{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/sb3ws8kb71/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Kurtz, Carol and Paul"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2002-03-24 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Kurtz, Carol Porter (Interviewee)","Kurtz, Paul (Interviewee)","Burt, Sparer (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Congregation Children of Israel Oral History Project"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eCarol and Paul Kurtz were interviewed by Burt Sparer on March 24, 2002, in Athens, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eCarol Porter Kurtz was born in Chattanooga, Tennessee in 1949​​. She is one of three girls born to Murray and Muriel Goldstein Porter. Her parents were born in New York City and moved to Tennessee where her father became an optometrist. Carol grew up in a Conservative-Orthodox home and was involved in NCSY, formerly known as the National Conference of Synagogue Youth. She attended Vanderbilt University’s Peabody College and studied special education.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003ePaul Kurtz was born in Spring Valley, New York in 1946. He is the only boy of three children born to Louis and Helen Mechanic Kurtz. His father was a purchasing agent before becoming involved in politics and serving as mayor of Spring Valley. Paul grew up in New York, moving South to attend Vanderbilt University where he met Carol. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eCarol taught special education in Nashville, Tennessee before they moved to Cambridge, Massachusetts where Carol received her master’s degree at Boston College and Paul attended Harvard Law School. Carol taught first grade and ​​Paul taught legal research and writing at Boston College. They then decided to move to Athens, Georgia when Paul was offered a position as a faculty member at the University of Georgia Law School. In Athens, Carol taught at Oglethorpe Avenue Elementary School before she took a break from teaching to raise their son, Benjamin “Benji” Kurtz. Once Benji began kindergarten, Carol resumed teaching at a private school, Athens Academy. In 1991, Paul was named associate dean for academic and student affairs at the University of Georgia Law School, and in 1994, he was named to the J. Alton Hosch professorship. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003ePaul and Carol both became involved in the Athens community through their synagogue, Congregation Children of Israel, and other civic organizations. Carol taught at the school at the temple, became involved in the congregation’s sisterhood, and served as the second female president in the congregation’s history. She has also been involved with the Athens-Clarke Heritage Foundation, now known as Historic Athens. Paul has been involved with B'nai B'rith, the Vanderbilt Law School alumni board, and remains active in Alpha Epsilon Pi. Paul has won two awards during his law career, in addition to the Paul M. Kurtz Distinguished Law Fellowship being established in his honor. Carol and Paul continue to be civically engaged and dedicate their time to the Athens community and Congregation Children of Israel. \u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eThe interview focuses on Carol and Paul’s careers and their involvement in the Athens community and Congregation Children of Israel. The interview begins with Paul discussing how they came to Athens and their careers there. Carol shares how they became involved with Congregation Children of Israel. Carol recounts being asked to teach at the school at the temple and shares her background in education. Carol talks about attending Peabody College and Boston College, her involvement in the Athens community, and the schools she’s taught at in Athens. She shares her involvement in Congregation Children of Israel’s sisterhood, the Athens-Clarke Heritage Foundation, Girl Scouts, and the American Cancer Society. She talks about being the second female president of Congregation Children of Israel in the temple’s history. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003ePaul shares where he grew up, attending school at Vanderbilt University, and his early career while attending law school. Paul discusses his law career, working for a federal judge and moving to Athens to teach at the University of Georgia Law School. He shares a story about being awarded the J. Alton Hosch professorship. He talks about his civic involvement in Athens, including B'nai B'rith, food banks, the Vanderbilt University General Alumni board, and American Humane. He discusses the books he has written on law. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003ePaul and Carol talk about their son, Benji. Paul discusses where he went to school, college, and what he does for a living. Paul and Carol both share their family history and genealogy. Carol talks about where her grandparents immigrated from, where her father went to school, and how her family ended up in the South. Paul talks about his family history, and shares that his maternal grandfather deserted the Imperial Russian Army. He talks about his family settling in New York and New Jersey. Carol and Paul are asked for their thoughts on intermarriage, Carol expresses some concern but Paul talks about being more optimistic. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003ePaul shares what he’s done that makes him especially proud to be Jewish. He talks about attending college in Nashville in 1964 and being the first Jewish person that many people had ever met. He shares what his parents did for a living and talks about his dad serving as mayor of Spring Valley, New York. Carol recounts the antisemitism she experienced growing up and as an adult in Athens. Paul reflects on the antisemitism he’s experienced and discusses phrases that are derogatory but are so integrated into language that many people don’t realize they are offensive. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003ePaul and Carol share their concerns about American life and culture, Paul expresses his concern about the growing gap between the upper and lower classes and how politics affects that. Carol expresses concern about urban sprawl and areas outside of Athens becoming increasingly commercialized. They reflect on influential people in their lives. Paul describes the influence of his parents, and his mother’s direction to attend school in the South which changed his life. He also mentions the influence of Judge Harry Phillips on his career. Carol also talks about the influence of her parents and growing up in a Conservative-Orthodox home. Carol also reflects on the influence of her friend, Marilyn Gootman, who was important to Carol in helping raise her son. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003ePaul and Carol talk about being affiliated with Congregation Children of Israel, Paul shares that he was not affiliated with a synagogue growing up and Carol talks about the Orthodox synagogue her father helped start. Paul and Carol are asked what questions they would like to ask Athens Jewish community members 200 years from now. Carol shares that she would like to know if people are more accepting and what the congregation is like. Paul shares that he would have a similar question as Carol. \u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Abroms, Evelyn Pearlman (1906-1990) (personal name)","Bush, President George Herbert Walker (1924-2018) (personal name)","Bush, President George Walker (b. 1946) (personal name)","Cohn, Sigmund A. (1898-1997) (personal name)","Cohn, Suzanne Levy (1902-1987) (personal name)","Deutsch, Rabbi Morton (1910-1980) (personal name)","Gootman, Dr. Marilyn E. (personal name)","Hosch, John Alton (1903-1980) (personal name)","Kurtz, Benjamin “Benji” (b. 1976) (personal name)","Kurtz, Helen Mechanic (personal name)","Kurtz, Louis (personal name)","Mendel, Eric (1906-2004) (personal name)","Phillips, Judge Harry (1909-1985) (personal name)","Porter, Muriel Goldstein (personal name)","Porter, Murray (personal name)","Raskind, Rabbi Fred (personal name)","Reagan, President Ronald (1911-2004) (personal name)","Reines, Dr. Mervin (1918-2005) (personal name)","Reines, Shirley Finkelstein (1921-2014) (personal name)","Schwartz, Helene (b. 1948) (personal name)","Siegel, Herbert (1926-2017) (personal name)","Siegel, Rhea Spiro (1927-2023) (personal name)","Sparer, Burton “Burt” (1925-2011) (personal name)","Alpha Epsilon Pi (corporate name)","American Cancer Society (corporate name)","American Humane (corporate name)","Association of American Law Schools (corporate name)","Athens Academy (corporate name)","Athens-Clarke Heritage Foundation (corporate name)","B'nai B'rith International (corporate name)","Boston College (corporate name)","Community Connection of Northeast Georgia (corporate name)","Congregation Children of Israel (corporate name)","Emory University (corporate name)","Girl Scouts (corporate name)","Gwinnett Place Mall (corporate name)","Harvard Law School (corporate name)","Historic Athens (corporate name)","Junior League (corporate name)","The League of Women Voters (corporate name)","National Conference of Synagogue Youth (NCSY) (corporate name)","Oglethorpe Elementary School (corporate name)","The Southern College of Optometry (corporate name)","University of Georgia (corporate name)","University of Georgia Law School (corporate name)","Vanderbilt Peabody College (corporate name)","Vanderbilt University (corporate name)","The William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum (corporate name)","Athens, Georgia (geographic term)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","Austria (geographic term)","Baxter Street (geographic term)","Boston, Massachusetts (geographic term)","Cambridge, Massachusetts (geographic term)","Chattanooga, Tennessee (geographic term)","China (geographic term)","Fort Walton Beach, Florida (geographic term)","Jackson, Mississippi (geographic term)","Memphis, Tennessee (geographic term)","Nashville, Tennessee (geographic term)","New Jersey (geographic term)","New York City, New York (geographic term)","Poland (geographic term)","Rockland County (geographic term)","Russia (geographic term)","Siberia, Russia (geographic term)","Spring Valley, New York (geographic term)","Washington, D.C. (geographic term)","Antisemitism (topical term)","The Civil Rights Movement (named event)","Vietnam War (named event)","World War II (named event)","bar mitzvah (other)","Conservative Judaism (other)","Imperial Russian Army (other)","Intermarriage (other)","Hebrew school (other)","J. Alton Hosch professorship (other)","Jewish education (other)","Oneg (other)","Orthodox Judaism (other)","Reform Judaism (other)","Sisterhood (other)","Sunday School (other)","Tay-Sachs disease (other)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eCarol and Paul Kurtz were interviewed by Burt Sparer on March 24, 2002, in Athens, Georgia.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCarol Porter Kurtz was born in Chattanooga, Tennessee in 1949​​. She is one of three girls born to Murray and Muriel Goldstein Porter. Her parents were born in New York City and moved to Tennessee where her father became an optometrist. Carol grew up in a Conservative-Orthodox home and was involved in NCSY, formerly known as the National Conference of Synagogue Youth. She attended Vanderbilt University\u0026rsquo;s Peabody College and studied special education.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003ePaul Kurtz was born in Spring Valley, New York in 1946. He is the only boy of three children born to Louis and Helen Mechanic Kurtz. His father was a purchasing agent before becoming involved in politics and serving as mayor of Spring Valley. Paul grew up in New York, moving South to attend Vanderbilt University where he met Carol.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eCarol taught special education in Nashville, Tennessee before they moved to Cambridge, Massachusetts where Carol received her master\u0026rsquo;s degree at Boston College and Paul attended Harvard Law School. Carol taught first grade and ​​Paul taught legal research and writing at Boston College. They then decided to move to Athens, Georgia when Paul was offered a position as a faculty member at the University of Georgia Law School. In Athens, Carol taught at Oglethorpe Avenue Elementary School before she took a break from teaching to raise their son, Benjamin \u0026ldquo;Benji\u0026rdquo; Kurtz. Once Benji began kindergarten, Carol resumed teaching at a private school, Athens Academy. In 1991, Paul was named associate dean for academic and student affairs at the University of Georgia Law School, and in 1994, he was named to the J. Alton Hosch professorship.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003ePaul and Carol both became involved in the Athens community through their synagogue, Congregation Children of Israel, and other civic organizations. Carol taught at the school at the temple, became involved in the congregation\u0026rsquo;s sisterhood, and served as the second female president in the congregation\u0026rsquo;s history. She has also been involved with the Athens-Clarke Heritage Foundation, now known as Historic Athens. Paul has been involved with B'nai B'rith, the Vanderbilt Law School alumni board, and remains active in Alpha Epsilon Pi. Paul has won two awards during his law career, in addition to the Paul M. Kurtz Distinguished Law Fellowship being established in his honor. Carol and Paul continue to be civically engaged and dedicate their time to the Athens community and Congregation Children of Israel.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe interview focuses on Carol and Paul\u0026rsquo;s careers and their involvement in the Athens community and Congregation Children of Israel. The interview begins with Paul discussing how they came to Athens and their careers there. Carol shares how they became involved with Congregation Children of Israel. Carol recounts being asked to teach at the school at the temple and shares her background in education. Carol talks about attending Peabody College and Boston College, her involvement in the Athens community, and the schools she\u0026rsquo;s taught at in Athens. She shares her involvement in Congregation Children of Israel\u0026rsquo;s sisterhood, the Athens-Clarke Heritage Foundation, Girl Scouts, and the American Cancer Society. She talks about being the second female president of Congregation Children of Israel in the temple\u0026rsquo;s history.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003ePaul shares where he grew up, attending school at Vanderbilt University, and his early career while attending law school. Paul discusses his law career, working for a federal judge and moving to Athens to teach at the University of Georgia Law School. He shares a story about being awarded the J. Alton Hosch professorship. He talks about his civic involvement in Athens, including B'nai B'rith, food banks, the Vanderbilt University General Alumni board, and American Humane. He discusses the books he has written on law.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003ePaul and Carol talk about their son, Benji. Paul discusses where he went to school, college, and what he does for a living. Paul and Carol both share their family history and genealogy. Carol talks about where her grandparents immigrated from, where her father went to school, and how her family ended up in the South. Paul talks about his family history, and shares that his maternal grandfather deserted the Imperial Russian Army. He talks about his family settling in New York and New Jersey. Carol and Paul are asked for their thoughts on intermarriage, Carol expresses some concern but Paul talks about being more optimistic.