{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/r785h7d33f/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Friedman, Henry (2000)"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2000-10-23 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Friedman, Henry (Interviewee)","Kent, John (Interviewer)","Einstein, Ruth (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther \u0026amp; Herbert Taylor Jewish Oral History Collection","Children of Holocaust Survivors Project"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eHenry Friedman was interviewed by John Kent and Ruth Einstein on October 23, 2000 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eHenry Friedman was born in 1923 in Transylvania, an area between Romania and Hungary whose borders frequently changed. He was the youngest of three children born to an assimilated Jewish family who enjoyed a relatively comfortable lifestyle. Before World War II, Henry had studied to become an engineer in the textile industry.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1940, the area he lived in was annexed by Hungary, a Nazi ally. Henry and his family’s lives became more and more restrictive. Henry’s brother and brother-in-law were sent to forced labor camps. His brother never returned. After the Germans occupied Hungary in 1944, Henry and his father were also sent to forced labor camps. His father soon returned home in poor health and was sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau with Henry’s mother, sister, and grandmother. They all perished.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHenry was sent to work in a factory in Budapest, where he was beaten regularly. After a brief hospital stay and surviving numerous bombing raids, he was given a special pass from legendary Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenberg, which saved him from a forced march in the dead of winter and temporarily allowed him to stay in a protected safe house in Budapest.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAs the Russian army surrounded Budapest, Henry was forced into a ghetto. He was then forced to supply troops on the German front in sub-zero temperatures. When he was injured, he was lined up in front of a firing squad, which he miraculously survived. He spent the last few weeks of the war in hiding. When the Russian army entered the city, Henry again narrowly escaped a forced march.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAfter liberation, Henry briefly returned home to look for surviving family. After encountering more antisemitism, he fled to Italy. Five years later, he immigrated to the United States, settling in Atlanta, Georgia. Henry married, Sherry Wolf in 1956 and they had one son, Stephen. He enjoyed a successful career in food sales and distribution. He continues to actively share his experiences and reflections with school groups and the community.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eHenry reminisces about his family and the antisemitism he experienced in his childhood. He outlines the establishment of ghettos and the beginning of deportations. Henry recalls a blessing put upon him before he left for forced labor. He recounts the factory and foundry he worked at and the bombings and abuse he endured. Henry recalls the kindness he received while briefly convalescing in a hospital. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHenry explains how he received a protection pass from the Swedish Consulate, was saved from a forced march, and was sent to a safe house, and then a ghetto. He details being forced to service the German front line, being injured, and surviving a firing squad. He describes how he survived in hiding until the war ended and returned home with the help of a Good Samaritan. He recalls the hate he witnessed when he returned home. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHenry reflects on the parallels between his life and the movie, Gone With the Wind. He shares how he came to Atlanta, became a painter, and then began a career in sales. He talks about how Jews in the South maintained separate social clubs and reflects on how his Jewish identity changed over the years. He describes his level of awareness during the Civil Rights movement in Atlanta. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHenry shares his experience as an immigrant and an encounter with a German immigrant. Henry mentions meeting his wife, and her activism in the community. He explains why it is now important to him to share his experiences as well as his feelings about forgiveness. He discusses what he is proud of and his life's accomplishments, as well as what characteristics he thinks he inherited from his family. Henry expresses what lessons he hopes the students he speaks to will learn. The interview ends after Henry recounts his retirement and the honors he has received. \u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/29013"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Friedman, Henry (b. 1923) (personal name)","Friedman, Sherry Wolf (1936-2016) (personal name)","Friedman, Stephen (b.~1959) (personal name)","Friedman, Stephen (1920-unknown) (personal name)","Hitler, Adolf (1899-1945) (personal name)","Manfred, Weiss (1857–1922) (personal name)","Wallenberg, Raoul (1912-disappeared January 17, 1945) (personal name)","Krinsky, Miriam “Mickie” Greenberg Eisenberg (1925-2018) (personal name)","Irving, David (b. 1938) (personal name)","Lipstadt, Deborah (b. 1947) (personal name)","Budapest, Hungary (geographic term)","Oradea, Romania (geographic term)","Maghvarad (Nagyvarad), Hungary (geographic term)","Gyor, Hungary (geographic term)","Czapel, Hungary (geographic term)","Siberia, Russia (geographic term)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","Warsaw, Poland (geographic term)","Milan, Italy (geographic term)","Danube River (geographic term)","Romania (geographic term)","Russia (geographic term)","Hungary (geographic term)","Transylvania (geographic term)","Italy (geographic term)","Poland (geographic term)","Germany (geographic term)","Israel (geographic term)","Austria (geographic term)","Austria-Hungary (geographic term)","Sweden (geographic term)","Spain (geographic term)","United States (geographic term)","BBC/British Broadcasting Corporation (corporate name)","Red Cross (corporate name)","Jewish Federation (corporate name)","Jewish Progressive Club (corporate name)","Capital City Club (corporate name)","Piedmont Driving Club (corporate name)","Mooney’s Lake (corporate name)","Shiloh High School (corporate name)","Alterman Foods, Inc. (corporate name)","CFS Continental, Inc. (corporate name)","Sysco Corporation, Inc. (corporate name)","Daimler-Benz (corporate name)","William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum (corporate name)","World War II (named event)","Holocaust (named event)","Civil Rights (named event)","The Temple Bombing (named event)","Pogroms (named event)","Warsaw Ghetto (other)","Ghetto (other)","Auschwitz-Birkenau (other)","Concentration Camps (other)","Nazis (other)","Allied Forces (other)","Gone with the Wind (other)","Uncle Tom’s Cabin (other)","Mein Kampf (other)","Antisemitic (other)","Orthodox Jewish (other)","Schutzpass (other)","Weidergutmachgung (other)","Yiddish (other)","Kosher (other)","Sabbath (other)","Synagogue (other)","Star of David (other)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eHenry Friedman was interviewed by John Kent and Ruth Einstein on October 23, 2000 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenry Friedman was born in 1923 in Transylvania, an area between Romania and Hungary whose borders frequently changed. He was the youngest of three children born to an assimilated Jewish family who enjoyed a relatively comfortable lifestyle. Before World War II, Henry had studied to become an engineer in the textile industry.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1940, the area he lived in was annexed by Hungary, a Nazi ally. Henry and his family\u0026rsquo;s lives became more and more restrictive. Henry\u0026rsquo;s brother and brother-in-law were sent to forced labor camps. His brother never returned. After the Germans occupied Hungary in 1944, Henry and his father were also sent to forced labor camps. His father soon returned home in poor health and was sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau with Henry\u0026rsquo;s mother, sister, and grandmother. They all perished.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHenry was sent to work in a factory in Budapest, where he was beaten regularly. After a brief hospital stay and surviving numerous bombing raids, he was given a special pass from legendary Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenberg, which saved him from a forced march in the dead of winter and temporarily allowed him to stay in a protected safe house in Budapest.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAs the Russian army surrounded Budapest, Henry was forced into a ghetto. He was then forced to supply troops on the German front in sub-zero temperatures. When he was injured, he was lined up in front of a firing squad, which he miraculously survived. He spent the last few weeks of the war in hiding. When the Russian army entered the city, Henry again narrowly escaped a forced march.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAfter liberation, Henry briefly returned home to look for surviving family. After encountering more antisemitism, he fled to Italy. Five years later, he immigrated to the United States, settling in Atlanta, Georgia. Henry married, Sherry Wolf in 1956 and they had one son, Stephen. He enjoyed a successful career in food sales and distribution. He continues to actively share his experiences and reflections with school groups and the community.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenry reminisces about his family and the antisemitism he experienced in his childhood. He outlines the establishment of ghettos and the beginning of deportations. Henry recalls a blessing put upon him before he left for forced labor. He recounts the factory and foundry he worked at and the bombings and abuse he endured. Henry recalls the kindness he received while briefly convalescing in a hospital.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHenry explains how he received a protection pass from the Swedish Consulate, was saved from a forced march, and was sent to a safe house, and then a ghetto. He details being forced to service the German front line, being injured, and surviving a firing squad. He describes how he survived in hiding until the war ended and returned home with the help of a Good Samaritan. He recalls the hate he witnessed when he returned home.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHenry reflects on the parallels between his life and the movie, Gone With the Wind. He shares how he came to Atlanta, became a painter, and then began a career in sales. He talks about how Jews in the South maintained separate social clubs and reflects on how his Jewish identity changed over the years. He describes his level of awareness during the Civil Rights movement in Atlanta.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHenry shares his experience as an immigrant and an encounter with a German immigrant. Henry mentions meeting his wife, and her activism in the community. He explains why it is now important to him to share his experiences as well as his feelings about forgiveness. He discusses what he is proud of and his life's accomplishments, as well as what characteristics he thinks he inherited from his family. Henry expresses what lessons he hopes the students he speaks to will learn. The interview ends after Henry recounts his retirement and the honors he has received.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/172/812/small/Friedman_Henry.mp4_1671496812.jpg?1671496813","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Friedman_Henry.mp4"]},"duration":10849.339,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/172/812/small/Friedman_Henry.mp4_1671496812.jpg?1671496813","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/172/812/original/Friedman_Henry.mp4?1671496804","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":10849.339,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Henry Friedman [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KENT: It is October 23, 2000 in Atlanta, Georgia. What is your name and where\nwere you born please?\n\nFRIEDMAN: My current name is Henry Friedman. I was born in Romania--actually\nTransylvania, which is close to the eastern part of Hungary. When I was born,\noccupied by Romania ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the Romanian name was Oradea Mare. In 1940, it was\ngiven to Hungary. That region had been changed again back and forth, being\nRomania, Hungary, Romania . . . Today it is Romania again. In Hungarian, it is\ncalled Nagyvarad. When German occupation happened, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which was in March 1944, it\nwas Hungary at that time already.\n\nKENT: What was your name originally?\n\nFRIEDMAN: Originally, [it was] Friedman, Emerch. I had so much\ndifficulty--people asked me, \"What? What's your name?\" I changed it to Enrico in\nItaly. When I came here, Enrico was Henry. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was Freidman, Emerch Henry. Today,\nto simplify things, it's Henry Friedman.\n\nKENT: What was your situation during the war, before the Germans took over?\n\nFRIEDMAN: Before the Germans took over, the life wasn't as good like it should\nhave been. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Even at that time, for several years already, in schools [there] was\na quota system. As a Jew, sometimes you didn't qualify for the quota system in\nschools, in higher education. My aim for many years prior to that [was] I wanted\nto be a textile engineer. I got some education in university in Hungary, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I\nwasn't able to continue all the time because I didn't qualify for the quota\nsystem. Not to lose any time, I was working in shops where they manufactured\nmachineries for the textile machineries. I had some background in these shops,\nso as not to lose completely out on getting the regular scholastic training.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KENT: How would you describe the attitude of the general population towards the\nJewish people at the time?\n\nFRIEDMAN: It used to be . . . I remember when I was very young, in the same\ncommunity, in the same city, we had pogroms. I remember that. That was under\nRomanian [rule], but [it was] the same people in the same city. We didn't move\nor nothing. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Just the regime changed from Romanian to Hungarian. It was quite\ncommon that the Jews wasn't equal to the Gentiles [non-Jewish people] even at\nthat time, as far as I can recall it in the late 1920's or early 1930's.\n\nKENT: How did you personally respond to that attitude when the people around you\npresented it to you?\n\nFRIEDMAN: It was . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was very young at the time when I recall the pogroms.\nLater on, somehow I went to Jewish elementary schools and Jewish high schools,\nand we lived very close to a Jewish synagogue [in] a Jewish community, so I\nwasn't that much exposed to it. But, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"also if you want to do something, not being\na Gentile, it meant a lot. You were scrutinized. Things were not so easy.\n\nKENT: How much did you and the people around you know about what was happening\nin the war before March 1944?\n\nFRIEDMAN: We knew some. We was listening to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the BBC radio, for instance. We\nknew, but we never knew too much. It was never said too much what was going on,\neven whatever we hear after the war that even in the United States what was said\n[was] they didn't know what was going on, which I don't believe. The\nintelligence--I think they knew exactly what was going on. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In many instances, if\nthe United States, or the Allies, or the British, if they would bombard certain\nthings it would have been much easier for the remaining Jews, like the\nHungarians, like myself. We were all part of the last bastions, the last place\nin Europe where these programs, where this discrimination ended. Until 1944, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the life\nwasn't too bad. It wasn't excellent. It wasn't perfect, but it wasn't too bad. I\nknow everyone known--not everyone, but the intelligence service knew about what\nis going on. They could have saved in some instances some lives, some\nindividuals, but the whole picture looked like it was bigger than what affected us.\n\nKENT: Even ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if the official news media wasn't reporting on what became the\nHolocaust, do you know if the Jewish community had information or any kind of\nunderground, front-line information?\n\nFRIEDMAN: I doubt it. I doubt that we knew anything prior to the end. I doubt\nthat we knew too much because I don't recall anything. The only thing I recall\nwas ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"already in 1944, that there [were] some Jewish transports in a railway\nstation, in cattle cars, that the Jews would be relocated from small localities\nso the Germans and the Hungarians will have a more steady hand to control the\nJews. They wanted instead to from rural areas ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to bring them all in big\ncities--rural areas where maybe two or three Jewish families live, not to be so\nspread out, to be in more concentrated areas so they will have a more even hand.\nWhen we were told there's a transport at the railway station with lots of Jews,\nwe tried to go to the station and take food out to them, to help Jews ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who are in\nthe transport. Where they were taken, no one knew it. At that time, we didn't\nknow about concentration camps. We didn't know whatever the Germans decided\n[would be] the final act. We didn't know nothing about it. I personally didn't\nknow nothing until after the war. I was in Hungary all the time. I didn't know\nwhat is going on. The news was completely ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"controlled by the government. The\nnewspaper never wrote nothing. I don't know if it was not allowed. We didn't\nknow what was going on. Until the end of the war, I didn't know what happened to\nmy family. I didn't know it.\n\nKENT: Could you give an overview of that last year of the war--where you were\nand what happened to you?\n\nFRIEDMAN: Due to the war already?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KENT: Yes. The final year.\n\nFRIEDMAN: The final year . . . somehow I feel like I been saved, that I been\nblessed because, by the end, in spring 1944, I was 21 years of age. To go into\nthe service, it was mandatory. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I got my draft report to present myself. That was\nabout the second week after March 1944, when the Germans occupied Hungary. At\nthat time already, we had to wear yellow stars and things by the days, by the\nhours changed. New rules and regulations ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came. For instance, the professions\nwasn't allowed. Jewish teachers weren't allowed to teach other than Jewish\nchildren. A physician wasn't allowed to treat anyone but Jewish patients. About\nthe end of the first week already, my father was taken to forced labor. He was\nan insurance broker. He--who never in his life done nothing physical--was taken\nin. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I received my draft notice to be called to the service. I had my topcoat on.\nAt that time already was only my sister, my mother, and my grandmother at home.\nI kissed them and I said goodbye. I didn't realize that would be the last time\nI'd ever see them. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On the way out, my grandmother said, \"Wait just one second. I\nwant to take you some place.\" We lived in a duplex. She was taking me to the\nother part of the duplex. I told her, \"Let's don't look for any kind of problem.\nYou know that a German officer took over that part of the duplex. Let's don't\nlook for any kind of problem.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She said, \"Just follow me.