{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/qj77s7k48m/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["May, Robert"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2017-08-10 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["May, Robert (1926- ) (Interviewee)","Ghizoni, Sandra (Interviewer)","Tkac, Paula (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["The William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Federal Reserve World War II Economies Oral History Project (FRBA/WWII)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eDr. Robert May was interviewed by Sandra Ghizoni and Paula Tkac on August 10, 2017 in Birmingham, Alabama.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eDr. Robert May was born in February 1926, in Camberg Germany, the youngest of three boys. For several generations, his family owned a dry goods store in Camberg. When Hitler came to power in 1933, antisemitism exploded in his hometown. By 1936, school had become intolerable, requiring Robert to leave. He moved with his Aunt Emma to Frankfurt, Germany and attended a Jewish Day School, the Philanthropin. Robert recalls Kristallnacht in Frankfurt, November 1938. He and his aunt were warned by a neighbor to get out of their apartment. While wandering the streets, the apartment was ransacked, and Robert’s school and synagogue were burned. A month later, Robert traveled to Brighton, England, facilitated by the British Kindertransport, which allowed children under seventeen to enter Britain as long as they could obtain private funds to support themselves. He attended a Jewish boarding school, Aryeh House, for which funding was provided by his Uncle Siegmund, who had previously escaped Germany to Holland. In Brighton, Robert learned English and studied for his Bar Mitzvah, a milestone marked with no family. Two days before the war started, Robert’s parents left Germany with only two suitcases. They traveled to London and made plans to come to the U.S. In August 1940, amidst U-boat attacks, Robert and his parents left England for Havana, Cuba, then New Orleans. They arrived in New Orleans on September 9, 1940. In the U.S., Robert continued his schooling, becoming a medical doctor and serving in the U.S. Air Force. He married his wife, Anita, in 1953, moved to Birmingham, and practiced obstetrics and gynecology for close to fifty years. Aunt Emma and Uncle Siegmund perished at Auschwitz.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eDr. Robert May introduces himself, his hometown, and his family. He discusses how life for him, his brothers, and his family changed beginning in 1933 when Hitler came into power, and up to the start of WWII. He shares his family’s experiences with both the Nuremberg laws, and Kristallnacht. Robert explains the processes that he and the members of his family went through to leave Germany as well as the process they went through to get to the United States. Robert closes by recounting the milestones of his life, the obstacles he overcame, and the lessons he hopes others can take away from his story.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Preferred Citation"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/29048"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Hitler, Adolf (1889-1945) (personal name)","Goebbels, Joseph (1897-1945) (personal name)","Batista, Fulgencio (1901-1973) (personal name)","Sorbonne (corporate name)","Philanthropin (corporate name)","Ariel Motorcycle Company (corporate name)","Tulane University (corporate name)","United States Air Force (corporate name)","Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta (corporate name)","Holocaust Education Center (corporate name)","Camberg, Germany (geographic term)","Frankfurt, Germany (geographic term)","Taunus Mountains (geographic term)","Paris, France (geographic term)","Amsterdam, Netherlands (geographic term)","Milan, Italy (geographic term)","London, England (geographic term)","Morocco (geographic term)","Holland, Netherlands (geographic term)","Auschwitz (Concentration camp) (geographic term)","Brighton, England (geographic term)","France (geographic term)","Wales (geographic term)","Liverpool, England (geographic term)","Havana, Cuba (geographic term)","New Orleans, Louisiana (geographic term)","Birmingham, Alabama (geographic term)","World War I (topical term)","Iron Cross (topical term)","Middle Class (topical term)","isolated and segregated (topical term)","kicked out of school (topical term)","boycotted (topical term)","Nuremberg laws (topical term)","Kristallnacht (topical term)","living off of savings (topical term)","protective custody (topical term)","Visa to the United States (topical term)","Kindertransport (topical term)","SA Trooper/Stormtrooper (topical term)","Children sent to England (topical term)","warning from neighbor (topical term)","targeted destruction (topical term)","sign in store window (topical term)","sign in store window (topical term)","jewelry (topical term)","silver (topical term)","Start of World War II (topical term)","Holland overtaken (topical term)","London Blitz (topical term)","submarine attacks (topical term)","Korean War (topical term)","importance of education (topical term)","family support (topical term)","Never again (topical term)","1918 influenza (topical term)","pogrom (topical term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eDr. Robert May was interviewed by Sandra Ghizoni and Paula Tkac on August 10, 2017 in Birmingham, Alabama.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Robert May was born in February 1926, in Camberg Germany, the youngest of three boys. For several generations, his family owned a dry goods store in Camberg. When Hitler came to power in 1933, antisemitism exploded in his hometown. By 1936, school had become intolerable, requiring Robert to leave. He moved with his Aunt Emma to Frankfurt, Germany and attended a Jewish Day School, the Philanthropin. Robert recalls Kristallnacht in Frankfurt, November 1938. He and his aunt were warned by a neighbor to get out of their apartment. While wandering the streets, the apartment was ransacked, and Robert\u0026rsquo;s school and synagogue were burned. A month later, Robert traveled to Brighton, England, facilitated by the British Kindertransport, which allowed children under seventeen to enter Britain as long as they could obtain private funds to support themselves. He attended a Jewish boarding school, Aryeh House, for which funding was provided by his Uncle Siegmund, who had previously escaped Germany to Holland. In Brighton, Robert learned English and studied for his Bar Mitzvah, a milestone marked with no family. Two days before the war started, Robert\u0026rsquo;s parents left Germany with only two suitcases. They traveled to London and made plans to come to the U.S. In August 1940, amidst U-boat attacks, Robert and his parents left England for Havana, Cuba, then New Orleans. They arrived in New Orleans on September 9, 1940. In the U.S., Robert continued his schooling, becoming a medical doctor and serving in the U.S. Air Force. He married his wife, Anita, in 1953, moved to Birmingham, and practiced obstetrics and gynecology for close to fifty years. Aunt Emma and Uncle Siegmund perished at Auschwitz.