{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/rx93777x12/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Diskin, Alice Goncher Rich"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2002-12-10 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Diskin, Alice Goncher Rich (Interviewee)","Michalove, Michelle (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Audio"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAlice Goncher Rich Diskin was interviewed by Michelle Michalove on December 10, 2002 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eAlice Goncher Rich Diskin was born in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1926 to Sam Goncher and Ida Netkoff Goncher. Her father owned Goncher Tailor Shop in Atlanta. Alice’s mother was a dressmaker and helped in the shop. Her mother arrived to the United States at age 16 from Poland. Alice was the youngest of her three siblings, Lottie Goncher Rosenthal, Meyer Goncher, and Goldie Goncher Stampfer. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eThe family were members of Congregation Shearith Israel. Alice attended James L. Key elementary school and Hope Smith High School for junior high school. She later attended Georgia State University evening school for social work. Before marriage, Alice worked at the Hebrew Orphan’s Home. She helped manage the family grocery business with her first husband, Sidney Rich. For more than 25 years, Alice co-managed the Congregation Shearith Israel gift shop. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAlice married Sidney Rich in 1947. They have three children, Marilyn Rich Shure, Elliot Rich, and Steve Rich, and many grandchildren. Alice married Bob Diskin after her first husband’s passing. \u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eAlice begins the interview talking about her parents and her grandparent’s immigration histories to the United States. She talks about her siblings and shares the many of her earliest childhood memories living in Grant Park, a neighborhood near downtown Atlanta. She talks about the family attending Shearith Israel and remembers walking to the synagogue with a procession of others from the neighborhood. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAlice talks about her fondest childhood memories. She describes boarders who had lived at the family house and her mother’s involvement with helping Jewish refugees to Atlanta during World War II. Alice talks about her grade school years and reflects on her interests outside of school, such as biking and climbing trees. She talks about celebrating High Holy Days with her family and describes the foods they cooked. She describes the various Jewish organizations she belonged to as a young adult and talks about her parents’ involvement with Jewish organizations. She reflects on working at Shearith Israel’s gift shop and spending much time at the synagogue in her later years. She remembers the rabbis at Shearith Israel. She reflects on the importance of integrity, friendships, and family. She reflects on the importance of participating in the community and the importance of leaving a good name. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eShe talks about her marriage to Sidney Rich and working with him in the family grocery business. She talks about their children and the fun they had playing together.  She talks about her marriage to Bob Diskin after her first husband’s passing.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAlice Goncher Rich Diskin was interviewed by Michelle Michalove on December 10, 2002 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlice Goncher Rich Diskin was born in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1926 to Sam Goncher and Ida Netkoff Goncher. Her father owned Goncher Tailor Shop in Atlanta. Alice\u0026rsquo;s mother was a dressmaker and helped in the shop. Her mother arrived to the United States at age 16 from Poland. Alice was the youngest of her three siblings, Lottie Goncher Rosenthal, Meyer Goncher, and Goldie Goncher Stampfer.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eThe family were members of Congregation Shearith Israel. Alice attended James L. Key elementary school and Hope Smith High School for junior high school. She later attended Georgia State University evening school for social work. Before marriage, Alice worked at the Hebrew Orphan\u0026rsquo;s Home. She helped manage the family grocery business with her first husband, Sidney Rich. For more than 25 years, Alice co-managed the Congregation Shearith Israel gift shop.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAlice married Sidney Rich in 1947. They have three children, Marilyn Rich Shure, Elliot Rich, and Steve Rich, and many grandchildren. Alice married Bob Diskin after her first husband\u0026rsquo;s passing.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlice begins the interview talking about her parents and her grandparent\u0026rsquo;s immigration histories to the United States. She talks about her siblings and shares the many of her earliest childhood memories living in Grant Park, a neighborhood near downtown Atlanta. She talks about the family attending Shearith Israel and remembers walking to the synagogue with a procession of others from the neighborhood.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAlice talks about her fondest childhood memories. She describes boarders who had lived at the family house and her mother\u0026rsquo;s involvement with helping Jewish refugees to Atlanta during World War II. Alice talks about her grade school years and reflects on her interests outside of school, such as biking and climbing trees. She talks about celebrating High Holy Days with her family and describes the foods they cooked. She describes the various Jewish organizations she belonged to as a young adult and talks about her parents\u0026rsquo; involvement with Jewish organizations. She reflects on working at Shearith Israel\u0026rsquo;s gift shop and spending much time at the synagogue in her later years. She remembers the rabbis at Shearith Israel. She reflects on the importance of integrity, friendships, and family. She reflects on the importance of participating in the community and the importance of leaving a good name.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eShe talks about her marriage to Sidney Rich and working with him in the family grocery business. She talks about their children and the fun they had playing together. \u0026nbsp;She talks about her marriage to Bob Diskin after her first husband\u0026rsquo;s passing.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Diskin__Alice_Rich.mp3"]},"duration":5895.96735,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/284/041/original/Diskin__Alice_Rich.mp3?1754495739","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":5895.96735,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Diskin, Alice Goncher Rich [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMICHALOVE:\u003c/strong\u003e This is Michelle Michalove interviewing Alice Diskin on December 10, 2002, for the Jewish History Project of Atlanta, co-sponsored by the American Jewish Committee, the Atlanta Jewish Federation, and the National Council of Jewish Women. Alice, when and where were you born?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=0.5225,22.99"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDISKIN:\u003c/strong\u003e I was born in Atlanta, December 30, 1926.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=22.99,29.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMICHALOVE:\u003c/strong\u003e Tell me about what your parents did for a living.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=29.0,33.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDISKIN:\u003c/strong\u003e My father [Sam Goncher] was a tailor. He had a tailor shop [Goncher Tailor Shop] on North Avenue, 53 North Avenue, which was next door to The Varsity. Actually, he was there first, then the Varsity came in. He remained there until he passed away in 1941. My mother [Ida Netkoff Goncher] was his helper because she was pretty much a dressmaker of her own rights. The rest of the time she spent volunteering or housewifing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=33.0,68.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMICHALOVE:\u003c/strong\u003e What were your earliest memories of your home life? Your parents and your grandparents and siblings? What were the names of your siblings?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=68.0,78.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDISKIN:\u003c/strong\u003e My older sister was Lottie [Goncher Rosenthal]. Then came my brother Meyer [Goncher]. Lotti was born in 1919. Meyer was born in 1921. Goldie [Goncher Stampfer] was born in 1920. No, that's not right. You want to roll it back? Goldie, was born 1922. There is more space there than I thought. I was born in 1926.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=78.0,117.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMICHALOVE:\u003c/strong\u003e Tell me about the earliest memories that you have of your family and what you did with your siblings.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=117.0,126.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDISKIN:\u003c/strong\u003e My earliest memories were on Ormond Street, which is where we lived from the time that I was three months old. Moved in there on April Fool's Day 1927. I remained there until I got married and even lived there about six months after I got married. There was 13 years difference between me and my oldest sister. My father had been ill off and on for quite a while with Bright's disease, which is now known as a kidney problem. I was best if I was quiet and out of the way. I tried to do that. My earliest memories are about that plant that I remember my mother telling my father it was time to take out in the spring and it was time to bring it in in the winter. I still have that plant growing. It's a cast iron plant, I think they call it. We had a boarder, whose name was Mr. Hollowell [sp]. All he did was sit on the front porch in a rocking chair. He had a straw hat he used to put on the floor beside his chair. I remember saying, “I'm going to sit on your hat.” He said, “No you won't.” And I did. That's the first spanking that I remember. I'm sure there were some before that. I must have been about four at the time. And there were lots of them after that. But that's my earliest, my really earliest memory. That, plus sitting in the high chair, four or five years old, on a Friday afternoon after the kitchen floor had been mopped. I was put away in the corner where it was already clean. Because I was kind of anemic, I used to get a special extra piece of meat that nobody else got. I never could tell what it was until one day I burned a veal chop. That same flavor came back, and I realized that that was what my mother had been giving me as a special treat on a Friday afternoon before dinner time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=126.0,274.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMICHALOVE:\u003c/strong\u003e Did your grandparents immigrate to the United States?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=274.0,278.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDISKIN:\u003c/strong\u003e My grandmother came. She was the last one in my mother's family to come over with my mother’s brother. They came in the late 1920s, after I was born. Of course, she never did really learn to speak English, but she got married again after she was here. She married Shamos Krick [sp]. Sam Krick. They lived quite a few years together over on Washington Street. He was a shochet. He used to walk up and down the hall of the house with the knife between his lips. He had a red, kind of red beard mustache. I was scared to death of him. The chickens would jump around in the backyard. There was no back door. My bubbe used to make cookies that were the world's worst and make me eat those with a glass of milk from a yahrzeit light, the glass. I could still taste the wax. Everybody talks about their fond memories of their grandmother's cooking. She was absolutely the worst, and my mother ended up being the best. There were no grandparents on the other side. They had long since died in Russia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=278.0,370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMICHALOVE:\u003c/strong\u003e Did your parents share with you anything about their immigration to the United States?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=370.0,379.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDISKIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Not really. I used to always ask my mother. She was the first one in her family to come. She came when she was 16. I said, “Weren't you scared? You didn't know what you were coming to. You didn't know the language. You didn't know where you were going,” although she did have an aunt who already lived here since the end of the 1800s. She was going to come help her in her boarding house. Her aunt's name was Carrie Dupritski [sp]. Her husband was also a Sam. He was a shoemaker. When he first came to New York, they said you need to go down south. It was just shortly after the [American] Civil War. They said because people down there are going barefooted. They have no shoes, so there would be a market for his job. That's how they came to Atlanta. Those were the first ones in the family that came to the Atlanta. Then my mother came to help her. Mom used to say, “I didn't know what I was going into, but I knew what I was leaving.” That's as far as she would go. She would say, “You shouldn't have to know from this.” This was the time of the pogroms. It was killing. It was a terrible time to live in Poland. She came. She saved her money. She sent for another sister. She brought the second sister. Together, they brought the younger brother and the mother.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=379.0,482.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMICHALOVE:\u003c/strong\u003e Tell me about the neighborhood that you grew up in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=482.0,487.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDISKIN:\u003c/strong\u003e It was Ormond Street between Capitol Avenue and Washington [Street]. There were two blocks between Capitol and Washington. I was across the street from James L. Key Elementary School. There were no Jewish people on our block, but up and down Washington Street and Capitol Avenue and Atlanta Avenue, which was parallel to our street, every other door, was a Jewish family. We used to walk from there to [Congregation] Shearith Israel on Washington Street. It would be kind of like a pied piper. As we started, people would just join in. By the time we got to the shul, there could be a dozen of us walking together. It was the same thing at night. We used to go for walks to Grant Park, which was straight down Ormond Street, about eight blocks. Nobody was afraid of . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=487.0,551.02312"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDISKIN:\u003c/strong\u003e The walks to Grant Park were always so nice because it was usually a cool evening. My parents would pick up other parents and friends. The kids would all run and play games. There was this gigantic hill at the entrance of Ormond Street and Cherokee Avenue, a big grassy hill. As soon as we got there, we used to all lay down and roll down the hill to the bottom, which was kind of in the area of where the swimming pools were first located. Now it's the zoo [Zoo Atlanta]. The parents used to sit up at the top and kibbitz. It seemed like most of my father's friends were all tailors. So, they always had a lot in common to talk about. They never told us too much about what went on in the old country, about what they went through. Together, with the other people, they did discuss it with their friends. We had fun then. It was nice days. Coming back, I'd be tired, and my father would carry me on his shoulders because I was the little one. That gives me fond memories because after that he was so sickly. We never had that kind of close contact.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=551.02312,643.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMICHALOVE:\u003c/strong\u003e Tell me about the elementary school that you went to and share some of the stories that you remember about your experiences there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=643.0,651.