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003ePaul shares what he\u0026rsquo;s done that makes him especially proud to be Jewish. He talks about attending college in Nashville in 1964 and being the first Jewish person that many people had ever met. He shares what his parents did for a living and talks about his dad serving as mayor of Spring Valley, New York. Carol recounts the antisemitism she experienced growing up and as an adult in Athens. Paul reflects on the antisemitism he\u0026rsquo;s experienced and discusses phrases that are derogatory but are so integrated into language that many people don\u0026rsquo;t realize they are offensive.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003ePaul and Carol share their concerns about American life and culture, Paul expresses his concern about the growing gap between the upper and lower classes and how politics affects that. Carol expresses concern about urban sprawl and areas outside of Athens becoming increasingly commercialized. They reflect on influential people in their lives. Paul describes the influence of his parents, and his mother\u0026rsquo;s direction to attend school in the South which changed his life. He also mentions the influence of Judge Harry Phillips on his career. Carol also talks about the influence of her parents and growing up in a Conservative-Orthodox home. Carol also reflects on the influence of her friend, Marilyn Gootman, who was important to Carol in helping raise her son.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003ePaul and Carol talk about being affiliated with Congregation Children of Israel, Paul shares that he was not affiliated with a synagogue growing up and Carol talks about the Orthodox synagogue her father helped start. Paul and Carol are asked what questions they would like to ask Athens Jewish community members 200 years from now. Carol shares that she would like to know if people are more accepting and what the congregation is like. Paul shares that he would have a similar question as Carol.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Kurtz__Paul_and_Carol_hifi.wav"]},"duration":3625.7407,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/248/351/original/Kurtz__Paul_and_Carol_hifi.wav?1724088535","type":"Audio","format":"audio/wav","duration":3625.7407,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Kurtz, Carol and Paul [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: This tape is part of the Congregation Children of Israel Legacy Program, organized in 2001, the Jewish Year 5762. I'm Burt Sparer. I'm talking with Paul and Carol Kurtz. It's Sunday, March 24, 2002. Thank you, Paul and Carol, for adding your story to our Temple's legacy. Our purpose is to record the oral history of temple members. We are also asking them to express their views as Jews in our time on important issues, so that future generations of Jews in Athens, Georgia, can know their heritage and add their own stories to it. I'd like to start by asking both of you, when did you come to Athens? What brought you to Athens? What have you done since you've been here? Paul, would you like to start?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=0.0,56.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PAUL KURTZ: We came to Athens in the summer of 1975. July 1, 1975, and we arrived . . . we came to Athens for me to assume a position on the faculty at the University of Georgia Law School. A position I've held in the intervening 27 years. Carol, when we arrived, Carol continued her teaching career. She was teaching elementary school at one of our local public elementary schools. Basically, since then, I have remained with the University of Georgia Law School, progressing through the ranks of the professoriate through those years. Carol basically has taught, although she did take some time off to raise our child, Benjamin, through the first five years of his life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=56.0,117.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: Thank you, Paul. That was a short answer to a long story. I'm going to ask both of you to elaborate a little bit on your careers and some of the particular details that you've done. Let's start with you, Carol.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=117.0,133.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: When we first came here, we found the temple and went one Friday night to services. After services, Shirley Reines and Merv Reines invited back to their house for a little oneg, and they had also invited Herb and Rhea Siegel, and Rabbi [Morton] Deutsch and his wife, Naomi. When the Rabbi found out I was a teacher, he immediately hooked me into teaching in the religious school. Right off the bat, I was part of the religious school faculty and did that for, I would guess about six or seven years. Also helped administrate the religious school when the next rabbi came, Rabbi [Fred] Raskind and . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=133.0,191.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: Let me interrupt by asking you, how was it that you were so well prepared to teach at the religious school?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=191.0,199.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: I got my training in Nashville [Tennessee], where we met at Peabody College for teachers. I taught in Nashville for two years while Paul was in . . . the first year he was finishing up his third year of law school after we were married.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=199.0,218.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: What was your academic background in education?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=218.0,224.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: I have a certificate to teach special education, which I did in Nashville for those two years, and that was for educable retarded children.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=224.0,236.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: What gave you the capacity to teach in the temple Sunday school?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=236.0,244.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: I was brought up in a Jewish home.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=244.0,248.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=248.0,249.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: I was brought up in a Jewish home and went to Hebrew school for many years, was a member of a youth organization which is part of the Orthodox movement, National Conference of Synagogue Youth. I was the chapter president locally and in the region as a teenager, the secretary of the regional movement, and just enjoyed practicing the religion with my family for all those years of growing up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=249.0,279.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: That answers my question about your preparation. Go ahead . . . in addition to your Sunday school teaching here . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=279.0,291.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: As I say, in Nashville, I taught special education. Then we moved up to Cambridge, Massachusetts, where we both went back to school. Paul got his LLM [Master of Laws] at Harvard in Law, and I got my master's as a reading specialist at Boston College and taught a year up there. We stayed one more year, and Paul taught legal research and writing at Boston College. I was able to secure a job as a first grade teacher in a nearby town and just fell in love with first grade. Then we moved to Athens, and I applied with the public schools here and got a job teaching a split fourth, fifth class at Oglethorpe Elementary School. In that spring, when school ended, I was pregnant with our son Benjamin. On the last day of school, I went over to Stork and Tot here in town and bought maternity clothing to celebrate. Then I stayed home with our son for five years, and during those five years, I did a lot of volunteer work for the sisterhood in the temple and continued teaching religious school. We ran a Tay-Sachs disease campaign during that time, and I was president of the sisterhood I think once during that period, and then once again a little later. Then when Benji was five years old, I got a job teaching, and he was ready to start kindergarten. I got a job teaching first grade at Athens Academy, and I've been there ever since. I've been there 20 years, and I've taught . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=291.0,395.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: Athens Academy is a private school?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=395.0,396.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: Private, independent, yes. College preparatory school. I've taught first grade over there, third grade, and now I'm the coordinator of the science center for the preschool and the lower school students. We do hands-on science and it's all very enjoyable. During that time, in the community, I've done a lot of volunteer work. Again, I continue my work with the sisterhood and recently the last few years been in charge of sisterhood programming. I've been active with a historic preservation organization here in town, Athens-Clarke Heritage Foundation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=396.0,438.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: Tell us what that is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=438.0,439.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: It's dedicated to preserving historic properties, culture, and land here in town. I've been a volunteer with that group since we moved into this . . . our third house here in Athens, which was built in 1912. The neighbors invited us to join them in this organization, which we have found to be very enjoyable. Indeed, I am president elect of the organization starting this summer and have worked in various capacities as a volunteer. Also, when I was home with Benjamin those five years, I was on the Northeast Georgia Girl Scout board, and I was very active with the Cancer Society, putting on plays in schools about the problems with smoking and so forth. Let's see . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=439.0,493.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: I'd like to ask you if there's something you . . . Yes, go ahead.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=493.0,497.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: I've also been president of the congregation. I was president of the temple. I think I was only the second woman to be president of the temple. I think that's when our son was probably about 9 or 10 years old, I took that on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=497.0,514.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: Your predecessor as a woman president of the temple was decades ago.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=514.0,519.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: True.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=519.0,521.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: You really established . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=521.0,522.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: Mrs. [Evelyn] Abroms, I believe. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=522.0,523.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: You sort of reestablished a trend.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=523.0,526.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: I hope so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=526.0,530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PAUL KURTZ: Our current president.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=530.0,531.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: Our current president, of course, is a woman, Helene Schwartz. She also reached out to us and other people who moved here early on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=531.0,547.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: Carol, it's hard to top that. You are a woman about town, the likes of whom I've rarely met. Paul, let's dig a little bit into your career. You did a variety of things, I know some in the sports arena prior to coming here, after you've come here, and many other things. Tell us about that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=547.0,568.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PAUL KURTZ: I grew up in, unlike Carol, I did not grow up in the South. I grew up in the North. I grew up in a suburb of New York City.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=568.0,576.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: Where was that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=576.0,577.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PAUL KURTZ: In Spring Valley, New York, which is in Rockland County. My mom still lives in the area, both my sisters and their families live up there. I came south to go to college at Vanderbilt in the fall of 1964 as an undergraduate. Spent four years there, was in the Jewish fraternity at Vanderbilt, the Alpha Epsilon Pi fraternity. Was active in journalism there, worked as sports editor of the school newspaper for two years while I was in college. Then in 1968, in the spring of 1968, I met Carol, who at that time was a freshman at Peabody, that's how we met. Although I had planned to go to law school the following fall, the United States was involved in Vietnam at the time, and it looked as if there was a good chance that I might be drafted. I did not go on to law school after graduation, I stayed out of school for a year. Spent the year working as a sports editor or . . . excuse me, on the newspaper in my hometown of Spring Valley. Spent a lot of time commuting back and forth to Nashville to see Carol. Thereafter, I entered law school at Vanderbilt in Nashville, which is, of course, where I'd also gone to undergraduate school. Carol and I got engaged after my first year and got married after my second year when she had graduated and could support me through my third year of law school.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=577.0,677.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: That's typical.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=677.0,679.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PAUL KURTZ: We then spent an extra year beyond that in Nashville. I clerked for a federal judge. Then, as Carol said, we spent two years in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where we each got graduate degrees and our first jobs. Then in July of 1975, we came to Athens. I began as an assistant professor teaching criminal law, and constitutional law, and family law, and did that for a number of years. Was promoted gradually to associate professor. Then in 1983, I became a full professor, and in 1991, I was named associate dean for academic and student affairs at the law school, which I've been since. In 1994, I was named to a chaired professorship, the J. Alton Hosch professorship. J. Alton Hosch is the name of a former dean, a long time dean of the law school. The irony about that, there is actually a Jewish irony about that, Sigmund Cohn, who was a long time member of the Georgia faculty and the first Jewish member of the University of Georgia faculty, was a good friend of ours. He lived on Southview Drive when we first moved to Athens and he and Suzanne were dear friends of ours. We kept up both of them for the rest of their lives. When I became the J. Alton Hosch Professor, at that time . . . it was towards the end of Sigmund's life, and Sigmund was already at a nursing home. He had told me many stories about J. Alton Hosch, not all favorable, in fact, not any favorable. When I went out to tell him that I had been named to this professorship, and he said, \"What is the name of the professorship?