{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/r49g44jz3x/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Koto, Sachi"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2011-12-20 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Koto, Sachi (Interviewee)","Campbell, Jennifer (Interviewer)","Einstein, Ruth (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta","Special Exhibitions Collection"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eSachi Koto was interviewed by Jennifer Campbell and Ruth Einstein on December 20, 2011 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eSachi Koto grew up in post World War II Georgia. Her grandparents were immigrants from Japan. During World War II, Sachi’s family was incarcerated in camps by the US government, solely because they were Japanese Americans. Her parents met while they were incarcerated at the Heart Mountain Relocation Center [one of ten “relocation centers” where in all over 110,000 Japanese Americans were incarcerated during World War II. These “centers” were in fact prisons (now increasingly called concentration camps to reflect the targeted racism and forced incarceration endured by Americans of Japanese descent at these sites)]. Sachi’s family rebuilt their lives in Georgia, where Sachi was born and grew up. Sachi received her communications degree from Reinhardt College (Waleska, Georgia) and also received a diploma from the Gendai Japanese Language Institute of Tokyo. After working as a CNN news anchor, Sachi founded Sachi Koto Communications, a public relations and communications firm, in the early 2000s. In 2021, Sachi received Japan’s Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Rosette, an award that recognized her work strengthening ties between Japan and the United States.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eIn her interview, Sachi Koto discusses her family history, her parents’ wartime incarceration in US government camps, and their life in the postwar South as an Asian American family. First, at the start of the interview, Sachi describes her grandparents’ emigration from Japan and their first years living in the United States. In addition, she explains the impact that the outbreak of World War II had on Japanese American communities. Sachi relates the personal stories of her parents and their families, when they were forced to leave their homes during the war and live in camps run by the US government simply because they were Japanese Americans. She describes the conditions in Heart Mountain Relocation Center, the camp where her family lived. Then, Sachi discusses how her parents rebuilt their lives in Georgia. She also recalls her personal experiences of growing up in an Asian American family in the South and, specifically, near Stone Mountain, a place with strong ties to the KKK. Finally, Sachi reflects on the US government’s incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II and the impacts that these WWII events had on the Japanese American community over the decades.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/29120"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Koto, Sachi (personal name)","Roosevelt, Franklin Delano (1882-1945) (personal name)","Ku Klux Klan (corporate name)","University of Idaho (corporate name)","California, United States (geographic term)","Fukuoka, Japan (geographic term)","Georgia, United States (geographic term)","Gunma, Japan (geographic term)","Heart Mountain Relocation Center (geographic term)","Los Angeles, California (geographic term)","Stone Mountain, Georgia (geographic term)","Twin Falls, Idaho (geographic term)","Agriculture (topical term)","Camp Life (Japanese American Incarceration - World War II) (topical term)","Executive Order 9066 (topical term)","Gaman (topical term)","Immigration (topical term)","Japanese American Communities (American South) (topical term)","Japanese American Communities (World War II) (topical term)","Japanese American Families (Postwar South) (topical term)","Japanese American History Education (topical term)","Japanese American Incarceration (World War II) (topical term)","Pearl Harbor (topical term)","Racism (topical term)","Railroads (United States (topical term)","Reparations (World War II) (topical term)","Segregation (topical term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eSachi Koto was interviewed by Jennifer Campbell and Ruth Einstein on December 20, 2011 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSachi Koto grew up in post World War II Georgia. Her grandparents were immigrants from Japan. During World War II, Sachi\u0026rsquo;s family was incarcerated in camps by the US government, solely because they were Japanese Americans. Her parents met while they were incarcerated at the Heart Mountain Relocation Center [one of ten \u0026ldquo;relocation centers\u0026rdquo; where in all over 110,000 Japanese Americans were incarcerated during World War II. These \u0026ldquo;centers\u0026rdquo; were in fact prisons (now increasingly called concentration camps to reflect the targeted racism and forced incarceration endured by Americans of Japanese descent at these sites)]. Sachi\u0026rsquo;s family rebuilt their lives in Georgia, where Sachi was born and grew up. Sachi received her communications degree from Reinhardt College (Waleska, Georgia) and also received a diploma from the Gendai Japanese Language Institute of Tokyo. After working as a CNN news anchor, Sachi founded Sachi Koto Communications, a public relations and communications firm, in the early 2000s. In 2021, Sachi received Japan\u0026rsquo;s Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Rosette, an award that recognized her work strengthening ties between Japan and the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn her interview, Sachi Koto discusses her family history, her parents\u0026rsquo; wartime incarceration in US government camps, and their life in the postwar South as an Asian American family. First, at the start of the interview, Sachi describes her grandparents\u0026rsquo; emigration from Japan and their first years living in the United States. In addition, she explains the impact that the outbreak of World War II had on Japanese American communities. Sachi relates the personal stories of her parents and their families, when they were forced to leave their homes during the war and live in camps run by the US government simply because they were Japanese Americans. She describes the conditions in Heart Mountain Relocation Center, the camp where her family lived. Then, Sachi discusses how her parents rebuilt their lives in Georgia. She also recalls her personal experiences of growing up in an Asian American family in the South and, specifically, near Stone Mountain, a place with strong ties to the KKK. Finally, Sachi reflects on the US government\u0026rsquo;s incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II and the impacts that these WWII events had on the Japanese American community over the decades.