{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/qf8jd4rs62/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Kurtzman, Marie"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2007-09-18 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Kurtzman, Marie (Interviewee)","Berman, Sandra (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther \u0026amp; Herbert Taylor Jewish Oral History Collection"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eMarie Kurtzman was interviewed by Sandra Berman on September 18, 2007, in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003e Marie Grude Kurtzman was born on September 9, 1909, in Atlanta, Georgia, to Abraham and Anna Rosenbloom Groodzinsky. She had one older brother, Samuel. At some point, the family changed their last name from Groodzinsky to Grude. Her father, Abraham owned and operated a grocery store. During the High Holy Days, her mother operated a small restaurant in their home. As a child, Marie and her family attended Ahavath Achim Synagogue.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eMarie attended Commercial High School and moved to New York City after graduating. In New York, she lived with her aunt Mary Davis and worked at Gimbels. She met her husband, Joseph Kurtzman, at work. They married in 1926, and had their only child, Lewis, in 1928. They later moved back to Atlanta where Joe managed a liquor store. Marie eventually went to work for Rich’s Department Store and worked there for almost 30 years. She and Joe had three grandchildren and five great grandchildren. Joe passed away in 1998, and Marie passed away in 2008. \u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eMarie begins the interview by detailing her how her father and mother’s family came to United States and settled in Georgia. She talks about her mother’s parents, Abraham Rosenbloom and Jennie Rosenbloom. She discusses that her grandfather Rosenbloom operated a store in Fayetteville, Georgia. She mentions her father’s parents, Louis and Lizzie Groodzinsky settling in Atlanta. Marie shares her memories of time spent with her Rosenbloom grandparents. She recalls her grandfather Rosenbloom’s store in Fayetteville, Georgia and how the community was very accepting of him.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eMarie remembers how her grandfather Rosenbloom practiced his Judaism, remained kosher his entire life, and attended synagogue when he came to Atlanta. She mentions that both her grandfathers were founding members of Ahavath Achim Synagogue in Atlanta and that they had named seats for life in the shul. She shares her memories of attending synagogue as a child. She talks about her parents meeting and marrying in the city auditorium during a terrible ice storm. She mentions that her father owned a grocery store.  \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eMarie spoke about living in the Cabbagetown neighborhood and how they lived near the Fulton Bag and Cotton Mill. She describes how her father sold lunch to the factory workers, and that it was very successful until the mill owner added a cafeteria to the mill. She recalls the Leo Frank trial and an incident with the Ku Klux Klan that happened in her aunt Lottie’s neighborhood. She discusses her memories of childhood activities including picnics at Piedmont Park, going to synagogue and the Jewish Alliance.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eMarie describes how her mother ran a kosher restaurant in their home during the High Holy Days and what a wonderful cook she was. She recalls meeting friends at the Jewish Alliance and belonging to the Progressive Club after she was married. She remembers getting her job at Rich’s and working there for 28 years. She recalls living in the Morningside neighborhood and later moving to Lenox Road until her husband passed away.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eMarie spoke more about her youth and how they only associated with those who attended Ahavath Achim and not the Reform Jews at The Temple. She share more about spending time with her extended family and not really socializing with non-Jews. She mentions the antisemitism she and her brother faced at school and their father moving them to another school. She talks about attending Commercial High School and moving to New York City after graduating.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eMarie remembers living with her aunt in New York and working at Gimbels department store where she met her husband. She spoke about living in New York for several years and her son, Lewis being born there. She discusses moving back to Atlanta, where her husband managed a liquor store until he retired. She share her memories of World War I and attending social events with the soldiers. She also mentions her memories to the Great Depression. Marie recounts how the Atlanta Jewish community changed after World War II.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eShe discusses some of the Jewish community activities that she was involved with over the years. Marie recalls her memories of African American integration in Atlanta. She shares a few more of her favorite memories from her childhood including Passover and visiting the Lakewood Fairgrounds. She remembers attending the premiere of Gone With the Wind in Atlanta and seeing Clark Gable and Vivien Leigh. She shares her memories of Rabbi Harry Epstein and why she liked living in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eMarie talks about her son, Lewis, his childhood, and becoming a grandmother. She mentions a few of her friends from childhood. She shares a few more stories from her childhood including living in the Cabbagetown neighborhood. She recalls that her and her brother thought their nanny was their mother until their mother explained she wasn’t. Marie also recounts how the midwife pierced her ears right after she was born without asking her mother. She shares more memories of working at Rich’s and how well the staff was treated. She concludes the interview by recalling her memories of President John F. Kennedy being assassinated.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/29448"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Kurtzman, Marie Grude (1909-2008) (personal name)","Kurtzman, Joseph (1901-1998) (personal name)","Kurtzman, Lewis (1928-2020) (personal name)","Grude “Groodzinsky,” Abraham (1885-1951) (personal name)","Grude, Anna “Annie” Rosenbloom (1888-1965) (personal name)","Grude, Samuel (1907-2011) (personal name)","Groodzinsky, Louis (1859-1919) (personal name)","Groodzinsky, Elizabeth “Lizzie” (1865-1940) (personal name)","Rosenbloom, Abraham (1865-1939) (personal name)","Rosenbloom, Jennie Pertuch (1863-1910) (personal name)","Rosenbloom, Gertrude “Gussie” (1878-1953) (personal name)","Davis, Mary Rosenbloom (1896-1973) (personal name)","Davis, Benjamin “Ben” (1893-1965) (personal name)","Manuel, Sara Rosenbloom (1889-1969) (personal name)","Borochoff, Lottie Rosenbloom (1884-1978) (personal name)","Mendel, Hyman (1872-1954) (personal name)","Jacobs, Abraham (1849-1937) (personal name)","Hirmes, Rabbi Abraham (188?-1946) (personal name)","Epstein, Rabbi Harry (1903-2003) (personal name)","Epstein, Reva Chashesman (1905-2001) (personal name)","Elsas, Jacob (1842-1932) (personal name)","Frank, Leo (1884-1915) (personal name)","Gold, Solomon (1878-1975) (personal name)","Rich, Richard H. “Dick” (1902-1975) (personal name)","Rich, Morris (1847-1928) (personal name)","Rich, Michael (1938-1991) (personal name)","Gordon, Charles “Country” (1913-2003) (personal name)","Gable, Clark (1901-1960) (personal name)","Leigh, Vivien (1913-1967)gh, Vivien (1913-1967) (personal name)","Miller, Theresea Reisman (1910-1979) (personal name)","Hurwitz, Herschel (1911-1993) (personal name)","Asher, Joseph (1901-1992) (personal name)","Strauss Jr., Oscar (1908-1981) (personal name)","Ferst Jr., Alvin (1922-2009) (personal name)","Goldberg, Joel (1925-2010) (personal name)","Kennedy, John F. (1917-1963) (personal name)","New York, New York (geographic term)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","Fayetteville, Georgia (geographic term)","Columbus, Georgia (geographic term)","Cabbagetown neighborhood (geographic term)","Morningside/Lenox Park neighborhood (geographic term)","Ahavath Achim Synagogue (corporate name)","City Auditorium and Armory (corporate name)","Fulton Bag and Cotton Mills (corporate name)","Jewish Educational Alliance (corporate name)","The Progressive Club (corporate name)","The United States Navy (corporate name)","Rich’s (corporate name)","The Temple (corporate name)","Boulevard School (corporate name)","Boys High School (corporate name)","Commercial High School (corporate name)","Gimbels (corporate name)","Camp Gordon (corporate name)","Hadassah (corporate name)","Mizrachi (corporate name)","Pioneer Women (corporate name)","ORT (corporate name)","The Hebrew Orphans’ Home (corporate name)","The Lakewood Fairgrounds (corporate name)","The Capitol Theatre (corporate name)","The Paramount Theater (corporate name)","The Fox Theatre (corporate name)","Davis Street School (corporate name)","Crew Street School (corporate name)","Grant Park (corporate name)","Oakland Cemetery (corporate name)","Davison’s of Atlanta (corporate name)","World War II (named event)","World War I (named event)","The Great Depression (named event)","Bar mitzvah (topical term)","Kashrut (topical term)","Shochet (topical term)","Hanukkah (topical term)","Rosh HaShanah (topical term)","Yom Kippur (topical term)","Shul (topical term)","Shabbat (topical term)","Cheder (topical term)","Antisemitism (topical term)","Ku Klux Klan (topical term)","Piedmont Park (topical term)","Reform Judaism (topical term)","Segregation (topical term)","Gone With the Wind (topical term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eMarie Kurtzman was interviewed by Sandra Berman on September 18, 2007, in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;Marie Grude Kurtzman was born on September 9, 1909, in Atlanta, Georgia, to Abraham and Anna Rosenbloom Groodzinsky. She had one older brother, Samuel. At some point, the family changed their last name from Groodzinsky to Grude. Her father, Abraham owned and operated a grocery store. During the High Holy Days, her mother operated a small restaurant in their home. As a child, Marie and her family attended Ahavath Achim Synagogue.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eMarie attended Commercial High School and moved to New York City after graduating. In New York, she lived with her aunt Mary Davis and worked at Gimbels. She met her husband, Joseph Kurtzman, at work. They married in 1926, and had their only child, Lewis, in 1928. They later moved back to Atlanta where Joe managed a liquor store. Marie eventually went to work for Rich\u0026rsquo;s Department Store and worked there for almost 30 years. She and Joe had three grandchildren and five great grandchildren. Joe passed away in 1998, and Marie passed away in 2008.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarie begins the interview by detailing her how her father and mother\u0026rsquo;s family came to United States and settled in Georgia. She talks about her mother\u0026rsquo;s parents, Abraham Rosenbloom and Jennie Rosenbloom. She discusses that her grandfather Rosenbloom operated a store in Fayetteville, Georgia. She mentions her father\u0026rsquo;s parents, Louis and Lizzie Groodzinsky settling in Atlanta. Marie shares her memories of time spent with her Rosenbloom grandparents. She recalls her grandfather Rosenbloom\u0026rsquo;s store in Fayetteville, Georgia and how the community was very accepting of him.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eMarie remembers how her grandfather Rosenbloom practiced his Judaism, remained kosher his entire life, and attended synagogue when he came to Atlanta. She mentions that both her grandfathers were founding members of Ahavath Achim Synagogue in Atlanta and that they had named seats for life in the shul. She shares her memories of attending synagogue as a child. She talks about her parents meeting and marrying in the city auditorium during a terrible ice storm. She mentions that her father owned a grocery store. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eMarie spoke about living in the Cabbagetown neighborhood and how they lived near the Fulton Bag and Cotton Mill. She describes how her father sold lunch to the factory workers, and that it was very successful until the mill owner added a cafeteria to the mill. She recalls the Leo Frank trial and an incident with the Ku Klux Klan that happened in her aunt Lottie\u0026rsquo;s neighborhood. She discusses her memories of childhood activities including picnics at Piedmont Park, going to synagogue and the Jewish Alliance.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eMarie describes how her mother ran a kosher restaurant in their home during the High Holy Days and what a wonderful cook she was. She recalls meeting friends at the Jewish Alliance and belonging to the Progressive Club after she was married. She remembers getting her job at Rich\u0026rsquo;s and working there for 28 years. She recalls living in the Morningside neighborhood and later moving to Lenox Road until her husband passed away.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eMarie spoke more about her youth and how they only associated with those who attended Ahavath Achim and not the Reform Jews at The Temple. She share more about spending time with her extended family and not really socializing with non-Jews. She mentions the antisemitism she and her brother faced at school and their father moving them to another school. She talks about attending Commercial High School and moving to New York City after graduating.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eMarie remembers living with her aunt in New York and working at Gimbels department store where she met her husband. She spoke about living in New York for several years and her son, Lewis being born there. She discusses moving back to Atlanta, where her husband managed a liquor store until he retired. She share her memories of World War I and attending social events with the soldiers. She also mentions her memories to the Great Depression. Marie recounts how the Atlanta Jewish community changed after World War II.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eShe discusses some of the Jewish community activities that she was involved with over the years. Marie recalls her memories of African American integration in Atlanta. She shares a few more of her favorite memories from her childhood including Passover and visiting the Lakewood Fairgrounds. She remembers attending the premiere of Gone With the Wind in Atlanta and seeing Clark Gable and Vivien Leigh. She shares her memories of Rabbi Harry Epstein and why she liked living in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eMarie talks about her son, Lewis, his childhood, and becoming a grandmother. She mentions a few of her friends from childhood. She shares a few more stories from her childhood including living in the Cabbagetown neighborhood. She recalls that her and her brother thought their nanny was their mother until their mother explained she wasn\u0026rsquo;t. Marie also recounts how the midwife pierced her ears right after she was born without asking her mother. She shares more memories of working at Rich\u0026rsquo;s and how well the staff was treated. She concludes the interview by recalling her memories of President John F. Kennedy being assassinated.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/306/637/small/Kurtzman_Marie.mp4_1774443010.jpg?1774443011","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Kurtzman_Marie.mp4"]},"duration":3704.73437,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/306/637/small/Kurtzman_Marie.mp4_1774443010.jpg?1774443011","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/306/637/original/Kurtzman_Marie.mp4?1774443006","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":3704.73437,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Kurtzman, Marie [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Today is September 18, 2007. My name is Sandra Berman, and I'm here to interview Marie Kurtzman for the Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Project of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum. Thank you so much for agreeing to do this interview Mrs. Kurtzman. I'd like to begin. You asked earlier where we'd like to begin, and we'd to begin at the very beginning. We'd like begin about how your family ended up in Georgia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2.0,32.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e My grandfather, Abraham Rosenbloom, came over from Poland and he was supposed to stay in New York [New York]. He met Mr. Mendel who also at one time lived here in Atlanta [Georgia], but he has passed on. Mr. Mendel suggested that it would be better for him to come to Georgia, that he would stand a better chance of settling down and making a living than staying in New York. They did. They both came to Atlanta.  Mr. Mendel opened up a store where he sold clothing and things like that. My grandfather didn't care to be indoors like that, so as far as I can remember, he had a buggy and a horse. He used to go to little towns and sell all kind of dry goods and stuff like that. We used to laugh; he used to even fit glasses. How he got that trade we do not know. He stayed in Fayetteville, Georgia as far as we know for 30 years. To be honest, he was the only Jewish person in that town for so many, many years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=32.0,113.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Quick question, what year was this that he emigrated?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=113.0,117.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e It had to be in the 1800’s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=117.0,119.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you know approximately?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=119.0,121.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e No. My father came over with his family, my father was 13, and they all had come to Atlanta around the same time. The Rosenbloom family and the Groodzinsky family, they met here in Atlanta.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=121.0,142.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e The Groodzinsky is your?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=142.0,144.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e They were all here around the same time, and because my father was bar mitzvah here, he was 13 years old.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=144.0,151.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What was his name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=151.0,153.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e My father, Abraham Groodzinsky, and he had a lovely father, and I had a grandmother, Lizzie, and I have two beautiful aunts, and I've had an uncle all from the Groodzinsky side.