\" I told him, knowing what his reaction would be. He used some words that I'd never heard Sigmund use before, describing J. Alton Hosch as an antisemite. He was sure that somewhere J. Alton Hosch was spinning in his grave knowing that a Jewish professor holds a professorship named after him. I've been active in the community to some extent. Not as much as Carol, I don't think, but I've done my share. I was active for several years with the men's group at the temple, B'nai B'rith group, and at one point, I was an officer of the state organization. At the university, I've been on all kinds of committees and organizations. I was active on the athletic board for a number of years. In the community, I'm a board member of the Northeast Georgia, the Athens area emergency food bank. I've been . . . I'm a member of the board of Community Connection, which is an outreach organization. I'm active in my alma mater, I'm on the visiting . . . on the alumni board of the Vanderbilt Law School for several years. I've recently been named to the Vanderbilt University General Alumni board. I've been active in Alpha Epsilon Pi. I was the attorney advisor here on campus for a number of years and still serve as their scholarship advisor. I've been active within the legal profession, active in . . . the Association of American Law Schools, presently reporter for a statewide committee dealing with Georgia indigent criminal defense. I represent the state of Georgia in the National Conference of Commissioners on the Uniform State Laws.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=679.0,917.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: American Humane.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=917.0,919.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PAUL KURTZ: I'm also on the national executive board of the American Humane Association.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=919.0,925.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: What is that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=925.0,927.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PAUL KURTZ: That's the oldest child protective organization in the United States, it was founded in the late 19th century. It's actually designed to protect both children and animals and many of the Humane Society, the local animal shelters are affiliated with the American Humane Association. The American Humane Association also does a lot of training and auditing of child protective services throughout the country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=927.0,959.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: I know that you've published, what are some of those publications?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=959.0,965.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PAUL KURTZ: I'm the author of a leading book on Georgia criminal law, called Kurtz's Criminal Offenses and Defenses in Georgia. It's now in its fourth edition. It was first published in 1981. I'm also the co-author of one of the leading family law case books that is used in law schools throughout the country, dealing with the subject of family law, which deals with marriage and divorce, and custody and child support, and property division and alimony matters dealing with family, domestic violence. I'm very proud of that. That's in its third edition and we'll begin our fourth edition this summer sometime. I'm also the author of a number of articles in various journals.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=965.0,1019.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: In addition to all this, you're one of the quickest wits we have among the congregation members.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1019.0,1025.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PAUL KURTZ: Actually . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1025.0,1027.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: You've moderated a number of well-done meetings with the congregation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1027.0,1031.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PAUL KURTZ: Thank you. One of my favorite things to do is to have a microphone and a captive audience to listen to me. I have MCed a number of social events over the years, and I do that at the law school too. I'm often called on to speak at those kinds of things. I really rather enjoy it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1031.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: You've got a captured audience now of hundreds and hundreds of people for years and years and years in the future. Thank you, Paul. Let me ask you both to tell me something about your son Benjamin, I guess known as Benji. I really don't dare ask either one of you to talk first. You make up your own minds.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1050.0,1078.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PAUL KURTZ: Benjamin, our son, our only child, was born in 1976 and grew up in our town very happily. He attended the Athens Academy, where Carol teaches. His education there stretched from preschool all the way through high school. He was a good student there, won several awards, earned his diploma. Made some very good friends who, so far, he has kept in touch with quite well. He, of course, went to Hebrew school and Sunday school at our temple, became a bar mitzvah in our temple in 1989. After his graduation from high school . . . he was also confirmed in our temple too. After his graduation, he attended Emory University, which is a private university in Atlanta which is not too far away. His major while he was in school was film studies and he worked part time periodically for several radio stations. Radio is Benjamin's passion and his life's work at least up until now. I foresee in the future that's what he's going to be doing. He began as a 13-year-old here in Athens, and appeared, did work on both sides of the microphone, on the air, as well as preparing things, writing things, producing things, appeared on, worked for several stations in Athens. While he was in Atlanta, he worked for a couple of very big stations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1078.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: What's he doing now?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1200.0,1202.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PAUL KURTZ: He is now back in Atlanta, since his graduation in 1998, he has been successively in Athens for a year, then he was in Fort Walton Beach, Florida for about six or eight months. He then came back to Atlanta and did work in Atlanta for a while. Then he went to Jackson, Mississippi, where he stayed for about eight months. He was running four radio stations in Jackson, Mississippi. Now since the middle of last fall, or late last fall, he's back in Atlanta. Now that he's 25 years old, he's a consultant. He's a programming consultant, he works for . . . a company that does consulting with radio stations throughout the country and programming. He lives in Atlanta. We were delighted to have him back, at least for a while. For now, he, as you can tell from the job history, he very much likes Atlanta. He went to school in Atlanta, and this is his third time back in Atlanta since school. I seem to see a pattern here, and that's fine with us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1202.0,1272.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: Carol, any marriage prospects for Benji so far?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1272.0,1276.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: Not so far.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1276.0,1279.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: Sounds like somebody will snatch him up pretty fast. Anything you want to add, Carol?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1279.0,1284.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: I think Paul pretty much covered it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1284.0,1286.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: I think so too. Kids always sort of extend our thoughts into the future. Let's go backwards a little bit now into our genealogy. Have either of you two searched out your roots? If you have, what have you found?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1286.0,1306.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: . . . I haven't searched out my roots, but my grandparents were born in Poland on my father's side. On my mother's side, one was born in America and his wife was born in Austria. They all came . . . the ones from Europe came over here separately at young ages, as young as 15 alone . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1306.0,1334.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: Through the last century?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1334.0,1335.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: Yes. Lived in New York City where my parents were born. After the war, my father went to Southern College of Optometry in Memphis [Tennessee], and they've been in the South, brought my mother with him from New York. Had the three daughters, of which I'm the middle child, in the South. My father said years ago he would never go shovel snow again and they've been in the South ever since.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1335.0,1365.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: Was your father in the military . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1365.0,1366.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: He was, served in World War II.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1366.0,1371.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: Paul?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1371.0,1372.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PAUL KURTZ: My genealogy, I don't know much. I don't go much further back than Carol does. My mother's parents grew up in Russia, Poland. Indeed, my grandfather served in the Russian army . . . Actually, he avoided service in the Russian army, the Czar's army, and came to the United States. He actually deserted and came to the United States. I can remember him telling stories about how he came. It always seemed to me in a very circuitous way. He came around through China and Siberia [Russia], as opposed to coming directly through Europe. He came alone and then called for my grandmother, and they were married here. My grandmother, the story goes, came from a very wealthy family that disowned her. Had disowned her for marrying my grandfather, who was a very poor peasant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1372.0,1442.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: Is that the reason?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1442.0,1443.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PAUL KURTZ: Yes. They were married and lived in New York their whole lives. One of the real sweet stories, I think, about that episode is that, in the early 1920's, after my mother had been born and her younger sister also had been born, she and her younger sister and my grandmother, who had been disowned by her family, went back to Russia and saw the family. Were welcomed back into the family and my mother, bless her, who is now 80, remembers that trip very, very well and very, very clearly. That's really a sweet story, I think.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1443.0,1491.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: That is a nice story.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1491.0,1494.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PAUL KURTZ: On my father's side, my grandfather, on my father's side, was born in Russia, and my grandmother was born in the United States. My father's mother was born in the United States, in New Jersey, actually. They lived in New York, although my grandfather was a less than stellar husband and supporter and they got divorced. My grandmother married another man who we knew as . . . who was the only grandfather who really served as grandfather to me and my sisters. I'm afraid all my grandparents are gone, and my dad is gone, but my mother carries on very strongly and very powerfully.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1494.0,1543.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: Those are interesting stories. Thank you for telling them to us. Let me pick up with a subject that, sort of follows after all this, intermarriage. Some Jews feel that American Jews will kind of disappear into the distance if trends towards intermarriage, Jews and Gentiles, continues as it has been. What do you think about that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1543.0,1572.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: I think it's true. I think they're saying 50 percent or more Jewish people are intermarrying these days. I think it's part of the whole melting pot of the country at this time, where you've seen the picture of the future American . . . have you seen that? It's a combination of many races. It's a beautiful face, but that seems to be the trend that I see with, not only religion, but racial mixing seems to be part of the new America.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1572.0,1614.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: How do you account for the growth of intermarried couples in our temple and how well they get along?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1614.0,1624.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: I think, part of that is part of just being in a small town. I think a lot of our own offspring are intermarrying. I think in terms of Reformed congregations, that it seems to be working where there's an outreach and an effort to include the non-Jewish spouse.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1624.0,1648.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: Which normally ends up with the kids being raised Jews, too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1648.0,1655.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: Yes, if they involve the whole family. That's true, I think.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1655.0,1659.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: Paul do you want to . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1659.0,1661.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PAUL KURTZ: I think maybe I'm a little bit more optimistic. I don't see . . . I know that a lot of Jews are intermarrying, but I also know that a lot of intermarried couples are retaining at least the Jewish partner, and sometimes even the non-Jewish partner are raising their children as Jews. I think, as I said I may be optimistic or overly optimistic, but our religion has lasted thousands of years, and I see it lasting thousands of years into the future.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1661.0,1694.