{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/r49g44j88z/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Gibian, Betty Rose Leva"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2012-01-23 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eBetty Rose Gibian was interviewed by Sandra Berman on January 23, 2012 in Selma, Alabama.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eBetty Rose \"Bo\" Leva was born in Selma, Alabama, in 1922. Her father, Jackson Leva, was born in Selma. Betty’s grandmother was born in Albany, Georgia, and her grandfather was from Rutesheim, Germany. Betty’s mother, Ray Naman, was from Waco, Texas. Both of her grandparents are buried in the cemetery in Selma, Alabama. Betty went to Byrd Elementary School, which was around the corner from where she lived as a child. She went to junior high and high school in Selma. She had many friends in her neighborhood and school. Most of the children in her school and neighborhood were Christian. Growing up, religion was an important part of her family life. Her family had Friday night dinner at home. They lit candles and said the blessing. She attended Sunday school as a child and was confirmed with Rabbi Jerome Mark. They celebrated Passover at the synagogue, Temple Mishkan Israel. They had Passover dinner and purim dances at the Harmony Club, a Jewish social club in Selma. Her father owned American Candy Manufacturing Company, a candy business in Selma, which started regionally and eventually expanded nationally and internationally. She married Richard Gibian in 1945. He worked in the family business. Betty and Richard had three daughters. Betty Rose Gibian passed away on December 28, 2012 at the age of 90, and her husband Richard died in 2015.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eBetty discusses growing up in Selma, Alabama. She recounts that her father, Jackson Leva, was from Selma. She describes her family as being part of an old community from Selma. She mentions that her grandparents are buried in a Selma cemetery. She talks about attending Byrd Elementary School, which was around the corner from where she lived. She describes living in a wonderful neighborhood and having a lot of friends from there. She talks about her friends from school and the neighborhood and that most of them were Christian. She describes that she did not feel as an outsider or different from the other children, except sometimes during the Christmas holiday. Betty describes religion as being important part of growing up and recalls having Friday meals at home, lighting candles, and saying blessings. She remembers Rabbi Jerome Mark and attending Sunday school at Temple Mishkan Israel. She tells of having Passover dinner and Purim dances at the Harmony Club, a Jewish social club in Selma. Betty talks about her father’s business, American Candy Manufacturing Company. She talks about living in Montgomery, Alabama, with her husband, Richard Gibian, and returning to Selma. Betty recalls her first date with Richard. She talks about Richard working in her father’s business and recalls names of candies. She recalls that her uncle was one of the founding members of the Jewish country club in Selma. She mentions that she was once a member of the National Council of Jewish Women and the work they did in the community. Betty mentions their three daughters. She relays how important the Selma community and the synagogue is to her and tells that she cherishes all her memories of living in Selma.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28005"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eBetty Rose Gibian was interviewed by Sandra Berman on January 23, 2012 in Selma, Alabama.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBetty Rose \"Bo\" Leva was born in Selma, Alabama, in 1922. Her father, Jackson Leva, was born in Selma. Betty’s grandmother was born in Albany, Georgia, and her grandfather was from Rutesheim, Germany. Betty’s mother, Ray Naman, was from Waco, Texas. Both of her grandparents are buried in the cemetery in Selma, Alabama. Betty went to Byrd Elementary School, which was around the corner from where she lived as a child. She went to junior high and high school in Selma. She had many friends in her neighborhood and school. Most of the children in her school and neighborhood were Christian. Growing up, religion was an important part of her family life. Her family had Friday night dinner at home. They lit candles and said the blessing. She attended Sunday school as a child and was confirmed with Rabbi Jerome Mark. They celebrated Passover at the synagogue, Temple Mishkan Israel. They had Passover dinner and purim dances at the Harmony Club, a Jewish social club in Selma. Her father owned American Candy Manufacturing Company, a candy business in Selma, which started regionally and eventually expanded nationally and internationally. She married Richard Gibian in 1945. He worked in the family business. Betty and Richard had three daughters. Betty Rose Gibian passed away on December 28, 2012 at the age of 90, and her husband Richard died in 2015.