{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/qv3bz62f1k/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Ajlen, Lola"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2000-07-18 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Ajlen, Lola (b. 1926) (Interviewee)","Kent, John (Interviewer)","Einstein, Ruth (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Legacy Project"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eLola Ajlen was interviewed by John Kent and Ruth Einstein on July 18, 2000 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eLola Zawada Ajlen was born in Pabianice, Poland on March 22, 1926. Her father owned a factory and Lola enjoyed a very comfortable childhood until 1939. After the occupation of Poland by Germany, thirteen year old Lola, her father, and sister were deported to slave labor in Germany. Lola worked on a farm in Spreewald and slept in the henhouse. She was punished several times with a stay in a prison cell. Once, she had to stand in water for two weeks.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAfter liberation, Lola returned on foot to her family home in Pabianice, which had been largely destroyed during the war. Her mother, grandmother and a younger brother had survived the war in Pabiance. After recovering her health, Lola graduated from high school, completing two classes in a year. She soon found a job. After a while, her father and sister also returned from slave labor in Germany. However, due to the difficult living conditions in Pabianice, the family moved to Bielawa. They all got jobs at a factory and her father became a foreman. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1946, in Bielawa, Lola met her future husband, Henryk Ajlen (1923-1991). Henryk was also a survivor, from Tomaszow, Poland, and worked in a factory. After their marriage in 1947, the Ajlens moved briefly to Lubania, and then to Żary, where four children were born to them. In 1950, Henryk and Lola tried unsuccessfully to leave Poland. It was only in 1969, that the authorities allowed them to leave. The family first went to Vienna and then to Rome, waiting for all immigration formalities to be completed. In 1970, the Ajlens came to America.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eWhen they first arrived in the United States, the Ajlen family live in Pittsburgh. Upon his arrival, Henryk had health problems and was hospitalized. Lola got a job in a factory, she also earned extra money as a cleaner. After seven years, Lola and Henryk moved to Atlanta to be closer to Halina's daughter. \u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eLola provides a brief introduction to her life before the war. She talks about being sent to slave labor of a farm in Germany, where she endured manual labor while starving. She recalls being sent to prison multiple times by the farmer as punishment. Lola recounts the final days of the war, when she hid with others to escape the Germans killing them. She relays a story about the farmer’s wife bringing poisoned food for Lola and the others. Lola talks about walking home from Germany and reuniting with her family. She discusses the desire to emigrate. Lola remembers the challenges her family faced in trying to find shelter, food and jobs after the war. She describes her physical recovery after the war. Lola offers her thoughts on religion. She recalls the discrimination she witnessed under the communist government and her father’s disillusionment with Poland. Lola talks about returning to Germany and forgiveness. She remembers the other slave laborers on the farm with her. Lola talks about building a new life with her husband after the war. She recounts how the Jewish community helped them and her children. Lola recounts her family’s immigration to the United States. She relays the kind of financial challenges and health issues they faced. Lola explains why she and her husband moved to Atlanta. She recalls the challenges of learning English and relating to Americans about her experiences. Lola tells how she met her husband and his experiences during the war. Lola considers how her life would have been different without the war. She shares her pride in her children. Lola talks about returning to Poland for visits. Lola gives her opinion of Israel. The interview ends with Lola’s hopes for her children and grandchildren.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28920"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Ajlen, Lola (b. 1926) (personal name)","Ajlen, Henry (1923-1991) (personal name)","Hitler, Adolf (1889-1945) (personal name)","Gomulka, Wladyslaw (1905-1982) (personal name)","ORT (Association for the Promotion of Skilled Trades) (corporate name)","Montefiore Hospital (corporate name)","Jewish Federation of Greater Pittsburg (corporate name)","Pabianice, Poland (geographic term)","Bielawa, Poland (geographic term)","Lubania, Poland (geographic term)","Lodz, Poland (geographic term)","Zary, Poland (geographic term)","Poznan, Poland (geographic term)","Siberia, Russia (geographic term)","New York, United States of America (geographic term)","Pittsburg, Pennsylvania (geographic term)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","Israel (geographic term)","World War II (topical term)","Nazis (topical term)","Gendarmerie (topical term)","Schutzstaffel (SS) (topical term)","Red Army (topical term)","Brandenburg Gate (topical term)","Immigration and Nationality Act (topical term)","Anti-Semitism (topical term)","Holocaust (topical term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eLola Ajlen was interviewed by John Kent and Ruth Einstein on July 18, 2000 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLola Zawada Ajlen was born in Pabianice, Poland on March 22, 1926. Her father owned a factory and Lola enjoyed a very comfortable childhood until 1939. After the occupation of Poland by Germany, thirteen year old Lola, her father, and sister were deported to slave labor in Germany. Lola worked on a farm in Spreewald and slept in the henhouse. She was punished several times with a stay in a prison cell. Once, she had to stand in water for two weeks.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAfter liberation, Lola returned on foot to her family home in Pabianice, which had been largely destroyed during the war. Her mother, grandmother and a younger brother had survived the war in Pabiance. After recovering her health, Lola graduated from high school, completing two classes in a year. She soon found a job. After a while, her father and sister also returned from slave labor in Germany. However, due to the difficult living conditions in Pabianice, the family moved to Bielawa. They all got jobs at a factory and her father became a foreman.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1946, in Bielawa, Lola met her future husband, Henryk Ajlen (1923-1991). Henryk was also a survivor, from Tomaszow, Poland, and worked in a factory. After their marriage in 1947, the Ajlens moved briefly to Lubania, and then to Żary, where four children were born to them. In 1950, Henryk and Lola tried unsuccessfully to leave Poland. It was only in 1969, that the authorities allowed them to leave. The family first went to Vienna and then to Rome, waiting for all immigration formalities to be completed. In 1970, the Ajlens came to America.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eWhen they first arrived in the United States, the Ajlen family live in Pittsburgh. Upon his arrival, Henryk had health problems and was hospitalized. Lola got a job in a factory, she also earned extra money as a cleaner. After seven years, Lola and Henryk moved to Atlanta to be closer to Halina's daughter.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLola provides a brief introduction to her life before the war. She talks about being sent to slave labor of a farm in Germany, where she endured manual labor while starving. She recalls being sent to prison multiple times by the farmer as punishment. Lola recounts the final days of the war, when she hid with others to escape the Germans killing them. She relays a story about the farmer\u0026rsquo;s wife bringing poisoned food for Lola and the others. Lola talks about walking home from Germany and reuniting with her family. She discusses the desire to emigrate. Lola remembers the challenges her family faced in trying to find shelter, food and jobs after the war. She describes her physical recovery after the war. Lola offers her thoughts on religion. She recalls the discrimination she witnessed under the communist government and her father\u0026rsquo;s disillusionment with Poland. Lola talks about returning to Germany and forgiveness. She remembers the other slave laborers on the farm with her. Lola talks about building a new life with her husband after the war. She recounts how the Jewish community helped them and her children. Lola recounts her family\u0026rsquo;s immigration to the United States. She relays the kind of financial challenges and health issues they faced. Lola explains why she and her husband moved to Atlanta. She recalls the challenges of learning English and relating to Americans about her experiences. Lola tells how she met her husband and his experiences during the war. Lola considers how her life would have been different without the war. She shares her pride in her children. Lola talks about returning to Poland for visits. Lola gives her opinion of Israel. The interview ends with Lola\u0026rsquo;s hopes for her children and grandchildren.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/167/051/small/Ajlen_Lola.mp4_1663341637.jpg?1663341638","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Ajlen_Lola.mp4"]},"duration":3284.281,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/167/051/small/Ajlen_Lola.mp4_1663341637.jpg?1663341638","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/167/051/original/Ajlen_Lola.mp4?1663341634","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":3284.281,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Ajlen, Lola [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KENT: Today is July 18th in the year 2000. We are in Atlanta, Georgia. What\nis your name and spell it please?\n\nAJLEN: Lola. L-O-L-A. A-J-L-E-N.\n\nKENT: Where are you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from?