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: Here's another question, which sometimes gets an interesting answer. Is there something special that either of you have done which makes you especially proud of your Jewish heritage?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1694.0,1709.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PAUL KURTZ: I think there is something, and I can't say that I've ever really thought about it in this way, but now that you've posed the question, I'm really proud to have gone to school where I went to school at the time I went to school. I went to Vanderbilt University, which is in Nashville, Tennessee, which is in the South, as you know. In 1964, Nashville was a very southern town, and Vanderbilt was an extraordinarily southern place. And there were many, many of my classmates at Vanderbilt, who never had met a Jewish person before. I was glad, and maybe in retrospect, I should have been scared, but I wasn't. Maybe I was too young to be scared, too foolish to be scared. But I'm very glad to have been the first Jew that they had met and explain to them in some rudimentary way, what Jewish life was like. Which is rather ironic because, I, unlike Carol, was not brought up in a very observant home at all. I went to Hebrew school and Sunday school, but only relatively briefly. I did not become a bar mitzvah. My parents did not belong to a synagogue. It was really kind of ironic that I of all people, should be teaching, or trying to teach or educate these southern boys and girls about who Jews were. For many of them, I was literally the first few that they'd ever met. I guess I also taught some of the others too, the ones who had known Jews. Some of them came from small towns in Tennessee, or in Georgia, or in Mississippi, and their experience with Jews was all based on the fact that the Jewish people in their small southern towns were always the doctor, or the lawyer, or the haberdasher or the store owner, and always had a fairly comfortable, economic lifestyle. I, on the other hand, although we certainly were not poor, I did not come from a professional family. My parents are not professionals. I was the oldest child in the family, the first to go to college. Neither of my parents graduated from college. I was at Vanderbilt on scholarship, and I think I educated some of those folks to the notion that not all Jewish people were rich or extraordinarily well-educated. Yes, I'm kind of proud of that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1709.0,1856.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: What did your parents do for a living?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1856.0,1859.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PAUL KURTZ: My dad, he was a purchasing agent for a baby toy company for a number of years. Meaning he bought the raw materials that they made baby toys out of. He was very unhappy at that. Later in life, he became very active in politics. He was mayor of my hometown for about 11 or 12 years. That really was something he really, really enjoyed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1859.0,1884.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: That was a groundbreaker too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1884.0,1886.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PAUL KURTZ: Yes. Actually, not so because the town we grew up in was basically largely Jewish, at the time, although historically before that had not been . . . Now that I'm thinking about it, actually, you're right. He was part of the wave of Jews entering public office. He may very well have been the first Jewish mayor of my hometown. [interview pauses, then resumes]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1886.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: [indistinct:","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1920.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"] Thank you, Carol.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1920.0,1924.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: I am the only person you've taped who . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1924.0,1926.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: No, you're not the only person we've taped on this subject, Carol. We've done this with everybody. Go ahead and tell us about your . . . My question really is, have you had any experiences of antisemitism, either in your early growing up years or your adult years before you got to Athens? Then since you've been to Athens? Tell us about that, Carol.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1926.0,1958.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: When I was a kid on our street, we had a neighbor who would throw rocks at us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1958.0,1966.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: That's rather . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1966.0,1968.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: They would call us dirty Jews.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1968.0,1973.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: Carol, I know that this is a very emotional subject for you, and you do need to take a moment to put yourself together. But whenever you want to start, I think that this is something which needs to be recorded. [interview pauses, then resumes] These experiences were when you were in Memphis and Chattanooga [Tennessee]?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1973.0,1992.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: While in Chattanooga, where I spent most of my growing up years. Really, I guess, in Athens, there have been some comments here and again at, sometimes at a social function. A neighbor I heard at a social function, a neighbor telling someone else how she was praying to bless her new neighbors, who were such nice people, but unfortunately, would be going to hell since we didn't believe in Christ. That was on a banquet . . . at a line for the at the buffet table. She was two people away from me knowing full well, I could hear what she was saying. That was the wife of a minister in town. Then at work there, occasionally, somebody would say something. Once one of my direct . . . one of the administrator's supervisors, asked me once about my people killing Christ.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1992.0,2077.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: Oh wow.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2077.0,2078.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: Let's see, then occasionally, in the past, you'll be in a store, or maybe an antique store where you're supposed to bargain, and somebody will say they don't want to . . . what's the expression?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2078.0,2096.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PAUL KURTZ: \"Allow you to Jew them down. \"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2096.0,2097.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: \"Allow them to Jew you down,\" or something. That kind of would catch you by surprise. Fortunately, those have been few and far between. Another, I think, problem in Athens has been for Jewish women . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2097.0,2120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PAUL KURTZ: Joining . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2120.0,2122.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: . . . Not being allowed to be a part of the Junior League here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2122.0,2125.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: Oh, really? I didn't know that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2125.0,2127.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: Yes. There've been a few . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2127.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: How overt is that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2130.0,2132.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: It's not . . . there have been a few nominations, one person was blackballed . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2132.0,2142.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: A Jewish person?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2142.0,2145.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: A Jewish person. Some of the members told her why she was blackballed, and it was just ridiculous. Another person was given what she considered a token invitation, and she didn't want to be a token member, so she declined. In a lot of cities, even in the South, that has been . . . Jewish members are fairly common.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2145.0,2171.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: Are fairly common, you say?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2171.0,2172.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ Yes, but not in Athens.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2172.0,2175.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: Why do you suppose that is?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2175.0,2177.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: I think there is still this undercurrent of antisemitism. Some people . . . one person even apologized to me for joining because she knew that there was this thread of . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2177.0,2196.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: Cultural antisemitism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2196.0,2200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: That this thread ran through the organization.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2200.0,2203.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: But you say you did join?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2203.0,2205.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: No, I have . . . she apologized to me for her own membership.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2205.0,2210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: Oh, I see. Tell us what the Junior League is for the record.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2210.0,2214.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: It's a wonderful service organization in town.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2214.0,2217.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: Totally made up of women?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2217.0,2219.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: Right, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2219.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: That is news to me. I've worked with the Junior League when I was a member of the League of Women Voters and putting on voter forums for candidates running for office. I had no idea about that . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2220.0,2232.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: Yes, and I talked to people in other cities who are just shocked to hear about it, that Jewish members are very active and have been for a long time in their cities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2232.0,2245.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: I'm glad that you put this on tape, Carol, because the same question, asked of others in the congregation did not elicit anything as strong as that. Mostly it was a sort of sense of cultural kinds of recollections, like \"Jew them down\", sort of things common in language, but really is an un-thinking sort of thing. Paul, did you want to add something?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2245.0,2275.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PAUL KURTZ: I haven't had . . . I grew up in the North and the town where I grew up was, at least towards the middle and end of my time up there, was very Jewish, heavily Jewish. In fact, I used to kid people that I didn't know about Catholic and Protestant people until I went to college because I . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2275.0,2296.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: You were prejudiced against Catholics and . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2296.0,2298.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PAUL KURTZ: That's not true, actually. Actually, there were plenty of Catholics in my hometown, but there weren't, there didn't seem to be very many Protestants. I didn't really know about this; I thought all people were really Jewish or Catholic. I didn't realize there was this whole other thing going on with Protestant people. I did not suffer very much or anything that I knew about in terms of antisemitism up there, before I came south. Of course, when I came south, it was a different atmosphere. I can't ever claim to have, I don't believe I've ever been treated differently because I'm Jewish. I think I may have sometimes been treated differently because I'm from the North and some may blend the Northerness together with the Jewishness. I did have an experience with my secretary, not my current secretary, but my prior secretary, who was my secretary for 16 years, who I like a lot, and I still interact with because she's still on the Law School staff, although she's not my secretary. One day she used the phrase that Carol referred to, about \"Jewing down somebody\", and I could tell that she wasn't saying it out of meanness. She knows and knew that I was Jewish, and she didn't realize that it wasn't a verb that I would be very comfortable with. Frankly, I'm not sure that I had, at that point, this was 15, 18 years ago, probably, I'm not sure that I ever heard the word used as a verb. I wasn't 100 percent certain what it meant. But in context, and I guess I might have asked somebody. Anyway, I had a conversation with her, and she apologized and said that she really didn't realize it. Indeed, I know we are very sensitive to it, obviously being Jewish, but there are a lot of words like that that a lot of other people are sensitive about, but we use all the time. The one that comes to my mind most quickly is “to Welsh on a bet.\" That's, of course, supposedly because that's what people from Wales do. Of course, if you're a Welshman, I suspect you would not be real happy to hear someone say, \"I hope you're not going to Welsh on this bet or this promise.\" I'm not saying that to use the word Jew as a verb is a good thing. Another phrase, the phrase, \"Indian giver.\" \"Don't be an Indian giver.\" There you go, same thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2298.0,2455.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: Thank you for bringing those thoughts up. It adds a little perspective to the culture I think that we've inherited here in the South.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2455.0,2464.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PAUL KURTZ: I think that's something different. I do believe that that there are some words and phrases and attitudes that have become so ingrained in culture that we don't do it out of malice. They just do it because that's a word.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2464.0,2481.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: Let's get away from things Jewish and talk about friends and some of your thoughts about American culture at large. Are there some trends or a trend that you see which causes you some concern or anxiety, whether it be in education, or in politics, or in economics, or whatever in American life? As well as perhaps some trends which you feel very good about. You want to start, Carol?