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDISKIN:\u003c/strong\u003e I went to James L. Key, which was just across the street. I was not a good student. I never have been a good student. I used to delay, as long as I could, going. We had to be in our seats at 8.30. But they had an eight o'clock bell that meant the building was open. The eight o’clock bell, I used to wake up and then try to sneak out without breakfast. I would be in school on time. I don't have too many memories of accomplishing too much other than the pageants and all the programs we had dressed up in crepe paper. We thought that was just the greatest thing. In the sixth grade, I had my appendix taken out. When I came home, I actually was at Piedmont Hospital for a few days. Came home in an ambulance, yet. After I was home, my teacher came to the house to visit. That was such an astonishing thing to me that Miss Brown would come to my house to see me. She wasn't there five minutes until the doctor came to the house to remove my stitches. So, she waited outside the bedroom. I knew I couldn't cry because she was outside in hearing distance. That was an experience that I'll always remember. Shortly after that, I got caught at school riding a bicycle on the playground because I hadn't returned yet to class. They said, “If she can ride a bicycle in the playground, she can come back to school and walk the stairs to the second floor.” So, my recuperation was cut short because my mother found out that I was over there riding a bicycle. I had lots and lots of friends. All the kids were just real close. Everybody was pretty much in the same financial peer. The Jewish kids did the same things as the other Jewish kids did. The Christian children . . . I mean, we were just all together. It was no separation. They did their things. We did our things. Then we did them together. Every morning before class started, some person would have to volunteer to be in charge of the prayer and the song. Generally, we sang Home on the Range. Of course, we did their prayer and the Pledge [of Allegiance]. That started the day. I felt no antisemitism at all. In fact, I never have.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=651.0,849.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMICHALOVE:\u003c/strong\u003e Can you share some memories with us about special occasions with your family when you were a young child, such as birthday celebrations, holidays, family meals together?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=849.0,861.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDISKIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Being Thanksgiving just now, we were talking about it last week, that all the years that I thought my mother was fixing a turkey . . . you know, everybody else was having turkey. We were having turkey too. I guess maybe I had been married about ten years and we got a fresh turkey as a gift and took it to Mr. Boorstein [sp] to have it shocheted. Brought it to the house. Mama was going to fix it. She says, “I never fixed a turkey before.” I says, “We always had turkey.” She said, “No, you thought it was turkey. It was rooster.” She said, “We never had turkey.” That was a little deception that I wasn't aware of growing up. Our house seemed to have been the focal point for the family, I guess maybe because my mother had come first. She was the oldest in her family, the oldest of the siblings. She had her mother with us, although her mother lived with both daughters, all three daughters from time to time. But we always had the big dinners, the Pesach seders. All of the fun occasions. Actually, I don't remember birthday parties until Sweet Sixteen, when I was able to have 16 girls over for ice cream and cake. Before that, I really don't remember any. I'm sure we had them. I remember getting a doll for my birthday that was a wind-up doll that would walk. My mother and father were so excited with it. They played with it all night on the dining room table, having it walking back and forth. They wouldn't let me do it because they were afraid I would break it. They enjoyed my birthday doll. That was the first doll I remember. The second doll came from the Purim ball of Sherith Israel that was held at the Shrine Mosque. They used to always have prizes and a raffle and a wheel where you could win different things. I couldn't go because I was sick. My sister Lottie brought me back this big, natural-looking baby rubber doll. It was all rubber. I kept that doll until my oldest son, the second child, opened it up with a can opener because my daughter wanted a Betsy Wetsy. That was the end of my doll. We didn't have a whole lot of toys. I used to lie about it a lot. I used to tell the neighbor kids that we had an attic that was filled with toys for Hanukkah and Christmas but nobody could go up there because it was private. Of course, I never went up there. I never saw what was in the attic anyway. But I had a pretty good imagination. We just made do with what we had and never felt like we were missing anything. I was a little bit more of a tomboy and related very well to my brother, Meyer. He used to take me for motorcycle rides. He took me hunting when he went hunting. I kind of enjoyed those things. My sisters were students. They excelled. My sister Lottie was valedictorian when she graduated from Commercial [High School]. My brother Meyer and I were the laggards. My sister Goldie was always a good girl and still is, thank God. They kind of just excelled at everything they did. When I went to high school, the principle said, “Oh, you're Lottie Goncher's sister. We expect so much from you.” I said, “Do you remember my brother, Meyer?” She says, “Yes,” like that. I say, “Me and my brother Meyer, we are real close.” I think I proved my point because I wasn't that much of a student there either. But they were good times. I think they were good times. We keep talking about them being good and what we have now compared to then. It's like they must have been hard, but we didn't know they were hard. We never had an automobile. If you had to walk more than 12 or 14 blocks, you got car fare. You could ride the street car. But that never bothered me either. I used to walk \u003cunintelligible\u003e, which was about eight blocks away, and to the [Jewish Educational] Alliance, which was about 11 blocks. You always saw people on the street. Nobody was afraid. You just skipped along your merry way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=861.0,1181.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMICHALOVE:\u003c/strong\u003e How did you celebrate the holidays [High Holy Days], the Jewish holidays, when you were that age, when you were a young child?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=1181.0,1188.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDISKIN:\u003c/strong\u003e My mother was much more religious than my father was. My father was more into Yiddish literature and music. That was why I went to Arbeiter Ring because he wanted us to be exposed to that and felt like we really didn't need the Hebrew. He used to play music on the radio all the time. We had a wind-up Victrola that, I guess it sounded good then, until the speed would run down and then it . . . I just remember one recording we had. It was The Old Black Crow. I don't even know anything about it. I just remember seeing the label. The Old Black Crow. Of course, we used to listen to the radio. Used to sit around as a family and listen to Eddie Cantor and Walter Winchell. It was fine. We were just sitting there looking at the radio. We didn't have TV. We looked at the radio. My brother made a radio in high school, one of those with a copper wire. We were listening to that and looking out of our front window. I don't remember the date, but the sky was red. There was a fire at Fulton Bag and Cotton Mill. The whole sky was lit up. We were listening to that little wire radio. They were talking about what was burning downtown. That was what we had, so that was what we did. I couldn't have a bicycle when I was young because nobody else in the family did. We were going to get skates. Simon Blustrom had skates, and he fell and broke his leg, so we couldn't get skates. Finally, at 12, I started working on Saturdays down on Decatur Street for Mr. S. Blustrom. I worked from nine [o’clock] to nine [o’clock] and made a dollar. I would take my lunch, buy a drink, and that was it. Walked back down Decatur Street. His store was where the overpass is, near Georgia. I guess there's still an overpass there. I would walk from there to Five Points. It was all black people. I had no fear until I saw a stabbing one night, then I kind of chickened out a little bit for a while. But every week, I had that dollar. Finally, I was able to accumulate enough money. I bought Mickie Greenberg's bicycle that she wasn't using anymore for $12. I paid her I think $6. Then I paid her $1 a week after that. Eventually, I got promoted up over the years. I think I ended up making $6 a Saturday. That was a learning experience, it really was. I had more Yiddish training there than I heard at home because every time a customer came in, they would start talking in Yiddish to watch them. That was an embarrassing time, when I think back, how people could be suspicious of Jewish people in business. Not knowing what they're talking about, they probably thought we were taking advantage of them. When I got a little bit older, they had me standing outside as a hawker. I would stand there. I would say, “Walk right in. We got it cheap today. Walk right in. We got it cheap today.” There were some soldiers looking over from the viaduct ahead. I said, “Come on down. We've got it cheap.” I had no clue as to what that sounded like in today's society. I mean, I was talking about merchandise. We had socks, six pair for $1 or something like that. That was good times. Every time I came in, I started off by dusting the ladies' hats with a feather duster. The same hats. Seasons didn't change. Seasons changed. The hats didn't change. It was overalls. Then there was a time when things were rationed and you had to have a stamp to get shoes, but there were certain kind of shoes that were exempt. They were almost like cardboard. They were just terrible. They didn't last at all. It was all just growing up in those times.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=1188.0,1493.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMICHALOVE:\u003c/strong\u003e Were your parents involved with the Jewish community in politics, a synagogue, or a Zionist organization?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=1493.0,1503.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDISKIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Very much so. They belonged to the Farband [Labor Zionist Order] and to Arbeiter Ring. My father was more active in both of those. My mother tended to go more to synagogue and Sisterhood and did a lot of work for that. They did a lot of sewing, sewing circles, making clothes for children in Palestine. We had, in the early 1930s, the Hebrew Orphan’s Home that was around the corner from us. We used to go up and play on their playground. They had cows up there. We used to like to go and have games, jumping where the cows had been. When they closed, they were looking for foster homes where to put the kids. They were from all over the southeast of the states. We got, a whole family was there from Richmond, Virginia. Two of the boys came to live with us. One of them was names Abraham Lincoln Stern. His bar mitzvah picture is at the Breman Center [William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum] now in the exhibit of early Atlanta. He came with his brother Daniel. Daniel was already 18, so they didn't have him under their control too long, and he left. I think he went back to Richmond. There was a sister that lived on Atlanta Avenue with another family and another brother who lived somewhere else. Of course, at the time, we didn't realize how terrible that was to split up kids. At the same time, I guess it was better than institutional living. Lincoln lived with us until he went into the military at 18. He went into the [United States] Air Force. He was at Hickam Field, which is right next to Pearl Harbor. He was on duty on Pearl Harbor Day. We kept up with him for years. He got married. He used to come back to visit. In the last six or seven years, we've lost contact. I don't know. Last time I heard from him he was in Florida. I always felt like he was another brother. After that, we just had coming and going. It was like open house. People . . . I have a list somewhere. I counted 53 people who, at one time or another, lived with us, whether they were couples who were at Fort McPherson who just needed a place for a little while, or if it was kids from the [Hebrew] Orphan’s Home, which then became Jewish Children's Service. But we had a lot of them. We had some of the kids who came in who were survivors. Cute story. Two brothers that had come from Belgium. It was in the summer. We sat down. We had this tremendous table in the kitchen, a big pedestal table. We were all sitting around the table to eat, and my mother brings a bowl of corn on the cob. They got up and left the table. They spoke French and Yiddish. She went to find out what was the problem. They started hollering, and saying, “That's what they feed their cattle, and they will not be treated like cattle.” My mother had to explain to them that the rest of the family was eating it. It was a different kind of corn than what they fed the cattle, and they should try it. They really started off on a bad foot. They came so full of emotion anyway. That just was the straw that broke the camel's back. It took a long time, and they settled down and realized that this was going to be their life. They stayed for quite a while until they grew up and went away to school. We had a brother and sister. They used to argue all the time. Of course, all these people that came were already really emotionally involved, problem-wise. They all came from broken homes or lost families. I guess that was probably my first real learning experience of having to share, because they got first. I used I always say, “You feel sorry for them, so you treat them better than me.” They got the piece of chicken that I wanted. They get to go to the bathroom first. They get the have the bath first. I really began to resent it until I was old enough to know right from wrong. But some of them we kept contact with for many, many years. One of them, which was our pride, was Benjamin Hirsch. That sort of was the icing on the cake. Whatever we took from the rest of them, he and the way he turned out was our pride and joy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=1503.0,1845.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMICHALOVE:\u003c/strong\u003e As a young teenager growing up in Atlanta, what are your memories of social life at school and in the Jewish community?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=1845.0,1856.23092"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDISKIN:\u003c/strong\u003e I didn't socialize too much at school because at that time already there was a definite Jewish, non-Jewish social break. Being the tomboy that I was, I was more into athletics than social. I used to go to the Alliance and play basketball. We belonged to the Young Judea Club, which my sister Goldie led. It was called the \u003cunintelligible\u003e. I recently found some pictures in her photograph album of some of these girls when we were at a track meet. I brought them back to Atlanta and made copies and sent them to the girls who were in the pictures. The telephone did not stop ringing. Every single one of them called and said that it evoked such wonderful memories. We must have been 14, I guess, 15. Carefree. It was . . . those were really carefree days. Of course, I remember Pearl Harbor Day.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=1856.23092,1925.04567"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDISKIN:\u003c/strong\u003e We left after a basketball game, and we were walking from the Alliance over to the Paramount [Theater] and Loew's [Grand Theater]. I don't remember which show we were going to. But as we were walking up Hunter Street towards Whitehall [Street], a car went by and they shouted something about Pearl Harbor being bombed. We didn't even know what it was. Had no clue. We went on to the movies and came home. That night was a Sunday night. We heard Walter Winchell talking about it. Our teenage time at the Alliance was just wholesome and good. Miriam Marshall [sp] was one of our drill directors. Harry Koval took care of the boys' groups. Whatever they had for us planned to do, we did. We cooperated with them. They were so wonderful and such marvelous leaders. Good role models. I think back to all these clubs, our leaders were just maybe four or five years older than we were, because then I led the Young Judea Club. When I moved in this house, one of my kids was already living across the street with her family of four. We were just a couple of years ahead. But we volunteered for these things. We used to write plays and go to conventions and have debates and dances. It didn't matter if you wore the same dress to the same event year after year. It was your dress. And you went. The Alliance upstairs was just the most wonderful place. If you decorated it with crepe paper streamers, it was marvelous. If you were, “fast” in those days, you would go out on the balcony of the fire escape with a young man for a minute or two. Then everybody would kind of shake their finger at you when you came back in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=1925.04567,2065.