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/189/711/small/Koto_Sachi.mp4_1686083225.jpg?1686083226","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Koto_Sachi.mp4"]},"duration":1985.686,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/189/711/small/Koto_Sachi.mp4_1686083225.jpg?1686083226","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/189/711/original/Koto_Sachi.mp4?1686083224","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":1985.686,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Koto, Sachi [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAMPBELL: I want to welcome Sachi Koto to the Breman Museum to talk about her\nfamily's experience in the Japanese American internment camps during World War\nII. My name is Jennifer Campbell and I'm the curator for the exhibition, \"Art of\nGaman.\" Today is Tuesday December 20, 2011. So, welcome--\n\nKOTO: Thank you.\n\nCAMPBELL: --and I'm going to begin by asking you to please tell me a little\nabout your family and where they were born.\n\nKOTO: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, my family--I'm a third generation Japanese--and my grandparents were\nborn, one set Fukuoka from the Koto side, and my mother's side was from\nGunma-ken in Japan. Being a third generation and landing and being born in\nAtlanta [Georgia], there's a lot of history--\n\nCAMPBELL: Right.\n\nKOTO: --and a lot of ups and downs through that, in getting here.\n\nCAMPBELL: So did your . . . when did they immigrate to the United States?\n\nKOTO: The Koto side came in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1900 and the Yokota side, which is my mother's side,\ncame in 1916. The Koto side came from Fukuoka, and at that time in Japan, jobs\nwere hard to come by, particularly in the area where they were from. Asia was\nbeginning, or had been looking at America as the place where there was gold\nmountains . . . and with the gold rush and also working on the railroads and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in\nthe pineapple fields, as well. There were ways of making a living and making\nmoney and being able to send it back home. So that's what both sides were\nlooking at. So the Koto side came here to work on the railroads, although by the\nyear 1900 the railroads were just about . . . being completed. And then the\nother side came to the Los Angeles [California] area and they were here to work\nas farmers, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is a typical immigrant story back in those days.\n\nCAMPBELL: Did they ever consider living in another area besides the West Coast?\n\nKOTO: No, not at that time. The Koto side went to Twin Falls, Idaho to work on\nthe railroads which is really a . . . you know, it's a little dot on the map. It\nwas a very obscure area, and I think it's very interesting. This is when there\nwhere Indians still in Idaho. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They were riding on horseback in a lot of areas,\nso very, still very, very primitive, so to speak, and you could imagine what\nthese Japanese, coming here with no English abilities.\n\nCAMPBELL: I was going to ask about the English, yes.\n\nKOTO: Really scary, I think.\n\nCAMPBELL: Wow. Did . . . and so you said one side of your family did . . . They\nwere farmers, and the other one, they went to Idaho and they did railroad. Now\ndid they do anything else before World War II, or is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that . . .\n\nKOTO: You know, they, after the railroads were completed, then they had no other\njob, so they started working part-time in restaurants. So gradually they learned\nthe skills there and you didn't have to have that much communication.\n\nCAMPBELL: Right.\n\nKOTO: You didn't need that much English as long as you could cook.\n\nCAMPBELL: Right.\n\nKOTO: So, they eventually started their own little Koto Café in Twin Falls, Idaho.\n\nCAMPBELL: Were there a lot of other Japanese . . .\n\nKOTO: No, just the two families that went there.\n\nCAMPBELL: And they started the first . . .\n\nKOTO: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mm-hmm.\n\nCAMPBELL: . . . Japanese restaurant in . . .\n\nKOTO: So they really assimilated very, very quickly. I think it made the Koto\nside, my grandparents and my parents, very Americanized because they assimilated\nbecause they had to.\n\nCAMPBELL: Right.\n\nKOTO: My father went to a Baptist church, because that was probably the only\nthing that was there.\n\nCAMPBELL: Wow.\n\nKOTO: Mm-hmm. But on the other side where my mother's family, you know, was\nfrom, in Los Angeles, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they were still very, what I would say, very Japanese. My\nmother only spoke Japanese in the house because her father demanded that. That,\nyou know--\n\nCAMPBELL: Mm-hmm.\n\nKOTO: --you will keep that language.\n\nCAMPBELL: Wow, and they were farmers?\n\nKOTO: Yes, farmers.\n\nCAMPBELL: What were they . . . what was their farm?\n\nKOTO: They grew all kinds of things, and also strawberries, as well.\n\nCAMPBELL: Okay, so, strawberries. Now, how old were your parents when Pearl\nHarbor was bombed?\n\nKOTO: My mother was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"20 and my father was 25.\n\nCAMPBELL: Wow. What was the reaction within, I mean, with your family. I'm\nassuming that your parents did not know . . . did they know each other before?\n\nKOTO: No, they met in camp.\n\nCAMPBELL: Camp, okay.\n\nKOTO: Uh-huh. But in my mother's family, she was the oldest. She was very\nconcerned because her parents didn't speak English that well. But, you know,\nbeing 20, raised here, she kind of took over as, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"really, watching what was being\nposted. She said she read the newspapers and was very aware of what, the gossip\naround the community at that time. So, she took on a very mature role, I think,\nof being a caregiver for her whole family. Then by . . . the time that Pearl\nHarbor, the Pearl Harbor attack was taking place, my father became the bread\nwinner for his house because his father had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"passed away. So, he had brought his\nfamily from Twin Falls, Idaho, at the age of 25, to the Los Angeles area, as\nwell. He was doing Japanese gardening with his little brother because that was\nthe only skill he knew. He was pulled out of college, the University of Idaho,\nbecause his father passed away. So, both of them kind of became caregivers very\naware of what was going on. Very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"scary times, for their parents especially\nbecause that's when they really realized their parents were Japanese and they\nwere Japanese American. They were being torn at a very young age.\n\nCAMPBELL: What was the reaction within their neighborhood, I mean, did they talk\nto you about the community and how people were treating them? I mean, I assume\nyour mother was in the Japanese community?