\n\nAJLEN: Originally from Poland.\n\nKENT: What city?\n\nAJLEN: Pabianice [Poland].\n\nKENT: When were you born?\n\nAJLEN: Three twenty-two twenty-six [March 22, 1926].\n\nKENT: You are 78?\n\nAJLEN: Four.\n\nKENT: Seventy-four. Let us just start in from your earlier days. Can you\ndescribe what your family was like and the little town where you grew up?\n\nAJLEN: My father was working ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a factory until 1939. We have a big shop to\nbuilding stuff, and coal, and wood, and everything. Until 1939, I was very rich\ngirl--very rich in Pabianice--but after 1939, they damaged my house, they took\nfather to the Germany, sister to Germany, and me, but all ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"three in different\nplaces. Father was in [unintelligible], sister was in Hanover [Germany] and I\nwas in Spreewald [Germany]. Over wartime, was not easy. I suffered lots. I have\nto tell the story about the war times?\n\nKENT: As much as you would like to.\n\nAJLEN: Can't.\n\nKENT: Would you like to talk more about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before the war, those first few years of\nyour life?\n\nAJLEN: One year, they took me to one couple who don't have children and the\ntreat me very good, like person. But later, the government discover I don't have\nenough work for slave. They took me from that parents, those people to another\npeople to another very big job. I have to milk the cow, make the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"butter peak,\nmake by the horses everything that was possible. Was still not enough, but the\nimportant thing I was always hungry. I have to steal their food. I eat all the\nvegetables what was possible outside in the country? I steel all the fruit, all\nthe vegetables--carrots, cabbage, everything--because I was hungry. Come to the\ntime when I steal the food. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He talked to the German Gendarmerie and they came\nand took me to prison. I was waiting two weeks in a prison and the let me go. I\nwas happy. I said, \"Maybe now they will change me the people. I will go to\nanother family,\" but they doesn't. I was still in the same family and come to\nthe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time when I was weak, and tired, and I couldn't work. And he came. And I\nreally my house was a chicken house. I have only bed, [a] little stool for put\nmy clothing only on it, and nothing else. He came every for every day, 4:00 in\nthe morning and he wake me up. At that time, he told me, he wake me ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up. I\nanswered him, bu I was not sure. Because I maybe I was too tired to talk to him,\nbut he left and I was tired. I didn't stand up, I didn't wake up and I didn't go\nto work. He came second time and he said, \"Lotta, I call you to work. Why you\ndidn't come to work?\" I was so tired. I told him, \"I cannot work because I am\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tired and hungry.\" He don't believe it. I am Polish. I came here to work. I was\nslave. He doesn't believe it. He called again the SS. [The] SS can and they took\nme again. I was thinking, because I was on front and they follow me and that\ntime, I was thinking they will kill me because they said, \"Polish girls don't\nwant to work what we have to do with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that.\" I was sure, hundred present [that]\nthey will kill me, [that that is why] they let me go on front, but they're not.\nThey took me in prison for two weeks water till here. All of my hard shoes and\nall of my clothing just went out. Two weeks I stay in the water. Every second\nday, I receive soup from beets, leaves, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or some something in Polish. I don't\nknow the [English] language name, but anyway, some nasty vegetable. Every second\nday, I have to go. The bed was with no pillow, nothing. only like in prison, but\nwith nothing on it, only the stool over there and I have to go pick up the soup.\nI have to go jump on the bed, go through the water to the window and pick up the\nsoup, so I don't want to. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came out after two weeks very weak. Again, to the\nsame people. I was sure maybe after this, they will take me. The government will\nsee how bad they are to me, but later I became little older. All in my country,\nthe only place where I stay the people started talking. [They said], \"He treats\nLola not good. That dude, he don't give her food. She's not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"strong enough.\"\nThese people start to talk, you know? Finally, time came that the government\nfrom this subdivision, talk to the people and they said, we have to feed Lola,\nthen she will survive. If not, she will not. Between the German people, there\nwere some good people, too. Every second day, the people discussed between them\nand every second day. I have a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"somebody else came and bring me food. Then, I\nbecame stronger and stronger, but he still tried to find something wrong with\nme. But I was only 13, 14, 15 beginning from 13 years. He still expect\nsomething. I don't know what, but anyway, I survived. I was five times in prison\nover the time, but still till the end I was with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him until there start to be war\nagain. Then, we . . . some people from the subdivision that have a government\nhave an order. Everybody have to kill the on people who working for them. One\nlady came because her husband was in the Navy in Armenia, German Army. She has\none man--Polish man, who was already in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Polish Army, before he was adult\nperson. She told him, \"You know what, Stanislaw? You have to go and warn the\npeople from the subdivision, because everybody is supposed to kill their own\npeople who is there.\" He ran from house to house [warning everyone that they]\nhave an order to stand up in one place with us. Everybody [met] in one place\nbecause we have to run ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"away. We met each other in one country house behind our\nsubdivision. Everybody came then, and we stay, and waiting for the result, who\nwill come, Russian or American. We don't know who will come to us finally. She\ntried--my lady from my house--to kill all of us. She prepared poison food for\neverybody. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She cook something in a jar with like potato or something like this\nin a jar and she brought me the stuff and she came to us and I was hiding up\nthere in somewhere, some storage or something and they call me, \"Lola. Lola, you\nowner come here.\" I said, \"Oh, I'm surprised. She said, \"Lola, yeah, I brought\nyou some food. I said, \"Food?\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Something like, hit me, because all the time, all\nthe years I was there, she never fed me. Now she came with the food to me? I was\nreally surprised, but I know something, because I always listened to my father.\nHe said, \"Lola, when you don't understand something, let them repeat. In that\ntime you can concentrate and you can pick up your words what you want to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"say.\" I\nsaid, \"What is it? What is it?\" She said Lola, \"I brought you some food.\" At\nthat time, like something hit me in my head. I said, \"Ah-ha, now, I have a\nwarning from my father.\" I came down from the stairs and she stay with the big\n[unintelligible, 10:22] on the front with full glass jars food. She came. She\nsaid Lola, \"I brought food for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everybody.\" I said, \"Okay. Okay, Mrs. Clauk.\nOkay.\" I took her finger from the [unintelligible, 10:38] and the all the\nglasses fall down and all that. Everybody jumped on me. [They] said, \"Lola, she\nbrought us so much food, and you throw it away?\" I said, \"You will see after a\nfew minutes. This is poison.\" It was really poison. I said, \"If this is poison,\nafter few minutes, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will be green.\" Was really poison. She came. She want to\npoison us, everybody, but I was smarter. I was younger over there from all the\npeople. We have 18 people over there and I was the youngest and the smartest\nthat time. But this was our school for future. Because when Russia occupied us,\nwe have to run. Everybody want to run to go ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"home. We want to run, also. We take\nsome . . . like wagon, but little wagon with four wheels. We run. We took our\nclothing, only not much. We run, we walk from Spreewald to Poznan, to Poland. We\nwalked all of Germany. Each time, we stopped in some German house ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to rest, we\nfound out food in the basement--lots of food--but everything wasn't jar because\nthey cannot take, because this is heavy and everything. Soon as we got to the\nbasement, they ask me, \"Lola, come see if this is poison.\" I said, \"Just open\nand you will see. It will be green, it will be poison.\" This what we learn all\nour way. We came to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Poznan, we work, but I was a dead completely [because of]\nhow many miles we walk. We walked exactly through Berlin. I saw the Berlin,\nwhere they sign the paper in Berlin. I've been over there and the Brandenburg\nplace. Then we walk to Poznan. In Poznan, the train was not still not working.\nThere was only military ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trains, not people. I was standing on the step and I was\ntired. My hand was tired, weak. The adult people say, \"Lola, stick more to the\ntrain because you will be killed,\" because this was the something around the\ntrain. They said, \"Lola, you will be kill. Stick to the train.\" Finally, we got\nover there and I came to Lodz. Lodz ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is Polish. This one [city] is 16 kilometers\nfrom my city. Pabianice is big city, but Lodz is bigger. We came to home and I\ndon't know where . . . My house is not there. I ran on the street. I said maybe\nmy grandfather or my grandmother is somewhere and I ran over there and I want to\nask people, \"Where is my mother? Where is my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"father?