{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/sj19k46f1b/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Clark, H. Sol"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1997-02-01 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Audio"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Savannah Jewish Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eH. Sol Clark was interviewed in February 1997 by Harriet Meyerhoff in Savannah, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eHyman Solomon \"Sol\" Clark was born in Savannah, Georgia in 1906 to Belarusian parents. While growing up in a Jewish family in the early 20th century he was a member of the Jewish Educational Alliance, as well as the Congregation B’nai B’rith Jacob. However, he went to the Catholic Benedictine Military School for high school. This put him on his path to becoming a lawyer, where he gained his Bachelor’s degree from Cornell University in 1928, followed by a Bachelor of Laws degree in 1930. After his higher education, Clark returned to Savannah to pursue his law career. For two years, Clark worked in the Savannah Mayoral Office, and the joined the law office of Hester, Lewis, and Clark, as well as Brannen and Clark as a partner. He continued in law offices in Savannah until he was appointed to the Court of Appeals in 1972 by Jimmy Carter (then governor of Georgia). Clark made history as the first person of Jewish faith to be an appellate judge in Georgia. Outside of the traditional law practice, Clark was a charter member of the ABF (American Bar Foundation), a recipient of distinguished service from the Supreme Court of Georgia, and a member of the Board of Directors for the National Legal Aid and Defender Associations, to name just a few of his accolades. He held various public offices during his prime, and returned to his law profession in the late 1970’s. Clark was named the “Father of State Legal Aid in Georgia” by Harvard Law School.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eClark married Matilda Shapiro in 1933 and had two children, of which he joined in partnership with his son after his retirement in 1976 from the appellate court. In addition to his law career, Clark was also a president of the Jewish Educational Alliance, a member of the B’nai B’rith Congregation, Chairman of the United Jewish Appeal, and a Free Mason. Sol Clark died in January 2003.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eIn a solo interview, Sol begins the interview by talking about his family’s immigration to Savannah in the early 20th century, and their opening of a grocery store in the emerging Jewish neighborhood. He continues by describing the whole neighborhood of Jewish-owned establishments, and how it created a very close-knit community, although it was split slightly by the reform and the Orthodox congregations. This was apparent in the aldermen of the city council. Sol talks about the separation of jobs in Savannah based on one’s ethnic and religious background.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSol moves on to his education, saying that although he didn’t go to the Hebrew School, and instead went to the Catholic Benedictine Military School, that did not affect his relationships with other Jewish boys. He then lists all the Jewish professionals he knew growing up, mainly doctors and lawyers. He reminisces about his growing up in a predominately Black neighborhood and returning to Savannah later in life, meeting one of his childhood best friends. Sol returns to the topic of education and the Benedictine school, which he says gave him a better education, leading him to be able to go to Cornell University, unlike his contemporaries who went to University of Georgia. Although he got out of Georgia for undergraduate, and then law school, Sol says that the Depression made him return home to Savannah. Sol comments that his Cornell education helped get him his first job in Savannah at the Mayor’s office, Gordon Saussy, who had also gone to Cornell.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSol then returns to Jewish life in Savannah, specifically how the JEA influenced him the most, as a “home away from home”. Sol lists all the possible clubs people were able to enter, providing a community space for all the families in the area- he then lists all the families he remembers from his own neighborhood. After returning to Savannah for his law career, Sol says that he wanted to play a bigger part in the JEA, where he became a member of the Board of Directors. Sol states that this position helped him marry his wife, Matilda Shapiro, as she became the new Executive Director of the JEA, and who was a childhood love. He continues in describing their 63-year marriage, and how she was able to keep her job at the JEA once they married.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSol then comments on the effect of Hitler on the Jewish population in Savanah, and how it caused the community to come together, but also raise itself. He continues with a little note on his law career, specifically his appointment by Jimmy Carter. Sol finishes the interview with the relationship between Black’s and Jew’s during MLK’s assassination, and how although the Jews in Savannah were highly regarded, there were no Jewish politicians or recognized leaders.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/27960"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Clark, H. Sol, 1906-2003 (personal name)","Congregation B'nai B'rith Jacob (corporate name)","Jewish Educational Alliance (corporate name)","Congregation Ahavath Achim (corporate name)","Congregation Mickve Israel (corporate name)","Benedictine Military School (corporate name)","The Great Depression (topical term)","Workman's Circle (corporate name)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eH. Sol Clark was interviewed in February 1997 by Harriet Meyerhoff in Savannah, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHyman Solomon \"Sol\" Clark was born in Savannah, Georgia in 1906 to Belarusian parents. While growing up in a Jewish family in the early 20th century he was a member of the Jewish Educational Alliance, as well as the Congregation B’nai B’rith Jacob. However, he went to the Catholic Benedictine Military School for high school. This put him on his path to becoming a lawyer, where he gained his Bachelor’s degree from Cornell University in 1928, followed by a Bachelor of Laws degree in 1930. After his higher education, Clark returned to Savannah to pursue his law career. For two years, Clark worked in the Savannah Mayoral Office, and the joined the law office of Hester, Lewis, and Clark, as well as Brannen and Clark as a partner. He continued in law offices in Savannah until he was appointed to the Court of Appeals in 1972 by Jimmy Carter (then governor of Georgia). Clark made history as the first person of Jewish faith to be an appellate judge in Georgia. Outside of the traditional law practice, Clark was a charter member of the ABF (American Bar Foundation), a recipient of distinguished service from the Supreme Court of Georgia, and a member of the Board of Directors for the National Legal Aid and Defender Associations, to name just a few of his accolades. He held various public offices during his prime, and returned to his law profession in the late 1970’s. Clark was named the “Father of State Legal Aid in Georgia” by Harvard Law School.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eClark married Matilda Shapiro in 1933 and had two children, of which he joined in partnership with his son after his retirement in 1976 from the appellate court. In addition to his law career, Clark was also a president of the Jewish Educational Alliance, a member of the B’nai B’rith Congregation, Chairman of the United Jewish Appeal, and a Free Mason. Sol Clark died in January 2003.