. They had a basketball court that was square, a small court. I remember I played for the team, and we were in a city league. We would play there, we played at the CYPA, the Catholic Young People Association, whatever it was. We would play at BC [Benedictine Military School], at the gym there. We played at Commercial High School. We played those teams. We played Union Bag and others that were involved. It engendered a lot of enthusiasm in the populace, not only in the Jewish community, but all aspects of the community because you didn't have the organized sports, you didn't have television, and people would come out and see these games, and it was a lot a fun. The same gym at the JEA had a stage, because that was the auditorium. We would play softball in the gym; somebody would have to play stage in case the ball was hit up there. It was athletics in miniature. It was a small, relatively small room for the purposes we used it for. Down in the bottom they had a weight room, you could lift weights. They had a boxing team. They also participated in the city tournaments and city leagues. They had a ping pong table, used to play a lot of ping pong. There was a very active participation by the Jewish community in that place. Athletics for the children, athletics for the older people, cultural programs, dances. It really served the purpose as a community center, and it was a community center, it was well run and beneficial to everybody who experienced it. I finished Henry Street School, I went to Chatham Junior High, and then I went to Savannah High School. I'm still very friendly with a few guys. We went through the entire 12 grades together. Still meet for lunch from time to time and have a lot of fond memories together. When I finished high school, I enrolled in Armstrong, which then was a junior college. That was on Gaston and Bull. I went for two years. I got an associate in arts from that school. Then I matriculated to Emory University, where I finished my degree, that was in 1953. I had joined the Naval Reserve prior to that time, a year or two, because I wanted to go somewhere, but I didn't have any money. I did go somewhere, a group of four or five of us got on a bus and went to Charleston [South Carolina] [indistinct: 15:14] I got a two-week cruise down to Miami [Florida] and Key West [Florida] and back, and then when the Korean War broke out, I wanted to be sure and finish college, and being in the reserve, I applied for the officer's candidate school, and I was the first one selected out of Savannah, and at the end of my sophomore year at Armstrong, I went out to Treasure Island, San Francisco Bay, for six weeks, for training. Came back, I finished my junior year at Emory and went to Long Beach, California for six weeks training that summer. Then I finished college the next year, went to Crosskins [sp] down on Broughton Street and bought a bunch of uniforms, put them in a suitcase and reported aboard ship in north of Virginia. I remember the first guy that saluted me, I turned around to see who was in the back. I didn't know what he was doing. I got through that two years in the Navy and then went back to Emory to law school. I graduated. Sharon and I started going together when I was at Emory the first time. We went together for five years, and we got married during my senior year in law school . . . I went to summer school, in August. I had final exams, got married, and the bar exam in one week. It was a welcome honeymoon that next week. Anyway, we finished that year, we stayed, I had not yet graduated, I took the bar. In that summer, we moved to Savannah, and we had a little efficiency apartment in the Chatham Apartments for a few months. Then we moved to an apartment on 52nd and Bull, two bedroom apartment, our oldest child, Tricia was born. Then we bought a little house in Sylvan Terrace on Lanier Drive, a three-bedroom house and a den. We filled that with children, we had Jeff, and we had Marci. Then, we bought a house in Magnolia Park and Dana came along. That completed our family of our four children. I had an interest in the community; I was involved in the synagogue. I was on the board for many, many years. I served in various committees and offices. I was the chairman of the building committee for the building we presently have. I was president for three terms. It was a time that was very difficult for the synagogue, we had been extremely ambitious in the building that we built. Fortunately, the land had been donated by J.C. Lewis, that was not an expense for us. We had a small congregation. Savannah was not booming at that time. Many young people were not anxious to come back to Savannah. The opportunities were not here. It was a really difficult time financially for the synagogue. In my second term, and certainly by the third term, it was very difficult to get people interested to take part. In fact, the first woman, vice president, was during my last term, Linda Tillinger, agreed to come and help us because there were just so few people to try and do so much, and it was difficult. I think without the continued support of the Tenenbaum family and the Kaminsky family, and a few more, it would have been an absolute disaster. But eventually, we got it all worked out. There was a time we had an automatic rabbi [indistinct: 20:05] and that also worked out.\" The organization now is a lot healthier than it was and I'm very happy to see that has transpired.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=676.0,1224.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/transcript/83885/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMEYERHOFF:\u003c/strong\u003e Murray, tell me about any antisemitism growing up in Savannah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=1224.0,1232.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/transcript/83885/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGALIN:\u003c/strong\u003e There was antisemitism in Savannah, I suppose to some extent there still is, but it was much more marked, much more blatant when I was a child. I used to have to defend myself, sometimes just in an argument, sometimes in a fight, because little kids, as I was a little kid, would stop and go through the Jew boy accusations and want to pick a fight. At the time, I realized in retrospect, that was not only in Savannah, this was a situation that was throughout the country. We had a great deal of prejudice against black people; we had lot of prejudice against Catholic people by many of the citizens. It was a difficult time for people, for the populace, to find itself and to gain enough confidence that they really didn't need to have all these scapegoats, I guess. It's totally different now than it was then. I don't say that antisemitism is completely gone any more than it's gone for any other minority, but opportunity is a lot more available than it was. I don't think that in Savannah antisemitism stymies your opportunities like once it may have. But in speaking about this, it's an interesting thing. I mentioned earlier that my dad had a job at the city, and my dad had a jobs at the county as a deputy sheriff. Back in those days, we had Jewish jobs, Irish jobs, and the politicians recognized and respected that certain elements or certain numbers within departments could go to Jewish people, could go to Catholic people and that pretty well was sacrosanct. Politicians all protected each other in that regard. You had politicians who developed to be very powerful people in a small bowl. They really had a lot of input, and some were Jewish, many were not. But I don't think today it's the same world as it was back then. It was much more blatant at the time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=1232.0,1385.