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=153.0,168.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e If we could go back a little bit and get this family tree correct, your grandfather was Rosenbloom, Abraham Rosenbloom, and he married who?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=168.0,182.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e He was married to Jennie.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=182.0,185.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Jennie?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=185.0,186.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't know what her last name was.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=186.0,189.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=189.0,190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e He brought her and the three daughters over from Poland, and the fourth daughter was born here in Atlanta, Georgia. She married later, her name was Mary, and four sisters lived here for many, many years together. Then Aunt Sara moved away, but the rest of the family remained in Atlanta.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=190.0,215.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e His daughter married?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=215.0,218.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e My grandfather, Rosenbloom, was married to Jennie, and my grandfather, Groodzinsky, was married to Lizzie.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=218.0,227.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=227.0,228.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Lizzie had two beautiful daughters and two wonderful sons. The only one that; none of them, of course, are living now, but they were a beautiful family, and we used to love to go over and be with them. We couldn't wait to go to Fayetteville in the summertime, because we used to [phone rings, interview stops, then resumes]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=228.0,255.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Stop it for a minute.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=255.0,256.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Because like I say my father was 13, so my mother had to be around the same age or something like that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=256.0,261.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KURTZMAN, LEWIS: I figured back one time, from the year that he died to 13 and it's within five years of 1890-1895.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=261.0,273.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Great. They emigrated around the turn of the century.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=273.0,276.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, could be.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=276.0,277.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Turn of the last century . . . Your grandfather Rosenbloom ended up going to Fayetteville after peddling.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=277.0,286.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e The Groodzinsky family remained in Atlanta, and he dealt in antiques. He would go around to estates that were being sold and bought up stuff, and then he would resell it and all that, and that was his business as far back as I can remember.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=286.0,304.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e His first name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=304.0,306.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Louis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=306.0,309.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Why do you think your grandfather Rosenbloom stayed in Fayetteville?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=309.0,314.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Because he was making a very good living, and he loved the life of a little town. His home is still there. Lew took me down not long ago to see it and the people that are living there were very, very nice. He let us go in, and of course it didn't look like when my grandfather lived there but we thoroughly enjoyed it because we remember it when. When we used to go down there on Sundays, they had a well on the back porch, and we'd take turns bringing up a bucket of water. He had been married for a second time because my grandmother, Jennie, had passed away and he remarried. This lady lived in Fayetteville. She was so happy to be living there.  She used to make homemade ice cream when we'd come.  My cousins, the Borochoffs, would try to come at the same time. We'd sit on the back porch and turn the ice cream thing. He had peach trees, every kind of a fruit you could think of, and chickens and all this. We thoroughly enjoyed going there. He had, and I'll tell you a little story. Can I tell it to you? When we started going down there, he had a goose. The goose must have been three feet high. He lived about two miles from the store where he lived. At that time, he got a T-model. He used to drive back and forth from the house to the store. When he'd get to the top of the hill, where he had to turn into the street where he lived, that goose would be sitting there waiting for him. Then the goose would get in front of the car, and he'd walk on down in front of the house and my granddaddy, dared not to go a little fast because he could run over him, but he had that goose for 20-some-odd years and finally he died of old age.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=314.0,446.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you remember the goose's name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=446.0,447.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e All we knew it was a goose. Lew witnessed it. When he was older, he got to see it. We used to laugh about it all the time. My grandfather kept kosher. He had a young man down there that'd bring him and his wife into Atlanta every week and they'd get chickens and take it to the shochet and they'd kill them. He'd go to Mr. Zimmerman's kosher store and buy meat and stuff like that. Up until the day he died, he was kosher. He never tasted anything that wasn't kosher, and he was a great old man.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=447.0,487.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What was the name of the business, the store?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=487.0,489.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e He had a great big store, Rosenbloom's store. When the children, when we were all small, he would take us over to the store and he'd give the boys a pair of pants and the girls would get a dress. That was what we looked forward to when we'd go to Fayetteville. I had to be anywhere from maybe five years on up until I was, could have been about ten or eleven years old. He was just a wonderful, wonderful [man]. Hanukkah, he'd come to my Aunt Lottie's house. She lived at 99 Piedmont Avenue. The whole family would come over, and he'd line all of us grandchildren up and he would give us a silver dollar. It was Hanukkah gelt. We did that for many, many years. In fact, Lew happened, it was a generation that he was still doing it until he passed away.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=489.0,546.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e When did he pass away?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=546.0,548.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e We were living on . . . we had that. [interviewee looks to someone off camera, possibly her son Lewis]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=548.0,554.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e About 1937, 1947, 1963, 1953.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=554.0,563.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e No, it had to be in the 1930’s. [off camera Lewis Kurtzman states,1943 or so] Something like that, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=563.0,572.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What do you think was the appeal for him to stay in Fayetteville being the only Jewish family?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=572.0,578.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e They treated him like he was a king. He had this great big huge store and out in front he had benches. In front of his store, he had a well and facing him was the city hall. The farmers would come in at the end of the season, and they dressed their children up for school and things like that. Then they'd go out and sit on that bench and meet one another and talk and this and that. He just loved the life, and he didn't want to live in the city.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=578.0,615.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Was he able to go to synagogue ever?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=615.0,617.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. He would come in for Rosh HaShanah and Yom Kippur and he would stay at one of the daughters’ houses. In fact, I'll tell you a little story. When they all first came to Atlanta, they didn't have a synagogue. Mr. Mendel, my two grandfathers, and there were two other people, I can't remember their names. There was a man . . . Are you familiar with Decatur Street? There was a Jewish man had a grocery store down on Decatur Street, and upstairs he had an empty loft. This group propositioned him to rent that to them and let them make a little shul out of it. He was willing to do it, which he did. They had services there every Shabbos and on the holidays, until many, many years later, they built the first AA [Ahavath Achim] on Piedmont Avenue. My grandfather Rosenbloom, in this AA that they built on Washington Street, they had his name on the seat, and he had that seat for life. When he passed away, my Uncle Davis, who was married to my Aunt Mary, he got that seat. Then they moved over to where they're at now. But I remember when they built the first one down on Piedmont Avenue, I must have been about eight or nine years old, and my brother was two years older than me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=617.0,719.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e It was Gilmer Street.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=719.0,722.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. We all, the women sit upstairs and the men would sit downstairs. The kids were all over the place. It was our own holiday, because we'd meet when this and that and all. The boys used to go to the drug store and get some kind of a smelling sauce. They'd bring it up for the old ladies to inhale because they were fasting and they were on the verge of passing out. [interviewee laughs] Those are wonderful memories.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=722.0,749.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Those are great memories. I just want to finish with Fayetteville for one second. Did your grandfather ever talk about any kind of antisemitism that he experienced there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=749.0,762.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e No. They treated him [like] he was like a godsend to them. They just loved Mr. Rosenbloom. He was just so outstanding. Many, many years later other stores opened up, not Jewish people, and they had a car dealer and this and that and all. But it was just nice little town. After he passed away the daughters didn't want the store anymore, so they sold it to another Jewish couple that had just gotten married, and they moved to Fayetteville to carry on where he left off. What's there now? I really don't know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=762.0,805.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What was their names?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=805.0,806.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e All I know, her name was Sara, I don't remember anything else.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=806.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Now let's get to you. Your parents met in Atlanta.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=810.0,816.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e That's right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=816.0,817.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e How did they meet?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=817.0,818.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't know. They were neighbors or something. It was a very small community, and they used to go to shul and this and that and all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=818.0,828.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e That was AA, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=828.0,829.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e The two families got acquainted, and that's how they met and got married.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=829.0,839.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Were they married at AA?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=839.0,841.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e No, they were married at the city auditorium. My mother used to tell me they were married on March the first, and that day there was a terrible ice storm here in Atlanta. They had to put socks on the horses so they could pull the buggies around where they could get married at the auditorium. My mother used to laugh about it. She said it was so funny to see. But that was that. At that time most of the Jewish people lived on Piedmont Avenue, Gilmer Street, Butler Street. The kosher store was over there. My brother used to go to cheder. His teacher was a Mr. Jacobs with a long white beard. The children were scared to death of him because he hit them with a ruler. That was our childhood.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=841.0,902.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Who was the first rabbi you remember?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=902.0,906.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . You got me there, I can't.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=906.0,908.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you remember Rabbi [Abraham] Hirmes at AA at all?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=908.0,911.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I remember Rabbi [Harry] Epstein, because we remember he went off and brought his wife back as a bride and that. There were others, but I really don't recall. I'm sorry, because I should, but I don't.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=911.0,929.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh no, that's fine. Did you go to Sunday school?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=929.0,932.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e We went to Sunday school on Sunday mornings. My dad would take us over and then sometimes, he'd pick us up and we'd come home, but most of the times we'd go over to the Groodzinsky's. My bubbe used to have a stove full of enough meat and chicken and stuff to feed an army. We'd stay there most of day to visit. It was just a great life. We were very close. Everybody was close.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=932.0,961.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What did your father do?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=961.0,963.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e He had a grocery store.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=963.0,966.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Where was it located?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=966.0,967.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e At that time, it seems like, I'm not saying this just, but it seems every Jew in Atlanta had a grocery store, if you didn't have a grocery store, you weren't in style.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=967.0,975.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What was the name of it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=975.0,978.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Abe's Grocery Store.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=978.0,980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Where was it located?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=980.0,981.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e At one time he had a store on Higgett Street in a black section, and then he had another store on Houston Street. But this is a little story that I must tell you. I had to be not more than eight years old, a little bit older. We moved where the Fulton Bag Cotton Mill is, they call it Cabbagetown now. They had this great big brick wall around the mill. My father took it upon himself to go to visit Mr. [Jacob] Elsas. He was the owner of it. He asked him, would he give him permission to cut a hole in the wall so that the people could come down and order hamburgers and hot dogs and drinks and stuff like that, because they didn't have a cafeteria.  Mr. Elsas says, \"I don't see why not.\" To make a long story short, he had it for three years. He did very, very well. One day he received a letter from Mr. Elsas specifying that he was closing the hole up and they were putting a cafeteria inside of the factory. The only thing my father could figure that he's under the impression that he's becoming too rich, and he just couldn't do it anymore, so that was the end of that. Then we moved from there over on Powell Street to a beautiful residential section and we had a lovely, lovely grocery store and we lived in a great big two-story house and my father had a car and it was just a wonderful life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=981.0,1094.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e For the purpose of the tape, what year were you born?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1094.0,1099.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e 1909. September 9. My brother was born July 9 in 1707 . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1099.0,1108.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . 1907.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1108.0,1109.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. It's so odd that our birthdays are so close, two years apart but the same date.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1109.0,1116.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e You were a very little girl when the Leo Frank case happened.