{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/qf8jd4r043/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Becker, Meyer"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Becker, Meyer (1922-1992) (Interviewee)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Savannah Jewish Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eMeyer John Becker was interviewed in Savannah, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eMeyer John Becker was born on June 15, 1922 to Sigmund Asher Becker and Vera Rebecca Gourivich Becker in Tianjin, China. He grew up in Bethpage, Long Island, New York before moving to Savannah, Georgia in search of greater work opportunities with his wife, Henriette Kathryn “Kay” Salke Becker. Becker started his own business, the Union Army-Navy Store, on West Broad Street in Savannah. Becker was an accomplished racquetball player despite only picking up the sport at the age of 50, winning three national racquetball championships and being inducted into the Greater Savannah Athletic Hall of Fame in 1991. He was very involved in the Jewish Educational Alliance (JEA) in Savannah during his lifetime, including as the program chairman of the JEA Men’s Club for 27 years. He was a Sunday school teacher at Congregation Mickve Israel and later became a member of Congregation B’nai B’rith Jacob. He passed away on March 1, 1992.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eIn his interview, Becker details his family’s history and how his mother and father ended up in Long Island, New York from Austria-Hungary and Russia, respectively. He describes what it was like growing up in near-poverty and in a Jewish family in a largely gentile town. He talks about his experience as a radio operator gunner during World War II. Becker recalls meeting his wife in Queens, New York. He recounts his decision to move to Savannah, Georgia and start a retail business on West Broad Street with limited funds. He recalls how he got involved with the Jewish Educational Alliance (JEA) in Savannah. Becker discusses his love of racquetball and his successes in the sport. He mentions being inducted into the Greater Savannah Athletic Hall of Fame and his time as program chairman of the JEA’s Men’s Club. He describes his conversation with Charles Angoff of the American Mercury when he came and spoke to the JEA Men’s Club. Becker reflects on the role of the JEA in the Jewish community in Savannah, his relationship with Judaism, speaking Yiddish, raising his children with a Jewish identity, and his hopes for the future of the JEA. The interview concludes with Becker speaking about his relationship with professional boxer and boxing referee Mills Bee Lane III.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/29150"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Angoff, Charles, 1902-1979 (personal name)","Mencken, Henry Louis, 1880-1956 (personal name)","Sulzberger, Arthur Hays, 1891-1968 (personal name)","Sulzberger, Arthur Ochs Sr., 1926-2012 (personal name)","Lane, Mills Bee III, 1937-2022 (personal name)","Duvall, Robert Selden, 1931- (personal name)","Becker, Henriette Kathryn Salke, 1925-2012 (personal name)","Waldman, Edward (personal name)","Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation (corporate name)","Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation (corporate name)","Gottlieb's Bakery (Savannah, Ga.) (corporate name)","Mitchel Air Force Base (corporate name)","Old Metropolitan Opera House (New York, N.Y.) (corporate name)","Savannah Union Station (Savannah, Ga.) (corporate name)","Union Bag and Paper Company (Savannah, Ga.) (corporate name)","Morrison's Cafeterias (corporate name)","Jewish Educational Alliance (Savannah, Ga.) (corporate name)","Greater Savannah Athletic Hall of Fame (corporate name)","The American Mercury (corporate name)","The New York Times (corporate name)","The National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP) (corporate name)","The Landings (Savannah, Ga.) (corporate name)","Congregation Mickve Israel (Savannah, Ga.) (corporate name)","Congregation B'nai B'rith Jacob (Savannah, Ga.) (corporate name)","The Hellenic Center (Savannah, Ga.) (corporate name)","University of Nevada, Reno (corporate name)","Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks (corporate name)","Savannah (Ga.) (geographic term)","Tianjin (China) (geographic term)","Brooklyn (N.Y.) (geographic term)","Austria-Hungary (geographic term)","Vladivostok (Russia) (geographic term)","Bethpage (N.Y.) (geographic term)","Okinawa (Japan) (geographic term)","San Francisco (Calif.) (geographic term)","Carle Place (N.Y.) (geographic term)","Jamaica, Queens (N.Y.) (geographic term)","Reno (Nev.) (geographic term)","World War I (topical term)","Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (topical term)","Russian Revolution (topical term)","Gentile (topical term)","World War II (topical term)","Boeing B-29 Superfortress (topical term)","Operation Downfall (topical term)","Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki (topical term)","Racquetball (topical term)","Handball (topical term)","Jewish assimilation (topical term)","Orthodox Judaism (topical term)","Yiddish (topical term)","Hebrew school (topical term)","Torah (topical term)","American Dream (topical term)","20/20 (American television program) (topical term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eMeyer John Becker was interviewed in Savannah, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMeyer John Becker was born on June 15, 1922 to Sigmund Asher Becker and Vera Rebecca Gourivich Becker in Tianjin, China. He grew up in Bethpage, Long Island, New York before moving to Savannah, Georgia in search of greater work opportunities with his wife, Henriette Kathryn \u0026ldquo;Kay\u0026rdquo; Salke Becker. Becker started his own business, the Union Army-Navy Store, on West Broad Street in Savannah. Becker was an accomplished racquetball player despite only picking up the sport at the age of 50, winning three national racquetball championships and being inducted into the Greater Savannah Athletic Hall of Fame in 1991. He was very involved in the Jewish Educational Alliance (JEA) in Savannah during his lifetime, including as the program chairman of the JEA Men\u0026rsquo;s Club for 27 years. He was a Sunday school teacher at Congregation Mickve Israel and later became a member of Congregation B\u0026rsquo;nai B\u0026rsquo;rith Jacob. He passed away on March 1, 1992.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn his interview, Becker details his family\u0026rsquo;s history and how his mother and father ended up in Long Island, New York from Austria-Hungary and Russia, respectively. He describes what it was like growing up in near-poverty and in a Jewish family in a largely gentile town. He talks about his experience as a radio operator gunner during World War II. Becker recalls meeting his wife in Queens, New York. He recounts his decision to move to Savannah, Georgia and start a retail business on West Broad Street with limited funds. He recalls how he got involved with the Jewish Educational Alliance (JEA) in Savannah. Becker discusses his love of racquetball and his successes in the sport. He mentions being inducted into the Greater Savannah Athletic Hall of Fame and his time as program chairman of the JEA\u0026rsquo;s Men\u0026rsquo;s Club. He describes his conversation with Charles Angoff of the American Mercury when he came and spoke to the JEA Men\u0026rsquo;s Club. Becker reflects on the role of the JEA in the Jewish community in Savannah, his relationship with Judaism, speaking Yiddish, raising his children with a Jewish identity, and his hopes for the future of the JEA. The interview concludes with Becker speaking about his relationship with professional boxer and boxing referee Mills Bee Lane III.