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/transcript/83885/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMEYERHOFF:\u003c/strong\u003e What about the Civil Rights? What can you remember that would be historical, that the generation today doesn't understand?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=1385.0,1397.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/transcript/83885/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGALIN:\u003c/strong\u003e I've expressed before, I think that the one thing in my life that I'm ashamed of is the feeling I had at the outset of that movement. What I'm talking about is when they started the peaceful protests, and I remember them very well, they were well-conducted. Nobody ever got hurt, nobody was ever bothered physically. I became irate. What do you mean Mr. Anton can't choose to serve who he pleases in his restaurant? Or this store can't do this? I had no idea having been born into the system and having been part of the system, the system being part of me, I had no idea what a terrible, terrible thing it was until I saw it unravel and began to realize the terrible abuse it was on people to say, \"No, you can come in here and you can't, yet I'm open for everybody and you're not.\" That's the one thing in my life that I really feel ashamed of, that I didn't question, I didn't realize it. Now, when it did come to the forefront of my mind, it totally changed how I felt about everyone. The practice, I've been a lawyer for 50 years, I've been in the real estate, loan business within that umbrella for 50 years, and I've dealt with hundreds and hundreds of people over that time. Families, a great many of them black, a great many not black people. If anybody had an opportunity to learn that people are people, the skin color makes no difference at all, I've had that opportunity and I'm grateful for it. Character is within a person, or it isn't. Regardless of education, background, some people are good people and some people aren't.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=1397.0,1533.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/transcript/83885/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMEYERHOFF:\u003c/strong\u003e Tell me about Broughton Street in your era.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=1533.0,1537.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/transcript/83885/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGALIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Broughton Street, in my era, you dressed to go on Broughton Street, and that was a big to do. There were no shopping centers. Broughton Street was 90 percent of what was available, and West Broad Street was the other 10 or 15 percent [indistinct: 25:28] not that they would come together. They targeted principally black clientele, not that blacks couldn't shop on Broughton Street, they certainly could, but the styles and the credit relationships and so on was directed toward the black clientele more on West Broad Street at that time. Broughton was an adventure. We had a number of drug stores, it had soda fountains, that was a big treat. We had a few restaurants. I remember the kosher restaurant on Broughton Street, on West Broughton, that Epstein had and Hirsch had. I think it was the same place that they had at different times. Of course, Gottlieb had their delicatessen, which wasn't Broughton Street. The first one I remember was on Duffy and Whitaker, and then they moved to 31st Bull, and the bakery opened across the street from them. The community always had a Jewish butcher, kosher foods, until the big supermarkets came in and then the little guys were sort of pushed out of business. There was always a serious Jewish content in Savannah and a lot of Orthodox people and a very strong community.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=1537.0,1665.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/transcript/83885/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMEYERHOFF:\u003c/strong\u003e Getting back to the synagogue, the AA, this Conservative that was run Orthodox originally, and no electricity, what did you do about lights or no air conditioning? What was it like in the fall of the year?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=1665.0,1685.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/transcript/83885/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGALIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Of course, the original building, Montgomery Street, had no air conditioning. The new one did. I don't remember whether it was right at the outset. I don't remember it not being comfortable. It probably was air conditioned. I think it was in the 1940's already, note that, or 1950's. No, probably the 1940's. The synagogue served its congregation well. The school was self-contained, we had either two or three classrooms, I don't remember which. The sanctuary was on the second floor. The first floor . . . and there was a balcony on the third floor in the back for the women who may have wanted to be isolated, they didn't have to. The ground floor was a little school area, a chapel, where we had daily services, the offices, the rabbi's office, and then we had a kitchen, and we had a banquet room, sort of, whatever you call it. It worked very well to serve the purposes of the community, of the congregation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=1685.0,1778.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/transcript/83885/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMEYERHOFF:\u003c/strong\u003e How did services differ then, than they do in our shul today?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=1778.0,1793.