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBetty discusses growing up in Selma, Alabama. She recounts that her father, Jackson Leva, was from Selma. She describes her family as being part of an old community from Selma. She mentions that her grandparents are buried in a Selma cemetery. She talks about attending Byrd Elementary School, which was around the corner from where she lived. She describes living in a wonderful neighborhood and having a lot of friends from there. She talks about her friends from school and the neighborhood and that most of them were Christian. She describes that she did not feel as an outsider or different from the other children, except sometimes during the Christmas holiday. Betty describes religion as being important part of growing up and recalls having Friday meals at home, lighting candles, and saying blessings. She remembers Rabbi Jerome Mark and attending Sunday school at Temple Mishkan Israel. She tells of having Passover dinner and Purim dances at the Harmony Club, a Jewish social club in Selma. Betty talks about her father’s business, American Candy Manufacturing Company. She talks about living in Montgomery, Alabama, with her husband, Richard Gibian, and returning to Selma. Betty recalls her first date with Richard. She talks about Richard working in her father’s business and recalls names of candies. She recalls that her uncle was one of the founding members of the Jewish country club in Selma. She mentions that she was once a member of the National Council of Jewish Women and the work they did in the community. Betty mentions their three daughters. She relays how important the Selma community and the synagogue is to her and tells that she cherishes all her memories of living in Selma.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/098/014/small/Betty_Gibian.png?1619298098","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Gibian_Betty.mp4"]},"duration":1506.383,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/098/014/small/Betty_Gibian.png?1619298098","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/098/014/original/Gibian_Betty.mp4?1601574564","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":1506.383,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/transcript/19205","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Gibian, Betty [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/transcript/19205/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Today is January 23, 2012. I'm in Selma, Alabama, with Bo. Should I\nsay \"Bo\" for the purpose of the interview?\n\nGIBIAN: I'm Betty Rose Gibian.\n\nBERMAN: Betty Rose Gibian, who has agreed to participate in the Esther and\nHerbert Taylor Oral History Project of the William Breman Jewish Heritage and\nHolocaust Museum. I am Sandy Berman, the archivist with the museum. I'm really\nappreciative of you taking the time to participate in the interview. I'd like to\nstart by asking you to tell me a little bit about your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/transcript/19205/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"own background. When you\nwere born, also your parent's names, and how your family came to Selma.\n\nGIBIAN: Where do you want me to start?\n\nBERMAN: When you were born.\n\nGIBIAN: I was born April 30, 1922, in Selma at the Baptist Hospital.\n\nBERMAN: And your parent's names?\n\nGIBIAN: Ray Naman Leva was my mother.\n\nBERMAN: What was the last name?\n\nGIBIAN: Leva. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/transcript/19205/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"L-E-V-A. Her maiden name was Naman. She was from Waco, Texas. My\ndad was Jackson Leva. He was born here in Selma.\n\nBERMAN: When did the family first come to Selma? Your father's side.\n\nGIBIAN: I'm really not sure about the date. I do know that my grandmother was\nborn in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/transcript/19205/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Albany, Georgia. My grandfather came from Rutesheim, Germany. How this\ncame about . . . My grandparents are buried out at the cemetery. How that\nhappened, I don't know.\n\nBERMAN: Here or in Selma or in Albany?\n\nGIBIAN: Here in Selma.\n\nBERMAN: So they came before . . . did they come before the Civil War?\n\nGIBIAN: I don't know exactly when they did come.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/transcript/19205/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Whatever date, they've been here a very long time.\n\nGIBIAN: Right.\n\nBERMAN: You are part of the old Selma kind of community, right?\n\nGIBIAN: Yes. I guess.\n\nBERMAN: Yes. Let's talk a little bit about . . . what kind of work did your\nparents do . . . your father here in Selma.\n\nGIBIAN: He was in the manufacturing business, candy. He had a candy company.\n\nBERMAN: What was it called?\n\nGIBIAN: American Candy Manufacturing Company.\n\nBERMAN: Were they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/transcript/19205/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"competitors of the Norris Candy Company in Atlanta, do you know?\n\nGIBIAN: I have to ask my husband that. Norris Candy Company in Atlanta, was that\na competitor?\n\nRICHARD: Everybody is a competitor. I have heard of Norris Candy.\n\nGIBIAN: I have never heard of Norris Candy Company. You have, I'm sure.\n\nBERMAN: It was Jewish. It was \"Lowenstein,\" but they went by \"Norris.\" That's\ngreat, they were in the candy ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/transcript/19205/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"business. What about your grandfather? What\nbusiness was he in? Also the candy business?\n\nGIBIAN: No. Had a liquor store here, a whiskey store. I think at one point, they\nmay have had a men's clothing store. I'm not positive about that, but I do know\nthat they had a whiskey store here.\n\nBERMAN: And it was Leva?\n\nGIBIAN: Leva. L-E-V-A.\n\nBERMAN: Because I saw a picture of one of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/transcript/19205/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"jugs from the liquor business.\n\nGIBIAN: My cousin, Lynn, had it with her. I have two of those jugs.\n\nBERMAN: Did that go out of business because of prohibition?