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/193/921/small/Becker_Meyer.mp4_1687726792.jpg?1687726796","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Becker__Meyer.mp4"]},"duration":1989.65331,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/193/921/small/Becker_Meyer.mp4_1687726792.jpg?1687726796","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/193/921/original/Becker__Meyer.mp4?1687726783","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":1989.65331,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Becker, Meyer [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"INTERVIEWER: Mr. Becker, would you start by telling me a little bit about how\nyou came to Savannah [Georgia] and how you grew here?\n\nBECKER: I'm only too happy to do that, but I want to mention one thing. This\nblack book is a reflective diary, an autobiography of my whole life. The whole\nthing is in here. It would take days to tell you about it. My son Steve asked me\nto do this, and 20 years ago. And I did it. And I'm happy I did it because now\nwe have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it forever. But anyway, I got here . . . believe it or not, I was born\nin Tianjin, China. And I came here when I was four years old, not to Savannah,\nbut to New York. And I think the first place we settled was in Brooklyn. My\nfather, I have to tell you a little bit about my father. You're probably going\nto ask me, \"How come? \"How come a left-handed, blond-haired kid was born in\nChina?\" My ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"father was a medical student in what was then known as the part of\nthe Austro-Hungarian Empire. And when World War I broke out, he had to go, and\nhe had one year to finish his medical training. So, he went into the Medical\nCorps. He was . . . wounded and captured on the Russian front. And because of\nhis medical training, he was allowed access to the little town. And he met my\nmother, you know, a nice Jewish boy and my mother's Jewish family. And, of\ncourse, you remember after the Treaty ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Brest-Litovsk, the Russians\ncapitulated. Then the revolution came. Well, my mother's family were bourgeois.\nThey were middle class, and they had to get out of there. Anybody with a white\nshirt under those conditions was subject to being shot. My mother's brother had\nalready gone to China and was in the business. He was manufacturing oil from\nsoybeans, and they all went there. And as far as I can figure, I think I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was\nconceived in Vladivostok en route. And I was born in China, came to New York\nwhen I was about four, and grew up for the most part in a little town called\nBethpage [New York]. As you probably know, Grumman [Aircraft Engineering\nCorporation], which is now Gulfstream, started in Bethpage. My cousin Ed Waldman\nand I used to work on Sundays. There was a polo game every Sunday, and we used\nto be the guys, the kids who were only kids, and I retrieved ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the, whatever it\nwas, it was a wooden ball that was hit through the thing. We'd get a quarter for\na Sunday. On that very site is where the first Grumman factory was built. I went\nto school in a little red schoolhouse in town, and then was bussed at that time\nfrom Bethpage to Farmingdale High School, which was the next town. Incidentally,\nat the end of this month, I'm going back to Bethpage and Farmingdale for the\n52nd high school reunion. The first and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"probably the last. And it is very\nunusual at Farmingdale High . . . there were only, first of all, in the town of\nBethpage there were only maybe two or three families. The Waldman's, the Beckers\nand another family, I think called the Friedmans. At Farmingdale High, when I\nwent in as a freshman. My cousin Pauline, who is Pauline Tenenbaum and Ben\nWaldman were seniors. My cousin [indistinct: 03:25] was a senior. Bob Neiman's\nformer wife was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"junior, and Ed Waldman [indistinct: 03:33] was a sophomore and\nI was a freshman. We had everybody in the family going to school at the same\ntime. Anyway, [indistinct: 03:41] the situation [indistinct: 03:45] it was very\nbad. My father, I should mention that when we came here, we came here ostensibly\nfor him to finish his medical training. Well, and my brother was born after\nthat, and he had to make a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"living. And he had his first heart attack at age 40.\nAnd from then on, it was just so severe. And every time he'd get . . . feel a\nlittle better, back he'd go again, another heart attack. And it was really rough\nfor us. I remember being on what was known as relief in those days. Today we'd\ncall it welfare. Relief meant that you were really poor. It'd mean you had\nnothing to eat, you didn't have money to buy the coal to put in your furnace. I\nremember as a kid, sifting the ashes out of the coals so we could use the good\ncoals ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"again the next day. Wearing my father's underwear, which was very\nembarrassing to me in high school because when we all got undressed to play\nball, my underwear, I had to twist around and fold it under so it would fit. And\nI thought anybody who could wear underwear that would fit perfectly was in\nluxury. But anyway, they were wonderful times because people were just\nmarvelous, even though there were not . . . we went to . . . I lived in a basic\ngentile environment. It was just wonderful ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people. I mean, I was the poorest and\nif I had a junior prom, whoever I took to the prom, knew they had to buy their\nown corsage. We used to have a habit of all chipping in to put gas in the car.\nOne guy had a car, everybody put gas. Nobody asked me because I know I didn't\nhave it. I didn't have it and they didn't want to embarrass me. I'm going to see\nsome of those very same friends when I go back again. Of course, they're not\ngoing to look the same. Some of them were killed during the war, or some of the\nguys and some of the women have died since, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I'm very much looking forward to\nit. But anyway, I . . . then when World War II started, I went in as a pilot and\ngot washed out and subsequently ended up in the Air Force anyway, as a radio\noperator gunner serving in the Air Force, then came back to retrain in B-29s for\nthe invasion of Japan. As a matter of fact, Irving Gottlieb, of Gottlieb Bakery,\nwas a cook in my outfit. And before we could go over to Okinawa for the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"supposed\ninvasion . . . matter of fact, Irving was on the ship in San Francisco\n[California], and we were getting to fly over tomorrow, and we pretty\nfortunately dropped the bomb. And that probably saved not only my life, but\nmillions of others. My father died while I was in the service and when I came\nhome, I remember getting discharged at Mitchel Field in Long Island. We lived in\na little town called Carle ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Place, which was about three or four miles away. And\nI remember it was February and trudging in the knee-deep snow with two bags, a\nduffel bag and a large bag coming into my house, and there was my mother and my\ntwo brothers, Charlie and Davy, and they were being fed by the neighbors. So, I\ngot out on a Saturday, went to work on a Monday, and went to work for an old\nfriend of my father's from the old country who was in the dress manufacturing\nbusiness. And ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it was there, rather fortuitous, that I met my wife, Kay. I was\nhaving lunch in a little luncheonette right opposite the old Metropolitan Opera\nHouse. And she was a model at that time. And all the models used to come in\nthere. But there was something about her which is particularly sweet, and I\nthought she might be nice to talk to, which I did. And fortunately found out\nthat she lived in Jamaica, Long Island. And at that time, I was staying with an\naunt in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jamaica to save money, commuting back and forth from Bethpage, from\nCarle Place to New York City. And one thing led to another, and we met each\nother by accident a few times again. And then I started riding the subways back\nhome together. We lived on the same street in Jamaica. Out of 10 million people,\nand that's how it started. And I worked in the garment center. I was very\nunhappy. I didn't like it. And my cousin Ed Waldman was visiting. And he could\nsee I was upset, and he ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said, \"Why don't you come to Savannah? My brother Ben\nand I are going to go in the [indistinct: 08:04, possibly \"floor cutting\" or\n\"accounting\"] business and you can work for us.