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Robert May introduces himself, his hometown, and his family. He discusses how life for him, his brothers, and his family changed beginning in 1933 when Hitler came into power, and up to the start of WWII. He shares his family\u0026rsquo;s experiences with both the Nuremberg laws, and Kristallnacht. Robert explains the processes that he and the members of his family went through to leave Germany as well as the process they went through to get to the United States. Robert closes by recounting the milestones of his life, the obstacles he overcame, and the lessons he hopes others can take away from his story.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/174/795/small/May_Robert.mp4_1676595278.jpg?1676595279","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - May_Robert.mp4"]},"duration":1719.254,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/174/795/small/May_Robert.mp4_1676595278.jpg?1676595279","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/174/795/original/May_Robert.mp4?1676595256","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":1719.254,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["May, Robert [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GHIZONI: Today is Thursday, August 10th, 2017, and the interviewer is myself,\nSandra Ghizoni and Paula Tkac from the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. We're at\nthe Holocaust Education Center in Birmingham [Alabama] with Dr. Robert May. Dr.\nMay, if you could start with stating your name, place and date of birth.\n\nMAY: I'm Robert May. I was born in a small town of about 2000 people, about 40\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"miles north of Frankfurt [Germany] called Camberg [Germany]. I was born in\nFebruary 1926.\n\nGHIZONI: Can you tell us about your family life?\n\nMAY: My family has been in this town for probably three generations. My\ngrandfather had a store in this town selling clothes, furniture, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bicycles,\nessentially everyday articles. This was passed on to my father and then was to\nbe passed on to one of the boys. One of the three boys of his. The town had\nprobably about ten Jewish families. The Jews of the town were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"essentially\ntotally integrated into the community. My father served in World War I. My\nfather's brother served in World War I and won the Iron Cross in the German\narmy. He died of influenza right after coming home from World War 1. My mother,\nin turn, comes from a small town in southern ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany. The marriage was arranged.\nI have two brothers. My oldest brother is 14 years older than me, was 14 years\nolder than me. My middle brother was seven years older than me. So, I was the\nbaby in the family.\n\nGHIZONI: Where would you say your family was on a socioeconomic scale? Low,\nmiddle, or high class?\n\nMAY: Middle class.\n\nGHIZONI: Did you and your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"brothers go to school, a public school or Jewish school?\n\nMAY: All of the three boys went to grammar school. My two older brothers\nfinished high school in this little town called Camberg, C-A-M-B-E-R-G. It's in\nthe Taunus mountains, an agricultural community. My oldest brother, in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1933,\nwhen Hitler came to power, was in medical school in Frankfurt. My middle brother\nwas in high school and I started grammar school. I was in first grade at that time.\n\nGHIZONI: Can you describe for us what happened after Hitler came to power? What\nhappened to your family? And . . .\n\nMAY: Hitler came to power in 1933. As I said, I was in in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grammar school and\nvery soon thereafter, my situation in my classes, within a year or two became\njust about impossible. I was isolated, I was segregated, I was not part of the\ngroup. I was never played with anymore. I never visited any other children's\nhouses, [and] no child would come to my house. The schooling situation ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this\nlittle community, after about two years in 1935 or 1936, became just about\nimpossible. I was never really physically abused, but I was isolated, as I said,\nand felt ostracized, so to speak. My middle brother continued his high school\neducation, and I think within a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"year or two finished high school. The high\nschool at that time, the teachers were mostly Catholic priests. It was a\nCatholic center, the majority of people were Catholic in this town. He had a\nhealthy relationship with his teachers and he could finish high school. My\noldest brother, in turn, going to medical school in Frankfurt, was promptly\nkicked out after Hitler came to power ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and had to stop his medical studies. He\npromptly left Germany, went to Paris [France], went to the Sorbonne in Paris,\nand got a degree in petroleum chemistry.\n\nGHIZONI: Your family's store, how is the business? The family store.\n\nMAY: The family store basically could exist, but was boycotted on frequent\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"occasions. My father continued to work in the store and apparently from my\nviewpoint, probably made a living, so to speak, until about 1936-1937, when it\nbecame almost useless to open the doors.\n\nGHIZONI: Were there any ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anti-Jewish laws passed that prohibited. . .\n\nMAY: Now the Nuremberg laws, the Nuremberg laws, I think, were passed in 1935.\nThis is when the livelihood of the Jews became, almost . . . were denied, they\nwere denied a livelihood. No lawyers could practice, no doctors could practice,\nall government employees, school employees were fired, that were Jewish. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The\neconomic life in Germany for Jews ceased about that time.