\n\nKOTO: Yes.\n\nCAMPBELL: And I guess your dad was too, so . . .\n\nKOTO: By that time, yes.\n\nCAMPBELL: So, I guess . . . did they talk about that, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and how everybody else was\nreacting about it?\n\nKOTO: Yes, they said a little bit, but not too much. But, it was the murmuring,\nyou know, and the gossiping, because word was getting out and they knew that\nsomething was going to happen. My grandfather was taken very early, before the\nothers were. It was a knock on the door, people . . . it was like the men in\nblack came without any explanation. They took him away and my poor grandmother\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"speaks very little Japanese, and so my mother had to translate and say, you\nknow, \"They're taking him away.\"\n\nCAMPBELL: You all had no idea . . .\n\nKOTO: No.\n\nCAMPBELL: They had no idea where they were going?\n\nKOTO: No, my mother said it was weeks before they got any correspondence where\nhe was.\n\nCAMPBELL: Oh my god.\n\nKOTO: Mm-hmm. So it was a very, very scary time for all of them.\n\nCAMPBELL: How did your family hear about the relocation process? I mean, on\nFebruary 19, 1942, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"President [Franklin D.] Roosevelt signed the Executive Order\n9066. Did they know where they were going to go? Were they assigned a certain\nrelocation camp? I mean did they tell you about that process?\n\nKOTO: I don't think that they really knew from what I gathered. There were a lot\nof notes--notices posted . . . you know, on the windows, I remember seeing them\non telephone poles in pictures. But I think there were people in the community\nthat were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more in touch with what was going on and that word just kind of passed\naround, word-of-mouth. Especially because my grandfather had already been taken\naway, I think they were trying very hard from neighbor-to-neighbor, community\nleader, to find out what was going on.\n\nCAMPBELL: Do you know how much time they had to prepare to leave and what they\nactually took with them?\n\nKOTO: I'm thinking it's within less than two weeks. But they kind of knew, but,\nthat's what I heard. Between a week to two weeks. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That means selling your house,\nselling your car, selling, you know, whatever you have. Or asking people to, you\nknow, to keep it for you.\n\nCAMPBELL: Your family . . . now, were both your parents and their family taken\nto Heart Mountain?\n\nKOTO: Yes and that's where they met.\n\nCAMPBELL: Wow. Can you tell me a little about that?\n\nKOTO: Yes, and so when I was growing up and we heard about camp from my mother\nand father, it was not so negative. There was . . . it was not that positive,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but there were happy things that they would talk about, you know, when they met.\nSo for a long time we were under the impression that it was like Girl Scout camp\nor Boy Scout camp. Little did we know, until later on, that it was, you know,\nsomething really serious.\n\nCAMPBELL: Did your grandparents talk to you about their experience at camp?\n\nKOTO: No.\n\nCAMPBELL: Or was that something they just did not . . .\n\nKOTO: They didn't. It was kind of a said thing that you don't ask the\ngrandparents about it.\n\nCAMPBELL: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But you were able to talk to your parents about it, somewhat?\n\nKOTO: Yes.\n\nCAMPBELL: And was it like a natural conversation that would just come up, or did\nthey sit you down and say, \"This is what happened to us.\"\n\nKOTO: Well, it came out of a very bad experience. I was in kindergarten at a\nPresbyterian church. One night I came home and I said, \"Oh! What's a 'chink'?\"\nInstead of answering me directly, they, you know, kind of stumbled around and\njust said, \"Oh, tell your friends that you're Japanese.\" And then the next night\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I came home and I asked them, \"What's a 'Jap'?\" You know, at five years old, I\nwas so naive to all of that. But you know, children learn from their parents.\n\nCAMPBELL: Mm-hmm.\n\nKOTO: So that's when my parents looked at each other and said, \"We've got to\ntell the kids.\" You know, Jennifer, it was like they took blinders off of me.\nBecause it was at that moment that I realized that I was different. I was so\nnaive, I didn't even know that I had black hair and, you know . . . you know,\nlittle slanted eyes. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I didn't know that I was yellow or Asian until that night.\nSo, it was so shocking and I was so sad. And I hated, just absolutely hated,\nbeing who I was. Because I wanted to look like all of my classmates. Of course,\nwe were the only Japanese family. We were the only Japanese Americans, you know,\nin that school system.\n\nCAMPBELL: That must have been an interesting . . . I'm sure as you went along\nyou got to know other families . . . were there any other families ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that moved in?\n\nKOTO: Yes. My father had a chicken sexing business.\n\nCAMPBELL: Will you tell me about that?\n\nKOTO: Yes. And if you're from the South, you might know what a chicken sexer is,\nbut basically, minutes after the chicken is hatched, and I say minutes, you have\nto determine the gender of the chicken. If you don't, the sex organs of the\nlittle baby chick gradually get kind of sucked up into the cavity of the chicken\nand you won't know if you have a rooster or hen house until later on, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"until it\ngrows that little red comb. So, that was my father's job. But he had learned\nthat, he'd gone to chicken sexing school, of all places, after he got out of\ncamp. It was headed up by a Japanese man, because that . . . that particular way\nof determining the gender was, you know, created or founded by a Japanese man.\nSo that's what moved them to Georgia.\n\nCAMPBELL: I was going to ask how they moved . . .\n\nKOTO: Mm-hmm. Because it was the chicken capital of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"South and they knew that\nthey could get work instantly with that.\n\nCAMPBELL: I want to ask you a little, a few more questions about your parents'\nexperience in Heart Mountain. Did they, can you tell us about how they lived and\nwhat they'd actually, do you know what they did in camp? Or what--\n\nKOTO: A little bit.\n\nCAMPBELL: --and how many years they were there too, I was going to . . .