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/transcript/83885/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGALIN:\u003c/strong\u003e They were principally in Hebrew originally, as I said earlier, the change to conservatism was principally sitting together, because the services were not impacted that strongly at first. You did have a little bit of English. Now you have a great deal more English than you did then. I don't know that they leave out more now than they did then. There may be a little bit less in services, but the time was pretty much the same, I think. You spent quite a while when you went to . . . It wasn't a one-hour service. It has, over the years, catered to more and more English. More and more . . . and when I say that it holds the congregation better, because you go to something and you have no idea what they're talking about, it really doesn't mean anything to you. You either have to learn what it means, for it to be meaningful to you, or you have to have the help of mixing in something you understand. It did change over the years, but the contrast now I think . . . [interview pauses, then resumes]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=1793.0,1895.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/transcript/83885/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMEYERHOFF:\u003c/strong\u003e Side two.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=1895.0,1900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/transcript/83885/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGALIN:\u003c/strong\u003e One little thing, reaching aside, too, that did come to mind, you said, a story. There was a fellow who applied for a job as a police officer. When he took the application, he filled it out. One of the questions was, \"What are rabies, and what do you do about it?\" He wrote down rabies as, \"Jewish preachers, and it ain't nothing you can do about them.\" Anyway, the JEA was a great source of social activity and athletics and everything. The first dance I went to was at the JEA. I had a date with Betty Kaminsky. The JEA had a day camp, summer day camp. I was a counselor for a few years, and a lot of kids would come. We would play in the park in front of the JEA. We would take a bus to Port Wentworth [Georgia], to a swimming pool, and to other locations. In fact, I also . . . it was at the Hebrew school on Abercorn Street, the BB Jacobs Hebrew School, the day camp set it there. One time, I remembered I worked there. The social aspects of our group, our Jewish community at that time, growing up, was the center of it was pretty much Johnny Harris' next to the JEA, and after every event, every dance or whatever, everybody would go out to Johnny Harris'. You'd get something to eat, they had a jukebox there and we would dance. The beach, we would go to the beach. On a weekend, with a group of guys, Benny Pike, and Gerald Platock, and Jack Berliner, and Max Kaplan, and me. They were different, two or three fellas from time to time. You go out and spend the whole evening at the beach and come back singing late at night, two o'clock in the morning. The activity at the beach and in town, it centered principally at people's houses. The Cohen’s, Barbara, Ethel, and Nita, three girls, and we'd all go in that house on a weekend evening and just have a lot of fun, sit around, talk. Other homes as well we'd go to, but just sort of different groups would gravitate into certain, I suppose, principally neighborhood areas, where you could walk there and walk back home. It was a lot of fun; I had a lot friends. A major impact was, at that time, AZA [Aleph Zadik Aleph] and BBG [B'nai B'rith Girls]. We had two AZA chapters here, and I participated in one of them, went on the conventions, had a lot of fun. We'd go to Charleston, Augusta [Georgia], Columbia [South Carolina], Savannah. Maybe occasionally someplace else, Atlanta. I got to meet a number of people, young people, from all of these communities. We had competitions and basketball and debating, other sports, dances, and I'm still very friendly today with the guys and girls who would go to these things and, It was a really nice relationship and many marriages eventually occurred as a result of these meetings. All in all, it was, I think, a good, healthy, meaningful lifestyle. Of course times were so different, you didn't have . . . everybody didn't have an automobile, and everybody didn't have a lot of money to spend. There were not a lot things directed toward young people to get them in a lot more trouble than they do today. People worked harder, people had a lot less free time. People probably were a lot better off for it. It was a good community in which to grow. It was the Jewish community. It was good experience. Some people were standoffish from others, but that happens in every walk of life. I think probably the best indication of what that whole era worked itself into is the fact that today in Savannah, this community, this Jewish community is outstanding on a national basis for their time, interest, contribution to the Federation, and the school of three viable synagogues, and a wonderful Jewish community. It's a very rich heritage in Savannah. Sharon, my wife, does tour guiding, as you do, and she does a number of these Jewish tours in Savannah. When you stop and realize that there was a time that Charleston and Savannah had a far bigger Jewish population than New York. You have a heck of a jump start on the birth and the growth of a viable Jewish community. All things considered, I think there have been a lot more pluses than minuses. The community has had its setbacks, just like every community does. By and large, most people have cooperated and worked toward the common good, the common effort. I think Savannah is a wonderful, healthy environment, and not only in its Jewish content, but particularly in its Jewish content. It has been a wonderful place to live [indistinct: 38:37] [interview pauses, then resumes] There's a couple of little anecdotes from working all these years. Shortly after I started practicing law, my friend Abram Rubin sent his grandmother to me to close a loan, close a sale of a piece of property she was buying. I knew Ms. Sadler, and she didn't learn her English at Oxford. I was talking to her because I wanted to be sure she understood what was going on. I should have understood as well, with all the real estate she had been involved in. She's sitting there at the closing, and I'm going through each line on the paper, and I am explaining and explaining, and she's got a blank look on her face. Finally, when I guess she had enough of it, she looked at me and she said, \"Your brother looks like you?\" I realized she didn't need me explaining it to her. But in that vein, I had a fellow come in for a loan, who wanted to borrow $100,000, and he had a valuable piece of property. He apparently knew I was Jewish, because he started telling me about every Broughton street merchant that had ever been there that was Jewish, his relationship with them. Finally he says to me, \"I don't want this loan very long, because I'm getting old and I'm going to retire. I'm going to pay it off soon.