\" So, I came down to Savannah,\nand at that time you had the old Union Station, and when you came in, you backed\nin. You came in, you went out, and you backed in again. I came in, it was like\n98 degrees and the full flower of Union Bag was in the air. But it didn't bother\nme. I fell in love with Savannah immediately and my cousin Ed took me to\nMorrison's, which was on Whitaker Street at that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time, and I thought that was\nthe greatest meal I ever had. It cost about a dollar. And we were . . . Kay and\nI . . . Kay, who is my wife now, were engaged at that time. And then the night I\nwas going to go home, go back to New York, get my stuff and come back, my cousin\nBen said, \"I have a store on West Broad Street that's empty. Why don't you buy\nme out?\" I said, \"I don't have any money.\" And I said, \"I don't know anything\nabout the business.\" He said, \"Well, you can learn the business and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all you have\nto do is get a down payment.\" So I went back to New York, I went up to my old\nemployer and I said, \"Listen, I need $1,000 as a down payment to buy this little\nbusiness.\" He says, \"I think you're crazy.\" But he gave me $1,000 out of his\nshoe and I brought the thousand dollars to my cousin Ben. That was a down\npayment. And that's how I started on West Broad Street, and it was right\nopposite the Union Station. The store at that time was the old General Store.\nBut I changed it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into an army store and that's what I called it, the Union\nArmy-Navy store, which I look back now . . . I had more guts then than I have\nnow. From there, I went up to Broad Street and I got two stores, and I closed\none. And then I took another store on Broad Street, a block away to keep\ncompetition from it. And I closed one. And I'm at the same place now that I was\nalmost 40 years ago. And in the meantime, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've gotten to know the [Jewish\nEducational] Alliance very well. The old Alliance first, where Morris Arkin\ntaught me how to play handball. He used to beat me 21 to nothing, 21 to nothing,\nuntil I'd get one point, two points. And then finally, when this new building .\n. . it was a new building to us . . . opened up, I could be the man here, but he\nwas the one that started it. I played with Dr. Arkin for about 20 years, and he\nhurt his knees and we had to go do something that wasn't quite as strenuous. And\nit was, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"again, like I say, I was fortuitous that . . . I'm sorry to say it was a\nlucky break on my part and not so lucky for Dr. Arkin, because I, for whatever\nreason, I got pretty good at racquetball. Although before that, I was lucky\nenough years before to win the Badminton City Championship and the Paddleball\nChampionship. But I could never win the Handball Championship because Walter\nOwencop [sp.] would always beat me in the finals. But anyway, racquetball has\nbeen ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a wonderful thing for me, and the Alliance has been more than just a second\nhome. I mean, it's been . . . for the physical, for the psychological, for the\nemotional, and for the intellectual, it has been everything to me. It's been\neverything extra. As far as I'm concerned, Savannah, the Alliance, the Jewish\ncommunity, is paradise. There's nothing like it anywhere in the world. As I\nsaid, I was pretty lucky, and I got to be fairly good at racquetball. I won the\ncity championship at my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"age and then went off. I thought I could do fairly well\nin nationals, and I went off and I won the first national . . . I won two. I\nfound myself in the finals. I had beaten three, four national championship\n[winners] and there I was playing, I was going to play in the finals. And I\nthought, \"My God.\" I watched the guy I was going to play, and I thought, \"Well,\nI'm going to be the champ. I'll beat this guy. Easy.\" But I didn't. He beat me.\nAnd he had the most unusual name. His name was Joe Hero. He was no hero to me,\nnot that day. Anyway, since that time, I've won ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"three national racquetball\nchampionships and a third in the international. And this past May, I was\ninducted into the Greater Savannah Athletic Hall of Fame, which was one of the\ngreat highlights of my life. For 27 years . . . I have to go back and forth.\nSometimes the time is not contiguous, but for 27 years I was program chairman\nfor the JEA Men's Club. And I think the greatest contribution I made was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not\nonly that I have different speakers, but I could describe hot dogs differently\nevery month. And I also had the lecture series, and we had some very interesting\nspeakers here. I remember one fellow by the name of Samuel [Charles] Angoff, who\nwas the . . . a great deal before your time there was a magazine, probably the\nnumber one magazine, intellectual magazine in the States was called the American\nMercury, and the editor ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was H.L. Mencken. Samuel Angoff was his assistant, and I\ngot him. I don't remember how we got him to speak at the JEA. And he came down\nhere to stay with me. And he was quite religious. He told us a little story and\nhe said he was very friendly with [Arthur Hays] Sulzberger, who was the\npublisher and I think his son is now at The New York Times. Sulzberger was more\nor less of an integrated, assimilated Jewish guy and Angoff ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was pretty Orthodox.\nAnd they would exchange views and it was at the time when the Nazis were on the\n. . . but we were not in the war yet. And he got a call from Sulzberger around 3\no'clock in the morning. And as I said, Sulzberger had never thought of himself\nas very much Jewish until this particular time. He'd been to a party, called\nAngoff about 3 o'clock in the morning, said, \"Charlie, Charlie, Charlie. Guess\nwhat? They don't like ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"us.\" Which has tremendous connotations. I don't\nparticularly subscribe to that completely because, as I say, I grew up in a\ngentile community, which just couldn't have been better. I could have had all\nsorts of traumas. I was lucky. I played football, baseball, and basketball in\nschool. That helped. And peculiarly, there was another Jewish boy whose name was\nHenry Pollack, who was killed in the war. Another Jewish boy by name of Henry\nBennett. So, there were only three Jewish kids, by the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time my cousins got out\nof school, at the high school. And we all were athletic. We were not the\nbrightest. The only thing that I did write is I used to write the themes for the\nfootball team in English class. I would write all the book reports because none\nof them could do it, but I was reading all the time. At the particular time, I'm\njust as much in love with the Alliance as I ever was. Maybe even more. I can't\nwait to see what's going to happen, because I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"think . . . I'm always amazed when\nI've been on the board of directors and I was, I think, up until last year. I\nwas on it, and I would look at the young people and it was amazing to me the\nverve and the spirit, and the closeness that always . . . the idea of wanting to\ndo something. And that's very heartening. So, I know that the Alliance is going\nto be in good hands for many years to come, and I hope I'm fortunate enough to\nkeep ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on enjoying it as I am.