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMICHALOVE:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you have any further Jewish education other than when you went to the Arbeiter Ring?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=2065.0,2071.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDISKIN:\u003c/strong\u003e No, I did have the opportunity to go to Brandeis Camp in 1947, the summer of 1947. That was really supposed to be for leadership training. I was a Young Judea leader at the time, so I guess that's why I got to go, but I never had any more formal Yiddish education. I still don't read Hebrew, although everybody thinks I do. But I don't. The Yiddish just falls. You just fall in with the Yiddish. In Hebrew, I can find my place in the book. My husband, Bob [Diskin], says, “You've been teasing me. You said you can't read the Hebrew, and you always know where the place is.” The letters are the same, but the words mean nothing to me. Once in a while, we try to get together, a few others, to speak a little Yiddish and get real pleased when we have words that we can't figure out. We call either Gertrude Diamond or Gertrude Krick because they seem to be the authority. Gertrude Diamond passed away. Gertrude Krick is leaving town. So, I got me a dictionary.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=2071.0,2154.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMICHALOVE:\u003c/strong\u003e Where did you go to high school and what were your experiences as a high school student?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=2154.0,2161.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDISKIN:\u003c/strong\u003e I went to junior high at Hoke Smith. At that time, it was seventh through ninth grade, which, I guess, compares with middle school. That was between Grant Park and us, but north of there on Hill Street. We didn’t have a road. Everybody walked. It didn't make any difference what kind of weather. We used to take shortcuts down Glenn Street through a meadow that had these little sticky things we called hitchhikers. By the time you got to school, your socks were covered with them. We didn't wear pants to school then. That was never considered. If anybody wore blue jeans, it was because they were poor, or bib overalls. I had one friend, Cecil, who always wore bib overalls. I think maybe that was the only pair he had. When we were in high school and we recognized more that we need to stay with Jewish kids rather than keeping . . . Of course, my grandmother was having a fit because I played with the boy next door who wasn't Jewish. The sheigetz, she called him. I sort of was forced to change my bounds of friendships then. I had this nice, nice fellow in high school who was Syrian. We kind of sneaked around on the side. He took me to his home one afternoon. That was my realization that cultures are so different because everything his mother and his aunt were talking about they were talking in Syrian [Arabic]. I realized that they must be talking about me. Probably not, but that was my feeling. Then I realized what other people must feel like when they come to our house and we're talking Yiddish if they're not Jewish. I decided I better not mess around with this kind of future here. Of course, I was maybe 16, but old enough to know better. I did after that, know better.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=2161.0,2322.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMICHALOVE:\u003c/strong\u003e When you were in high school, World War II broke out. In what way did this affect your family?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=2322.0,2332.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDISKIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Because my father was dead, my brother got deferred because he was really listed as, not sole support, but more or less the only man in the house. So, he was deferred for a little while. Then all of his friends were called. He got the bug that he felt like he should serve too. So, he went into the [United States] Air Force. He wanted to be a pilot, but he was too short, shorter than his friends and our family. He became a gunner. His position was in the back of a plane. Tail gunner, I guess they called it. They were on a training mission at March Field, California, and this plane went down. He was killed on February 14, 1944. My sister Goldie had gotten married on February 13. He couldn't come to the wedding because he couldn't get off because of this training thing. When we came back from Akron, Ohio, which is where she got married, we came back on the train, when we got home, our house was full of people waiting for us to tell us the news. Needless to say, he was my idol. As my mother kept crying, that was her kaddishel. It was very rough going. It was a really hard time. I felt like I was a burden to my mother because I was the only one at home. If I was old enough to be gone, then she wouldn't have to take care of me. That was a real hard time as a teenager. I guess I aggravated her a little bit more than I should have. I felt I was the one that was the real problem then. We didn't have any psychiatrists then or counselors to tell us we were okay or we'd be okay. I graduated. I wanted to go, in the worst kind of way, I always wanted to make greeting cards because I used to like to rhyme and I liked to draw. There was no training for that here. I wanted to go to New York. My mother said, “Nice Jewish girls don't go to New York alone. Nice Jewish girls get a job as a secretary.” So, I got a job as a secretary. It was waiting for me before I graduated. I went to work at the Hebrew Orphan’s Home office. That's where I stayed until I went to work in our own grocery store, which was many years later.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=2332.0,2524.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMICHALOVE:\u003c/strong\u003e Tell me what kind of work you did at the Jewish Orphan’s Home.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=2524.0,2526.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDISKIN:\u003c/strong\u003e I was a secretary. I used to type of the reports from the case workers. Handle . . . we used to do our own fundraising. That was before they did community federation kind of thing. I used to send out mountains and mountains of requests for funds because, like I said earlier, they covered five states. It was in conjunction with the B’nai Brith district. We had mailings going from Virginia to Florida. Then we'd get money back. That had to be listed. There was as much time spent fundraising as there was in typing up case records. Occasionally, I used to go with some of the kids to go shopping with them if they needed something special and my mother couldn't go. Or, I would always take them to go get glasses because American Optical Company would give us the frames, I think, 50 cents or less. I used to always go with the kids up there to be fitted with frames. Occasionally, I would go with them for a doctor appointment or something. I wasn't driving then. Whatever I did we had to do on the bus. I thought I would like to go into social work. I went to Georgia Evening Extension [Georgia State University] for a couple of years. I saw that was going to be much, much too drawn out. I sort of lost the excitement of it. I didn't always agree with what I saw. Then matrimony came along, so that was it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=2526.0,2648.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMICHALOVE:\u003c/strong\u003e During the war [World War II], your mother was very helpful to a lot of Jewish refugees. Tell me about that time and what you remember.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=2648.0,2659.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDISKIN:\u003c/strong\u003e It was what I was talking about all the people that lived in the house. In addition to those who lived with us, she helped a lot of the families that came. They had their own living quarters, but they didn't know how to shop. It's like we were recently when the Soviet [Jewry] came. They didn't how to go for a doctor's appointment. They didn't know how talk to a doctor. They didn't know how to cook things that were here. They didn't even understand the heat. The ovens were different. Mama befriended a lot of the women then in helping them get organized and helping to get the kids to school, because there were so many of them that came at one time. I guess the organization that brought them in really didn't have that many caseworkers where they could devote so much individual time. Plus, I think these women related better to an older woman instead of to these young caseworkers that didn't speak Yiddish or very little. There were just lots of women. Still, there's one that I would take sometimes for doctor appointment. That is all she talks about, is my mother, about how wonderful she was to them. Most of these ladies have since passed away.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=2659.0,2759.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMICHALOVE:\u003c/strong\u003e How did you meet your first husband, Sidney [Rich]?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=2759.0,2764.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDISKIN:\u003c/strong\u003e He had been in our house working with my sister Goldie on Young Judea activities, mailings, bulletins, and stuff like that. He says that I wasn't in the house, I was up in a tree, which was most probable because some people have a special place they go to do their yoga or sit and meditate. Mine was out on the limb. I’ve been out on a limb ever since. After that, I was teaching kindergarten, Sunday school, at Shearith Israel. He belonged to AA [Ahavath Achim] and was very disenchanted. Our first young rabbi was Rabbi Hyman Freeman. He was real influential on Sidney and convinced him to come over and teach Bible class. I had the kids at the beginning. He had them at the end.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=2764.0,2833.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMICHALOVE:\u003c/strong\u003e The oral history interview of Alice Diskin, interviewed on December 10, 2002.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=2833.0,2848.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDISKIN:\u003c/strong\u003e We had our friendship beyond the Sunday school teaching. We just seemed to have such common interests at that time. There was a young Zionist group called Masada. It was sort of parallel to Junior Hadassah. Sidney was very active in that group. Also, he led a young boys Zionist group called   He and maybe 12 friends had also, the Young Judea group that they were in as kids was DSI. He wanted to continue that on. He had his own group of, I guess, 20 little boys close to bar mitzvah age. That was alike interest that we had. At that time, I was president of Junior Hadassah, which there is no more Junior Hadassa. We did conventions. Hadassa and Masada had a joint convention. We just seemed to be together a lot, almost always at the Alliance. A few people had cars, so we'd go from there to the Varsity or to Joe Cotton's, which was across the street from the Varsity. That really was our social life. We just were always together in a group and actually didn't start dating until I was about 20 years old. I had gone to the Brandeis camp and we wrote [letters]. That was when the romance really kicked up. It was like, distance is just too far, too far away. We had gotten so used to seeing each other. It was a natural, but he always tells everybody he dated my sister first. We had good clean and fun. It was a nice time. We had lots and lots of friends, more friends than we have today. Everybody was on the same keel. Sidney did not serve in the service. He had a punctured eardrum. He always said he was left to stay home and take care of the women. We got married in 1947. We got engaged in October shortly after I came back from camp. We got married on my birthday at the end of December. We had 45 wonderful years. Three children. Actually, it was four. One didn't make it. I always felt like I was blessed. The kids were good. I didn't realize at the time that they were so good, but they were. They didn't cause any problem. Of course, we spent much too much time working in the store. Those are regrets. You can't go back and pick up that time. My second child, Elliot . . . my children, are Marilyn [Rich Shure], Elliot [Rich], and Steve [Rich]. Elliot resented the fact that I wasn't home, that there was a maid there. He took it upon himself to make sure that no maid would ever stay. He succeeded, because there was a point where, I think, in a month I had six different maids. He just was wreaked havoc. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=2848.0,3059.21931"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDISKIN:\u003c/strong\u003e He was determined that I was going to stay home. I got so many telephone calls at the store, like, Mr. Rich, you better come home and get this young man because I'm leaving. I'm not staying here with you. He locked me out. I'm next door. He threw watermelon on the ceiling. I'm not going to put up with him. He threw pie. He did this, and he did that. Today, that is the sweetest, most precious, wonderful husband and father that anybody could ever want. Well respected. Everybody loves him. But he was determined that I was going to stay home. Unfortunately, I couldn't. So I didn't. I won. But it's a battle. I wish I had had more time with them. But the time we had was really quality time. I schlepped  them everywhere there was to see anything that I thought they would like and that I wanted to see too. I took them on trips when Sidney couldn't get away from the store. Sometimes he would join us for a weekend. Sometimes he would join us for a Wednesday afternoon when the store was closed. But we did such fun, silly things like when the banks started using helicopters to pick up their deposits from a bank in a bag on a post up high. We used to go from bank to bank waiting for the helicopter to come. They got a kick out of it. Why not? I mean, it's okay. We just did all kinds of things. We would go, Pesach time, we would pack a picnic lunch. I would make French fries, to cover up for not having the usual goodies. Then go down to Joel Hurt Park. That was the time the tulips would be blooming. It was gorgeous down there. They would play there. We used to go anytime there was anything outdoors. I really wanted to get them out. We did all those things. We did things that didn't cost anything, but they were fun things. It turns around, they did the same thing for their children. It's like when Marilyn was little, she was very extremely talkative and very much in command. She wanted to know what are we going to do tomorrow? What are we going to do next week? She became my organizer. My planner. I couldn't tell her anything because if I did and it didn't materialize, she used to hold me to the fire. You said we were going to it. I started telling her stories about this little girl. I think the name was Peggy. I've forgotten now. About the activities that Peggy was doing. It didn't take her long to realize that she was Peggy because these were things that I had planned for them to do. It was just stupid little things, but we had lots of close, fun family time. When I traveled with them. I used to do that frequently. We would stop at a rest area. I would want them to get rid of their pent-up energies. We would get out. I would say, “Okay, now we have to skip all the way around the restroom house and back to the car.” We would skip all around. Next time, “You've got to hop on one foot.” They would come back with that. “You've got hop on the other foot.” We had stupid things, but they were fun. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=3059.21931,3316.22409"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDISKIN:\u003c/strong\u003e We always decorated crazy for Hanukkah. I said, “If I had a Christmas tree, mine would be the prettiest one” because I just love it. But we always did lots of Hanukkah decorating. The kids today, I mean my son in Nashville [Tennessee] is in the electronics business, communications, and he has this gigantic tower antenna in his yard. He's got Happy Hanukkah in lights, going up and down the antenna. He says, “We always had decorations.” His neighbors were saying that was a bit much. These are things they learn. When you do it, you don't realize it that you're passing it on. All of a sudden, it becomes a tradition in the family. There are certain things that we eat that have become tradition. Even though somebody else can make it better or easier, we still do it the same way we did. The only thing we leave out now are the gribenes. That is a bone of contention with Elliot. He says that was the worst thing I ever did to him was the first Pesach seder night. He came early to get his gribenes, and there were none of them waiting, draining on the paper towel. He said, “What happened to my gribenes?” I said, “I'm giving you a long life. That's the last time you're going to have them. I'm not going to make them for you anymore.” He mentioned it last week when we were away. He says, “My mother denied me the privilege of gribenes.” Very fair. Fairly good in school. Marilyn went on to nursing school and still is a nurse, pediatric nurse. Elliot went to [University of] Georgia and wanted to go into the food business. He worked in grocery stores for a while and decided he wanted to open up his own restaurant. He did not finish the last year because he said, ”A college degree won't help me in this. I know what I want to do and I know I can do it.” He came back to Atlanta and he opened up his own little breakfast afternoon sandwich store downtown. Then he had to move, and he opened up a second place. Just three years ago, he gave it up because he says he just couldn't do anything anymore that required outside help. He just couldn't rely on outside help. Couldn't depend on them. So, he became a handyman. These were things that we all did at home. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=3316.22409,3501.04967"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDISKIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Any time anything was broken, we tried to fix it. Sidney was real good at it. He could more or less judge what was wrong. He didn't know exactly how to fix it, but he knew what was wrong. Like I said, Elliot took the can opener to the doll to make her pee. Since that point, anything that was broken, he just continued on fixing. Steve was born with an electric cord, I think, in his hand. He went on into a communications business, and that's where he is. I'm wondering where they got these talents. I remember taking a watch apart. I guess I must have been 12. I put it back together and it was working, but I had one piece left out. I never could figure out where that one piece went. I wore that watch for at least another three years, and it kept perfect time. I don't know what that was, but we used to just do anything that needed to be done. Steve was what we call the garbage man. He used to go through everybody's trash. We said we don't need that when he brought back an old broken desk lamp. He made it in working order. He was so proud that it was something we could use. He came home one day and he said, “You will never laugh at me again. I know I've got something.” He had found a little cloth bag with two gold coins in it. Two, two and a half dollar gold coins. Since then, we stopped calling him the garbage collector. The kids get along real good together. They are very supportive of each other. They've had lots of tragedies that they've had to overcome. Both the boys lost their wives at a very, very early age. And they had very, very young children. The family just really stuck together and pulled them through. They both remarried wonderful women. We're back a happy family again. In the same way, they were supportive of me. I said I had no intentions of getting married again. Know what I had. I was happy. I’m not looking. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=3501.04967,3662.71553"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDISKIN:\u003c/strong\u003e And Bob [Diskin] just was there for me in every turn. I was constantly, it seemed like constantly, saying Kaddish in shul when Sidney died. Then one daughter-in-law died. Another daughter-in-law died. Then my oldest sister Lottie died. I was always at shul. Bob was always behind me. He would always put his hand on my shoulder. He was always there for me. Then he says, “Do you want to go for coffee?” We'd go for a coffee. Just kept going. One time we went for coffee. I said, “Boy, it sure is getting crowded.” We realized it was lunch crowd coming in. I thought, “I guess I can talk to a man and be comfortable with it.” Shortly after that, he said, “Why don't we go to dinner or to a show or something or whatever.” I said, and he repeats this all the time, he has a hat and a t-shirt that says it, I said, “I'll go, but there won't be any whatever. I can promise you that.” So, we started going together. He just fit like an old shoe. The kids adore him. He has such wonderful relationship with them. There was never a minute's hesitation on their part. They just took him right in. The only one that I was concerned about was Marilyn, because she was really a daddy's girl. She came in with this cross-stitch thing that she had made for us, our wedding date, and the names and stuff, and had it framed. I said, “Now I know. That's her way of proving her acceptance too.” So, the second go-around has been wonderful too. Really nice. He's great to my family, but he drives me crazy whenever we go to something with the relatives. He says, “Tell me again, the names of the children, the oldest one, the middle one, and the next one.” Whenever we got somewhere, we have to go through this little game of all the names, of all of the kids, where we're going to be and how they're related. When he gets there, it's like he never forgot anybody's name. They just adore him. So do I.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=3662.71553,3823.93231"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDISKIN:\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cUnintelligible\u003e she graduated from the kindergarten there. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=3823.93231,3827.53209"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDISKIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Then we moved, so she was in first grade at Morningside [Elementary School]. Then when it came time for Elliot to start, he started kindergarten at Morningside. Then we put him in the Hebrew Academy day school, because we felt like a boy needed day school more than a girl needed day school. Actually, she was very upset because she really had a tendency to be a really good day school student, as far as Judaica school is concerned. She was at the Shearith Israel Hebrew School, which I think at that time may have been mixed with kids from either [Congregation] Ohev Shalom or [Congregation] Beth El that was down on University Drive, but that was short lived. We stayed with Sherith Israel for her. Both of the boys went to the Hebrew Academy. They were active at the JCC for sports things, the boys especially. Eliott was into basketball and softball and AZA [Aleph Zadik Aleph]. Marilyn was in the B’nai Brith girls, but mainly because she was forced to because those are the things that I did, and those are things that Daddy did. Those things that you have to do too. She really was not that much of a social butterfly. She would have preferred not being in group activities. Steve, the youngest one, couldn't have cared less about any kind of joint activities, because he was very creative and technically minded as far as electronics from the time he was four years old. He just kept piddling. He grew into hand radio. To this day, he's still in electronics. That's his business, is communication. He never, ever outgrew, except that he said working for somebody else was more fun than being the boss. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=3827.53209,3957.46104"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDISKIN:\u003c/strong\u003e He’s got a successful business today in Nashville with ComTec is the name of the company. He lets me know when some of his antennas up on the mountaintop have been damaged. He says, “Boy, it was so cold up there.” I said, “I don't want to know anything about when you're climbing on these antennas. That's why you have help.” He says, “But that's the fun thing is to do it yourself and you know it's done right.” Marilyn went on to nursing school. I don't know if this is repetitive or not. She went to Augusta [Georgia], to the University Hospital, the nursing school there. I cried all the way home because it looked like such a fire trap. It was a three-story building, and she was on the third floor. I cried, saying, “I've left her there in a firetrap. It was a terrible thing to do.” She had always wanted to go to nursing school. She graduated there, and they closed the school. Hers was the last graduation class. She swore, that it was something personal because she did give them lots of . . . . she had a duck in her room. She had the rabbit in the closet and all kinds of mishegoss that only Marilyn would do. Eat peanut butter and pickle sandwiches. She had a good time there. She made very close friends. When she first came home, she said she couldn't understand that out of the class, I think it was 18 girls, she was the only one who had a mother and father that were living together. Every other student already had divorced or separated parents. I think that kind of was an eye-opener to her about . . . She also was the only Jewish girl. She kind of felt like maybe Jewish families try harder. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=3957.46104,4096.22065"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDISKIN:\u003c/strong\u003e But that was in the 1960s. That was not necessarily so. Elliot went to Georgia, and he decided he didn't need to graduate. He knew what he wanted to do. He wanted to have a deli. That was his ambition. He opened up his own little restaurant place downtown, breakfast and lunch. He did it. It was a lot of hard work and long hours. He gave that up about three years ago and went into his own home repairs handyman kind of operation because he was tired of depending on other help that never showed up. He says, “Anything I do, I'm going to do on my own with my own hands.” He's been phenomenal at it. That's where they are. They have families of their own. Elliot's youngest one is just graduating Lakeside High School this spring. Rachel, the older daughter, is in Lawrenceville, University of Georgia system there. Marylyn's oldest child is a daughter who is getting married in February of this year. She's been working at the Chaya Mushka Chabad Nursery School, teaching nursery school. Her youngest child, Isaac, has been married for quite a while and has two children. He got married at 20. He's working at . . . I can’t think of the name. Dave and Buster’s. He thinks it's a fun kind of job to have, so he works at night. Two adorable children. Steve in Nashville has two children. His daughter is a senior at University of Tennessee. His son is still trying to find his way. That's it with the grandchildren. Of course, I have grandchildren from the second marriages of my sons, because each one of those girls had a child from a previous marriage. We count them in just the same. There is no difference. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=4096.22065,4229.79947"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDISKIN:\u003c/strong\u003e It's fun to look back and see. It's kind of hard to believe that my children are grandparents and mothers-in-law and fathers-in law. It's like, how did they get there so fast? They seem to understand a little bit more about how it used to be as they're going, even though there's so many years difference now. They seem to appreciate more what it was like, especially my daughter right now, planning a wedding. She says, “I don't know how y'all did what you did.” You find a way. She was daddy's little girl and she climbed up in his lap. She says, “I want the best photographer, because after all, when the wedding is over, all you have are the pictures.” She says, “Lo and behold, she's going through the exact same thing with her own daughter.” I enjoy seeing them repeat the same mistakes and accomplishments that we did. I guess that's the whole cycle right there is just seeing it done over and over again. That's it for the kids. They bring me a lot of joy, and they're fun kids. You can see these stupid balloons up here that say, “Hip- hip hooray!” That was for the one-year anniversary of my new hip replacement. We just do crazy things. They're fun, and they make memories. That's always been my theory. You have a lot of people for Pesach, you're making memories. You celebrate Hanukkah, you’re making memories. Those are the things that you don't get somewhere else. You have to do it at home.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=4229.79947,4345.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMICHALOVE:\u003c/strong\u003e Tell me a little bit about what you're doing now as far as being involved with Shearith Israel and your other activities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=4345.0,4356.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDISKIN:\u003c/strong\u003e I did the gift shop at Shearith Israel for about 34 years. It got to be physically too much, and time-wise, it was so demanding. My phone rang constantly with people asking questions, asking prices, meeting them at specific times, which I love because it was a real good time filler for me. But physically, it just really . . . I felt it was wearing me down. I kept telling them to get help. Finally, I said, “I'm stopping.” They said, “But you always said you were going to stop, but you never did. You always said get help, but we didn't think you'd ever stop.” It came the time. Of course, the fun thing is that they named the gift shop . . . They remodeled it. They're not making any money. They spent a lot remodeling. They call it Alice's Riches. They've got this fancy sign up. It kind of rubs me the wrong way when I see it. I get kind of self-conscious about it, but it's a nice tribute. My whole life really now centers around Shearith Israel. I'm working on the centennial. That project in itself has just taken a whole year for sure. I enjoy meeting all the new young people because we've been having changes, which is a history in itself of Shearith Israel. I've always felt very close to our rabbis. I felt extremely close to Rabbi [Sydney] Mossman because that was the time when my children were very impressionable age, with bar and bat mitzvah times. I was very involved with Rabbi [Marc] Wilson when he was there. I thought he was probably the greatest teacher that I ever had. But now I've got another one that I think maybe is the greatest teacher, and that's Rabbi [Hillel] Norry. So, I just do that. I'm in the neighborhood. I can get there if anybody wants me to volunteer for something. I'm available. I used to write plays for Sisterhood and for Purim spiels and help backstage with those things, sometimes performing. It just seems like all my activities channel in to Shearith Israel. I've always said it's my second home. I really feel like it is. What better a place can you have a home than in the synagogue? That's where I met Bob, too. It just all goes hand in hand. As we sit and talk, so many things come back to mind. I was recently at a bar mitzvah, and the theme was candy. The centerpiece was all different kinds of candy. They had these little chocolate nonpareils with the little white dots on them. It just opened up such a barrel of memories because when I was a kid, my mother used to go downtown, I don't know what for. You didn't mail bills. She could have gone downtown to pay a water bill or something like that. She said, “If you're good, I'll bring back candy.” She never did say, “If you're not good, you won't get it.” Just, “If your good, we'll bring back candy.” She would bring a nickel's worth of candy, a little white sack of nonpareils. There was enough to share with me and my sister. That's how many you got for a nickel, whether I was good or not. But mostly, we had a maid in the house, so when she left, we always had somebody for supervision. Those things . . . I had such a problem keeping a maid because Elliot was determined that I was going to stay home and not be in the store. He got rid of just about every maid I ever had. I think we had a turnover of about five maids in less than a month. He had figured out that if he was bad enough and caused enough of a problem, they would leave and eventually, I would stay home. It didn't work. He got a little bit older and more involved in his own activities. I continued to stay in that grocery store, which when you think back, I remember hearing a rabbi once say, nobody in the hospital before death says, I wish I had had more time to work. It's always, I wish I had spent more time with my family or similar things like that. I realized that. I feel like even the time that I worked, that was of necessity, but now the time is such quality time that it just overshadows any period like that. Of course, my daughter had said, “I'll never work when my children are young. I'll stay home with my children,” which she did. They were almost out of grade school before she went back to work. It's something that they remember either that they were going do. A lot of times we make those promises or threats, and then the economy doesn't let us do it. I'm sorry that I couldn't have been there when they were little, but we did such fun things that when the time was right. On Pesach when they were little, we used to go for a picnic up to Joel Hurt Park, which was across from the City Auditorium. Just about that time, they would have all these tulips in bloom. We'd pack a picnic lunch. For Pesach, you couldn't get everything that's available now. I used to make potato chips. Slicing these potatoes in such thin slices. We would go there. You know, that was our Pesach picnic. We did the same thing with Callaway Gardens. We would pick up and go to try and do together things. We would ride bicycles together. We didn't do too much camping because there wasn't time for that. We did a lot of fun, crazy things. I think a lot of that has been good memories for the kids because they do a lot with their, or did a lot of that, with their kids. Evidently, it wasn't as crazy as I thought it was. They made good memories, and I'm glad for that. I was sitting here thinking about stupid kind of things that we did that was our family custom. I used to go for a walk on Shabbos to visit all of the older relatives, like our aunts. We'd walk from our house up Central Avenue near where the old Progressive Club used to be. There was one aunt that lived there and another one just a couple of blocks down at the corner of Alice Street, which thrilled me to no end. We would visit everybody that my mother knew, which was everybody on the street. If they weren't home, she would take a chair on the front porch and turn it over against the door, tilt it by the front door. That was her signal, that was her calling card, that we had been there and sorry we missed you, but we made our Shabbos call. This was every week. We did the same thing, just up and down, from the Bubbe's house to the great-aunts. I don't remember what I did when I visited them because there were no other kids there. I probably didn't like the idea at all. But I went along with it because I knew on the way home it would be dark and we would stop at Manhattan Bakery, and we'd get a cream puff. We ate the cream puff on the way home, because that was another four blocks to walk. I had just made a note here, chairs on the door, because I'm sure nobody else did that. But that was our signal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=4356.0,4904.