\" We went over there\nand she opened a door. In that duplex, it was an old man with a long, white\nbeard and a tallis--a prayer shawl--over his shoulder. It looked like it was\npre-arranged. As we walked in, he took off the prayer shawl. He put it over my\nhead. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He raised both of his arms above my head and he bentshed [Yiddish:\nblessed] me. He blessed me. With that blessing, I kissed my grandmother again,\nand I left the house, and I was walking towards the railway station. We were\nquite assimilated, except my grandmother--my mother's mother--who wore a wig ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for\nreligious purposes. She kept kosher, but the rest of our family was quite\nassimilated. On the way toward the railway station, I didn't give too much\nimportance to that blessing. I was too much preoccupied about my family, what\nwill happen, what's going on and also preoccupied where I am going to a place\nand ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what to expect, what will happen over there. That blessing or whatever I\nreceived, even today I feel like it was like a shield of protection. I went\nthrough so many things in that one year after what happened and so many things\nwhat I would not have done if not that blessing. When I arrived to that camp\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about 90 miles above where I used to live and I presented myself, it was several\nthousand individuals like myself. Against my better will, there was a bulletin\nboard [message that said] they was looking for individuals with mechanical\nbackground. Since I felt like I did have mechanical background, I volunteered.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Normally, I would not have done nothing like that. You don't volunteer in a\nservice or anything like that because they asking individuals, \"Do we have any\ngood handwriting?\" They hand them a broom to sweep. It is not the right thing to\nvolunteer, but something forced me to do that. I volunteered and, from there, a\ncouple hundred of us was selected. We was taken to Budapest [Hungary] from\nthere. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In Budapest, my first assignment was we went to . . . it was in Czapel,\nnot far from downtown Budapest. It was on outskirts of Budapest. It was a\ntremendous big factory called Weiss Manfred. I was assigned . . . the first\nassignment was in an airplane factory. Weiss Manfred had at that time had way\nover 100,000 workers. They manufactured from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"airplanes to tanks, anything\nconnected with the war industry. That's where I started first. We had\nbombardments. The factory was bombarded sometimes even twice a day. In my first\nexperience when the sirens blasted [to warn] that planes are approaching,\neverybody's panicking, everybody's running toward the shelter. That was for the\nfirst time ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over there, I was told that there's no place in a shelter for Jews.\n[They said,] \"You can't get in.\" We just were outside from the building, still\nin the compound. Outside, we just ran as far away as we can from the buildings,\nwe just laid down, and watched the plane approaching. They dropped their bombs.\nWe went back to work. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"After maybe a month's time, the whole place was completely\nout of production. They wasn't able because it was in such bad shape from the\ncontinuous bombardments. I was assigned to a foundry. In the foundry, we was\npouring molten steel into ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a clay form mold. There wasn't enough time at that\ntime for the clay to be processed completely, to go through some ovens to take\nall the moisture out. When we poured in the hot steel in the mold, sparks was\nflying out from the clay molds and burned through ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the clothing. What I tried to\ntell you about this foundry [is] because something very important happened from\nthere in a couple days or week. Our lunch came in everyday at noontime\n[unintelligible: 17:18] from where we stayed. One day, a captain who was in\ncharge of the whole factory--a fairly young individual today. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He couldn't be\nmore than his mid-30's--passed by as we are lined up to get our meal from the\nmobile kitchen. He pointed at me, \"You, Jew. Some of the points of your star is\nloose. I want to see you in my office later on.\" Then he just turned around. He\nsaid, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"I changed my mind. I want to see you right away.\" The sergeant who was\nour guard . . . the three of us was walking toward his office. Over there, when\nwe reached his office, he closed his door, and without too much conversation, he\nwas beating me with his fists [on] my head and kicking. I felt like ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I just had\nto get away from it. We start to run around his desk. His desk was in the middle\nof a big room. I was walking around. He tried to kick me from the back. Finally,\nwhen I reached the door of his office, I busted it open. I ran away. A couple of\ndays later . . . somehow it didn't satisfy him. When I'm ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ready to pour the\nmolten steel into the clay form, somehow the captain found where I am working\nand picked up the first steel rod he found over there--a pipe. He started to\nbeat me from the back. Even under a normal situation, we had to pour ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the steel\nthrough a small opening a little bit larger than a silver dollar [1.04 inches;\n26.5 millimeters]. When he hit, I wasn't able to aim for that point and the\nsparks was even worse and worse. I was burned from the sparks. This happened for\nabout two weeks time. I wasn't able to lay down ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because my back was bleeding\nalready as he was hitting me, but my front was even worse. I was infected from\nthe chemicals, the magnesium or whatever composite that steel was made out of. I\nwas just a scab [with] pus running off from me all over. After close to the\nsecond week, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I didn't want to tell my commandant what was going on with me\neveryday. I [figured] I would take a different approach. [I said,] \"I don't know\nwhat's wrong with me but probably I'm infected somehow. I don't want everyone,\nif I'm contagious, to catch what I have since pus is running all over from me.\"\n[I asked] for me to be taken to a doctor, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a hospital, to find out what's wrong\n[so I would not] infect everybody. It worked because the next morning, they put\nme with a guard on the train. We went to Budapest. We went to a big army\nhospital. There was lot and lots of people there already. They gave us a number\nand [said] to wait. With that number, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we was going down to the court[yard] with\na loud speaker so whenever somebody's number came up, you could hear that number\nthrough a speaker. We waited in a court[yard]. I don't know [if it was] because\nthe hospital was located close to a railway station or [if it was targeted]\nintentionally, but the hospital got a blanket . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"saturated bombardment, which\nmeans every so . . . frequently a bomb was falling. In a very, very short time,\nthe hospital was ruined. People dying, people running . . . It felt like to me\nit was a lifetime. I was outside and nothing happened to me. In the afternoon,\nthey tried ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to get everyone together who was alive. [They] took us to a school,\nwhich was a mere temporary place for us. Next morning, we was taken by railway\nto Gyor, G-Y-O-R [Hungary]. That's in the western part from Budapest. That was a\nhospital. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"From the first day, it was very obvious to me that something was very\nstrange: I was the only Jew in that hospital and that I was getting the same,\nclean bed as everybody else [and] the same food like everybody else. I already\nforgot how to react to something like that. I was treated like a human being. I\nwasn't treated like that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"recently, before I reached that hospital. It was\nwonderful. I was there for about two months more or less. In summer or late\nsummer of 1944, in the morning we was told that the major at that hospital,\nwhose in charge of the whole hospital want to see me. It kind of shocked me. [I\nwondered], what have I done? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All the wonderful things that happened to me the\nlast two months, what I done that it have to come to an end? The next morning, I\nwent to see him. He told me that . . . He closed the door and he addressed me,\n\"Son,\" that he wanted me to hear it from him and not from someone else. [He\nsaid] that he knows why I am over there ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that he don't know if I am aware of\nit, that they are having very heavy casualties from the Eastern Front, from\nRussia, lots of soldiers coming in without limbs, and they need my space. He\nwanted for me to hear it from him that in a couple days I'll be sent back to my\nunit, for me to get ready for it. Two days later, I was sent back. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was\nalready early fall [1944]. The factory where I was working before was very much\nin ruins. The whole factory was [not] in the same shape like it was before from\neveryday bombardments. It came to me that [there] is a Swedish diplomat called\nRaoul Wallenberg [who] wants to save some Jews. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For me and quite a few other\nones from my group, we tried to go to the Swedish Consulate. Sure enough, I was\nable to have a Schutzpass [German: protection pass], which called a temporary\npassport, which says whoever's name appears is waiting for a Swedish transport\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he's under Swedish protectorate, to respect that document. Shortly after\nwhen I received that document, the work was less and less in the factory. We\ndidn't have too much to do. I found myself marching. We left Budapest ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they\nwas taking us, marching towards the Austrian border. For about five days already\non the march is already the snowfall. It was very cold already. We had no proper\nclothing. The sole of my shoes was long gone. I wrapped my feet with rags or\nnewspaper to keep warm but when the snow or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"puddles . . . the water went in it\nwas even worse. Lots of people died during the march. We had nothing to eat. On\nthe fifth day, a courier running after us [said] that we are wanted in Budapest,\nso we turned back again. We turned around to go back to Budapest, which made\nsafe place. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We were taken over there to Tatersall, which is a very famous\nstable, just like the Kentucky Derby right here. There were no horses. We were\nkept in a stable. At that time already, there wasn't any running water, wasn't\nany electricity. Every day, Wallenberg or somebody from the [Swedish] Consulate\non a push wagon, on a horse driven wagon, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"brought some hot soup and that's what\nwe had every afternoon. We was laying in a stable on straw. It was cold. Very\nshortly after, the whole city of Budapest is surrounded by the Russians. That\nmeans nobody could get in or out. Then, we was taken to the ghetto . . . in\nBudapest. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Like I mentioned, there wasn't water, wasn't electricity, [and] wasn't\nany food either. One day, I was scavenging, looking to find something to eat in\nthe ghetto. By a German patrol, I been stopped. A couple dozen of us stopped and\nthey are taking us out of the ghetto, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"taking us to Buda. [Budapest] actually is\ntwo cities. Pest is the more modern and flat. [The city is] divided by the\nDanube River, which is wide over there. On the other side is Buda, which is a\ncontrast to Pest, which is old and steep mountains. We're taken over there and\nwe got assigned with the Germans ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what our job will be. Every day at three o'clock we have to go\nto the frontline, which is at the top of the mountains, facing the Russians. Our\njob over there is taking food to the foxholes to the Germans. After we finish\nfeeding the Germans, was taking down to the base the wounded Germans ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and all the\ndead ones on stretchers. On one occasion like that, my leg . . . I was taking a\nwounded soldier, a dead one . . . a shrapnel exploded near to me and tore up my\nleg. I was bleeding heavy. I remembered that some of the instructions was\n[that], in case you got hurt, you're not allowed to come back. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You're not even\nallowed to ask for a bandage or anything. We had to just stay over there, bleed\nto death or freeze to death. At that time already, the temperature was below\nzero temperature. Without too much thinking--also this was something similar\nlike when I was volunteered with the mechanical background--something made me ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or\nthe will to live . . . I just sat down. When time came for us to go back in the\nmorning--we was over there three in the afternoon to five or six in the\nmorning--I sat down. I was paddling, pushing myself down on the ice, on the snow\non the mountains. Somehow I made it. My first place was instead to lay down to\nrest or to eat, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I knew it was a civilian hospital not too far from the place. I\nwent down over there. They took the pieces of metal out from my leg. They\nbandaged me up. I begged them to keep me over there because if I'm useless, they\nwill kill me. [They said], \"Now, the Germans are civilized people. We cannot\nkeep you because if we keep you or whatever, everyone else will be shot.\" I had\nthe choice. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I made it back to the base. Three o'clock came again to line up, to\ngo up to the front line. I tried to make it but I was unable. They saw me. The\nguard saw me become wobbly. I'm not steady on my feet. \"Are you hurt?\" they\nasked me. [I said,] \"No, no, it's nothing.\" But from the dirty dark pants ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a\nbrand new shining white bandage what I was bandaged that morning gave everything\naway, that I was wounded. They said, \"We'll come back for you and we'll take you\nto a German hospital.\" That was around three o'clock. From three to five [the\nnext morning], I was thinking about, \"What can I do? How can I escape? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What's\nthe next step?\" I remembered that [if you are] taken to the German hospital . .\n. I heard so many times we never, ever heard anyone returning. We never heard\nanyone sending them any message or anything. What that means? Around five\no'clock came. It was three other Jewish individuals like myself. They was hurt.\nWe were all put up in a horse driven wagon ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[with] four Germans taking us to a\ncemetery. What I recall [is] the two fellas who were hurt on the leg, they were\nable to stand on the feet, they kind of held me up under one arm. What I\nremember [is] that I'm looking into rifle [barrels] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pointing at me. That's what\nI remember. The next thing what happened, it was maybe about five or six in the\nmorning, freezing cold, I have a hard time to breathe because the two\nindividuals who helped me to stand up, they was laying over me on my chest. With\ntheir blood and with their bodies, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they kept me from not freezing. I pushed them\naside. I realized that I just was left behind. I just realized it was a firing\nsquad what I looked at and they left me behind as a dead individual. So what's\nmy next step? I wasn't able to walk. I kind of was rolling. My leg was hurting.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was very, very cold. I was kind of numb. I was rolling. I was going towards\nthe hospital where the morning before I was operated and I knew that they would\nnot allow me regardless what [I say because they thought] that the Germans are\ncivilized. They won't believe me. I was able to find an entrance to the place.\nActually, the hospital ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was already gone. The upper pavilions was already\nbombarded. All the hospital was in the basement. I was able to find where they\nkept the coal and I get over there where the coal was. I kind of digged myself\nunder the coal and I hid over there. I don't [know] for how long I was over\nthere when my fever ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from whatever . . . I was very, very cold. I was very\nhungry, burning from a fever, cold . . . I had to put something in my mouth. I\nwas going outside at night when nobody was [around and it was] very quiet and\neverything. [I would] scrape some snow [into my hands], melt it [to drink it].\nIt was okay. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The next day or I don't know for how long . . . I needed to put\nsomething in my mouth. I was a little more courageous or more desperate. I found\na place where nobody was around. It looked to me like it was a morgue before. It\nwas a plate with food--chicken--solid frozen and covered with green mold, but\nsmelled ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like it was food even though it was frozen. I scraped it off completely.\nEven though I was allergic to poultry for many, many years before [and] even\ntoday, I ate some of the chicken. I warmed it first with my hand. I ate some\nchicken. It lasted me for quite some time, that plate. The noise got louder and\nlouder at the hospital. The front got closer and closer. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Russians came\ncloser. One day, the noise was so loud, I peeked out and I see Russian\nsoldiers--they all . . . just like the Germans, they wore a white camouflage\nover the uniform--and commotions. A couple hours later, it quieted down a little\nbit and I found out the Russians took ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over the hospital. I kind of get out of\nthe hiding place, back where the beds were, the cots. I figured the war is over\nagain for me--just like I felt like the war is over for me when I got that\npassport ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the Swedish Consulate. [I thought,] \"The war is over. The Russians\n[are] here. The war is over.\" I don't know for how long . . . not very long,\nmaybe two or three weeks, I find myself surrounded by the Russians. [I was] with\nGermans--wherever they were going--[and] with some Hungarian soldiers, marching.\nMarching again ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with my handmade crutches. I was in that group. Both sides on the\nstreet in Buda, it was people walking--the civilians . . . As I walking in that\ncolumn, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I felt like I'm hypnotized. From the sidewalk, a young girl motioned me\nto go towards her. Without thinking, without asking any permission, I just broke\nthough the line and went towards her. She said, \"Get lost. Do you want to wind\nup in Siberia [Russian]? Because that's where that group is being taken.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Like I\nsaid, I was kind of in a daze, like hypnotized. While I was on the sidewalk, she\ndisappeared, and the group kept going, and I was left behind. I had my two\nhomemade sticks--crutches--and after when that group left . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"push carts . . .\npeople who want to go to the others side from Buda to Pest everyone was going\nthrough the one existing bridge. I asked some people, \"Do you mind if I put my\ncrutches [on the cart] and I help you push from the back?