\n\nGIBIAN: That I couldn't tell you. I don't know.\n\nBERMAN: Did you work in the candy business growing up?\n\nGIBIAN: Not really, until I married Dick. He came over here and went in the\nbusiness with my dad. I helped him out ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/transcript/19205/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some.\n\nBERMAN: What was it like growing up in Selma in the Twenties for a young Jewish girl?\n\nGIBIAN: It was wonderful.\n\nBERMAN: Can you describe it?\n\nGIBIAN: How do you go about describing?\n\nBERMAN: Describe what you did on a regular basis, where you went to school, and\nsome of your activities.\n\nGIBIAN: I went to Byrd Elementary School, which was around the corner from where\nI lived. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/transcript/19205/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lived in a wonderful neighborhood with lots of friends, all of them\nChristian at that point. I mean, I had some Jewish friends too, but the\nneighborhood was . . . I had no Jewish friends in the neighborhood. Then I went\non to junior high school and high school. It was no different from anybody else\ngrowing up in Selma, as far as I was concerned.\n\nBERMAN: Did you ever ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/transcript/19205/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"feel as an outsider being Jewish?\n\nGIBIAN: I didn't feel an outsider, but I felt a little different. I don't think\nyou can help but feel a little difference there. In school during the Christmas\nholidays, I think I did feel a little difference.\n\nBERMAN: Did you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/transcript/19205/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"participate, or did your parents want you to participate in any\nof the Jewish social dances that were in the south, like Jubilee, Falcon, Holly\nDays, or Ballyhoo. Any of those?\n\nGIBIAN: I went to some of them. Yes.\n\nBERMAN: Can you remember which ones you went to and what the dances were like?\n\nGIBIAN: I actually didn't go until I married, or just before we married, to\nFalcon and Jubilee. In high ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/transcript/19205/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"school, I went over and visited in Atlanta and went\nto dances there.\n\nBERMAN: Were your parents trying to encourage you to date somebody Jewish or to\nmarry somebody Jewish by sending . . . ?\n\nGIBIAN: Not particularly date because that was limited, but I don't think I ever\nwould have considered marrying out of my faith. I just never . . . It was just\nset in stone, so to speak, that I was going to marry a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/transcript/19205/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nice Jewish boy.\n\nBERMAN: Was your religion important to your family in the home?\n\nGIBIAN: Very important to my mother. It was very important. On Friday night, we\nhad a special . . . the meal wasn't special, but we were at home for Friday\nnight dinner. We lit the candles and said the blessing.\n\nBERMAN: What about the other holidays? Did you celebrate Passover in the home?\n\nGIBIAN: Not in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/transcript/19205/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"home, but down here. Yes.\n\nBERMAN: That's what I've heard.\n\nGIBIAN: And at the Harmony Club when I was real young. That's where we had everything.\n\nBERMAN: Was the Harmony Club a Jewish Club?\n\nGIBIAN: Oh yes.\n\nBERMAN: What did you do at the Harmony Club?\n\nGIBIAN: My dad played cards there early on. We had Passover suppers there. We\nhad purim dances there.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/transcript/19205/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What happened to the Harmony Club? Did it merge and . . .\n\nGIBIAN: I don't know. Do you all remember when the Harmony Club . . .\n\nRICHARD: It was probably after the war.\n\nGIBIAN: I think it was before the war. I can't remember who bought it, maybe the\ncity. In high school, we used to have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/transcript/19205/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dances there. High school dances. It was\nnot a Jewish club then.\n\nBERMAN: It changed over.\n\nGIBIAN: Yes, it changed over. I don't remember how or when.\n\nBERMAN: The building is still standing, isn't it?\n\nGIBIAN: Oh yes. Have you not been there?\n\nBERMAN: No. Later today, I think.\n\nGIBIAN: Yes. You really need to go.\n\nBERMAN: That was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/transcript/19205/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mostly . . . that was a large part of your social life, the\nclub and the synagogue. Do you remember the rabbi who was here when you were\ngrowing up?\n\nGIBIAN: Rabbi Mark. Jerome Mark.\n\nBERMAN: Any relation to Rabbi Marx from Atlanta?\n\nGIBIAN: I don't think so. He left here. He went to Australia. They lived around\nthe corner from us. His two daughters were friends of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/transcript/19205/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"myself and my sister. My\nparents were real friendly with them.\n\nBERMAN: What was he like as a man? Do you have any memory of him?\n\nGIBIAN: No. I don't.\n\nBERMAN: I was wondering if he was stern or . . . ?\n\nGIBIAN: No. I don't remember that. I remember going to his house to play with\nhis daughter.\n\nBERMAN: What about Sunday school. Did you attend Sunday school?\n\nGIBIAN: We did.\n\nBERMAN: What was that like?