\" I know my father was in\nGermany. My sister was in Germany. I said, \"Only mother with the small boy.\" I\nran and I ask, \"Do you see my mother? Do you see my mother?\" They said, \"Your\ngrandmother is there. Go ask.\" I run to my grandmother and I asked her. I said,\n\"Where is my mother live now?\" She said, \"Over there in the window.\" I knock the\nwindow and was exactly 9th of May, when ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Germans signed the capitulation. I\nknocked the window. My mother opened me door. She said, \"Lola, is you?\" I said,\n\"Yes.\" Then, she said, \"Now, you came the first because father and sister is\nstill not here.\" I came the first and was very hard. We don't . . . We have only\none room. I don't know if it was [even as] big like this [room], because they\nruined our house ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over war time. Then finally, I said, \"Mamushka, we can work\nsomewhere. We need money. We cannot live like this. We have to work.\" I don't\nknow anything. I was only 13 year old. I run to school. I make two class in one\nyear. I make high school and I went to work. I help mommy working and we both\nwas working because father was waiting for the train. Sister was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"waiting for the\ntrain, and I walked. That's why I came early. I started working. After this, my\nfather came and my sister came, but was not enough work over there for the\npeople who came back. My father said, \"I sign. I go to a [formerly] German\noccupied place, because there is lots of to do,\" so we moved to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bielawa. All in\nmy family, we came to Bielawa. We work over there in a factory. My father was\nthe supervisor, the boss, over there because he knows this stuff, but I was only\nworking on machines. We make living over there. We got . . . like, we occupy the\nstuff over there. We have a first right to pick ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"house a from Germany because\nthere was empty houses over there. We pick out beautiful corner house. We have a\nbeautiful house. Over there, I met my husband, Henry Ajlen. We move from Bielawa\nto Zary. We moved to Zary. No, first to Lubania. In Lubania, we got married,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because my father go to Lubania again. In Lubania, I got married with my husband\n[in] 1947. Then, we move from Lubania to Zary. In Zary, I have all of my four\nchildren. This is my story. Then, from Zary we moved. We are immigrant to\nAmerica because they said all the Jewish people can go. We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"applied to America\nfrom 1950 because my husband's sister went to Israel in 1948. She was\n[unintelligible]. She went to . . . She even don't have a house at that time.\nShe sleep outside with all the [unintelligible; 17:49], to whatever is. Then, my\nmother-in-law went to Israel. We apply from 1950 to Israel. We want to go with\nthem. But every time we apply for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"paper to go to Israel, every time they told\nus, \"No, paragraph for you. You cannot go.\" Until 1950, when I delayed, [they\nwould not] let us go. I have a big operation in 1955 and I could not go after\nthe operation. I was too weak. I cannot go. We answered, \"We cannot go now.\"\nLater, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when [Wladyslaw] Gomulka came, in 1969, they opened the border. They\nsaid, \"All the Jewish people can go out,\" so we applied that time. At that time,\nwe went out from Poland. [In] 1969, we applied to go to America. We went to\nVienna [Austria for] nine days. Then, we stayed in Rome six and a half months\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"waiting for visas, because America said, \"Is over this year.\" We have to wait\nfor next year. We became America. In 1970, we came to America. What else do you\nwant to know?\n\nKENT: How much contact did you have with your family throughout the war?\n\nAJLEN: Throughout the war, none.\n\nKENT: When you saw your mom, that was the first time in 6 years?\n\nAJLEN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.\n\nKENT: Talk about the days right after the war, then. What was it like going\nback? How did the locals treat the survivors at the time?\n\nAJLEN: Very bad. People was very friendly, but was looking for everything, for\nclothing, for food, for job, for everything. There was not jobs, none, zero.\nEverybody have to run because was no jobs, nothing, because it was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"damaged,\neverything. Pabianice was very big suffered after wartime. The Germans ruined\nall the city. [It] was very bad. That's why we run to Bielawa. Because, over\nthere, they opened our hearts over there. They said, \"We have a job for you.\"\nThat's when we went over there. My father said, \"I have four children. I have to\nrun away to bring the food on the table.\" That's why we went on to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bielawa.\n\nKENT: Your family have been fairly wealthy before the war.\n\nAJLEN: [Yes.]\n\nKENT: What was it like for you to deal with manual labor and hunger?\n\nAJLEN: Very bad. We have lots of money when the war started. We have lots of\njewelry, lots a good clothing, everything because we have a big factory before\nwartime. After this, my mother have her room like half of this room of six\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people. That's why when my father have the opportunity to make the living\nbetter, that's why he left from Poland to Bielawa.\n\nKENT: Do you have any other particular memories of that war period that stay\nwith you?\n\nAJLEN: I have lots of bad memories. I suffered a lot. I have to hiding. When the\nbombs came down, I was sleeping in cemetery with the all the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rest [of the]\npeople over there. We were hiding whatever we can. I saw how the [Adolf] Hitler\nkilled the children in a train. I saw lots and lots of bad things. I have not\ngood memory from this time. I suffered a lot. I was very sick after I came to\nPoland. I was very sick. I have infection [in] my both legs. I can't walk. I\nhave here an infection to my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ears. At that time, they cannot make operation\nbecause doctor said, \"You have to have Penicillin for this.\" This was after\nwartime. There was no Penicillin. My mother do for me everything what people\ntold her to do. He [the doctor] put me some compressor over here. The infection\ngo from here till my ears and came out from my ears. I survived. Because\noperation was impossible at that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time, I suffered lots, too much.\n\nKENT: What were you like as a young person? How would you describe yourself?\n\nAJLEN: I think for this what I suffer, I am strong. I am very strong and I learn\nlots from this life. This life--the hard life--teached me lots. That's hard.\n\nKENT: What have you learned that you want pass on?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"AJLEN: Only be stronger and believe in something. I was . . . At time, I don't\nbelieve in nothing, because I pray to G-d, nobody listened to me. I suffer so\nmuch and I pray to G-d. Everybody say, \"Pray. Pray.\" I don't know what language\nand to which G-d I pray, but nobody come help me. How much I survived, nobody\ncame help me. How I can have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a good memory from this time? If I will see the\npower from the pray . . . [if] somebody will come help me, and help the other\nchildren who suffer so much, and other people, then I will believe.\n\nKENT: What did your Jewishness mean to you when you were growing up?\n\nAJLEN: Hard, because these people really suffered lots. These people really have\nsuffering lots. Is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bad, but we hope will be better.\n\nKENT: Talk about what life was like under the communist government.\n\nAJLEN: Oh, gosh!\n\nKENT: [You were there] twenty years after the war still.\n\nAJLEN: Very not . . . It was not good. They treat not good people. There was . .\n. Who was in party, he who was in Communist party was okay, but those who\ndoesn't suffer. How many times they told me in the work when I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"working, \"Oh,\nI have to open window because the onion stinks,\" because Jewish people eat\nonions. The think everybody eats onions. [She said,] \"I have to open window.\"\nShe was very communist. She said, \"I have to open window because the onion\nstinks.\" I said, \"Your alcohol stinks; not my onion.\" Yes, it was bad. You don't\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have any better job. You cannot have. If you're not in Communist party, you\ndon't have a good job. You don't have a quality like supposed to be because you\ndon't belong to them what they want. I don't want. I was good worker. I was\nthinking, \"They have to pay me for my job, not for this where I belong, and what\nI'm doing, right?\" That was not like this.\n\nKENT: How much did you know of what was going on around you, when you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were\nyounger and things were getting bad in Poland? Did you follow politics at all or\nknow what was happening?\n\nAJLEN: Not my father used to belong to . . . He was . . . All of my life, how\nlong I remembered, in 1939, he was always military men. After the war, he said,\n\"No, I will be not, because I fight for different country; not for this ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what is\nnow.\" He said,\" I am not anymore. This what I used to be. I believe in different\nthings.\" He give the ID card back. He said, \"I'm not belong anymore to you.\" He\nwas working in factoring and we survived.\n\nKENT: How are you different after the war? How did that change you?