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Can you go back to a few of these civic interests that you had that\nwere mainstays at the JEA. You mentioned you were program chairman of the Men's\nClub . . .\n\nBECKER: . . . Yes . .\n\nINTERVIEWER: . . . And the board of the JEA. What other activities did you share\nof working . . .?\n\nBECKER: Well, so many different boards. But I think I've been on the board of\ndirectors probably a half a dozen times. Different, you know, like two years or\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"three years or one year. But on six different sort of occasions, I was on that.\nI had what was known as the I think they call it the concert lecture series. I\ndon't remember what it was called, but I had it with Mr. Rosenberg. He and I had\nit together. And it was much more difficult than to do the things that . . . we\ndidn't have the money that we have now to pay some of the speakers, but we did\nthe best we could. I was president of the Men's Club, too, I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"think, for a couple\nof years, and I always thought that I represented the JEA whenever I went off to\ntournaments. So, I was the protagonist, I thought, for the JEA. When I went to\nHouston [Texas], or Albuquerque [New Mexico], or Madison [Wisconsin], or\nPhiladelphia [Pennsylvania], or wherever I went to play, even though I belonged\nto a Racquet Plus I always felt that I was representing the JEA. I have to tell\nyou, it's a very funny story that I think most Jewish people would get rather\nthan other people that are not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish. When I came back from my first national\ntournament, which was in Houston, and I thought I'd done so well, I mean, coming\nout second in my first term, and I came into the Elk Club and I was greeted by\nall my friends, \"How'd you do? How'd you do?\" And I said, \"Well, I think I did\ngreat. I came in second. I almost won.\" And they said, \"Really? And how was the\nfood?\" That was the reaction I got from everyone. That's an inside Jewish joke.\nBut it's true.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Since you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"volunteered, this type of work you volunteered through\nover the years, would you have any aspirations for the JEA for the future?\n\nBECKER: Well, for the future insofar as I am concerned, I just want to maintain.\nKeep going. I'm playing racquetball now, enjoying everything that the Alliance\nhas to offer. But moreover, and much beyond that, I would like to see better\nparticipation by a lot of the younger people. It's pretty good right now, but I\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would like to see better. I know that it's so easy . . . the proximity of the\nAlliance to most of the Jewish community before was better. I mean, you have\npeople living on at The Landings and I know it's a hassle coming back and forth,\nkids and all that, it's not so easy. So, I don't know what can be done, but I\nthink the programs are probably one of the . . . the Alliance gets its new\ncover, its new face, it's going to move a lot of people and not just Jewish\npeople. I think it will draw people from the outside and I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"don't see why not.\nWe've got the best buy in town, for the money. But I would like to see just a\ncontinuation of everything that's been going on. I would be more than satisfied\nwith that. But I know it'll be better because the younger people that I see, I\nthink they're smarter than we were. I can just feel it.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Would you share with us some of the interaction or how you\ninteracted with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the JEA when you first came to Savannah?\n\nBECKER: Sure. Well, I would have to . . . I found out about the JEA probably the\nsecond day I was here. I was looking for a place where they had a gym. I don't\never remember not owning a jockstrap, being in a gym in some form. So, when I\nfound out that there was one, of course, I went there, and I started all that.\nBut I must tell you that when I when I was growing up, we didn't have a\nsynagogue in our ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"town. We did have a synagogue in the next town, so the little\nthat I knew about Judaism I got from my parents, and that wasn't too much. My\nfather was a European intellectual, spoke a lot of languages, but . . . and we\nknew we were Jewish. But I never heard the word God too much. And they didn't\nspeak Yiddish in my house. They spoke Russian. Now, my aunts, my tantes as we\ncalled them, were wonderful people. [indistinct: 19:57 ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to 20:03] Whenever I\nwould be with them, they would speak Yiddish. And somehow it got inculcated in\nthe recesses of my mind. And it wasn't until after the war, actually, when I\ncame back to Savannah, I didn't know I understood Yiddish and I didn't know that\nI could speak Yiddish. But when I came back after the war, some of my very good\nfriends like Leon and Evelyn Goldberg and the Hyman's and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Joel Geffen, Dr.\nGeffen's daddy. [indistinct 20:35] who was marvelous. All these were just\nexceptional people and Aidan Kanza [sp.] was I'd get them to speak Yiddish as\nmuch as they could. And I found out that some of the stuff that was embedded in\nthe recesses of my mind came out and today, and I can't explain it, I understand\nYiddish, and I can speak Yiddish. Not as fluently as some other people, but I\ncan get by. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"With respect to Judaism and the evolution of my education, all I\nknew was when I lived back in Long Island, when there was a Jewish holiday, I\ntook off. It was a pleasure. I mean, I had a day off. That was the best part. We\nate certain foods, but it was nothing. I knew nothing about my history. I knew\nnothing about anything with respect to being Jewish except that I was Jewish and\nthat we were. My father, one thing he did, he ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did not let me know that we were\nan unusual people and we had something to be proud about, but I really didn't\nknow why. When we moved here, I had children. They became of age where they\nwould go to Sunday school. I thought I'd better learn something about it myself.\nAnd so I started reading everything that I could. And then I became a Sunday\nschool teacher at the Mickve Israel, and I was in charge of the Sunday school\nfor a while. But it was a wonderful experience ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and still is, because when you're\nautodidactic in something like that, when you learn by yourself and then you\ndiscuss it with other people, it for some reason, it sticks. It stays with you.