\n\nGIBIAN: Like any Sunday ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/transcript/19205/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"school.\n\nBERMAN: Bible class, Bible study, and Judaic, you know. Whatever.\n\nGIBIAN: Whatever, yes. The only part of Sunday school that is vivid with me is\nwhen I first started. In the back room, it was kindergarten, I guess they would\ncall it today. I remember we had a sandbox on stilts, up this ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/transcript/19205/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"high, and playing\nwith the biblical figures in the sandbox. That's my memory of . . .\n\nBERMAN: That's a good memory. I wanted to talk to you a little bit about the\ncandy business. What kind of candy did the company make?\n\nGIBIAN: Hard candies, stick candy, and lollipops. Peanut brittle.\n\nBERMAN: Did you sell all through the south or was it national or regional?\n\nGIBIAN: It ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/transcript/19205/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was regional. Regional you'd call it to begin with, wouldn't you?\nThen we expanded and sold nationally and internationally.\n\nBERMAN: What were some of the candy brands? Would I know some of them?\n\nGIBIAN: There was a candy stick that was short and fat called \"Big Bo.\" My\nhusband did that. Then we had a King Richard. \"King Richard ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/transcript/19205/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Stick.\" Those were\nthe . . . I have to keep asking him about this.\n\nBERMAN: Big Bo and King Richard?\n\nGIBIAN: Yes. There were two of them.\n\nBERMAN: That is great. What would you consider . . . Did you have help in the\nhome? Domestic help?\n\nGIBIAN: Oh sure.\n\nBERMAN: Did you read the book The Help?\n\nGIBIAN: I did. And saw the movie.\n\nBERMAN: How ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/transcript/19205/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"true to life do you think that was?\n\nGIBIAN: You know, I've discussed this with all of my friends. I think a little\nof it was exaggerated, but it's hard to say, because you don't know what went on\nin other homes. I know what went on in our home, but I don't know . . .\n\nBERMAN: What are some of your personal memories of that relationship?\n\nGIBIAN: You mean as a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/transcript/19205/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"child or as an adult?\n\nBERMAN: Both, I mean early on and then later.\n\nGIBIAN: I had, I guess you would call, a mammy when I was growing up. I may\nstart crying talking about her.\n\nBERMAN: Take your time. What was her name?\n\nGIBIAN: Lucy.\n\nBERMAN: Her last name?\n\nGIBIAN: Jackson.\n\nBERMAN: Take your time.\n\nGIBIAN: I'm ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/transcript/19205/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sorry.\n\nBERMAN: No, no, it's emotional. I see that she meant quite a bit to you.\n\nGIBIAN: I'd rather not talk about her.\n\nBERMAN: Okay, okay. What about later on?\n\nGIBIAN: This is ridiculous.\n\nBERMAN: Let's stop for a minute.\n\nGIBIAN: All right. Okay.\n\nBERMAN: You were saying about The Help, in some cases you think it was\nexaggerated and some ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/transcript/19205/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cases . . .\n\nGIBIAN: Yes, I think a little bit maybe, but not in every home. I'm sure that it\nwas true.\n\nBERMAN: What about your other friends? Do they agree with you?\n\nGIBIAN: Some do and some don't. That's what I say, we've talked about it. Some\nfelt like it was exaggerated and, and some don't. It did change the way ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/transcript/19205/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I do\nthings. I'm ashamed of what we did. Now I hesitate to give left over clothes and\nthings to the lady who helps me now. I do it, but I do it in a different way, I\nthink, than the way I did.\n\nBERMAN: I think it was just part of the whole culture, and it was just . . .\n\nGIBIAN: Well it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/transcript/19205/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was. Looking back on it, it was not a good culture.\n\nBERMAN: Yes. What about within the business, did you have African-American employees?\n\nGIBIAN: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: Was that ever a problem?\n\nGIBIAN: No. It was never a problem that I know of. When you talk to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/transcript/19205/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dick, he can\ntell you more about that because he was down there. He can tell you a funny\nstory about it too.\n\nBERMAN: Did you belong to the country club?\n\nGIBIAN: Yes. We did.\n\nBERMAN: Was it ever an issue being Jewish at the country club?