\n\nAJLEN: Really, like person, not change me, because I am the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"still the same,\nalthough there may be many more experience. I think all of my life, I was good\nfor people and I am friendly to everybody. I don't think that's changed me. When\nyou good person, you always good, before war, after war. Over wartime, when the\nRussian came to my city, to my country, my world over there, when I was working.\nEverybody else ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said, \"Lola, Tell them. They will kill you, honor,\" because he\nwas so bad to me. I said, \"Please don't. He will suffer after this. He will\nsuffer.\" Everybody said, \"Lola, they should kill him. They should kill him.\" I\nsaid, \"No, he will suffer.\" I don't let them. I don't know, but I went over\nthere. I went over there to visit them, my place over there where I worked,\nafter wartime. One day, I went to visit ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Poland and my son-in-law said, \"Mamusia\n[Polish: Mommy], do you want to go to this place, what you used to be at\nwartime?\" I said, \"I want to go. I want to see, really.\" We went over there. I\nwent to the government over there. I have a paper from over there. I was working\nso many years. I have a paper from this. I found the owner's daughter over there\nin this country. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We talked and she make big party for us. I went with my\ndaughter and my son-in-law and they make big party. She said, \"Lola, I apologize\nto you for my father because I know how bad my father was to you. I apologize.\"\nShe said, \"Now is better time. We in better time now. Maybe I can help you\nsomething.\" I said, \"What you can do?\" She was in different city completely . .\n. only when she came for a few days to [visit with] her ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"parents. How she can now\nhelp me? But I went to the government and I have a paper from them.\n\nKENT: I am curious. That woman who tried to poison you . . .\n\nAJLEN: No, this was the mother from the people who are there, after.\n\nKENT: Did you have any sense . . . Did they want to do that because they were\nordered or was it . . .\n\nAJLEN: They have it bad. You know, every Thursday they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have a meeting with\ngovernment from this from this country. They always told them, \"Don't treat them\n[bad] and other people good. Don't do this to them. Don't do this . . .\" Maybe\nshe was not really bad. She may be one to help me, she will, but he was awful.\nHe was. He had another two people, who was one ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Frenchman, and one man from\nCrimea. [It] was two men and me.\n\nKENT: Do you remember any names?\n\nAJLEN: One was Ivan and another from France, I think was Fredeli. This from\nUkraine was Ivan. Yes, there was, but there was all these men. I was only the\nspring chicken [young person].\n\nKENT: The man in charge. Who was that man?\n\nAJLEN: Yes, they was working with the horses. They was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"working the hard work.\n\nKENT: Do you remember the name of the head man in charge?\n\nAJLEN: At my . . . Sure, I know, Clauk. I have paper and his name is over there.\nI work for him, Clauk. [He] was ugly, awful man. I don't think he was good even\nfor his wife. I don't see the family touch over there. I don't see any. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was\nbad for everybody.\n\nKENT: What was your outlook after the war as far as getting married, starting a\nfamily, building a new life?\n\nAJLEN: Very hard. We don't have a rooms. We don't have a place to stay. We run\nfrom Lupine to Zary, because Lubania was not too much work. We ran to Zary and\nwe apply. My husband was electrician and I was working in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"factory. Then, the\ncommunity center helped us and Jewish Federation help us. We found a place to\nstay. We work and slowly, slowly, slowly, we stand and our feet. It was hard.\nWas not easy buy food. It's not easy buy anything. I am dressmaker. I sew\neverything for my children. My husband make toys for children because ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you cannot\nbuy anything. I sew even shoes for my children because you cannot buy. Even if\nyou have money, you cannot buy anything.\n\nKENT: How much of the Jewish community was allowed to function?\n\nAJLEN: Right, they helped us. My children went to learn Jewish and we belong.\nAll of our life, we belong to Jewish Community Center in Zary. I have diploma\nfrom over there and we belong all the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time, yes. My children play guitars and\nmandolins. My children was singing in the club. I was sewing over there. They\nhelped us a lot.\n\nKENT: Talk about how you finally got to America.\n\nAJLEN: Yes, this was . . .\n\nKENT: How did that come about?\n\nAJLEN: After they let us out, everybody, it was not hard, because in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1969, they\nopened the border. They said, \"Whoever feel like is Jewish, can go.\" Then we\nhave a passport over three months, very easy. We have a passport. We left when\nthe time come, but that was okay. But they start to treat us bad again, because\nwhen you go in your work and you said, \"I want to still working,\" because we\nwant to work to the last minute. Why fire us before three months, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"right? We want\nto. They said, No. You fired right now; not work three months more.\" They fired\nus. We waiting three months and we go. Then I went to the police station, pick\nup the passport. They said, \"You have to . . . You cannot have any more Polish\npassport for each citizen.\" I said, \"How come? I feel Polish. Why I cannot have\nmy Polish citizenship and use?\" He said, \"If ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you [don't] shut up, we will put\nyou in jail.\" I have to sign a paper.\n\nKENT: Did you have contacts or relatives in America?\n\nAJLEN: I have family in New York. Yes, I have [family named] Feldman. I have\nfamily in New York and I have already family in Israel. My husband mother and\nbrother and sister went in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1948 [before they] sealed up the borders and\neverything. Still I have big family in Israel and in New York, too.\n\nKENT: What were the early days in America like as you made . . .\n\nAJLEN: Hard. My husband came very sick. He has all of veins problem on his legs.\nHe went straight to hospital after we came. I have only one month's [worth of]\nfood stamps. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Federation was helping me find my house. They said, \"You\ncannot have an apartment expensive because you will be only one to work.\" With\nno language, nothing, I working in Iron City. There was factory. [It was] very\nhard work. My husband was sick in the hospital, maybe two or three months. Was\nonly me who was working from the family. Later, my daughter found job in\nMontefiore Hospital in Pittsburgh [Pennsylvania]. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is Jewish hospital. Then,\nshe finish college. For college, we have to pay full price because we were still\nwith no green cards. If you don't have a green card [American citizenship], you\nhave to pay full price for college. It was very hard. We used to work for two\npeople. [We did] everything for people: clean their houses, washed the floors .\n. . Both my sons was newspaper boys. They clean the cars, cut the grass,\neverything. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All the money, we put together and we survived. Was very hard.\n\nKENT: What types of people did you choose to associate with?\n\nAJLEN: We belong to Jewish Federation in Pittsburgh, too. We are the make party\nfor us. The welcome was very nice over there. Yes, we have a lot of friends over\nthere in Pittsburgh. My youngest son, he went to academy over there in\nPittsburgh. Yes, they help ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"us.\n\nKENT: How long did you stay there?\n\nAJLEN: Seven years.\n\nKENT: What, 1976 or so?\n\nAJLEN: Yes. Then, we came to Atlanta, because my daughter [Halina] got married\nto [Aleksander] Sztam, who they know each other from children. Every year, in\nspringtime and summertime, he came to us and they went together for camp from\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Federation. They all [went] every year. My children went for camp.\n\nKENT: Your daughter moved to Atlanta?\n\nAJLEN: Yes, she moved here, because she got married here. Then after two years,\nwe came here because we don't have nobody in Pittsburgh. What is the reason to\nstay in Pittsburgh when you don't have nobody? I can have nobody here. At least\nI have daughter married here.\n\nKENT: What were your impressions of Atlanta when you moved here?\n\nAJLEN: Nice. We don't move right ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"away, but because we came a few years only in\nthe summer to see how Atlanta looked for us. We liked it, especially me. My\nhusband was not because my husband is very stubborn. If he has job, he don't\nwant to lose it. He afraid he will not have another one, but I said, \"We have to\nmove.\" One of my son went to navy. The other son went to army. My boys was all\nin American ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Army, so there was no reason for me, for us to stay in Pittsburgh. I\ndigging [nagging or struggling], and digging, and finally he we moved to Atlanta.\n\nKENT: Speaking also about Pittsburgh and the American phase of your life, did\nyou experience any discrimination or any kind of negative attitudes as an immigrant?\n\nAJLEN: No. Different people ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was helping me. I don't want to . . . Really, I find\nthe Polish people and Jewish people over there who spoke very good Polish. They\nwant to be close to me, but I don't want to be because I want to speak English.\nThey talk to me Polish, to make it easy for me. I feel good when I spoke to them\nPolish, but was bad for me, because the process was longer. I said, \"Please stay\naway from me. I try to speak English.\"\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KENT: Talk a little more about what it was like adjusting to normal life after\nthe war.