\n\nKOTO: Both of them were about two and a half years there. The way they lived, I\nthink that was probably the most shocking thing because that was the thing that\nthey would ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"say most . . . about, their living quarters. But when they moved in\nthe barracks at Heart Mountain were made by freshly cut lumber and as you know,\nas the lumber seasons it shrinks, so by the winter, there were gaps, my mother\nsaid, and you could just . . . it was like windows, you could see out. And the\nsnow would come in. They had to work and shovel out their own latrines because\nthey didn't have any plumbing system. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because these people were moved in very\nquickly, they had to kind of make do with what they . . . you know, could make\non their own. She said it was so bad, like in the middle of the night, if you\nhad to go to the restroom, you had to get out of your barrack and walk in the\nsnow and, you know, out to the latrines. The rooms were long barracks. Army-type\nstructures. The way they divided the rooms was they would hang a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rope, you know,\nfrom one end of the building to the next or to the room and they would drape\nheavy blankets over it. You got a kerosene heater, a few chairs, little cots, a\nfew blankets, but that was basically, you know, what it looked like. They had a\nmess hall, you know.\n\nCAMPBELL: Did your mom live with her parents in one?\n\n KOTO:Yes.\n\nCAMPBELL: What were their names? I was going to ask your parents' names.\n\nKOTO: My ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"parents--my mother's name is, was Eiko Yokota before she married my\nfather. My father is Fred Tatsuo Koto.\n\nCAMPBELL: Did your father have a job inside the camp or was he somebody that was\nable to leave the camp?\n\nKOTO: They initially had little jobs, I think setting up . . . they were . . .\njobs were divvied up. Like you would work in the mess hall and you would do this\nand that. But gradually as you earned the trust of the leaders ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there you were\nable to go out and do work outside of the camp. My dad did sugar beet cropping.\nI'm not sure, but you know, you grab the top and then you cut the beets off. So\nhe worked in the farm, in the fields for that. Then my mother was in the tomato\ncanning factory within the camp.\n\nCAMPBELL: Oh, it was within the camp.\n\nKOTO: Yes, so, I guess they grew their own vegetables, after a while, after they\ngot settled, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and she was in that. Later on, she was able to go off, offsite as\nwell, when you earned the trust.\n\nCAMPBELL: Did your parents get married in the camp or did they wait until after\nthe war?\n\nKOTO: After the camp.\n\nCAMPBELL: After the camp.\n\nKOTO: After they were released.\n\nCAMPBELL: Your father . . . after the war, was your family able to leave\ntogether to move to Georgia, or did your father have to go first? How was that .\n. . I mean, how did he say, \"I'm going to go to Georgia and be a chicken sexer.\"\n\nKOTO: Yes, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was a lot of planning in that. They realized that they were\ngoing to be released so they were able to apply to different things. My father\nhad no skill, so he applied to chicken sexing school and he went there. I'm not\nsure, I think it's like six months. Then he applied to go to Georgia and they\nlet him because they didn't want them to return on the West Coast. So . . .\nbecause they didn't want them congregating. Because they were released early, in\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1944. So, my father went first and kind of scouted it out and then my mother\ncame and then they got married.\n\nCAMPBELL: Where did they settle in Georgia?\n\nKOTO: In Stone Mountain. That's a whole different dynamic for us. These are\npeople who had just come out of internment camp and then they're faced with the\nKKK [Ku Klux Klan]. I mean, you know, that's the home of the KKK. Back in 1944,\nSamuel Hoyt Venable, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the man who is credited with reviving the KKK, was less\nthan five miles from where my father lived. And so, it was very interesting, and\nas a young girl I remember my parents taking us to the mountain, because it was\nowned still by Mr. Venable, and we could see the crosses burning, you know, the\nKKK were freely and openly having their meetings and that was the law . . . I\nmean, I'm sorry, that was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"why Venable was credited that. Because he allowed them\nto do that on his personal mountain. Of course later on it was sold to the state\nbut growing up in the 1950s it was very, very blatant. We knew, and my father\nwanted us to see that. I don't think to scare us but to let us know, that, you\nknow . . . they didn't call it people of color back then, but to let us know\nthat we were not someone that they liked.\n\nCAMPBELL: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, were there many other people of Japanese ancestry living in Georgia?\n\nKOTO: No. In 1944, my parents were the 32nd and 33rd persons of Japanese\nancestry in the whole state. I think they were like the 18th and 19th in\nAtlanta. So growing up, it was black and white. Now, later on, as I said, my\nfather started a chicken sexing group and he brought 12 other ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"families, you\nknow, of Japanese ancestry, here. But other than that, you just didn't see\nanyone who was Asian, much less Japanese American.\n\nCAMPBELL: How did the Georgians treat you? Or the native . . . when your parents\nmoved were they welcomed? Was it, \"Who are these people?\" Or was it . . .\n\nKOTO: It was case by case. A sad story: my parents had gone into something like\nwhat a Waffle House would be, a little diner. They went to the counter ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and when\nthey went in, you know, people were suspended in space. Just to watch this\nfamily come in. But my parents ordered and my father being from Twin Falls,\nIdaho, had never seen grits, so he put sugar and cream because he was thinking\nit was cream of wheat. But . . . and so, the people were like guffawing, you\nknow like, \"Oh my gosh, what are these people doing?\" Then, they started up a\nconversation and realized, \"Oh, these people speak English.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that was fine.\nBut within minutes, an elderly Black man came in and he sat at the counter next\nto my mother. They gave him a menu and my mother happened to glance over and the\nprices were like five or ten times higher and so the man quietly folded the menu\nand said, \"Thank you,\" and he walked out. Everybody started laughing. It was at\nthat time my parents realized, \"Wow, we must be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"white, because they didn't laugh\nat us, and they didn't give us the overpriced menu.\" So it was a case by case\nthing. My parents sat at the back of the bus, literally, when they were first\nhere. Certain bus drivers would say, like, \"No!