\n\nGIBIAN: This is interesting. My uncle, who was in the candy business with my\ndad, was one of the founding members of the country ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/transcript/19205/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"club. He gave my dad a\nmembership in the club. This was when it was first started. I never felt any\ndifferent over there. I mean, I grew up there with my friends. When we married\nand came back to Selma, there was a board that was . . . I won't say they were\nanti-Semitic, but a couple of the men on the board were anti-Semitic, and we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/transcript/19205/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"got\nblackballed. It was very traumatic because this was right after the war. Daddy\nhad taken Dick around when we came back . . . we lived in Montgomery for a few\nmonths after we married. When we applied for membership, Daddy took him around,\nintroduced him to all the board ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/transcript/19205/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"members, and then we were blackballed. But we\nwere not the only ones. There were three others blackballed at the same time,\nall Jewish. So my Christian friends went to work on it, and we got in. They said\nit was not anti-Semitic, they just didn't know him well ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/transcript/19205/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"enough.\n\nBERMAN: Even though your own grandfather was a founder.\n\nGIBIAN: Not my grandfather. My uncle.\n\nBERMAN: . . . uncle was a founder of the club.\n\nGIBIAN: It was very interesting.\n\nBERMAN: Did you end up feeling comfortable there after that?\n\nGIBIAN: Yes, because those men are gone.\n\nBERMAN: How do you describe the closeness . . . the Jewish community ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/transcript/19205/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was fairly\nsmall compared to other communities. Was it a close knit community?\n\nGIBIAN: The Jewish community? Very close, yes.\n\nBERMAN: Did you do a lot of things together besides at synagogue? Did you\nsocialize with one another?\n\nGIBIAN: My parents did. Actually, I socialized with some, but you stuck with\nyour class growing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/transcript/19205/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up. I mean, in school, your friends were your classmates.\nThere were no Jewish children in my class. I was friendly with some of the kids\nthat were ahead of me, but they were not my closest friends at that point.\n\nBERMAN: What about in the general community? Did you participate in different\norganizations and clubs in civic areas in Selma?\n\nGIBIAN: Say that again.\n\nBERMAN: Did you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/transcript/19205/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"participate in some of the civic associations or civic-minded\norganizations in Selma?\n\nGIBIAN: As an adult?\n\nBERMAN: Yes. As an adult.\n\nGIBIAN: Yes. I guess I did.\n\nBERMAN: Do you have an example of any of the ones? There were a lot for men,\nlike the Kiwanis and the Lions. Was there anything for women?\n\nGIBIAN: Not a civic club.\n\nBERMAN: Was there a garden club?\n\nGIBIAN: I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/transcript/19205/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"joined the garden club for a short time, but it wasn't for me. I got out.\n\nBERMAN: You weren't a gardener.\n\nGIBIAN: Not at that point. I was raising children.\n\nBERMAN: What about the National Council of Jewish Women? Were you a member of that?\n\nGIBIAN: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: What did the council do here in Selma?\n\nGIBIAN: We did a lot. We tested school children for hearing. We fed children. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/transcript/19205/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I\nhate to say, the mentally retarded, but disabled children. There was a place,\none of the churches, where they took them during the day, and we did meals out\nthere. My mother's group fed lunch every ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/transcript/19205/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"day to one of the schools. They fixed\nbig pots of soup and took their meals to them.\n\nBERMAN: You've spent most of your life living in Selma.\n\nGIBIAN: I have.\n\nBERMAN: You raised your children in Selma.\n\nGIBIAN: Right.\n\nBERMAN: Did you ever want to live anywhere else?\n\nGIBIAN: No. We lived in Montgomery for six ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/transcript/19205/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"months after we married. When Dick\nwas in business, that he wasn't happy with, my dad asked him to come over here.\nWe came back and been here ever since. Now when we go to Montgomery, he says,\n\"Let's go home. The traffic is too heavy over here.\"\n\nBERMAN: The city has obviously changed a lot in the time that you've lived here.\n\nGIBIAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/transcript/19205/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.\n\nBERMAN: How do you feel about the changes? I know that a lot of the main\nstreets, which had so many Jewish businesses . . .\n\nGIBIAN: It's sad. It's sad to drive down Broad Street and see all the businesses\nthat are gone because most of them were Jewish.\n\nBERMAN: What do you see for the future of Selma?\n\nGIBIAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/transcript/19205/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's a question I'd rather not try to answer. I mean, I just don't\nknow. I really don't know what I see for the future.\n\nBERMAN: What do you see for the future of this building and this temple or what\ndo you hope will happen?\n\nGIBIAN: Well I hope that somebody will take it over and do something with it.\nI'd hate to see a beautiful building like this destroyed along with all the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/transcript/19205/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"history that goes with it. But what I see. . . It depends on who comes along.\n\nBERMAN: Do any of your children live in Selma?\n\nGIBIAN: We have a daughter living here. One out of three.