\n\nAJLEN: Bad. Very hard. You have to beginning from the stone [foundation] up,\neverything, because we lost in wartime everything. We have to digging, and\ndigging, and digging till you go up, and up, and up, the getting better. It's\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hard. It's very hard. American people don't know the stuff what we suffer in\nEurope. That doesn't know anything. When I was talking sometimes at work,\n[about] what was the life in Europe, how we suffer, how we do this, how we don't\nhave this, how we don't have this, somebody told me, \"You know, Lola? We have a\nwar here, too.\" I said, \"What kind of or you have?\" [They said], \"Because we\ndon't have steak in a store.\" I said, \"This is the war? You don't have steak in\na ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"store? I don't have bread. I don't have water and you don't have a steak? This\nis the war?\"\n\nKENT: You said you were a very strong person.\n\nAJLEN: Yes.\n\nKENT: What was your strength based on? If it was not religion, what kept you going?\n\nAJLEN: Everything. You know, I think my body. My body can suffer more like used\nto be, like another person can do, you know? Because I suffer over the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wartime\nand after war, very much. I survive. I think I am big survivor. I calmed myself\nlike this. I am big survivor with big experience, with big suffering. I am still here.\n\nKENT: How much did you talk about the war period afterwards?\n\nAJLEN: Only if I have a chance, I talk. I write some, my story. I have in\nwriting my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"story, Polish and English.\n\nKENT: Talk more about how you first ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"met your husband.\n\nAJLEN: I met my husband in the club, because I went to club, like teenagers, in\nBielawa dancing [in the] evening. He came too. He was working in different\nfactory and I was working in different factory. He was playing on harmonium. One\ntime, he came and he asked me to dance. We dance and we talked. This was my\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first boyfriend. I never have a boyfriend before. When I came home . . . After a\nfew days, I brought him home to my parents. They said, \"Lola, are you really\nserious with Henry?\" I said, \"I think, Mama, I'm serious.\" After one year, we\ngot married. This was in 1946. In 1947, I got married. [In] 1948, I have baby,\nbut we don't have anything because ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my father have the house, but we don't like\nwant to live together. We want to have a separate place and we move. My husband\nwas like . . . He came from Russian Army to Polish Army. They have a right to\npick a house or apartment. We went and was looking in Bielawa from apartment and\nwe found some apartment. Then we move to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lubania. From Lubania, we moved to Zary\nbecause we came all like one family. We don't want to be together, so from\nLubania, we moved to Zary, and we stick together. My family is still in Lubania.\n\nKENT: How did your husband get through the war?\n\nAJLEN: He went with his family into Siberia. They lost their father over ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there.\nThere was five children. They lost the father in Siberia. The [Russians] killed\nhim. They suffered lots. There was not food, not nothing. My husband said they\nwas making investigation [into] how old you are, if you can work already or not.\nHe make himself be older--put more three years--to start working because\nsomebody have to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"work for the family. He became older, like he used to be. He\nstarted working and they survived. All the rest came [back] to Poland from Russia.\n\nKENT: What was it like raising children having all this in your background?\n\nAJLEN: You know, really for this, I cannot complain. We don't have it . . . Some\nwas talking about Jewish, and this, and this, but ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not much. No. In work, I\nsuffered lots. At work, there was, \"Open this. Open this up,\" and don't treat me\nlike I was good worker. I can make money, but they don't let you because you was\nnot communist. But, this is over. I'm not there. I'm here.\n\nKENT: How much of your past have you discussed with your kids?\n\nAJLEN: They know my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"story. We talking lots about the stuff what was happened\nbefore. My children know.\n\nKENT: Considering so much of your own childhood was taken up by the war, did\nthat affect your ability to be an adult and a mother?\n\nAJLEN: I think yes, because I think I will have a better life, an easy life, if\nI will survive, stay with my parents. Anyway, I will be more educated, because\nmy ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"father can do this because he has money. I think maybe my way will be not\nlike it's now. I cannot see my future. You know, I cannot say will be better. I\ndon't know, but I think will be not the way like it is. Because first, I will\nnot go from Pabianice nowhere. I don't know if I would have met my husband or\nnot, because all this ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stuff, make [life] completely different way.\n\nKENT: What were your expectations for your life before the war? What were you\nhoping for in school and so on?\n\nAJLEN: I want to be a teacher.\n\nKENT: A teacher?\n\nAJLEN: Yes. All my life, I was very good student. My father never have a problem\nwith me. But [I attended school] only through 13 years [old].\n\nKENT: How much ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"education were you able to continue later?\n\nAJLEN: I make high school after. I make two years in one year. Two class in one\nyear. I make it. I have lots of experience, I have. Later, when I teach my\nchildren, [no matter] how much they have a school in Poland, I always was able\nto help them.\n\nKENT: What kinds of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"values did you try to give your children?\n\nAJLEN: I think good value, perfect, hundred percent. My children have a good\neducation and good personality. I have perfect children. They treat parents like\nparents and people like people. I am still mother and still grandmother; not\n'you' and not 'you.' ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't like this when the children say, \"Mommy! Lola!\" I\nsaid, \"I'm not Lola. I'm Mama.\"\n\nKENT: What did you teach them about Jewishness?\n\nAJLEN: About this, I cannot teach nobody. They have to have their own style and\ntheir own, whatever they want to do. You cannot say. Sometimes religion can be\nmix. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Can be one from this side, one from this side. You don't know what will\nbring you. How many families are mixed up and they survive because there's love\ntogether? Religion . . . In my family, we never talk about religion. You pick\nwhatever you want. This is my opinion.\n\nKENT: What was your involvement in the Jewish world here in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta?\n\nAJLEN: Not much. I cannot say I am much a religion here in Atlanta. First, I was\nbusy with the grandkids. Now, I was thinking, when my husband will survive, we\nwill continue and we will be maybe more together with the Jewish people, but he\ndied. I am alone again, and again, everything stopped. See, you cannot ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do\nanything what you want. But I'm going. I enjoy it. I always went to club for the\nNew Year party. I always was over there.\n\nKENT: What was your husband's involvement here in Atlanta?\n\nAJLEN: Yes, he was.\n\nKENT: What did he do as far as the Jewish world goes?\n\nAJLEN: Not much, because he was working hard, too. How much? They for a meeting\nover there, they call us, and we go with my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"daughter, yes.\n\nKENT: Have you been back to Europe, then?\n\nAJLEN: Yes.\n\nKENT: You were back in Poland?\n\nAJLEN: Yes, a few times.\n\nKENT: What was it like for you to be in that area again, walking those streets again?\n\nAJLEN: No, they don't bother me. The people friendly. I've been few times. We\nstill have a daughter over there.\n\nKENT: What are you most proud ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of when you review your life?\n\nAJLEN: What I'm proud? Be good mother and good person. The rest of them not\ncount, because I'm done looking for money. I look for good health, and be good\nperson, and be good mother.\n\nKENT: In the very beginning of this interview you talked about hunger a lot.\n\nAJLEN: Yes, I did.\n\nKENT: How has ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"food been an issue in your life, or has it been?\n\nAJLEN: Now, I don't think I am hungry. I don't look hungry now, but this is\nover. [It] is past. We have to think that way.\n\nKENT: Sometimes food becomes a different type of issue for survivors, depending\non where they were.\n\nAJLEN: From the beginning, you're right. From the beginning, was like this. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If I\neat some piece of bread, I don't want to lose one crumb. I pick up all the\npieces what was left. I don't want to, but not anymore. I'm not hungry anymore.\nI don't think if you work, you can be hungry. I'm not working, but I'm not\nhungry. I used to work.\n\nKENT: Emotionally, how has the war ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"period been a part of your life, or has it\naffected you?\n\nAJLEN: Bad. Bad memories and bad stuff. I don't want to repeat anything and I\ndon't wish this will ever come again. I wish it will never come again, because\nthis is not good story. We don't want to suffer again. It's not good stuff to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"remember.\n\nKENT: Are there other specific things you want your kids and grandkids to know\nabout, maybe things you have not explained to them?\n\nAJLEN: I think if they will have a good education and be good people, they will\nmake their life easy for everybody and for themselves. [It is] important how\neducation they will have. So far, I have good ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children.