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1116.0,1120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, we did and we heard about it. They were supposed to be working in a pencil factory and of course they blamed him on attacking that girl, which we knew was a lie, but there's nothing you could do about it. My Aunt Lottie lived on Piedmont Avenue right off Edgewood Avenue, and I'll never forget it if I live to be more than a hundred. We were all in the house eating, and we heard a lot of commotion. My uncle and my dad went out on the front porch, and the Ku Klux Klan were coming down Edgewood Avenue in their white sheets and hoods and horses and this and that. My dad and them, they ran in the houses. They said, \"Turn out all the lights, get under the beds, lock the doors.\" I want you to know, we were like that for about four or five hours. We didn't live close by, and my aunt would not, my Aunt Lottie would not let us go home. We all had to spend the night there. But that wasn't the first time. They would go into the black neighborhoods, and they would do all this commotion. It got to the point that we were almost afraid to go out at night. It was very . . . until little by little, it died down. But you mentioned the fact that you were Jewish. Honey, your life was in their hands. It was a terrible, terrible thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1120.0,1215.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e When did you see that start to change?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1215.0,1218.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e It had to be. I think I was about 12 years old. Things seemed to get better. Many, many years when it was too late, they found out that Frank did not do it, a black man did. But it was a terrible tragedy. Like I said, Jews life was not worth anything if you get in contact with them. It was terrible. But thank goodness that's gone now, too. We don't have that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1218.0,1250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What are some of your other early childhood memories? Some of the organizations you belong to?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1250.0,1255.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e We used to always go to the synagogue. There's always something going on there. We'd have these family meetings. When I was also about eight, nine years old, my father would, like on Saturday night, in the summertime, he'd put two or three watermelons in this great big freezer. Mama [would] get up early and she'd fry chicken and make potato salad. We'd go by and pick up my grandma, Liz and my two aunts, and then they'd get Aunt Lottie and her family. We'd all meet out at Piedmont Park. They had the lake and the pool, and we'd spend the day out there. That was a place where the Jewish people could go and not be afraid. We used to look forward in the summertime to be able to do that. We go to different homes and have picnics and things like that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1255.0,1316.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you do much over at the Jewish Educational Alliance?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1316.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, we had the Alliance on Capitol Avenue and that's where they used to have all kind of little affairs. That was the main place to go for entertainment, and we used to have some great times. In fact, Lew, [interviewee gestures towards her son who is off camera] I think he even went over there because the kosher store was over there and a kosher restaurant, Mr. Merlin, not the same Mr. Merlin. We used to have great times, parties and get-togethers and things like that. Mr. Gold had a kosher deli right downstairs and it was just a nice. My mother, can I switch over to that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1320.0,1364.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Sure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1364.0,1365.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e She had a kosher restaurant on Washington Street two blocks down from the AA. Come holiday time, we had a two-story house. People that live in these little country towns would make reservations with her to come in and sleep there and also have all their meals while they're there. Rabbi Epstein would come over, and he'd make sure she had two stoves and two sinks and two tables and all that. The family, we had to sleep on pallets on the floor in order to accommodate them. That was something else that we enjoyed. The Bressler's that used to have business there, the whole family would come for the holiday. My mother was a wonderful, wonderful cook. If anybody could cook, she could.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1365.0,1418.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What were some of her best recipes?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1418.0,1420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you know what kishke is? She would make enough for an army, and she used to make kreplach and matzo balls. Passover they'd come and she'd make matzos and all that. She had a wonderful reputation in town, but she got to the point where she couldn't do it. We moved in with her when Lew was about four or five years old, because she was getting to the point where she needed help. We used to all get together. Sometimes we'd get so busy that my father and my husband, everybody had to wait on tables. It was great. It really was.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1420.0,1460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What was the name of the restaurant?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1460.0,1462.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Annie's restaurant. There was nothing fancy. We got to know so many out-of-town people that were just so thrilled to be able to go to the services right up the street and then come have that wonderful meal and just be able sleep there a couple of nights. My grandfather came in from Fayetteville, and he stayed with us and all. It was such a different life than now. It was great.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1462.0,1492.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Were you in any clubs over at the Jewish Education Alliance?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1492.0,1494.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I wouldn't say clubs, it was just get-togethers and things like that. We'd have little parties and different things. You'd meet your friends over there and get together. It was nice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1494.0,1509.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Did your parents belong to the Progressive Club, the Jewish Progressive Club?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1509.0,1513.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e The Progressive Club? We did. At one time we belonged to it when it was on Tenth Street. We'd go over and Lew [would] use the pool and his friends and we'd play the slot machines. I used to play a lot of Mahjong. We would meet the different people over there. We were members of the Progressive Club. Then everything just started to change. My husband got sick, Lew went off to the Navy, and our lifestyle just changed. I just want to stay home all the time. They had this ad in the paper that they needed part-time help. I went down and my mother was living with us. When I got home, she said, \"Ms. Greenfield called you.\" I said, \"Ms. Greenfield?\" She says, \"Yes, from Rich's.\" I said, \"I just talked to her.\" To make a long story short, you know the rest. I went down for part-time work and stayed 28 years. Mr. [Dick] Rich used to come down, and he knew every one of us by name, and he'd pat us on the back. They were always giving out awards to the tea room and stuff like that. You'd knock yourself out to be kind, and that's because you wanted to get the awards and things. It was just a great life, it really was. We bought this little house on Morningside, and we lived there for 32 years. Lew was still living there with us when he got married, and my husband and I, we still continued to live there for a great number of years. Where are we going to move, but then it got to the point where we thought it was time to give it up, and we went to live on Lenox Road in the Lenox Forest Apartments. We lived there until my husband died. I stayed a year or two, I think, after that. Then, I ended up here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1513.0,1639.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e You've told me so many wonderful little tidbits I need to backtrack to just get a little bit more information about some of the things you mentioned. Going back to your youth, to your childhood, did you ever associate with anybody from The Temple crowd?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1639.0,1659.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e No. Only from the AA. They were called the Russian Jews. That's what they called them. They were more or less Reformed. They weren't like we were. They didn't live up to . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1659.0,1671.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e You mean the German Jews.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1671.0,1672.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e The German Jews. They didn't live up to all the kosher and all this and they would ride on Shabbos and they'd eat on Rosh HaShanah and Yom Kippur. We did not associate with them. We had a lot of cousins. My father, the Groodzinskys, had a big family and the cousins, we'd get together. There's one still living, I think, his name is Charles Gordon. His father and my father were first cousins. Mary Rusk, did you ever hear of her? She was my father's cousin also. She was related to the Smiths from the bottle [company], yes. It was more or less family get togethers. Once I went to work, I didn't associate, didn't do much. But as a youth, we used to love to go to Sunday school. All the cousins would get together, and we'd go to, and like I say, we loved going to Piedmont Park.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1672.0,1739.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Where'd you go to school?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1739.0,1741.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Now where we lived, we had to go to a school out on, first we went to one on Boulevard. My brother and I could not go there, because they were mostly all Christians.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1741.0,1756.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What was the name of that school?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1756.0,1757.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Just Boulevard School. I don't know whether I should say it or not.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1757.0,1763.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e It's fine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1763.0,1764.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e They used to call us Jew babies, and it just got to the point that we didn't want to go to school. My father went and moved us over to another school and I'm trying to, I've got pictures in there. Did you see them? We went there. It was in a different section. It was a real nice gentile [non-Jewish person] neighborhood and they didn't bother us, so we went to school there. My brother went to Boys High and I went . . . on Pryor Street.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1764.0,1802.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Girls High?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1802.0,1804.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e No, not Girls High.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1804.0,1806.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Commercial?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1806.0,1807.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Commercial. That's how we got through school. My Aunt Mary moved to New York. She married and moved to New York. I went up there and I lived with them for a while. That’s how I met my husband.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1807.0,1826.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e How'd you meet?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1826.0,1829.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e You know what? I had a job at Gimbels. Do you ever hear of them?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1829.0,1834.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e [Yes].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1834.0,1835.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e He was a demonstrator. He was working in the store and we must have . . . He used to demonstrate an article and then each day one of the sales people would have to work with him to ring up the sales and write the tickets. I had worked with him for quite a while. One day he asked me, “Did I want to go to lunch?” I said, \"No.\" Then he asked a second time and I said, \"Okay, if my girlfriend can go with us.\" We went to Chinese food. From then on, it just developed. I was much too young to get married.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1835.0,1872.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e How old were you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1872.0,1873.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I married when I was 17. It was much, much too young. I lived in New York for a while. In fact, Lew was born in New York.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1873.0,1885.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Lew is your son? [interviewee points to Lew, who is off camera, and laughs]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1885.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Then everybody came back. My aunt moved back, and we moved back.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1890.0,1895.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Why did you move back?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1895.0,1897.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e My family was here. Once my Aunt Mary moved back, I had nobody there, so we all moved back.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1897.0,1905.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What did your husband do when he got to Atlanta?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1905.0,1907.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Like I say, for a while, he continued with the demonstration that he used to do. Then he managed a liquor store for many, many years down on Forsyth Street and [I’m] trying to think of the name of it. But anyways, that's where he managed a liquor store up until he retired. He retired, he worked as long as he really could. Then he stopped and we just . . . then I went to work. We just went through the rest of the life enjoying grandchildren. Lew got married, went into a wonderful, wonderful family, the Dwoskins. They were just lovely, and then the grandchildren start coming along. It was just, that's touch and go, that's all I can say.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1907.0,1967.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Your life here in Atlanta . . . What year did you move back to Atlanta?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1967.0,1973.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't [know]. Lew was about seven years old, so I really don't know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1973.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e 1935.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1980.0,1981.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e It must be because he was seven years old. We've been back ever since.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1981.0,1986.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e You were here before World War II. What changes did you see in Atlanta after the war? Did you notice any changes?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1986.0,1996.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e It wasn't . . . things weren't as good. Anybody that had a business, more or less they lost their business. During the war, my father [got] notice [to join the service]. He told them he had two children, and [asked if there was] any way they could keep him out of the war. They made him a guard out at the steel plant, and he used to work at night. He used to carry a gun and a big old stick, and they were always afraid they'd be attacked or something like that because they were making stuff that they needed in the army. The only nice thing I can tell you is that the Jewish congregation here in town, a lot of the Jewish boys that were staying out at Camp Gordon and down in Columbus [Georgia]. They were all invited to come up every Sunday and over at the auditorium, they would serve refreshments and show movies and have sing-alongs and all that. Us kids, we'd go crash. We'd over there on Sundays when the soldiers were there, and we had just a great time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1996.0,2078.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e The auditorium at the Jewish Educational Alliance?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2078.0,2080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e No. The auditorium that's downtown off of Edgewood Avenue. It's still there. It's been there for many years. We had some great times there. That's how my Aunt Mary met her husband. He was one of the Jewish soldiers. They'd end up at my Aunt Lottie's house. We used to have some great times.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2080.0,2103.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Was it rough for your family in the depression here in Atlanta?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2103.0,2108.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e In a way, it was, because we never wanted for anything, but things were short on stuff. My uncle Ben Davis, he had a grocery store, so we never had to worry about butter and stuff like that, but we had good days and bad days.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2108.0,2134.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you see the Atlanta community changing much after the war with a lot of people moving in?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2134.0,2140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. I think the community got closer together. They started building other synagogues and always having some kind of a meeting and stuff like that. There was always something going on. We tried to attend whatever we could. We used to go to the Progressive Club and all that. Enjoyed that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2140.0,2164.