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMICHALOVE:\u003c/strong\u003e Tell me about your relatives that you went to visit. How were they related to you, and what were their names?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=4904.0,4911.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDISKIN:\u003c/strong\u003e One of them was Rosenberg. Her husband's name was Max Rosenberg. They lived up on Central Avenue. They had pear trees in the yard. He was a half-brother to my mother's mother. I know he was here long before my grandmother was because my grandmother came very, very late. I don't even remember what kind of business he was in. I know when he died, he had some bar over on Peters Street. He was also very active at Shearith Israel. He had a brother, Kalman. I can't remember what his English name was. He was in the junk business up in Gainesville, Georgia. When Gainesville had a tornado in the 1930s, and everybody brought their junk to him. It sat there until the World War II effort needed metals and steel and all that material. His whole business was sitting right there in the junkyard, just waiting. That's the way he made a good living after that. His children were Luckie Rosenberg, Rae Rosenberg Frank and Sam Rosenberg. The other uncle's children were Louis Rosenberg and Laura Rosenberg Green. Of course, Rae Frank became quite popular in the city because she was very active with Hadassah.  Her children, her son, especially, was very active with Federation [Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta]. That was Larry Frank. His wife was very active in the community. That's Lois Frank. That takes care of my mother's side. I think in the beginning, I said how my mother came. She came to an aunt of hers named Carrie Dupritski. I believe that was early on. Carrie moved from here to Chattanooga [Tennessee] to live with her children when they all were up there. On my father's side, there was his older sister, Dora Rudderman. That was the reason he came south because her husband was a tailer in Moultrie, Georgia. My father was a tailor. When he came, when he arrived in New York, he said, come down to Moultrie. That was before World War I, and they were making uniforms. He had always said that it was Camp Gordon [Georgia]. But to my knowledge, I don't know that one as Camp Gordon. That was my father's side relatives. They had a bunch of kids. Daughter Elsie Rudderman who married Dave Bronstein from here. Then they moved up to Kentucky. There was a son, Joe. There was a son, Ike, who was in business in Gainesville, Florida, who was married to an Atlanta girl, Gussie Horowitz. She was related to the Shure family. It was a very big family because it was the marriage of a couple of kids from each partner, and then they had more together. I'm trying to think who the kids were. Ike and Abe moved to Eufaula, Alabama. He was the only Jewish family there. Just passed away within the last 12 years. His wife just recently died [Jennie Rudderman]. They lived in a home that was built by the slaves. It had no nails in it. It was all wood pegged together. They established, or reestablished, the cemetery that was on the edge of the Chattahoochee because peddlers used to come down there. It was inevitable. A lot of Jewish people's funerals were there. Their headstones are still there, from Prussia and Alsace-Lorraine. Very interesting place to visit. There was an older daughter, Sara [Hamm], who lived in Moultrie, Georgia, probably from the time that her father was down there working. They're all scattered. We kept in touch with family for a long time. We used to go to their simchas and their 50th anniversaries. Tried to keep track of all the kids but everybody just moved on and a lot of intermarriage and just lost contact. Once in a while I'll hear from one of the great grandchildren. That was really all my father's family that was down here. The rest of them were in New York or Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. Those we kept in touch with pretty good. Wasn't like you could just get on a plane and go then. It was a big trip. Who had a car to make a big a trip? Who could afford to be away from their business that long? It's a different world. The family was important then. They took care of each other. Family today, they still take care of each other, but it doesn't seem to be quite as personal drain as it used to be. Where they take care of each other today is more monetary than physical. That's the relatives. I keep in touch very closely with my own first cousins. Extremely close.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=4911.0,5330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMICHALOVE:\u003c/strong\u003e Who are they?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=5330.0,5331.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDISKIN:\u003c/strong\u003e One of them was my mother's youngest sister, Pearl, Pearlie, Klein [sp]. Then she married Kemper from New Haven, Connecticut. Her daughter is my contemporary, Heike Helen [sp]. She lives in Fair Lawn, New Jersey. She just recently lost her husband, Lee Rosenkrantz [sp]. There was a younger brother Aaron, who we called Ati [sp]. He was one of these kids that nobody could handle, but it ended up that he was brilliant. He authored many, many books. He did writing for the Scholastic News for the school newspapers learning. He co-authored many medical books. I was in one of these discount book places not too long ago. I saw a book about trains that he co-authored. It was just such a very, very knowledge that he had. Unfortunately, he died about two years ago. He has a younger sister, Rivalyn [sp], who still lives in Connecticut. In fact, I just mailed her birthday card this morning. We do keep contact. At family affairs, we do get to see each other. Heike plans to come down for my granddaughter's wedding. I have another first cousin who's the daughter of my mother's sister, Bessie, Belkie [sp] they call her, Shulman. They lived on Capitol Avenue, just a block down from the Alliance. We used to always stop by there often. She had a brother, Eli, who was a little bit older than me. He taught me how to dance. He was a nice guy. He went into the service. He kept complaining, and they didn't listen to his complaints of his pain. They said he was goldbricking, was the term they used then. He was sent back to Atlanta to 48 Hospital [sp] out Peachtree Road. That's where he died. They found out he had cancer of the spine. He just never could, it was really too late before they offered any help. His younger sister, Rivke [sp], is one that I also keep in contact. I just saw her at a bat mitzvah. She lives in Sarasota [Florida] in the winter and up in Connecticut . . . Massachusetts in the summer. We do get together and share good occasions. We're there for each other if it's not so good. That's really it with my first cousins. Another first cousin I had that married an Atlanta boy was Hilda Feldman. Hilda Goncher married Aaron Feldman. That was a result of her coming down here to visit. My brother and his friends with Aaron. He says, “Do me a favor and get my mom off my back. Take her out. She's visiting from out of town. She got to have dates.” So that was how they met, and it worked. My mother was a pretty active matchmaker in her time. There were a lot of times that she contacted people. I used to listen to the one-sided telephone conversation, and I knew something was going on. I asked her, I was already well a teenager then. I said, “Why is it that you always find these nice men for these women and you don't. take one for yourself?” She says, “I know what I had and I don't know what I'd get in an old man. I'm not having any part of it.” But she arranged many successful marriages. She was pretty good at that. Sometimes I felt like she had a kind of super sensitivity to things that were going on. She saw a friend of mine downtown. This friend had just come from her gynecologist's office and found out that she was pregnant. Mama looked at her and said, “When are you expecting? When are you due?” She said she hadn't even been able to tell her husband yet. Mama said, “You're pregnant, aren't you?” She says, “I'll never forget it.” She says, “How your mother knew that I was pregnant.” She says, “I was an hour out of the doctor's office.” But she had a kind of extrasensory perception. For a while there, the three sisters were accused of having the same. We thought the same thing at the same time. It kind of spooked the husbands once in a while. Some of that goes between me and my daughter, because my son-in-law, when something like that happens the way we both have the same idea, same thought, or call at the same time. We’re constantly sending the same birthday card to whoever we were sending. They would get two or three of the same card. It was just an amazing thing. When my son-in-law, Yale [Shure], hears some of this going on, he starts with this [singing] do-do-do-do, do-do-do-do. Some things don't change. I guess we're just aware of some of those things from the past, and when it happens again, it kind of kicks in new memories.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=5331.0,5717.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMICHALOVE:\u003c/strong\u003e If you had some advice or something that you would like to leave for your children, talking about how you lived and how you would hope that they would live their life, what would it be?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=5717.0,5733.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/transcript/82287/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDISKIN:\u003c/strong\u003e I have written an ethical will. In that, I hope that the children and the grandchildren and my great-grandchildren, I have four of those already, that they'll know more about how we felt about what we had, how we appreciated what we have. What our hopes are for them to keep, like their religion, their observances, their traditions. Their ethics, as far as business is concerned, as far as friendships. Keeping friendships for long periods of time. The relations with other people. I just feel like that after all is said and done, and you take everything away, the monetary things were good, but that's something that you . . . the important things are the ethical things, the things that you're taught to do, how to live, and what you're supposed to do. You're supposed to give to the community. You're supposed to participate in things. You are not supposed to leave it for somebody else to do. You're here for a reason, and you have to serve. You have to be a mensch. I emphasize that more in the will than anything else, the importance of the mensch, and to leave a good name. This is my hope for my children, and my grandchildren, and great-grandchildren, and whoever and whatever should follow. I would just like for the family name to always be respected and held in high esteem and know that the Goncher family, and the Rich family, and the Diskin family are a people who were here and they made their mark, and it was a good mark. Hopefully it will be an incentive for them as to how they should live.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=5733.0,5871.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Varsity is a restaurant chain in Atlanta, Georgia. The main branch of the chain was the largest drive-in fast food restaurant in the world, taking up two city blocks and accommodating up to 800 diners. The main location ended car-side service in 2020. There are now six other branches across metropolitan Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=33.0,68.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBright's disease is a historical classification of kidney diseases that are described in modern medicine as acute or chronic nephritis. It was characterized by swelling and the presence of albumin in the urine. It was frequently accompanied by high blood pressure and heart disease.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=126.0,274.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA shochet is an adult male Jew who is trained and accredited by a rabbinic authority in the Jewish dietary laws. Specifically, a shochet slaughters animals in a way prescribed by Jewish dietary laws to avoid pain to the animal as much as possible, and to safeguard the health of the consumer.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=278.0,370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBubbe is a Yiddish nickname for “Grandma.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=278.0,370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEach year, mourners light a special yahrzeit [Hebrew: anniversary] candle and recite the Kaddish to observe the anniversary of the death of a relative. Memorial services for the dead are also held during the High Holy Days and the Festivals.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=278.0,370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil War, widely known in the United States as the “Civil War” or the “War Between the States,” was fought from 1861 to 1865 to determine the survival of the Union or independence for the Confederacy. In January 1861, seven Southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America. The Confederacy, often called the “South,” grew to include 11 states, and although they claimed 13 states and additional western territories, the Confederacy was never diplomatically recognized by a foreign country. The states that did not declare secession were known as the “Union” or the “North.” The war had its origin in the issue of slavery. After four years of bloody combat, which left over 600,000 Union and Confederate soldiers dead and destroyed much of the South's infrastructure, the Confederacy collapsed, slavery was abolished, and the difficult Reconstruction process of restoring national unity and granting civil rights to freed slaves began.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=379.0,482.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePogrom is a Russian word meaning \"to wreak havoc, to demolish violently\" that historically refers to violent attacks on by local non-Jewish populations on Jews. Anti-Jewish pogroms in the Russian Empire were large-scale, targeted, and repeated anti-Jewish rioting that first began in the 19th century. Pogroms began occurring after the Russian Empire acquired territories with large Jewish populations from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Ottoman Empire during 1772–1815.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=379.0,482.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA historic neighborhood of Atlanta that was formed around Grant Park, the fourth largest park in the city. It had two major attractions: Zoo Atlanta and the Atlanta Cyclorama, a cyclorama featuring the 1864 Battle of Atlanta during the Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=487.0,551.02312"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShul is a Yiddish word for synagogue that is derived from a German word meaning “school,” and emphasizes the synagogue's role as a place of study.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=487.0,551.02312"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1904, Congregation Shearith Israel began as a congregation that met in the homes of congregants until 1906 when they began using a Methodist church on Hunter Street. After World War II, Rabbi Tobias Geffen moved the congregation to University Drive, where it became the first synagogue in DeKalb County. In the 1960s, they removed the barrier between the men’s and women’s sections in the sanctuary, and officially became affiliated with the Conservative movement in 2002. As of 2022, the current Senior Rabbi of the congregation is Ari Kaiman.