\n\nKENT: A few other types of questions that are down here . . . In terms of being\naware of other things going on in history, like Israel becoming a state and\ncertain other things. How did you react to major events like that? Did you\nfollow news events of major things?\n\nAJLEN: I like them. It is interesting about this. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like that. Anyway, I like\nIsrael. I've been over there a few times. We still have a contact with them. I'm\nproud. They still fighting for the rights. Who knows what going to be? I wish\nwill stop the war over there. One time is enough. The people suffer from both sides.\n\nKENT: What does that current situation ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there . . . What is your reaction to that?\n\nAJLEN: I'm sorry about this, what happened over there. What I can do? We cannot\ndo it. I think everybody suffered. They fighting. We have suffered here.\n\nEINSTEIN: . . . about your life or just one final thought you would like them to\nsee in the years to come.\n\nKENT: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We will let you think for a moment and then we will start the camera again.\n\nAJLEN: I always say [be a] good person, and learn lots from me, have lot of\nexperience, because I think I have them. They always have a right to ask me. I\ncan help them, if they need my help. I think I am good person.\n\nKENT: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/transcript/40062/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You have four perfect children.\n\nAJLEN: They are perfect children. Never problem. Never police. Both sons was in\nthe army, in American Army and Navy. I think I have good family.\n\nKENT: Good.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=3240.0,3270.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/annotation_set/882","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/annotation_set/882/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePabianice is a town in central Poland, about 10 kilometres southwest of Łódź and belongs to the metropolitan area of that city.The Germans occupied Pabianice, Poland on September 8, 1939. The first thing they did was force the Jews to destroy the interior of the synagogue and then they made it into a stable. In February 1940, a ghetto was set up housing about 9,000 Jews who were put to work in textile factories and workshops. On May 16, 1942, the Germans rounded up all the Jews and sent the elderly, ill and the children to the Chelmno death camp, where they were all murdered. The remainder of the Jews—about 3,600 people—who could work were sent to the Lodz ghetto and then on to other forced labor camps. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/annotation_set/882/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II officially began in Europe when Germany invaded Poland on Friday, September 1, 1939. Britain and France responded by declaring war on Germany on September 3. In 1939, Britain and France had signed a series of military agreements with Poland that formed a military alliance based on mutual assistance in case of a military invasion from Germany. The support of Britain and France proved only nominal, however. Within a month, Poland was defeated by a combination of German and Soviet forces and was partitioned between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/annotation_set/882/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Nazis subjected millions of people (both Jews and other victim groups) to forced, or slave labor, both inside and outside concentration camps, often under brutal conditions. Forced labor was often pointless and humiliating, and imposed without proper equipment, clothing, nourishment, or rest. Forced labor was part of the systematic persecution of Jews but also served as a method for economic gain and to meet the increasingly desperate labor shortages necessary for the war effort.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/annotation_set/882/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSpreewald [German: Spree Forest] is a biosphere reserve located approximately 100 kilometers [62 miles] south of Berlin, Germany. It is a popular recreational area. The reserve is a large inland delta on the Spree River, with a series of waterways that are surrounded by forest. The main towns are Lubbenau and Lubben. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/annotation_set/882/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA Gendarmerie (sometimes also “Gendarmes”) is a military body charged with police duties among the civilian population. The term gendarme is derived from the medieval French expression gens d'armes, which translates to \"armed people.” During World War II, German authorities charged local forces of Gendarmerie with carrying out the regime's anti-Jewish policies. The Gendarmerie was charged with putting the Jews in ghettos. As Jews were forbidden from leaving the ghettos, Gendarmerie guarded the perimeters. Gendarmes had a reputation for brutality. Individual gendarmes often tortured Jews and extorted personal valuables from them.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/annotation_set/882/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe SS or Schutzstaffel was a major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party. It began at the end of 1920 as a small, permanent guard unit known as the “Saal-Schutz” made up of Nazi Party volunteers to provide security for party meetings in Munich. Later, in 1925, Heinrich Himmler joined the unit, which had by then been reformed and renamed the “Schutz-Staffel.” Under Himmler’s leadership, it grew from a small paramilitary formation to one of the largest and most powerful organizations in the Third Reich. Under Himmler’s command, it was responsible for many of the crimes against humanity during World War II. Among other activities, black-shirted SS men served as guards at labor and concentration camps. After World War II, like the Nazi Party, it was declared a criminal organization by the International Military Tribunal and banned in Germany.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/annotation_set/882/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn May 1945, the Red Army barreled into Berlin and captured the city, the final step in defeating the Third Reich and ending World War II in Europe.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/annotation_set/882/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePoznan [Polish: Poznań] is a city on the Warta River in western Poland. It is about midway between Berlin, Germany and Lodz, Poland.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/annotation_set/882/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe war in Europe officially ended on May 7, 1945 when German General Alfred Jodl signed an unconditional surrender to the Allies in Reims, France. The following day, Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel officially surrendered to Soviet forces in Berlin.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/annotation_set/882/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Brandenburg Gate is an 18th-century neoclassical monument in Berlin, built on the orders of Prussian king Frederick William II after the temporary restoration of order during the Batavian Revolution. Although heavily damaged by Allied air raids during World War II, it survived. After World War II, the iconic monument divided East and West Berlin. Today, it is an iconic symbol of German unity.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/annotation_set/882/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLodz [Polish: Łódź] was a large textile manufacturing city about 75 miles (121 km) from Warsaw, Poland. Before World War II, it was home to the second largest Jewish community on Poland and one of the largest in the world. During the war, it was the site of a major ghetto and deportations center. The city was liberated by Soviet forces in January 1945.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/annotation_set/882/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBielawa is a town in southwestern Poland, approximately 125 miles (234 kilometers) southwest of Lodz. Before 1945, Bielawa was part of Germany and called Langenbielau. It was liberated by Soviet troops at the end of World War II and incorporated into Poland.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/annotation_set/882/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eZary [Polish: Żary] is a town in western Poland, near the border of Germanyy. In 1945, Jews started to come to Żary. They were mainly Jews from the eastern borderlands, who survived the war in the Soviet Union, but also from the center of Poland. About 3,500 Jews lived in Żary from 1945 to 1946, but by the beginning of 1949, there were no more than a few hundred people of the Jewish origin in Żary.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/annotation_set/882/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLubania is a village in central Poland, approximately 49 miles (79 kilometers) east of Lodz.. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/annotation_set/882/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Polish 1968 political crisis, also known in Poland as March 1968, Students' March, or March events [Polish: Marzec 1968; studencki Marzec; wydarzenia marcowe] was a series of major student, intellectual and other protests against Poland’s communist regime. It coincided with an anti-Jewish campaign that began in 1967 by General Mieczyslaw Moczar following the Soviet Union’s withdrawal of diplomatic relations with Israel following the Six Day War. Purges in the communist party resulted in the exile of thousands of individuals of Jewish ancestry, including professionals, party officials and secret police functionaries. At least 13,000 Poles of Jewish origin left Poland between 1968 and 1972 as a result of being fired from their positions and various other forms of harassment.