\n\nGHIZONI: But your father's store remained open for some time after . . .\n\nMAY: It remained open, but it just existed. He was, how should I say . . . he\nwas . . . it was an avocation at that time, more than a vocation.\n\nGHIZONI: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Can you tell us about your life leading up to Kristallnacht? I think\nthat's when . . .\n\nMAY: Well, basically my life changed before Kristallnacht, about 1935 or 1936.\nMy education came to an end in Camberg. I had an uncle living in Frankfurt, and\nthey ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were probably of the upper income bracket, and the family of my father's\nsister was living in Frankfurt also. There was a Jewish school in Frankfurt\ncalled the Philanthropin, which had been in existence for many, many years. It\nwas a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"far advanced school, most of the professors were PhDs. It was a very\nprogressive school, [and] it became possible for me to enter this school. My\naunt from Camberg, who was a single lady, my father's sister, who was living\nnext door to us as a single lady, lived with me in Frankfurt and saw to it that\nI went to school every ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"day for about three years, from about 1935 to 1938. My\nfamily in Frankfurt, the two uncles that were in Frankfurt, [who] were in\nbusiness in Frankfurt and of a higher income than we were in Camberg, when the\nlaw was passed that no Jew could have monies outside of Germany. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They had money\noutside [of Germany] and they joined their money rather than bring the money\nback to Germany. So they left Frankfurt, and they took up a residence in\nAmsterdam [Netherlands]. My aunt from Camberg, who lived with me in their\napartment in Frankfurt, stayed with me for about three years while I was going\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to this advanced school in Frankfurt.\n\nGHIZONI: How did your parents make a living during this time?\n\nMAY: They were probably not making a living. They were living off savings at\nthis time. They were not . . . The store, I'm sure, was not profitable and they\nwere existing. Kristallnacht happened in 1938. This was in November, I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"think on\nNovember 9, 1938, [was] when a Polish immigrant in Paris shot a German official\nand Goebbels took it upon himself to create a pogrom in Germany and the\nsynagogues were burned, the Jewish homes were destroyed. The situation in\nFrankfurt, where we lived, the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stormtroopers came into our apartment in\nFrankfurt, destroyed the inside of the apartment, and I remember walking the\nstreets, coming back to the apartment where everything was destroyed, in\nFrankfurt now. In Camberg, the store was destroyed, the housing was destroyed,\nthe synagogue was destroyed. Father and Mother were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"warned before, by a friend\nwho was an SA trooper, a stormtrooper, to get out of the house. They spent the\nnight in the Jewish cemetery. When they came back toward, into the house or near\nthe house, [they] saw that everything was destroyed. They were put to jail or\nput in jail. They spent several days in jail, in, quote, \"protective custody\".\nNevertheless, they had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to . . . Then the life in Camberg, ceased. My life in\nFrankfurt ceased. We had applied for visas to the United States because we had\nconnections in the United States, and we were waiting to receive a visa for the\nUnited States. At that time, the visas, the number of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"visas from Germany . . .\neach country had a designated number of visas to be issued. The maximum from\nGermany, I don't really know what the number was, but it was never even\napproached. It was considerably less than the numbers that was allotted to\nGermany. So we were waiting for visas for in the United States for several\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years. My brother, in the meantime was in, the oldest brother, was in Frankfurt.\nHe of course, was kicked out of Frankfurt medical school, went to Paris and\nfinished medical . . . finished at the Sorbonne in chemistry, left Paris and had\nto go through Morocco in order to get a visa to the United States. He was the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first one [of us] in the United States. My middle brother went to an uncle in\nMilan [Italy] after finishing high school, stayed with him for several years.\nThe uncle in Milan had a motorcycle shop in Milan, [and] sent him to England in\nthe Ariel Motor Company, Motorcycle Company, and he was in in England for\nseveral years and he ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came to the United States by way of England. After\nKristallnacht, the only country that opened up their borders to the Jews of\nGermany were the English. The English passed a law that said, basically, \"Send\nus your children. We don't want adults. Anyone under 16, just put them on a\ntrain, send them to us, and we'll take care of them. We'll put them in homes,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we'll put them in farms, we'll put them in schools. We'll see that they get food\nand education.\" Train loads of children left Germany. Under this law, I left\nGermany and went to England. This was called the Kindertransport. The\nKindertransport took children ages one, two, three, on up to 16. Fortunately, by\nthis time my uncle in Holland [Netherlands] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had enough money in Holland and he\nsent money to England so that I could go to a boarding school in England and not\nbe at the mercy of the of the English public. So my education continued in\nEngland while we were waiting for a visa to the United States. My mother and\nfather, on the other hand, as they put me on a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"train, they stayed in Germany\nuntil two or three days before the war with Poland started in the 1st of\nSeptember 1939. I left, I think about December 1938. They could come to England,\nbecause by this time England passed a law again, saying that \"anyone ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who is\nwaiting for a visa to come to the United States, can come here, provided they\nhave enough money to sustain themselves until they leave.\" Again, my uncle in\nHolland put money into England so that my parents could survive in England\n[while] waiting for the visa to come through to the United States.