\" you know, \"Come on up!\" So,\nthey had to test the waters to see what color they were.\n\nCAMPBELL: Did . . . how would you describe their feelings about the internment,\ntheir ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"experience in the internment camp? Your parents.\n\nKOTO: About my personal feelings?\n\nCAMPBELL: Well, tell me about your parents' and then I want to hear yours.\n\nKOTO: Okay. My parents were, what I would say, typical Nisei, which is second\ngeneration Japanese. They accepted it. And it's that gaman, that, you know, they\nwill persist. They will endure no matter what. That's a second and first\ngeneration kind of feeling. So that's what they did. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They didn't complain. I\nmean, it was so sad for me to think that because I don't think that way at all.\nThere was no question, you did . . . you were only allowed to carry what you\ncould. That's it. You know, it wouldn't be like me going, \"Wait a minute, can I\ntake this?\" You know, no. You know, they accepted whatever they were told. I'm\nnot talking about just my parents, I'm talking about that whole generation and\ntheir parents' generation, which is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just . . . exemplifies the word gaman, for\nsure. I don't think it . . . gaman is not part of the third generation.\n\nCAMPBELL: I was going to, tell me your, tell me what you think about it?\n\nKOTO: I think it's, you know, totally unfair. It's so un-American. Our\ngeneration, we would have been so vocal about it. We would have resisted, we\nwould have protested. We would have said, \"This is unfair.\" I think there would\nhave been a lot of resistance and maybe violence too. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm not sure. But,\ncertainly we wouldn't have just been like little lemmings and just followed.\n\nCAMPBELL: I . . . where did your grandparents go after?\n\nKOTO: You know, it was sad. And I speak for most of the Issei, so first\ngeneration. My parents got out in 1944. Why? Because they were able to, you\nknow, get back into the swing of things and get jobs. But not my grandparents'\nage. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They were only like 50s, you know, 45, 50, 55. So it wasn't that old. But\nbecause they didn't speak English, they were not able to assimilate again. So\nthey were afraid, they did not want to leave camp. They had nowhere to go. As a\nmatter of fact, my grandparents stayed until the last day, until they kicked\nthem out. Then the government was like, \"Oh my gosh, what do we do with these\npeople?\" So my grandparents ended up living ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a trailer park with all of these\nother Isseis . . . they had to stay there for a couple of years until they could\nfind something else. Because they had nothing else to go home to.\n\nCAMPBELL: Did your . . . did they have other . . . did your family have other\nfriends that went back to Japan. Or said, \"I'm done. I'm not staying in America\nanymore.\" Or did most people . . .\n\nKOTO: Most people that I know of, Jennifer, stayed.\n\nCAMPBELL: Wow.\n\nKOTO: I think it was the pure economics of it that, you know, they didn't have\nthe wherewithal and the money to, you know, pack up ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and just leave. They were\nkind of stuck. Maybe later on, they did. Because I know a lot of people were so\nsad, you know, they felt like, you know, that they had been really kicked out of America.\n\nCAMPBELL: Tell me about your dad . . . your parents take on America as you were\ngrowing up.\n\nKOTO: You know it's funny, because you think that a man, and well, parents, had\nspent two and a half years in an internment camp, behind barbed wire, with, you\nknow, armed soldiers guarding. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You would think that they would be pretty bitter.\nBut as I referenced earlier, they had met in camp, and so they had this . . . a\nlittle bit of a romantic side to it. But they were old enough, 20 and 25, to\nknow what was going on. So they did not want the children to be bitter. They\ntried so hard, as a matter of fact, like I told you, it wasn't until five years\nold that . . . you know, because they didn't want us to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be tainted with this\nnegative feeling. And fast-forwarding, when I was in high school . . . now, it's\nkind of common, you see the American flag decal on things, but back in 1965 you\ndid not see an American flag decal on cars, but no, my dad did. And we were\nlike, \"Daddy, that is so corny. That's so goofball.\" You know but he would say,\n\"No.\" One thing he taught us and I think that is what has made me become who I\nam today, and accepting who I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"am today, it's because he said, \"The kids should\nalways be very respectful of Japan.\" Because that's where our grandparents are\nfrom, that's our, that's our blood. But he said, \"First and foremost, we should\nalways love and be proud of America and be proud that we're Americans.\" You\nknow, this is a man who could walk the talk after being in an internment camp\nfor two and a half years, so when you see that in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"somebody that you see every\nday, it was not hard to convince me that that was the right thing to do and the\nright way to feel.\n\nCAMPBELL: It's very inspiring. Thank you so much.\n\nEINSTEIN: Can I butt in?\n\nCAMPBELL: Yes.\n\nEINSTEIN: Do you think maybe that--let me go this way--do you think that maybe\nyour father felt, I mean, did they ever express the idea that interning the\nJapanese may have been justified?\n\nKOTO: Oh, okay. Will that question be on tape, or do you want me ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to start it . . .\n\nEINSTEIN: Go ahead.\n\nKOTO: Okay. I don't think my father ever felt . . . no, I know that my father\nnever felt that the internment was justified. As a matter of fact, he was part\nof the early JACL, the Japanese Citizens League, to push for the reparations, to\npush for the apology from the government. So while he loved America, I think\nmore than that he wanted fairness, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he knew that that was not right. And\nbeing an American citizen, he knew that that was wrong, that they took away his\nrights to do that. So, I think, of course he could be forgiving, and that's what\nyou saw with the flag decal on the car, but he also knew that it was wrong and\nhe never ever thought it was the right thing for the government to do. Even\nthough there was a lot of propaganda at the beginning and maybe some of it was a\nhint of truth, that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they rounded up the Japanese to protect them. But, you know,\nit sounds good, but he didn't buy into that.