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2481.0,2516.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PAUL KURTZ: I think . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2516.0,2518.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: Alright.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2518.0,2519.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PAUL KURTZ: I think the most frightening thing to me about American society today is the growing disconnect between the upper class in the economic sphere and the lower class, the divide between the haves and the have nots. I think, all the statistics tell us, that the wealthiest two or three percent of the country have so much more in terms of resources than the poor people. This gap between rich and poor is getting wider. Frankly, I think it's being encouraged by people who have been in power, certainly with the current administration, President [George W.] Bush the second and hopefully last, as well as his father, as well as President [Ronald] Reagan. I think under this kind of leadership, it is becoming more and more acceptable to have chief executive officers making hundreds, literally hundreds of times as much money as the people on the assembly line who are actually putting out the goods that are being sold. It is obscene and becoming more obscene, frankly. That's the most distressing thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2519.0,2604.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: Carol, is there a comment you want to make?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2604.0,2606.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: I'm concerned about towns turning into Baxter Streets.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2606.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: My favorite subject, go ahead.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2610.0,2614.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: With what we call sprawl in America. The changing of the appearances, the culture of town into fast food and chain store kinds of living. Of course, what we're doing to our air, what we're doing to our water.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2614.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: All the environmental issues.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2640.0,2641.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: Is of concern.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2641.0,2643.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: Do you think that Athens will one day become a neighborhood in greater Atlanta?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2643.0,2649.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: I see it happening. I think that [State Route] 316 is going to end up really looking like the approach to Gwinnett Mall, Gwinnett Place Mall, and that it's sad that that pretty countryside will be disappearing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2649.0,2667.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: For the record, for those of you listening a few hundred years from now, sprawl is the word that characterizes the ever extending suburban communities of the major cities, which were at one time at the center of it all. The city of Atlanta has now become the center of a megalopolis of regional Atlanta, which is reaching out hundreds of miles in all directions and will one day no doubt connect up to Washington [D.C.] and New York and Boston [Massachusetts]. That, of course, is what all of us are so concerned about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2667.0,2713.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: I have been appointed to a government commission here in town, the Historic Preservation Commission, and this has made me even more aware of these problems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2713.0,2721.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: I'm certain of that. [interview pauses, then resumes] Now as we approach the end of our conversation, I want to ask each of you, whether there has been a particular individual in your lives, or even more than one individual, who have been very influential in guiding the direction that your lives have taken. Who would like to start that?  ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2721.0,2750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PAUL KURTZ: I will, first of all, I'm glad you opened up the possibility that there might be more than one because I think if you're a thinking human being, you take and learn from lots and lots of people. I don't think I could list all the people who I think have had an impact on my life because really there are a ton. Starting with my fourth grade teacher and going on to my secretary in many ways, or at least in some ways. The people who stand out . . . I guess it's logical to think of one's family, at least in my family and I suspect in most people's family, I think of my dad and my mom. They obviously have affected my life in ways that I'm sure I'm not even aware. Since I've become an adult, I've heard myself say things that sound to me like things that were said to me by my parents. Each in their own way, my father, rest his soul, was a very quiet and taciturn kind of fellow and didn't really instruct in explicit terms. He never told me to do things or not to do things. He was a very quiet, gentle man. But just watching him behave, set a goal for me. There have been many times, especially since I've become an administrator when I've had to ask myself and I have asked myself, what would my dad do? How would he . . . if he were here to help me what would he tell me to do? What would he advise? That's been helpful. My mother has been . . . has affected my life in, I guess, more direct ways. I guess the best example and the one that she might even regret at this moment, and Carol knows what I'm going to say, I tell this story often, but many, many, many years ago, when I was in high school and I was planning on where to go to college, I had been accepted to several schools in the New York area where I grew up, and I'd also been accepted to Vanderbilt, which was far away. I'd never been, literally had never been on the campus. That's something that has come up in the last generation, the notion of going on college trips, actually going to the college to visit it before you actually enroll there. I didn't do that, at least not a Vanderbilt. We were sitting around, and she advised me, quite explicitly. My mother rarely makes her advice known in such explicit ways, but she said, \"You really ought to go to Vanderbilt.\" I said, \"Why should I go to Vanderbilt?\" She said, \"You'll go away, you'll go to the South, and you'll learn new things, you'll learn about people, and you'll learn about a different region. Then you can always come back home to New York.\" Rather than just going to college in New York and going out with the same kind of girls that I had always gone out with, dating the same kind of people had always been.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2750.0,2942.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: If she only knew.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2942.0,2943.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PAUL KURTZ: That's right. Implicit in that advice was indeed I would come back. Of course, as I told you earlier, as you know, I've spent basically my entire adult life in the South . . . I guess in some senses she regrets it, but it was very courageous advice. It definitely had an impact on my life. I would not have met my wife. I would not have lived in the South. I would not have, clearly not have lived the life that I've led. That's certainly, in a very direct way, impacted. One more person I want to mention, at least briefly, and that is the judge who I work for. I worked for Judge Harry Phillips. I was a clerk for him after I graduated from law school.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2943.0,2989.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: What was his position?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2989.0,2990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PAUL KURTZ: He was the Chief Judge of the Sixth Circuit, United States Court of Appeals, and he was based in Nashville. He was a model of mine in law. For his patience, his thoroughness, his care, his gentleness, his sensitivity to people who were not like him. I often think of him, often.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2990.0,3013.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: Is he alive today?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3013.0,3014.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PAUL KURTZ: No, I'm afraid he's gone. He was killed in a terrible automobile accident in London, looking the wrong way. Stepping off a curb and looking to the left as opposed to the right, because of course, people in England drive on the opposite side of the road. [phone rings, interview stops, then resumes]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3014.0,3034.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: That was the telephone and having now finished with the telephone call, Carol, would you like to add your thoughts to that same question?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3034.0,3046.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: I think my grandparents and my parents were good models for living and demonstrating a love for Judaism . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3046.0,3059.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: You were raised in an Orthodox home?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3059.0,3062.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: I would say Conservative-Orthodox mixture. My grandfather on my father's side was Orthodox. Also, in terms of respecting other people and having a liberal view politically, I think that also came down from my father's side of the family, his father as well, my father. Then an appreciation for nature and a respect for our ecology, from people I met through the Girl Scout movement when I was growing up. I was very active in that and had a lot of leadership roles in that as a kid. Went on a national encampment to Idaho in 1965 with 10,000 other girls from around the world. That has, I think, made a huge impact, too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3062.0,3123.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: Has there been someone in your later, more adult years that served as a role model as well?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3123.0,3132.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: I have to say that my friend Marilyn Gootman really helped me get off on a good foot as a mother. She was a good role for those of us, Jewish women who would get together with our babies. Those first five years, we would meet together with the babies in a circle, and she would really, being the first mother of that age group . . . and there were, I guess, half a dozen of us that had babies that year. We had a really, wonderful support network right within the temple. She was like our mentor in terms of raising infants to toddler stage. That was her specialty, in terms of just questions about whether it was breastfeeding or babies crying in the middle of the night, we could always call her, and she was a good advisor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3132.0,3194.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: Marilyn already had children at that time?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3194.0,3197.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: Yes, she already had two.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3197.0,3200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PAUL KURTZ: She had one and the second one . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3200.0,3203.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: The second one was part of that little group.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3203.0,3204.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: Imagine having a little baby boom right here in our own congregation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3204.0,3208.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PAUL KURTZ: Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3208.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: Thank you for those comments, Carol. Here's one that you may or may not have some thoughts about, but how would you compare your temple affiliation in Athens with affiliations in temples before you got here? Was it as rewarding? As different?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3210.0,3231.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PAUL KURTZ: I'll answer first because mine is very brief, because, as I mentioned before, this is the first temple that I have ever been affiliated with in any official way. I used to attend Hebrew school and Sunday school, but my family was not members. This is the only experience I have to compare it to. I'll have to leave it to my wife to be more precise and to discern.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3231.0,3255.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: As a young child, our family belonged to a big conservative synagogue in Chattanooga. Then when I was up in the seventh grade, my father was part of a small group of people who started a small Orthodox synagogue in a converted house, which later was bombed. In fact, the sisterhood gave a donation after the bombing to help with the new building that was put up and is now standing which is not much larger than the original old house in Chattanooga.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3255.0,3289.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PAUL KURTZ: Our sisterhood here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3289.0,3291.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: Our sisterhood here, yes. Gave a donation to help with that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3291.0,3295.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: What brought about that bombing?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3295.0,3297.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: It was just an antisemitic demonstration, a single person, I think.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3297.0,3303.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: Was that during the period of civil rights?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3303.0,3306.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PAUL KURTZ: No, it was the 1990's. Early 1990's or late 1980's. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3306.0,3310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: I think maybe in the 1980's.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3310.0,3313.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: I see.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3313.0,3314.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: That was and still is . . . It's amazing that congregation is still in existence because they have such a small group of people, many of whom are in their late stages of their life . . . They're going on. That was a very small, intimate congregation. Right now, I don't know if they have even 50 members, but somehow, they keep on keeping on. Those are services which I enjoy and really, it's a far cry from the Reformed service in many ways.