{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/s756d5rh1g/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Koslow, Harold"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2025-02-25 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Koslow, Harold (Interviewee)","Rosenberg, Robin (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Jewish Oral History Collection","Shearith Israel's Presidents Program, Lessons in Leadership"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eHarold Koslow was interviewd by Robin Rosenberg on February 25, 2025, in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eHarold Koslow was born in Charleston, South Carolina on March 5, 1938. His parents were Henry and Rose Koslow, and he has one older sister, Harriet. Harold grew up in Charleston, where his father worked as a pharmacist and owned and operated Henry’s Drug Store. During his youth, Harold was active with AZA (Aleph Zadik Aleph) and the USY (United Synagogue Youth) and served as president for both groups.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHarold graduated from Rivers High School in Charleston and Emory University. In 1962, he was licensed as a pharmacist, and he worked as a pharmacist. He has been very active at Congregation Shearith Israel, serving on the Board of Trustees from May 1989 to March 2023 and president from 1995 to 1997. He also served as Cemetery Committee Chair. In 2022, he received Shearith Israel’s Joe Cohen Distinguished Service Award. Harold and his wife, Arlene Silver Koslow, have two daughters, Shana and Pia.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eHarold begins the interview by discussing serving on the Congregation Shearith Israel’s Board of Trustees for 34 years and as president from 1995 to 1997. He reflects on how the synagogue has changed since his time as president. He talks about the struggles when the congregation was exploring moving from an Orthodox congregation to a Conservative congregation. He shares how the Gettinger Commission met for almost a year looking at religious practices and the role of women in the congregation, and the recommendations they made. He remembers what a challenging time that was for the entire congregation.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHarold talks about some of the successes that were achieved during his presidency. He discusses the goals he had in mind during his presidency and how he worked with the board to avoid problems. He reflects on how he approached problems and worked to address them. He shares how Ed Krick and Aaron Feldman were mentors to him during his early years on the board. He talks about making the decision with his family to serve as president. He discusses experiences in his youth that helped to build his leadership skills.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHarold recalls what he learned from his time as congregation president. He shares what he thinks are important skills for board members and the president. He reflects on the biggest challenges and greatest strengths of the congregation as they face the future. He discusses the development of Shearith Israel’s pushke during his first Yom Kippur appeal and the success of the program. Harold also remembers organizing a past president Shabbat. He recalls his involvement with the bar and bat mitzvahs during his time as president. He concludes the interview by sharing about his wife, Arlene, involvement with Shearith Israel.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Koslow, Harold (b. 1938) (personal name)","Koslow, Arlene Silver (b. 1945) (personal name)","Gettinger, Max “Mike” (1911-2000) (personal name)","Krick, Edward “Ed” (1916-2000) (personal name)","Feldman, Aaron “Honey” (1919-2008) (personal name)","Frank, Tal (b. 1972) (personal name)","Frank, Pia Koslow (b. 1976) (personal name)","Hyman, Jack L. (b. 1955) (personal name)","Diskin, Alice Goncher Rich (1926-2006) (personal name)","Charleston, South Carolina (geographic term)","Congregation Shearith Israel (corporate name)","Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta (corporate name)","Aleph Zadik Aleph (AZA) (corporate name)","United Synagogue Youth (USY) (corporate name)","Orthodox Judaism (topical term)","Conservative Judaism (topical term)","The Joe Cohen Distinguished Service Award (topical term)","The Gertrude \u0026amp; Edward Krick Chesed Society (topical term)","High Holy Days (topical term)","Bar mitzvah (topical term)","Bat mitzvah (topical term)","Mechitza (topical term)","Yom Kippur (topical term)","Rosh HaShanah (topical term)","Shabbat (topical term)","Torah (topical term)","Kiddush (topical term)","Siddur (topical term)","Pushke (topical term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eHarold Koslow was interviewd by Robin Rosenberg on February 25, 2025, in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarold Koslow was born in Charleston, South Carolina on March 5, 1938. His parents were Henry and Rose Koslow, and he has one older sister, Harriet. Harold grew up in Charleston, where his father worked as a pharmacist and owned and operated Henry\u0026rsquo;s Drug Store. During his youth, Harold was active with AZA (Aleph Zadik Aleph) and the USY (United Synagogue Youth) and served as president for both groups.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHarold graduated from Rivers High School in Charleston and Emory University. In 1962, he was licensed as a pharmacist, and he worked as a pharmacist. He has been very active at Congregation Shearith Israel, serving on the Board of Trustees from May 1989 to March 2023 and president from 1995 to 1997. He also served as Cemetery Committee Chair. In 2022, he received Shearith Israel\u0026rsquo;s Joe Cohen Distinguished Service Award. Harold and his wife, Arlene Silver Koslow, have two daughters, Shana and Pia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarold begins the interview by discussing serving on the Congregation Shearith Israel\u0026rsquo;s Board of Trustees for 34 years and as president from 1995 to 1997. He reflects on how the synagogue has changed since his time as president. He talks about the struggles when the congregation was exploring moving from an Orthodox congregation to a Conservative congregation. He shares how the Gettinger Commission met for almost a year looking at religious practices and the role of women in the congregation, and the recommendations they made. He remembers what a challenging time that was for the entire congregation.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHarold talks about some of the successes that were achieved during his presidency. He discusses the goals he had in mind during his presidency and how he worked with the board to avoid problems. He reflects on how he approached problems and worked to address them. He shares how Ed Krick and Aaron Feldman were mentors to him during his early years on the board. He talks about making the decision with his family to serve as president. He discusses experiences in his youth that helped to build his leadership skills.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHarold recalls what he learned from his time as congregation president. He shares what he thinks are important skills for board members and the president. He reflects on the biggest challenges and greatest strengths of the congregation as they face the future. He discusses the development of Shearith Israel\u0026rsquo;s pushke during his first Yom Kippur appeal and the success of the program. Harold also remembers organizing a past president Shabbat. He recalls his involvement with the bar and bat mitzvahs during his time as president. He concludes the interview by sharing about his wife, Arlene, involvement with Shearith Israel.