\" They said, \"Yes.\" I\nput down my sticks and I got the other side of Pest. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was asking wherever I\nfind, \"Where's the railway station?\" They gave me directions. I wasn't too\nfamiliar with Pest but I went the direction whatever was told me, but the\ndirections, the streets wasn't like normal. In the middle of the street, the\nstreet was blocked where the homes was . . . from the bombardment, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the street\nwas blocked from the torn houses, so I had to U-turn, and go around, and around,\nand around. It was getting dark already in the evening and I'm still trying to\nfind the railway station. I find a man--it was kind of dark, I was hungry, it\nwas cold--[and I asked him,] \"Can you tell me what's the shortest way for me to\ngo to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the railway station?\" He asked me questions--who I am, where I been, where\nI am going. In a nutshell, I told him who I was, where I'm going, that I want to\ngo home, and I'm hurt. He tells me it's still a long way to the station. [He\nasked me] do I have some place to stay ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the night because it's getting cold, and\ndark, and I'm in bad shape. He told me he will take me [in for the night], he\ndoesn't live very far from there. He was a Good Samaritan. I never saw him\nbefore. I never saw him after. He took me home. He fed me. He gave me some\nadvice. He said, \"Do you know you're going to Romania? Today it is Romania--your\nold home. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In Romania, there was fighting with the Russians for the past I don't\nknow how many months already--six or eight months already.\" [He said] it would\nbe wise for me if I can have a Romanian armband, which is red, yellow, and blue.\n[With the armband,] I probably will get better treatment from the Russians if I\nencountered them. While I was asleep, he fixed me an armband. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He fed me the next\nmorning and gave me directions. He came with me for a while. Finally, later on\nthat day, I reached the railway station. It was Red Cross all over the station,\n[with] tables set up. I told the first or second table who I was and where I'd\nbeen. They want to know who I am, where I been, and where I'm heading. I told\nthem ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm heading to Oradea, used to be Nagyvarad. They told me when the train\nwill arrive and to board that train. At that time, I didn't know that whatever\ninformation I told them at that time--I told them where I going, where I\nwas--they telegraphed or whatever ahead of time to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nagyvarad. On bulletin boards\nat several places, it said that, \"Henry Friedman is on the way home. He reported\nin Budapest.\" A couple days later, I reached the place--so called 'home.' I was\nable to get into a hospital. They treated my leg. Very shortly after, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I read in\na bulletin that Steve Friedman is on the way home. I was very much excited.\nSteve Friedman, that's my brother. He was only two years older than myself. He\nwas the main hope that I will have someone to share the future [with]. I made\narrangements in the hospital for the bed next to me to be freed up ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because my\nbrother's on the way home. I don't know mentally or physically what shape [he\nwill be in and] we have lots of things to discuss. [I asked them to] please make\nthe bed clear for my brother. I had an empty bed next to me and [was] very\nexcited. The evening came. Someone approached me [and said] that, \"I don't want\nto burst your bubble, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the Steve Friedman that's on the way home is not\nyour brother, because I was with him when he died. He must be a different\nSteve Friedman.\" I took it very, very hard. I was crying uncontrollably for I\ndon't know how long. That was my last hope that anyone would be alive. At least\nif not him, who? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The next couple of days, I tried to find out different things\nabout the rest of my family. Not the indifference, but the hate what I\nencountered by the Hungarians . . . Whenever I discussed or I tried to find\nanything, what I heard from almost everybody [was,] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"We don't know why the Jews\nare so down or why the Jews are crying. It seems there's more Jews coming back\nthat what Hitler took away!\" That's the kind of sympathy I received. After a\nvery short time, I find out that nobody from my family is alive. I got different\ndetails about my family, about my mother and sister. No one ever knew about my\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"father or my grandmother. I don't believe they ever made [or] survived that\ntransport. I made up my mind at that time, if I don't want to get completely\ncrazy and to start a new life, I have to run away, even though at that time, I\nhad no family, I had no friends, I had no money. I didn't get ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"any cooperation\nover there from them--the Hungarians. Whatever I hear from them, \"There's more\nJews coming back . . .\" Actually, about 90 percent of the [Hungarian] Jews got\nkilled in six weeks time. From when the Germans arrived in March 1944 [until]\nthe end of the war, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"close to 90 percent died within that limited [time]. They're\ntelling me more Jews are coming back? I made up my mind that I cannot stay over\nthere any longer. I have to run away as far as I can. I made up my mind that I\ncannot stay in Nagyvarad. I cannot stay in Hungary. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If I can, I cannot stay even\nin Europe. I want to go as far as I can. I was able to get as far [as] Italy. I\nrecall something [from] about two years later. In 1947, I was in Milan, Italy. I\nrecall ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that in two Italian movies simultaneously is a big . . . on the marquis,\nadvertisement. An American film, Via col vento--in Italian, [it means] Gone With\nthe Wind--is playing in two movie houses. The marquis [were] all decorated,\nflames toward the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sky--flames that Atlanta is burning. I went to see that movie.\nEverything that was dear to Scarlett O'Hara, the main character in Gone With the\nWind, her life almost came to an end, she lost everybody, everything burned.\nThat kind of reminded me that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my life is kind of parallel. Everything that\nhappened to me, that went up in the chimneys in Auschwitz, it's all burned up. I\ndon't have anyone. Then I remembered that I read my future in that book, Gone\nWith the Wind translated in Hungarian. I read it in 1941 or 1942. It tells all\nabout me. What happened in Gone With the Wind, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I had the same thing. There is so\nmuch parallel between the Scarlett O'Hara's story and my story. In 1947, if\nsomeone would have told me that I will wind up in Atlanta, Georgia . . . I\nthought it was a fictitious place. I didn't know such a place existed. It was a\nnovel. [In] novels, [not] everything was true. In 1950, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I arrived in Atlanta,\nGeorgia. Life was good to me. I started a brand new life from the ashes of Tara.\n[With] no friends, no relatives, and no money, I started a new life here. I have\nto inject that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Atlanta Jewish Federation was my sponsor to bring me to\nAtlanta, Georgia just like it was a mitzvah [Hebrew: good deed]. It was a good\ndeed. It was some of the highest degree of good deed. The number one good deed\nis to give someone a meal, give someone money. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a good deed, but the highest\ndegree of good deed in the Jewish religion [is] that anonymously, without\nbragging about it, to put an individual back on their feet and give back his\ndignity. I think that's what the Jewish Federation did to me. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[The Federation]\nput me on my feet and here I am today. I remember in 1950, I arrived to Atlanta,\nGeorgia. It was May or June. It was a young lady from the Jewish Federation,\nMickie Eisenberg. She was young just like I was young 50 years ago. She was\nwaiting for me. She recognized me. It probably was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the 'green horns.' She\nspotted me right away in the crowd at the railway station. It was prearranged\nalready that they had a place--room and board. A couple days later, I had an\nappointment with Mickie Eisenberg in the Federation office. [She asked] what\nhave I done in Italy. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I stayed in Italy for five years--from 1945 to 1950. I had\na talent that I inherited from my grandfather I never met. He was a fresco\nartist. He traveled all over the world. I never met him. He died before I was\neven born. I inherited some talent in painting. The same talent applied to my\nfather--may he rest in peace. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I saw many of his paintings in different homes.\nAlso my son has that talent. Anyway, when Mickie Eisenberg asked me what I had\ndone in Italy more recently, [I said] I was painting. I failed to mention that I\nwas painting murals and I was painting portraits. The next week or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the same\nweek, I had another appointment and I became a house painter. Paint, paint,\nwhat's the difference? I was a house painter naturally. It's something to earn\nsome money. I was doing it for about a year or maybe a little bit longer. Then I\nwent to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Progressive Club. Somebody contacted me that would I be\ninterested in the food department at the Jewish Progressive Club. Today, [the\nProgressive Club] is not existing. It was one of the largest clubs at that\ntime--1952 or 1953. We had about 1,200 families at that time. It was tremendous,\nbig. Going back, at that time, it was a very big need for a Jewish club ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because\na Jewish individual . . . even in the liberal United States, at the Capital City\nClub, the Piedmont Driving Club, you had to be a Gentile to be a member at a\nprivate social club. The only place you could go was a Jewish club, like the\nProgressive Club. A club at that time had lots of things to offer, but today we\ntake it for granted. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Only a club in 1950, 1952, or 1953 was the only place where\nyou could find air conditioning. Air conditioning today we take for granted. At\nthat time, it was a big thing. [The Progressive Club] offered air\nconditioning--not like today. Today, lots of homes have basements or game rooms.\nThere wasn't any game rooms ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at that time in Jewish homes. You went to a\nProgressive Club to play cards. Also, the third major thing that today we take\nfor granted [is] that at that time maybe I could count on one of my [hands] how\nmany good places you could go to eat. A Jewish club had to offer good food. It\nwasn't as easy as today. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All those three things what I mentioned, today we take\nfor granted, but at that time, it was very important who could afford to be a\nmember of the Jewish club. At that time, Jewish clubs were flourishing. Also, I\nfailed to mention something else: not too many homes at that time had a swimming\npool. You couldn't go to certain places like . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I remember where today is\nBroadview Plaza, it used to be Mooney's Lake where there's a post office [and] a\nHome Depot. There used to be a big lake. It used to be called Mooney's Lake. It\nwas a sign in the front of Mooney's Lake I recall in 1950 or 1951, [that said,]\n\"No dogs or Jews allowed.\" [Atlanta] wasn't that liberal then, even ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in 1950 or\n1951, like it is today. That's what I recall. That was also the Jewish clubs.\nJews tried to stick together more or less. Today, it's not that much, but I'm\ngoing back to the nice times, the \"good ole days,\" which even here, the \"good\nole days\" wasn't so good--not like today. Anyway, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was painting. Then I went to\nthe Progressive Club. In a very short time, I was in charge with all the food,\nthe banquets, [and] purchasing. That's where I got some experience of purchasing\nfor large institutions, planning for parties--how much do you need, how much\nthis, how much that--purchasing equipment, and so on and so on. For several\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years later it was . . . Alterman Brothers. They used to have maybe 50 some\nsupermarkets--Big Apple, Food Star . . . They came after me. Martin Alterman\n[said] that they need somebody like myself. [He said] he's heading a new food\nservices institution. They would like for me to be a buyer for them [at]\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Alterman Food Institutions, for me to be an institutional buyer.\n\nKENT: How did your identity as a Jew change, if it did, because of the war period?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FRIEDMAN: Different individuals go different ways. Some people said that, \"If\nI'm a Jew and if there's a God, he would not allow so many innocent people to\ndie.\" Some people went completely away from Judaism. I feel like I'm closer than\nI was before, even though I come from quite an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"assimilated family. I feel like\nI'm closer today than I was before the war. I don't know what brings me that,\nbut I feel that affiliation. Even though I had no money, I had no family, I\ndidn't have nobody, which is not true ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because somehow always I felt that as a\nlast resort, the few Jews left alive in this world, I can go back to them and I\ncan count on them. I cannot completely cut myself away from it. I do have . . .\nnot roots, but I do have some mishpocha [Yiddish: extended family]. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can feel\nthat I belong some place even though my background is different to someone who\nnever went through like myself, someone who has not ever been in Europe, but\nsomehow there is a common ground where I can fit in and I can impose. I feel\nlike ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can ask . . . maybe I could go to a complete stranger . . . from one\nhuman being to another one. I feel a little bit closer to approach a Jew. Even\nthough I didn't wrote to the Federation, but somehow through my application,\nthey picked it up and they singled me out. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This organization had a same feeling\njust like myself, just like I have some related [connection] from one Jew to\nanother one. Maybe that's how the Jewish Federation reached out to help a Jew in\nEurope, to bring me here, even though I don't believe that I cost them anything\nbecause very shortly after ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[I arrived], I started to work. I paid for all my\nexpenses. The assistance from the Federation would never continue because I\ndidn't need it. I earned enough to sustain myself. They put me on my feet. I\nthink that I answered your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"question about the Yiddishkeit.\n\nKENT: How would anybody know that you are Jewish in America, like when you saw\nthe sign about Jews not going into the lake? How would anybody know?\n\nFRIEDMAN: Most likely, nobody would have known except me. I'm the only one. If I\nwould have wanted to fight back or do something, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would have done something,\nbut I just ignored it. I don't know if it was right of me or wrong of me. I\nignored it because I felt, \"I'm just as good as anybody else.\"\n\nKENT: Where the American Jews in any way different from the Europeans? Did you\nnotice anything?\n\nFRIEDMAN: No, I couldn't. Even ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"though they said the roads are paved with gold in\nAmerica, I find some [were] well to do and some not so well to do here also.\nNaturally, the financial status put people more or maybe they took up on\nthemselves to look down on you because you come from the 'old country,' ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or you\ndon't speak that language, or something. I think they put themselves on it. If I\nencountered that, I ignored it. They the ones who are losing out to [not] find\nout more about me; not me. I found some snobby individuals but it didn't bother\nme that much--not at that time. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I found a very understanding American, my wife.\nShe don't look down on me.\n\nKENT: How would you describe the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"relationships with the black population in\nAtlanta in the 1950's?\n\nFRIEDMAN: The black population in the 1950's . . . Later on, if we have time, I\nhave here some papers I would like to mention that a black representative, a\nblack member of the House of Representatives at the [Georgia] state Capital gave\nme ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"recognition at the state Capital. He asked me to have a few words for the\nHouse of Representatives at the state Capital. If I'm not mistaken, I'm\nfinishing my statement over there in the state Capital that I cannot afford that\nluxury--to discriminate after what happened to me, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to discriminate one against\nsomeone else, or one race against someone else--because that's what I went\nthrough, because I was discriminated [against]. How can I discriminate? How can\nI look down one race against another one? Individuals are a different story.\nThere are good individuals [and] bad ones. There are good black ones [and] bad\nblack ones. There are good Jews [and] bad Jews. You have to take everyone on an\nindividual basis. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No two individuals are alike. I would like to believe and I\nwould like that I will be able all my life to judge someone by their\ncharacter--not by the color of their skin.\n\nKENT: What did you know at the time about the history of black people in the South?\n\nFRIEDMAN: I read in very, very early age ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Uncle Tom's Cabin just like I read Gone\nWith the Wind, [which] frankly doesn't say too much for me. The only place where\nI saw a black individual was in a circus in the old country. Even at that time,\nas children, we were running after [them], trying to rub their skin [to see] if\nthe dye comes off. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Frankly, I didn't know that much, that some people is born\nred skinned, black skinned, or what. I thought it was all artificially put on.\nIt was never a big significance to me if someone is blonde, someone's black or\nblue eyed, or what. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Same thing applied also for the color of their skin.\n\nKENT: Did the Jewish community have any experience in civil rights in those days\nbecause of the similarity of what they had experienced?\n\nFRIEDMAN: In the old country?\n\nKENT: No, in America in the 1950's.\n\nFRIEDMAN: I'm not that big [of an] expert. I do remember that whatever I read, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I\nwasn't too much involved in civil rights myself. I do remember about the bombing\nof the Temple. I heard about Rabbi [Jacob] Rothschild. I heard about certain\nthings. I heard about the discrimination. I heard about people not allowed to\neat at the counter in the public places. Very vividly I remember drinking\nfountains for 'Colored Only' ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[and] for 'White Only.' I didn't know why. I didn't\nremember why. I never agreed. Actually, I did not comprehend. It didn't come to\nme exactly why is that. I never was able to justify it in the beginning. Later\non, naturally I learned ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the hatred of one race against the other one. I\nlearned about the difference, but I never knew why and I never agreed with it.