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3314.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: Your adult contributions as a person helping things along within the temple, not necessarily for the religious purposes of services really didn't become outstanding until you became a member of the Athens.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3360.0,3382.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: For our adult life, this is the only temple or Jewish institution of this type that we have been in place to join. In Nashville, we knew we were just temporary, and we weren't charged to go to services in Nashville. We were students in Massachusetts for a couple of years, we didn't seek out a congregation there. This is really our first and only congregation . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3382.0,3412.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: That answers my question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3412.0,3414.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: . . . As adults.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3414.0,3416.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: Let me throw one final question out and that will bring our conversation to an end, I think. You're sitting around the table, this very table, which was purchased and sustained by families and it's now 200 years later. Somehow or another, the time capsule allowed you to sit around the table with them. They can't see you, but you can raise your voices anyway, and they've just heard your tape. Now, what about this tape would you like . . . what would you ask them after they finished listening to this tape? Mind you, it's a couple hundred years later. What would you want to know?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3416.0,3464.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: First of all, I would ask them how their experience as Jews of this community may have differed or not. Have they had any experiences like we've had or have people in the town become more accepting? I think it is generally an accepting town. I think there will always be some exceptions, but just what their experience has been as a Jew in the South and in this town. How they feel about the congregation, do they feel like it's a warm congregation or not?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3464.0,3505.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: I wonder how large the congregation will be then, because we'll be . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3505.0,3509.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: Eric Mendel always said it would never go much larger than it is today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3509.0,3515.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: His today was only half the size than it is at the moment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3515.0,3520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: No, I mean he said he never thought it would go much over 125 families and . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3520.0,3528.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: I see. We're already over 147, aren't we?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3528.0,3529.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: It seems that the university isn't planning on growing too much more. Of course, in 100 years that may be much different.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3529.0,3537.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: Then again there are . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3537.0,3538.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: I think that affects it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3538.0,3539.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: . . . So many Jews who are employed by the university but not members. Perhaps some of them will join the temple.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3539.0,3549.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PAUL KURTZ: [indistinct:","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3549.0,3549.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"] I'm not sure in 200 years there is going to be a university, because I think education is going to be done differently. I don't think you're going to go someplace to get educated, but that's another story.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3549.0,3559.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: Interesting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3559.0,3560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PAUL KURTZ: I guess my question would be to the congregation of a couple hundred years from now, I just wonder how it feels to be a Jew . . . I guess asking really basically the same question Carol is. How does it feel to be a Jew in Athens, Georgia, in the year 2202?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3560.0,3578.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3578.0,3581.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PAUL KURTZ: I think, frankly, my experience here as a Jew in Athens during our time in the late 20th century was very, very positive. I hope it's at least as positive for those who follow us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3581.0,3595.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: Thank you both. I thought I knew something about you too, having known you for a long time, but I tell you, this was a wonderfully enjoyable hour that we spent together. I've learned a lot. I have wonderful admiration for the lives of both of you. Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3595.0,3617.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3617.0,3618.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PAUL KURTZ: Thank you, Burt. Thank you for doing this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3618.0,3620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROL KURTZ: We've had a good life here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3620.0,3622.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PAUL KURTZ: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3622.0,3622.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/transcript/69975/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BURT SPARER: So have we all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3622.0,3625.7407"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCongregation Children of Israel in Athens, Georgia, was established in 1872. The first synagogue was at the corner of Hancock Avenue and Jackson Streets, where it remained for the next 84 years. In 1968 a new building was dedicated on Dudley Drive. It also purchased parcels of land for a cemetery in 1983 adjacent to Oconee Hills Cemetery. As of 2022, its current senior rabbi is Eric Linder. The congregation is a member of the Union for Reform Judaism.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=0.0,56.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBurton “Burt” Sparer (1925-2011) was a member and former president of Congregation Children of Israel in Athens, Georgia. Sparer was born and raised in New York City and served in the Army Air Force in Guam and Japan during World War II. He studied Regional Planning at the University of North Carolina and served on various planning committees in Georgia. He was involved in numerous organizations and causes including mental health, Georgia Options, the League of Women Voters, and the Federation of Neighborhood Associations. He was married to Dorothy Sparer, and they had two children. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=0.0,56.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAthens, Georgia is located in northeast Georgia. The city was founded in 1806 and is known for its antebellum architecture. The University of Georgia, the state's flagship public university and an R1 research institution, is in Athens and contributed to its initial growth. The city also has a growing food scene, an influential indie rock music scene, and is home to the Georgia Museum of Art. Athens has 15 neighborhoods on the National Register of Historic Places. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=0.0,56.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Georgia School of Law (Georgia Law) is the law school of the University of Georgia, a public research university in Athens, Georgia. It was founded in 1859, making it among the oldest American university law schools in continuous operation. Georgia Law recent graduates include 11 governors, over 110 state and federal legislators, approximately 70 federal judges, and numerous state supreme court justices, practitioners, government officials, ambassadors, trial court judges, academics, and law firm principals. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=56.0,117.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBenjamin “Benji” Kurtz (b. 1976) is the son of Paul and Carol Kurtz. He was born and raised in Athens, Georgia and attended Emory University. He is the founder and Executive Director of Remedy Food Project, a Georgia-based nonprofit. He holds a certificate in Plant-Based Nutrition from eCornell \u0026amp; The T. Colin Campbell Center for Nutrition Studies. Kurtz and his wife Claire live in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=56.0,117.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShirley Finkelstein Reines (1921-2014) was born in Brooklyn, New York to Russian immigrant parents. She married Mervin Reines, and they had two children, Michael and Bonnie. In 1954, the Reines family moved to Athens, Georgia where she became involved as a volunteer and active member of Congregation Children of Israel. She led and was involved in initiatives such as a home-delivered meals program, and the Athens Tay-Sachs Screening Program and testing of underprivileged children for the University of Georgia Psychology Department.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=133.0,191.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDr. Mervin Reines (1918-2005) was born in New York City to Max and Anna Reines and grew up in New Jersey. He received his Bachelors, Masters, and PhD at Penn State University. He married Shirley Finkelstein, and they had two children, Michael and Bonnie. During World War II, he served as a U.S. Marine Corps Captain in the South Pacific. From 1954 to 1981, he was a professor at the University of Georgia School of Forest Resources, retiring as professor emeritus. He was one of the Founders of Sandy Creek Nature Center in Athens, Georgia, served on the Board of the University of Georgia Botanical Gardens, and on numerous committees for the Athens Regional Library, Council on Aging, and Congregation Children of Israel. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=133.0,191.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eOneg\u003c/em\u003e \u003cem\u003eShabbat\u003c/em\u003e literally “enjoyment of the Sabbath.” Originally it referred to social and cultural activities on Saturday afternoon. In the United States it is known as “\u003cem\u003eOneg\u003c/em\u003e” and refers to the social activity following a Friday night or Saturday morning service.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=133.0,191.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHerbert Siegel (1926-2017) was a member and former president of Congregation Children of Israel in Athens, Georgia. He was born in Mt. Vernon, New York and grew up in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He served in World War II and received his PhD at Pennsylvania State University. He became a professor of avian physiology at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and then spent many years working for the U.S. Department of Agriculture in Athens, Georgia. He returned to Pennsylvania to become the Head of the Poultry Science Department at Pennsylvania State University until he had the opportunity to do research at the Agricultural University of the Netherlands in Wageningen, Netherlands. He was married to Rhea Spiro, and they had three children. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=133.0,191.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRhea Spiro Siegel (1927-2023) was born in Baltimore, Maryland and grew up in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She served as chief docent for the Penn State Museum of Art and was involved in visual arts. She married Hebert Siegel after they met in high school, and they had three children. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=133.0,191.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Morton Deutsch (1910-1980) was Rabbi of Congregation Children of Israel in Athens, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=133.0,191.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Fred Raskind graduated from Boston University and then attended Columbia University where he studied philosophy and comparative religion. He also took coursework at Union Theological Seminary (NYC) and Lutheran Theological Southern Seminary. He was ordained at Hebrew Union College, New York and has served pulpits in South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama and Florida. He served as Rabbi of Congregation B’nai Abraham in Hagerstown Maryland and was active in the Interfaith Coalition, HARC (Hagerstown Area Religious Council), and TORCH club. In 2013, he became Rabbi of Congregation of Temple Bet Yam in St. Augustine, Florida. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=133.0,191.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNashville is the capital city of Tennessee and was founded in 1779. It was named for Francis Nash, a general of the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War. The city is home to Vanderbilt University and the legendary country music venues like the Grand Ole Opry, Ryman Auditorium and the Country Music Hall of Fame.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=199.0,218.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVanderbilt Peabody College of Education and Human Development (also known as Vanderbilt Peabody College, Peabody College, or simply Peabody) is the education school of Vanderbilt University, a private research university in Nashville, Tennessee. Founded in 1875, Peabody had a long history as an independent institution before merging with Vanderbilt University in 1979. The school is located on the Peabody Campus of Vanderbilt University in Nashville. The academic and administrative buildings surround the Peabody Esplanade and are southeast of Vanderbilt's main campus. Peabody College is organized around five academic departments, and conducts research in education, psychology, and human development. The school offers undergraduate, master's, and doctoral degrees in more than 30 programs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=199.0,218.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew school can be either the Jewish equivalent of Sunday school (an educational regimen separate from secular education, focusing on topics of Jewish history and learning the Hebrew language), or a primary, secondary, or college level educational institution where some or all of the classes are taught in Hebrew.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=249.0,279.