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you get active in any women's organizations like Hadassah or?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2164.0,2170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, I did belong to Hadassah but I dropped out later. Then I belonged to . . . I’m trying to think of the name, of another little organization. When I lived on Lenox Road we had . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2170.0,2184.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . Mizrachi or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2184.0,2187.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e No, name something else.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2187.0,2189.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Mizrachi, Pioneer Women.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2189.0,2192.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Anyways, we had a group and there was about 20 of us. We used to meet once a month and we would go to the Renaissance on Peachtree Street and have lunch and talk business and raise money and we were giving money for the orphans, the Jewish...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2192.0,2211.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Was it ORT?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2211.0,2212.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, we . . . upon ourselves to give money to the Jewish Orphan Home that was way up on Washington Street, and we took care of that. That went on for quite a number of years. But then it got to the point that I don't know what, I just seemed to drop away from everything and just took care my family and that was it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2212.0,2239.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e That's a good thing to take care of your family.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2239.0,2242.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh Lord, yes. I have some wonderful, wonderful grandchildren. Lew has three gorgeous children. Then . . . I got those three grandchildren, and then I got five great-grandchildren.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2242.0,2257.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, that's wonderful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2257.0,2258.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e G-d bless them all. They're all just wonderful to have.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2258.0,2264.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Let me ask you about integration in Atlanta and what you remember about those years when things started to change with the black community.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2264.0,2279.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e It's still going on, so I can't say, but for a while there, everything, it was either Jew or black. That's the way it was associated with the gentile people. Sometimes it was very ugly, the way they used to write about us and talk about us. I was too young at the beginning from the war in 1917. I really didn't know too much, I was too young to realize what was going on. All we knew was the Ku Klux Klan, that [is] something you don't forget. But at times, you time goes by, you do forget things and you go on and make the most of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2279.0,2331.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e If you could remember one of your most favorite memories of growing up in Atlanta, what would it be?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2331.0,2347.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e As a youngster, you mean?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2347.0,2349.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Anytime, just something very special to you that happened here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2349.0,2355.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't know, just being with our family and our get-togethers and my grandparents.  I used to enjoy so much going to Fayetteville. The Groodzinsky's lived on Pryor Street and we used to go over there. I will tell you a little thing that will stay with me forever. My grandmother Groodzinsky, Lizzie was her name. She was the most wonderful cook in the world. I don't know whether it's going to mean anything, but when we were children, before Passover, we would get my dad to be sure and take us over there a couple of weeks before. We'd go over, and she had a great big closed-in back porch. She'd be sitting on a chair, and she'd have great big geese that she'd wrap her legs around them. She would mix a mixture of cornmeal and corn, and she would work it down their throats. We thought that was the most fascinating thing in the world. We used to say, \"Why do you do it?” She says, \"So I'll have schmaltz for Passover.\" I didn't know schmaltz from nothing. But that is something that I'll never forget. I think I've told it to every child that we had. She was such a wonderful . . . but I had never witnessed anything like that. But it was just absolutely great.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2355.0,2444.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you have any other memories about the holidays?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2444.0,2447.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I love Passover. We used to all get together. I enjoyed the holidays when we'd all go to synagogue, because you get to see people sometimes you didn't see for weeks or months at a time. You'd meet your cousins and this and that and all. We were a small family, and yet we were a big family. We had a lot of cousins and all. But Atlanta at one time here in town, when we have something special going on, not among us, but like when Gone with the Wind, we went down to see the stars come in. We saw Clark Gable and all of them. Then we had a place way out on the other side of the town. It was Lakewood, and it was an amusement park. We used to all go out there quite often. We'd go on the rides, and they had a lake with boats and all. As far as amusement, we had plenty. They had fireworks and all that. There was a lot of activity going on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2447.0,2514.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e You were at the opening of Gone with the Wind?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2514.0,2516.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, I was. [interviewee gestures towards her son] He was there. My father . . . we all went down and we were across the street and we saw . . . Lillian, what was her name? Charlotte, the one who played the...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2516.0,2530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Scarlett? It was . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2530.0,2531.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, she and Clark Gable got out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2531.0,2534.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Vivien Leigh.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2534.0,2535.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e They got out of the car and they waved to everybody. They had the whole front of the theater like Tara where she lived. We used to have a Capitol Theater and a Paramount Theater that had vaudeville and some of the most outstanding stars used to come down to Atlanta. As far as entertainment and social life, we had plenty of it. When I was a kid there was a family lived next door to my aunt Lottie, the Hurwitz's, and there was three of them. My cousins and my brother and me, we'd go to the Paramount, we used to get in for a quarter, and we'd stay in there for three shows. We used to go to The Capitol, they had entertainment, and The Fox had the most outstanding entertainment of all. As far as lacking things to do, there was plenty to do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2535.0,2599.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Was The Fox movies back then or was it other?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2599.0,2604.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e No, it was movies and entertainment. We used to go there quite often because it had real good stars used to come and all. Like I say, my childhood wasn't bad. It really wasn't. Once the war was over and things got settled, you got back to normal and we started living a normal life, things got really good. My trips to Fayetteville and all that, and so it's . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2604.0,2637.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Besides your experiences as a young child with the Ku Klux Klan, how were your other experiences being Jewish living in the South?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2637.0,2646.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Like I say, the school was the most important thing. That's why we used to try to be with our own people most of the time, because they hated the Jews. When we started school at that time, like I say, we were afraid to be there. When we'd walk in, they'd start hollering, \"Jew baby! Jew baby!\" Just like that. Sam and I, we refused to go to school. That's when my father had to transfer us over to a different school.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2646.0,2682.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you have any non-Jewish friends?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2682.0,2687.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e No. Nobody that I would consider a friend. We used to associate with our families a lot. We just different clientele and you just stayed with your own kind, and we were just really afraid.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2687.0,2706.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What do you remember about Rabbi Epstein? Did you like him as a rabbi?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2706.0,2709.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e He was very good. When he first came everybody just thought he was tops. Then he went off and got married. He brought his bride back and had two beautiful daughters and that. He lived . . . My Aunt Lottie lived on Washington Street, way down near Georgia Avenue. I don't know if you know the neighborhood. He lived on the street in back of her. On Saturday morning when the services were over, they used to walk from the shul home and he would always go up on my aunt's porch and he'd knock on the door and he say, “Come on Miss Lottie, get out here. Let's visit a little bit.” That made the people like him because he was very, very friendly. His wife, there was nothing wrong with her, she was a nice person too. Anyways, like I say, in all the years that I've been here and gone, I've had some wonderful, wonderful times and then I've have had a lot of hard times too, but you try to keep going and make the most of it and do the best you can. I hope and pray to G-d I'll be here for many more years, that's all I can say.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2709.0,2792.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I think you will be.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2792.0,2793.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't know, you never know, but pray for it, that is all you can do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2793.0,2798.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you ever want to live anywhere else?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2798.0,2801.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I enjoyed New York, but I think for a quiet, sociable life, you're better down here. Just the fact that we've had all the family, that meant a lot. Then if you have children, you can seem to do more for them here than you would in a big city. I'm not sorry I've been here all these years, and I'm happy that I was born here. Like I say, we just try to keep going and just hope we can continue.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2801.0,2841.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e In conclusion, let's talk a little bit about the family. You have your son, Lew, Lewis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2841.0,2847.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e That's all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2847.0,2848.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Where did he go to school?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2848.0,2851.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, he started at Davis Street because we had a little grocery store and my aunt also lived not too far from there and she had a store. He went to a school there, it was on Davis Street, they called it the Davis Street School. Then later when we moved to the other side of town, he went a school on Crew Street, and then he went to Boys High. Then he went off to the Navy. When he came back, he went back to Tech College, or whatever, until he got old enough to know what he wanted to do, and then he did what he wanted to do. We were real happy when he met Bette, and they got married, because the Dwoskins had a beautiful family, very close family. I think it was one of the best things that had ever happened to him, was getting in with the family. The happiest day, I'll say I was happy when he got married, but the happiest day [was] when I was at work and somebody called me and said, “You’re wanted on the telephone.” It was on a Saturday, I'll never forget.  I said, “Who would be calling me to the store?” I went to the phone and one of the aunts on the Dwoskins side said, \"Hey Grandma, how you doing?\" Aww.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2851.0,2942.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Aww.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2942.0,2942.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Aww. I got all excited and my manager was standing off on the side and when I hung up, I said, \"I'm a grandma!\" He says, \"Marie, get your pocketbook and get out of here!” [both laugh] I met Joe and we went over to the hospital. He couldn't wait for me to go see that baby. She was gorgeous! She really was. That was, I think, one of the happiest days of my life. It really was. To figure that such good things were happening to him. Because when your children are happy and have everything. You'd rather they'd have it than you should have it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2942.0,2981.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I agree.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2981.0,2982.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e You do the best you can. That was one of the most outstanding days of my life, when I went to see Amy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2982.0,2993.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e One last question. Who were your friends? Who did you hang with?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2993.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Like I said, I had some Jewish friends. One in particular, her name was Theresa Reisman. They also had a grocery store. They had a big family, and they were forever having family gatherings, and we'd all go. Then, the Hurwitz's that lived next door to my aunt . . . his name was Herschel, and the other one was, oh heck, I can't, but it was two sisters. Many years later when Herschel grew up, he was the outstanding store in Atlanta that sold all kind of tapestry and yard goods and stuff like that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=3000.0,3042.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh right, I've heard of that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=3042.0,3043.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, and so they were our closest friends. My Aunt Lottie had three children and so we really didn't bother too much with outsiders. But Theresa and I, we were very, very close and they were a very nice family. We'd visit over [at] each other's house and spend the night and things like that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=3043.0,3069.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e On that note.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=3069.0,3072.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't know if I've helped you in any way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=3072.0,3075.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e You have helped me a great deal. Some of your stories were.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=3075.0,3078.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e If there’s anything else. Maybe I can answer it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=3078.0,3082.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Your stories were absolutely just wonderful and wonderful bits of life in Atlanta and in the South for over almost a century here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=3082.0,3098.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e When Saturday night . . . We lived over in Cabbagetown, which is Cabbagetown now. The Zimmermans had this kosher store across the street from the AA on Piedmont Avenue. My father, every Saturday night it was the same ordeal. He would take Sam and me and we'd get a couple of chickens like I told you, and he would take them . . . into the shochet and we'd go to Mr. Zimmerman. It was a treat to go in there because it was so different than our store. He had stuff that we had at our Passover to get the matzahs and this and that and all. We just looked forward to all of that. My mother kept kosher for many, many years and we lived on Powell Street. [As] I said we had this great big two-story house next door from our store. When my dad used to take us on Sunday morning and drop us off at Sunday school, if we don't go to my grandmother's, we'd come home. We had a great big coal stove and when he'd get back home after dropping us, he would fill it with sweet potatoes. We'd come home in the wintertime, it'd be cold and nasty, and he'd bring them out and he split them open and put a big hunk of butter in them. My mother used to make the most delicious salmon croquettes and corn muffins, real Southern stuff. Those were happy days. We looked forward to all of that. We used to go to Grant Park to see the animals and all that. We lived not far from Oakland Cemetery. Have you ever been out there? Isn't it a beautiful place? We'd gather the kids, and we'd go over there to play. We got to the point where we knew every stone in there. One in particular, up against the wall, it was about this high, [interviewee gestures with her arm] and it had a big glass [case], and there was a human eye in there. We thought it was the grandest thing in the world. We used to make such an issue out of it. Like I say, all these things you put them together and it's a life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=3098.0,3233.