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn a solo interview, Sol begins the interview by talking about his family’s immigration to Savannah in the early 20th century, and their opening of a grocery store in the emerging Jewish neighborhood. He continues by describing the whole neighborhood of Jewish-owned establishments, and how it created a very close-knit community, although it was split slightly by the reform and the Orthodox congregations. This was apparent in the aldermen of the city council. Sol talks about the separation of jobs in Savannah based on one’s ethnic and religious background.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSol moves on to his education, saying that although he didn’t go to the Hebrew School, and instead went to the Catholic Benedictine Military School, that did not affect his relationships with other Jewish boys. He then lists all the Jewish professionals he knew growing up, mainly doctors and lawyers. He reminisces about his growing up in a predominately Black neighborhood and returning to Savannah later in life, meeting one of his childhood best friends. Sol returns to the topic of education and the Benedictine school, which he says gave him a better education, leading him to be able to go to Cornell University, unlike his contemporaries who went to University of Georgia. Although he got out of Georgia for undergraduate, and then law school, Sol says that the Depression made him return home to Savannah. Sol comments that his Cornell education helped get him his first job in Savannah at the Mayor’s office, Gordon Saussy, who had also gone to Cornell.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSol then returns to Jewish life in Savannah, specifically how the JEA influenced him the most, as a “home away from home”. Sol lists all the possible clubs people were able to enter, providing a community space for all the families in the area- he then lists all the families he remembers from his own neighborhood. After returning to Savannah for his law career, Sol says that he wanted to play a bigger part in the JEA, where he became a member of the Board of Directors. Sol states that this position helped him marry his wife, Matilda Shapiro, as she became the new Executive Director of the JEA, and who was a childhood love. He continues in describing their 63-year marriage, and how she was able to keep her job at the JEA once they married.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSol then comments on the effect of Hitler on the Jewish population in Savanah, and how it caused the community to come together, but also raise itself. He continues with a little note on his law career, specifically his appointment by Jimmy Carter. Sol finishes the interview with the relationship between Black’s and Jew’s during MLK’s assassination, and how although the Jews in Savannah were highly regarded, there were no Jewish politicians or recognized leaders.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/097/301/small/JAPH_1679.jpeg?1619272343","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Clark_Sol.mp3"]},"duration":2745.65225,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/097/301/small/JAPH_1679.jpeg?1619272343","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/097/301/original/Clark_Sol.mp3?1600452707","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mp3","duration":2745.65225,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Clark, Sol [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My name is H. Sol Clark and based upon the explanation given to me of what is\nrequired-- it is really to be a monologue in concerning my own personal life so\nfar and I will try to carry out the instructions but I want to be, I have no\nhesitation at asking that you interrupt whenever you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wish.\n\nI happen to have been born into a period of time that has been superb from\nbeginning to end for the Jewish community of Savannah. I was born in 1906 and I\nrecently observed my ninetieth birthday at the last of December. I was born in\nSavannah; my father came over with a brother-in-law Iab Raskin. My father's name\nwas Sam Clark. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They came over together. Iab was not married, my father of course\nwas already married to my mother, but they had no children and my mother was\nleft behind Vitebsk, that's an important rural center in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russia. In 1905 my\nmother was brought here, and I was born the following year. When my father came\nhere along with Iab Raskin, he came because there was a relative named Solomon\nRaskin who was a half-brother of my mother's father. The rest of the Raskin\nfamily, my mother came over in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1905, I was born in 1906 and the rest of the\nRaskin family came over in 1907. My grandfather died a couple of years after he\ncame here and is buried in the Hebrew section of the Laurel Grove cemetery. At\nthat time and all during my growing up years and thereafter for a period of\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time, Savannah was just growing especially the port and the sugar farming came\nto Savannah. Those years the Jewish immigrants had small stores usually they\nwould take some job as an example my father originally took a job with the city\nfixing lights and by coincidence when he was knocked ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"down by sweet talk he\nobtained enough capital to be able to start and grocery store and bar room.\nThroughout the city you'd find the Jewish immigrants had started stores,\ngenerally retail, ready-to-wear stores, or grocery stores like my father. During\nmy growing up ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years we had a grocery store first and opposite the city lot on\nMagnolia Street. And I was born at what was the Parkview Sanitarium facing the\npark extension, has now been torn down, its now, it was later the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"home, the\noriginal home of the . . . synagogue on the corner of Walburg and Grayton and\nfacing the park. Then the second home, the second place where my father had a\nstore, and we always lived over the store was on Brian and Montgomery Street.\nActually, those years Brian Street was known as the Jew ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Street.\n\nI mentioned that at that time Brian Street was considered the Jew street, as an\nexample, I've forgotten the term, the gentleman who would cut chickens and make\nthem Kosher and so forth was on the corner of Brian and Montgomery Street. My\nfather's bar room and grocery store was directly ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"across the street. There was\nalso Gottleib's bakery, in that block, and Newton's bakery was there, all the\nother businesses including second hand clothing stores and so forth were owned\nand operated by Jews. The square that existed there which was also in front of\nthe First African Baptist Church, was really our playground and the Jewish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"boys\nand girls would play their games there. If you went to kindergarten at that\ntime, there was a Jewish kindergarten operated by Miss Amram that was over on\nwhat is now West Broughton Street but west of what was West Broad Street and of\ncourse the synagogue was on Montgomery ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Street. West Broad Street is now Martin\nLuther King Drive. Those years, and for many years thereafter because of the\nindependent merchant being in more numerous, so much more in fact that the\nchange really began during this period of time when we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had Yom Kippur, Rosh\nHashanah, the Broughton Street and West Broad Street which were occupied by\nthese store which were owned by Jewish merchants were closed, and it was like a\nholiday for everybody because the Jewish stores observing the higher holidays.