\n\nBERMAN: Why did she come back? It's just . . . because so many of the younger\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/transcript/19205/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people do not return.\n\nGIBIAN: Yes. Let's strike that.\n\nBERMAN: Okay. You don't have to. Getting back to the congregation, you're hoping\nthat somebody will take it over to have some kind of future. Can you describe\nwhat this synagogue means to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/transcript/19205/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you?\n\nGIBIAN: Well, I guess it means a lot to me. I remember as a child being in there\nand even as an adult with our children. I remember where everybody sat. You knew\nwho was singing the loudest, who was giggling, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/transcript/19205/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this was part of my childhood.\n\nBERMAN: And your adulthood.\n\nGIBIAN: And young adult. Yes.\n\nBERMAN: Well I'm hoping in some small way we can help rejuvenate it a little bit\nby doing these kinds of projects.\n\nGIBIAN: Yes. I was confirmed here, and my children were confirmed here.\n\nBERMAN: I want to get to your husband. I don't think that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/transcript/19205/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you . . . when did you\nmeet again?\n\nGIBIAN: Right after the war.\n\nBERMAN: How did you meet?\n\nGIBIAN: I visited a cousin of mine who was living in Montgomery.\n\nBERMAN: Where did you go on your first date?\n\nGIBIAN: Where did we go? I don't remember.\n\nBERMAN: What did he say?\n\nGIBIAN: What did you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/transcript/19205/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"say? That we parked somewhere?\n\nBERMAN: At any rate, the rest is history.\n\nGIBIAN: Right.\n\nBERMAN: And you got married.\n\nGIBIAN: You better strike that.\n\nBERMAN: No, that one is okay.\n\nGIBIAN: Oh lord.\n\nBERMAN: I think we're just about to conclude unless you can think of anything I\nmay have missed that you would like to talk about.\n\nGIBIAN: I don't think you've missed anything.\n\nAUDIENCE MEMBER: What is your fondest memory?\n\nBERMAN: I often ask that. What is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/transcript/19205/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one of your fondest memories of growing up\nhere and living here, a memory that you cherish.\n\nGIBIAN: That would be so hard to say, Sandy, because I really cherish all of\nthem. I really do. I'd love to do it all over again.\n\nBERMAN: I've discovered from interviewing all of you that you have a great love\nof your community and a great love of this ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/transcript/19205/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"synagogue. I appreciate very much you participating.\n\nGIBIAN: Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=1500.0,1530.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/annotation_set/161","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/annotation_set/161/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNorris Candy Company was established in 1910 by William, Frank, and Max Lowenstein in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/annotation_set/161/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFrom 1931 to the late 1950’s, courtship weekends in southern cities included Montgomery, Alabama’s ‘Falcon,’ Birmingham, Alabama’s ‘Jubilee,’ Columbus, Georgia’s ‘Holly Days,’ and Atlanta, Georgia’s ‘Ballyhoo.’  They were attended by college-age Jewish youth from across the South who participated in rounds of breakfast dates, lunch dates, tea dance dates, early evening dates, late night dates, formal dances, and cocktail parties, with the goal of meeting a “nice Jewish boy or girl” who might well become a spouse. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/annotation_set/161/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLighting the candles on Friday evening before sundown to usher in the Sabbath is traditionally done by women.  After lighting the candles the woman waves her hands over them, covers her eyes and recites a blessing:  “Blessed are You, Lord, our God, King of the universe, who has sanctified us with His commandments and commanded us to light Shabbat candles.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/annotation_set/161/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew: Pesach.  The anniversary of Israel’s liberation from Egyptian bondage.  The holiday lasts for eight days.  Unleavened bread, matzah, is eaten in memory of the unleavened bread prepared by the Israelite during their hasty flight from Egypt, when they had not time to wait for the dough to rise.  On the first two nights of Passover, the seder, the central event of the holiday is celebrated.  The seder service is one of the most colorful and joyous occasions in Jewish life.  In addition to eating matzah during the seder, Jews are prohibited from eating leavened bread during the entire week of Passover. In addition, Jews are also supposed to avoid foods made with wheat, barley, rye, spelt or oats unless those foods are labeled ‘kosher for Passover.’ Jews traditionally have separate dishes for Passover.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/annotation_set/161/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 1867, Selma Jews founded a Jewish social club called the Harmony Club.  