\n\nCAMPBELL: Did your . . . were your parents . . . or your family . . . they did\nget an apology from the government.\n\nKOTO: Yes, they did.\n\nCAMPBELL: And money?\n\nKOTO: Yes, and they got the reparation as well.\n\nCAMPBELL: Good.\n\nKOTO: Yes. And that was something very interesting because the apology came on a\nlittle, kind of a pinkish note, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it was signed, you know, by the president,\nand my father had it folded in his wallet. After he died, and when we were going\nthrough his things, it was in there. So you could see that it meant so much to\nhim to have this apology. It was bigger than the money, it was just that the\nAmerican government realized that they had done the wrong thing, but they had\ndone the right thing by apologizing.\n\nEINSTEIN: I had another question. Do you know what happened to your family's\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"personal property and what that experience was like for them to have to . . .\nbecause of course they were probably having to sell everything at rock bottom\nprices because everybody was leaving at the same time. Did they talk about that\nperiod very much and what happened?\n\nKOTO: Yes. Losing their property was one thing. Getting rid of it, selling it,\nwhatever, because of that short period of time, I know that they felt anger\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about that because they lost everything. I remember hearing, not directly from\nmy grandfather, but my grandfather would say that he had lost everything. But\nthe most important thing that they lost was my . . . he would have been my\nmother's little brother's urn of his ashes because they were not allowed to take\nanything more than what they could carry and my grandmother, at that time, had a\ntwo year old and she was still kind of in diapers and had bottles, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and my mother\nsaid they were all just, you know, holding all of the little two year old's\nstuff and that the urn was very heavy and the grandmother said, \"We'll leave him\nhere.\" They had hoped and they were told that, \"Oh you can recover some of these\nthings if you put them in these storehouses, warehouses, but they were never\nable to get it back. That was one thing that my grandmother and grandfather\nregretted to the very day that they died.\n\nEINSTEIN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Is there, are there any other stories that your parents may have\nrelayed to you when you were growing up? Other kind of snapshots of their life\nthere? Is there anything else you can tell us? Maybe what their social life was\nlike? There, I'm sure, are people who loved being in a totally Japanese American\nenvironment and it must have been sort of a shock when they left that.\n\nKOTO: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know, it's interesting because the dynamics changed within the family.\nWhen the grandparents, the parents, and the children all moved into the camp,\nbecause outside of the camp, when my grandfather, he was the, you know, the\nbreadwinner. But once they moved into the camp because of the lack of language,\nand they had no work that they could do anymore, the grandparents, that first\ngeneration, kind of just . . . not deteriorated, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they just sunk to a very\nlow. They were in the back playing games. But now my parents, this Nissei age,\nthey were vibrant still, they were young, and there was a lot of socialization\nwithin the camp. There were dances and there were clubs. There were Boy Scouts.\nMy father was in the judo club. So I think there was a lot of socialization as\nwell as work, so it wasn't like ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anything like what the Holocaust was. Nothing,\nnot, it just could not ever compare. But yet they were interned, they were kept\nwithin a barbed wire area. But there was a little city that was going on. They\nhad their own clinic, my mother was a school teacher at one time, teaching art,\nso they had, they made the best of what they could within that time and within\nthe spaces. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it was the first generation that kind of, kind of got left out,\nand that were moved to the side to playing bingo or whatever they did. And I\nthink that was a different dynamic for those three different generations.\n\nEINSTEIN: Does the Japanese American community now look at that experience as\nbeing a central . . . I mean, does it . . . is it a mantra, is it a central\nexperience that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everyone is taught about and thinks about and that informs their\nown sense of being an American at this point?\n\nKOTO: I think now, 2011, yes, I think the Japanese Americans are being more\neducated about the internment camps. But growing up, some of my peers had never\neven heard about it. And especially, mainstream, they had never heard about\ninternment camps. And I meet a lot of what I would call just regular Caucasian\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people, never had heard about it, when I'll mention a camp or internment camp.\nSo, within the Japanese American community, yes, we're getting it. The JACL is\ndoing a good job about educating us. Because it's something within our own\nculture and our past that we should know about. But still mainstream is . . .\nthey're slow in catching up because it's not something that's generally taught\nin school.\n\nCAMPBELL: Which is very interesting. Because I remember growing up ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I did not\nlearn about it. My daughter is now in her . . . seventh grade, they are starting\nto talk about it. That there's very few . . . that it's still not a mainstream\nthing that we talk about.\n\nKOTO: It should be in a way because I think it plays well with the word\ndiversity and that's what we're all striving for, and this multicultural nation\nthat we have. I think we should learn about our mistakes and learn about how to\nassimilate and work together.\n\nCAMPBELL: Thank you so much, I really appreciate it.\n\nKOTO: Oh, thank you.\n\nCAMPBELL: It was very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/transcript/44850/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nice.\n\nKOTO: Oh, thank you. It was wonderful working with you ladies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=1980.0,2010.