\nWhy? Why something like that? As long as you got room in your restaurant, why\ncertain people not allowed? Some people got to go to the back door to take out\ntake-out only. You cannot eat inside.\n\nKENT: In the early days after the war, both in America and in Europe, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how much\nwas the Holocaust--the term maybe wasn't used yet--experience discussed among people?\n\nFRIEDMAN: Right after arriving [in the] United States, I tried to forget as much\nas I can. When I got married and I got on my feet more or less, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I didn't want to\nthink too much back about the Holocaust. I don't know why it happened. Why . . .\nI didn't want . . . Somehow I took a very, very naïve stand. I compare ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lots and\nlots of things with a light switch. If I turn a light off, it doesn't bother me.\nI don't think about it. The same thing applies to lots of things. What happened\nto me . . . I didn't want to think about it. I knew that I don't want to have a\nMercedes [Benz]. I didn't want to have German products. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I didn't want it. I just\nwanted to turn the switch off, not to think about it. As a matter of fact,\nacross the street where I used to live for many, many years, it was a German\nfellow who lived right across the street from me. Was a kind of coincidence. He\nwas in same business just like myself. He was maybe a couple years ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"older than\nme. If he was a couple years older than me and he came from Germany after the\nwar, more or less he was involved whatever happened, whatever was in Germany. I\ndidn't want to turn that light switch on. I didn't want to know about [it]. I\ndidn't want him to give me any kind of record. I didn't want to give him the\ncircumstance ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if he wanted to lie, to tell me that lie. Even if he wanted to tell\nme something good, I would not have believed it. I was that much against it and\nI put that much defensive effort into my daily life. I didn't want to know about\nit. As long as I don't know about it, I feel better. One day, [I] was talking\nwith this fellow across the street [saying], \"How are you doing?\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I never\ninvited him [to my house]. He never invited [me] to his house. But we had lots\nand lots of things in common. He knew lots of same people like I did. We done\nbusiness with the same people. He was doing the same thing more or less also in\na private club, just like myself. One day . . . Most of the time, whenever he\nwent on vacation ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[he would say,] \"Henry, if you don't mind, keep an eye on the\nhouse. We're going on vacation. We won't be here,\" for one or two weeks,\nwhatever it is. [I'd say,] \"Fine.\" Vice versa. One day, I was looking to go on\nvacation. I didn't see him on the street walking. I'd never been in his house.\nHe'd never been in mine. I wanted to let him know that we're going ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on vacation.\nI walked in the house. His wife said that he doesn't feel well, he's in the bed,\nand for me to go in. He was in his bed in an old fashioned headboard . . . You\nkeep books like a little library, something you want to read, something you can\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reach while you're laying down. On the headboard, it was Mein Kampf. It was just\nlike a knife turned into . . . It was worse than when I went to the Mooney's\nLake to swim in that lake. It was something what I didn't want to know about\nhere and I wanted to have that much less to do with him after ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than what I had\nbefore. Many instances, I just didn't want to know it because knowing hurts even\nmore. Knowing that Mein Kampf was his bible that it had to be over there in his\nheadboard if he wanted to read it. I don't know how many times he read it. I\ndidn't want to know all that. That's how I felt about it. I don't know if that\nanswers your question in a way, but ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a lazy way out, a most passive way out, I\nturned the light switch off. I didn't want to know about it. It didn't bother me\nthat much.\n\nKENT: For a more pleasant topic, talk about how you met your wife and your early\ndays with her.\n\nFRIEDMAN: I met my wife in that boarding house where I stayed. She came to\nAtlanta ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and she was . . . Her interest at that time was dancing and she came to\nmodeling school. Somehow in a painful situation, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we both had a toothache. She\nwanted to know do I want to go to a dentist. Our first date was to a dental\noffice. It was quite painful, but that was our first date. It was a painful\ndate. That's how I met [her]. \u003cHenry jokes\u003e Such a wonderful person as I am, as\nyou can tell, she just couldn't resist, so we got married.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KENT: Talk some more about the early days and what it was like with her and\nstarting a family later.\n\nFRIEDMAN: We got married in 1956. Two years later, we had a son, Stephen, named\nafter my brother whose loss I took so very badly. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the beginning or even later\non, [neither] her nor my son asked me about my past because they knew that I had\nno relatives more or less, that everyone . . . that I'm the only one. I don't\nknow why. I never even today ask why, but I felt like maybe they just don't want\nto open ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a wound. It will be painful for me to talk about. It's not a pleasant\nsubject. No one could help about it today so they didn't ask too many questions\nand we wasn't talking about it. I don't know [if it is] because of my\nexperiences--I would like to believe it--and past history that she became ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more\ninterested in civil rights and individual rights and more outspoken than I was\never before. That's how it was with her. She was looking to change the whole\nworld, to change everything for the better. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She's always been a very independent\nindividual, which I respected and I do today. She has more guts than many\nindividuals. She does lots of things, which are not the most popular things to\ndo for different causes in different ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=4830.0,4860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"circumstances when someone's rights are\ntaken away for one reason or another, like civil rights, or gay rights, or\nwhatever--any kind of right. When someone's human rights are taken away, she's\nup front right away there. I don't know if she is influenced because whatever\nhappened to me, whatever I went through and all the things what happened to me,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but she's very much fighting for other people's rights--even though she's\nhurting herself in many instances because the causes aren't so popular the way\nmany people look at it. She doesn't care too much whose toes she's stepping on\nto [make] justice prevail, even if someone doesn't like her view. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We are\ndifferent. I am much more diplomatic about it. She's much more outgoing. I don't\nknow who is right and who is wrong. Maybe because of whatever I went through I'm\nable to undertake more pain and injustice, hoping that in the long wash\neverything will turn out ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the best. I don't know, but I have much, much more\npatience than she does when she's heard it. That's how we differ from it.\n\nKENT: What prompted you to start talking and to be more outspoken about your past?\n\nFRIEDMAN: Okay, that has a very, very definite reason for it. The subject . . .\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It never was an easy subject for me. It was always, always painful. I also had\nthe privilege to speak at the [William Breman Jewish] Heritage Museum in\nAtlanta. I always bring up that subject, that what made me to volunteer my time\nand to talk about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=4980.0,5010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"such a painful subject. About eight years ago maybe . . . I\nread an article about how there was an urban renewal in Poland, when slums or\nsomething . . . They tried to renovate. It was an urban renewal in the Warsaw\nGhetto, which was a very, very famous ghetto. Lots and lots ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Jews died there.\nDuring the urban renewal, they unearthed two big metal cans, like a five-gallon\nmilk can. [The milk cans were] unearthed. I read that article in some paper or\nwhatever it was. The can was like a time capsule full of little notes ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=5040.0,5070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where the\npeople who lived in that ghetto put it in in those cans. Their biggest fear at\nthat time was not that they're dying. The biggest fear at that time was, in 1942\nor 1943 or whenever the Warsaw ghetto was [in existence and they hid the cans],\ntheir biggest fear was that no one will ever know that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish people lived or\ndied because they knowed the Germans will be victorious. With the Blitzkrieg\n[German], the lighting war, the Germans occupied one country after the other one\nin Europe. It was that time probably when that they put underground those milk\ncans. They [thought] for sure that the Germans would come out victorious of this\nwar and no one will know anything about them. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=5100.0,5130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Reading that article made\nsomething . . . that I cannot just stand by . . . In 1944 with that blessing, I\nwas put here and I was blessed. I know that it was a shield of protection\nbecause I faced the firing squad, I got a free passage ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from Wallenberg, I went\nso many things that I volunteered [for] against my better side . . . to\nvolunteer in an army. Something kind of pushed me and I said that that blessing,\nthe shield was put on me for a purpose. I cannot stay quiet. I have to share my\nstory and bring back or somehow tie in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=5160.0,5190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the six million innocent victims who are\nnot here today, who cannot speak about it because they was liquidated. They died\nwith the knowledge that no one will ever know it and everything will be swept\nunder the carpet, just like we explain it even today, like David Irving. [He]\nwas a historian. He wrote several books ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=5190.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and wrote in some of his volumes of the\nbooks that Auschwitz and the crematorium was built after the war as a tourist\nattraction. I know it better. I'm first handed. I went through all that. I know\nall the suffering. I know all the losses. If I would be quiet--today even is\npainful--I do a disservice. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=5220.0,5250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have to tell whatever I know, that so many\ninnocent people saw. It cannot be forgotten. They have to keep them alive.\nWherever I have a chance, I have a duty and a mission. Even though I know that I\nspeak with a very thick accent, even though I might not be as clear, even though\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=5250.0,5280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is not a present subject, I have to speak about it. It is my duty. I am\nlooking for opportunities as long as I can. Even though . . . there's a shield\nof protection came over me . . . It's with me even today. Last year, exactly a\nyear ago, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=5280.0,5310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was in a very, very bad automobile accident. My short-term memory is\nnot what it used to be. I don't remember nothing about the accident, but I think\nthat God, the good Lord, figured that the short-term memory is not what's\nimportant, but he kept in the long term for me to be able to talk about what\nhappened. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=5310.0,5340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have a purpose. That's the reason I'm here today. That's my purpose\n. . . Maybe I just make myself--not important, but to tell about it. That's how\nI feel. That's what made me even . . . for many, many years . . . I didn't want\nto talk about it. I turned the light switch off. I didn't want ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=5340.0,5370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to think about\nit, but that's what turned me around.\n\nKENT: What would be your response to people like David Irving or other people\nwho try to minimize what happened or rationalize it? How would you respond now?\n\nFRIEDMAN: I do believe--it may be childish--what comes ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=5370.0,5400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"around goes around.\nSooner or later, everybody who tries to put something on somebody else, someday\nthey will be caught. I mean, you cannot get away with lies. You'll be caught.\nJust like Deborah Lipstadt . . . proved it over there in England. She proved it.\nSooner or later ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=5400.0,5430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people who mean anything . . . They are fanatics. You can tell\nthem 'night' means night. They won't believe you. They've made up their mind.\nBut the justice always will come through shining.\n\nKENT: If you were to meet a German today who has Mein Kampf on his bookshelf,\nhow would you respond now?\n\nFRIEDMAN: I would respond to him. I'd try to be as civil as possible ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=5430.0,5460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because I\ndo know there are so many hundreds of thousands Righteous Gentiles, that\nparticular one I will remit. I don't know if somehow he tried to camouflage it\nor try to hide it. Some would jump on him and kill him right away. I just turn\noff my light switch, try not to think about it [as if] he doesn't exist. Even if\nhe was a good one, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=5460.0,5490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't want to know about it. I know that Mercedes Benz is\none of the best car. I wouldn't have one. I don't know if that makes any sense.\nI don't want to give any kind of help . . . for me to . . . I would be the one\nwho is help[ing and] assisting the German economy. I think they [should] still\nhave to pay. They paid a lot. I think they still have to pay much, much more. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=5490.0,5520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It\nwas the Weidergutmachgung [German: to make good again] the German government\ntried to . . . make it good again. I don't believe that I can say that the\nGerman today--even though they tried to do so much good towards Israel and\ntowards lots of things [like] democracy . . . I don't know. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=5520.0,5550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not in my lifetime\nbecause my lifetime is over . . . They will never be even with their good, like\nit was, like it never happened. Even if they gave me a trillion dollars, we'd\nnever be even. They still killed my people. We will never be even. I don't want\nto sound like I'm a very, very bitter individual. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=5550.0,5580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My control over it is that\nlight switch. I turn it off [because] I don't want to think about it. I'm quite\ncivil until the subject comes up that if what happened . . . If I ever come in\ncontact with someone that says, \"I'm a Nazi,\" I don't know what will happen. I\nlike to promise myself that I will be as civil as possible.\n\nKENT: How much have you retained ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=5580.0,5610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a connection to your Hungarian or Romanian\nheritage over the last 50 years?\n\nFRIEDMAN: Whatever I know, whatever I learned, I cannot erase it. I've been in\nIsrael, not very far from Hungary. Just like the same thing about the Mercedes\nBenz, I will not put one penny to the Hungarian government to help, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=5610.0,5640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even though\nI have good memories. I know that there are beautiful places, like Budapest used\nto be called the 'Paris of the East.' It's a gorgeous place. I don't want . . .\nIt's too many bitter memories there. I want to erase it as much as possible. I\ndon't want to have any contact with the Hungarians. [It is the same feeling I\nhave toward] the Germans. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=5640.0,5670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've turned the light switch off. It's childish and\nit's an easy way for me to think about it, but that's how I feel about it. I\ndon't want to think about it.\n\nKENT: What are some things that you've accomplished in your life after the war\nthat you are proud of?\n\nFRIEDMAN: I'm proud about my marriage. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=5670.0,5700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm proud about my son, who is a\nsuccessful attorney today. He's a wonderful son. This is his home. He bought it\nfor us. He's a wonderful son. No one could ask any more from anyone else. I'm\nvery proud of him. I'm proud also ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=5700.0,5730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that, after the Progressive Club, I was asked\n[by] Martin Alterman, who started off a new institutional division of retail\nfood markets . . . He asked me to be his buyer. [Henry picks up envelope and\nremoves papers. Holds a business card up to camera. Business card shows Henry\nFriedman as the Purchasing Director of CFS Continental in Doraville, Georgia.]\nThen I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=5730.0,5760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"went from there to . . . I became Director of Purchasing for CFS\nContinental. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=5760.0,5790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was a very, very big outfit. We covered the whole United States.\nIt had maybe 60 units, big institution divisions, and manufacturing end of it.\nWe manufactured lots of things all over the world. I was the director of\npurchasing for that outfit. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=5790.0,5820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That outfit was bought up [by] Sysco Food Service.\nToday it is bigger than even CFS Continental was. I was with Sysco Food Service,\nfrom where I retired in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=5820.0,5850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"December 31, 1992. What I'm happy about, not happy but\ngives me pleasure, the way I conducted myself. I have many, many letters from\nmanufacturers, from sales rep[resentatives], letters like a\n[unintelligible:1:37] rep[resentative] who ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=5850.0,5880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wrote me, send me a letter, without\nme he would not be able to accomplish what I was able, that I was such a good\ninfluence on him, and when he first started that I told him so many things. I go\nso many letters like that from different manufactures that [said] how decent I\nwas. I had a job and we had very heavy competition. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=5880.0,5910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I had to buy as low as\npossible and still be able to make a good markup on our merchandise, but I still\nwas able not to pull the skin off of the individual from where I was buying. I\nreceived several parties after my retirement from several brokers. Several\nmanufacturers would say, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=5910.0,5940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Henry, you were a tough bird, but you are always,\nalways fair.\" I think that was one of my compliments what I got through years\nand years. My fingers, I was buying [large] quantities. I spent millions and\nmillions of dollars. To be able to sleep today and to [know] that I did a good\njob . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=5940.0,5970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I believed that it was not mine . . . respect to be added to it. To be\nable to walk away from such a position and years and years after that, I'm\ncalled to different occasions. Since 1992, different people are still\nremembering me and what kind of individual I was. I think that's what brought me\npleasure, to think whatever I accomplished. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=5970.0,6000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's a big accomplishment.\n\nKENT: Even though you wanted to turn the light switch off often throughout your\nlife, how do you think the war experience affected you anyway? How has it stayed\nin your mind or affected you values and how you deal with people?\n\nFRIEDMAN: Like I mentioned earlier about my wife, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=6000.0,6030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"she's more outspoken. I'm more\ndiplomatic. I may not jump out of my skin right away the first time I hear\nsomething. I just sleep over it, I think on it, or just write it off as\nignorance. Somehow I developed . . . a thick skin. I'm ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=6030.0,6060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"able to held and not to\naffect me, certain things what I know I cannot reverse. It will not make it any\nbetter. I cannot bring everybody back. With the light switch and with all that,\nsomehow I'm able to manage, to hold it [as] two separate things. I cannot say\nthat I forgot even for a day--it's with me--my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=6060.0,6090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"loss is with me all the time. But\nto be able to separate it, to keep a home life and not to ruin it, and to be\nable to be a father to a son, and not to ruin him with my burdens . . . I'm able\nto separate it.\n\nKENT: Have your wife and son make comments to you over the years of how the\nHolocaust has ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=6090.0,6120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"affected you or how it's somehow been a part of the family?\n\nFRIEDMAN: Even when we have disagreements, it's nothing to do with the\nHolocaust. [My son] probably writes me off [and thinks,] \"He went through so\nmany things,\" not to take me seriously. That's what I would like to believe. I\ndo not know that it affected me too much. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=6120.0,6150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I cannot tell, but I'm sure that such\na thing [like] what I went through, I'm sure that affected me. No doubt about it.\n\nKENT: Are you conscious of trying to raise your son a certain way or with any\nparticular values or attitudes because of the past?\n\nFRIEDMAN: No. My past never came to the forefront. Never. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=6150.0,6180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay. He knew who I\nam. He knew how I was more or less. He knew from an early age that if he wants\nto be someone, he'll earn it because I'm not a millionaire. I'm not a rich\nperson. I always worked. I always had to work in my life. I'm not complaining\nabout it because whatever I did, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=6180.0,6210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think I done a good job and I earned.\nWhatever I earned, I earned it. From early years, he learned that he had to make\nit on his own. I don't believe . . . I cannot tell too much that it affected him\ntoo much. Whatever I tried not [to] hide, but whatever I tried to cover up and\nnot to talk about it for years and years and years. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=6210.0,6240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know if it affected\nhim or anything was visible on me, of my actions.\n\nKENT: Have you had dreams over the years about the past? Does it come out in\nthat form?\n\nFRIEDMAN: I don't think so. Maybe in the beginning, but I don't believe they\ncame back. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=6240.0,6270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As a matter of fact, something that bothers me very much is that I\ndon't have any picture of my brother and my memory is fading. I don't remember\nwhat he looked like, but I've got pictures of my parents. I've got pictures of\nmy sister. I don't recall that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=6270.0,6300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I had too much nightmares. I don't know. Maybe,\nlike I've mentioned several times, I've been walking under a shield of\nprotection. Maybe that was one of them also--the [lack of] nightmares. I don't\nbelieve that I remember anything even though some certain people mention them, I don't.\n\nKENT: You mentioned that you had inherited some artistic talent from your grandfather.\n\nFRIEDMAN: Right, my grandfather.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=6300.0,6330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KENT: Do you know what qualities you may have inherited from your parents? In\nwhat way are you like them?\n\nFRIEDMAN: The various qualities that I know that I inherited--even though I\ndon't want to condone it--that we were very assimilated. I don't want to condone\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=6330.0,6360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my parents. [That was] because of my father, who was an officer in the\nAustro-Hungarian Army and was very stolz [German: proud] . . . very proud that\n[he could say,] \"I'm Hungarian.\" I don't go along with that. I don't know if I\ninherited that. In many instances, just like you go ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=6360.0,6390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to certain games [in the\nUnited States] like baseball, the national anthem is played. Everybody has to\nstand up and salute the [flag]. It was the same thing over there in the old\ncountry. My father was arrested many times because he didn't want to stand up.\nHe didn't want to learn Romanian. Whenever he had to speak with someone who\ndidn't speak Hungarian, he spoke always through an interpreter ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=6390.0,6420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because he was a\nvery, very proud Hungarian. Whenever he died, whenever that time came, he hurt\ntwice as much as I did because I knew who the Hungarians and who the Romanians\nactually were. He wanted to believe in whatever used to be. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=6420.0,6450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For that reason, he\nwas hurt--I am sure--twice as much whenever it happened [and he realized]\nHungarians was just as bad as Germans. Certain things I'm very proud that I\ninherited from my folks but I cannot go along with that. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=6450.0,6480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For years and years,\nwhat kind a Hungarian is . . . I have no use for them anymore.\n\nKENT: You said that you come and talk about the past because you owe it to the\npeople who cannot talk . . .\n\nFRIEDMAN: [Yes], I owe it to the souls who died and cannot talk for themselves.\n\nKENT: In addition to having people know the actual history ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=6480.0,6510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and events that\nhappened, what would you want people to learn or to change because of the past?\nWhat should be gained from that experience, if anything?\n\nFRIEDMAN: It's a lot to be gained. Civil rights--I don't know if [that message]\npenetrated for anyone who may see this tape. I don't know if they remember\nbecause I did not emphasize it enough. I want to repeat myself, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=6510.0,6540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whenever in the\nsummer of 1944 . . . I was the only one in that army hospital . . . to getting\nback . . . to be treated as a human being . . . It means so much. We all take it\nfor granted today. The only way you will know the value [or] the importance is\nif it is taken away from you for a while. That's the only way ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=6540.0,6570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you know what\nyou've lost and what you're missing before you can appreciate it today to be\ntreated like a human being. That's all what I would like, for people to be\njudged and give your respect to everyone. Even if you don't know someone, you\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=6570.0,6600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"treat them as a human being--not less or more. If you find out he is a murderer,\nhe's a killer, or a good for nothing, judge him as an individual, but not\nknowing him, give him all the respect that a human being deserves.\n\nKENT: What other things do you want younger people who might come to the museum\nor watch this to learn, specifically as an individual dealing with adversity? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=6600.0,6630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In\ntheir world today, what would a younger person gain?\n\nFRIEDMAN: I see lots of individuals come to the museum. I speak also to some\nother churches or public schools. I spoke at Shiloh High School. It was about\n200 individuals. Sometimes I don't have the patience. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=6630.0,6660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I wish that I would have\nthe patience because not everyone who listens to me is mature enough to absorb\nwhat I try to say. I take it quite hard sometimes. That's the reason I don't\nwant to speak to very young ones. When I'm speaking, I'm in pain because every\ntime I'm speaking, I'm living through ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=6660.0,6690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more or less everything I went through.\nWhen I look into the audience and I see that they are just talking and laughing,\nI'm not able to . . . I take it pretty hard. Here's something maybe I could\nlearn, that not every individual is mature enough ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=6690.0,6720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to understand and some school\nchildren are going through and see certain things. I don't believe that . . .\n[It's] not only the age but if they are mature enough as an individual to\nunderstand what happened, that millions of people were killed just because they\nhad a certain religion--not because they done anything ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=6720.0,6750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but because they had a\ncertain religion. That's the reason they had to be killed. It's kind of\ndifficult for a young child to understand.\n\nKENT: You were talking about assimilation earlier. How can Jewish people be less\nassimilated without engendering the resentment of others?\n\nFRIEDMAN: Assimilation is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=6750.0,6780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something that's quite a difficult subject. I don't\nknow how to find a happy medium. The extreme is very bad. To be too religious,\ntoo Orthodox extreme, I don't believe is right. To be the other end [and] that\nextreme is not good. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=6780.0,6810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know how you can bring it to the center, to be\nclose. I don't know. [Because of] my assimilation, I lost out on a lot. I didn't\nknow a lot. I've learned lots of things since that time. Since the Holocaust, I\nlearned a lot because my world was a very small world in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=6810.0,6840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Romania and Hungary.\nThat's all I knew. I had a hard time even to be recognized by Jews. There is a\ncommon language among Jews. Yiddish is the common language, but I never heard\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=6840.0,6870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yiddish in my home. I learned Yiddish in Italy. There's where I learned Yiddish\n[and] where I was exposed to other Jews like myself from all different regions.\nIf I wanted to understand them, I had two different choices--to learn Polish or\nto learn Yiddish. Since I knew German, Yiddish was much, much easier to learn\nthan Polish. Yiddish was a common language ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=6870.0,6900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I think I missed out a lot to be\nassimilated. I missed out a lot. My world was much more narrow than it would\nhave been otherwise maybe. I don't know. But too much extreme is not good. I\ndon't know if it's the right expression that 'too much religion,' ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=6900.0,6930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but certain\nthings can be too much extreme. I'm a human being. Respect me for what I am even\nthough I don't go to the synagogue twice a day and even though I don't observe\nthe Holy Day of Sabbath the way I am supposed to. I'm a human being. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=6930.0,6960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's what\nI am, so accept me for what I am. I'm a decent person.\n\nKENT: I wonder if your wife would like to say anything or ask you anything after\nlistening to you for a couple hours?\n\nFRIEDMAN: Sherry [Friedman]? She's a good person. I've got pictures I don't know\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=6960.0,6990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if we could put on. [Interview is interrupted, pauses, then resumes with Henry holding an etched glass plaque]\n\nKENT: Put it against a dark background, it might make it easier to read.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=6990.0,7020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FRIEDMAN: This plaque was presented to me at one of my retirement\nparties from Sysco Food Services in Atlanta, Georgia. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=7020.0,7050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It says, \"Presented in\nappreciation to Henry Friedman for dedicated service to Sysco Food Services of\nAtlanta, [Incorporated] and the food service industry. Best wishes for a long\nand healthy retirement. December 31, 1992.\"\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=7050.0,7080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KENT: Do you want to maybe read that one from Congress?\n\nFRIEDMAN: It was from Representative [James Edward] Billy McKinney when he found\nout who I was and what I went through. He wanted to be sure for me to appear at\na state Capital and to receive this honor. It's a hundred and thirty some\nrepresentatives. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=7080.0,7110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Whenever I spoke, they were so quiet you could hear a pen drop\non the floor. [My speech said,] \"Mr. Speaker, members of this House, and\nRepresentative McKinney, thank you for the resolution honoring me. I have a\nmission and an obligation to the six million who perished in the Holocaust to\nkeep their memory alive. They were killed ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=7110.0,7140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they committed a sin, a crime.\nThey were born into a Jewish faith. Thank you, Representative Billy McKinney,\nfor giving me this opportunity to talk about my experience in public. It is with\nme 24 hours a day. I am a messenger with a mission and I feel blessed. I am\nblessed with our community. I am blessed that I have been accepted and to be\npart of this United ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=7140.0,7170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/transcript/41009/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"States of America. I am blessed with a wonderful wife and a\nwonderful son. Thank you. God bless you all.\"\n\nKENT: Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=7170.0,7200.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe area of Hungary Henry grew up in is an area of northwest Romania known as Transylvania, near the border with Hungary. It was part of Hungary until World War I. Afterward it became part of Romania. In 1940, the area was returned to Hungary after arbitration in Vienna by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy as a reward for Hungary’s alliance with Germany. It remained a part of Hungary until 1944, when Germany occupied the country. After the end of World War II, the area was returned to Romania.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNagyvarad is a city in northwest Romania. In Hungarian, the city is known as Nagyvarad, or colloquially as Varad. It is also referred to as Oradea Mare (or Oradia for short), its name in present-day Romania.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHungarian units suffered tremendous losses during the German defeat at Stalingrad on the eastern front in 1942–1943. After the defeat, Hungarian Admiral Miklos Horthy and Prime Minister Miklos Kallay recognized that Germany would likely lose the war. With Horthy's tacit approval, Kallay tried to negotiate a separate armistice for Hungary with the western Allies. To prevent these efforts, German forces occupied Hungary on March 19, 1944.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 1920, Hungary had enacted a numerus clausus that placed a ceiling of six percent on the amount of Jewish students allowed in institutes of higher education. Numerous clausus [Latin: closed term] is a term that refers to anti-Jewish policies that limited Jews from certain professions, public offices and institutes of higher education by applying fixed quotas. In general, numerus clausus policies were religious or racial quotas used to discriminate against Jews in Eastern Europe. Such policies were not unique to the Holocaust, but gained favor in the inter-war period leading up to the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe term pogrom [Russian: to wreak havoc] refers to violent attacks against Jews in the Russian Empire carried out by non-Jews during the 1800’s. The term has been applied to all violent episodes against Jews throughout the world and world history.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn the period between World War I and World War II, Hungarian Jews were violently persecuted. Anti-Jewish legislation began in 1920, when Hungary had passed one of the first antisemitic laws in Europe. Persecution continued in the 1930's with a series of “Jewish Laws” that restricted the number of Jews in universities, liberal professions, administration, and commerce. Hungarian racial laws passed between 1938 and 1941 were modeled on Germany’s Nuremberg Laws. Among other provisions, the laws defined “Jews” in so-called racial terms, forbade intermarriage between Jews and non-Jews, and excluded Jews from full participation in various professions. The laws also barred employment of Jews in the civil service and restricted their opportunities in economic life. By 1939, many Hungarian Jews had converted to Christianity to combat the loss of work and poverty.