\" I said, \"How old are you?\" He said, \"I'm 65.\" I said, \"I'm 75.\" He said, \"You don't look 75.\" I said, \"I got married to a good woman who takes care of me. The guy looked at me in disbelief and said, ain't she Jewish?\" He couldn't fathom that this princess was taking care of me instead of me taking care her. [interview pauses, then resumes]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=1900.0,2447.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/transcript/83885/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMEYERHOFF:\u003c/strong\u003e St. Patrick's Day is a memorable occasion with you downtown on the parade route, tell me something.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=2447.0,2454.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/transcript/83885/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGALIN:\u003c/strong\u003e We moved into this house on Calhoun Square in 1988 and it develops that, the St. Patrick's Day Parade, which emanates in the big park, comes right by our house on its way to the Cathedral and to the rest of its parade route. We decided we would have a party. Little did I know that that party would never end and it would just grow year after year, after year, and get bigger and bigger. The first year we had it, my mother-in-law's birthday was March 17. She was here and we had her sitting right at the front of the window. As the [indistinct: 41:43] group in the parade rounded the square and came up to the house, two of the guys opened this big banner that said, \"Happy birthday, Esther Silver, mazel tov!\" One of the guys who was opening the banner was Bob McBride. Bobby worked at the newspaper, he had alerted the newspaper photographer about this, and they caught it all on pictures. It went all over the United States on the Associated Press release. We still have the banner, and we don't still have my mother-in-law, but every St. Patrick's Day, we still hang it up in the room. It's a wonderful celebration. The city enjoys it. I think our guests enjoy it. We've got people hanging off the rafters and off the porches and on the sidewalk and everywhere. It's wonderful festival experience. [interview pauses, then resumes]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=2454.0,2575.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/transcript/83885/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMEYERHOFF:\u003c/strong\u003e Murray, this has been a wonderful interview, thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=2575.0,2578.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/transcript/83885/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGALIN:\u003c/strong\u003e You're very welcome.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=2578.0,2579.5"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSavannah is the oldest city in the state of Georgia. It is a coastal city, separated from Charleston, South Carolina by the Savannah River. The city and the colony of Georgia was founded in 1733 when General James Oglethorpe and settlers arrived. During the Revolutionary War the city was the southernmost commercial port and during the Civil War it was the sixth most populous city in the Confederacy. City officials negotiated a peaceful surrender of the city in 1864, saving the city from destruction by General Sherman’s army. The city is known for its historic district with its 22 parklike squares, which was based on a design known as the Oglethorpe Plan.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=18.0,621.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKraft's Bakery was a bakery in Savannah founded by Henry Kraft (1852-1888). The bakery was located on Jefferson Street and Duffy Street. It was owned and operated by members of the Kraft family until its closing in 1961.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=18.0,621.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAdlers was a department store located on Broughton Street in downtown Savannah, Georgia. The store was founded by Leopold Adler in 1878 and was open for 70 years until it burned down on May 20, 1958.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=18.0,621.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFines Department Store was a department store located on Broughton Street in downtown Savannah, Georgia. It was founded in 1947 by Jake Fine, Jr. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=18.0,621.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJulius Galin (1900-1988) was born in New York City to Joseph and Rebecca Askin Galin. He had five siblings, including a twin brother, Jack. He owned and operated a ready-to-wear clothing store in Savannah, Georgia. He married Jeannette Kaplan in 1930, and they had two children.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=18.0,621.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the written Torah and the oral law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays, and more.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=18.0,621.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCongregation Agudath Achim is a synagogue in Savannah, Georgia, that is affiliated with the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism. It formed in 1903 as a small congregation following Orthodox ritual. As of 2025, the leader of the congregation is Rabbi David Cantor.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=18.0,621.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCongregation Bnai Brith Jacob (originally “Kahal Kadosh B’nai B’rith Jacob,” or “Congregation of the Children of the Divine Covenant of Jacob,” also known as BBJ or BB Jacob), the Orthodox synagogue in Savannah, Georgia, was established in 1861 by a group of eastern European Jews who desired to start their own synagogue patterned after the Ashkenazi tradition. The Savannah Hebrew School (now the Hebrew Community School), established by the congregation, enrolled as many as 200 children in the early 1900's. Throughout the congregation’s history, many rabbis, including Jacob Rosenfeld, Hirsch Goldberg, Charles Blumenthal, L.M. Palitz, B.L. Rosenbloom, Mordecai Hirschsprung, Nathan N. Rosen, Morris Max, William Drazin, and Abraham I. Rosenberg have served Savannah’s Orthodox community. The current Senior Rabbi of Congregation B.B.J. is Avigdor Slatus, who has served since 1981.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=18.0,621.