The club erected a three-story brick building on Water Avenue in 1909. This building served as a social hub for the Jewish community, hosting dances, card games, billiards and other social functions. Non-Jews would occasionally rent out the space to host their events. In 1999, the abandoned building, which had become an Elks Club in the 1930s, was bought and renovated by a private owner and is now listed on the National Register of Historic Places.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/annotation_set/161/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA Jewish holiday that commemorates the deliverance of the Jewish people in the ancient Persian Empire from destruction in the wake of a plot by Haman, a story recorded in the Biblical book of Esther.  According to the Book of Esther, Haman planned to kill all the Jews, but his plans were foiled by Mordecai and his adopted daughter Queen Esther.  The day of deliverance became a day of feasting and rejoicing.  Some of the customs of Purim include drinking wine, wearing masks and costumes, and public celebration.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/annotation_set/161/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTemple Mishkan Israel was founded in 1867, with services held at the home of Joseph Meyer.  In 1870, the Reform Congregation Mishkan Israel was formally established.  Soon after its founding, Mishkan Israel affiliated with the Union of American Hebrew Congregations, the national organization of Reform Judaism. In 1876, the congregation began to rent an Episcopal church for its functions, and 16 years later, they acquired a parsonage and school house on Broad Street for Sunday school. The congregation built a permanent temple on that site. Ground was broken in June of 1899, and the building was completed in December of that year.  February, 1900, the synagogue was dedicated.  Although their membership was relatively small, Mishkan Israel was able to support a full-time rabbi. From 1885 through 1976, Mishkan Israel usually employed a rabbi, although its small size meant that most of their spiritual leaders did not stay in Selma for very long. From 1910 to 1930, the congregation reached a plateau of 80 members. Its membership peaked at 104 households in 1940. Since then, its membership has gradually declined. The congregation’s last full-time rabbi, Lothair Lubasch, died in 1976. In the early 20th century an Orthodox congregation, B'nai Abraham, located at the corner of Alabama and Green, was founded, but eventually disbanded due to declining membership in 1944. Its remaining members joined Mishkan Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=510.0,540.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/index/47241","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Gibian, Betty [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/index/47241/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family History","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=27.0,252.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/index/47241/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd like to start by asking you to tell me a little bit about your own background. When you were born, also your parent's names, and how your family came to Selma.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=27.0,252.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/index/47241/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"American Candy Manufacturing Company","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Baptist Hospital","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jackson Leva","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Norris Candy Company","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ray Naman Leva","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Selma, Alabama","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=27.0,252.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/index/47241/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Daily Life in Selma","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=252.0,392.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/index/47241/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Describe what you did on a regular basis, where you went to school, and some of your activities.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=252.0,392.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/index/47241/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ballyhoo","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Byrd Elementary School","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Falcon","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holly Days","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jubilee","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=252.0,392.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/index/47241/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Importance of Religion","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=392.0,422.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/index/47241/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Was your religion important to your family in the home?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=392.0,422.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/index/47241/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Holidays","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Passover","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=392.0,422.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/index/47241/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Harmony Club","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=422.0,509.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/index/47241/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And at the Harmony Club when I was real young. That's where we had everything.