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/285/008/small/Koslow_Harold.mp4_1754843921.jpg?1754843925","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Koslow_Harold.mp4"]},"duration":2333.51701,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/285/008/small/Koslow_Harold.mp4_1754843921.jpg?1754843925","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/285/008/original/Koslow_Harold.mp4?1754843899","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":2333.51701,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/transcript/82370","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Koslow, Harold [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/transcript/82370/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eROSENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e Today is February 25, 2025. My name is Robin Rosenberg, and I am interviewing Harold Koslow, past president of Congregation Shearith Israel as part of Shearith Israel's Presidents Program, Lessons in Leadership. We are delighted to collaborate with the Breman Museum in recording this conversation. Thank you for taking the time to be here and thought we might start with the dates that you served and a bit about what the synagogue was like at that time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=0.0,32.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/transcript/82370/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKOSLOW:\u003c/strong\u003e First of all, thank you for having this project. I appreciate it, and I'm sure that history will prove you very, very correct in doing such a project as this, down the years, down the road, many years from now. I'm Harold Koslow, as you mentioned. I was president of Congregations Shearith Israel from May of 1995 through May of 1997. I served on the Board of Trustees for 34 continuous years from May of 1989 through March of 2023. A very enjoyable time. I learned a lot during those 34 years, and I'm very happy and proud to be able to relate what I can today for history, for posterity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=32.0,104.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/transcript/82370/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eROSENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e When you first joined the board what was the synagogue like or particularly during your presidency, how was it a little bit different maybe than today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=104.0,113.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/transcript/82370/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKOSLOW:\u003c/strong\u003e Back in the last century, in the 1980's, we had one rabbi. We had a staff of about seven or eight individuals. We had an executive director. We had a religious school director. We had a kitchen catering manager. We had three ladies in the office, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and one was an assistant to the rabbi. We had two of the technical staff, maintenance people, for a total of eight. At that point in time, there were approximately 800 or so family units back then and had just began a lot of Russian immigrants coming into the country and a lot of them joined Shearith Israel at that time. We ended up with about almost a 100 family units from Russia and we, of course, were the only synagogue in Atlanta at that time that was still offering as a right of membership, a free complementary cemetery plot. Most of the Russians were in their 60's, 70's, 80's, and for $18 a year, which was a special price that we offered them at that point in time, they were entitled to all of the rights of membership including the cemetery plot. It was a different time than what we have today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=113.0,231.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/transcript/82370/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eROSENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e There were some other changes between the time that you served even as president and today in the religious practices of the synagogue. Maybe talk about that and what the thinking was when you were there versus today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=231.0,249.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/transcript/82370/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKOSLOW:\u003c/strong\u003e It was a challenging time to say the least. We were in a period when there was a segment of the congregational population that was back from when the congregation was originally an Orthodox congregation, which is what it was when it was formed back in the early 1900's. They wanted to retain the aspects of the Orthodox rituals and traditions. Then we had a group at that point in time that were wanting to become more modern in practices. We actually classified ourselves in the 1980's and 1990's as a traditional congregation, which was a little bit less observant, a little bit less Orthodox, but not Conservative yet at that point. It was a very challenging time in that, trying to keep the different groups happy and satisfied with the way things were being run. We managed to keep both sides happy at that point in time. There was a group there at the end of my two-year term that actually were trying to get the board to consider joining the Conservative movement. It was a very challenging time, to say the least. We had a committee called the Gettinger Commission. I don't know if you remember or not, but Mike Gettinger was the executive director of the Atlanta Jewish Federation at that period. He was chair of the committee. Many met for almost a year and ended up with coming up with practices, religious practices that the role of women in the congregation as to what they could do and could not do, particularly with the bar and bat mitzvahs at that point in time, because up until that point bat mitzvahs were very limited in what the girl could do during the actual service. Gettinger Commission came out with their rules and regulations that they had discussed and finally decided upon back in May of 1989 and that was the ruling of the Gettinger Commission. But that was very, very challenging and at the end of the year's discussion, that was a very fulfilling time likewise because every side seem to have a little bit of what they wanted and we sort of were able to hold off for a number of years exactly. I think about four years before it finally came up again in the early 2000's when the congregation did decide and voted to join the Conservative movement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=249.0,482.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/transcript/82370/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eROSENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e Interesting times. What would you say was the most challenging part of your presidency?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=482.0,494.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/transcript/82370/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKOSLOW:\u003c/strong\u003e During that period when we were in the midst of the Gettinger deliberations was probably, I would say, very definitely the most challenging, trying to keep everybody happy. The old . . . You can't keep but a part of a population happy and if you can do enough of a piece of it, a majority, you're probably going to get as much as you can at that point in time. But it was difficult, it was yes, very difficult.