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYom Kippur [Hebrew: “day of atonement”] The most sacred day of the Jewish year. Yom Kippur is a 25-hour fast day. Most of the day is spent in prayer, reciting yizkor for deceased relatives, confessing sins, requesting divine forgiveness, and listening to Torah readings and sermons. People greet each other with the wish that they may be sealed in the heavenly book for a good year ahead. The day ends with the blowing of the shofar (a ram’s horn).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=18.0,621.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAn Aliyah to the Torah is the calling of a member of a Jewish congregation to the bimah for a segment of Torah reading. The person who receives the aliyah goes up to the bimah before the reading and recites a blessing for reading of the Torah. After the portion of the Torah is read, the recipient then recites another blessing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=18.0,621.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTorah [Hebrew: teaching] is a general term that covers all Jewish law including the vast mass of teachings recorded in the Talmud and other rabbinical works. “Sefer Torah” refers to the sacred scroll on which the first five books of the Bible (the Pentateuch) are written, but it is often shortened simply to \"Torah\" in casual speech and writing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=18.0,621.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlvin Galin (1926-1995) was born in Savannah, Georgia, to Jack and Clara Kronstadt Galin. He had one brother, Murray. He served in the US Army from 1953 to 1955. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=18.0,621.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlso known as Masorti Judaism, Conservative Judaism is a form of Judaism that seeks to preserve Jewish tradition and ritual, but has a more flexible approach to the interpretation of the law than Orthodox Judaism. It attempts to combine a positive attitude toward modern culture, while preserving a commitment to Jewish observance. In general, Conservative congregations also observe gender equality (mixed seating, women rabbis, and bat mitzvah). The governing body for Conservative Judaism in the United States is the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism (USCJ), formerly known as the United Synagogue of America.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=18.0,621.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew school can be either the Jewish equivalent of Sunday school (an educational regimen separate from secular education, focusing on topics of Jewish history and learning the Hebrew language), or a primary, secondary, or college level educational institution where some or all of the classes are taught in Hebrew.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=18.0,621.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA bar mitzvah [Hebrew: son of commandments; plural: b’nai mitzvah] is a rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day. At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes. He is now duty-bound to keep the commandments, he puts on tefillin, and may be counted to the minyan quorum for public worship. He celebrates the bar mitzvah by being called up to the reading of the Torah in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=18.0,621.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKashrut is a set of dietary laws dealing with the foods that Jews are permitted to eat and how those foods must be prepared according to Jewish law. Food that may be consumed is deemed kosher, from the Ashkenazi pronunciation of the Hebrew term kashér, meaning \"fit\" (in this context, \"fit for consumption\"). In colloquial English, kosher often means \"legitimate,\" \"acceptable,\" \"permissible,\" \"genuine,\" or \"authentic.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=18.0,621.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA shochet is an adult male Jew who is trained and accredited by a rabbinic authority in the Jewish dietary laws. Specifically, a shochet slaughters animals in a way prescribed by Jewish dietary laws to avoid pain to the animal as much as possible, and to safeguard the health of the consumer.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=18.0,621.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePearl Greenberg Feinfeld (approx. 1880-1947) was born in Poland and immigrated to Savannah, Georgia. She married Isaac Feinfeld. She was the sister of Esther Greenberg Kronstadt, Esther was Clara Kronstadt Galin’s mother. Clara and Jack Galin are Murray’s parents, making Pearl Murray’s great aunt. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=18.0,621.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYamacraw, now called Yamacraw Village, is in the area west of Martin Luther King Jr Boulevard. Originally, the region was a Native American village. In the 1940’s it was an area with small houses. Today, it is a sit of public housing. Yamacraw is named after the Native American Yamacraw tribe that was formed in the late 1720s under the leadership is Tomochihi. By 1728, the Yamacraw had settled along the Savannah River near its mouth. This region was later developed as present-day Savannah.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=18.0,621.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Isle of Hope is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Chatham County, Georgia, about 10 miles outside of Savannah. It is one of the most affluent communities in the state, which is known for its historic plantations and waterfront properties.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=18.0,621.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBarbee's Pavilion is located on Isle of Hope, near Savannah, Georgia. Isle of Hope was established as a retreat in the 19th century. In the early 20th century, with better transportation options, the summer resort became the year-round home of many. Barbee's Pavilion became world-famous for its terrapin farm, where turtles were farmed for stew and served there.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=18.0,621.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThunderbolt, Georgia is a town located in Chatham County and about five miles southeast of downtown Savannah. The town sits on the western shore of the Wilmington River, which is a tidal river that is part of the US Intracoastal Waterway. The community is important to Georgia’s shrimping industry. The town’s name supposedly comes from a legend of a lightning strike that created a freshwater spring on the Wilmington bluff.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=624.0,675.