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/annotation_set/1066","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/annotation_set/1066/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSachi Koto grew up in post World War II Georgia. Her grandparents were immigrants from Japan. During World War II, Sachi’s family was incarcerated by the US government, solely because they were Japanese American. Sachi’s parents rebuilt their lives in Georgia, where Sachi was born and grew up. After working as a CNN news anchor, Sachi founded Sachi Koto Communications, a public relations and communications firm, in the early 2000s. In 2021, Sachi received Japan’s Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Rosette, an award that recognized her work strengthening ties between Japan and the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/annotation_set/1066/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum in Atlanta celebrates and commemorates Jewish history, culture, and art through events and museum spaces. The Breman also contains the Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History, which houses thousands of manuscripts, oral histories, and photograph collections, related to Southern Jewish history and the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/annotation_set/1066/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e“The Art of Gaman: Arts and Crafts from the Japanese American Internment Camps 1942-1946” was a traveling exhibit, which was hosted at the Breman in 2012. While there, the Breman also incorporated the stories of local residents who had been themselves or whose families had been incarcerated in the Japanese American WWII concentration camps.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/annotation_set/1066/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFukuoka refers to both a prefecture and a city in Japan. Fukuoka (the city) is located on Hakata Bay and is a major metropolitan center in Japan. Fukuoka also refers to the Fukuoka Prefecture (the city is the capital of this prefecture).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/annotation_set/1066/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGunma is a prefecture in Japan. Maebashi is the capital city. Ken is the Japanese word for prefecture.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/annotation_set/1066/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAtlanta is the state capital of Georgia, United States. It is the largest city by population of Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/annotation_set/1066/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLos Angeles, a city in California, is the 2nd most populous city in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/annotation_set/1066/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTwin Falls is a city in the southern section of Idaho.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/annotation_set/1066/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePearl Harbor is located on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, and remains an active US Navy base. On December 7, 1941, Pearl Harbor was bombed by the Japanese military. In response, the United States declared war on Japan, thus bringing the United States into World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/annotation_set/1066/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Idaho, located in Moscow, Idaho, was founded in 1889. It is a public land-grant research university.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/annotation_set/1066/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGiven the context, the sentence should say that Sachi Koto’s grandmother spoke very little English.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/annotation_set/1066/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eExecutive Order 9066 was a United States presidential executive order issued during World War II. U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed it on February 19, 1942, authorizing the Secretary of War to remove people from certain military areas. Although its content did not specifically discuss Japanese Americans, in reality, Executive Order 9066 was used to force the relocation and incarceration of Japanese Americans to “relocation centers.” These “centers” were in fact prisons (now increasingly called concentration camps to reflect the targeted racism and forced incarceration endured by Americans of Japanese descent at these sites).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/annotation_set/1066/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHeart Mountain Relocation Center was one of ten “relocation centers” where in all over 110,000 Japanese Americans were incarcerated during World War II. These “centers” were in fact prisons (now increasingly called concentration camps to reflect the targeted racism and forced incarceration endured by Americans of Japanese descent at these sites). Heart Mountain was located in Park County, Wyoming and was subject to extreme weather conditions.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/annotation_set/1066/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eStone Mountain refers to a mountain near a city of the same name in northern Georgia. The mountain has an enormous carving of three Confederate leaders on its northern side. Stone Mountain is infamous as the site of the 1915 Ku Klux Klan revival, as well as other KKK activities. It was purchased by the State of Georgia in 1958.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/annotation_set/1066/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Ku Klux Klan is a white supremacist, white nationalist secret society, whose methods have included terrorism and murder. The group’s hatred is directed towards many groups, including African Americans, immigrants, and Catholic and Jewish Americans. It was founded in the South in the 1860s and has been revived several times, such as during the early twentieth century amid increased immigration and the mid twentieth century’s Civil Rights era. It is still in existence.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/annotation_set/1066/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Venable family is infamous due to their involvement with the early twentieth century revival of the Ku Klux Klan. They allowed the KKK to meet on the family property, Stone Mountain, which became an infamous site associated with this white supremacist hate group. As Samuel Hoyt Venable died in 1939, Sachi Koto may be referring to James R. Venable (1901-1993), who was a Georgia white supremacist and involved in the KKK as well.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/annotation_set/1066/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWaffle House is a restaurant chain with the majority of its locations in the American South and Midwest. The chain’s headquarters are in Norcross, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/annotation_set/1066/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThere are several terms, derived from the Japanese language, that describe Japanese immigrants and the succeeding generations. Issei is the first generation (the immigrant generation), Nisei is second generation (the American born children of immigrant parents), Sansei is the third generation, and Yonsei is the fourth generation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/annotation_set/1066/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAccording to the Smithsonian American Art Museum webpage for the exhibition, “The Art of Gaman: Arts and Crafts from the Japanese American Interment Camps, 1942-1946,” gaman is a “Japanese word that means to bear the seemingly unbearable with dignity and patience.