\n\nTKAC: Can I ask you a few questions, going back to Kristallnacht. How did you\nand your aunt survive that that night? Were you warned about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it?\n\nMAY: Yes, we too were warned to get out of the apartment. We were living in an\napartment, in a rather large apartment in a very prominent part of Frankfurt.\nOne of the neighbors came to us, says, \"Get out of the house. They're going to\ncome and destroy it.\" And we walked the streets. We walked up and down the\nstreets. From the outside, walking by the apartment, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you could see nothing. They\ndid not destroy the outside windows, but anything within the apartment was\ndestroyed. So, again, the synagogues were burned because they were isolated and\nthey did not create a problem for everybody else. The fire department stood by\nso that the other neighbors would not catch fire. Of course, they couldn't burn\nthe apartment without ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"burning the whole building, and there were non-Jews living\nabove us and below us. But [in] the house, the apartment, I should say, all\nbreakable parts were destroyed. Mattresses were cut, upholstery was cut,\nfeathers all over the place, sinks were destroyed, toilets were destroyed. This\nwas a devastation. I remember going back the first night, we knew not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where to\nput our heads that night.\n\nTKAC: Before Kristallnacht, were there restrictions on where you could go to buy\nthings or on what you could buy?\n\nMAY: Well, in this little town in Camberg, we used to buy our groceries from\nthis grocery store across the street. In fact, I used to play with the little\ngirl [of the owner], she was my age and we used to play together, then sometime\nabout 1936 or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1937, a sign was put in the store, \"Jews are not welcome in this\nstore.\" And of course, we had a problem. We had to find another grocery store.\nWe had to go to a grocery store that was way on the other side of town, who\nwould accommodate our needs.\n\nGHIZONI: Was that a Jewish owned grocery store?\n\nMAY: No, no, no, no. This was gentile. This was all gentile, but he did not have\na sign on the door ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"signifying that he would accept Jewish customers.\n\nGHIZONI: Do you know at the time if there were any black markets where Jews\ncould shop or get things that they needed during this time?\n\nMAY: I'm not familiar with that. In Frankfurt, how shall I say, the signs were\nnot apparent to me. I was not aware of them. I was aware of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them in this little\ntown [Camberg]. Also in Frankfurt, you were more unidentifiable. In other words,\nwhether you . . . You could not be identified as being a Jew because they did\nnot know you personally. And [in Camberg] this little town, everybody knew\neverybody else.\n\nGHIZONI: So in Frankfurt, you can go to any shop that you needed to go to and\nbuy the things . . .\n\nMAY: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.\n\nGHIZONI: I think you were telling us that you arrived in England, and then your\nparents were able to come to England as well. Were they able to take anything\nwith them from Germany? Any valuables or . . .\n\nMAY: I remember Mother bringing one set of eating utensils, a knife, a fork, and\na ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"spoon. Silver, this was a silver service. She was allowed to carry one. She\nwas allowed to carry her wedding ring, but she was not allowed to bring any\n[other] jewelry of any sort.\n\nGHIZONI: And your father, do you know if he was able to take any valuables out?\n\nMAY: I. None. None that I know ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of.\n\nGHIZONI: So they joined you in England in 1939.\n\nMAY: Right.\n\nGHIZONI: And then what happened from there?\n\nMAY: In 1939, war broke out and Poland was overrun. Not until May of the\nfollowing year, 1940, Holland was overrun. My uncle and aunt who saw ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to it that\nI went to England, and also who stayed with me in Frankfurt, the aunt that\nstayed with me in Frankfurt, were caught in Holland by the Germans. Within . . .\nto the best of my knowledge, about 1942, they were deported to Auschwitz and\nthey were killed in Auschwitz. The situation ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in England was such that I was\ngoing to school in a boarding school in Brighton, England, right across the\n[English] channel from France. England was worried that the Germans were going\nto invade England, so they evacuated the school to a castle in Wales. After\nabout probably end of May, first part of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June, I was in Wales going to the same\nschool. We were all evacuated to that school. In August of that year, 1940, our\nvisas to the United States came through and we left.\n\nGHIZONI: Where were your parents during this time?\n\nMAY: My parents lived in London at this time.\n\nGHIZONI: And were they sponsored by somebody there? Or how did how do they live\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in London?\n\nMAY: They lived off the money that my uncle deposited in England for them to exist.\n\nGHIZONI: And then I'm sorry, you're in . . .\n\nMAY: In 1940 August, our visas came through and we left England very promptly. I\nthink it was probably, 15th to 20th of August . . . a day or two, before the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"London Blitz started. The London Blitz started within a day or two after we left\nLondon. We left by way of Liverpool [England], we went on a ship and we went on\na convoy to the United States. I remember being on a convoy and being attacked\nby submarines. I remember seeing a ship on our left-hand side being torpedoed,\nand us ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"standing under the lifeboats with our life vests on.\n\nGHIZONI: Your destination at this time was the United States?\n\nMAY: Our destination at this time, this ship was going to Havana [Cuba] and from\nthere, from Havana to South America. The first place we stopped was Bermuda, and\nwe were not allowed to get off of the boat, but went to Havana. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In Havana, that\nwas our destination. That was, our ticket ended up in Havana, and we had a visa\ngoing to go through Havana, to New Orleans [Louisiana, United States]. There was\na guy by the name of Batista, [he] was the dictator of Cuba at the time, and he\ntried to extort money from us. Of course, we had no money. So he put us in a\ncamp, separate. My mother was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"separated from my father and I. I remember being\nin a camp in Havana for about a week, until our boat from . . . and this was the\nbanana boat going from Havana to New Orleans, came and we were put on this boat.\nThis is how I came to New Orleans. This was 1940.\n\nGHIZONI: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Is there anything else you'd like to share with us?\n\nMAY: I didn't . . .\n\nGHIZONI: We've gone through all of our questions, but if there's anything else\nyou'd like to share with us, please do.\n\nMAY: Well, the interesting part is that here's is a kid, 14 years old, coming to\nthe United States, and here's a kid who was kicked out of school. Here's a kid\nwho basically ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was brought up without a childhood, so on. I went to school in New\nOrleans, I went to public school in New Orleans, and the head of the school\ninterviewed me and said, \"what grade are we going to put you in? You speak\npretty well English.\" At that time, I spoke English with a German accent and he\nsaid, \"Well, we'll ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"give you a math test.\" So they gave me a math test in high\nschool. I remember I was at this time 14 years old, [and he] said, \"we'll give\nyou an algebra test, and we'll give you a geometry test, and we'll see what you\ncan do.\" So they gave me a test. Lo and behold, they made me a junior. I\nfinished high school at 16. I went to Tulane during summer school. I finished my\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pre-med requirements in two years. I went to medical school at 18. I finished\nmedical school at 22. At 22, I went to take my internship and residency and the\nKorean War came along. I served in the Korean War. I went to the [United States]\nAir Force at age 24. I served in the Air Force until [I was] 26. I came to\nBirmingham [Alabama], when ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was about twenty- in 1954, I was 28. I had . . . by\nthis time I was married. I practiced medicine in Birmingham for almost 50 years.\nI had a wonderful life, and the people who made this possible were killed in\nAuschwitz. So my story basically is that a kid like [me], can do this in the\nUnited ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"States. Nowhere else, no other country would, was that was this possible?\nAnd only through education and only through, how I should I say, diligence and\nperseverance can you accomplish my life and overcome adversities. The third\npoint is, it takes a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family to raise a child. It took my aunt and uncle for me\nto accomplish this. And of course, Never again, must this happen. This is my life.\n\nTKAC: You have an incredible life story.\n\nMAY: So as I told you earlier, that my life, my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/transcript/41833/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"story is a little different, but\nit has distinct lessons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=1710.0,1740.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/annotation_set/984","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/annotation_set/984/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, is the sixth district of the 12 Federal Reserve Banks of the United States and is headquartered in midtown Atlanta, Georgia. The Atlanta Fed covers the U.S. states of Alabama, Florida, and Georgia, the eastern two-thirds of Tennessee, the southern portion of Louisiana, and southern Mississippi as part of the Federal Reserve System. (atlantafed.org)\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/annotation_set/984/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Alabama Holocaust Education Center (AHEC) first organized in 2002 as the Birmingham Holocaust Education Committee (BHEC), an all-volunteer sub-committee of the Alabama Holocaust Commission (AHC). The initial organizers included community volunteers, educators, and survivors who recognized the need for more Holocaust education in our community.  The organization functioned primarily through outreach, and development was driven by the passion and dedication of its volunteers along with tremendous support from the community.  Bayer Properties generously provided a home for the organization since its inception. In 2011, the organization changed its name to the Birmingham Holocaust Education “Center” (BHEC) to better reflect an identity unique from the AHC, and by 2014, the organization filed for its own 501c3 status and hired its first full-time, paid employee. In 2022, the Birmingham Holocaust Education Center (BHEC) changed its name to the “Alabama” Holocaust Education Center (AHEC) to better reflect is commitment to providing educational outreach throughout the state of Alabama. It also moved to a permanent location at 2100 Highland Avenue, Suite 101, enabling us to further our mission to teach about the history and lessons of the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/annotation_set/984/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJews were deported to Lodz. On November 11, 1,052 Jews were sent to Minsk, and another 902 were deported to Riga on November 22. During 1942, 2,952 Jews from Frankfurt were sent to Theresienstadt. More Jews were deported eastward in late 1942 and throughout 1943. The last transport of Jews from Frankfurt was transferred to Theresienstadt in January 1944. Altogether, only 600 Jews from Frankfurt survived the war.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/annotation_set/984/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War I, also called First World War or Great War, was an international conflict that in 1914–18 embroiled most of the nations of Europe along with Russia, the United States, the Middle East, and other regions. The war pitted the Central Powers—mainly Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey—against the Allies—mainly France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, Japan, and, from 1917, the United States. It ended with the defeat of the Central Powers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/annotation_set/984/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIron Cross, German Eiserne Kreuz, Prussian military decoration instituted in 1813 by Frederick William III for distinguished service in the Prussian War of Liberation. Use of the decoration was revived by William I for the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, recreated in 1914 for World War I, and last revived by Adolf Hitler on Sept. 1, 1939, the same day that German forces invaded Poland. Originally, the Cross had three classes, listed in ascending order: second class, first class, and Grand Cross, the latter being awarded only 19 times through the end of World War I (1918). A special class, the Grand Cross on a radiant star, was created especially for Field Marshal G.L. Blücher after the Battle of Waterloo (1815). It was awarded only once more, to Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg in 1918. A civilian order of the Cross was created for and conferred upon (1915) the English Germanophile Houston Stewart Chamberlain. From the time of its creation until the end of World War I, 5,719,300 Iron Crosses first and second class were awarded.