\nAll during the years until Hitler, there was a let's say two ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"independent groups\nthere were the reform the . . . and B.B. Jacob, there was also a small group,\nalter Orthodox that was originally A.A., Ahavath Achim, which later became\nconservative of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"course. From Brian and Montgomery Street, my father next\noperated a grocery store and bar room in Yamacraw near West Bowder Street\nopposite what was then The Savannah Brewery. The park was the important thing,\nsee that particular ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time if there were a group of Irish that lived on Indian\nStreet running from West Broad Street westward the other area where a lot of\nIrish people lived was the old fort area of course. In fact, there was so many\nIrish that lived on the west side there was a very big congregation in St.\nPatrick's church on the corner ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Liberty and West Broad Streets. In those days,\nnot only the port but the railroads were so important. All during my boyhood\ndays and up until recently, the politics of Savannah- well the Jewish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people\nwell regarded, there was a Mr. A.J. Carfunkel, who was a vice president of what\nwas known as Exchange Bank who was really the political representative of the\nJewish people. But here city council, this is very interesting, I've always been\nfascinated by it, well the personal element that I'll explain later there were\ntwelve aldermen. Religiously you always had two Jews, one orthodox and one\nreform on the board of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"aldermen. You always had on the county commission one\nHebrew. Now, the railroads always had an alderman, well there were three\nelements, known as the Cracker, Irish, and Hebrew. It was very interesting me in\nlater years instead of being called Jewish or Jew, they always called it Hebrew.\n\nI mention my own situation ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"later years at the time that my partner Joe Hester\ndied- he was serving as a city attorney and Mr. John Borne who was the Irish\nleader, and Mr. Spence Grayson one of the cracker leaders who was city attorney\nwanted ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me to serve as the leader of Joe Hester's term as assistant city\nattorney, and at that time the only thing that they would say was \"no this is a\nJewish job\", excuse me \"this is an Irish job, you cannot give it to a Hebrew\".\nAnd I must mention that the same thing was true over in the county there was a\ncertain sheriff who had to be Hebrew, there was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a jailor who was Mr. Victor, the\nfather of the boys who, was a jailor, and there was a Mayas who was the clerk of\nthe municipal court But always jobs were there- if an Irishman died another\nIrishman was to get the job. If a Hebrew died a Jewish person was to get that.\nSo when they named ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me, a Jewish person to take a Cracker job- in those days they\nonly had the one city attorney- that it was just something that was unusual. I\nserved out the term, but one of the main reasons why there was an opposition\nticket to what had been the machine and was in control of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Savannah politics for\nso long, was the fact that a Cracker did not get a Cracker job but a Hebrew\nnamed Sol Clark.\n\nDuring the entire years that I've lived in Savannah, now 90, the atmosphere\nreligiously has always been fine. We really, even the Ku Klux Klan period, those\nwho belonged to the Ku Klux Klan said, \"oh yes many of my best friends are ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews\"\nand so we never really had Klan parades, you had no hesitation watching them,\nand the same thing was true throughout South Georgia. Every small town had what\nwas known as the Jew store. It was very interesting that all those Jew stores of\ncourse have been taken over by ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"chains and the result is that the Jewish people\nof my generation, the children of my generation, went to Atlanta, Savannah and\nso forth where the High Holidays were on, the boys, girls, and of course the men\nand women from the neighboring towns from Statesboro and all the others where\nthey did not have synagogues would come to Savannah for the holidays. We like\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all Southerners, of course religion was very important to us. Those days of\ncourse we had a Hebrew School. I did not go to Hebrew school because, by that\ntime my parents had moved from Yamacraw to West Broad and Maple St, that was\nright in the Black area, even though there were many Whites who lived-- in fact\nin West Broad ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"St, was quite occupied by families because the families of the\nmerchants lived over the stores and there were various houses, residential\nhouses, that were lived in by the families. There was a good relationship as I\nmentioned earlier always between the various ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"religions of Savannah, they\nrespected them. And as an example, no one would complain when the small\nmerchants and the big merchants on Broughton and West Broad St were closed, and\nthose days too, the Jewish merchants would deal with occupied whole-sale houses.\nAs an example, I. Epstein and company, the people that had the department store\nof course, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and V.H. Levy, the Frankin Company, Kahn and Company, they took over\nthose stores. There were also whole-sale grocery stores, because the merchants\nin the smaller would be independent, and they would get their merchandise from\nthe whole-salers, who would have their ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"salesmen travel the areas as far as Macon\nand Augusta, and of course south beyond Brunswick right onto the Florida Line.\n\nI first went to Chatham grammar school which was on Oglethorpe Avenue. The\neastern part of the school was the grammar school, the western part was the\nSavannah High ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"School. There was only one high school, we did have Benedictine\nMilitary School, which was founded in 1802 by the Benedictine Order. Very few\nJewish boys officially went to Benedictine because it was supposed to be for bad\nboys from the standpoint of the Jewish boys. I mention that we had this store on\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"West Broad and Maple Street and we lived over the store. I had Rabbi Levington\nwho was the father of Isaac Levington and Dr. Levington. We had very few Jewish\nlawyers and Jewish doctors, there was Dr. Iseman who was . . . South Carolina,\nwho ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"married a Savannah Reform Jew. And we always considered him to be one of the\nfirst Jewish doctors. Henry Levington came along after graduating from\nUniversity of Georgia, the Georgia Medical School and Dr. Levington who had his\noffice on . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Street was the Jewish doctor. The Jewish Lawyers were Edwin H.\nAbrahams, Jacob Kazan, Mark Fernstein, Aaron Kravitz achieved fame, his daughter\nof course was Judge Phyllis Kravitz. A rather interesting aspect, we did not\nhave many lawyers, Jewish lawyers but there was Emmanuel Lewis who studied under\nJacob Kazan, passed the bar examination before he reached the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"age that permitted\nto be admitted to the Bar, and he realized that he needed more education and\nthen he went to University of Georgia Law School but when he came back he had a\ngood practice with Mr. Kazan, and later went into partnership with Joe Hester,\nHester and Lewis. Emmanuel Lewis, very interesting, on the one block on West\nBroad Street where there were four stores with families living ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"overhead there\nwas H. Kravitz grocer, whose son Aaron, and only child incidentally became a\nlawyer. Aaron Kravtiz's daughter Phyllis was the first female Superior Court\nJustice Judge in Georgia. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Emmanuel Lewis, became judge of the municipal court,\nand the police court- was very popular, well-liked, his son is Harris Lewis is\nnow a probate judge, and H. Sol Clark, I became a lawyer also and judge and from\nthat ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"block of four merchants, the other one was Mr. Wanakee, a German baker, the\nthree Jewish families produced the judges. I happen to have been the first Jew\nin the history of Georgia to be named as an appellate judge and I'm very proud\nof that. My ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"appointment came from Jimmy Carter when he was judge. I served, as I\nwas supposed to, till the retirement age of seventy, and then returned to practice.\n\nWhen we were living on West Broad Street, in the apartment over Maple Street,\nand I think this is very interesting, my very best friend-- I played with the\nBlack boys, of course I would go in through the Jewish Educational Alliance\nwhich was the unifying center for the Jews of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Savannah. When I lived there my\nvery best friend was a Black boy who had very light-colored skin, so he was\nknown as Yellow, and I never remember now his last name, but I had the unusual\nexperience which really remains in my memory and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"often I tell the story. Of\ncourse, I had lived in the Black area all through the years until 1923 actually,\nso my teenage years were spent with Black friends, as well as of course others.\nBut I had just finished the Bar, I had become a lawyer and in my first summer,\nin those ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"days the Jewish families tried to go to Tybee for the summer, and there\nwas a large Jewish neighborhood down there, many of them began there because\ntheir doctors would recommend Tybee for the children, and Jewish families of\ncourse always want to take care of their children.\n\nTo come back to my experience which is burned in my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"memory, my first summer home\nas a lawyer, being in practice. I'll explain about that later. I was driving\ninto Savannah from Tybee when the bridge opened and I had to stop behind a truck\nthat contained the prisoners from the Chain Gang, they of course worked on the\nroads in those ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"days. And so I was sitting at the wheel of my car when one of the\nyoung men in the Chain Gang group waved to me and said \"Hey Solomon\" that's what\nI was always called as I was growing up, and I wondered who could that be and I\ngot out of my car and I went over to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him and I said \"You called me Solomon, who\nwould you be?\" and he said \"Don't you recognize me, I'm your friend, Yellow\". He\nwas my boyhood chum who had been so close to me, we had never had any further\ncontact during my college years. Nevertheless, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I had obtained an education\nthanks to my parents and the fact that I was able to make loans from people like\nMorris Levy and Sam Blumenthal who had enabled me to complete my college\neducation. I was a lawyer and here was Yellow on the Chain Gang. I often tell\nthat story because it was an experience that made a tremendous impression upon\nme in my own life.\n\nNow to come back - I went to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Benedictine for four years and the reason I went to\nBenedictine was I had never thought that I was going there, because I mentioned\nearlier, it was still supposedly a school for bad boys even though it had good\nstudents, kids like Sam Rosen who was then attending Benedictine, or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BC as it\nwas called. My parents, as I explained were immigrants were visited by a priest\nfrom Benedictine, in fact the principal. He told my parents, \"you've got to send\nyour son to BC, because at the high school he would not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"get as good an education\nas he will from the priests\", so that's how I went to BC. And even a more\nstriking experience, because my parents did not know too much what should be\ndone- but my experience at Benedictine was very good for me, I happened to\ngraduate as an honor graduate with the result that I had my picture in the\nnewspaper. Where all the Jewish boys were going to Georgia and Georgia Tech, I\nhad planned to go to University of Georgia. My parents were visited ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the\nPrincipal, Father Rayfield, who said to my parents, \"nowadays the Northern\ncolleges are far superior to Southern colleges\". Now that's no longer true, but\nin those days it was. As a result of his recommendation to my parents, I went to\nCornell. Now when I went to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cornell, I intended always-- the practice, I was\ntold that I could make this from a personal point of view I always wanted to\nreturn to Savannah, but I was told during the six years that I went to Cornell,\ninvariably every time I'd be home during the summer and I'd go talk to lawyers\nand friends and merchants and so forth, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they would say there's no\nopportunity here in Savannah- you've got to go either to Atlanta, New York, or\nsome big city like that. So when I graduated in 1930, I was right in the midst\nof the Depression. I tried to get a job in New York and failed, and tried to get\na job in Atlanta and failed, went to the various offices in Savannah and\ninvariably they want to ask who your family ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are, or is, members of family, what\nyour reputation would be from the family standpoint. That is the big firms, the\nso-called aristocratic firms. The others would always ask what business can you\nbring in, this being, my graduation was in 1930. Fortunately for me I went into\nthe office of one of the greatest men I've ever known- he was not Jewish- Gordon\nSaussy who was then mayor of Savannah and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he graduated from Cornell so I had the\ntemerity to ask him for a place in his office. In those days you were not paid a\nsalary but you were given office space, a secretary and so forth, free of charge\nand I went to Mr. Saussy and two years later he became probate judge and I was\ninvited by the firm of Heston Lewis to join them as a full partner. It was a\nvery happy relationship because Emanuel Lewis had always been one of my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"guides\nand gods.\n\nNow I must tell you probably the greatest influence in my life, with all due\nrespect, I think it was the Jewish Educational Alliance. Earlier I said that it\nwas a unifying influence to the Jewish community. That and Hitler created a\ncomplete Jewish community where we talked in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"terms of trying to help other Jews.