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/annotation_set/1066/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThere are several terms, derived from the Japanese language, that describe Japanese immigrants and the succeeding generations. Issei is the first generation (the immigrant generation), Nisei is second generation (the American born children of immigrant parents), Sansei is the third generation, and Yonsei is the fourth generation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/annotation_set/1066/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1929, the Japanese American Citizens League (JACL) is a civil rights organization. Headquartered in San Francisco, California, the JACL has many chapters across the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=1530.0,1560.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/index/53132","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Koto, Sachi [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/index/53132/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family History ( Emigration from Japan; Starting a New Life in the United States)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=24.0,265.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/index/53132/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"--and I'm going to begin by asking you to please tell me a little about your family and where they were born.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=24.0,265.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/index/53132/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Agriculture","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Fukuoka, Japan","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gunma, Japan","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Immigration","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Los Angeles, California","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Railroads (United States)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Twin Falls, Idaho","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=24.0,265.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/index/53132/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Outbreak of World War II; Impact on Sachi Koto's Parents and Their Families","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=265.0,520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/index/53132/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, how old were your parents when Pearl Harbor was bombed?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=265.0,520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/index/53132/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"California, United States","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Executive Order 9066","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Japanese American Communities (World War II)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Japanese American Incarceration (World War II)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pearl Harbor","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Roosevelt, Franklin Delano (1882-1945)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"University of Idaho","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=265.0,520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/index/53132/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"US Government Incarceration of Japanese Americans and Life in Camp (Heart Mountain Relocation Center); Growing Up in an Asian American Family in Postwar Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=520.0,907.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/index/53132/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Your family . . . now, were both your parents and their family taken to Heart Mountain?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=520.0,907.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/index/53132/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Camp Life (Japanese American Incarceration - World War II)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Heart Mountain Relocation Center","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Japanese American Families (Postwar South)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Racism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=520.0,907.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/index/53132/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leaving Camp; Moving to and Living in the Segregated South","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=907.0,1194.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/index/53132/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Did your parents get married in the camp or did they wait until after the war?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=907.0,1194.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/index/53132/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Georgia, United States","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Japanese American Communities (American South)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ku Klux Klan","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Racism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Segregation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Stone Mountain, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=907.0,1194.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/index/53132/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":" Receiving Reparations from US Government; Impact of Incarceration on Japanese American Communities; Reflection on WWII Incarceration of Japanese Americans","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=1194.0,1985.686"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/index/53132/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Did . . . how would you describe their feelings about the internment, their experience in the internment camp? Your parents.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=1194.0,1985.686"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711/index/53132/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gaman","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Japanese American History Education","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Japanese American Incarceration (World War II)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Reparations (World War II)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/93490/file/189711#t=1194.0,1985.686"}]}]}]}