\nAnd I've never stopped. I'm still reading anything I can that has to do with\nJewish history, or Jewish law, or whatever, because it's so terribly interesting\nand it's an ongoing process that never ends and is very satisfying. But it was\nprimarily that when my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children started going to school, I wanted them to know\nsomething about it because I really didn't. And it wasn't my parents' fault so\nmuch either because it was a depression and they had all to do to just keep the\nroof on our head and keep food on the table. But I made up my mind that my kids\nwould know it, and they do. My son is quite Orthodox, and my daughter is not so\nmuch. I am now a member of the BB Jacobs synagogue, even though I was married at\nthe temple ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and was there for so many years, I find that most of my friends are\nat the BB, and I feel much more comfortable there now than I did before. But I\nwas very happy at the Mickve Israel [indistinct: 23:12].\n\nINTERVIEWER: Since your family has started your history and the black book that\nyou mentioned before, how do you feel about the JEA and the oral history program\nthat we're in right now?\n\nBECKER: Oh, I am terribly ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"enthusiastic about it. I think . . . I don't know\nwhose idea it was, but they ought to get a special medal or something. And all\nyou people who do this work should get special commendations, too, because, I\nmean, this is something indelible for the ages, for the Jewish community. I\nwould hope that we're not the only ones that are doing it. I would suppose that\nother JEA's are doing it, too. [indistinct: 23:55], you know?\n\nINTERVIEWER: I hope so.\n\nBECKER: Yes, I would think so. But I think it's a marvelous idea. But I\nunderstand that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you have other ideas with respect to Jewish history.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Is there something that you can tell people that would instill\ntheir same amount of love for the JEA as you've had over the years? Is there\nsomething special you gained from your relationship with the JEA?\n\nBECKER: It's difficult for me to do that for other people, but I can tell you\nfor myself. First of all, there . . . I belong to the health ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"club. I can speak\nabout the health club first, because the ambience of the health club, the people\nthat come there have very . . . there's no class distinction. There's nothing, I\nmean, that it doesn't make a difference if a person is a millionaire or they're\nworking at Union Bag, or they're sweeping the floor, or whatever. Everybody's\nthe same. And it's . . . your character is what counts, I think at the JEA. You\ndon't fool everybody. Everybody knows where you came from, what your family\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were, what they did. They either admire you for what you are, not so much for\nhow much money you have, but what you are. So, I think it's a great level . . .\nthat was the same thing in the Army. The one great thing about being in the Army\nwas it didn't make any difference. You all were the same uniform and you either\nhad to be straight or be right, or it was just too bad. And the same thing for\nthe Alliance. We can weed out . . . fortunately, we don't have any bad people.\nEverybody that I know is just wonderful. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I just can't imagine, and I think I\nspeak for most of the people of my generation, and I was just 69 . . . I can't\nimagine life without the JEA. It's an integral part of my being and I would hope\nthat younger people, if they give themselves a chance, give it a shot and they\nwould feel the same way. But to do that, they have to come here, they have to\npartake, and they have to become involved in some way, and then ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they'll get the\nsame feeling too.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Mr. Becker, when you first moved to Savannah, where did you reside?\n\nBECKER: That's a very interesting question. When I look back now, it just seemed\nlike I was in an impossible . . . the first place we lived in, Kay and I, was on\n37th Street in the boarding house. Mrs. Goodrich's boarding house. That whole\nstreet was made up of boarding houses, and we had one room, and the bathroom ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was\nin the hallway. I thought it was wonderful. I remember my mother-in-law coming\nto visit us, sitting on the edge of the bed and crying. Looking back now, I\ndon't blame her. And we were being fed at that time, I came here without a\npenny. I mean, less than a penny. Nothing. I had borrowed this thousand dollars.\nI had no money of my own. So, I had to start living from the first sale I made.\nSo, we had to be pretty tight. But Mrs. Waldman and Mrs. Fluch lived next door\nto each other off Lime Street, which was just a half a block away ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from where we\nstayed, used to feed us. We'd go there for supper every night until things got a\nlittle bit better. And then we moved. And I think we got our first apartment . .\n. I paid $35 a month and I thought that was just absolutely luxury. We didn't\nknow about air conditioning. I didn't have air conditioning in my business for\nthe first 20 years. And I remember when . . . I don't know how people would\nchange a pair of pants because it was excruciatingly hot. And I remember what a\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"luxury it was when we first got our first air conditioner in our business and in\nour home. But I wanted to mention about that . . . the initial beginnings and\nthe evolution from a one room with an outside bathroom being fed by aunts to\nslowly evolutionize into an apartment, and then another apartment, and then\nfinally into my own home. It's the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fruition of the American Dream almost to a degree.\n\nINTERVIEWER: And that first thousand dollars?\n\nBECKER: I could have never . . . that first thousand dollars . . . I could have\nnever started. If my cousin Ed Waldman hadn't felt sorry for me . . . and I must\ntell you something about Ed. Of course, you know his daughter Carol, who is very\nmuch like Ed, he was just . . . if there were such a thing as a saint, he was a\nsaint. He was just a wonderful man. Always doing things for other people, for\nhis mother and for my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"father when my father had his heart attacks, and for me,\nand my cousin Ben who gave me the opportunity to buy a store, that really\nstarted the, you know, dig in my first roots in Savannah. I will always be\nthankful and appreciative. And the JEA.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Thank you, Mr. Becker.\n\nBECKER: You're quite welcome.\n\nINTERVIEWER: I sure appreciate your time. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What was it like on the West Broad\nStreet when you became a merchant in Savannah?\n\nBECKER: Very interesting. I want to mention first, I'll answer that question,\nbut my landlord was a wonderful Greek gentleman whose name was Mr. Lazarus\nDrakos, and he was sort of a surrogate father to me. We just got along\nwonderfully. He was wonderful not only to me, but my family in every way and I\ncouldn't ever have made it without him. As a matter of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fact, Mr. Lazarus and the\npresent mayor's father-in-law, Mr. Nichols, were very instrumental in building\nwhat is now known as the Hellenic Center. I shall never forget Mr. Lazarus.\nThere's one thing I wanted to mention about the Alliance again. You asked me\nabout certain aspects of the Alliance. I think everybody has heard of the Mills\nBee Lane family. Well, Mills Bee Lane III, who is now a circuit judge in Reno\n[Nevada], ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was just a young kid when I met him. He was a teenager. He used to\ncome into my store. He and his brothers, they used to shoot different animals\nskins and bring it over to the furrier right around the block. I forgot his name.