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=422.0,509.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/index/47241/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Harmony Club","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Passover","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=422.0,509.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/index/47241/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Social Life and Synagogue","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=509.0,610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/index/47241/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That was mostly . . . that was a large part of your social life, the club and the synagogue. Do you remember the rabbi who was here when you were growing up?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=509.0,610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/index/47241/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rabbi Jerome Mark","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rabbi Marx","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sunday School","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=509.0,610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/index/47241/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Candy Business","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=610.0,679.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/index/47241/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I wanted to talk to you a little bit about the candy business. What kind of candy did the company make?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=610.0,679.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/index/47241/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"American Candy Manufacturing Company","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=610.0,679.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/index/47241/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Help in the Home","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=679.0,882.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/index/47241/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Did you have help in the home? Domestic help?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=679.0,882.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/index/47241/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"African Americans","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Domestic Help","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Selma, Alabama","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Help","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=679.0,882.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/index/47241/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Country Club","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=882.0,1015.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/index/47241/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Did you belong to the country club?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=882.0,1015.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/index/47241/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anti-Semitism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Country Club","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=882.0,1015.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/index/47241/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Jewish Community","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=1015.0,1274.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/index/47241/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How do you describe the closeness . . . the Jewish community was fairly small compared to other communities. Was it a close knit community?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=1015.0,1274.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/index/47241/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Community","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"National Council of Jewish Women","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=1015.0,1274.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/index/47241/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Synagogue","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=1274.0,1405.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/index/47241/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What do you see for the future of this building and this temple or what do you hope will happen?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=1274.0,1405.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/index/47241/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Synagogue","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=1274.0,1405.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/index/47241/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Richard Gibian","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=1405.0,1506.383"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/index/47241/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I want to get to your husband. I don't think that you . . . when did you meet again?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=1405.0,1506.383"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014/index/47241/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Richard Gibian","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30043/file/98014#t=1405.0,1506.383"}]}]}]}