\nActually, as I was growing up, during the war years first there was a YMHA\nbuilding that was a very large building that is still on the northeast corner of\nHarris and Bull ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Street. I went there- it had leadership local young men, but it\ndid not have the professional guidance that later came. The Jewish Educational\nAlliance had been originally opened as a community center. All during my boyhood\nyears I had been told that the reason for the creation of the Jewish Educational\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Alliance was the fact that Rabbi Solomon, George Solomon of the Temple Mickve\nIsrael who was just one of Savannah's men, and all of us benefited from his\nRabbinate as well as his leadership of the community. Rabbi Solomon had been in\njuvenile ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"court during a hearing in which a young Jewish girl was involved- I\nnever knew who it was- he undertook with the aid of others of course, but he\nprovided the leadership to begin the creation of the Jewish Educational Alliance\nand the building was built on the corner of Charleton and Barnard Street facing\nthe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"square. That was for all the Jewish boys and particularly myself.\n\nI mentioned the Jewish Educational Alliance, the JE Alliance was our home away\nfrom home. As I mentioned earlier, all of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"merchants, they were generally\nsmall Jewish stores.\n\nI cannot emphasize too much the influence that the JEA ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"played in my life and in\nthe lives of all of my generation, boys and girls. What happened was, during\nWorld War I, the Alliance because of lack of funds had to close up and then\nbecame a public school for a short period of time until the Jewish community\njoined ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"together, I mentioned earlier of course there were the two separate\ngroups, Reform and Orthodox, and raised the funds under the leadership of Morris\nLoughton, Louis Waites, Rabbi Solomon, Jay Kazan ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and were able to reopen the JEA\nduring my boyhood years. Like all of the other boys of my generation, we spent\nmore time at the JEA than we did- that is in the building that was later sold\nfirst to the Salvation Army but then sold to Savannah ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"College of Art and Design,\nwhich now owns the building. That building was really a home to all the boys and\ngirls of my generation. There were the boys clubs, the girls clubs, the men's\nclub and the women's club; there was the HGH Society, there was the Workman's\nCircle, all had meetings there. The Workman's Circle I did not have much\nrelationship ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with they were the small merchants, many of them were immigrants\nbut they were instrumental in helping the unified shoemakers, there were a few\nshoemakers in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Savannah, Ann Wolinsky leather findings, a wholesaler really-- At\none time I was told that there were 57 shoe repair shops in Savannah and all of\nthem were either owned by Jews in West Broad Street and all through the city, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or\nby small Negro merchants.\n\nTo come back to the JEA, William Pinsker was brought here to become the second\ndirector. He was truly responsible for the influence of the JEA upon boys. I\nfeel that it was the greatest influence in my life directly because I\nparticipated in what was known as ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Efficiency Contest and I won the first two\ncontests and it really inspired me because I was not athletic, we always looked\nat athletes as teenagers, so it really meant a great deal to my own development.\nI've always been grateful to the JEA for providing a home away from home.\n\nMy family lived here, naturally they were operating the store, my father and\nmother ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"both. I had two sisters, one named Anna, the other named Celia, neither\nof them wanted to go to college, but finished high school. Both married men away\nfrom Savannah, but we had a happy family. Later while we still operated the\nstore on Maple and West Broad ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Street, we moved from the apartment over the store\nto 36th Street. It was quite interesting that we lived at 36th and Montgomery\nand it was in a neighborhood that was occupied principally by Jewish families.\nThe Sloughton family lived in the Whitaker Street, the Faulk family lived next\ndoor to the Sloughton's. Across the street from where we lived there was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the\nBalblasky family, the Sam Freidman family, the Abe Shapiro family, and then in\nour block there was the Blair family, the Hersch family, the Dr. Louis Freidman\nfamily, the Aarons family, and our family. Across the street there was the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Wolinsky family and the Weil family.\n\nI decided as a young lawyer that I wanted to repay the Jewish Educational\nAlliance for what it had done in my growth and development, and what it meant to\nme. I immediately began taking an active part, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"became leader of the various boys\nclubs, on the Board of Directors. We were having a hard time in those Depression\nYears with the JEA because people were having difficulty meeting their personal\nobligations and so they had to watch every penny, but somehow or another the\nAlliance kept going. While Pinsker left, he got a better job ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"elsewhere, we then\nhad Rabbi Jerome Leibowitz for a while. He had been brought here by a group that\nhad been organized by Aaron Kravitz to have a conservative synagogue. Later in\nthe merger with AA, which originally was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"small congregation that met\nprincipally on the High Holidays, and yet later had a small building on\nMontgomery Street, near the old B.B. Jacob building.\n\nNow to come back to my own activities, Rabbi Leibowitz had taken this job, as\nexecutive director of the Alliance as an interim job when he was able to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"return\nto the Rabbinate. We needed an executive director but we couldn't pay very much\nand so I proposed the name of Matilda Shapiro. Matilda Shapiro was then in\nAtlanta where she was then working for the Southern Israelite, writing articles\nand so forth. She had worked for Rich's, had graduated from Birnau University\nafter she graduated from Savannah High School in 1924. When I had proposed her\nname even though she had had no ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"experience in running a community institution\nthe board thought it was just wonderful if I could prevail upon her to come back\nto Savannah and take this job. Well, I had of course through the years been in\nlove with her, she was a neighbor on 36th Street living two doors away from me,\nand made the very best chocolate fudge that was ever made by anybody- every\nSaturday night we would have fudge that she would make. At any rate, I prevailed\nupon her to come ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"back to Savannah and she took the job at 80 dollars a month- it\nwas 5 every day except Saturday, six days a week, 80 dollars a month. And yet\nbecause of the Depression she was able to live on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it. As Vice-President, I had\nto make sure she got home safely every night- her hours were 10 in the morning\nto 10 at night- so every night I would be able to take her home, and we\neventually married. At that time the Board saw fit, it was a couple of years in\n1933 we married, she continued working of course, because they increased her\nsalary to 100 dollars a month, which enabled me to continue supporting my family\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who needed my help, and at the same time carry my obligations as a husband.\nWe've now been married 63 and a half years.