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA synagogue is a Jewish house of worship where the congregation meets for religious services and instruction.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is the world’s oldest and largest broadcasting organization with radio, TV, and online services. It is headquartered in London, United Kingdom.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Allied Forces of World War II was an international military coalition formed to oppose the Axis powers, that included Nazi Germany, Imperial Japan, and Fascist Italy. While membership in the Allied forced varied during the war, the principal members were the United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union, and China.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe systematic, government-sponsored attempt by the German Nazi government to annihilate the Jews of Europe between 1939 and 1945, which resulted in the deaths of 6,000,000 Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn April 1944, Hungarian authorities ordered Hungarian Jews living outside Budapest (roughly 500,000) to concentrate in certain cities, usually regional government seats. Hungarian gendarmes were sent into the rural regions to round up the Jews and dispatch them to the cities, where makeshift ghettos were established. None of these ghettos existed for more than a few weeks and many were liquidated within days. In mid-May 1944, the Hungarian authorities, in coordination with the German Security Police, began to systematically deport the Hungarian Jews. In just eight weeks, more than 420,000 Jews were deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau. Most were murdered on arrival. When the fiercely antisemitic Arrow Cross party came to power in October 1944, thousands of Jews from Budapest were murdered and tens of thousands more were sent on death marches.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe term “concentration camp” refers to a camp in which people are detained or confined, usually under harsh conditions and without regard to legal norms of arrest and imprisonment that are acceptable in a constitutional democracy. In Nazi Germany between 1933 and 1945, concentration camps (Konzentrationslager; briefly “KL” or “KZ”) were an integral feature of the regime. The Nazis differentiated between concentration camps, which were used to contain slave laborers and prisoners of the Nazi state, and extermination camps, whose primary purpose was the systematic killing of prisoners. Shortly after coming to power in 1933, the Nazis began to set up a series of concentration camps across Germany. Those were mostly local initiatives: facilities that the SA, SS, and police established on an ad hoc basis, where they would detain and abuse real and imagined enemies of the regime. By 1934, there were over 100 of these early camps in operation. When the Nazi regime came to power, they systematically persecuted both Jewish and non-Jewish Germans perceived to be opponents of the regime. Political opponents (Communists, Social Democrats, liberals) were some of the first victims housed in “temporary” detention centers like Lichtenburg. Jews, homosexuals, Freemasons, Jehovah's Witnesses, clergy who opposed the Nazis, and any others whose behavior—real or perceived—could be interpreted as being in opposition to Nazi political and racial ideologies were also persecuted and incarcerated. The Nazi regime refused to tolerate criticism, dissent, or nonconformity from the German people. Non-Jewish German political activists were treated harshly but other political opponents remained potentially valuable members of the German race. The goal behind their internment in and subsequent release from concentration camps was often a kind of reeducation that would see them fall into line with the regime’s political and racial ideologies. Between 1933 and 1939, tens of thousands of Germans were sentenced by the criminal courts. If authorities were confident of a conviction in court, the prisoner was turned over to the justice system for trial. If the outcome of criminal proceedings were unsatisfactory, the acquitted citizen or the citizen who was sentenced to a suspended sentence would still be taken into “protective detention” and incarcerated in a concentration camp. The first concentration camps were established in 1933. Various authorities set up the makeshift “camps” in empty warehouses, factories, and other locations. Camps were established in Oranienburg, north of Berlin; Esterwegen, near Hamburg; Dachau, northwest of Munich; and Lichtenburg, in Saxony. By the end of July 1933, almost 27,000 people were housed in these camps. Most of the prisoners were political opponents of the Nazi regime. By the end of 1934, most of these early camps were disbanded and replaced by a centrally organized concentration camp system under the exclusive jurisdiction of the SS.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 1939, the Hungarian government, having forbidden Jews to serve in the armed forces, established a forced-labor service for young men of arms-bearing age. By 1940, the obligation to perform forced labor was extended to all able-bodied male Jews. After Hungary entered the war, the forced laborers, organized in labor battalions under the command of Hungarian military officers, were deployed on war-related construction work, often under brutal conditions. Subjected to extreme cold, without adequate shelter, food, or medical care, at least 27,000 Hungarian Jewish forced laborers died before the German occupation of Hungary in March 1944.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn September 1941, Joseph Goebbels, the Nazi Propaganda Minister, issued a law requiring Jews over the age of six to wear a yellow Jewish star, or Magen David, on their outer garments. The star had the word “Jude” [German: Jew] written on it. The following year, Jews in lands under German control were also forced to wear the Star. The design of the badge varied from region to region. The German government’s policy of forcing Jews to wear identifying badges was but one of many psychological tactics aimed at isolating and dehumanizing the Jews of Europe, directly marking them as being different (i.e., inferior) to everyone else. It allowed for the easier facilitation of their separation from society and subsequent ghettoization, which ultimately led to their deportation and murder. Those who failed or refused to wear the badge risked severe punishment, including death. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAuthorities commenced issuing anti-Jewish decrees immediately after the German occupation in March 1944. The Germans isolated the Jewish population from the outside world by restricting their movement and confiscating their telephones and radios. Jewish communities were forced to wear the yellow star on their clothing. Jewish property and businesses were seized, and from mid- to late April the Jews of Hungary were forced into short-lived ghettos.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Nazis subjected millions of people (both Jews and other victim groups) to forced, or slave labor, both inside and outside concentration camps, often under brutal conditions. Forced labor was often pointless and humiliating, and imposed without proper equipment, clothing, nourishment, or rest. Within the German Reich, prisoners of the early concentration camps were recruited for forced labor as early as 1933. From the end of 1938 on, Jews in Germany and Austria were deployed as forced laborers at a variety of municipal projects, in agriculture, mining, and industry, as well as to enlarge military infrastructure. Forced labor was part of the systematic persecution of Jews but also served as a method for economic gain and to meet the increasingly desperate labor shortages necessary for the war effort.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn many traditional Orthodox Jewish communities, women wear head coverings such as hats, scarves and wigs after marriage.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKosher/Kashrut refers to Jewish laws that dictate how food is prepared or served and which kinds of foods or animals can be eaten.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn the spring of 1944, Henry was sent to Nagybanya, Hungary, a mining town that is today known as Baia Mare and is in northwest Romania. In 1942–1944, a recruitment center for hard labor detachments was set up in the town. From there, he was sent to Budapest. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBudapest is the capital and the largest city of Hungary. Originally it was ‘Buda’ and ‘Pest,’ which were two separate cities that were separated by the Danube River. They were united in 1873 and became ‘Budapest.’ The city was liberated by the Soviet Army on February 13, 1945 and remained under Soviet control until 1991.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCsepel Island is the largest island on the Danube River in Hungary and lies to the south of Budapest.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 1892, the Weiss brothers founded the country’s first ammunition factory on the island of Csepel, close to Budapest. The Weiss Manfréd Acél- és Fémművek [Hungarian: Manfred Weiss Steel and Metal Works], known colloquially as Csepel Művek [Hungarian: Csepel Works], was one of the largest machine factories in Hungary, located on Csepel island outside Budapest. Originally founded in 1892, it was owned by Baron Manfred Weiss, a Jewish industrialist, it produced all types of equipment, from airplanes and munitions to automotive engines and cars. When Germany occupied Hungary in 1944, the factory was seized, its Jewish employees imprisoned, and the Weiss family fled to Portugal.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGyor is a city in northwest Hungary, located halfway between Budapest, Hungary and Vienna, Austria.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRaoul Wallenberg (1912—unknown) was a Swedish businessman recruited by the US War Refugee Board (WRB) in June 1944 to travel to Hungary. Given status as a diplomat by the Swedish legation, Wallenberg's task was to do what he could to assist and save Hungarian Jews. Wallenberg led one of the most extensive and successful rescue efforts during the Nazi era, saving thousands of Hungarian Jews. With authorization from the Swedish government, Wallenberg began distributing certificates of protection issued by the Swedish legation to Jews in Budapest. Wallenberg was last seen in the company of Soviet officials on January 17, 1945, as the Red Army besieged Budapest.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWallenberg began to distribute certificates of protection indiscriminately. He used WRB and Swedish funds to establish hospitals, nurseries and a soup kitchen, and to designate more than 30 “safe” houses that together formed the core of the \"international ghetto\" in Budapest, an area reserved for Jews and their families holding certificates of protection from a neutral country. Wallenberg's colleagues in the Swedish legation and diplomats from other neutral countries, such as Spain, also participated in rescue operations. Nearly 50,000 Jews in Budapest were placed under diplomatic protection.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn October 1944, the situation in Budapest took a turn for the worse. Although the Soviet army was already approaching, the fascist \"Arrow Cross\" seized power and established a reign of terror, disregarding the certificates of protection. As Soviet troops had already cut off rail transport routes to Auschwitz-Birkenau, Hungarian authorities forced tens of thousands of Budapest Jews to march west toward the border of Austria. Wallenberg repeatedly—and often personally—intervened to secure the release of those with certificates of protection or forged papers, saving as many people as he could.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Riding School [Hungarian: Nemzeti Lovarda] was built in 1878 and known colloquially as the “Tattersall,” after the English horse trader, Richard Tatersall. Situated in the center of Budapest, Hungary, it houses indoor riding halls and multiple stables. The complex was badly damaged in World War II, but was eventually rebuilt and continues to operate today (2018).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Kentucky Derby, is a thoroughbred horse race that has been held annually since 1875 in Louisville, Kentucky, United States. It is held at the Churchill Downs racetrack on the first Saturday in May, capping the two-week-long Kentucky Derby Festival. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe term “ghetto” originated in sixteenth-century Venice from the Jewish quarter, where authorities compelled the city’s Jews to live. The term’s usage spread across Europe and referred to areas within cities where members of minorities (typically Jews) lived and were often restricted to by the authorities as a way to separate them from the majority Christian population. During World War II, Nazi Germany established ghettos in segregated city districts to further isolate and imprison regional Jewish populations. Starting in 1939, the Germans established at least 1,000 ghettos in German-occupied and annexed Poland and the Soviet Union alone. Jews living in ghettos experienced miserable conditions and overcrowding.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn December 26, 1944, the Russian and Romanian armies surrounded the city of Budapest, Hungary. The city was strongly defended by German and Hungarian troops and a siege lasted for two months. During the siege, about 38,000 civilians died through starvation or military action. The city unconditionally surrendered on February 13, 1945. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSiberia is an extensive geographical region in Russia that extends eastward to become what is often referred to as ‘North Asia.’ It is a sparsely populated area with long, cold winters. Siberia has been a part of Russia since the seventeenth century. The majority of Soviet forced labor camps in the 1930’s through 1950’s were in remote areas of northeastern Siberia. The Siberian labor camps were used as a form of political repression and prisoners were often worked to death.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe International Committee of the Red Cross (“Red Cross”) is a humanitarian institution based in Geneva, Switzerland. At the end of World War II, the Red Cross worked with national Red Cross societies to organize relief assistance to those countries most severely affected by the war and set up a registration and tracing service for missing persons.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAdolf Hitler (1889-1945) was a German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and Führer (“leader”) of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator of Nazi Germany, he initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939 and was a central figure of the Holocaust.\u003cbr\u003e     Adolf Hitler applied for entrance into the Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna, Austria twice and was twice rejected, once in 1907 and again in 1908. For the next five years, Hitler struggled to earn money by selling small paintings, mostly images of buildings and other landmarks in Vienna that he copied from postcards. By 1914, Hitler was serving in World War I and would later enter politics. In his autobiographical manifesto, Mein Kampf, Hitler claimed that his antisemitic views formed during his time as a struggling artist in Vienna. His frustrated art career became part of the myth making—by Hitler himself and by his followers—that helped drive his fateful rise to power in Germany.\u003cbr\u003e     Hitler was drafted for Austrian military service at the beginning of World War I but turned down due to lack of fitness. After moving to Germany, he enlisted as a German soldier in the summer of 1914 and was deployed to Belgium in October. Over the next two years, Hitler served first as an infantryman and then as a private. He won two decorations for bravery, including the Iron Cross First Class and was wounded twice. He was recovering from his second injury when the war ended.\u003cbr\u003e     Hitler loved animals in general, but his favorite were dogs and especially German Shepherds. He was known to have had several dogs during his lifetime.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMilan [Italian: Milano] is the second most populated city in Italy and the main industrial, commercial, and financial center of Italy. It is located in northern Italy, close to the border of Switzerland.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGone with the Wind is an epic historical romance novel by Margaret Mitchell, which was published in 1926. A film version was made in 1939. The plot is set against the backdrop of the American Civil War and the Reconstruction era. It tells the story of Scarlett O’Hara, the strong-willed daughter of a Georgia plantation owner, and her tangled love affairs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAuschwitz-Birkenau was a network of camps built and operated by Germany just outside the Polish town of Oswiecem (renamed “Auschwitz” by the Germans) in Polish areas annexed by Germany during World War II. Auschwitz was a complex of camps: the Main Camp (Auschwitz I), Auschwitz-Birkenau (Auschwitz II) and Monowitz (Auschwitz III). Many smaller sub-camps were attached to the complex, which drew their labor from the Main Camp and Auschwitz-Birkenau. It is estimated that the SS and police deported at a minimum 1.3 million people (approximately 1.1 million of which were Jews) to the Auschwitz-Birkenau complex between 1940 and 1945. Camp authorities murdered 1.1 million of these prisoners. Auschwitz II, also known as Birkenau, was about 2-1/2 miles away from the main camp. It had the largest total prisoner population. This is the camp with the big brick gate and the railroad tracks leading to the ramp and where the four gas chambers and crematoria came to be located.  The Monowitz camp also known as Auschwitz III or Buna, was about 4 miles east of the Auschwitz Main Camp. It was a complex built to house slave laborers for the German chemical firm IG Farben.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAtlanta, Georgia is the capital and largest city in the state of Georgia. During the American Civil War it was a strategically important city for the Confederacy until it was captured in 1864. The city was almost entirely burnt to the ground during General William Sherman’s March to the Sea. After the war, the city rebounded and became a national industrial center.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta raises funds, which are dispersed throughout the Jewish community.  Services also include caring for Jews in need locally and around the world, community outreach, leadership development, and educational opportunities.  It is part of the Jewish Federation of North America (JFNA). There are Jewish federations in most major cities. After World War II, the Jewish Federations worked with the United Jewish Appeal (UJA), the United Palestine Appeal (UPA) and the Joint Distribution Committee (JDC) to help resettle Jewish concentration camp survivors and helped refugees create new lives. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMiriam \"Mickie\" Greenberg Eisenberg Krinsky (1925—2018) was born in Atlanta, Georgia, where she and her first husband, David Eisenberg, helped build the foundation of Atlanta's vibrant Jewish community. Mickie was a passionate leader for many years at the Hebrew Academy of Atlanta, the Jewish Federation, Hadassah, and Congregation Shearith Israel. After David died, she remarried Joseph Krinsky.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Progressive Club was a Jewish social organization that was established in 1913 by Russian Jews who felt unwelcome at the Standard Club, where German Jews were predominant. At first the club was located in a rented house until a new club was built that included a swimming pool and a gym. In 1940, the club opened a larger facility with three swimming pools, tennis and softball. In 1976, the club moved north. The property was eventually sold as the club faced financial challenges and the Carl E. Sanders Family YMCA at Buckhead opened in 1996.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Capital City Club is a private social club founded in Atlanta, Georgia in 1883. It is among the oldest social organizations in the South. Well into the twentieth century, the club unofficially did not allow minorities to have memberships.