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e It's a life. Living in Cabbagetown must have been very interesting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=3233.0,3239.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e It was, because we were the only Jewish people down there. They all worked in the mill, and we used to play with those children. Their families worked, and we were friends. My father, may he rest in peace, he was up to the minute on everything. He had a motorcycle, he had a car, and when my brother was about 10 years old, he went out and bought him a little wagon with a billy goat. The billy goat used to pull him [in] the wagon, and we were not too far from the trains that would pass by. It seems like this one time when they got up to our street, they tooted the whistle and that doggone goat got wild and he ran off with my brother and the wagon and everything. My daddy had to get on that motorcycle and track it down. Those are things that you can't help but laugh about. But to us, it was something great.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=3239.0,3303.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e It's great to me, too. Keep going.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=3303.0,3305.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e My mama got rid of the goat in the wagon. Then there's one more little incident, I'll tell you, and then we'll stop. We had a black nanny that used to work for us. She worked for us for so, so many years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=3305.0,3319.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What was her name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=3319.0,3321.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Mary. To tell you the truth, Sam and I, we must about six or seven years old, we were under the impression she was our mama. Then my mother explained to us that she was my nanny and she was our mother. We just couldn't understand the two of them. Anyways, under the house we had a great big coal [bin], where we used to keep coal. She went down one day with the bucket, to bend over and get some. He still had the goat down in the yard and that goat bucked her from the back and she went in head first. She ran upstairs and she said, \"Mr. Abe, I'm getting out of here!\" That was the funniest thing, you can still laugh from it. But she was a mess actually. You see that was our life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=3321.0,3378.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e How long was she with you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=3378.0,3380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, Lord, she must have been with us all her life. Because she was with us for so long that we were, like I say, we thought she was our mother. I'll never forget the day when my mother said, \"No, I'm your mother and she's your nanny.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=3380.0,3395.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e That's a great story.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=3395.0,3396.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh Lord, you can't help but laugh about it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=3396.0,3398.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e No, that's great.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=3398.0,3400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. The more you think, things pop up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=3400.0,3404.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I know, but those are great stories.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=3404.0,3405.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e But those are two particular things that I'll never forget because they were so funny. I think I've just told you, except I'll tell you one more thing and then I'm going to stop. My mother had a midwife with Sam and with me. She said when I was born, they wrapped me up in a blanket and took me into the next room, I guess to clean me up or something like that. All of a sudden, she heard me scream. She says, \"What's going on? What's wrong with the baby?\" The midwife walked in, I was wrapped up in a blanket, and she had pierced my ears. In each ear, I had a piece of red thread and so my mama says, “Why did you do that?\" She says, \"She'll do it later and it's easier now because the skin is so thin.\" Now, you think that isn't funny? My mother must have told me that story a half a dozen times. I've got the pierced ears, but I don't wear the earrings anymore.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=3405.0,3469.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e That's a great way to end it, I think, and I appreciate it. Thank you so much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=3469.0,3474.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I've enjoyed it and I hope I didn't overdo it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=3474.0,3477.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e No, you were wonderful. Thank you so much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=3477.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Anytime I can help you. If there's anything that you still want to know. It's just a shame that you didn't live here many years [ago] when up on where Davison's and Rich's and the theaters. It was a wonderful little town. But now with all the shopping centers and Rich's is gone, it's just not the same anymore. It's just not the same.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=3480.0,3506.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I hear that a lot.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=3506.0,3507.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. Oh, that's Rich's, when Mr. Morris [Rich], he was the first one on Whitehall Street when he opened up that little store and then he moved over on Broad Street. The store was there a hundred years. When I went to work there, you'd be surprised at the Jewish women that were working there. Oh, there was a bunch of us working there. They were so good to everybody. They paid more than anybody. At Christmas time they would have, in the main floor when you'd go out of the main floor, Santa Claus, Mr. Rich, and all the other executives, they'd all be lined up. You'd have to shake hands with each one and when you got to the last one, they'd give you an envelope with your bonus in it. You think we weren't looking for it? We closed up at five o'clock that day. That was another little outstanding thing that we liked. We had a cafeteria upstairs. We used to get free meals. We had nurses, had like a little clinic. Oh, it was a wonderful store to work in. It's not like that now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=3507.0,3583.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you remember anybody in particular? Joe Asher or Oscar Strauss? They were executives.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=3583.0,3590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Mr. [Alvin] Ferst, I don't know if you know them, he worked there. Mr. [Joel] Goldberg, I think Mr. Goldberg is still connected with them, I don't know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=3590.0,3602.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, he is. Joel Goldberg.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=3602.0,3603.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Mr. Dick [Rich], he was wonderful. I'll tell you a little joke about him that I'm going to really let you go. He was trying to break his son into the business, and his son didn't want no part of it, but he forced him to come. He was working in the lady’s sportswear right next to where I was working. Mr. Rich used to come down every now and then to check on him. This one particular day, he came down and he went on and he says, \"Where's Michael?\"  Nobody would say anything. He walked into the office and Michael was sitting with his feet up on the desk with a bag of pistachio nuts. Mr. Rich picked him up by the shoulder, and he walked him into that elevator, and he says, \"You're finished, I don't give a darn what you do from now on.\" Those are other little things, that you remember, but it was so funny.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=3603.0,3662.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e That's great.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=3662.0,3663.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I even remember the day that the president was assassinated. We were all standing down in the store, and the girl in the office had the radio going, and she came out and she says President . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=3663.0,3677.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . Kennedy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=3677.0,3678.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Kennedy has just been assassinated. Everybody started running. All the customers left the store and everything. It was like a nightmare. They closed the store. We went home. That was another outstanding event as you think.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=3678.0,3694.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Right. You remember everything.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=3694.0,3695.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e But now I'm going to let you go.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=3695.0,3696.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e It was great. If you think of anything else, we'll go back.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=3696.0,3701.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/transcript/92364/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKURTZMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I think I've really told you enough Now can he say something?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=3701.0,3707.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSandra Katz \"Sandy\" Berman is an American archivist. A native of Cleveland, Ohio, she was the founding archivist of the Cleveland Jewish Archives. She later moved to Atlanta, Georgia, and in 1985 became the founding archivist of the Ida Pearle and Joseph Cuba Archives for Southern Jewish History at the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum. During her 28-year tenure at the Breman, she co-curated multiple exhibitions and expanded the scope of the museum to include collections from Jewish communities throughout Georgia and surrounding states. She is the interviewer for many of the oral histories that can be found in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2.0,32.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum in Atlanta celebrates and commemorates Jewish history, culture, and art through events and museum spaces. The Breman also contains the Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History, which houses thousands of manuscripts, oral histories, and photograph collections, related to southern Jewish history and the Holocaust. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2.0,32.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAbraham Rosenbloom (1865-1939) was born in Lithuania and later immigrated to the United States, eventually moving to Fayetteville, Georgia. He owned and operated a dry good and grocery store in Fayetteville for many years. He was active in the Masons and was a grand master of the order. He and his first wife, Jennie Pertuch had five daughters, Annie, Sara, Mary, Lottie, and Celia. After his first wife died, he married Gertrude. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=32.0,113.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePoland is a country in Central Europe, extending from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Carpathian Mountains to the south. The territory has a varied landscape, diverse ecosystems, and a temperate climate. The capital and largest city is Warsaw.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=32.0,113.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNew York City is located in New York state. It is also known by the nicknames the Big Apple or NYC. It is the largest city by population and metropolitan area in the United States. It is made up of five boroughs sitting where the Hudson River meets the Atlantic Ocean. The city was settled in 1624 and in 1664 it was named for the Duke of York, later King James II of England. The city is a global center for everything from finance to arts and fashion to international diplomacy as the home of the United Nations.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=32.0,113.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShe is likely referring to Hyman Mendel (1872-1954) who was a Jewish immigrant from Lithuania. He came to the United States at the age of 19 and established H. Mendel \u0026amp; Co. initially working as a peddler around Atlanta. Once he was able to purchase a horse and wagon, he was able to expand his business. In 1892 he opened his first store on Decatur Street in downtown Atlanta. By the turn of the twentieth century, H. Mendel \u0026amp; Co. became the city's biggest dry-goods wholesaler. In 1913 Mendel built his own three-story building on Gilmer Street. In 1921, the business moved to Pryor Street where it remained for more than 40 years. Generations of merchants throughout the southeast trace their start to their relationship with H. Mendel \u0026amp; Co. and credit extended to them from Hyman Mendel. He was a founder and former president of Ahavath Achim, a member of B’nai B’rith, and is counted as one of the businessmen who helped shape Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=32.0,113.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAtlanta, Georgia is the capital and largest city in the state of Georgia. During the American Civil War it was a strategically important city for the Confederacy until it was captured in 1864. The city was almost entirely burnt to the ground during General William Sherman’s March to the Sea. After the war, the city rebounded and became a national industrial center.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=32.0,113.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFayetteville, Georgia is a city and county seat of Fayette County, Georgia. It is located 22 miles south of downtown Atlanta. It was founded in 1822 on land once belonging to the Creek people. The city and county is named for American Revolutionary War hero, Marquis de Lafayette. The area was developed for cotton plantations. During the Great Migration many of the African American workers left the area to move to northern and midwestern cities. The city did grow greatly from the 1980’s into the 2020’s.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=32.0,113.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA bar mitzvah [Hebrew: son of commandments; plural: b’nai mitzvah] is a rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day. At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes. He is now duty-bound to keep the commandments, he puts on tefillin, and may be counted to the minyan quorum for public worship. He celebrates the bar mitzvah by being called up to the reading of the Torah in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=144.0,151.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAbraham Grude (1885-1951) was born in Russia and later immigrated to the United States. He became a citizen in 1901. His last name was originally Groodzinsky, but it was later changed to Grude. He owned and operated a grocery store. He was a member of Beth Jacob Synagogue. He was married to Anna “Annie” Rosenbloom. They had two children, Marie and Sam.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=153.0,168.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eElizabeth “Lizzie” Groodzinsky (1865-1940) was born in Russia and later immigrated to the United States. She was married to Louis Groodzinksy and mother of Abe Grude, Morris Groodzinsky, Rose Wasserman, Faye Groodzinsky.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=153.0,168.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJennie Pertuch Rosenbloom (1863-1910) was born in Russia and later immigrated with husband and three daughters. In 1881, she married Abraham Rosenbloom and they had four daughters Annie Groodzinsky, Sara Manuell, Lottie Borochoff, and Mary Davis. They lived in Atlanta, where the youngest daughter was born. They later moved to in Fayetteville, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=182.0,185.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMary Rosenbloom Davis (1896-1973) was born in Russia and immigrated to the United States with her parents, Abraham and Jennie Rosenbloom and sisters. Her mother died in 1910 and her father remarried. In 1919, she married Benjamin Davis and they had one daughter, Jeannette Davis Perlinski. She was a member of Congregation Shearith Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=190.0,215.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSara Rosenbloom Manuel (1889-1969) was born in Russian and immigrated to the United States with her parents, Abraham and Jennie Rosenbloom and sisters. She was married to Maurice Manuel and they had a daughter and son, Jan and Bernie.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=190.0,215.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAnna “Annie” Rosenbloom Grude (1888-1965) was born in Russia and immigrated to the United States with her parents, Abe and Jennie Rosenbloom and her sisters. In 1904, she married Abraham Groodzinsky, which was later changed to Grude. They had two children, Sam Grude and Marie Grude Kurtzman. For a time, she operated a restaurant out of her home. She was a member of Beth Jacob Synagogue.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=256.0,261.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTraditional Jewish peddling, a cornerstone of economic life from the Middle Ages through the early 20th century, involved itinerant merchants traveling rural routes, often with packs or carts, to sell dry goods and purchase farm by-products. It was a widespread, low-capital livelihood for European and, later, American-immigrant Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=277.0,286.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLouis Groodzinsky (1859-1919) was born in Russia and immigrated to the United States. He settled in Atlanta, Georgia and was a merchant. He and his wife, Elizabeth had four children, Abe, Rose, Faye and Morris.