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/annotation_set/882/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBetween 1944 and 1947, the Polish government allowed Jews wishing to leave the country to do so with little obstacles. About 30,000 Jews left Poland in the two years after the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948. However, the Soviet Union’s growing hostility toward Israel meant Poland soon ceased to issue emigration permits. After Wladyslaw Gomulka returned to power in 1957, emigration became possible again. Between 1957 and 1959, almost 50,000 Jews left Poland, most going to Poland.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/annotation_set/882/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWladyslaw Gomulka [Polish: Władysław Gomułka] (1905-1982) was a Polish communist politician. He was the de facto leader of post-war Poland from 1947 until 1948, when the Polish United People's Party was being formed. Gomulka's attempted defiance of Stalinism led to his dismissal in 1948 and imprisonment in 1951. In 1956, he was restored to power on the intervention of Khrushchev. He helped to sustain a degree of post-Stalinist liberalism, but his reforms were only half-hearted. In 1969, he changed Poland’s policy toward West Germany and in December 1970, signed a treaty that normalized relations between the two countries. He later resigned following popular disturbances amid a failing economy.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/annotation_set/882/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 1965, the Immigration and Nationality Act, commonly known as the Hart–Celler Act after its two main sponsors, overhauled America’s immigration system. For decades, a federal quota system had severely restricted the number of people from outside Western Europe eligible to settle in the United States. Passed during the height of the Cold War, Hart–Celler erased America’s longstanding policy of limiting immigration based on national origin. Instead, it prioritized highly skilled immigrants and people with family already living in the United States, but capped the number of annual visas at 290,000, which included a restriction of 20,000 visas per country per year.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/annotation_set/882/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAccording to the census of 1931, the city was inhabited by 8177 Jewish citizens, which constituted 17.8% of all its inhabitants. After the war, 148 surviving Jews returned to Pabianice in 1945, but over the following years, all the Jews left the town.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/annotation_set/882/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAdolf Hitler (1889-1945) was a German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and Führer (“leader”) of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator of Nazi Germany, he initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939 and was a central figure of the Holocaust. Here, Lola is referring to him in a general sense as leader of the Nazi Party.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/annotation_set/882/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe details of the incident Lola witnessed are unknown. However, children were especially vulnerable to Nazi persecution. When World War II began in September 1939, there were approximately 1.6 million Jewish children living in the territories that the German armies or their allies would occupy. When the war in Europe ended in May 1945, more than 1 million and perhaps as many as 1.5 million Jewish children were dead and tens of thousands of Romani children, 5,000-7,000 German children with physical or mental disabilities living in institutions, as well as many Polish children and children residing in German-occupied Soviet Union. Jewish and non-Jewish adolescents (13-18 years old) had a better chance of survival, as they could be used for forced labor. Many of the younger children who survived the Holocaust did so in hiding. It was not uncommon for the Germans to carry out “children’s actions” to reduce the ghetto populations. Like the elderly, children were considered unfit for work and were, therefore, useless.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/annotation_set/882/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDespite their wartime alliance, tensions between the Soviet Union and the United States and Great Britain intensified rapidly as the World War II came to a close. After Germany’s surrender in 1945, Soviet troops occupied most of Eastern Europe. As Soviet power and influence expanded, a communist dictatorship was established under Josef Stalin, who led the Soviet Union from the mid–1920s until 1953. Several countries in Eastern Europe—Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and East Germany—operated as Soviet satellite states. These countries were not officially part of the USSR, but their governments were loyal Stalinists, and therefore looked to and aligned themselves with the Soviet Union politically and militarily via the Warsaw Pact.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/annotation_set/882/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCrimea is a peninsula located on the northern coast of the Black Sea in Eastern Europe that is almost completely surrounded by both the Black Sea and the smaller Sea of Azov to the northeast.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/annotation_set/882/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn Zary, Lola and Henry took classes from ORT (Association for the Promotion of Skilled Trades) is a non-profit global Jewish organization that promotes education and training in communities worldwide. After World War II, ORT was very active, opening schools with rehabilitation programs in 78 camps and various cities throughout Europe. The purpose of the schools was to train and prepare DPs (displaced persons) for resettlement in industrialized countries such as the United States, Canada, and Australia as well as Israel, which had a significant need for highly trained manpower. Some 85,000 Jews were trained in new profession and provided with the tools they needed to rebuild their lives.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/annotation_set/882/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA Jewish Federation (often known as the \"Federation\" or the \"Fed\") is the secular primary Jewish nonprofit organization found within most metropolitan areas (or sometimes states) in North America that host a substantial Jewish community. Their broad purpose is to provide \"human services,\" generally, but not exclusively, to the local Jewish community. One of many programs offered by federations are summer camps for children with Jewish backgrounds. There are 148 Jewish Federations. The national umbrella organization for the federations is the Jewish Federations of North America.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/annotation_set/882/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIron City is a nickname for Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/annotation_set/882/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMontefiore Hospital was a hospital for Jewish doctors and patients that was founded in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1908. In 1957, it affiliated with the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/annotation_set/882/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLola’s daughter, Halina, met her future husband, Aleksander Szlam, at a Jewish summer camp in Poland in 1965. Aleksander was from Wroclaw, Poland and also the child of Holocaust survivors. The two became friends, corresponding for a few yearsm and even visiting each other’s towns. They met again in 1970 in Vienna, Austria. Aleksander’s family was also emigrating to the United States and would settle in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/annotation_set/882/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eHenry Ajlen Family Papers\u003c/em\u003e housed at the Breman Museum’s The Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History include a 1993 manuscript written by Lola about her experiences. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/annotation_set/882/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA harmonium, also called Reed Organ, free-reed keyboard instrument that produces sound when wind sent by foot-operated bellows through a pressure-equalizing air reservoir causes metal reeds screwed over slots in metal frames to vibrate through the frames with close tolerance.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/annotation_set/882/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSiberia is an extensive geographical region in Russia that extends eastward to become what is often referred to as ‘North Asia.’ As invading German forces advanced east in Poland in September 1939, hundreds of thousands of Jewish refugees fled westward. Most fled so suddenly, they took only what they could carry and had no specific destination in mind. Few made contingency plans or took the time to prepare adequately for a long journey. When the Russians then annexed eastern Poland and a German-Russian demarcation line was established, 300,000 Jewish refugees found themselves trapped on the Soviet side of a heavily guarded border. Some of the refugees returned home, while about 40,000 continued their flight fearing arrest and persecution in either German- or Russian-occupied territory. Many headed to Romania, Hungary, and Lithuania, only to later become victims of mass killing operations when German forces advanced deep into Soviet territory in 1941. The vast majority of the Polish refugees, however, remained in Soviet-occupied Poland. In 1940 and 1941, In 1940 (one year before the Germans commenced their program of extermination), Soviet ruler Joseph Stalin ordered the deportation of at least 200,000 Polish Jews—including thousands of Jewish refugees who had fled from German-occupied Poland—from Russian-occupied Eastern Poland to Siberia, central Asia, and other locations in the interior of the Soviet Union. Many died in appalling conditions in Gulag labor camps in Siberia, where they were forced to work excessive hours in extreme cold and little food. While they endured horrible conditions, this paradoxically saved the lives of a few hundred thousand Jewish refugees. Most of those Jews who survived were in Russian during the war – 170,000 returned to Poland during the first repatriation in 1946 and an additional 19,000-20,000 returned in the second repatriation from Russia in 1956.