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the written Torah and the oral law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays, and more.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=249.0,279.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNCSY (formerly known as the National Conference of Synagogue Youth) is an Orthodox Jewish youth group. Its operations include Jewish-inspired after-school programs; summer programs in Israel, Europe, and the United States; weekend programming, shabbatons, retreats, and regionals; Israel advocacy training; and disaster relief missions known as chesed (kindness) trips. NCSY also has an alumni organization on campuses across North America.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=249.0,279.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCambridge is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts. It is a suburb in the Greater Boston metropolitan area, across the Charles River from Boston. Harvard University, an Ivy League university founded in Cambridge in 1636, is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States. The Harvard Art Museums comprise the Fogg, Busch-Reisinger and Arthur M. Sackler collections.  Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Lesley University, and Hult International Business School also are based in Cambridge. Founded in December 1630 during the colonial era, Cambridge was one of the first cities established in the Thirteen Colonies, and it went on to play a historic role during the American Revolution. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=291.0,395.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarvard Law School is one of the professional graduate schools of Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Established in 1817 in Cambridge Massachusetts, Harvard Law School is the oldest continuously operating law school in the United States. The law school is generally considered one of the most prestigious in the world.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=291.0,395.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBoston College is a private Jesuit research university in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts. It was founded in 1863. Although Boston College is classified as a research university, it still uses the word \"college\" in its name to reflect its historical position as a small liberal arts college. Its main campus is a historic district and features some of the earliest examples of collegiate Gothic architecture in North America. In accordance with its Jesuit heritage, the university offers a liberal arts curriculum with an emphasis on formative education and service to others. Boston College’s athletic teams are the Eagles. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=291.0,395.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOglethorpe Avenue Elementary is an elementary school in Athens, Georgia. It is part of the Clarke County School District. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=291.0,395.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA Sisterhood is a group of women in a synagogue congregation who join together to offer social, cultural, educational, and volunteer service opportunities. Its male counterpart is called either a \"Brotherhood\" or a \"Men's Club.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=291.0,395.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTay-Sachs disease is typically found in people with certain ancestry, such as Eastern European Jews. A fatty substance in the brain destroys nerve cells. Symptoms of slowed development usually appear around six months of age. Symptoms progress until they lead to death, often around age four.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=291.0,395.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAthens Academy is an independent college preparatory coeducational day school in Athens, Georgia. Athens Academy was founded in 1967. As of 2017, the school enrollment is approximately 945 students. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=291.0,395.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHistoric Athens was founded as the Athens-Clarke Heritage Foundation in 1967. The organization works to improve historic preservation and heritage conservation in the Athens, Georgia area. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=396.0,438.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1912 by Juliette Gordon Lowe, Girl Scouts of the United States of America is a youth organization that aims to empower girls and help teach values such as honesty, fairness, courage, compassion, character, and citizenship through various activities. Membership is organized by grade level.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=439.0,493.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Cancer Society is a voluntary health organization that aims to eliminate cancer and improve the lives of people with cancer and their families. It was founded in 1913 and is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=439.0,493.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEvelyn Pearlman Abroms (1906-1990) was the first female president of Congregation Children of Israel in Athens, Georgia. She married David Abroms in 1932. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=522.0,523.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHelene Schwartz (b. 1948) is an active member of the Athens Jewish community and former president of Congregation Children of Israel. Schwartz works full-time as director of the Athens Regional Foundation at Athens Regional Medical Center. She has been involved with Athens Hadassah, she has served as past president of the Athens-Clarke Chapter of the American Heart Association and with the parent-teacher organizations at Alps Road and Cleveland Road elementary schools. She has served as a board member on the Foundation for Excellence in Public Education and worked with the Women in Business Council of the Athens Area Chamber of Commerce and the East Georgia Chapter of the American Red Cross. She served two terms as president of the Georgia Association for Development Professionals of the Georgia Hospital Association. Her past awards include the Eric Mendel Distinguished Service Award at Congregation Children of Israel, an award for work at Athens Regional's Breast Health Center, and the \"Real People, Real Miracles\" Award from Hadassah. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=531.0,547.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSpring Valley is a village in the town of Ramapo and Clarkstown in Rockland County, New York. Spring Valley spans the border of two towns, occupying an eastern portion of the town of Ramapo and a small western portion of the town of Clarkstown. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=577.0,677.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRockland County is the second-southernmost county on the west side of the Hudson River in the U.S. state of New York, after Richmond County. It is part of the New York metropolitan area. The county's name derives from \"rocky land\", as the area has been aptly described, largely due to the Hudson River Palisades. The county is part of the Hudson Valley region of the state. Rockland County is the smallest county by area in New York outside New York City. Rockland County is designated as a Preserve America Community, and nearly a third of the county's area is parkland. The county has the largest Jewish population percentage of any U.S. county, at 31.4 percent. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=577.0,677.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVanderbilt University is a private research university located in Nashville, Tennessee. It was founded in 1873 and named after businessman Cornelius Vanderbilt who provided a $1 million endowment to the school.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=577.0,677.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlpha Epsilon Pi (ΑΕΠ, nicknamed \"AEPi\") is a Jewish college social fraternity founded at New York University in 1913. As of 2022, it has over 186 active chapters located on university campuses around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=577.0,677.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Vietnam War occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from November 1, 1955 to the fall of Saigon on April 30, 1975. This war fought between North Vietnam—supported by the Soviet Union, China and other communist allies—and the government of South Vietnam—supported by the United States and other anti-communist allies.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=577.0,677.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe J. Alton Hosch professorship is a title given to University of Georgia School of Law faculty members to recognize their work in and out of the classroom. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=679.0,917.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJohn Alton Hosch (1903-1980) was a University of Georgia law professor from 1928 to 1933. Starting in 1935, he became the Dean of the Law School, a position that he held, with a break for active military duty from 1941 to 1948, until 1964. Hosch retired in 1964 and was named Dean Emeritus of the University of Georgia's School of Law. The J. Alton Hosch professorship at the University of Georgia School of Law is named in his honor. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=679.0,917.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSigmund A. Cohn (1898-1997) and his wife, Suzanne Levy (1902-1987), immigrated to the United States from Breslau, Germany, where he was a prominent attorney and judge. He was removed from his position after 1933 when the Nazis’ racial laws and persecutions came into being. The Cohn family moved to Italy, where Sigmund worked until Italy’s racial persecution laws caught up with him again. The Cohn family came to the United where they settled in Athens, Georgia. Sigmund and Suzanne had two daughters, Eva and Marianne. Sigmund eventually became a law professor at University of Georgia. Dr. Cohn played a central role in the recodification of Georgia’s corporation laws in the 1960s. He retired in 1964.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=679.0,917.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Georgia (UGA) is a public land grant university, which was founded in 1785 making it one of the oldest universities in the United States. Its main campus is in Athens, Georgia with two satellite campuses in Atlanta and Lawrenceville. It is the flagship school of the University System of Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=679.0,917.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSuzanne Levy Cohn (1902-1987) was born in Breslau, Germany. She fled religious prosecution in Germany with her husband Sigmund Cohn, moving to Italy until religious prosecution forced them to move again. The Cohn family came to the United where they settled in Athens, Georgia. Sigmund and Suzanne had two daughters, Eva and Marianne.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=679.0,917.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eB'nai B'rith International [Hebrew: Children of the Covenant] is the oldest Jewish service organization in the world. B'nai B'rith states that it is committed to the security and continuity of the Jewish people and the State of Israel and combating antisemitism and bigotry. Its mission is to unite persons of the Jewish faith and to enhance Jewish identity through strengthening Jewish family life, to provide broad-based services for the benefit of senior citizens, and to facilitate advocacy and action on behalf of Jews throughout the world.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=679.0,917.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCommunity Connection of Northeast Georgia is a charitable organization that connects people with organizations that provide a variety of services. It has an informational hotline to help people in need find help and support. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=679.0,917.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAmerican Humane (AH) is an organization founded in 1877 committed to ensuring the safety, welfare, and well-being of animals. It was previously called the International Humane Association before changing its name in 1878. In 1940, it became the sole monitoring body for the humane treatment of animals on the sets of Hollywood films and other broadcast productions. American Humane is best known for its certification mark \"No Animals Were Harmed\", which appears at the end of film or television credits where animals are featured. It has also run the Red Star Animal Emergency Services since 1916. In 2000, American Humane formed the Farm Animal Services program, an animal welfare label system for food products. American Humane is headquartered in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=917.0,919.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: son of commandments; plural: \u003cem\u003eb’nai mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e] is a rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day. At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes. He is now duty-bound to keep the commandments, he puts on \u003cem\u003etefillin\u003c/em\u003e, and may be counted to the \u003cem\u003eminyan quorum\u003c/em\u003e for public worship. He celebrates the \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e by being called up to the reading of the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1078.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFort Walton Beach is a small city in the Florida Panhandle in Okaloosa County. Fort Walton Beach is a year-round fishing and beach resort community. It’s known for its fine white-sand beaches on adjacent Okaloosa Island. The island’s Gulfarium Marine Adventure Park is home to dolphins, penguins, and alligators. The Indian Temple Mound Museum includes the prehistoric Temple Mound and Native American artifacts. The Air Force Armament Museum displays artifacts and aircraft from WWI to the present. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1202.0,1272.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJackson is the capital of Mississippi. The city was founded in 1821 and named after President Andrew Jackson. It was in honor of his role as General in the Battle of New Orleans during the War of 1812. Starting in 1960, the city became the site for various non-violent protests in the civil rights movement. In May 1961, 300 Freedom Riders were arrested and jailed in the city. Their arrests led to mass demonstration and attracted national media attention to the growing civil rights efforts.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1202.0,1272.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Southern College of Optometry is a privately owned educational institution located in Memphis, Tennessee. It specializes in optometry and offers a comprehensive program in this field. It was established in 1932 by J.J. Horton, an ophthalmologist. It has a long history of providing optometry education and has graduated numerous optometrists from various states and countries. It serves a significant number of patients annually and is recognized as one of the largest eye and vision centers in the United States. The center is equipped with advanced examination rooms, technology-based testing spaces, retinal laser and digital angiography centers, an optical shop, and on-site ophthalmology services. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1335.0,1365.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMemphis is a city on the Mississippi River in southwest Tennessee, in Shelby County. Memphis is the second-most populous city in Tennessee after Nashville. It is a historic and culturally significant city in the Southern United States, famous for the influential strains of blues, soul and rock 'n' roll that originated there. Elvis Presley, B.B. King, and Johnny Cash recorded albums at the legendary Sun Studio, and Presley’s Graceland mansion is a popular attraction. Other music landmarks include the Rock 'n' Soul Museum, Blues Hall of Fame, and Stax Museum of American Soul Music. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1335.0,1365.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II (abbreviated WWII or WW2) was a global war involving fighting in most of the world and most countries. Most countries fought in the years 1939–1945 but some started fighting in 1937. Most of the world's countries, including all the great powers, fought as part of two military alliances: the Allies and the Axis Powers. World War II was the largest and deadliest conflict in all of history. It involved more countries, cost more money, involved more people, and killed more people than any other war in history. Between 50 to 85 million people died. The majority were civilians. It included massacres, the deliberate genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, starvation, disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons against civilians in history.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1366.0,1371.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Imperial Russian Army or Russian Imperial Army, also known as the Czar’s/Tsar’s Army, was the armed land force of the Russian Empire, active from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was organized into a standing army and a state militia. Amid the Revolution of 1917, the Imperial Russian Army collapsed and dissolved. The rebellious remnants of the Imperial Army evolved to become part of the new Red Army. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1372.0,1442.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSiberia is an extensive geographical region in Russia that extends eastward to become what is often referred to as ‘North Asia.’ It is a sparsely populated area with long, cold winters. Siberia has been a part of Russia since the seventeenth century. The majority of Soviet forced labor camps in the 1930’s through 1950’s were in remote areas of northeastern Siberia. The Siberian labor camps were used as a form of political repression and prisoners were often worked to death.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1372.0,1442.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMarriage between people of different races, castes, or religions. In this case, a marriage between a Jew and a non-Jew.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1543.0,1572.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eReform Judaism is a division within Judaism, especially in North America and the United Kingdom. Historically it began in the 19th century. In general, the Reform movement maintains that Judaism and Jewish traditions should be modernized and compatible with participation in Western culture. While the Torah remains the law, in Reform Judaism women are included (mixed seating, bat mitzvah, and women rabbis), instrumental music is allowed in the services, and most of the service is in the local language as opposed to Hebrew.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1624.0,1648.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eChattanooga is a city in Hamilton County, Tennessee. It is located along the Tennessee River, and borders Georgia to the south. Chattanooga was a crucial city during the American Civil War, due to the multiple railroads that converge there. After the war, the railroads allowed for the city to grow into one of the Southeastern United States' largest heavy industrial hubs. Chattanooga remains a transit hub in the present day, served by multiple Interstate highways and railroad lines. Chattanooga is internationally known for the 1941 hit song \"Chattanooga Choo Choo\" by Glenn Miller and his orchestra. It is home to the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga (UTC) and Chattanooga State Community College.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=1973.0,1992.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJunior Leagues are educational and charitable women’s organizations aimed at improving their communities through voluntarism and building their members’ civil leadership skills through training. It is an international organization with 293 different chapters.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2122.0,2125.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe League of Women Voters is a civic organization that was formed by Carrie Chapman Catt in 1920 to help women take a larger role in public affairs. It does not support or oppose candidates for office at any level of government but rather works to increase understanding of major public policy issues and to influence public policy through education and advocacy.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2220.0,2232.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorge Walker Bush (b. 1946) was the 43rd President of the United States. He served from 2001 to 2009 and he was a Republican. He also served as the 46th governor of Texas from 1995 to 2000. He is the eldest son of the 41st president, George H. W. Bush. In the 2000 presidential election, he won over Democratic incumbent Vice President Al Gore, while losing the popular vote after a narrow and contested Electoral College win. In office, Bush signed a major tax-cut program and an education-reform bill, the No Child Left Behind Act. He pushed for socially conservative efforts such as the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act and faith-based initiatives. He also initiated the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, in 2003, to address the AIDS epidemic. The terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, decisively reshaped his administration, resulting in the start of the war on terror and the creation of the Department of Homeland Security and the creation of the Patriot Act to authorize surveillance of suspected terrorists. In 2004, Bush was re-elected president in a close race, beating Democratic opponent John Kerry and winning the popular vote. Bush was widely criticized for his handling of Hurricane Katrina and the midterm dismissal of U.S. attorneys. At various points in his presidency, he was among both the most popular and the most unpopular presidents in U.S. history. He received the highest recorded approval ratings in the wake of the September 11 attacks, and one of the lowest ratings during the 2007 to 2008 financial crisis. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2519.0,2604.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorge Herbert Walker Bush (1924-2018) was an American politician, diplomat, and businessman who served as the 41st president of the United States from 1989 to 1993. A member of the Republican Party, he also served as the 43rd vice president from 1981 to 1989 under Ronald Reagan and previously in various other federal positions, including United States Ambassador to the United Nations and director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). He attended Phillips Academy and served as a pilot in the United States Navy Reserve during World War II before graduating from Yale and moving to West Texas, where he established a successful oil company. Foreign policy drove Bush's presidency as he navigated the final years of the Cold War and played a key role in the reunification of Germany. He presided over the invasion of Panama and the Gulf War, ending the Iraqi occupation of Kuwait. He championed and signed three pieces of bipartisan legislation in 1990, the Americans with Disabilities Act, the Immigration Act and the Clean Air Act Amendments. With the victory of his son, George W. Bush, in the 2000 presidential election, the two became the second father–son pair to serve as the nation's president, following John Adams and John Quincy Adams. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2519.0,2604.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRonald Wilson Reagan (1911-2004) was the 40th President of the United States. He served from 1981 to 1989 and he was a Republican. Reagan began his career in the entertainment industry, from 1947 to 1952, and from 1959 to 1960, Reagan served as the president of the Screen Actors Guild. During the 1950’s, he worked in television and spoke for General Electric. He was elected governor of California in 1966 and in 1980, Reagan won the Republican nomination and then a landslide victory over incumbent Democratic president Jimmy Carter in the presidential election. Reagan implemented \"Reaganomics\", which involved economic deregulation and cuts in both taxes and government spending during a period of stagflation. Additionally, he expanded the war on drugs, signing the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 and 1988 to specify penalties for drug offenses. Both bills have been criticized in the years since for promoting racial disparities. Reagan has also been criticized for his slow and minimal response to the AIDS epidemic in the United States, which began early in his presidency. Reagan and Soviet Union leader Mikhail Gorbachev held four summit conferences between 1985 and 1988 and Reagan is credited with ushering in a new era of trade and openness between the two powers. On March 30, 1981, Reagan was shot by John Hinckley Jr. outside the Washington Hilton and recovered after undergoing surgery.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2519.0,2604.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBaxter Street is a street in Athens, Georgia near the University of Georgia and Beechwood Shopping Center that has many chain and big box restaurants and stores. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2606.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGwinnett Place Mall is a largely vacant shopping mall located in the Pleasant Hill Road corridor of Duluth, Georgia. Once the leading mall in the region, the mall centered on one of the fastest-growing counties in the nation, until the openings of Mall of Georgia in Buford and Sugarloaf Mills in Lawrenceville. It was used as the Starcourt Mall filming location for the third season of Netflix's Stranger Things.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2649.0,2667.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWashington, D.C. is the United States capital. The city sits on the Potomac River and borders Maryland and Virginia. The city is home to the three branches of the federal government including the Capitol, the White House, and the Supreme Court. It is also home to various well-known museums and performing arts venues such as the Kennedy Center.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2667.0,2713.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBoston, Massachusetts is the capital and largest city in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The city was founded in 1630 by Puritan settlers. During the American Revolution, the city was the location of various key events including the Boston Tea Party, the Boston Massacre, and the siege of Boston.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2667.0,2713.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarry Phillips (1909-1985) was a United States Circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. He attended Cumberland University and Cumberland School of Law. He was in private practice in Watertown from 1935 to 1937, and served as a member of the Tennessee House of Representatives from 1935 to 1937, and then as an assistant state attorney general of Tennessee from 1937 to 1943. He was in the United States Navy during World War II, from 1943 to 1946, achieving the rank of Lieutenant Commander. In 1963, Phillips was nominated by President John F. Kennedy to a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. He served as Chief Judge until he died in 1985. In 1986, the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit named its Nashville satellite library after Judge Phillips in recognition of his lifelong commitment to legal scholarship.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=2943.0,2989.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlso known as Masorti Judaism, Conservative Judaism is a form of Judaism that seeks to preserve Jewish tradition and ritual, but has a more flexible approach to the interpretation of the law than Orthodox Judaism. It attempts to combine a positive attitude toward modern culture, while preserving a commitment to Jewish observance. In general, Conservative congregations also observe gender equality (mixed seating, women rabbis, and \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e). The governing body for Conservative Judaism in the United States is the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism (USCJ), formerly known as the United Synagogue of America.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3062.0,3123.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMarilyn E. Gootman, Ed.D., is the founder of Gootman Education Associates, an educational consulting company that provides workshops and seminars for parents and educators focusing on successful strategies for raising and teaching children. Dr. Gootman has been in the teaching profession for over twenty-five years, and her teaching experiences range from elementary school to the university level. She has authored numerous books and articles, and is known nationally for her advocacy efforts on behalf of children, parents, and teachers. She is a member of Congregation Children of Israel in Athens, Georgia, where she runs the synagogue’s PJ Library program and is a long-standing member of the temple’s education committee. She and her husband, Elliot, have three children.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3132.0,3194.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil Rights Movement encompasses social movements in the United States whose goal was to end racial segregation and discrimination against Black Americans and enforce constitutional voting rights to them. The movement was characterized by major campaigns of civil resistance. Between 1955 and 1968, acts of nonviolent protest and civil disobedience produced crisis situations between activists and government authorities. Noted legislative achievements during this phase of the Civil Rights Movement were passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the Immigration and Nationality Services Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3303.0,3306.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351/annotation_set/1462/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEric Mendel (1906-2004) was born in Germany and came to the United States in 1938. He worked in the clothing manufacturing business, owning a sewing plant in Ila, Georgia. He moved to Athens, Georgia in 1957 and moved to Florida in 1994. He had been a member of Congregation Children of Israel since 1953 and was their Treasurer for more than 30 years. He was married to Else Goldschmidt, and they had a son.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/133407/file/248351#t=3509.0,3515.0"}]}]}]}