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Mr. Hirschbaum.\n\nBECKER: Yes. And with the money they'd get to come into my store, and they buy\nstuff. And I got to know him, and I got very friendly with Mills who was very\nmuch interested in boxing, and I had little to do about boxing at that time.\nAnyways he, after that, went off to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Marine Corps and could have gone in as\nan officer because the commandant used to shoot on their reserve in South\nCarolina and they used to be together all the time, but he wanted to do\neverything on his own. He was a very independent individual. He went in the\nMarine Corps, won the All-Marine Corps championship. He came back and got a\nscholarship to the University of Nevada, became the outstanding collegiate boxer\nin the country, won what is tantamount to the Heisman Trophy. But when he used\nto come home on leave, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on vacation, so he had nobody to spar with. So, I made\nhim a member of the JEA. And since he couldn't get a sparring partner, this old\nguy used to spar with him, and he used to knock the heck out of me. There was no\nquarter. I mean, I couldn't hurt him. And his main idea was to knock me down,\nwhich he never did, thank God. But we became very fast friends. As a matter of\nfact, he then became, he turned professional. He won 13 out of 14 ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fights, then\nwent to law school, became a district attorney of Reno. Never lost a case. Just\nelected overwhelmingly with a landslide as judge. But beyond that, when I was\nfortunate enough to be selected for the Savannah Athletic Hall of Fame, he came\nhere 3000 miles to induct me, which I thought was very nice. We are very close\nfriends today. And the last I heard of him, I spoke to him the other day, I\nthink they're going to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do a book on him. They should. If they don't do a book on\nhim, he should do a book on boxing because he's probably the number one referee\nin the world. Almost everything that comes out of Reno or Las Vegas as\nchampionship as one of the fights would be his. And he had some bad publicity on\na program, maybe on 20/20, which when I questioned him about it, he said it was\nso much fabrication. He ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wasn't worried about it. And it bothered me, but it\ndidn't bother him. But I am . . . some 15 or 20 years ago, I inducted him in the\nHall of Fame. And so, he came back this time to do it for me, which I thought\nwas awfully nice. What I would hope is if they ever do a picture on him, there's\na movie actor who looks just like him, Robert Duvall, the spitting image of\nMills. And I hope if they're able to do it they will get ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/transcript/44822/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him. The question is\nwho will do me. I wanted to get that in before we . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=1980.0,2010.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSavannah is the oldest city in the U.S. state of Georgia and is the county seat of Chatham County. As of 2023, it is Georgia’s fifth-largest city.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTianjin, alternately romanized as Tientsin, is a municipality and a coastal metropolis in Northern China on the shore of the Bohai Sea. It is one of nine national central cities in mainland China. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBrooklyn is a borough of New York City, coextensive with Kings County, in the U.S. state of New York. Having a larger Jewish population than Jerusalem, the borough has been described as “the most Jewish spot on Earth,” with Jews forming around a quarter of its population.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAustria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire or the Dual Monarchy, was a constitutional monarchy and multinational state in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was one of Europe’s major powers at the time. Austria-Hungary was one of the Central Powers in World War I, which began with an Austro-Hungarian war declaration on the Kingdom of Serbia on 28 July 1914.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War I, also called First World War or Great War, was an international conflict that in 1914–18 embroiled most of the nations of Europe along with Russia, the United States, the Middle East, and other regions. The war pitted the Central Powers—mainly Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey—against the Allies—mainly France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, Japan, and, from 1917, the United States. It ended with the defeat of the Central Powers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a separate peace treaty signed on 3 March 1918 between Russia and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire), that ended Russia’s participation in World War I.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Russian Revolution refers to two periods of political unrest in the beginning of the 20th century. The Russian Revolution of 1905, also known as the First Russian Revolution, was a wave of mass political and social unrest. It included worker strikes, peasant unrest, and military mutinies. It coincided with a series of violent pogroms that saw many Jews emigrated from the Russian Empire. The First Russian Revolution did not overthrow the Tsarist autocracy or eliminate the restrictions placed on the Jewish population of the Pale of Settlement, but it did give rise to Russia's first democratically elected parliament and resulted in some improved opportunities for Jews within the Russian Empire. During the final phase of World War I, in 1917, another revolution took place, which replaced Russia's traditional monarchy with the world's first communist state. Although the new communist government replaced the centuries-old official antisemitism of the Tzars, deeply ingrained antisemitic attitudes made Jews suspects of potential opposition. Communist ideology asked Jews to assimilate and not to identify as anything but loyal to the state and religious leaders were jailed and executed as political enemies.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVladivostok is the largest city and the administrative center of Primorsky Krai, in the far east of Russia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBethpage (formerly known as Central Park) is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) located within the Town of Oyster Bay in Nassau County, on Long Island, in New York, United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation, later Grumman Aerospace Corporation, was a 20th century American producer of military and civilian aircraft. Its headquarters were in Bethpage, New York. Founded on December 6, 1929, by Leroy Grumman and his business partners, it merged in 1994 with Northrop Corporation to form Northrop Grumman.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGulfstream Aerospace Corporation is an American aircraft company and wholly owned subsidiary of General Dynamics. Gulfstream designs, develops, manufactures, markets, and services business jet aircraft. The company that evolved into Gulfstream started in the late 1950s when Grumman Aircraft Engineering Co. developed a twin turboprop business aircraft at its facilities in Bethpage, New York, called the Grumman Gulfstream I (G-I).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA gentile is a person of non-Jewish faith.