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=487.0,551.02312"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJames L. Key Elementary School was located at Ormond Street and Capital Avenue in Atlanta, Georgia and was in existence from at least the 1940s through the 1960s.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=487.0,551.02312"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eZoo Atlanta was founded in 1889, when businessman George V. Gress purchased a bankrupt traveling circus and donated the animals to the city of Atlanta. City leaders opted to house the collection in Grant Park, which remains the zoo's present location. The zoo's collection expanded in the 1930s with the personal donation of a private menagerie owned by Asa G. Candler, Jr. The 1950s and 1960s were decades of renovation and construction at the zoo, but by the early 1970s, many of its exhibits and facilities were outdated and showing signs of disrepair. In 1970, a small group of concerned citizens founded the Atlanta Zoological Society in hopes of raising funds and awareness for the institution. Following a period of decline in the mid-1980s, the zoo was privatized in 1985 with the creation of a nonprofit organization, Atlanta Fulton County Zoo Inc., and was renamed Zoo Atlanta that same year.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=551.02312,643.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKibbitz is a Yiddish word meaning to joke, wisecrack, socialize aimlessly.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=551.02312,643.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHome on the Range is an American folk song, sometimes called the unofficial anthem of the American West. Dr. Brewster M. Higley of Smith County, Kansas, wrote the lyrics as the poem My Western Home in 1872 or 1873. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=651.0,849.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Pledge of Allegiance of the United States is an expression of allegiance to the Flag of the United State and the Republic. It was composed by Colonel George Balch in 1887 and revised in 1892. Congress formally adopted it as the pledge in 1942. The last change in language came on Flag Day 1954 when the words “under G-d” were added.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=651.0,849.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAntisemitism is prejudice against, hostility to, or hatred of Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=651.0,849.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Educational Alliance (JEA) operated from 1910 to 1948 on the site where the Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium was later located. The JEA was once the hub of Jewish life in Atlanta. Families congregated there for social, educational, sports and cultural programs. The JEA ran camps and held classes to help some new residents learn to read and write English. For newcomers, it became a refuge, with programs to help them acclimate to a new home. The JEA stayed at that site until the late 1940s, when it evolved into the Atlanta Jewish Community Center and moved to Peachtree Street. It stayed there until 1998, when the building was sold and the center moved to Dunwoody. In 2000, it was renamed the “Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=861.0,1181.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHanukkah or Chanukah [Hebrew: dedication] is an eight-day festival of lights usually falling around Christmas on the Christian calendar. Hanukkah celebrates the victory of the Maccabees in 165 BCE over the Seleucid rulers of Palestine, who had desecrated the Temple. The Maccabees wanted to re-dedicate the Temple altar to Jewish worship by rekindling the menorah (ritual candelabra) but could only find one small jar of ritually pure olive oil. This oil continued to burn miraculously for eight days, enabling them to prepare new oil. The Hanukkah menorah, or hanukiah, with its nine branches, is used to commemorate this miracle by lighting eight candles, one for each day, with the ninth candle.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=861.0,1181.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCommercial High School began as a department of Girls’ High School in 1889 for girls who wanted to learn business skills. They taught bookkeeping, typing, math and history. It expanded to a four-story brick building on Pryor Street, and in 1910 became Atlanta’s first coed high school. It closed in June 1947.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=861.0,1181.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBetsy Wetsy was a \"drink-and-wet\" doll originally issued by the Ideal Toy Company of New York in 1937. It was one of the most popular dolls of its kind in the Post–World War II baby boom era. Named for the daughter of Abraham Katz, the head of the company, the doll's special feature was simulating urination after a fluid was poured into her open mouth.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=861.0,1181.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePesach [Hebrew: Passover] is the celebration of Israel’s liberation from Egyptian bondage. The holiday lasts for eight days. Unleavened bread, matzo, is eaten in memory of the unleavened bread prepared by the Israelites during their hasty flight from Egypt, when they had not time to wait for the dough to rise. On the first two nights of Passover, the seder, the central event of the holiday, is celebrated.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=861.0,1181.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSeder [Hebrew: order] is a Jewish ritual feast that marks the beginning of the Jewish holiday of Passover. It is conducted on the evening of the fifteenth day of Nisan in the Hebrew calendar throughout the world. Some communities hold seder on both the first two nights of Passover. The seder incorporates prayers, candle lighting, and traditional foods symbolizing the slavery of the Jews and the exodus from Egypt. It is one of the most colorful and joyous occasions in Jewish life.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=861.0,1181.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Fox Theatre, a former movie palace, is a performing arts venue located in Midtown Atlanta, and is the centerpiece of the Fox Theatre Historic District. The theater was originally planned as part of a large Shrine Temple as evidenced by its Moorish design. The 4,665-seat auditorium was ultimately developed as a lavish movie theater in the Fox Theatres chain and opened in 1929. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=861.0,1181.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePurim is a Jewish holiday that commemorates the deliverance of the Jewish people in the ancient Persian Empire from destruction in the wake of a plot by Haman, a story recorded in the Biblical Book of Esther. According to the Book of Esther, Haman planned to kill all the Jews, but Mordecai and his adopted daughter Queen Esther foiled his plans. The day of deliverance became a day of feasting and rejoicing. Some of the customs of Purim include drinking wine, wearing masks and costumes, and public celebration.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=861.0,1181.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe High Holy Days are the two holiest times of the Jewish calendar: Rosh HaShanah (Jewish New Year) and Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=1181.0,1188.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYiddish is the common historical language of Ashkenazi Jews from Central and Eastern Europe. It is heavily Germanic based but uses the Hebrew alphabet. The language was spoken or understood as a common tongue for many European Jews up until the middle of the twentieth century. Although the terms “Yiddish” and “Yid” are sometimes used to refer to Jews, Yiddish is a reference to a person's language and not necessarily their ethnicity, religion, or culture. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=1188.0,1493.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e“Five Points” refers to the downtown area of Atlanta, considered by many to be the center of town. It was the central hub of Atlanta until the 1960s, when the economic and demographic center shifted north toward the suburbs. It was recently revitalized, mostly due to Georgia State University having a large presence in the area. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=1188.0,1493.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Worker’s Circle (formerly Workmen's Circle) or Arbeiter Ring is a Yiddish language-oriented American-Jewish organization committed to social justice, Jewish community, and Ashkenazi culture. It provides old age homes for its aging members, as well as schools, camps, affordable health insurance and programs of concerts, lectures and holiday celebrations. It was founded in 1900 and was strongly socialist politically. It has moved more to the right on the American political spectrum in modern times.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=1188.0,1493.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEddie Cantor (born Isidore Itzkowitz; 1892-1964) was an American comedian, singer, actor, songwriter. Familiar to Broadway, radio and early television audiences. He was regarded almost as a family member by millions because his top-rated radio shows revealed intimate stories and amusing anecdotes about his wife Ida and five daughters.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=1188.0,1493.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFulton Bag and Cotton Mills is a formerly operating mill complex located in the Cabbagetown neighborhood of Atlanta. The beginnings of the company can be traced to 1868, when Jacob Elsas, an immigrant of German Jewish descent who had recently arrived in Atlanta from Cincinnati, began work in the rag, paper, and hide business. Elsas soon recognized the need for cloth and paper containers for their goods. Within two or three years, Elsas had switched to manufacturing cloth and paper bags and joined forces with fellow German Jewish immigrant Isaac May. Construction of the complex began in 1881 on the south side of the Georgia Railroad line, east of downtown Atlanta. The site now includes apartments and condominiums. (2021)\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=1188.0,1493.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWalter Winchell (1897-1972) was a syndicated American newspaper gossip columnist and radio news commentator. Originally a vaudeville performer, Winchell began his newspaper career as a Broadway reporter, critic and columnist for New York tabloids. He rose to national celebrity in the 1930s with Hearst newspaper chain syndication and a popular radio program. He was known for an innovative style of gossipy staccato news briefs, jokes, and Jazz Age slang. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=1188.0,1493.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eZionism is a movement which supports a Jewish national state in the territory defined as the Land of Israel. Although Zionism existed before the nineteenth century, in the 1890s Theodor Herzl popularized it and gave it a new urgency, as he believed that Jewish life in Europe was threatened and a State of Israel was needed. The State of Israel was established in 1948 and Zionism today is expressed as support for the continued existence of Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=1493.0,1503.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePalestine is a country in West Asia. It encompasses the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and the Gaza Strip, collectively known as the occupied Palestinian territories, within the broader geographic and historical Palestine region. Palestine shares most of its borders with Israel. It borders Jordan to the east and Egypt to the southwest. It has a total land area of 2,320 square miles, while its population exceeds five million people. Ramallah serves as its administrative center. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=1503.0,1845.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA Sisterhood is a group of women in a synagogue congregation who join together to offer social, cultural, educational, and volunteer service opportunities. Its male counterpart is called either a \"Brotherhood\" or a \"Men's Club.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=1503.0,1845.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBenjamin Hirsch was born just a few months before Adolf Hitler came to power. As a young child, Hirsch witnessed the terror of Kristallnacht, including the burning of the synagogue his family attended. His mother arranged passage for him and four siblings on a Kindertransport, a rescue mission for Jewish children that relocated them to England. Only nine years old and orphaned by the Holocaust, Hirsch eventually settled in Atlanta, joining his siblings who had arrived before him. He graduated from Hoke Smith High School, then entered the School of Architecture at Georgia Institute of Technology. During the Korean War, Hirsch joined the United States Army. After the war, he founded the architectural firm Benjamin Hirsch and Associates. His firm designed churches, synagogues, homes, medical emergency centers, and commercial, industrial, and municipal buildings. He was the architect of the Memorial to The Six Million at the Greenwood Cemetery in Atlanta, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, as well as designing the Holocaust exhibit at Atlanta's William Breman Heritage Museum. Mr. Hirsch also authored two autobiographies recounting his experiences during the Holocaust as child survivor and making a new life in Atlanta.    \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=1503.0,1845.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFarband Labor Zionist Order was a Jewish fraternal organization founded in 1910, originally known as the Jewish National Workers’ Alliance. With branches across the United States and Canada, it functioned as a mutual aid society aligned with the Socialist and Zionist political party Paole Zion. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=1503.0,1845.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Hebrew Orphans’ Home was located at 478 Washington Street in Atlanta, Georgia. The residence facility was open from 1876 to 1930. It was originally called the Hebrew Orphans’ Asylum and was originally an actual orphanage. In 1901, the name was changed to the Hebrew Orphans’ Home. Then its services phased into placing children in foster home care and helping with adoptions instead of an actual orphans' home, during which time it was called the Jewish Family and Children's Bureau (and another variation—Jewish Children's Services). Finally, it got out of the children's institutional care business entirely. In 1988, the organization’s mission changed and it became the Jewish Educational Loan Fund (JELF) with the goal of providing low-interest post-secondary education loans for Jewish students.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=1503.0,1845.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Hebrew Orphans’ Home was located at 478 Washington Street in Atlanta, Georgia. The residence facility was open from 1876 to 1930. It was originally called the Hebrew Orphans’ Asylum and was originally an actual orphanage. In 1901, the name was changed to the Hebrew Orphans’ Home. Then its services phased into placing children in foster home care and helping with adoptions instead of an actual orphans' home, during which time it was called the Jewish Family and Children's Bureau (and another variation—Jewish Children's Services). Finally it got out of the children's institutional care business entirely. In 1988, the organization’s mission changed and it became the Jewish Educational Loan Fund (JELF) with the goal of providing low-interest post-secondary education loans for Jewish students.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=1503.0,1845.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRichmond is the capital city of the commonwealth of Virginia. Incorporated in 1742, Richmond has been an independent city since 1871. The city's population in the 2020 United States census was 226,610, up from 204,214 in 2010, making it Virginia's fourth-most populous city.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=1503.0,1845.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA bar mitzvah [Hebrew: son of commandments; plural: b’nai mitzvah] is a rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day. At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes. He is now duty-bound to keep the commandments, he puts on tefillin, and may be counted to the minyan quorum for public worship. He celebrates the bar mitzvah by being called up to the reading of the Torah in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=1503.0,1845.