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=306.0,309.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLewis M. Kurtzman (1928-2020) was born in New York City to Joseph and Marie Grude Kurtzman. He grew up in Atlanta, Georgia. He attended Hoke Smith High School. He served in the U.S. Navy and later attended the University of Georgia. In 1956, he married Bette Dwoskin and they had three children, Amy, Richard, and Laney. They attended Temple Sinai and he is buried at Arlington Memorial Park.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=314.0,446.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGertrude “Gussie” Rosenbloom (1878-1953) was born in Poland and later immigrated to the United States with her daughter, Celia. In 1916, she married Abraham Rosenbloom and became stepmother to his four daughters. She worked with her husband in his store in Fayetteville, Georgia. She attended Ahavath Achim Synagogue. Gussie is buried in Greenwood Cemetery in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=314.0,446.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Ford Model T was an automobile produced by the Ford Motor Company from October 1, 1908 to May 26, 1927. It is generally regarded as the first mass produced automobile, which made it affordable to middle-class Americans. The lower price of the vehicle was due in part to Ford’s creation of assembly line production which created cost savings for the production of the automobile. Over 15 million Model T’s were sold, making it the most sold car in history until the Volkswagen Beetle surpassed in in 1972.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=314.0,446.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKashrut is a set of dietary laws dealing with the foods that Jews are permitted to eat and how those foods must be prepared according to Jewish law. Food that may be consumed is deemed kosher, from the Ashkenazi pronunciation of the Hebrew term kashér, meaning \"fit\" (in this context, \"fit for consumption\"). In colloquial English, kosher often means \"legitimate,\" \"acceptable,\" \"permissible,\" \"genuine,\" or \"authentic.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=447.0,487.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA shochet is an adult male Jew who is trained and accredited by a rabbinic authority in the Jewish dietary laws. Specifically, a shochet slaughters animals in a way prescribed by Jewish dietary laws to avoid pain to the animal as much as possible, and to safeguard the health of the consumer.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=447.0,487.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHanukkah or Chanukah [Hebrew: dedication] is an eight-day festival of lights usually falling around Christmas on the Christian calendar. Hanukkah celebrates the victory of the Maccabees in 165 BCE over the Seleucid rulers of Palestine, who had desecrated the Temple. The Maccabees wanted to re-dedicate the Temple altar to Jewish worship by rekindling the menorah (ritual candelabra) but could only find one small jar of ritually pure olive oil. This oil continued to burn miraculously for eight days, enabling them to prepare new oil. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=489.0,546.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLottie Rosenbloom Borochoff (1884-1978) was born in Russia and immigrated to the United States with her parents Abraham and Jennie Rosenbloom and sisters. She was a member of Ahavath Achim Synagogue and Shearith Israel. Lottie was also active in Hadassah, Mirzarchi Women, B’nai B’rith, and the Sisterhood. She and her husband Abraham had two daughters and a son.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=489.0,546.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePiedmont Avenue is a main thoroughfare that begins in downtown Atlanta and ending at its continuation as Piedmont Road. Piedmont Avenue passes through Midtown Atlanta where various historic properties are located.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=489.0,546.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGelt (Yiddish for “money”) is distributed to children on Hanukkah. The amount is usually in small coins, although grandparents or other relatives may give larger sums as an official Hanukkah gift. The custom had its origin in the seventeenth-century practice of Polish Jewry to give money to their small children for distribution to their teachers. In time, as children demanded their due, money was also given to children to keep for themselves. Twentieth-century American chocolate makers picked up on the gift/coin concept by creating chocolate gelt.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=489.0,546.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRosh HaShanah [Hebrew: head of the year] begins the cycle of High Holy Days. It introduces the Ten Days of Penitence, when Jews examine their souls and take stock of their actions. On the tenth day is Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement. The tradition is that on Rosh HaShanah, G-d sits in judgment on humanity. Then the fate of every living creature is inscribed in the Book of Life or the Book of Death. Prayer and repentance before the sealing of the books on Yom Kippur may revoke these decisions.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=617.0,719.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYom Kippur [Hebrew: day of atonement] is the most sacred day of the Jewish year. Most of the 25-hour fast day is spent in prayer, reciting yizkor for deceased relatives, confessing sins, requesting divine forgiveness, and listening to Torah readings and sermons. People greet each other with the wish that they may be sealed in the heavenly book for a good year ahead. The day ends with the blowing of the shofar (a ram’s horn).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=617.0,719.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShul is a Yiddish word for synagogue that is derived from a German word meaning “school,” and emphasizes the synagogue's role as a place of study.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=617.0,719.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShabbat (Hebrew) or Shabbos/Shabbes (Yiddish) is the Jewish Sabbath and is observed on Saturdays. Shabbat observance entails refraining from work activities and engaging in restful activities to honor the day. Shabbat begins at sundown on Friday night and is ushered in by lighting candles and reciting a blessing. It is closed the following evening with the recitation of the havdalah blessing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=617.0,719.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAhavath Achim Synagogue (often referred to as \"AA\") was founded as an Orthodox congregation in 1887 in a small room on Gilmer Street. In 1901 they moved to a permanent building at the corner of Piedmont Avenue and Gilmer Street. In 1921, the congregation constructed a synagogue at Washington Street and Woodward Avenue. It joined the Conservative movement in 1952. The final service in the Washington Street building was held in 1958 to make way for construction of the Downtown Connector (the concurrent section of Interstate 75 and Interstate 85 through Atlanta). The synagogue moved to its current location on Peachtree Battle Avenue in 1958. As of 2022, Ahavath Achim is the largest Conservative synagogue in the Atlanta area, and its current Senior Rabbi is Laurence Rosenthal.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=617.0,719.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBenjamin “Ben” Davis (1893-1965) was a native of New York City. He owned and operated a grocery store, and was a veteran of World War I. He was married to Mary Rosenbloom and they had two daughters. He belonged to Shearith Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=617.0,719.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSamuel Grude (1907-2011) was a native of Atlanta, Georgia, and son of Abe and Annie Grude. He worked as a salesman for a wholesale dress company. In 1931, he married Annette Stein. They had two sons and a daughter. He belonged to Congregation Shearith Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=617.0,719.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSmelling salts, also known as ammonia inhalants, spirit of hartshorn, or sal volatile, are chemical compounds which are used to help restore consciousness after fainting.  Historically, smelling salts have been used on people feeling faint, or who have fainted.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=722.0,749.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAntisemitism is prejudice against, hostility to, or hatred of Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=749.0,762.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCity Auditorium and Armory in Atlanta, Georgia was the city’s first large space that date back to the 1880’s. It hosted a banquet for President Grover Cleveland in October 1887. It also hosted John Philip Sousa and his famous band. The building was eventually replaced by the Atlanta’ Municipal Auditorium, which opened in 1909.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=841.0,902.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA cheder is a traditional elementary school teaching the basics of Judaism and the Hebrew language.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=841.0,902.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAbraham Jacobs (1849-1937) was the ba’al tefillah/chazzan of Ahavath Achim Synagogue in the early 1900s. He was also the cheder [Hebrew school] teacher, who had a school room at the corner of Butler and Gilmer Streets. He helped prepare boys for their bar mitzvah. Girls were not educated in Hebrew. He was on of the founders of Ahavath Achim.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=841.0,902.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLithuanian-born Rabbi Abraham P. Hirmes (188?–1946) led Ahavath Achim from 1919 to 1928. Rabbi Hirmes originated the Sisterhood with his wife, whose immediate projects were focused on raising money for the building fund for the synagogue at the corner of Washington Street and Woodward Avenue. About this time, there was an official name change of the congregation from ‘Ahawas Achim’ to ‘Ahavath Achim.’ It was also during this period that Bible School, Junior Congregation, and late Friday night services developed. Rabbi Hirmes studied at the Slobodka Yeshiva in Lithuania and pursued his rabbinical ordination at Yeshiva University-affiliated Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary in New York.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=908.0,911.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Harry Hyman Epstein (1903-2003) served as rabbi of Ahavath Achim Synagogue in Atlanta, Georgia from 1928 to 1982, when he became rabbi emeritus. Under Rabbi Epstein, the formerly Orthodox congregation began to shift to Conservative Judaism, and officially joined the United Synagogue of America (now the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism), in 1952.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=911.0,929.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eReva (Rebecca) Chashesman Epstein (1905-2001) was the well-educated daughter of an Orthodox rabbi. She was born in Poland, raised in Russia, and her family immigrated to Chicago, Illinois from Poland after World War I. She earned degrees from the University of Chicago and Sorbonne University in Paris, France. In 1929, she married Rabbi Harry Epstein, and they moved to Atlanta where Rabbi Epstein was the leader of Ahavath Achim Synagogue. In Atlanta, she became a regional education chairman for Hadassah and founded a women's study group at the synagogue. Reva and Harry had two daughters, Renana Lavin and Davida Weiss. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=911.0,929.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBubbe is a Yiddish nickname for “grandma.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=932.0,961.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHouston Street in downtown Atlanta was historically significant and renamed John Wesley Dobbs Avenue in 1994 after a prominent civil rights leader. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=981.0,1094.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFulton Bag and Cotton Mills is a formerly operating mill complex located in the Cabbagetown neighborhood of Atlanta. The beginnings of the company can be traced to 1868, when Jacob Elsas, an immigrant of German Jewish descent who had recently arrived in Atlanta from Cincinnati, began work in the rag, paper, and hide business. Elsas soon recognized the need for cloth and paper containers for their goods. Within two or three years Elsas had switched to manufacturing cloth and paper bags and joined forces with fellow German Jewish immigrant Isaac May. Construction of the complex began in 1881 on the south side of the Georgia Railroad line, east of downtown Atlanta. The site is now apartments and condominiums. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=981.0,1094.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCabbagetown is an intown neighborhood on the east side of Atlanta, Georgia. It includes the Cabbagetown District, a historic district listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. Cabbagetown was built as the surrounding mill town to the Fulton Bag and Cotton Mill, one of the first textile processing mills built in the South. The mill was owned and operated by Jacob Elsas, a German Jewish immigrant. Its workforce consisted of poor whites recruited from the Appalachian region of north Georgia. Elsas built a small community of one and two-story shotgun houses and cottage-style houses surrounding the mill, originally known as Factory Town or Fulton Mill Village. The mill closed in 1977. While the mill itself was named to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976, the surrounding neighborhood went into a steep decline following the mill closure. In the 1990’s, Cabbagetown underwent tremendous growth as part of Atlanta's intown renaissance, and the mill was renovated as the Fulton Cotton Mill Lofts.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=981.0,1094.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJacob Elsas (1842-1932) was born in Wurttemberg, Germany and came to the US in 1861 during a wave of European-Jewish immigration. He was a Union Army veteran and arrived in Atlanta in 1868 from Cincinnati, Ohio. Elsas founded the Fulton Bag and Cotton Mills in 1881 and the surrounding neighborhood, Cabbagetown, then called Factory Town, was built around the mill. He played an instrumental role in the founding of the Georgia Institute of Technology and Grady Hospital. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=981.0,1094.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLeo Max Frank (1884-1915) was a Jewish factory superintendent in Atlanta, Georgia. In 1913, he was accused of raping and murdering one of his employees, a 13-year-old girl named Mary Phagan, whose body was found on the premises of the National Pencil Company. Frank was arrested, tried, convicted and sentenced to death for her murder. The trial was the catalyst for a great outburst of antisemitism led by the populist Tom Watson and the center of powerful class and political interests. Frank was sent to Milledgeville State Penitentiary to await his execution. Governor John M. Slaton, believing there had been a miscarriage of justice, commuted Frank’s sentence to life in prison. This enraged a group of men who styled themselves the “Knights of Mary Phagan.” They drove to the prison, kidnapped Frank from his cell and drove him to Marietta, Georgia where they lynched him. Many years later, the murderer was revealed to be Jim Conley, who had lied in the trial, pinning it on Frank instead. Frank was pardoned on March 11, 1986, although they stopped short of exonerating him.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1116.0,1120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Ku Klux Klan (or Knights of the Ku Klux Klan today, also referred to as the KKK) is a white supremacist, white nationalist, anti-immigration, anti-Jewish, anti-Catholic, anti-Black secret society, whose methods included terrorism and murder. It was founded in the South in the 1860s and then died out and come back several times, most notably in the 1920s when membership soared again, and then again in the 1960s during the civil rights era. When the Klan was re-founded in 1915 in Georgia, the event was marked by a cross burning on Stone Mountain. In the past its members dressed up in white robes and pointed hoods designed to hide their identity and to terrify. It is still in existence.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1120.0,1215.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePiedmont Park is a 189-acre park located just north of downtown Atlanta. It was originally designed by Joseph Forsyth Johnson to host the first Piedmont Exhibition in 1887.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1255.0,1316.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Educational Alliance (JEA) operated from 1910 to 1948 on the site where the Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium was later located. The JEA was once the hub of Jewish life in Atlanta. Families congregated there for social, educational, sports and cultural programs. The JEA ran camps and held classes to help some new residents learn to read and write English. For newcomers, it became a refuge, with programs to help them acclimate to a new home. The JEA stayed at that site until the late 1940s, when it evolved into the Atlanta Jewish Community Center and moved to Peachtree Street. It stayed there until 1998, when the building was sold and the center moved to Dunwoody. In 2000, it was renamed the “Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1316.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSolomon Jacob Gold (1878-1975), an immigrant from Kovno, Russia (now Kaunas, Lithuania) who operated a grocery store and, later, a delicatessen in Atlanta, Georgia. He was a founding member of the Hunter Street Shul, which is now known as Congregation Shearith Israel. He was president of the Atlanta chapter of Mizrachi for 20 years.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1320.0,1364.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Bressler family has a long standing multi-generational presence in Atlanta, Georgia, with deep roots in the local Jewish community, particularly through business and community service. Key figures include Hirsch and Ida Bressler who owned Bressler Brother, a dry goods and clothing store. They had 13 children including Simon was president of Bressler Brothers Manufacturing Company and active with Ahavath Achim and various Jewish organizations. Jacob was vice-president of the Bressler Brothers Store, and Ben was a partner in the store and Bressler Brothers Manufacturing Company.