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/annotation_set/882/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHenry Ajlen died in November 1991.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/annotation_set/882/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWith international pressure mounting, in 1945, Britain, unable to find a practical solution, referred the problem to the United Nations, which in November 1947 voted to partition Palestine into Jewish and Arab states in May 1948 when the British mandate was scheduled to end. After the British began the withdrawal of their military forces from Palestine in early April 1948, Zionist leaders moved to establish a modern Jewish state. On May 14, 1948—the day the British Mandate over Palestine expired—David Ben-Gurion, the chairman of the Jewish Agency for Palestine, announced the formation of the state of Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/annotation_set/882/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYears of frustration and the collapse of a summit intended to resolve Israeli–Palestinian tensions boiled over into violence in 2000, when Ariel Sharon, the leader of Israel’s opposition visited Temple Mount in East Jerusalem. The al-Aqsa mosque is housed on Temple Mount and Muslims saw the visit as highly provocative. Demonstrations turned violent. The resulting series of violent confrontations and attacks on both sides, known as the Second Intifada, or the Al-Aqsa Intifada, after the mosque where violence erupted, did not subside until 2005. Both sides saw high numbers of both military and civilian casualties.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=3150.0,3180.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/index/51853","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Ajlen, Lola [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/index/51853/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family History, Life Before the War, and Working as a Slave for the Germans","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=29.0,408.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/index/51853/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Can you describe what your family was like and the little town where you grew up?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=29.0,408.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/index/51853/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"German Gendarmerie","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hanover, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pabianice, Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Schutzstaffel (SS)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Slave Labor","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Spreewald, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=29.0,408.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/index/51853/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helped by Good People and Running from the Germans","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=408.0,804.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/index/51853/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Between the German people, there were some good people, too. Every second day, the people discussed between them and every second day. I have a somebody else came and bring me food. Then, I became stronger and stronger, but he still tried to find something wrong with me. But I was only 13, 14, 15 beginning from 13 years.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=408.0,804.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/index/51853/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Berlin, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Execution Order","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lodz, Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Poison","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Poznan, Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Prison","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russian Occupation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Spreewald, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=408.0,804.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/index/51853/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Returning to Pabianice, Reuniting with Her Family, and Moving to Bielawa, Lubania, and Zary","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=804.0,1041.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/index/51853/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Finally, we got over there and I came to Lodz. Lodz is Polish. This one [city] is 16 kilometers from my city. Pabianice is big city, but Lodz is bigger. We came to home and I don't know where . . . My house is not there. I ran on the street. I said maybe\nmy grandfather or my grandmother is somewhere and I ran over there and I want to ask people, \"Where is my mother? Where is my father?\"","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=804.0,1041.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/index/51853/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bielawa, Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Henry Ajlen","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lodz, Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lubania, Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pabianice, Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Zary, Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=804.0,1041.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/index/51853/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Immigrating to the Untied States","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=1041.0,1174.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/index/51853/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then, from Zary we moved. We are immigrant to America because they said all the Jewish people can go. We applied to America from 1950 because my husband's sister went to Israel in 1948. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=1041.0,1174.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/index/51853/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Immigration and Nationality Act","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Israel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rome, Italy","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"United States of America","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Vienna, Austria","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Wladyslaw Gomulka","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Zary, Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=1041.0,1174.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/index/51853/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Returning to Pabianice After the War and Needing to Move to Bielawa","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=1174.0,1236.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/index/51853/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Talk about the days right after the war, then. What was it like going back? How did the locals treat the survivors at the time?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=1174.0,1236.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/index/51853/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bielawa, Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pabianice, Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=1174.0,1236.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/index/51853/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dealing with Manual Labor and Hunger During the War","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=1236.0,1272.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/index/51853/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What was it like for you to deal with manual labor and hunger?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=1236.0,1272.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/index/51853/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bielawa, Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hunger","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Manual Labor","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Slave Labor","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Wealth","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=1236.0,1272.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/index/51853/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"War Time Memories, Life Lessons Learned, and What Her Jewishness Meant to Her Growing Up","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=1272.0,1446.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/index/51853/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Do you have any other particular memories of that war period that stay with you?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=1272.0,1446.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/index/51853/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Adolf 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There","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=3126.0,3284.281"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/index/51853/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A few other types of questions that are down here . . . In terms of being aware of other things going on in history, like Israel becoming a state and certain other things. How did you react to major events like that? Did you follow news events of major things?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=3126.0,3284.281"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051/index/51853/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Israel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish State","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/79109/file/167051#t=3126.0,3284.281"}]}]}]}