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/annotation_set/984/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe 1918 flu pandemic (January 1918-December 1920) was an unusually deadly influenza pandemic, It infected people across the world, including remote Pacific islands and the Arctic, and killed 50 to 100 million of them—three to five percent of the world's population—making it one of the deadliest natural disasters in human history. In the United States it was commonly known as the \"Spanish Flu.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/annotation_set/984/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Taunus is a mountain range in Hesse, Germany, located north of Frankfurt. The tallest peak in the range is Großer Feldberg at 878 m; other notable peaks are Kleiner Feldberg (825 m) and Altkönig (798 m). The Taunus range spans the districts of Hochtaunuskreis, Main-Taunus-Kreis, Rheingau-Taunus, Limburg-Weilburg, and Rhein-Lahn. The range is known for its geothermal springs and mineral waters that formerly attracted members of the European aristocracy to its spa towns. The car line Ford Taunus is named after it.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/annotation_set/984/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAdolf Hitler (1889-1945) was a German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and Führer (“leader”) of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator of Nazi Germany, he initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939 and was a central figure of the Holocaust. Adolf Hitler applied for entrance into the Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna, Austria twice and was twice rejected, once in 1907 and again in 1908. For the next five years, Hitler struggled to earn money by selling small paintings, mostly images of buildings and other landmarks in Vienna that he copied from postcards. By 1914, Hitler was serving in World War I and would later enter politics. In his autobiographical manifesto, Mein Kampf, Hitler claimed that his antisemitic views formed during his time as a struggling artist in Vienna. His frustrated art career became part of the myth making—by Hitler himself and by his followers—that helped drive his fateful rise to power in Germany. Hitler was drafted for Austrian military service at the beginning of World War I but turned down due to lack of fitness. After moving to Germany, he enlisted as a German soldier in the summer of 1914 and was deployed to Belgium in October. Over the next two years, Hitler served first as an infantryman and then as a private. He won two decorations for bravery, including the Iron Cross First Class and was wounded twice. He was recovering from his second injury when the war ended. Hitler loved animals in general, but his favorite were dogs and especially German Shepherds. He was known to have had several dogs during his lifetime.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/annotation_set/984/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSorbonne University is a public research university located in Paris, France. The institution's legacy reaches back to 1257 when Sorbonne College was established by Robert de Sorbon as one of the first universities in Europe. Sorbonne University is considered one of the most prestigious universities in Europe and the world. It has a world-class reputation in academia and industry.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/annotation_set/984/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn Germany, the Nuremberg Laws of 1935 were passed on November 15, 1935. They formed the cornerstone of the German Nazi Party’s racial policy and heralded in a new wave of antisemitic legislation that brought about immediate and concrete segregation. They included the Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor, prohibiting marriages and sexual relations between Jews and Germans, and the Reich Citizenship Law, which stripped Jews of their German citizenship. Allies of the Nazis emulated these laws. The Nazis’ racial laws were a set of policies and laws, asserting the superiority of the “Aryan race,” and based on a specific racist doctrine, which claimed scientific legitimacy. These policies targeted Jews, Gypsies, homosexuals, handicapped people, and others who were labeled as inferior in a racial hierarchy to the “master race” of Germans.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/annotation_set/984/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn November 7, 1939, Herschel Grynszpan, a 17-year-old Polish Jew living in Paris, shot German diplomat, Ernst vom Rath in Paris. Grynszpan apparently acted out of despair over the fate of his parents, who are trapped along with other Polish Jewish deportees in a no-man’s-land between Germany and Poland. The Nazis used the shooting as antisemitic propaganda fervor, claiming that Grynszpan was part of a wider Jewish conspiracy. When Vom Rath died two days later, the Nazis used the incident to fuel violent pogroms. On November 8 and 9, 1938, the Nazis started a state-sponsored nationwide pogrom. Across the country (and in Austria) Jewish synagogues, homes and businesses were looted and burned, Jews were attacked on the streets and 91 were killed. Thousands of Jewish men were sent to concentration camps for several weeks and released only when they agreed to leave the country as soon as possible. The Jews were made to pay for the damages to their premises. The pogrom was called “Kristallnacht,” which means “Night of Broken Glass,” because of all the damage done to Jewish shop windows. Thousands of German Jews and close to 6,000 Austrian Jews were arrested after Kristallnacht and deported to the Dachau or Buchenwald concentration camps in Germany. Most were released within a few weeks, but only if they promised to immigrate immediately, leaving their property behind.