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Educational Alliance (JEA) is the name of Savannah, Georgia's Jewish Community Center. It was founded on August 2, 1912. The original charter, objectives were outlined for promoting the English language and for providing a building for programs such as kindergarten, a library, classes and recreation. They built their first building in 1916 at Barnard Street and their second building in spring 1950. The alliance continues to serve the Jewish and general communities in Savannah today.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=676.0,1224.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBenedictine Military School (also referred to as Benedictine or BC) is an American Roman Catholic military high school for boys located in Savannah, Georgia. It was founded in 1902 by the Benedictine monks of Savannah Priory, which still operates the school, under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Savannah. In 1963, the school moved to its current campus located on Seawright Drive in Savannah.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=676.0,1224.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCommercial High School was located 1810 Bull Street in Savannah, Georgia. It was open from the late 1930’s until the mid-1980’s and later became an adult education center until it was closed in the mid-1990’s. Today the building is own by the Savannah College of Art and Design.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=676.0,1224.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePossibly refers to Union Camp Corporation, which was an American pulp and paper company and a private owner of timberland in the United States. In 1999, it was acquired by International Paper. Union Camp came about through the merger of the Union Bag and Paper Company and the Camp Manufacturing Company.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=676.0,1224.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Henry Street School was located at 115 Henry Street in Savannah. It was built in 1891 with additions added in 1910. In 1986, the Savannah College of Art and Design purchased the building and renovated it for classroom space and renamed it Henry Hall.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=676.0,1224.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eChatham Junior High was located at 208 Bull Street in Savannah, Georgia. It was originally known as the Chatham Academy and began in 1788. The building was added on in 1908 and became Chatham Junior High. Eventually, the building become the district offices, which is what it is still used for. It is one of the oldest original buildings still in use by the district.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=676.0,1224.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSavannah High School was originally located at Washington Ave between East and West Atlantic Avenues. The original building was built by the Works Progress Administration on the site of a planned luxury hotel. The original site owners went bankrupt during the Great Depression and the school was built on the existing foundation in 1936, opening in 1937. The school was at one time the largest public school building in the United States. Today the building houses the Savannah Arts Academy, the only public high school for the arts in Savannah, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=676.0,1224.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eArmstrong Junior College was founded in 1935 in Savannah, Georgia. The junior college was named for George Ferguson Armstrong, a Savannah businessman and owner of the mansion where the junior college first held classes. In 1959, Armstong College became part of the University of Georgia system and became a four-year college in 1964. In 1966, the college moved to a new campus on Savannah’s southside.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=676.0,1224.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEmory University is a private research university in Atlanta, Georgia. Founded in 1836 as \"Emory College\" by the Methodist Episcopal Church and named in honor of Methodist bishop John Emory, Emory is the second-oldest private institution of higher education in Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=676.0,1224.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCharleston, South Carolina is a port city that was founded in 1670 and is now the largest city in South Carolina. It was originally known as Charles Town and sits at an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean formed by the Ashley, Cooper and Wando rivers. The city was a major slave trading port in the 18th century. The American Civil War started in Charleston Harbor with the Confederate army firing on the Union’s Fort Sumter.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=676.0,1224.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMiami is a city located in south Florida on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean. It is the second largest city in Florida and the county seat of Miami-Dade County.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=676.0,1224.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKey West is an island in the Straits of Florida, the City of Key West is constituted of four islands. The City of Key West is in Monroe County, and it is the southernmost city in the contiguous United States. It is closer to Havana, Cuba than Miami, Florida, giving the city a large Cuban presence. The area is known for its island weather, making it a popular tourist destination. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=676.0,1224.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Korean War was a war between North Korea (with the support of China and the Soviet Union) and South Korea (with the support of the United Nations, principally from the United States). The war began on June 25, 1950 when North Korea invaded South Korea following clashes along the border and insurrections in the south. The war ended unofficially on July 27, 1953 in an armistice.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=676.0,1224.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTreasure Island is a man-made island in San Francisco Bay, and a neighborhood in the City and County of San Francisco. Built from 1936 to 1937 for the 1939 Golden Gate International Exposition, the island was named by Clyde Milner Vandeburg, part of the Fair's public relations team. Buildings there have been listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and the historical Naval Station Treasure Island, an auxiliary air facility (for airships, blimps, dirigibles, planes, and seaplanes), are designated in the Geographic Names Information System. Treasure Island is connected to Yerba Buena Island, another (natural) auxiliary island of San Francisco, by a causeway, creating access to Interstate 80.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=676.0,1224.