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1365.0,1418.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKishke refers to various types of sausage or stuffed intestine with a filling made from a combination of meat and meal, often grain or potato. The dish is popular across Eastern Europe as well as with immigrant communities from those areas. It is also eaten by Ashkenazi Jews who prepare their version according to kashrut dietary laws. It is also known as stuffed derma (from Darm, \"intestine\") and is a Jewish dish traditionally made from flour or matzo meal, schmaltz and spices.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1420.0,1460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKreplach are small dumplings in Ashkenazi Jewish cuisine filled with ground meat, mashed potatoes or another filling, usually boiled and served in chicken soup, though they may also be served fried. They are similar to other types of dumpling, such as Polish pierogi, Polish and Ukrainian uszka, Russian pelmeni. The dough is traditionally made of flour, water and eggs, kneaded and rolled out into thin sheets.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1420.0,1460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMatzo, or matzah balls are dumplings made from matzo meal, an Ashkenazi custom. The balls are dropped into chicken soup or boiling water. They are popular during Passover.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1420.0,1460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePassover [Hebrew: Pesach] is the anniversary of Israel’s liberation from Egyptian bondage. Although enslaved by the Pharaoh, the Israelites continued to survive and even increase in numbers. Dismayed, the Pharaoh declared that all sons born to Hebrew women must be killed, but Hebrew midwives defied the Pharaoh’s decree. One mother, who had given birth to a son, placed him in a basket in the Nile River. The baby was found by none other than the Pharaoh’s daughter, who scooped him up, named him Moses, and raised him as her own. When Moses had grown up, God spoke to Moses saying that he, along with his brother Aaron, would be the one to take the Israelites out of Egypt. Moses challenged the Pharaoh, demanding freedom for the Israelites. When the Pharaoh refused, God sent a series of plagues upon the Pharaoh and Egyptian people. There were 10 plagues in total: blood, frogs, lice, wild beasts, diseases, boils, hail, locusts, darkness, and the most severe of all, the death of every Egyptian first-born son. In order to protect the Israelite children from the Angel of Death, the Israelites marked their doors with lamb’s blood, so that their houses would be passed over (hence the holiday name, “Passover”). Finally, Pharaoh surrendered and ordered the Israelites to leave Egypt. The Israelites were in such a hurry to leave Egypt that their bread had no time to rise. Pharaoh had also soon changed his mind and sent his armies after the Israelites. When the Israelites came to the Red Sea, they were trapped until God miraculously parted the sea. As soon as they passed through, the sea closed up, saving them from the Egyptians and beginning the Israelites’ epic journey to the Promised Land.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1420.0,1460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Progressive Club was a Jewish social organization in Atlanta, Georgia. It was established in 1913 by Russian Jews who felt unwelcome at the Standard Club, where German Jews were predominant. At first the club was located in a rented house until a new club was built on Pryor Street including a swimming pool and a gym. In 1940 the club opened a larger facility at 1050 Techwood Drive in Midtown with three swimming pools, tennis, and softball. In 1976 the club moved north to 1160 Moore’s Mill Road near Interstate 75. The property was eventually sold to the YMCA as the club faced financial challenges. The Carl E. Sanders Family YMCA at Buckhead, which stands on the former site of the Progressive Club, opened in 1996.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1509.0,1513.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMahjong is a tile-based game that was developed during the Qing dynasty in China and has spread throughout the world since the early 20th century. It is commonly played by four players. Mahjong is a game of skill, strategy, and calculation and it involves a degree of chance.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1513.0,1639.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe United States Navy was founded in March 1794 and is the maritime service branch of the United States Armed Forces. It is designated as the navy of the United States in the Constitution. The Navy originates from the Continental Navy, which was established in 1775 during the American Revolutionary War. The Navy is part of the Department of the Navy, which also includes the coequal United States Marine Corps.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1513.0,1639.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRich's was a department store retail chain, headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, which operated in the southern U.S. from 1867 until March 6, 2005, when the nameplate was eliminated and replaced by Macy's. It was founded by Hungarian Jewish immigrant Morris Rich (born Mauritius Reich) in Atlanta in 1867 as \"M. Rich \u0026amp; Co. Dry Goods\" Many of the former Rich's stores today form the core of Macy's Central, an Atlanta-based division of Macy's, Inc., which formerly operated as Federated Department Stores, Inc.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1513.0,1639.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRichard H. “Dick” Rich (né Rosenheim, 1902-1975) was the grandson of Morris Rich, founder of M. Rich and Co. in Atlanta which eventually grew into Rich’s Department Store. He was born in Atlanta, Georgia, the son of Herman and Rosalind Rich Rosenheim. His mother was the daughter of Morris Rich. He began working at Rich’s in 1924 and  took over as president of Rich’s in 1949 and expanded the business to become the largest department store chain in the south.  Upon his death was the chairman of the executive committee. Rich served in the U.S. Army Air Forces during World War II. He was also founding chairman of the Atlanta Arts Alliance and the Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority, and chairman of the Greater Atlanta Expressway Committee. He was president and life trustee of the Rich Foundation, a charitable non-profit corporation, and a member of The Temple, the Standard Town and Country Club, and the Atlanta City Club. He was also active with many organizations including the Jewish Welfare Fund, the Jewish Community Center, and Camp Barney Medintz, the Atlanta Chamber of Commerce, and the Atlanta Arts Alliance.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1513.0,1639.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMorningside/Lenox Park is a neighborhood in Atlanta, Georgia founded in 1923. It is located north of Virginia-Highland, east of Ansley Park and west of Druid Hills. Approximately 3,500 households comprise the neighborhood that includes the original subdivisions of Morningside, Lenox Park, University Park, Noble Park, Johnson Estates and Hylan Park. After World War II, residents of heavily Jewish Washington-Rawson and Summerhill neighborhoods south of the State Capitol relocated to northeast Atlanta including Morningside when those old Jewish neighborhoods were demolished to make way for the Downtown Connector freeway and Turner Field.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1513.0,1639.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Temple, or “Hebrew Benevolent Congregation,” is Atlanta’s oldest Jewish congregation. The cornerstone was laid on the Temple on Garnett Street in 1875. The dedication was held in 1877 and the Temple was located there until 1902. The Temple’s next location on Pryor Street was dedicated in 1902. The Temple’s current location in Midtown on Peachtree Street was dedicated in 1931. The main sanctuary is on the National Register of Historic Places. The Reform congregation now totals approximately 1500 families. As of 2022, its Senior Rabbi is Peter S. Berg.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1639.0,1659.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eReform Judaism is a division within Judaism, especially in North America and the United Kingdom. Historically it began in the 19th century. In general, the Reform movement maintains that Judaism and Jewish traditions should be modernized and compatible with participation in Western culture. While the Torah remains the law, in Reform Judaism women are included (mixed seating, bat mitzvah, and women rabbis), instrumental music is allowed in the services, and most of the service is in the local language as opposed to Hebrew.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1659.0,1671.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCharles “Country” Gordon (1913-2003) was an Atlanta, Georgia native and son of Jacob and Annie Asman Gordon. He owned and operated Lee Dress Manufacturing Company from 1938 to 1982. He was married to Edith Tesler, and they had a daughter and two sons. He attended Ahavath Achim Synagogue and is buried at Greenwood Cemetery.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1672.0,1739.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBoulevard is a street and corridor of the Old Fourth Ward neighborhood of Atlanta, Georgia. The street runs east of, and parallel to, Atlanta's Downtown Connector.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1741.0,1756.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBoulevard School was located on North Boulevard and Irwin Streets in Atlanta. It opened in 1888 and survived the Great Atlanta Fire of 1917. However, the school burned down less than a year later in February 1918. A new school was built and in 1922 the school building was bought by Morris Brown College. The Boulevard students were transferred to the Faith School.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1757.0,1763.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEstablished in 1872, Boys High School was one of the first public schools in the city of Atlanta. The school occupied several locations throughout the city until 1924, when it was re-located to Charles Allen Drive and 10th Street. It remained a school for white males until it merged with Girls High and Tech High in 1947 to form Henry Grady High School. It was integrated in 1961. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1764.0,1802.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGirls’ High School was one of seven schools as part of the original Atlanta public school system. It opened in 1872, and was the only public school in the area exclusively for girls. In 1947, Atlanta high schools became co-educational, and Girls’ High was renamed Roosevelt High School, which in turn closed in 1985 when it merged with Hoke Smith High School to become Southside High School (now Maynard H. Jackson High School). As of 2022, the building formerly housing Girls’ High School in the Grant Park neighborhood is a luxury apartment complex.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1802.0,1804.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCommercial High School was founded by Corinne Stanton Williams Douglas in Atlanta, Georgia, US. It began as a department of Girls High School in 1889 for girls who wanted to learn skills they could use in Atlanta's burgeoning business community. Students studied bookkeeping and typing, in addition to mathematics and history courses. The school soon expanded into new space, a four-story brick building at 138 Pryor Street in downtown Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1806.0,1807.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJoseph Kurtzman (1901-1998) was born in New York, New York. He operated a carpet cleaning service and later managed a liquor store. In 1926, he married Marie “Groodzinsky” Grude. They had one son, Lewis and three grandchildren. He and Marie attended Congregation Shearith Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1807.0,1826.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGimbel Brothers (known simply as Gimbels) was an American department store corporation that operated for over a century, from 1842 until 1987. Gimbel patriarch Adam Gimbel opened his first store in Vincennes, Indiana, in 1842. In 1887, the company moved its operations to the Gimbel Brothers Department Store in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It became a chain when it opened a second, larger store in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1894, moving its headquarters there. At the urging of future company president Bernard Gimbel, grandson of the founder, the company expanded to New York City in 1910. The company is known for creating the oldest Thanksgiving parade, the Gimbels Thanksgiving Day Parade, which originated in 1920 in Philadelphia. Gimbels was also considered the chief rival of Macy's, with their feud popularized in American culture. As of 1930, Gimbels had grown to 20 stores, whose sales revenue made it the largest department store chain in the world. The company expanded to a peak of 53 stores by 1965, and closed in 1987 with 35 stores in Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, Wisconsin, and Connecticut.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1829.0,1834.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II (abbreviated WWII or WW2) was a global war involving fighting in most of the world and most countries. Most countries fought in the years 1939–1945 but some started fighting in 1937. Most of the world's countries, including all the great powers, fought as part of two military alliances: the Allies and the Axis Powers. World War II was the largest and deadliest conflict in all of history. It involved more countries, cost more money, involved more people, and killed more people than any other war in history. Between 50 to 85 million people died. The majority were civilians. It included massacres, the deliberate genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, starvation, disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons against civilians in history.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1986.0,1996.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMrs. Kurtzman is likely referring World War I, as her father would most likely have been too old to be for service in WWII. World War I, also called First World War or Great War, was an international conflict that in 1914–18 embroiled most of the nations of Europe along with Russia, the United States, the Middle East, and other regions. The war pitted the Central Powers—mainly Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey—against the Allies—mainly France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, Japan, and, from 1917, the United States. It ended with the defeat of the Central Powers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1996.0,2078.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCamp Gordon was established in 1917 near Atlanta (Chamblee), Georgia, as one of 16 temporary training camps in World War I. It was the largest in the Southern states. It served as the primary training site for the 82nd \"All-American\" Division and base hospital No. 43, the Emory University Medical Unit. The camp was built in just five months on 2,400 acres that included 1,635 building with barracks for 46,612 men. After the war, the camp was salvaged and abandoned by 1921.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1996.0,2078.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eColumbus is a city in western Georgia and lies on the Chattahoochee River directly across from Phenix City, Alabama. The city was founded in 1828 and is named for Christopher Columbus. The city was the site of the last land battle of the Civil War. The Battle of Columbus, Georgia occurred on April 16, 1865 after the Lee’s surrender and the assassination of President Lincoln. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=1996.0,2078.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA severe worldwide economic downturn known as the Great Depression began in the United States in 1929. It was the longest, most widespread, and deepest depression of the 20th century with far-reaching effects around the globe, especially in Europe. In Europe, World War I had a long-term impact on the economy and financial stability. Postwar inflation spiraled into hyperinflation by the 1920’s and European banks struggled to stay open. Exasperating the situation were skyrocketing unemployment rates. The Great Depression had immediately visible political and social ramifications in Europe, including increased antisemitism and nationalism.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2103.0,2108.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHadassah, the Women’s Zionist Organization of America, is a volunteer service organization founded in 1912 by Henrietta Szold. It currently has over 300,000 members and supporters worldwide.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2170.0,2184.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMizrachi is a religious Zionist organization founded in 1902 in Vilna, Lithuania by Rabbi Yitzchak Yaacov Reines. Its youth movement, B’nei Akiva, became an international movement. Mizrachi believes that the Torah should be at the center of Zionism and that Jewish nationalism is a means of achieving religious objectives.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2184.0,2187.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNa’amat had its origins in 1925 with the formation of the Women’s Organization for the Pioneer Women of Palestine, commonly referred to as “Pioneer Women.” Na’amat is the largest Jewish women’s organization in the world, counting more than 300,000 members in Israel and 9 sister organizations worldwide. It operates approximately 250 day-care centers in Israel and provides funding for technological and agricultural high schools, a women’s shelter, legal aid bureaus, educational scholarships, women’s rights centers and women’s health centers. It is also a powerful voice in advocating for equal rights, religious freedom and world peace. During the 1930s Pioneer Women changed its name to Na’amat, an acronym for Nashim Ovdot U'Mitnadvot (Hebrew: Working and Volunteering Women.). Na’amat is affiliated with the Labour Zionist Movement in Israel and the World Labor Zionist Movement. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2189.0,2192.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRenaissance Atlanta Midtown Hotel is located on 866 W. Peachtree Street. It is an upscale, stylish brand of hotels and resorts under the Marriott International portfolio.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2192.0,2211.