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=494.0,538.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/transcript/82370/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eROSENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e As you went through your presidency . . . were there other things that were surprising or what do you think that is the most fulfilling thing that happened during that particular time?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=538.0,552.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/transcript/82370/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKOSLOW:\u003c/strong\u003e The successes that we did have were very, needless to say, happy, and we had some successes. We were able to do things that had not gotten accomplished up until that time. We did things, if I remember back exactly, timewise. We got the, during my two-year term, we got the bimah renovated for the handicapped. We had the ramp added on the right-hand side of the sanctuary. Up until that time, people who had whatever type of handicap really could not get up to the bimah because of the five or six steps in the way it had originally been built. We were able to get that handicapped section. We had to remove some seats at the very front, which was an issue, but we resolved that, and we accomplished the fact with the handicap access. We were able to get the results of the Gettinger Commission implemented without the roof falling in. Even though we had threats from some of the older members of the congregation at that point, we had a group of gentlemen sat on the back row there that really were very adamant in not changing most anything. They were eventually brought around to seeing progress had to be made. They finally came in line with the results. Things had a way of happening with positive results, even though it was difficult initially.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=552.0,693.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/transcript/82370/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eROSENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e What do you think you uniquely brought to this role, particularly, in such a stressful situation, and did you have a specific goal in mind when you stepped into the position?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=693.0,707.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/transcript/82370/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKOSLOW:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, I wanted to be able to make sure that we maintained our individuality as a congregation because we were very unique for a few years in that we were probably the only so-called traditional congregation in practice, having both male and female mechitzas in the sanctuary. Allowing those who still wanted to observe the separation during the rituals and Saturday morning services. Then the majority of the congregation had mixed seating in the center sections of the congregation. It was a meeting of the minds, shall we say, and trying to make everybody as happy as possible under the circumstances.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=707.0,770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/transcript/82370/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eROSENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . Do you think you brought skills that maybe other people would have needed to accomplish that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=770.0,777.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/transcript/82370/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKOSLOW:\u003c/strong\u003e What I tried to do in order to avoid problems, shall we say, mishigas [Yiddish: craziness or nonsense] along the way. I would make certain before any issue came up to the executive committee that I actually, I talked to the ones with the loudest voices on the committee and I actually got them to go along with what we were trying to accomplish with that particular issue. My vice presidents, the secretary, treasurer. Once we had a good portion of the committee in line. Then the executive committee discussed it and took a position on it, and then it came to the board. But I knew in advance before this happened that it was going to [be] a positive vote on it. I tried not to bring anything up that I knew I didn't have the support and the vote of the folks that were in charge at that particular time in order to be able to avoid problems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=777.0,854.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/transcript/82370/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eROSENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e When you think back, is there anything that you might have done differently when you consider all that was going on or how you approached it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=854.0,864.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/transcript/82370/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKOSLOW:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't really know if I would have done anything other than what we did. I knew if I saw something was not going to pass, there were too many dissenting voices in the group, then we would either wait until we could have more discussions and deliberations and get it to the point where we knew it would pass. It wouldn't become an issue or a problem. One thing that we did do, we made certain that the congregation knew that all board meetings were open to all congregants and anyone was free to come in and sit as an observer and to keep people knowledgeable of what was going on at the time because there were a lot of issues, particularly with the rituals and with the services, with the role of women. Which for several years before it finally got resolved that could have become a really a bigger issue than what it was, and we tried to contain that and to resolve it peacefully and as positively as could be done.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=864.0,945.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/transcript/82370/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eROSENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e You talked about seeking counsel, bringing people into the circle and that kind of thing. Were there, and who did you go to to discuss a strategy? Did you have a mentor, a previous president or a wise soul out there that you felt . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=945.0,964.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/transcript/82370/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKOSLOW:\u003c/strong\u003e I had actually two. I'm sure you remember Ed Krick and Aaron Feldman were the two past presidents that I went to. In fact, I actually had them mentoring me when I was first vice president before I became president to be certain of what I was going to be running into and to get their advice, their ideas on several particular issues that I knew were going to be coming up. When I did become president, they were very, very helpful, very wise in their suggestions, I would call it to me. During my two year term they actually helped me avoid pitfalls. It was good to have people that were willing to give me of their time and their wisdom, the information, and the direction that I really needed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=964.0,1046.