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLong Beach is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. The Port of Long Beach is the second busiest container port in the United States and is among the world's largest shipping ports. The city is over an oilfield with minor wells both directly beneath the city as well as offshore. The city is known for its waterfront attractions, including the permanently docked RMS Queen Mary and the Aquarium of the Pacific. Long Beach also hosts the Grand Prix of Long Beach, an IndyCar race, and the Long Beach Pride Festival and Parade. California State University, Long Beach, one of the largest universities in California by enrollment, is within the city.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=676.0,1224.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSharon Silver Galin (b. 1936) was born in Atlanta to Doctor Louis and Esther Clein Silver. She had two brothers, William and Arthur. She married Murray Galin in 1957, and they had four children: Patricia, Jeffrey, Marci, and Dana. She had been involved in the Savannah community, including United Way and, Federation, and has worked as a tour guide in Savannah.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=676.0,1224.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJeffrey Galin (b. 1961) is the eldest son of Murray and Sharon Silver Galin. He was born in Savannah and attended Emory University, the University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, and the University of Pittsburgh. He is a professor of English at Florida Atlantic University.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=676.0,1224.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMarci Galin Robinson (b. 1965) is the second daughter of Murray and Sharon Silver Galin. She was born in Savannah and attended the University of Georgia. She lives and works in Sandy Springs. In 1997, she married Thomas Robinson, and they have two children. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=676.0,1224.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJulius Curtis Lewis Jr., often known as J.C. Lewis Jr. (1926-2005), was a businessman and philanthropist from Savannah, Georgia. He was Chairman of J.C. Lewis Enterprises, Lewis Broadcasting Corporation, J.C. Lewis Investment Company, and Island Investments. He served one term as Mayor of Savannah in the late 1960’s as a Republican. Lewis also donated the land for numerous other nonprofit groups throughout the Savannah area, including the Congregation Agudath Achim and the B'nai B'rith Jacob Synagogue's apartment complex, and a portion of the land for The Savannah Jewish Educational Alliance (JEA).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=676.0,1224.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil Rights Movement encompasses social movements in the United States whose goal was to end racial segregation and discrimination against Black Americans and enforce constitutional voting rights to them. The movement was characterized by major campaigns of civil resistance. Between 1955 and 1968, acts of nonviolent protest and civil disobedience produced crisis situations between activists and government authorities. Noted legislative achievements during this phase of the Civil Rights Movement were passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the Immigration and Nationality Services Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=1385.0,1397.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRussian immigrant Isadore Gottlieb (ca. 1870-1932) and his wife, the former Jennie Hurwitz (ca. 1872-1963), started a bakery in Savannah, Georgia, in 1884. The original bakery was located at York and Jefferson streets. The Gottliebs had eight children: Joseph (1898-1974), Sadie (1899-1965), Mamie (ca. 1900-1950), Leon (1902-1972), Elliott (1904-1979), Harold \"Hank\" (1906-1993), Irving (1909-1990), and Milton (1910-1979). Elliott, Irving, and Sadie became directly involved with the bakery. Elliott and Irving took charge of the business around 1928. Joseph started a kosher delicatessen business in 1934, utilizing baked goods from Gottlieb's Bakery. Elliott's son, Isser (1938-2012), joined the bakery full-time in 1959 and ran the business until it closed in 1994. The bakery has reopened in various iterations, including catering at Congregation Bnai Brith Jacob Synagogue and selling groceries such as imported candies, cookies, and cheeses.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=1537.0,1665.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShul is a Yiddish word for synagogue that is derived from a German word meaning “school,” and emphasizes the synagogue's role as a place of study.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=1778.0,1793.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBetty Kaminsky Jacobson (1932-2025) was born to Miller and Ann Kaminsky in Savannah, Georgia. She received a bachelor’s degree from the University of Pennsylvania and a master’s in landscape architecture from the Radcliffe Institute. She worked as a landscape architect. She was married to Perry Jacobson for 60 years, and they had three children.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=1900.0,2447.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePort Wentworth is a city in Chatham County, Georgia, United States. The 2020 population was 10,878. Port Wentworth is part of the Savannah metropolitan area.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=1900.0,2447.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJohnny Harris was a restaurant located at 2001 East Victory Drive in Savannah. It opened in 1924 as barbecue shack and later moved to the Victory Drive location. At one point, the restaurant has a dance floor in the middle of the dining room and was a draw for big bands during the 1930s and 1940s. The restaurant closed in 2016.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=1900.0,2447.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDr. Benjamin Leonard Pike (1931-1992) was born in Savannah, Georgia, to Sam and Gertrude Pike. He attended the University of Georgia and was a member of Tau Epsilon Phi. He was a member of congregation Bnai Brith Jacob, and was involved with Savannah Jewish Federation and the Jewish Educational Alliance. He married Martha Durham, and they had three children.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=1900.0,2447.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGerald Platock (1930-2020) was born in Savannah, Georgia. He graduated from the University of Georgia Medical College and practiced Obstetrics and Gynecology in Jacksonville, Florida, for over 40 years. He was married twice and was married to Ellen Lattner for 38 years. He had two children and two stepchildren.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=1900.0,2447.