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFort McPherson was a U.S. Army military base located in East Point, Georgia, on the southwest edge of Atlanta, Georgia. During World War II, Fort McPherson served as a general depot, where thousands of men were processed for entry in the army. Fort McPherson was closed down in 2011. The property is now owned by actor/producer Tyler Perry, who redeveloped the site into Tyler Perry Studios.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=1503.0,1845.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePearl Harbor is located on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, west of Honolulu. Much of the harbor and surrounding lands in a United States Navy deep-water naval base. It is also the headquarters of the United States Pacific Fleet. It was bombed by Japanese Navy Air forces on December 7, 1941, the action that directly prompted the United States' entry into World War II. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=1503.0,1845.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum in Atlanta celebrates and commemorates Jewish history, culture, and art through events and museum spaces. The Breman also contains the Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History, which houses thousands of manuscripts, oral histories, and photograph collections, related to southern Jewish history and the Holocaust. This interview of Perry Brickman is one of those transcripts.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=1503.0,1845.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHickam Air Force Base is a United States Air Force (USAF) installation, named in honor of aviation pioneer Lieutenant Colonel Horace Meek Hickam. The installation merged in 2010 with Naval Station Pearl Harbor to become part of the newly formed Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam, on the island of Oʻahu in the State of Hawaii.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=1503.0,1845.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYoung Judaea is a peer-led Zionist youth movement founded in 1909 for Jewish youth in grades 2–12. Its programs include youth clubs, conventions, summer camps and Israel programs that provide experiential programming through which Jewish youth and young adults build meaningful relationships with their peers, emphasize social action, and develop a lifelong commitment to Jewish life, the Jewish people, and Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=1856.23092,1925.04567"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Paramount Theater, located on Peachtree Street in downtown Atlanta, Georgia, opened in 1920 as the Howard Theater. In 1929, the name changed to the Paramount Theater. The building was demolished in 1960.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=1925.04567,2065.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLoew's Grand Theater, originally DeGive's Grand Opera House, was a movie theater at the corner of Peachtree and Forsyth Streets in downtown Atlanta, Georgia, United States. It was most famous as the site of the 1939 premiere of Gone with the Wind, which was attended by most of the stars of the film.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=1925.04567,2065.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBrandeis University is a private research college located in Waltham, Massachusetts. It was founded in 1948, as a non-sectarian, co-ed university sponsored by the Jewish community. The university was named for Louis Brandeis, the first Jewish United States Supreme Court Justice.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=2071.0,2154.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eArabic is a Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world. The ISO assigns language codes to 32 varieties of Arabic, including its standard form of Literary Arabic, known as Modern Standard Arabic, which is derived from Classical Arabic. This distinction exists primarily among Western linguists. Arabic speakers themselves generally do not distinguish between Modern Standard Arabic and Classical Arabic, but rather refer to both as al-fusha, “the eloquent Arabic.”Arabic is the third most widespread official language after English and French, one of six official languages of the United Nations, and the liturgical language of Islam. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=2161.0,2322.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSyria, officially known as Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant. It borders the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east and southeast, Jordan to the south, and Israel and Lebanon to the southwest. It is a republic under a transitional government and comprises 14 governorates. Damascus is the capital and largest city. With a population of 25 million across an area of 71,500 square miles. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=2161.0,2322.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSheigetz is a Yiddish wording meaning a non-Jewish boy or young man, often used disparagingly.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=2161.0,2322.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHoke Smith High School was a high school in Atlanta, Georgia from 1947 to 1985. It was named for Michael Hoke Smith who was a United States Senator from Georgia, the 58th Governor of Georgia, and United States Secretary of the Interior.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=2161.0,2322.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II (abbreviated WWII or WW2) was a global war involving fighting in most of the world and most countries. Most countries fought in the years 1939–1945 but some started fighting in 1937. Most of the world's countries, including all the great powers, fought as part of two military alliances: the Allies and the Axis Powers. World War II was the largest and deadliest conflict in all of history. It involved more countries, cost more money, involved more people, and killed more people than any other war in history. Between 50 to 85 million people died. The majority were civilians. It included massacres, the deliberate genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, starvation, disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons against civilians in history.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=2322.0,2332.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA son is sometimes called, affectionately, “Kaddishel” or “My Kaddish.” Kaddish [Hebrew: holy] is a hymn of praises to God found in the Jewish prayer service that is recited aloud while standing. The central theme of the Kaddish is the magnification and sanctification of God's name. Along with the Shema and Amidah, the Kaddish is one of the most important and central elements in the Jewish liturgy. Mourner's Kaddish is said at all prayer services and certain other occasions. Following the death of a parent, child, spouse, or sibling it is customary to recite the Mourner's Kaddish in the presence of a congregation daily for 30 days, or 11 months in the case of a parent, and then at every anniversary of the death. It is important to note that the Mourner's Kaddish does not mention death at all, but instead praises God.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=2332.0,2524.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAkron is a city in Summit County, Ohio, and its county seat. At the 2020 census, the city proper had a total population of 190,469, making it the fifth-most populous city in Ohio. The Akron metropolitan area, covering Summit and Portage counties, had a population of 702,219. It is located on the western edge of the Glaciated Allegheny Plateau in Northeast Ohio about 40 miles south of downtown Cleveland.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=2332.0,2524.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMarch Air Reserve Base is located in Riverside County, California, between the cities of Riverside, Moreno Valley, and Perris. It is the home to the Air Force Reserve Command's Fourth Air Force (4 AF) Headquarters and the host of the 452nd Air Mobility Wing (452 AMW), the largest air mobility wing of the Fourth Air Force. The facility covers 2,075 acres of land.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=2332.0,2524.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 1935, Georgia State University became the University System of Georgia’s Atlanta Extension Center, with separate Day and Night Divisions. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=2526.0,2648.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eB'nai B'rith International [Hebrew: Children of the Covenant] is the oldest Jewish service organization in the world. B'nai B'rith states that it is committed to the security and continuity of the Jewish people and the State of Israel and combating antisemitism and bigotry. Its mission is to unite persons of the Jewish faith and to enhance Jewish identity through strengthening Jewish family life, to provide broad-based services for the benefit of senior citizens, and to facilitate advocacy and action on behalf of Jews throughout the world.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=2526.0,2648.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThere are Jewish federations in most major cities. Their function is to fundraise for the Jewish community centrally and disperse it throughout the Jewish community (locally, nationally and internationally) rather than each Jewish institution trying to raise money individually.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=2526.0,2648.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAfter World War II, several hundred Holocaust survivors settled in Atlanta. In 1965, many refugees from the Soviet Union arrived in Atlanta after Congress’ revision of the American immigration laws expanded for a more generous refugee category. During the second half of the 20th century, Atlanta Jews grew increasingly concerned for the Jews behind the Iron Curtain. A wave of Jewish Soviet refugees arrived to Atlanta during the 1970s. The American Soviet Jewry Movement was a human rights campaign that advocated for the right of Jews in the Soviet Union to emigrate. A protest movement on behalf of Soviet Jewry spread throughout the United States during the 1960s and 1970s in response to the closure of synagogues, imprisonment and execution of Jewish leaders, and antisemitism experienced by Soviet Jews. When Soviet performers visited the United States, Jewish pickets demanding rights for Soviet Jews often greeted them.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=2659.0,2759.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAhavath Achim Synagogue (often referred to as \"AA\") was founded as an Orthodox congregation in 1887 in a small room on Gilmer Street. In 1901 they moved to a permanent building at the corner of Piedmont Avenue and Gilmer Street. In 1921, the congregation constructed a synagogue at Washington Street and Woodward Avenue. It joined the Conservative movement in 1952. The final service in the Washington Street building was held in 1958 to make way for construction of the Downtown Connector (the concurrent section of Interstate 75 and Interstate 85 through Atlanta). The synagogue moved to its current location on Peachtree Battle Avenue in 1958. As of 2022, Ahavath Achim is the largest Conservative synagogue in the Atlanta area and its current Senior Rabbi is Laurence Rosenthal.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=2764.0,2833.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKaddish [Hebrew: holy] is a hymn of praises to God found in the Jewish prayer service that is recited aloud while standing. The central theme of the Kaddish is the magnification and sanctification of God's name. Along with the Shema and Amidah, the Kaddish is one of the most important and central elements in the Jewish liturgy. Mourner's Kaddish is said at all prayer services and certain other occasions. Following the death of a parent, child, spouse, or sibling it is customary to recite the Mourner's Kaddish in the presence of a congregation daily for 30 days, or 11 months in the case of a parent, and then at every anniversary of the death. It is important to note that the Mourner's Kaddish does not mention death at all, but instead praises God.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=2848.0,3059.21931"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGribenes is a Yiddish word, a dish consisting of crisp chicken or goose skin cracklings with fried onions. Gribenes is often associated with the Jewish holidays Hanukkah and Rosh Hashanah. It is a favored food among Ashkenazi Jews and appears in Jewish stories and parables.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=2848.0,3059.21931"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNashville, often known as Music City, is the capital and most populous city in the state of Tennessee. It is the seat of Davidson County in Middle Tennessee, located on the Cumberland River. Nashville had a population of 689,447 at the 2020 census, making it the 21st-most populous city in the United States and the fourth-most populous city in the Southeast. The city is the center of the Nashville metropolitan area, home to 2.1 million people, and is among the fastest growing cities in the nation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=2848.0,3059.21931"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHanukkah or Chanukah [Hebrew: dedication] is an eight-day festival of lights usually falling around Christmas on the Christian calendar. Hanukkah celebrates the victory of the Maccabees in 165 BCE over the Seleucid rulers of Palestine, who had desecrated the Temple. The Maccabees wanted to re-dedicate the Temple altar to Jewish worship by rekindling the menorah (ritual candelabra) but could only find one small jar of ritually pure olive oil. This oil continued to burn miraculously for eight days, enabling them to prepare new oil. The Hanukkah menorah, or hanukiah, with its nine branches, is used to commemorate this miracle by lighting eight candles, one for each day, with the ninth candle.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=2848.0,3059.21931"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHurt Park is a two-acre park located in the triangle of the corners of Gilmer Street, Courtland Street, and Edgewood Avenue in downtown Atlanta. It was named for banker and real estate developer Joel Hurt. Opening in 1940, the park sits on the site of the former James Lynch residence and other structures. The park is now co-owned by the City of Atlanta and Georgia State University.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=2848.0,3059.21931"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHadassah, the Women’s Zionist Organization of America, is a volunteer service organization founded in 1912 by Henrietta Szold. It currently has over 300,000 members and supporters worldwide. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=2848.0,3059.21931"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSchlep is a Yiddish word that means to haul or carry something.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=2848.0,3059.21931"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMasada means “strong foundation or support” in Hebrew. Masada is the name for a site of ancient palaces and fortifications in southern Israel, on top of an isolated rock plateau on the eastern edge of the Judean Desert, overlooking the Dead Sea. Masada is best known for the resistance that occurred there in the first century CE when Roman troops besieged the plateau. Rather than be captured, the rebels committed mass suicide. Today it has been excavated and can be visited by tourists.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=2848.0,3059.21931"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHurt Park is a two-acre park located in the triangle of the corners of Gilmer Street, Courtland Street, and Edgewood Avenue in downtown Atlanta. It was named for banker and real estate developer Joel Hurt. Opening in 1940, the park sits on the site of the former James Lynch residence and other structures. The park is now co-owned by the City of Atlanta and Georgia State University.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=3059.21931,3316.22409"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSchlep is a Yiddish word that means to haul or carry something.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=3059.21931,3316.22409"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGribenes is a Yiddish word, a dish consisting of crisp chicken or goose skin cracklings with fried onions. Gribenes is often associated with the Jewish holidays Hanukkah and Rosh Hashanah. It is a favored food among Ashkenazi Jews and appears in Jewish stories and parables.