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Piedmont Driving Club is a private social club in Atlanta, Georgia with a reputation as one of the most prestigious private clubs in the South. Founded in 1887 originally as the Gentlemen's Driving Club, the name reflected the interest of the members to ‘drive’ their horse and carriages on the club grounds. Well into the twentieth century, the club unofficially did not allow minorities to have memberships.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMooney’s Lake was an amusement park that was developed by Deuward S. Mooney and in business from 1920-58. It featured two spring-water pools, a lake for swimming and canoeing, horseback riding, miniature golf, and a railroad as well as a pavilion with food for purchase. In 1958, Mooney's Lake was drained and developers built “Broadview Plaza,” a shopping center that is today known as “Lindbergh Plaza” and is home to large department stores such as the home improvement store Home Depot (2018).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHenry is referring to Alterman Foods, Inc., a family retail and wholesale grocery business founded in 1923 by Russian immigrant Louis Alterman and operated by his five sons: David, Isadore, Max, George, and Sam. Alterman Foods opened the first supermarket in Atlanta on Marietta Street. The store was named Big Apple after a popular dance of the time. The company grew quickly and operated a retail division under the names of Big Apple and Food Giant Supermarkets. By the 1970’s, Big Apple had more than 100 supermarkets and 4,500 employees. The company also had a wholesale division, ABC Food Stores, which supplied independent grocery stores throughout the state and enabled the Alterman brothers to indirectly command a far greater share of Georgia's grocery business. Alterman Foods expanded to one-third of all the retail groceries in Georgia. In 1980, the business was sold.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYiddishkeit literally means \"Jewishness\", i.e. “a Jewish way of life” in the Yiddish language.  In a more general sense it has come to mean the \"Jewishness\" or \"Jewish essence\" of Ashkenazi Jews in general and the traditional Yiddish-speaking Jews of Eastern and Central Europe in particular. From a more secular perspective it is associated with the popular culture or folk practices of Yiddish-speaking Jews, such as popular religious traditions, Eastern European Jewish food, Yiddish humor, and klezmer music, among other things.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e‘Old country’ is a phrase referring to an emigrant's country of origin; especially Europe.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eUncle Tom's Cabin, or Life Among the Lowly, is an anti-slavery novel by American author Harriet Beecher Stowe. Originally published in 1852, the abolitionist novel achieved wide popularity, particularly among white readers in the North. While it was the best-selling novel of the 19th century, today the depiction of its black characters is seen as racist and patronizing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil Rights Movement encompasses social movements in the United States whose goal was to end racial segregation and discrimination against Black Americans and enforce constitutional voting rights to them. The movement was characterized by major campaigns of civil resistance. Between 1955 and 1968, acts of nonviolent protest and civil disobedience produced crisis situations between activists and government authorities. Noted legislative achievements during this phase of the Civil Rights Movement were passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the Immigration and Nationality Services Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Temple—Atlanta, Georgia’s oldest Reform congregation—on Peachtree Street was bombed in the early morning hours of October 12, 1958. About 50 sticks of dynamite were planted near the building and tore a huge hole in the wall. No one was injured in the bombing as it was during the night. Five men associated with the National States’ Rights Party, a white separatist group, were tried and acquitted in the bombing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Jacob Rothschild was rabbi of the Atlanta, Georgia’s oldest Reform congregation, the Temple, from 1946 until his death in 1973 from a heart attack. Rabbi Jacob Rothschild forged close relationships with the city’s Christian clergy, was an outspoken, charismatic advocate of civil rights and integration, and friend of Martin Luther King Jr.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDaimler-Benz AG is a German manufacturer of motor vehicles and internal combustion engines that was founded in 1926. Today, it is best known for Mercedes-Benz, its luxury automobile brand. During World War II, it also employed slave labor to produce aircraft, tank, and submarine engines. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMein Kampf [German: My Struggle] is an autobiographical manifesto written by Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler while imprisoned following the failed Beer Hall Putsch of November 1923. In the manifesto, Hitler outlines his political ideology and future plans for Germany.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum opened in Atlanta, Georgia in 1996. It features a permanent exhibit called Absence of Humanity: The Holocaust Years, 1933-1945 as well as exhibitions about Southern Jewish history and Jewish culture. The Breman Museum also includes the Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History, the Weinberg Center for Holocaust Education, and a library of research materials.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=4980.0,5010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Germans ordered the establishment of a ghetto in Warsaw, Poland in October 1940. An estimated 400,000 Jews lived inside 1.3 miles of the city that was walled off and guarded. Starvation and illness from the over-crowded, deplorable conditions inside the Warsaw ghetto killed many. In July through August 1942, nearly 65,000 Jews were deported to the Treblinka extermination camp and murdered. In January 1943, a second major wave of deportation started. By this time, most of the Jews knew what had happened to those deported before them and hid, while a number of armed Jews opened fire on SS guards. This resistance surprised the Germans and the deportations were discontinued. The deportations resumed again on April 19, 1943 and this time the entire ghetto was to be liquidated. Stiff resistance met the Germans. Again they temporarily withdrew in disorder but soon returned to the ghetto in full force with 850 soldiers, tanks and armored cars. The Germans literally destroyed the ghetto building-by-building, block-by-block, burning and demolishing the ghetto one street at a time. On May 8, 1943, the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising ended when the last of the fighters committed suicide rather than surrender.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDr. Emmanuel Ringelblum led a secret operation code-named Oneg Shabbat [Hebrew: Sabbath delight] to document life in the Warsaw, Poland ghetto. A group of several dozen writers, teachers, rabbis, and historians wrote diaries and a narrative of deportations from the Warsaw ghetto. They also collected documents, underground newspapers, and posters and public notices of decrees issued by the Judenrat (a council of Jewish elders established on German orders). On the eve of the ghetto's destruction in the spring of 1943, the archive was placed in three milk cans and some metal boxes and buried in the cellars of several Warsaw buildings. The first containers were found in 1946 and another milk can was unearthed in 1950. Despite repeated searches, the rest of the archive, including the third milk can, was never found.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=5040.0,5070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Holocaust is the best documented case of genocide, yet calculating how many individuals were killed during the Holocaust and World War II as a result of Nazi policies is difficult as no single document exists which spells out how many died. To accurately estimate the extent of human losses, scholars, governmental agencies and Jewish organizations since the 1940’s have relied on a variety of records including census reports, captured archives, and postwar investigations. The best and most commonly accepted estimate of Jewish victims is six million.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=5190.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDavid John Cawdell Irving (born 1938) is an English Holocaust denier and author who has written on the military and political history of World War II, with a focus on Nazi Germany.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=5190.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDeborah Lipstadt is an American historian and author of the books Denying the Holocaust and The Eichmann Trial. She is the Dorot Professor of Modern Jewish and Holocaust Studies at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia. In 1996, David Irving sued Lipstadt and her publisher, Penguin Books, seeking damages over Lipstadt's 1994 book, Denying the Holocaust: The Growing Assault on Truth and Memory, which he claimed had generated waves of hatred against him. In April 2000, the courts ruled in favor of Lipstadt. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=5400.0,5430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e“Righteous Gentiles” or “Righteous Among the Nations” is a title used by the State of Israel to honor non-Jews who risked their lives and the lives of their families to help save Jews during the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=5460.0,5490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWeidergutmachung is a German term that means literally \"to make good again\" or to compensate. Since World War II, it has been used to refer to reparations paid by the German government to survivors of the Holocaust and those who were made to work as slave laborers.  Between 1945 and 1947, the Allied government enacted a variety of legislation dealing with reparations to be paid to victims of German oppression. The Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany (Claims Conference) was established on October 1951 to help with indidivual claims against Germany arising from the Holocaust. It initially recovered $100 million from West Germany, with compensation paid in installments to survivors. In 1952, the government of West Germany reached an agreement with the state of Israel and the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany to pay reparations for material losses and injuries incurred during the Holocaust. Three separate German laws, known as the West German Federal Indemnification Laws, were adopted in 1953, 1956, and 1965. They further provided for compensation in the form of one-time payments and monthly pensions to Holocaust survivors. In the years since, other agreements for reparations have also been reached.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=5520.0,5550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCFS Continental, Inc. was a wholesale food distributor started in 1915 as the Continental Coffee Company. It is now part of Sysco.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=5730.0,5760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSysco Corporation, an acronym for Systems and Services Company, is an American multinational corporation involved in marketing and distributing food products. The company was founded in 1969.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=5820.0,5850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAustria-Hungary, also known as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, was a constitutional union of the Empire of Austria and the Kingdom of Hungary that existed from 1867 to 1918, when it collapsed as a result of defeat in World War I. Austria-Hungary was one of the Central Powers in World War I. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=6360.0,6390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShiloh High School is a public school located in Snellville, Georgia which is in southern Gwinnett County. The high school opened in 1984.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=6630.0,6660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the Written Torah and the Oral Law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays and more.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=6780.0,6810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYiddish is the common historical language of Ashkenazi Jews from Central and Eastern Europe. It is heavily Germanic based but uses the Hebrew alphabet. The language was spoken or understood as a common tongue for many European Jews up until the middle of the twentieth century. Although Henry uses the terms “Yiddish” and “Yid” to refer to Jews, Yiddish is a reference to a person's language and not necessarily their ethnicity, religion, or culture.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=6840.0,6870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 1955, Henry married Sherry Wolf (1936-2016), who was born in Macon, Georgia. She was President of the Hadassah in the 1970’s and active in both the Atlanta Jewish community and local politics.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=6960.0,6990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/annotation_set/950/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJames Edward \"Billy\" McKinney (February 23, 1927 – July 15, 2010) was an American politician from the U.S. state of Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=7080.0,7110.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Henry Friedman [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Henry introduces himself and shares where he was born","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3.0,109.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Originally, [it was] Friedman, Emerch. I had so much difficulty--people asked me, \"What? What's your name?\" I changed it to Enrico in Italy. When I came here, Enrico was Henry. It was Freidman, Emerch Henry. Today, to simplify things, it's Henry Friedman.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3.0,109.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hungary","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nagyvarad, Romania","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Oradea Mare, Romania","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Romania","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Transylvania","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3.0,109.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What life was like growing up and before the Germans took over","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=109.0,287.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Even at that time, for several years already, in schools [there] was a quota system. As a Jew, sometimes you didn't qualify for the quota system in schools, in higher education. My aim for many years prior to that [was] I wanted to be a textile engineer. I got some education in university in Hungary, but I wasn't able to continue all the time because I didn't qualify for the quota\nsystem.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=109.0,287.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Antisemitism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Education","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hungary","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pogroms","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Romania","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Synagogue","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=109.0,287.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What they knew about the war and what was happening to the Jews","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=287.0,531.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I know everyone known--not everyone, but the intelligence service knew about what is going on. They could have saved in some instances some lives, some individuals, but the whole picture looked like it was bigger than what affected us.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=287.0,531.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Allies","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anitsemitism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BBC","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"British","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Concentration Camps","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ghettos","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hungary","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"United States","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=287.0,531.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How life changed once Germany occupied Hungary in 1944","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=531.0,823.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"New rules and regulations came. For instance, the professions wasn't allowed. Jewish teachers weren't allowed to teach other than Jewish children. A physician wasn't allowed to treat anyone but Jewish patients. About the end of the first week already, my father was taken to forced labor. He was an insurance broker. He--who never in his life done nothing physical--was taken in. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=531.0,823.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Antisemitism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Forced labor","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kosher","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Orthodox Jew","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Star of David","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tallis","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yiddish","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=531.0,823.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Reporting for military service and volunteering for an assignment","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=823.0,976.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In Budapest, my first assignment was we went to . . . it was in Czapel, not far from downtown Budapest. It was on outskirts of Budapest. It was a tremendous big factory called Weiss Manfred. I was assigned . . . the first assignment was in an airplane factory. Weiss Manfred had at that time had way over 100,000 workers.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=823.0,976.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Airplanes","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bombardment","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Budapest, Hungary","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Czapel, Hungary","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Factory","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Weiss Manfred","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=823.0,976.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Working in the foundry and being beaten","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=976.0,1274.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He pointed at me, \"You, Jew. Some of the points of your star is loose. I want to see you in my office later on.\" Then he just turned around. He said, \"I changed my mind. I want to see you right away.\" The sergeant who was our guard . . . the three of us was walking toward his office. Over there, when we reached his office, he closed his door, and without too much conversation, he was beating me with his fists [on] my head and kicking.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=976.0,1274.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Abuse","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Foundry","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Star of David","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Steel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=976.0,1274.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Going to a hospital for treatment","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=1274.0,1523.