\n\nProbably the most unifying experience of all for the Jewish community here and\neverywhere else was the rise of the Hitler years. When Hitler took over in\nGermany, it was unbelievable, none of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"us really believed that the German people,\nwho were a civilized people, could be preforming as a nation the cruelties upon\nthe Jewish people, just because of their religion that they disclosed and\nfought. During those years, the Jewish community just joined together- it was no\nlonger the . . . that had previously ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"existed between the Reform and the\nConservatives- that had to grow also the Jewish community itself continued\nalthough there was the rise of chain stores. Many of my generation became\ndoctors, lawyers, dentists, CPA's. It's very interesting because those are\nprofessions where individual's worth is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"needed. I became a partner of Brannan,\nClark, and Hester, after Judge Lewis became the judge of the municipal court. My\npartner Joe Hester died, we had a partnership of 28 years until I went on the\nbench in 1970 on the appointment of Governor Carter.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Throughout my 90 years of life in Savannah, we have not had any difficulties\nbetween Blacks and Jews- we've always had a good community respect, even though\nthat was not the use of the . . . and even though stores like Levy's, and\nAdler's had to be integrated, in the end it was done peacefully, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the turmoil\nexisted in other cities. We did have one very sad experience. When Martin Luther\nKing Jr. was assassinated, somehow or another there was this craze among certain\nBlacks who set fire to stores, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and one of the stores the burned that night was\nthe Yachum \u0026 Yachum Department store on West Broad Street. This was a store that\nhad served the Blacks well, and while it was Jewish owned, it had 25 employees\nwho were Black. And they of course lost their jobs because Yachum \u0026 Yachum went\nout of business at that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time. The Jewish community in Savannah has been highly\nregarded, I mentioned earlier it had been that recognition of three religions.\nNow of course the Blacks began to exert their proper power, and while we do not\nhave in effect a Jewish politician or leader, we had leaders but it's not the\nsame ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thing when you had recognition, now it's more merit than religion. But we\nfind the Jewish men and women of course have been highly regarded. Matt as an\nexample was the first Jewish woman, Matilda Shapiro Clark, in the State of\nGeorgia to be named to a state board when ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/transcript/18737/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Governor Carl Sanders had named her to\nthe State Board of Family and Child Services. I think that's about all I can\ntell you right now, do you want to ask any questions?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=2730.0,2760.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/annotation_set/118","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/annotation_set/118/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: Day of Atonement] is the most sacred day of the Jewish year. \u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e is a 25-hour fast day. Most of the day is spent in prayer, reciting \u003cem\u003eyizkor\u003c/em\u003e for deceased relatives, confessing sins, requesting divine forgiveness, and listening to \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e readings and sermons. People greet each other with the wish that they may be sealed in the heavenly book for a good year ahead. The day ends with the blowing of the \u003cem\u003eshofar\u003c/em\u003e (a ram’s horn).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/annotation_set/118/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRosh Ha-Shanah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: head of the year; i.e. New Year festival] begins the cycle of High Holy Days. It introduces the Ten Days of Penitence, when Jews examine their souls and take stock of their actions. On the tenth day is \u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e, the Day of Atonement. The tradition is that on \u003cem\u003eRosh Ha-Shanah\u003c/em\u003e, G-d sits in judgment on humanity. Then the fate of every living creature is inscribed in the Book of Life or Death. Prayer and repentance before the sealing of the books on \u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e may revoke these decisions.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/annotation_set/118/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAhavath Achim Congregation (often referred to as “AA”) was organized in 1886 as Congregation Ahawas Achim (Brotherly Love) and is Atlanta’s second oldest Jewish congregation. Organized by Jews of Eastern European descent, the congregation’s founding members felt uncomfortable in the established Hebrew Benevolent Congregation (The Temple) comprised primarily of Jews from Germany, who by the late 1800s had begun to liberal Ahavath Achim ize their Orthodox doctrine.  Originally located in a rented room at 106 Gilmer Street, the congregation would make a succession of moves, to 120 Gilmer Street, to a hall on Decatur Street in 1895, to its first building in 1901 on the corner of Gilmer Street and Piedmont Avenue, to its second building on Washington Street in 1921, and finally, to its present location on Peachtree Battle Avenue in 1958. Four different Rabbis, Rabbi Mayerovitz (1901 – 1905); Rabbi Joseph Meyer Levine (1905) – 1915); Rabbi Yood (1915 – 1919); and Rabbi A.P. Hirmes (1919 – 1928) provided spiritual leadership for Ahavath Achim until 1928, when Rabbi Harry H. Epstein was hired as Rabbi.  He retained that position for the next 50 years. Rabbi Epstein became Rabbi Emeritus in 1986 and was succeeded by Rabbi Arnold Goodman. During the early years of Rabbi Epstein’s tenure, he slowly made innovations and modifications in congregational activities. By 1952, Ahavath Achim joined the Conservative Movement, with the most noticeable shift from Orthodoxy being the gradual change to mixed seating. Today, Ahavath Achim Congregation is the largest Conservative congregation in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/annotation_set/118/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCongregation B’nai B’rith Jacob (often called B. B. Jacob) is an Orthodox congregation in Savannah, Georgia. It was organized in 1861 under the leadership of Rabbi Jacob Rosenfeld, establishing a place of worship in Amory Hall in Savannah, Georgia. In 1866, when the membership increased, a frame building was erected on the northeast corner of State and Montgomery Streets. Its current building at 5444 Abercorn St was built in 1965.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/annotation_set/118/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe two High Holy Days are \u003cem\u003eRosh Ha-Shanah\u003c/em\u003e (Jewish New Year) and \u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e (Day of Atonement).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/annotation_set/118/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSavannah High School was originally located on Washington Avenue between East and West Atlantic Avenues. The original building, built by the WPA and designed by William Bordley Clarke, Sr., was once the largest public school building in the United States. Savannah High School’s campus is now located at 400 Pennsylvania Avenue.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/annotation_set/118/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBenedictine Military School is a Roman Catholic military high school for boys located in Savannah, Georgia. It was originally established as Benedictine College in 1902, hence the nickname “BC”. In 1963, the school moved to its current campus located on Seawright Drive in Savannah. Military schools, or military academies, are private schools organized following some of the procedures of military life.