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/transcript/82370/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eROSENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e You are unique in that this is a family enterprise being president of Shearith Israel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=1046.0,1056.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/transcript/82370/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKOSLOW:\u003c/strong\u003e I think you're referring to the fact that I have a son-in-law . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=1056.0,1061.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/transcript/82370/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eROSENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . Exactly . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=1061.0,1062.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/transcript/82370/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKOSLOW:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . Who is a past president, and I have a daughter who was very active holding some board positions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=1062.0,1072.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/transcript/82370/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eROSENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e This is usually where I ask what impact did your presidency have on you and your family? How did it? Clearly, they must have been inspired. That's part of it, I would imagine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=1072.0,1090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/transcript/82370/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKOSLOW:\u003c/strong\u003e There was a time prior to my actually becoming president when we had family discussions as to whether I should go up the ladder, so to speak and because of time commitment. Both of my daughters were still in school at that point in time here. We went both ways, trying to figure out what was the correct way actually to go. We finally went ahead and made the decision that it was the time at that moment that we decided to go ahead with it. Bear in mind that I had had a lot of training, so to speak, as a youth, because I was very active in AZA [Aleph Zadik Aleph], as Aleph Godol [President], my hometown. I was also president of the USY [United Synagogue Youth] chapter in my hometown of Charleston [South Carolina]. My senior year in high school, we actually had the Southeastern Regional Convention in Charleston while I was president. We home has almost 200 out of town USYers from Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina, four states. I was very active in college, going up with the college fraternity, being a master or president of my college fraternity my senior years. I had experience in organizational activities growing up and it wasn't completely brand to me when I was an adult and joined Shearith that enter the political aspect of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=1090.0,1236.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/transcript/82370/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eROSENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e Having had experience in leadership, are there additional things that impacted you or things that you learned about yourself or as a community member? What did you learn from this experience that was a little bit different than other ways you had leadership jobs?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=1236.0,1259.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/transcript/82370/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKOSLOW:\u003c/strong\u003e What did I actually learn? I knew from previous organizational work that you sometimes have to possibly lose a battle every now and then if you expect to win the war later on with more important issues. You sort of have to be able to give and take when you know that things are not going to work out the way you would really want. Sometimes you have to lower your expectation of what you're trying to accomplish. You have to realize that it's not always going to be exactly the way that you anticipate and imagine it. It was a learning experience a lot of the time, and you thought things would work out one way and somehow along the path, it sort of veered off some way other than what you had anticipated. But you have to have a vision of what you're headed towards. You have to have a goal, and you have to have a way to get there. It takes time, things don't happen overnight. It's like I say, it's a learning experience along the way but you have to do some things and find ways to get your accomplishment actually in place.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=1259.0,1375.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/transcript/82370/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eROSENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you think there are particular qualities that are absolutely necessary to be an effective president? Maybe, there's two parts really to this question. What do you think a board member needs to bring to be effective? Then what are the things that a president needs to be to bring to be effect?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=1375.0,1398.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/transcript/82370/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKOSLOW:\u003c/strong\u003e Very definitely you need to have the time which it certainly does take to get involved in any type of organizational work, to be able to attend meetings and be active in certain aspects of it. You definitely need to be a team player. You have to be able to go along with whatever the majority of the group decides. This is the way it's going to work out and you have to be able to be along with that in that regard. You have to really set your mind on how you're going to get to a certain point and what's the mechanism involved to get there. It sometimes takes a little longer than what you may plan, what you anticipate, but you sort of have to go with the flow and the way things work out. The biggest thing I think is a time commitment, an agreement with whatever your goals are and at the end of the road, so to speak. To be this team player that has to happen to make it really a positive situation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=1398.0,1497.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/transcript/82370/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eROSENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e Based on your wisdom and experience and thinking about Shearith Israel's strengths and challenges today, what advice, and I think you've given a good bit of it, could you offer to Shearith's future leaders? Part of that question is, what do you see as the biggest challenges today? What are the greatest strengths? How will the future leadership of the synagogue use both of those.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=1497.0,1529.