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJack Berliner (1930-1979) was born in Savannah to Benjamin and Sarah Sidler Berliner. He had three siblings, Anne, Sylvia, and Sam. An accident in 1948 left him paralyzed. He later established a magazine and stationery business in his home.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=1900.0,2447.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMax Kaplan (1928-2015) was born in Savannah, Georgia, to Sam and Sarah Bobrow Kaplan. He worked for his brother Alex at Alex's Super Duper, and he also owned and operated Max Paint.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=1900.0,2447.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBarbara Cohen Perlmutter (1932-2012) was born in Charlotte, North Carolina, to Bessy and Louis Cohen. She had two sisters, Ethel and Nita, and a brother, Davis. She grew up in Savannah, Georgia, and went to the University of Kentucky and graduated with a Bachelor of Science Degree in Medical Technology and Bacteriology. At college, she met her husband, Jerry Perlmutter, and they moved to Florida, where she helped to establish Temple Beth Sholom. She became a Sunday school teacher at the Temple, as well as an officer of its Sisterhood. She was also a member of Chabad, Brandeis, Hadassah, community teaching associations, and art councils. Barbara and Jerry had three children, and while raising her children, she was a medical technologist, as well as a high school science teacher, at Melbourne Central Catholic and Satellite High School.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=1900.0,2447.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEthel Cohen Meddin (1933-1994) was born in Savannah, Georgia, to Bessy and Louis Cohen. She had two sisters, Barbara and Nita, and a brother, Davis. She was married to Arnold Meddin.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=1900.0,2447.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAleph Zadik Aleph (AZA) is an international youth-led fraternal organization for Jewish teenage boys. Its sister organization for teenage girls is B'nai B'rith Girls (BBG). B'nai B'rith Youth Organization, now BBYO, is an umbrella organization including Jewish teens in both AZA and BBG.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=1900.0,2447.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eB'nai B'rith Girls or BBG is the female order of the B'nai B'rith Youth Organization (BBYO), a youth movement that grew out of B’nai B’rith International, a Jewish service organization. BBG was founded in 1944 for teenage Jewish girls. Chapters of girls soon sprung up throughout the United States and Canada. Today, it is an international sorority. The male brother order is the Aleph Zadik Aleph (AZA).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=1900.0,2447.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAugusta, Georgia is located on the South Carolina border and sits on the Savannah River across from North Augusta, South Carolina. The city was founded in 1736 and named for Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, the wife of Frederick, Prince of Wales. Today the city is known for hosting The Masters golf tournament every spring at Augusta National Golf Club.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=1900.0,2447.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eColumbia is the capital city of South Carolina. It is the second-largest city in the state and was chartered as a town in 1805 and city in 1854. The city’s name is often abbreviated to Cola, which lead to the nickname “Soda City.” The area was originally settled by Congaree Native American, who lived along the Congaree River. Today, Columbia sites at the confluence of the Saluda River and the Broad River, which merge at Columbia to form the Congaree River.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=1900.0,2447.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Savannah Jewish Federation (SJF) is the local affiliate of the Jewish Federations of North America (JFNA) covering coastal Georgia (Savannah and Brunswick) and the southern part of the South Carolina lowcountry (Hilton Head Island and Bluffton). Previously known as the Savannah Jewish Council, it is dedicated to preserving and enriching Jewish life in the area, while also keeping identification with the State of Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=1900.0,2447.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAbram Morris Rubin (1938-2016) was born in Brooklyn, New York, to Irving and Madeline Sadler Rubin. He graduated from the University of Georgia, where he was a member of Tau Epsilon Phi. He was a lifetime member of Congregation Agudath Achim and a past president of the Chevra Kadisha. He was president of A. F. King and Son Realtors. He married Barbara Haskins, and they had three children.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=1900.0,2447.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEva Levy Sadler (1888-1983) was born in Poland to Oscar Stroyeva Levy and Esther Lublin Levy. She immigrated to Savannah, Georgia, in the early 1900’s. She was married to Abraham Sadler, and they had four children, Morris, Madaline, Bernice, and Barney.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=1900.0,2447.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Oxford is a research university located in Oxford, England. It is believe that teaching began at Oxford in 1096, making it the oldest university in the English-speaking world and the second oldest university in continuous operation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=1900.0,2447.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEsther Clein Silver (1908-1996) was a lifelong resident of Atlanta, Georgia. She married Doctor Louis Silver in 1933, and worked with him in his Dental Practice for 35 years before retiring in 1979. She was a member of Ahavath Achim Synagogue, the William Bremen Jewish Home, and Hadassah. They had three children, Sharon, William, and Arthur.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=2454.0,2575.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMazel tov is a Yiddish and Hebrew phrase used to express congratulations or wish someone good luck.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=2454.0,2575.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974/annotation_set/2027/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Associated Press was founded in 1846 and is a non-profit American news agency headquartered in New York City. It serves as a cooperative, unincorporated association, and produces news reports that are distributed to United States newspapers and broadcasters.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/159719/file/290974#t=2454.0,2575.0"}]}]}]}