{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/pv6b27qd6f/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Sotto, Eliezer (2001)"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2001-09-16 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eEliezer Sotto interviewed by Sara Ghitis on September 16, 2001 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eEliezer Sotto was born in Salonika, Greece on April 27, 1923. [As of February 2016 he is still alive.] There were nine people in his family: his father, David Sotto, his mother, Victoria Sotto, his two brothers, Charlie and Isaac, and his four sisters, Gracia, Bella, Rachel, and Sarah. They lived in a Jewish section of town. In 1940, Italy invaded Greece. Eliezer’s family had to move out of their house, which was near the railroad station, to the other side of town, because of the Italian air raids. Later, when the Germans invaded Greece and occupied Salonika in April of 1941, all Jewish males between the ages of 16 and 25 were ordered to go to Liberty Square, where they were tortured under the hot sun for the entire day and humiliated in a number of ways. Eliezer, who was 15 years old, and his older brother, Charlie, who was 17 years old, were ordered to appear on a street corner with a blanket the next Monday morning from which they were taken, along with 50 other men, for hard labor. Eliezer slipped away at the first opportunity and went back home. Charlie returned home a short time later. About two months after they returned home, Eliezer and Charlie were both arrested for leaving the fields. The boys were put in jail for about a month, during which time the jailers would daily select two people from the cells and shoot them. In January 1943 the Germans announced that all Jews would have to move into one of three ghettos and Eliezer’s family had to move.  On April 13, 1943, the family was put on a cargo train along with approximately 2,800 other Greek Jews, and sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau in Poland.  In the selection Eliezer, Charlie and Isaac were separated from the rest of the family.  Eliezer was told he would meet the rest of the family later, but the other prisoners informed him that those who did not go to the barracks went to the gas chambers.  He was given prison clothes, and told that he was going to work for the Germans.  Eliezer was given the number 115303.  Eliezer and Charlie were sent to (Monowitz, or Auschwitz III), while Isaac remained in Birkenau. After six months in Buna, Eliezer was chosen in a selection to go to the gas chamber at Birkenau. When his group arrived at Birkenau, the gas chamber and crematoria were overwhelmed with Jewish arrivals from Hungary, and Eliezer’s group was returned to work. On a separate occasion, Eliezer avoided another selection by slipping into a line of men selected to work rather than the line for the selection.  Somewhere between August 31 and November 27, 1944 he was transferred to Warsaw, Poland where he worked cleaning out the destroyed Warsaw ghetto. The transport stopped at Auschwitz-Birkenau before going on to Warsaw, and Eliezer was able to see his brother, Isaac.  Isaac was also transferred to Warsaw, and the brothers were reunited for the remainder of the war. In late 1944, Eliezer and Isaac were transferred to Dachau concentration camp in Germany. After a couple of weeks, they moved from Dachau to Lager 4. They were then transferred to Lager 7 in Landsberg, Germany. In Landsberg, the commander discovered that Eliezer had learned to be a barber from his father, and he required Eliezer to shave him each day.  From Landsberg, they went to Leitmeritz (Litomĕřice), Czechoslovakia. After five or six months, they were put on a cargo train to be evacuated from Leitmeritz. The train was forced to stop repeatedly due to bombings, and, at one stop, the brothers saw people with the Red Cross, who were trying to get the Germans to allow them to take sick people off the train. They decided to jump off the train. Once they were taken by the Red Cross to the barracks, the Germans came in, and stepped on their stomachs to check if they were really sick. They were cleared to go with the Red Cross because they did not make any noise when the Germans stepped on them. The brothers were taken by the Red Cross to a Catholic hospital called Bulovka in Prague, Czechoslovakia. In the hospital, they were given food, and medical care, and they started to gain some weight. When the area was liberated from the Germans, they started to look for a way to go home to Greece.  Initially, they got on a train without knowing where it was going. They did not have any money for a train ticket, but were allowed to board the train after showing the numbers that were tattooed on their arms in Auschwitz-Birkenau.  Eliezer was briefly separated from Isaac at a train stop when Eliezer got off the train with another man to go to a store, and the train left without him. He learned he was in Ukraine, went to the train station, and boarded another train to Budapest, Hungary, where he reunited with Isaac, and where they stayed for a short time. It took the brothers about two months on trains to get to Salonika. In Salonika, Eliezer opened a fruit stand, and met his future wife, Lucy Levy. Like Eliezer, Lucy had lost most of her family, other than one brother, in the Holocaust. Eliezer and Lucy wanted to go to Israel, but it was too difficult to get there at the time, so they decided to go to the United States. Initially, they were given visas to go to Los Angeles, California, but when they arrived in New York City, they requested to go to Atlanta, Georgia instead. Lucy and Eliezer started a new life in America. Drawing on the skills he had learned from his father, Eliezer became a barber, and eventually owned his own barber shop. Lucy and Eliezer had three children, Rachel, Vicki, and David. They belonged to Or VeShalom, a Sephardic synagogue in Atlanta, and participated in activities at the Jewish Community Center. Lucy was very creative, and knitted blankets, stuffed animals, and gifts for others. In 1995, David and his wife were in a car accident with an 18-wheeler truck. David’s wife was killed, and David suffered a brain injury. Lucy had a very hard time after the accident, and died a short time later. Eliezer and Lucy were married for 49 years, but unfortunately, were not able to celebrate their fiftieth anniversary together, which Eliezer had planned, because she passed away before it occurred. Eliezer has three grandchildren, and two dogs.