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/transcript/82370/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKOSLOW:\u003c/strong\u003e Naturally a lot of the things I've already mentioned are involved as far as board members. The synagogue itself needs to have a purpose, a vision, a mission and it has to have a group of individuals that are in agreement with everything, so that you don't have dissension within the powers that be. As far as Shearith and the future right now, they're in the process of building for the future a new so-called campus, a new physical structure and at the same time they need to be aware that they have to have the right individuals in place to lead it, and it has to be a joint commitment on everything that's involved. It's not something that will happen overnight. It's a long-term process, taking several years. It's . . . trying to think of the right adjective to describe the working of it, but at any rate it's something that you have to really, really plan out and have a joint agreement on where you're going and how you're going to get there. That basically is that, besides being a team player with the group that's actually in charge at that particular moment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=1529.0,1657.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/transcript/82370/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eROSENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e You have a lot of history that you bring and a lot of good stories and a few other things I think you probably could take this opportunity to share.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=1657.0,1667.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/transcript/82370/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKOSLOW:\u003c/strong\u003e Very definitely. Back when I was initially, the first couple of months in my presidency, in the summer of 1995, heading towards my first High Holiday experience and my first Yom Kippur appeal, I think at that time we called it, and now today it's a little different type of situation. But a couple of weeks before the High Holidays, before Rosh HaShanah, I was sitting at home with my wife and noticed the JNF [Jewish National Fund] little blue pushke that everyone has in their home, put the loose coins in, the change in every week. Anyway, my wife and I were talking, and I says, \"I wonder why we don't have a pushke for Shearith.\" I thought about it for a while, and anyway, I realized we needed to have a purpose, a goal for it. We decided that the monies raised from a pushke for Shearith would go towards the religious school education, which really would be an investment in future generations. L'dor V'dor. [Hebrew: From generation to generation] At that time, Jack Hyman, who was our vice president for education was talking with me and I said, \"Jack, I'd like you to do me a favor. I want to get a pushke similar to the JNF pushke ready for Yom Kippur so that as part of my presentation for the drives that we'd be able to have a hundred or so more of the pushkes at least ready to distribute after people and people were walking out of the service that evening.\" Within a couple of weeks, Jack obtained someone who could design a pushke. This is actually the original pushke back from 1995. [Memoirist holds it up] We have used over the last thirty years now averaging around two to three thousand dollars a year that we would raise from these things being filled up and brought in. Over the last 30 years, 20 times $2 or $3000 a year you're looking at between $60 to $70,000 dollars that this little container here has raised for educational purposes here at Shearith. It was almost a mighty miracle that we were able to get this thing from concept to completion within two or three weeks in time for the High Holidays, which I thought was not possible. One other thing that after I finished my term as president and I do think that presidents offer a very priceless opportunity for the congregation in their experience and their time that they serve as president to offer to the congregation something. I thought, well, let's have a past presidents' Shabbat along with all of the other Shabbats, which was another mechanism to get people to come to services on Saturday morning. We have a Veterans Day Shabbat. We have lawyers' Shabbat. We have a health providers' Shabbat. We have the usual and customary Sisterhood Shabbat, Men's Club. Anyway, we had a past president Shabbat where I actually chaired it a couple of years after I was president and got, I think about 14 or 15 past presidents to participate, read Torah, actually run the entire service and had a really fabulous kiddush. Each past president contributes towards it financially and we had great time. I had hoped it would become an annual thing, but unfortunately it was a single occasion, and we have yet to have a second one. Hopefully, down the road, the future president, you being on the executive committee there in line, you might be able to get something to happen in that regard. My last Shabbat which would have been, actually may have been Shabbat or two before my term ended in May of 1997. We actually called it the B\u0026B Shabbat, bar mitzvah and bat mitzvah Shabbat. In each of the 24, there happened to be a total of 24 kids that had their bar and bat mitzvahs during my term as president, and I actually presented their siddur. At that time, the president of the congregation back in those days used to sit on the bimah for the service on Saturday mornings, along with the rabbi. At any rate, I guess it was the second or third Shabbat before the end of my term, we had this B\u0026B Shabbat. During the service, each of the 24 young students, male and female, they were all assigned to a particular role, a particular spot. As each one did their Aliyah, read Torah, conducted Shacharit or Mussaf or Torah service, I had a yarmulke from their bar or bat mitzvah. I had them stacked up in order that they were going to be . . . leading the service. As each student did their role, I would take their yarmulke, put it on my head, and I kept changing 24 times during the service, the yarmulkes. The yarmulkes are all different designs and fabric. At no point in time did anybody ever mention anything to me. At the very end of the service, the rabbi at that time asked if they had noticed anything unusual going on on the bimah during the service that day. Silence in the sanctuary. Nobody said anything. Finally, one of the students had been coached in advance that if no one said anything, they would pipe up with what had gone on. But it was interesting that I was able to keep up with the yarmulkes with changing it as each kid did their part in the service. It was little things like that that made it enjoyable. I know for each bar and bat mitzvah, I would try and talk with the parents and talk with the student before their bar and bat mitzvah to get something that they were going to be talking about in their little speech, their little d'var Torah, and I would expound on that when I made the presentation of the siddur and the other little gifts that they got. There was one congregant, every Saturday there was a bar or bat mitzvah, she would talk to me during the kiddush after the service and tell me what she interpreted from what the kid had said, and what I said about what the kid was saying. That made it really . . . the fact that she actually analyzed the comments made it worth my while to spend the time to prepare in advance for that. That was Alice Rich Diskin. She was the only one that ever said anything to me about it, because it was a little bit more than just the presentation that they do today that I'm sure you've seen, where it's one, two, three, and 30 seconds, and that's it. But the things like that made it enjoyable and worthwhile with the time involved to get everything done and prepared.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=1667.0,2243.