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/annotation_set/118/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Georgia (UGA) was chartered by the state of Georgia in 1785 and is known as the birthplace of high education in America. UGA is Georgia’s flagship institution and is recognized for its commitment to student excellence through an emphasis on rigorous learning experiences both inside and outside the classroom.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/annotation_set/118/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJames Earl “Jimmy” Carter Jr. (1924-  ) was the 39th President of the United States from 1977 to 1981.  He was a Democrat.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/annotation_set/118/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Educational Alliance (JEA) in Savannah, Georgia was chartered August 2, 1912 to meet the leisure and Americanization needs of the Jewish community in Savannah. In the original charter, objectives were outlined for promoting the English language and for providing a building for such endeavors as a kindergarten, a library, classes promoting domestic and professional skills and recreation. In 1914, two years after the original charter, the JEA leased a building on the northeast corner of Barnard and Harris streets. The JEA opened its own structure January 27, 1916, located at 328 Barnard Street at the corner of Barnard and Charlton streets. World War I disrupted activities, but after the war, the JEA had become a strong social force in the Jewish community offering family nights, dances, socials, plays, contests, lectures, concerts and sports. The JEA also offered social services such as transient relief, unemployment and social case work that were later taken over by the Savannah Jewish Council, now the Savannah Jewish Federation. In December 1950, the JEA purchased 11 acres on Abercorn Street just north of DeRenne Avenue for their second building which opened in the spring of 1955.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/annotation_set/118/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTybee Island is a barrier island and small city near Savannah, Georgia. It's known for its wide, sandy beaches, including South Beach, with a pier and pavilion. In the island's north, Fort Screven has 19th century concrete gun batteries and the Tybee Island Light Station and Museum. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/annotation_set/118/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCornell University is a private Ivy League university in Ithaca, New York. It was founded in 1865, and intended to teach and make contributions in all fields of knowledge, from the classics to the sciences. It currently has 1,600 academic staff members, with nearly 14,000 undergraduate students and about 7,000 graduate students. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/annotation_set/118/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The time of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries it started in about 1929 and lasted until the late 1930’s or early 1940’s. It was the longest, most widespread, and deepest depression of the twentieth century. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/annotation_set/118/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Young Men’s Hebrew Association was set up in various cities of the United States for the mental, moral, social and physical improvement of Jewish young men.  The first YMHA was started in New York in 1874 and spread across the country in the following years.  They still exist today and are more like social clubs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/annotation_set/118/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMickve Israel in Savannah, Georgia is one the oldest congregations in the United States.  Sephardic immigrants from London who arrived in the new colony in 1733 originally organized it. The original synagogue was granted a charter in 1799 by General James Edward Oglethorpe, who established the colony of Georgia for England in 1732.  In the late nineteenth century it began to shift to Reform Judaism.   The current building was consecrated in 1858.  The actual synagogue building was built on a plot of land given to the congregation by the city of Savannah.  The cemetery, however, was established in 1733 on a plot of land given to the congregation by James Oglethorpe in the name of King George III. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/annotation_set/118/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSavannah College of Art and Design (SCAD) is a private art school with locations in Savannah, Georgia, Atlanta, Georgia, and Lacoste, France. SCAD was founded in 1978 to provide degrees in programs not yet offered in the southeast of the United States. The university enrolls more than 13,000 students from across the United States and around the world, with international students comprising up to 14 percent of the student population. SCAD is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges and other professional accrediting bodies.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/annotation_set/118/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Arbeiter Ring (Workmen's Circle) is a Yiddish language-oriented American-Jewish organization committed to social justice, Jewish community and Ashkenazi culture.  It provides old age homes for its aging members, as well as schools, camps, affordable health insurance and programs of concerts, lectures and holiday celebrations.  It was founded in 1900 and was strongly socialist politically.  It has moved more to the right on the American political spectrum in modern times.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/annotation_set/118/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Southern Israelite was a temple bulletin created in 1925 by Rabbi H. Straus in Augusta, Ga. After moving to Atlanta in the 1930’s, it became a weekly edition, focusing on issues of Jewish populations in both the Southern United States, and the world. The newspaper changed its name in 1987 to the Atlanta Jewish Times.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/annotation_set/118/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAdolf Hitler (1889-1945) was a German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and Führer (“leader”) of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator of Nazi Germany, he initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939 and was a central figure of the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdolf Hitler applied for entrance into the Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna, Austria twice and was twice rejected, once in 1907 and again in 1908. For the next five years, Hitler struggled to earn money by selling small paintings, mostly images of buildings and other landmarks in Vienna that he copied from postcards. By 1914, Hitler was serving in World War I and would later enter politics. In his autobiographical manifesto, Mein Kampf, Hitler claimed that his antisemitic views formed during his time as a struggling artist in Vienna. His frustrated art career became part of the myth making—by Hitler himself and by his followers—that helped drive his fateful rise to power in Germany.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/annotation_set/118/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCarl Edward Sanders (1925-2014) served at the 74th governor of Georgia from 1963 to 1967.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=2730.0,2760.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/index/47200","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Clark, Sol [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/index/47200/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family History and Growing Up","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=30.0,412.