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II (abbreviated WWII or WW2) was a global war involving fighting in most of the world and most countries. Most countries fought in the years 1939–1945 but some started fighting in 1937. Most of the world's countries, including all the great powers, fought as part of two military alliances: the Allies and the Axis Powers. World War II was the largest and deadliest conflict in all of history. It involved more countries, cost more money, involved more people, and killed more people than any other war in history. Between 50 to 85 million people died. The majority were civilians. It included massacres, the deliberate genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, starvation, disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons against civilians in history.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Boeing B-29 Superfortress is an American four-engine propeller-driven heavy bomber, designed by Boeing and flown primarily by the United States during World War II and the Korean War.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOperation Downfall was the proposed Allied plan for the invasion of the Japanese home islands near the end of World War II. The planned operation was canceled when Japan surrendered following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the Soviet declaration of war, and the invasion of Manchuria.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGottlieb’s Bakery was the only kosher bakery in Savannah, Georgia. Opened in 1884, it closed in 1994 only to be reopened again in 2016 by Laurence Gottlieb and his brother. It permanently closed in 2020.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOkinawa Island, officially Okinawa Main Island, is the largest of the Okinawa Islands and the Ryukyu (Nansei) Islands of Japan in the Kyushu region. After the Battle of Okinawa during World War II, which lasted from 1 April until 22 June 1945, the Allies planned to use the island as a base for the planned invasion of the main Japanese islands, code named Operation Downfall.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSan Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is a commercial, financial, and cultural center of Northern California. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn 6 and 9 August 1945, the United States detonated two atomic bombs over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, respectively. The aerial bombings together killed between 129,000 and 226,000 people, most of whom were civilians, and remain the only use of nuclear weapons in an armed conflict. Japan surrendered to the Allies on 15 August, six days after the bombing of Nagasaki and the Soviet Union’s declaration of war against Japan and invasion of Japanese-occupied Manchuria.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMitchel Air Force Base, also known as Mitchel Field, was a United States Air Force base located on the Hempstead Plains of Long Island, New York, United States. It was established in 1918 and decommissioned in 1961, becoming a multi-use complex. In 2018 the surviving buildings and facilities were recognized as a historic district and listed on the National Register of Historic Places\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCarle Place (also known historically as Frog Hollow and Mineola Park) is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the Town of North Hempstead in Nassau County, on Long Island, in New York, United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Metropolitan Opera House, also known as the Old Metropolitan Opera House and Old Met, was an opera house located at 1411 Broadway in Manhattan, New York City. Opened in 1883 and demolished in 1967, it was the first home of the Metropolitan Opera.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJamaica is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Queens. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSavannah Union Station was a train station in Savannah, Georgia. In August 1962 the remaining passenger trains were shifted to the new Atlantic Coast Line station on the periphery of Savannah, which remains in use today by Amtrak.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Union Bag and Paper Company’s was founded in 1881. It began as the Union Paper Bag Machine Company in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania under the Calder family. In the late 1920s, partially due to concerns about the labor union movement in the north, the company built a major mill in Savannah, Georgia. The company had a major impact on Savannah politics but was highly respected in the area as having kept Savannah from many of the severe effects of the Great Depression. In May 1956, Union Bag and Paper Co. merged with the Camp Manufacturing Company to form the Union Camp Corporation. In 1999, the Union Camp Corporation was acquired by International Paper.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMorrison's Cafeterias was a chain of cafeteria-style restaurants that was located in the Southeastern United States with a concentration of locations in Georgia and Florida. It began as a single cafeteria opened in 1920 in Mobile, Alabama by J. A. Morrison. At its peak, the company operated 151 restaurants under the Morrison's name in 13 states.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Educational Alliance (JEA) is the name of Savannah, Georgia's Jewish Community Center. It was founded in 1912 and continues to serve the Jewish and general communities in Savannah today.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Greater Savannah Athletic Hall of Fame was founded in 1965 in Savannah, Georgia. It “serves to pay tribute to the finest athletes and recognize the people and organizations that have made the most resounding impact in our community through sports.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCharles Angoff (1902-1979) was a managing editor of the American Mercury magazine as well as a professor of English at Farleigh Dickinson University. He was born in Minsk and his family moved to Boston, Massachusetts when he was a child. H.L. Mencken hired him as an assistant in 1925. He worked on the editorial staff of Mencken’s \u003cem\u003eAmerican Mercury\u003c/em\u003e magazine until 1931, when he became managing editor. Mencken and publisher Alfred Knopf felt Angoff was too far to the left and sold the magazine privately in January 1935. Angoff joined the editorial board of \u003cem\u003eThe Nation\u003c/em\u003e magazine and then became editor of \u003cem\u003eAmerican Spectator\u003c/em\u003e until it folded in 1937. From 1943 to 1951, he served as managing editor of the \u003cem\u003eAmerican Mercury\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe American Mercury\u003c/em\u003e was an American magazine published from 1924 to 1981. It was founded as the brainchild of H.L. Mencken and drama critic George Jean Nathan. The magazine featured writing by some of the most important writers in the United States through the 1920s and 1930s. After a change in ownership in the 1940s, the magazine attracted conservative writers, including William F. Buckley. A second change in ownership in the 1950s turned the magazine into a far-right and virulently antisemitic publication. The magazine went out of publication in 1981, having spent the last 25 years of its existence in decline and controversy.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHenry Louis Mencken (1880-1956) was an American journalist, essayist, satirist, cultural critic, and scholar of American English. He commented widely on the social scene, literature, music, prominent politicians, and contemporary movements. His satirical reporting on the Scopes Trial also gained him attention. As an admirer of the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, he was an outspoken opponent of organized religion, theism, and representative democracy. In 1924, Mencken and George Jean Nathan founded and edited the \u003cem\u003eAmerican Mercury\u003c/em\u003e, published by Alfred A. Knopf. It soon developed a national circulation and became highly influential on college campuses across America. He resigned as editor in 1933. Some of the opinions in his private diary entries have been described by some researchers as racist and antisemitic, although this characterization has been disputed.