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/transcript/82370/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eROSENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e I want to thank you for taking the time to meet with me and talk about this. I have to say thank you to your entire family who are so much a part of Shearith Israel, because you didn't mention Arlene. Arlene Koslow, who has had her own success in many, many places at Shearith Israel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=2243.0,2266.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/transcript/82370/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKOSLOW:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . Actually, I deliberately waited for you to mention something because I knew you would, but she has her own area of expertise in that she has chaired the Chesed Society, the Gertrude and Edward Crick Chesed Society for almost 30 years now. Hopefully will be retiring sometime in the near future and someone else will be continuing, hopefully, with the activities of that group. But very definitely she has her own expertise and was recognized back in 2010, if you remember, with a Joe Cohen award.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=2266.0,2323.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/transcript/82370/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eROSENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e Hopefully we'll have a chance to interview her also at some point. Thank you. Thank you again for sharing the time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=2323.0,2330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/transcript/82370/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKOSLOW:\u003c/strong\u003e My pleasure, it was.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=2330.0,2332.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/annotation_set/1967","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/annotation_set/1967/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRobin Yudelson Rosenberg (b. 1950) is an Atlanta, Georgia native, and daughter of Harold and Jane Zion Yudelson. She attended Northside High School and the University of Pennsylvania. In 1981, she married Fredric Rosenberg. She has worked in commercial real estate for 40 years. Robin has been active at Congregation Shearith Israel, serving as secretary, co-chaired Rabbi Kaiman’s installation, and on the shul’s strategic planning and social committees. She has also been active with various community organizations including president of the Epstein School.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=0.0,32.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/annotation_set/1967/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1904, Congregation Shearith Israel began as a congregation that met in the homes of congregants until 1906 when they began using a Methodist church on Hunter Street. After World War II, Rabbi Tobias Geffen moved the congregation to University Drive, where it became the first synagogue in DeKalb County. In the 1960s, they removed the barrier between the men’s and women’s sections in the sanctuary, and officially became affiliated with the Conservative movement in 2002. As of 2022, the current Senior Rabbi of the congregation is Ari Kaiman.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=0.0,32.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/annotation_set/1967/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum in Atlanta celebrates and commemorates Jewish history, culture, and art through events and museum spaces. The Breman also contains the Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History, which houses thousands of manuscripts, oral histories, and photograph collections, related to southern Jewish history and the Holocaust. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=0.0,32.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/annotation_set/1967/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the written Torah and the oral law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays, and more.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=249.0,482.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/annotation_set/1967/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlso known as Masorti Judaism, Conservative Judaism is a form of Judaism that seeks to preserve Jewish tradition and ritual, but has a more flexible approach to the interpretation of the law than Orthodox Judaism. It attempts to combine a positive attitude toward modern culture, while preserving a commitment to Jewish observance. In general, Conservative congregations also observe gender equality (mixed seating, women rabbis, and bat mitzvah). The governing body for Conservative Judaism in the United States is the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism (USCJ), formerly known as the United Synagogue of America.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=249.0,482.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/annotation_set/1967/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMax C. (Mike) Gettinger (1911-2000) forged a life-long career in Jewish social services in both the United States and Israel. He became the executive director of the Atlanta Jewish Federation in 1962, a post he kept until 1982. During his leadership, the Federation experienced tremendous growth and re-organization. Gettinger authored the book Coming of Age: the Atlanta Jewish Federation, 1962-1982 which was published in 1994.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=249.0,482.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/annotation_set/1967/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJewish Federation of Greater Atlanta is a regional branch of Jewish Federations of North America. It is an organization that focuses on serving the Atlanta Jewish community through philanthropic endeavors such as supporting infrastructure, including schools and synagogues. Federation supports the Jewish community but also welcomes people of various backgrounds, including interfaith, LGBT+, and multiracial people and families.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=249.0,482.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/annotation_set/1967/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA bar mitzvah [Hebrew: son of commandments; plural: b’nai mitzvah] is a rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day. At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes. He is now duty-bound to keep the commandments, he puts on tefillin, and may be counted to the minyan quorum for public worship. He celebrates the bar mitzvah by being called up to the reading of the Torah in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=249.0,482.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/annotation_set/1967/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA bat mitzvah [Hebrew: daughter of commandments] is a rite of passage for Jewish girls aged 12 years and one day according to her Hebrew birthday. Many girls have their bat mitzvah around age 13, the same as boys who have their bar mitzvah at that age. The bat mitzvah girl is now duty bound to keep the commandments. Synagogue ceremonies are held for bat mitzvah girls in Reform and Conservative communities, but it has not won the approval of Orthodox rabbis.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=249.0,482.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/annotation_set/1967/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for “platform.” The bimah is a raised structure in the synagogue from which the Torah is read and from which prayers are led.