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/annotation_set/984/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Philanthropin is a Jewish elementary school and gymnasium in Frankfurt, Germany. It was founded in 1804 by Mayer Amschel Rothschild. The school was supported financially by the government and was from the start also open to non-Jewish pupils. The school's motto was \"for enlightenment and humanity.\" The school became a prominent center of liberal Judaism in the 19th century; many of its teachers were active in the Jewish reform movement. At its peak it had around 1,000 pupils. The high school remained open until April 1941, while the elementary school had to close in June 1942.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/annotation_set/984/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJosef Goebbels was the Propaganda Minister in the Third Reich. He committed suicide with his entire family in the Hitler bunker on May 19, 1945.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/annotation_set/984/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePogrom is a Russian word meaning \"to wreak havoc, to demolish violently\" that historically refers to violent attacks by local non-Jewish populations on Jews. Anti-Jewish pogroms in the Russian Empire were large-scale, targeted, and repeated anti-Jewish rioting that first began in the 19th century. Pogroms began occurring after the Russian Empire acquired territories with large Jewish populations from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Ottoman Empire during 1772–1815.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/annotation_set/984/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Sturmabteilung, also known as the “Storm Troopers,” “Brown Shirts,” or “SA,” was the paramilitary of the Nazi Party commanded by Ernst Röhm and responsible for helping Adolf Hitler rise to power in Germany in the 1920s and early 1930s. By 1934, tensions within the party saw Heinrich Himmler and the SS (Schutzstaffel) replace Rohm and the Sturmabteilung’s position as the dominant organization within the Nazi Party.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/annotation_set/984/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGoethe University was founded in 1914 as a unique “citizens’ university,” financed by wealthy citizens in Frankfurt, Germany. Named in 1932 after one of the city’s most famous natives, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, today the university has over 48,000 students. In 1933, 109 of 355 teachers are dismissed following the National Socialist Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service on the grounds that they are “jüdisch versippt” – closely related to Jews. Another 16 are dismissed for political reasons. With their exclusion, the university’s open and liberal climate of reform is extinguished. In April, German law restricted the number of Jewish students at German schools and universities. On March 5, the National Socialist Rector Ernst Krieck raises the red swastika flag on campus; it is followed five days later with the Frankfurt book burning. In 1935, A new institute for “Genetics and Racial Hygiene”, headed by Ottmar von Verscheurs, is founded; Ernst Mengele also works here.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/annotation_set/984/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGoethe University was founded in 1914 as a unique “citizens’ university,” financed by wealthy citizens in Frankfurt, Germany. Named in 1932 after one of the city’s most famous natives, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, today the university has over 48,000 students. In 1933, 109 of 355 teachers are dismissed following the National Socialist Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service on the grounds that they are “jüdisch versippt” – closely related to Jews. Another 16 are dismissed for political reasons. With their exclusion, the university’s open and liberal climate of reform is extinguished. In April, German law restricted the number of Jewish students at German schools and universities. On March 5, the National Socialist Rector Ernst Krieck raises the red swastika flag on campus; it is followed five days later with the Frankfurt book burning. In 1935, A new institute for “Genetics and Racial Hygiene”, headed by Ottmar von Verscheurs, is founded; Ernst Mengele also works here.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/annotation_set/984/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e“Kindertransport” is the name given to a series of rescue missions that assisted Jewish children in leaving Nazi-occupied Europe. The United Kingdom took in nearly 10,000 predominantly Jewish children from Nazi Germany and the occupied territories of Austria, and ex-Czechoslovakia. The children were placed in British foster homes, hostels, and on farms. Some transports were organized by Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants (OSE) in France where German-Jewish children were put up in a series of OSE children’s homes. Beginning in March 1939, several transports brought children from Vienna, Berlin, Frankfurt and other places in Germany to France. When the Germans occupied France, the 144 children, in two separate transports, were smuggled out of France into Portugal where they caught a ship to the United States. The first transport left on June 21, 1941 and the second on September 1, 1941. Altogether the OSE sheltered and assisted in getting nearly 1,600 Jewish children out Nazi-occupied areas. The Jüdische Wohlfahrtspflege (Jewish Social Services) of the Jewish community in Frankfurt was in charge of the organization of the transports in the southwest of Germany. In Frankfurt, the head of a Jewish orphanage, Isidor Marx, was active in organizing transports of children as well as Martha Wertheimer, a journalist and social worker who accompanied several transports.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/annotation_set/984/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II officially began in Europe when Germany invaded Poland on Friday, September 1, 1939. Britain and France responded by declaring war on Germany on September 3. In 1939, Britain and France had signed a series of military agreements with Poland that formed a military alliance based on mutual assistance in case of a military invasion from Germany. The support of Britain and France proved only nominal, however. Within a month, Poland was defeated by a combination of German and Soviet forces and was partitioned between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/annotation_set/984/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGermany attacked western Europe on May 10, 1940. On April 9, 1940, Denmark was occupied by Germany. Belgium and the Netherlands surrendered in May and France signed an armistice agreement on June 22, 1940.