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eArthur Hays Sulzberger (1891-1968) was the publisher of \u003cem\u003eThe New York Times\u003c/em\u003e from 1935 to 1961. He was born to a Jewish family in New York City. He was noted for his strong opposition to Zionism and the state of Israel, as well as his view that Judaism was only a religion, and that Jews were neither a race nor a people. He has been accused of deliberately burying accounts of Nazi atrocities against European Jews in the back pages of \u003cem\u003ethe Times\u003c/em\u003e in Laurel Leff’s 2005 book \u003cem\u003eBuried by the Times\u003c/em\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eArthur Ochs Sulzberger Sr. (1926-2012) was an American publisher and a businessman. He became publisher of \u003cem\u003eThe New York Times\u003c/em\u003e in 1963 at the age of 37 and chairman of the board of The New York Times Company in 1973. He was the son of prominent publisher Arthur Hays Sulzberger.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe New York Times\u003c/em\u003e is an American daily newspaper, founded and continuously published in New York City since September 18, 1851.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJewish assimilation refers either to the gradual cultural assimilation and social integration of Jews in their surrounding culture or to an ideological program in the age of emancipation promoting conformity as a potential solution to historic Jewish marginalization.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the written Torah and the oral law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays, and more.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP), commonly known as the “Nazi Party,” was a political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945. The party’s leader was Adolf Hitler. Initially, Nazi political strategy focused on anti-big business, anti-bourgeois, and anti-capitalist rhetoric. In the 1930s the party's focus shifted to antisemitic and anti-Marxist themes. Racism was also central to Nazism. The Nazis aimed to unite all Germans as national comrades, whilst excluding those deemed either to be community aliens or of a foreign race. The Nazis sought to improve the stock of the Germanic people through racial purity and eugenics, broad social welfare programs, and a disregard for the value of individual life, which could be sacrificed for the good of the Nazi state and the “Aryan master race.” The persecution reached its climax when the party-controlled German state organized the systematic murder of approximately 6,000,000 Jews and 5,000,000 people from the other targeted groups.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHouston is the most populous city in Texas and the Southern United States. It is the fourth-most populous city in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlbuquerque is the most populous city in the U.S. state of New Mexico.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMadison is the county seat of Dane County and the capital city of the U.S. state of Wisconsin.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePhiladelphia, commonly referred to as Philly, is the most populous city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. It is one of the most historically significant cities in the United States and served as the nation’s capital until 1800. It is the sixth-most populous city in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks (BPOE; also often known as the Elks Lodge or simply The Elks) is an American fraternal order founded in 1868, originally as a social club in New York City. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Landings is a large, gated golf club community located in Savannah, Georgia. It is situated on Skidaway Island, about 12 miles southeast of Downtown Savannah.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYiddish is the common historical language of Ashkenazi Jews from Central and Eastern Europe. It is heavily Germanic based but uses the Hebrew alphabet. The language was spoken or understood as a common tongue for many European Jews up until the middle of the twentieth century. Although the terms “Yiddish” and “Yid” are sometimes used to refer to Jews, Yiddish is a reference to a person's language and not necessarily their ethnicity, religion, or culture. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTante is the French, Dutch, German, Danish, and Yiddish word for “aunt.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew school can be either the Jewish equivalent of Sunday school (an educational regimen separate from secular education, focusing on topics of Jewish history and learning the Hebrew language), or a primary, secondary, or college level educational institution where some or all of the classes are taught in Hebrew.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCongregation Mickve Israel, located in the Historic District of Savannah, Georgia, on Monterey Square, was founded in 1733. It is the third-oldest Jewish congregation in America. The first synagogue, constructed in 1820, was the first synagogue built in Georgia. Founded by Sephardic Jewish settlers, today (2022) it is a Reform congregation led by Rabbi Robert Haas.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTorah [Hebrew: teaching] is a general term that covers all Jewish law including the vast mass of teachings recorded in the Talmud and other rabbinical works. “Sefer Torah” refers to the sacred scroll on which the first five books of the Bible (the Pentateuch) are written, but it is often shortened simply to \"Torah\" in casual speech and writing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCongregation B'nai B'rith Jacob (also known as \"BBJ\" or \"BB Jacob\") is the Orthodox synagogue in Savannah, Georgia. It was founded in 1861 by Eastern European immigrants. The current rabbi, as of 2022, is Avigdor Slatus, who has led the congregation since 1981.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Dream is the national ethos of the United States, a set of ideals including representative democracy, rights, liberty, and equality, in which freedom is interpreted as the opportunity for individual prosperity and success, as well as upward social mobility for oneself and their children, achieved through hard work in a capitalist society with few barriers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Lane family was a prominent banking family in the U.S. state of Georgia\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMills Bee Lane III (1937-2022) was an American boxing referee and professional boxer, at two-term Washoe County, Nevada district court judge, and television personality.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eReno is a city in the northwest section of the U.S. state of Nevada, along the Nevada-California border. It is the county seat of Washoe County and is known for its casino and tourism industry.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Nevada, Reno is a public land-grant research university in Reno, Nevada. 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Created by ABC News executive Roone Arledge, the program was designed similarly to CBS’s\u003cem\u003e 60 Minutes\u003c/em\u003e in that it features in-depth story packages, although it focuses more on human interest stories than international and political subjects. The program’s name derives from the “20/20” measurement of visual acuity.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/97293/file/193921/annotation_set/1062/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRobert Selden Duvall (b. 1931) is an American actor and filmmaker. 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