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=552.0,693.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/annotation_set/1967/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA mechitza is a physical divider placed between the men’s and women’s sections in Orthodox synagogues and at religious celebrations. In some synagogues, a balcony (usually with a 3-foot wall) where women sit, serves the same function as a mechitza. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=707.0,770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/annotation_set/1967/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEdward “Ed” David Krick (1916-2000) was one of three children born in Atlanta, Georgia to Isaac Krick and Etta Levin Krick. Ed grew up in the Washington-Rawson neighborhood. He started out in the grocery business with his brothers and later went into real estate. He and his wife, Gertrude Fierman Krick, raised two children and were active in the Atlanta Jewish community. As a young man he was active in the Shearith Israel Juniors, a chapter of Young Judaea. Ed served as president of Congregation Shearith Israel, and on the boards of the Atlanta Jewish Federation, the Atlanta Jewish Community Center and the Zionist Organization of America. Ed was also a co-founder and later president of the Greenfield Hebrew Academy, where Gertrude served as assistant principal in the late 1970s and into the 1980s. Ed and Gertrude’s papers and oral histories are housed at the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=964.0,1046.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/annotation_set/1967/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAaron “Honey” Feldman (1919-2008) was born in Poland and later immigrated to United States. He served as president of Congregation Shearith Israel. He was active in various organizations including the Georgia Package Stores Institute, Atlanta Tax-Paid Liquor Council, and the Progressive Club. He was a veteran of World War II. In 1946, he married Hilda Gonchar, and they had three children.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=964.0,1046.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/annotation_set/1967/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTal Frank (b. 1972) attended Columbus Academy in Columbus, Ohio. He graduated from Ohio State University. He has worked for PhysicianLoans since 1997 and has been president since 2013. Tal served as president of Shearith Israel and also served as the co-chair of the Men’s Club for synagogue. He is married to Pia Koslow and they have four children.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=1056.0,1061.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/annotation_set/1967/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePia Koslow Frank (b. 1976) is an Atlanta, Georgia native. She is the daughter of Harold and Arlene Koslow. She attended Paideia High School and George Washington University. She graduated from Emory University School of Law. She is a family law attorney and mediator. Pia has been active in Congregation Shearith Israel including the Rabbi Search Committee, Sisterhood, the Strategic Planning Committee and serving as the Organizational Vice President. She is married to Tal Frank, and they have four children.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=1062.0,1072.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/annotation_set/1967/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAleph Zadik Aleph (AZA) is an international youth-led fraternal organization for Jewish teenage boys. Its sister organization for teenage girls is B'nai B'rith Girls (BBG). B'nai B'rith Youth Organization, now BBYO, is an umbrella organization including Jewish teens in both AZA and BBG.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=1090.0,1236.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/annotation_set/1967/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eUnited Synagogue Youth (USY) and Kadima are the official youth organizations of the Conservative movement of Judaism. USY was founded in 1951 and has grown from a handful of chapters to an international organization with thousands of high school age members. In 1964, Kadima was formalized as a separate entity for pre-USY age young people. USY was conceived as a means of meeting the social, educational, religious, and recreational needs of Jewish teenagers. The organization seeks to involve teenagers in synagogue life and help build the Jewish community of the future. As a Zionist organization, it also works to build a relationship between Israel and Jewish youth in America.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=1090.0,1236.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/annotation_set/1967/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCharleston, South Carolina is a port city that was founded in 1670 and is now the largest city in South Carolina. It was originally known as Charles Town and sits at an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean formed by the Ashley, Cooper and Wando rivers. The city was a major slave trading port in the 18th century. The American Civil War started in Charleston Harbor with the Confederate army firing on the Union’s Fort Sumter.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=1090.0,1236.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/annotation_set/1967/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe High Holy Days are the two holiest times of the Jewish calendar: Rosh HaShanah (Jewish New Year) and Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=1667.0,2243.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/annotation_set/1967/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYom Kippur [Hebrew: “day of atonement”] The most sacred day of the Jewish year. Yom Kippur is a 25-hour fast day. Most of the day is spent in prayer, reciting yizkor for deceased relatives, confessing sins, requesting divine forgiveness, and listening to Torah readings and sermons. People greet each other with the wish that they may be sealed in the heavenly book for a good year ahead. The day ends with the blowing of the shofar (a ram’s horn).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=1667.0,2243.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/annotation_set/1967/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRosh HaShanah [Hebrew: head of the year] begins the cycle of High Holy Days. It introduces the Ten Days of Penitence, when Jews examine their souls and take stock of their actions. On the tenth day is Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement. The tradition is that on Rosh HaShanah, G-d sits in judgment on humanity. Then the fate of every living creature is inscribed in the Book of Life or the Book of Death. Prayer and repentance before the sealing of the books on Yom Kippur may revoke these decisions.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=1667.0,2243.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/annotation_set/1967/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish National Fund (JNF) is a non-profit organization founded in 1901 to purchase land for Jewish settlements. Since its founding, JNF has evolved into a global environmental organization by planting more than 250,000,000 trees, building over 240 reservoirs and dams, developing over 250,000 acres of land, creating more than 2,000 parks, providing the infrastructure for over 1,000 communities, and connecting children and young adults to Israel and their heritage. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=1667.0,2243.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/annotation_set/1967/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA pushke is a Yiddish word that refers to a small box or container that is used as a receptacle for charitable donations. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=1667.0,2243.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/annotation_set/1967/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJack L. Hyman (b. 1955) was born in New York. He attended Stuyvesant High School and attended Kingsborough Community College and the University of Albany. He is the General Manager of Office Furniture Expo. He has served as vice president of education at Congregation Shearith Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=1667.0,2243.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/annotation_set/1967/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShabbat (Hebrew) or Shabbos/Shabbes (Yiddish) is the Jewish Sabbath and is observed on Saturdays. Shabbat observance entails refraining from work activities and engaging in restful activities to honor the day. Shabbat begins at sundown on Friday night and is ushered in by lighting candles and reciting a blessing. It is closed the following evening with the recitation of the havdalah blessing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=1667.0,2243.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/annotation_set/1967/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA Sisterhood is a group of women in a synagogue congregation who join together to offer social, cultural, educational, and volunteer service opportunities. Its male counterpart is called either a \"Brotherhood\" or a \"Men's Club.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=1667.0,2243.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/annotation_set/1967/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTorah [Hebrew: teaching] is a general term that covers all Jewish law including the vast mass of teachings recorded in the Talmud and other rabbinical works. “Sefer Torah” refers to the sacred scroll on which the first five books of the Bible (the Pentateuch) are written, but it is often shortened simply to \"Torah\" in casual speech and writing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=1667.0,2243.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/annotation_set/1967/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKiddush [Hebrew: sanctification] is a blessing recited over wine or grape juice to sanctify the Sabbath and Jewish holidays. In many synagogues congregants gather for Kiddush reception after the Friday night or Saturday morning service to recite the blessing over wine or grape juice and have something to eat.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=1667.0,2243.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/annotation_set/1967/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA siddur is a Jewish prayer book, containing a set order of daily prayers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=1667.0,2243.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/annotation_set/1967/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e‘Getting an Aliyah’ [Hebrew: ascent or rise] refers to being called up to the bimah [Hebrew: platform] and reciting a blessing during the Torah reading in synagogue. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=1667.0,2243.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/annotation_set/1967/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShacharit is the morning prayer of Judaism. It one of three daily prayers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=1667.0,2243.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/annotation_set/1967/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMussaf is an additional service that is recited on Shabbat and certain festivals. It is held immediately following the morning service.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=1667.0,2243.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/annotation_set/1967/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJewish men cover their heads during prayer with a small skullcap called a yarmulke (Yiddish), kippah (Hebrew) or yamaka (Yiddish). Orthodox Jewish men wear it at all times to remind themselves of G-d’s presence.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=1667.0,2243.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/annotation_set/1967/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA D'var Torah (Plural: Divrei Torah), also known as a Drasha in Ashkenazic communities, is a talk on topics relating to a section (parashah) of the Torah, typically the weekly Torah reading.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=1667.0,2243.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/annotation_set/1967/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlice Goncher Rich Diskin (1926-2006) was a native of Atlanta who, for 25 years, co-managed the Congregation Shearith Israel gift shop with Faye Tenenbaum. The gift shop was renamed Alice’s Riches when she retired as manager. Before marriage, she worked at the Hebrew Orphans Home, and with her first husband Sidney Rich, managed the family’s grocery business. She was a volunteer with Dial-a-Ride Transportation Services (DARTS) and the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum. She received the first Joe Cohen Distinguished Service Award, the Woman of Achievement Award, and the Light of Torah Award from the National Women's League of Conservative Judaism.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=1667.0,2243.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/annotation_set/1967/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eArlene Silver Koslow (b. 1945) grew up in Florida and is the daughter of Ruth and Ben Silver. She attended Miami Beach High School and the University of Miami. She graduated from the Woodrow Wilson College of Law. Arlene opened her own law firm in 1985, and the practice is now run by her daughter, Pia. She is married to Harold Koslow, and in additional to Pia, they have another daughter. She and Harold are members of Congregation Shearith Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=2243.0,2266.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/annotation_set/1967/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Gertrude \u0026amp; Edward Krick Chesed Society at Congregation Shearith Israel was created in 1999 with funds from Gertrude and Edward Krick. The Chesed Society’s mission is to offer support, comfort, consolation or congratulations for various circumstances and experiences of congregational members and their family. A few of their activities include providing a shiva meal for a family, visiting the ill or those recuperating, and providing a basket to a family with a new baby.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=2266.0,2323.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008/annotation_set/1967/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Joe Cohen Distinguished Service Award was originally known as the Shearith Israel Distinguished Service Award. It was renamed for Congregation Shearith Israel member Joe Cohen, who owned Joe Cohen’s Grocery Store. He passed away in May 1983. The award is given annually to a member of the congregation for their service to the synagogue.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/155231/file/285008#t=2266.0,2323.0"}]}]}]}