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know [if it was] because the hospital was located close to a railway station or [if it was targeted] intentionally, but the hospital got a blanket . . . saturated bombardment, which means every so . . . frequently a bomb was falling. In a very, very short time, the hospital was ruined. People dying, people running . . . It felt like to me it was a lifetime.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=1274.0,1523.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bombing","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Budapest, Hungary","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gyor, Hungary","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hospital","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jew","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=1274.0,1523.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Raoul Wallenberg efforts to save the Jews","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=1523.0,1695.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It came to me that [there] is a Swedish diplomat called Raoul Wallenberg [who] wants to save some Jews. For me and quite a few other ones from my group, we tried to go to the Swedish Consulate. Sure enough, I was able to have a Schutzpass [German: protection pass], which called a temporary passport, which says whoever's name appears is waiting for a Swedish transport and he's under Swedish protectorate, to respect that document.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=1523.0,1695.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Austria","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Budapest, Hungary","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Raoul Wallenberg","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Schutzpass","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sweden","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tatersall","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=1523.0,1695.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Being forced into a Ghetto and into forced labor by the Germans","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=1695.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One day, I was scavenging, looking to find something to eat in the ghetto. By a German patrol, I been stopped. A couple dozen of us stopped and they are taking us out of the ghetto, taking us to Buda. [Budapest] actually is two cities.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=1695.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Forced labor","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Foxholes","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ghetto","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hospital","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Injury","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shrapnel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=1695.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Surviving a firing squad","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=1920.0,2123.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I remembered that [if you are] taken to the German hospital . . . I heard so many times we never, ever heard anyone returning. We never heard anyone sending them any message or anything. What that means? Around five o'clock came. It was three other Jewish individuals like myself. They was hurt. We were all put up in a horse driven wagon [with] four Germans taking us to a cemetery.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=1920.0,2123.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cemetery","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Firing squad","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rifle","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=1920.0,2123.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hiding out in the hospital basement until the Russians took over","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=2123.0,2332.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was able to find where they kept the coal and I get over there where the coal was. I kind of digged myself under the coal and I hid over there. I don't [know] for how long I was over there when my fever from whatever . . . I was very, very cold.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=2123.0,2332.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hospital","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Infection","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=2123.0,2332.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Escaping a forced march and returning home","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=2332.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"From the sidewalk, a young girl motioned me to go towards her. Without thinking, without asking any permission, I just broke\nthough the line and went towards her. She said, \"Get lost. Do you want to wind up in Siberia [Russian]? Because that's where that group is being taken.\"","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=2332.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Budapest, Hungary","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hospital","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hungary","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Oradea, Romania","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Railroad","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Red Cross","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Romania","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Siberia, Russia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=2332.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Discovering what happen to his family and how he was treated after returning","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=2700.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The next couple of days, I tried to find out different things about the rest of my family. Not the indifference, but the hate what I\nencountered by the Hungarians . . . Whenever I discussed or I tried to find anything, what I heard from almost everybody [was,] \"We don't know why the Jews are so down or why the Jews are crying. It seems there's more Jews coming back that what Hitler took away!\"","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=2700.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Adolf Hitler","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Concentration Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hungary","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=2700.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Realizing the parallels between himself and Scarlett O'Hara","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=2940.0,3091.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Everything that was dear to Scarlett O'Hara, the main character in Gone With the Wind, her life almost came to an end, she lost everybody, everything burned. That kind of reminded me that my life is kind of parallel.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=2940.0,3091.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Auschwitz-Birkenau","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Concentration Camps","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gone with the Wind","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Milan, Italy","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=2940.0,3091.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Coming to Atlanta, Georgia in 1950","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3091.0,3327.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Life was good to me. I started a brand new life from the ashes of Tara. [With] no friends, no relatives, and no money, I started a new life here. I have to inject that the Atlanta Jewish Federation was my sponsor to bring me to Atlanta, Georgia just like it was a mitzvah [Hebrew: good deed].","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3091.0,3327.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Immigration","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Federation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Painter","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3091.0,3327.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Making connections through social clubs and antisemitism experienced in Atlanta","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3327.0,3622.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It used to be called Mooney's Lake. It was a sign in the front of Mooney's Lake I recall in 1950 or 1951, [that said,] \"No dogs or Jews allowed.\" [Atlanta] wasn't that liberal then, even in 1950 or 1951, like it is today. That's what I recall. That was also the Jewish clubs. 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I feel like I'm closer than I was before, even though I come from quite an assimilated family. I feel like I'm closer today than I was before the war. I don't know what brings me that, but I feel that affiliation.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3622.0,3846.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Faith","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Federation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3622.0,3846.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Difference he's noticed between American and European Jewish","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3846.0,3992.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Even though they said the roads are paved with gold in America, I find some [were] well to do and some not so well to do here also. Naturally, the financial status put people more or maybe they took up on themselves to look down on you because you come from the 'old country,' or you don't speak that language, or something. I think they put themselves on it. 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How can I look down one race against another one? Individuals are a different story. There are good individuals [and] bad ones. There are good black ones [and] bad black ones. There are good Jews [and] bad Jews. You have to take everyone on an individual basis.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3992.0,4288.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Civil Rights Movement","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Discrimination","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Race relations","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Uncle Tom's Cabin","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=3992.0,4288.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How he dealt with his war experience in the years after the war","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=4288.0,4635.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If I turn a light off, it doesn't bother me. I don't think about it. The same thing applies to lots of things. What happened\nto me . . . I didn't want to think about it. I knew that I don't want to have a Mercedes [Benz]. I didn't want to have German products. I didn't want it. I just wanted to turn the switch off, not to think about it.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=4288.0,4635.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germans","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust suvivor","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mein Kampf","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Memories","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=4288.0,4635.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Discusses meeting his wife, their son and what they asked about his past","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=4635.0,4974.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We got married in 1956. Two years later, we had a son, Stephen, named after my brother whose loss I took so very badly.  In the beginning or even later on, [neither] her nor my son asked me about my past because they knew that I had no relatives more or less, that everyone . . . that I'm the only one. I don't know why. I never even today ask why, but I felt like maybe they just don't want to open a wound. 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I cannot stay quiet. I have to share my story and bring back or somehow tie in {01:26:30} the six million innocent victims who are not here today, who cannot speak about it because they was liquidated.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=4974.0,5388.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Auschwitz-Birkenau","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germans","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust denial","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust survivor","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Warsaw Ghetto","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=4974.0,5388.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How he would respond today to Holocaust deniers and supporters of Hitler's views","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=5388.0,5607.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I do believe--it may be childish--what comes around goes around. Sooner or later, everybody who tries to put something on somebody else, someday they will be caught. I mean, you cannot get away with lies. You'll be caught.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=5388.0,5607.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germans","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust denial","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Israel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mein Kampf","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nazi","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Weidergutmachgung","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=5388.0,5607.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"His feelings today towards Hungary and Romania","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=5607.0,5688.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Just like the same thing about the Mercedes Benz, I will not put one penny to the Hungarian government to help, even though I have good memories. I know that there are beautiful places, like Budapest used to be called the 'Paris of the East.' It's a gorgeous place. I don't want . . . It's too many bitter memories there.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=5607.0,5688.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hungary","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Romania","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=5607.0,5688.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What he is most proud of in his life","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=5688.0,6006.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm proud also  that, after the Progressive Club, I was asked [by] Martin Alterman, who started off a new institutional division of retail food markets . . . He asked me to be his buyer.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=5688.0,6006.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CFS Continental","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sales Representative","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sysco Food Service","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=5688.0,6006.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Discusses how the war continues to impact him","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=6006.0,6328.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I cannot bring everybody back. With the light switch and with all that, somehow I'm able to manage, to hold it [as] two separate things. I cannot say that I forgot even for a day--it's with {01:41:00} me--my loss is with me all the time. But to be able to separate it, to keep a home life and not to ruin it, and to be able to be a father to a son, and not to ruin him with my burdens . . . I'm able to separate it.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=6006.0,6328.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Father","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust survivor","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Husband","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nightmares","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=6006.0,6328.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Reflecting on what he has inherited from his parents","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=6328.0,6498.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The various qualities that I know that I inherited--even though I don't want to condone it--that we were very assimilated. I don't want to condone my parents.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=6328.0,6498.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Artist","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Austro-Hungarian Army","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germans","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hungary","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Romania","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=6328.0,6498.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What he hopes people would learn and change from the past","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=6498.0,6769.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I want to repeat myself, whenever in the summer of 1944 . . . I was the only one in that army hospital . . . to getting back . . . to be treated as a human being . . . It means so much. We all take it for granted today. The only way you will know the value [or] the importance is if it is taken away from you for a while. That's the only way you know what you've lost and what you're missing before you can appreciate it today to be treated like a human being.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=6498.0,6769.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Humanity","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Remembrance","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Respect","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tolerance","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=6498.0,6769.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Discusses the challenges of assimilation for Jewish community","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=6769.0,6988.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Assimilation is something that's quite a difficult subject. I don't know how to find a happy medium. The extreme is very bad. To be too religious, too Orthodox extreme, I don't believe is right. To be the other end [and] that extreme is not good. I don't know how you can bring it to the center, to be close.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=6769.0,6988.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Assimilation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Orthodox Jew","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Religion","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sabbath","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Synagogue","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yiddish","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=6769.0,6988.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He shares some of the recognition he has received over the years for his work ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=6988.0,10849.339"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[My speech said,] \"Mr. Speaker, members of this House, and Representative McKinney, thank you for the resolution honoring me. I have a mission and an obligation to the six million who perished in the Holocaust to keep their memory alive. They were killed because they committed a sin, a crime. They were born into a Jewish faith. Thank you, Representative Billy McKinney, for giving me this opportunity to talk about my experience in public.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=6988.0,10849.339"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812/index/51966/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Retirement","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"State Capital","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84466/file/172812#t=6988.0,10849.339"}]}]}]}