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=3316.22409,3501.04967"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHanukkah or Chanukah [Hebrew: dedication] is an eight-day festival of lights usually falling around Christmas on the Christian calendar. Hanukkah celebrates the victory of the Maccabees in 165 BCE over the Seleucid rulers of Palestine, who had desecrated the Temple. The Maccabees wanted to re-dedicate the Temple altar to Jewish worship by rekindling the menorah (ritual candelabra) but could only find one small jar of ritually pure olive oil. This oil continued to burn miraculously for eight days, enabling them to prepare new oil. The Hanukkah menorah, or hanukiah, with its nine branches, is used to commemorate this miracle by lighting eight candles, one for each day, with the ninth candle.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=3316.22409,3501.04967"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNashville, often known as Music City, is the capital and most populous city in the state of Tennessee. It is the seat of Davidson County in Middle Tennessee, located on the Cumberland River. Nashville had a population of 689,447 at the 2020 census, making it the 21st-most populous city in the United States and the fourth-most populous city in the Southeast. The city is the center of the Nashville metropolitan area, home to 2.1 million people, and is among the fastest growing cities in the nation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=3316.22409,3501.04967"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKaddish [Hebrew: holy] is a hymn of praises to God found in the Jewish prayer service that is recited aloud while standing. The central theme of the Kaddish is the magnification and sanctification of God's name. Along with the Shema and Amidah, the Kaddish is one of the most important and central elements in the Jewish liturgy. Mourner's Kaddish is said at all prayer services and certain other occasions. Following the death of a parent, child, spouse, or sibling it is customary to recite the Mourner's Kaddish in the presence of a congregation daily for 30 days, or 11 months in the case of a parent, and then at every anniversary of the death. It is important to note that the Mourner's Kaddish does not mention death at all, but instead praises God.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=3662.71553,3823.93231"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCongregation Ohev Shalom is a Conservative synagogue located in Sandy Springs, a suburb north of Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=3827.53209,3957.46104"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFounded in Atlanta in 1953, the Katherine and Jacob Greenfield Hebrew Academy (GHA), originally known as The Hebrew Academy, was the first Jewish day school in the country to be accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. In 2014, GHA merged with Yeshiva Atlanta high school to become what is now Atlanta Jewish Academy.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=3827.53209,3957.46104"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAleph Zadik Aleph (AZA) is an international youth-led fraternal organization for Jewish teenage boys. Its sister organization for teenage girls is B'nai B'rith Girls (BBG). B'nai B'rith Youth Organization, now BBYO, is an umbrella organization including Jewish teens in both AZA and BBG.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=3827.53209,3957.46104"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCongregation Beth El was founded in Atlanta, Georgia in the mid-twentieth century. Among its leaders was Holocaust survivor Helen Spiegel. It was located on University Drive, on land donated by Herbert Taylor. The synagogue was dissolved for financial reasons within a few years of its charter.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=3827.53209,3957.46104"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMishegoss is a Yiddish word meaning craziness, foolery, indulgence.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=3957.46104,4096.22065"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAugusta is a city on the central eastern border of the state of Georgia. The city lies directly across the Savannah River from North Augusta, South Carolina at the head of its navigable portion. Augusta, the second most populous city in Georgia (following Atlanta), is situated in the Fall Line region of the state. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Augusta had a 2020 population of 202,081.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=3957.46104,4096.22065"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Progressive Club was a Jewish social organization in Atlanta, Georgia. It was established in 1913 by Russian Jews who felt unwelcome at the Standard Club, where German Jews were predominant. At first the club was located in a rented house until a new club was built on Pryor Street including a swimming pool and a gym. In 1940 the club opened a larger facility at 1050 Techwood Drive in Midtown with three swimming pools, tennis, and softball. In 1976 the club moved north to 1160 Moore’s Mill Road near Interstate 75. The property was eventually sold to the YMCA as the club faced financial challenges. The Carl E. Sanders Family YMCA at Buckhead, which stands on the former site of the Progressive Club, opened in 1996.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=4356.0,4904.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCallaway Resort \u0026amp; Gardens is a 2,500-acre resort complex located near Pine Mountain in Harris County, Georgia, 18 miles from LaGrange, Georgia. The world's largest azalea garden, this destination draws over 750,000 visitors annually.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=4356.0,4904.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAtlanta Municipal Auditorium was built on the corner of Gilmer and Courtland Streets in downtown Atlanta, Georgia, in 1909. The building was the site for numerous performances, civic and cultural events. It was renovated in 1938, and then partially destroyed during a fire in 1940. It opened again in 1943 and was later sold to Georgia State University in 1979.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=4356.0,4904.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSpiel is a Yiddish word meaning a “play” or “skit.” A Purim spiel is a is a dramatic presentation of the events outlined in the Book of Esther.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=4356.0,4904.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Hillel Norry was born in Rochester, New York. He attended public school there. He attended Brandeis University, intending to enter academia. He completed rabbinical school at the Jewish Theological Seminary of America (JTS) in 1993 His grandparents Ruth and Sol Singer were among Atlanta's Jewish leadership. His mother Sharon Norry was involved in arts and Judaica. In 2002, Norry took a senior rabbi position with Congregation Shearith Israel in Atlanta. In April 2021, Norry was interim rabbi in Chattanooga's B’nai Zion, then joined Temple Beth-El as interim rabbi in Birmingham, Alabama, as of June 2021.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=4356.0,4904.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShabbat (Hebrew) or Shabbos (Yiddish) is the Jewish Sabbath and is observed on Saturdays. Shabbat observance entails refraining from work activities and engaging in restful activities to honor the day. Shabbat begins at sundown on Friday night and is ushered in by lighting candles and reciting a blessing. It is closed the following evening with the recitation of the havdalah blessing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=4356.0,4904.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Marc H. Wilson was born in Chicago, Illinois in 1949 and was a rabbi at Congregation Shearith Israel in Atlanta from 1975 to 1985. He received a bachelor's degree from De Paul University, and rabbinic ordination from Hebrew Theological College in Chicago. He was the founding principal of Morton Grove Community Hebrew School in Chicago in 1970. After leaving Shearith Israel, he served as rabbi for Temple Israel in Charlotte and Beth Israel in Greenville, South Carolina. He is the author of columns and commentaries published in the Atlanta Jewish Times, Columbia State, Reader’s Digest, the Washington Post, Philadelphia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=4356.0,4904.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for “daughter of commandments.” A rite of passage for Jewish girls aged 12 years and one day according to her Hebrew birthday. Many girls have their bat mitzvah around age 13, the same as boys who have their bar mitzvah at that age. The bat mitzvah girl is now duty bound to keep the commandments. Synagogue ceremonies are held for bat mitzvah girls in Reform and Conservative communities, but it has not won the approval of Orthodox rabbis. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=4356.0,4904.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Sydney K. Mossman was born in Windsor, Canada in 1913. He served in Germany during and after World War II. He served for many years at Shearith Israel in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=4356.0,4904.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWilkes-Barre is a city in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, and its county seat. Located at the center of the Wyoming Valley in Northeastern Pennsylvania, it had a population of 44,328 in the 2020 census. It is the second-largest city, after Scranton, in the Scranton–Wilkes-Barre–Hazleton, PA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which had a population of 567,559 as of the 2020 census, making it the fifth-largest metropolitan area in Pennsylvania after the Delaware Valley, Greater Pittsburgh, the Lehigh Valley, and Greater Harrisburg.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=4911.0,5330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlsace–Lorraine was a territory of the German Empire, located in modern-day France. It was established in 1871 by the German Empire after it had occupied the region during the Franco-Prussian War. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=4911.0,5330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePrussia was a German state centered on the North European Plain that originated from the 1525 secularization of the Prussian part of the State of the Teutonic Order. Prussia formed the German Empire when it united the German states in 1871.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=4911.0,5330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEufaula is the largest city in Barbour County, southeast Alabama. It lies on the Chattahoochee River (dammed south of the city to form the Walter F. George Reservoir [or Lake Eufaula]), at the Georgia state line, about 90 miles southeast of Montgomery, Alabama. As of the 2010 census the city's population was 13,137.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=4911.0,5330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKentucky, officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a landlocked state in the Southeastern region of the United States. It borders Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio to the north, West Virginia to the northeast, Virginia to the east, Tennessee to the south, and Missouri to the west. Its northern border is defined by the Ohio River. Its capital is Frankfort and its most populous city is Louisville. As of 2024, the state's population was approximately 4.6 million.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=4911.0,5330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFort Gordon and Camp Gordon, now known as Fort Eisenhower, is a United States Army installation established southwest of Augusta, Georgia, in October 1941. It is the current home of the United States Army Signal Corps, United States Army Cyber Command, and the Cyber Center of Excellence as well as the National Security Agency/Central Security Service' Georgia Cryptologic Center.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=4911.0,5330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War I, also called First World War or Great War, was an international conflict that in 1914–18 embroiled most of the nations of Europe along with Russia, the United States, the Middle East, and other regions. The war pitted the Central Powers—mainly Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey—against the Allies—mainly France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, Japan, and, from 1917, the United States. It ended with the defeat of the Central Powers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=4911.0,5330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMoultrie is the county seat and largest city of Colquitt County, Georgia. It is the third largest city in Southwest Georgia, behind Thomasville and Albany. As of the 2020 census, Moultrie's population was 14,638.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=4911.0,5330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSimcha is a Hebrew word with several meanings: literally, it means “gladness” or “joy.” The concept of simcha is an important one in Jewish philosophy; it is a mitzvah to always be in a state of happiness, the better to serve God. It is also often used as a noun meaning “festive occasion.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=4911.0,5330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eChattanooga is a city in Hamilton County, Tennessee. Its county seat. It is located along the Tennessee River and borders Georgia to the south. It has a population of 181,099 in 2020.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=4911.0,5330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta raises funds, which are dispersed throughout the Jewish community. Services also include caring for Jews in need locally and around the world, community outreach, leadership development, and educational opportunities. It is an affiliate of the Jewish Federations of North America (JFNA).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=4911.0,5330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGainesville is a city and the county seat of Hall County, Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 42,296. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=4911.0,5330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSarasota is a city in and the county seat of Sarasota County, Florida. It is located in Southwest Florida, the southern end of the Tampa Bay area, and north of Fort Myers and Punta Gorda. Its official limits include Sarasota Bay and several barrier islands between the bay and the Gulf of Mexico. According to the 2020 U.S. census, Sarasota had a population of 54,842, up from 51,917 at the 2010 census.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=5331.0,5717.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGoldbricking is the practice of doing less work than one is able to, while maintaining the appearance of working. The term originates from the confidence trick of applying a gold coating to a brick of worthless metal—while workers may appear industrious or productive on the surface, in reality they are less valuable.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=5331.0,5717.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eScholastic Corporation is an American multinational publishing, education, and media company that publishes and distributes books, comics, and educational materials for schools, teachers, parents, children, and other educational institutions. Products are distributed via retail and online sales and through schools via reading clubs and book fairs. Scholastic was founded in 1920 by Maurice R. Robinson near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to be a publisher of youth magazines. The first publication was The Western Pennsylvania Scholastic.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=5331.0,5717.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFair Lawn is a borough in Bergen County, in the state of New Jersey of northeastern United States, a suburb located 12 miles northwest of New York City. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 34,927, an increase of 2,470 from the 2010 census.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=5331.0,5717.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNew Haven is a city in the state of Connecticut. It is located on New Haven Harbor on the northern shore of Long Island Sound. With a population of 135,081 as determined by the 2020 U.S. census, New Haven is the third largest city in Connecticut after Bridgeport and Stamford.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=5331.0,5717.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041/annotation_set/1964/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e“Mensch” (plural: menschen) is a Yiddish word meaning \"a person of integrity and honor.” The term is used as a high compliment, expressing the rarity and value of that individual's qualities. The word has migrated into American English, where a mensch is a particularly good person, similar to a “stand-up guy,” a person with the qualities one would hope for in a friend or trusted colleague.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/154867/file/284041#t=5733.0,5871.0"}]}]}]}