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eORT (Association for the Promotion of Skilled Trades) is a non-profit global Jewish organization that promotes education and training in communities worldwide. It was founded at the end of the eighteenth century in 1880 in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Active in over 100 countries, today, ORT is the world’s largest Jewish education and vocational training NGO (Non-Governmental Organization). After World War II, ORT was very active in the DP camps, opening schools with rehabilitation programs in 78 camps. The purpose of the schools was to train and prepare DPs (displaced persons) for resettlement in industrialized countries such as the United States, Canada, and Australia as well as Israel, which had a significant need for highly trained manpower. Some 85,000 Jews were trained in new professions and provided with the tools they needed to rebuild their lives. In 2003 Israel was the area of ORT's largest operation, with 90,000 students educated or trained at ORT’s 159 schools, colleges and institutions, educating 25 percent of Israel’s hi-tech workforce. In 2006 ORT Israel withdrew from World ORT. World ORT continues to work in Israel under the name of Kadima Mada (Educating for Life). In December 1946, the first ORT trade school in Austria was opened in Vienna. By the end of 1947, additional schools were open in Ebelsberg, Steyr, Wels, Salzburg, Hofgastein, Hallein, Linz, and Bindermilch. The schools conducted programs in 50 trades ranging from dressmaking to technical chemistry, optics and building trades. English and Hebrew language courses were also held. ORT’s Central School in Salzburg was the first post-war vocational training establishment in Austria. It opened in February 1947 and had 350 students by mid-1947. An annex to the main ORT school in Salzburg opened in 1948 in the Beth Bialik transit camp in Salzburg and another school was located in the Riedenburg camp. As emigration progressed, ORT schools in Austria began closing down. The Salzburg school was transferred to Hallein, a DP camp twenty miles from Salzburg, in 1947, and it remained open until 1954. It has now evolved to provide 21st century technology to Jewish communities worldwide. The ORT America Atlanta/Southeast Region hosts various events and activities to raise funds to further ORT’s mission. Rabbi Harry H. Epstein founded the Atlanta ORT chapter in 1970.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2211.0,2212.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Hebrew Orphans’ Home was located at 478 Washington Street in Atlanta, Georgia. The residence facility was open from 1876 to 1930. It was originally called the Hebrew Orphans’ Asylum and was originally an actual orphanage. In 1901, the name was changed to the Hebrew Orphans’ Home. Then its services phased into placing children in foster home care and helping with adoptions instead of an actual orphans' home, during which time it was called the Jewish Family and Children's Bureau (and another variation—Jewish Children's Services). Finally, it got out of the children's institutional care business entirely. In 1988, the organization’s mission changed and it became the Jewish Educational Loan Fund (JELF) with the goal of providing low-interest post-secondary education loans for Jewish students.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2212.0,2239.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJim Crow laws were state and local laws in the United States enacted between 1876 and 1965. The name seems to have originated in the song “Jump Jim Crow,” a song-and-dance caricature of Blacks performed by white actor Thomas D. Rice in Blackface in 1832. As a result of Rice’s fame, “Jim Crow” became a pejorative expression meaning “Negro” by 1838 and the later segregation laws became known as “Jim Crow” laws. Jim Crow laws mandated racial segregation in all public facilities in the southern states of the former Confederacy, with a supposedly “separate but equal” status for Black Americans, although in reality this was not so. Some examples of Jim Crow laws are the segregation of public schools, places, and public transportation and the segregation of restrooms, restaurants and drinking fountains for whites and Blacks. Private businesses, political parties, and unions created their own Jim Crow arrangements, barring Blacks from buying homes in certain neighborhoods, from shopping or working in certain stores, from working at certain trades, etc. In the middle twentieth century, the Supreme Court began to overturn Jim Crow laws on constitutional grounds. Rosa Parks defied the Jim Crow laws when she refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man, which became a catalyst to the Civil Rights movement. Her actions, and the demonstrations that followed, led to a series of legislative and court decisions that contributed to undermining the Jim Crow system. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 officially ended Jim Crow segregation laws.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2264.0,2279.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSchmaltz is rendered chicken or goose fat used for frying or as a spread on bread in Central European cuisine, and in the United States, particularly identified with Ashkenazi Jewish cuisine.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2355.0,2444.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGone With the Wind is a film based on the book of the same name by Margaret Mitchell in 1926. The film was made in 1939 and is an epic historical romance produced by David O. Selznick. It tells the story of Scarlett O’Hara, the strong-willed daughter of a Georgia plantation owner, from her romantic pursuit of Ashley Wilkes, who is married to Melanie, to her marriage to Charles Hamilton who died in a training camp, and then to Rhett Butler. It is set against the backdrop of the American Civil War and the Reconstruction era. The leading roles were portrayed by Vivien Leigh (Scarlett), Clark Gable (Rhett), Leslie Howard (Ashley), and Olivia de Havilland (Melanie).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2447.0,2514.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eClark Gable (1901-1960) was an American film actor. He landed his first leading Hollywood role in 1932 and became a leading man in more than 60 motion pictures over the next three decades. Gable was best known for his role as Rhett Butler in Gone with the Wind (1939). Other films include: Mutiny on the Bounty (1935), It Happened One Night (1934), Manhattan Melodrama (1934), San Francisco (1936), Saratoga (1937) Boom Town (1940), The Hucksters (1947) Homecoming (1948), and The Misfits (1961).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2447.0,2514.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Lakewood Fairgrounds was established in 1916 in Lakewood Heights, a suburb of Atlanta. It was built to be the home of the Southeastern Fair. The site had a circus big top, arcade games, vendors, and a large carousel that was on the site until 1967.  In the winter months one of the buildings was turned into an ice skating rink. The main thrill ride was the Greyhound, a wooden roller coaster that operated from 1915 to 1974. It was featured in all three Smokey and the Bandit films. In 1940’s, the Lakewood Speedway, known as the \"Indy of the South\" was built. In 2010, the site became studio complex for EUE/Screen Gems.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2447.0,2514.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKatie Scarlett O'Hara is the main character of Margaret Mitchell's 1936 novel Gone with the Wind and the 1939 film of the same name, where she is portrayed by Vivien Leigh. PBS has called Scarlett “quite possibly the most famous female character in American history.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2530.0,2531.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVivian Mary Hartley, known professionally as Vivien Leigh (1913-1967), was an English stage and film actress. She is perhaps best known for her roles as Scarlett O'Hara in Gone with the Wind (1939) and Blanche DuBois in the film version of A Streetcar Named Desire (1951). Despite her fame as a screen actress, Leigh was primarily a stage actress.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2534.0,2535.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTara is a fictional plantation in the state of Georgia, in the historical novel Gone with the Wind (1936) by Margaret Mitchell. In the story, Tara is located 5 miles (8 km) from Jonesboro (originally spelled Jonesborough), in Clayton County, on the east side of the Flint River about 20 miles (32 km) south of Atlanta.  Mitchell modeled Tara after local plantations and antebellum establishments.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2535.0,2599.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Capitol Theatre in Atlanta, opened in 1927 at 200 block of Peachtree Street, was a prominent, large-scale movie venue in the 1930s often associated with the city's \"Broadway of the South\" theater district. Built and operated by Universal Pictures, it featured a large marquee and, by 1931, was screening major films. It was later gutted in the late 1940s to become a department store.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2535.0,2599.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Paramount Theater, located at 169 Peachtree Street in downtown Atlanta and opened in 1920 as the Howard Theater. In 1929, it changed its name to the Paramount Theater. It was known for its lavish, ornate design, the 2,700-seat venue hosted first-run films, live performances, and vaudeville acts, acting as a centerpiece of the \"Broadway of the South\" district. The building was demolished in 1960.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2535.0,2599.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVaudeville was a theatrical genre of variety entertainment that began in France at the end of the 19th century. It became popular in the United States and Canada from the early 1880’s until the early 1930’s. A typical American vaudeville performance was made up of a series of separate, unrelated acts grouped together on a common bill. Some well-known American vaudeville performs included Buster Keaton, the Marx Brothers, Abbott and Costello, Bob Hope, Judy Garland, and Sammy Davis Jr.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2535.0,2599.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Fox Theatre is located on Peachtree Street in Midtown Atlanta. The theater was originally planned as part of a large Shrine Temple as evidenced by its Moorish design. The theater was ultimately developed as a lavish movie palace, opening in 1929. The auditorium replicates an Arabian courtyard under a night sky of flickering stars and drifting clouds. The Fox Theatre now hosts cultural and artistic events, and concerts by popular artists.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2535.0,2599.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Davis Street School opened in 1887, originally at the corner of Thurmond and Spencer in Atlanta. The school often faced issues of overcrowding as did many of the early Atlanta Public Schools. By the late 1920’s, the school became an all-African American school. In 1955, the school was renamed the Mary McLeod Bethune School and over the next 30 years improvements were made to the school to accommodate the growing student body. The school closed in 2016 after declining attendance.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2851.0,2942.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCrew Street School was the first grammar school opened in the Atlanta Public School System. Crew Street grammar school opened in 1872, which also happened to be the end of Reconstruction in Georgia. The original structure was located at 97 Crew Street between Washington Street and Capital Avenue. It was demolished and rebuilt twice in 1895 and 1911. In 1957, it was one of the nearly 500 buildings demolished for construction of the Interstate 20 expressway.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2851.0,2942.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBette Dwoskin Kurtzman (b. 1934) is an Atlanta, Georgia native. She is the daughter of Oscar and Freda Dwoskin. She attended the University of Indiana and graduated from Emory University. In 1956, she married Lewis Kurtzman and they had three children, Amy, Richard, and Laney. They attended Temple Sinai.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=2851.0,2942.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTheresa Reisman Miller (1910-1979) was born in Atlanta, Georgia. She was the daughter of Joseph and Anna Resiman. In 1933, she married Jack Miller from Brooklyn, New York. They lived in Miami Beach, Florida and had two children, Gerald and Marilyn. She and Jack attended Temple Emanu-El in Miami Beach.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=3000.0,3042.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHerschel Hurwitz (1911-1993) was an Atlanta, Georgia native. He attended Emory University and Vanderbilt School of Law. He was a partner in Herschel’s Fabrics, Inc. He was a member of Ahavath Achim Synagogue and the Standard Club. In 1936, he married Ethyl Saul and they had two daughters, Barbara and Carol.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=3000.0,3042.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGrant Park is a 131-acre green space and recreational area and is the fourth-largest park in the city, behind Chastain Park, Freedom Park, and Piedmont Park. It is the oldest city park in the city, having been established in 1883. The Zoo Atlanta was established in 1889 and was originally known as the Grant Park Zoo, is located in the park. It is surrounded by the historic Grant neighborhood.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=3098.0,3233.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOakland Cemetery is the oldest cemetery and one of the largest green spaces, in Atlanta. Many notable Georgians are buried at Oakland including Margaret Mitchell, author of Gone with the Wind; Joseph Jacobs, owner of the pharmacy where John Pemberton first sold Coca-Cola as a soft drink; Bobby Jones, the only golfer to win the Grand Slam, the United States Amateur, United States Open, British Amateur and the Open Championship in the same year; as well as former Georgia governors and Atlanta mayors. Oakland is an example of a Victorian-style cemetery and contains numerous monuments and mausoleums that are of historical significance.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=3098.0,3233.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDavison's of Atlanta was a department store chain and an Atlanta shopping institution. Davison's first opened its doors in Atlanta in 1891 and had its origins in the Davison \u0026amp; Douglas Company. In 1901, the store changed its name to Davison-Paxon-Stokes after the retirement of E. Lee Douglas from the business and the appointment of Frederic John Paxon as treasurer. Davison-Paxon-Stokes sold out to R.H. Macy \u0026amp; Co. in 1925. By 1927, R.H. Macy built the Peachtree Street store that still stands today. That same year the company dropped the “Stokes” to become Davison Paxon Co. All Davison’s stores were completely absorbed into the Macy’s nameplate in 1986, rendering the store defunct.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=3480.0,3506.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMorris Rich (1847-1928), was the anglicized name of Mauritius Reich, a native of Hungary. He was the founder of Rich's, a department store retail chain headquartered in Atlanta that operated in the southern United States from 1867 until 2005. The store was founded on May 28, 1867, as M. Rich Dry Goods by the 20-year-old Morris Rich with only $500 in capital. In 1877 Morris’ brother Emanuel entered the business and the name of the store was changed to M. Rich and Brother, followed by Daniel in 1884, when the store was again renamed as M. Rich and Brothers. On January 12, 1901, a charter for incorporation was granted, and the firm became M. Rich and Brothers Company. Morris Rich was elected president at a meeting of stockholders on January 18, 1901. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=3507.0,3583.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJoseph Fried Asher (1901-1992) was born in Atlanta and his family (Marks, Asher, and Elsas) has roots in the state of Georgia going back to the Civil War. For most of his career he worked at Rich’s department store in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=3583.0,3590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOscar Richard Strauss Jr. (1908-1981) was a vice-president at Rich’s and an executive at Selig Manufacturing Company. He attended Emory University and graduated from the New York School of Retailing. He was the grandson of Emanuel Rich, one of the founders of Rich’s department store chain.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=3583.0,3590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlvin Meinhard Ferst, Jr. (1922-2009) was an Atlanta engineer and a manager at Rich’s in Atlanta for 35 years, retiring as its Executive Vice President and Treasurer. He was a graduate of Georgia Institute of Technology. During World War II he served in the United States Naval Construction Battalions, better known as the Seabees. After retiring from Rich’s he founded a business and real estate consulting firm.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=3590.0,3602.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJoel Goldberg (1925-2010) was born in Worcester, Massachusetts and relocated to Atlanta, Georgia in 1954. During his 30-year career at Rich's Department Store, he served as President, Chairman, and Chief Executive Officer. He served as a Lieutenant in the United States Navy during World War II and was a graduate of Dartmouth College. He was president of Temple Sinai in Atlanta, Georgia, and president of the American Jewish Committee's Atlanta chapter.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=3590.0,3602.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMichael Peter Rich (1938-1991) was the great-grandson of Morris Rich, founder of Rich’s department store in Atlanta. His father was Dick Rich.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=3603.0,3662.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637/annotation_set/2444/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJohn Fitzgerald Kennedy (1917-1963), often referred to by his initials \"JFK,\" was an American politician who served as the 35th president of the United States from 1961 until his assassination in 1963. Kennedy served at the height of the Cold War, and the majority of his work as president concerned relations with the Soviet Union and Cuba. A Democrat, Kennedy represented Massachusetts in both houses of the U.S. Congress prior to becoming president.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168600/file/306637#t=3677.0,3678.0"}]}]}]}