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/annotation_set/984/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAuschwitz-Birkenau was a network of camps built and operated by Germany just outside the Polish town of Oswiecem (renamed “Auschwitz” by the Germans) in Polish areas annexed by Germany during World War II. It is estimated that the SS and police deported at a minimum 1.3 million people (approximately 1.1 million of which were Jews) to the Auschwitz-Birkenau complex between 1940 and 1945. Camp authorities murdered 1.1 million of these prisoners.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/annotation_set/984/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe ‘Blitz’, or the ‘London Blitz’, was the sustained bombing of London by Germany between September 7, 1940 and May 10, 1941.  Many other cities were bombed as well, including Coventry, which was destroyed. The Luftwaffe [German air force] bombed London for 76 consecutive days and nights.  More than 1,000,000 homes were destroyed or damaged, one in six Londoners were made homeless, and more than 40,000 civilians were killed, half of them in London.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/annotation_set/984/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFulgencio Batista y Zaldívar, (born January 16, 1901, Banes, Cuba—died August 6, 1973, Marbella, Spain), soldier and political leader who twice ruled Cuba—first in 1933–44 with an efficient government and again in 1952–59 as a dictator, jailing his opponents, using terrorist methods, and making fortunes for himself and his associates. The son of impoverished farmers, Batista worked in a variety of jobs until he joined the army in 1921, starting as a stenographer. He rose to the rank of sergeant and developed a large personal following. In September 1933 he organized the “sergeants’ revolt”; it toppled the provisional regime of Carlos Manuel de Céspedes, which had replaced the dictatorial regime of Gerardo Machado y Morales. In the process, Batista became the most powerful man in Cuba and the country’s de facto leader.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/annotation_set/984/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTulane University, officially the Tulane University of Louisiana, is a private research university in New Orleans, Louisiana. Founded as the Medical College of Louisiana in 1834 by seven young medical doctors, it was turned into a comprehensive public university as the University of Louisiana by the state legislature in 1847. The institution became private under the endowments of Paul Tulane and Josephine Louise Newcomb in 1884 and 1887.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/annotation_set/984/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Korean War was a war between North Korea (with the support of China and the Soviet Union) and South Korea (with the support of the United Nations, principally from the United States). The war began on June 25, 1950 when North Korea invaded South Korea following clashes along the border and insurrections in the south. The war ended unofficially on July 27, 1953 in an armistice.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=1590.0,1620.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/index/52628","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["May, Robert [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/index/52628/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Introducing self, family, and life prior to World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=20.0,195.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/index/52628/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm Robert May. I was born in a small town of about 2000 people,","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=20.0,195.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/index/52628/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Camberg, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Frankfurt, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Iron Cross","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Middle Class","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Taunus Mountains","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War I","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=20.0,195.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/index/52628/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Life changes when Hitler came to power in 1933","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=195.0,421.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/index/52628/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Can you describe for us what happened after Hitler came to power?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=195.0,421.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/index/52628/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"boycotted","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hitler, Adolf (1889-1945)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"isolated and segregated","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kicked out of school","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nuremberg laws","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Paris, France","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sorbonne","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=195.0,421.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/index/52628/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The state of life between the time of Hitler's rise and Kristallnacht","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=421.0,594.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/index/52628/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Can you tell us about your life leading up to Kristallnacht?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795#t=421.0,594.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86539/file/174795/index/52628/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Camberg, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Frankfurt, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kristallnacht","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"living off of 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