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/index/47200/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was born in 1906 and I recently observed my ninetieth birthday at the last of December. I was born in Savannah; my father came over with a brother-in-law Iab Raskin. My father's name was Sam Clark.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=30.0,412.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/index/47200/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Brian Street","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Laurel Grove Cemetery","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Magnolia Street","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Savannah, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Vitebsk, Russia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=30.0,412.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/index/47200/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews in Savannah","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=412.0,940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/index/47200/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All during the years until Hitler, there was a let's say two independent groups there were the reform the . . . and B.B. Jacob, there was also a small group, alter Orthodox that was originally A.A., Ahavath Achim, which later became conservative of course.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=412.0,940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/index/47200/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Congregation Ahavath Achim","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Congregation B'nai B'rith Jacob","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hebrew","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Orthodox","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Reform","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=412.0,940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/index/47200/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Going to School","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=940.0,1185.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/index/47200/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I first went to Chatham grammar school which was on Oglethorpe Avenue. The eastern part of the school was the grammar school, the western part was the Savannah High School. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=940.0,1185.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/index/47200/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Benedictine Military School","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chatham Grammar School","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Savannah High School","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=940.0,1185.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/index/47200/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Making History as a Judge","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1185.0,1438.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/index/47200/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I happen to have been the first Jew in the history of Georgia to be named as an appellate judge and I'm very proud of that.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1185.0,1438.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/index/47200/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Appellate Judge","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1185.0,1438.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/index/47200/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Going to Benedictine Military School and Higher Education","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1438.0,1609.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/index/47200/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I went to Benedictine for four years and the reason I went to Benedictine was I had never thought that I was going there, because I mentioned earlier, it was still supposedly a school for bad boys even though it had good students, kids like Sam Rosen who was then attending Benedictine, or BC as it was called.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1438.0,1609.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/index/47200/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BC","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Benedictine Military School","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cornell","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"University of Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1438.0,1609.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/index/47200/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Getting a Job","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1609.0,1678.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/index/47200/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So when I graduated in 1930, I was right in the midst of the Depression. I tried to get a job in New York and failed, and tried to get a job in Atlanta and failed, went to the various offices in Savannah and invariably they want to ask who your family are, or is, members of family, what your reputation would be from the family standpoint.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1609.0,1678.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/index/47200/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gordon Saussy","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Savannah, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Great Depression","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1609.0,1678.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/index/47200/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Educational Alliance","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1678.0,2583.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/index/47200/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now I must tell you probably the greatest influence in my life, with all due respect, I think it was the Jewish Educational Alliance. Earlier I said that it was a unifying influence to the Jewish community.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1678.0,2583.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/index/47200/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"HGH Society","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JEA","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Educational Alliance","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rabbi Solomon George","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Great Depression","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"William Pinsker","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Workman's Circle","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=1678.0,2583.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/index/47200/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Relationship Between Jews and Blacks in Savannah","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=2583.0,2745.65225"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/index/47200/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Throughout my 90 years of life in Savannah, we have not had any difficulties between Blacks and Jews- we've always had a good community respect.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=2583.0,2745.65225"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301/index/47200/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Martin Luther King, Jr.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yachum \u0026 Yachum Department Store","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29513/file/97301#t=2583.0,2745.65225"}]}]}]}