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eEliezer recalls his family, and life in Salonika, Greece before World War II.  He talks about how life changed for him and his family after the Italians invaded Greece in October 1940 and later, after the Germans invaded Greece in April 1941, after which time, he and his brother were forced into hard labor.  He describes how he and his family were required to move into a ghetto from which they were deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau in April 1943, an eight-day trip by train, where he and his brother, Isaac, were admitted to the camp as slave laborers. Eliezer recounts how shortly thereafter he found out that the rest of his family had been murdered in the gas chambers. He recollects how he was transferred to a number of different camps including Buna (Auschwitz III), Dachau, Landsberg, and Leitmeritz; the hard labor he was forced to do; and his narrow and miraculous escapes, on several occasions, from the gas chambers. He discusses how he and his brother jumped off a cargo train into the hands of the Red Cross. He also discusses their travels through the former Czechoslovakia, Ukraine and Hungary over two months as he tried to get back to Salonika. Finally, he discusses his life in Salonika after the war, meeting his wife, Lucy, and immigrating to America where he became a barber and eventually came to own his own shop.  He recalls how his son was in a terrible automobile accident that killed his son’s wife and how shortly after his wife, Lucy, died just before their fiftieth wedding anniversary.  \u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28441"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Keyword"]},"value":{"en":["air raids","antisemitism-Greece","Atlanta, Georgia","Arbeit Macht Frei","Auschwitz-Birkenau (Death Camp: Poland)","Badges, Jewish","Barbers","Barbering Industry and Trade","Baron de Hirsch Ghetto - Greece","Black Saturday","Bourekas","Buna-Monowitz (Labor Camp - Poland)","Budapest, Hungary","Dachau (Concentration Camp: Germany)","Death Camps: Poland","Deportations","Displaced Persons Camps: Germany","Gas Chambers","Georgia Institute of Technology - Atlanta","Greece","Greenfield Hebrew Academy - Atlanta, Georgia","Hanukkah","Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)","Holocaust survivors","Hungary","Immigration","International Red Cross","Israel","Jews, Sephardic","Jewish-Christian Relations","Jewish Educational Alliance - Atlanta, Georgia","Landsberg am Lech, Germany","Liberty Square - Salonika, Greece","Leitmeritz - Czech Republic","Litomerice - Czech Republic","Or VeShalom - Atlanta, Georgia","Plateia Eleftheria - Salonika, Greece","Prague, Czech Republic","Ransoms","Salonika, Greece","Selections","Sephardim","Slave labor","Sotto, Bella","Sotto, Charlie","Sotto, David","Sotto, Eliezer (Eli)","Sotto, Gracia","Sotto, Isaac","Sotto, Lucy Levy","Sotto, Rachel","Sotto, Sarah","Sotto, Victoria","Thessaloniki, Greece","Trim Shop - Atlanta, Georgia","Ukraine","Vienna, Austria","Warsaw, Poland","Warsaw Ghetto - Poland","World War, 1939-1945"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eEliezer Sotto interviewed by Sara Ghitis on September 16, 2001 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEliezer Sotto was born in Salonika, Greece on April 27, 1923. [As of February 2016 he is still alive.] There were nine people in his family: his father, David Sotto, his mother, Victoria Sotto, his two brothers, Charlie and Isaac, and his four sisters, Gracia, Bella, Rachel, and Sarah. They lived in a Jewish section of town. In 1940, Italy invaded Greece. Eliezer’s family had to move out of their house, which was near the railroad station, to the other side of town, because of the Italian air raids. Later, when the Germans invaded Greece and occupied Salonika in April of 1941, all Jewish males between the ages of 16 and 25 were ordered to go to Liberty Square, where they were tortured under the hot sun for the entire day and humiliated in a number of ways. Eliezer, who was 15 years old, and his older brother, Charlie, who was 17 years old, were ordered to appear on a street corner with a blanket the next Monday morning from which they were taken, along with 50 other men, for hard labor. Eliezer slipped away at the first opportunity and went back home. Charlie returned home a short time later. About two months after they returned home, Eliezer and Charlie were both arrested for leaving the fields. The boys were put in jail for about a month, during which time the jailers would daily select two people from the cells and shoot them. In January 1943 the Germans announced that all Jews would have to move into one of three ghettos and Eliezer’s family had to move.  On April 13, 1943, the family was put on a cargo train along with approximately 2,800 other Greek Jews, and sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau in Poland.  In the selection Eliezer, Charlie and Isaac were separated from the rest of the family.  Eliezer was told he would meet the rest of the family later, but the other prisoners informed him that those who did not go to the barracks went to the gas chambers.  He was given prison clothes, and told that he was going to work for the Germans.  Eliezer was given the number 115303.  Eliezer and Charlie were sent to (Monowitz, or Auschwitz III), while Isaac remained in Birkenau. After six months in Buna, Eliezer was chosen in a selection to go to the gas chamber at Birkenau. When his group arrived at Birkenau, the gas chamber and crematoria were overwhelmed with Jewish arrivals from Hungary, and Eliezer’s group was returned to work. On a separate occasion, Eliezer avoided another selection by slipping into a line of men selected to work rather than the line for the selection.  Somewhere between August 31 and November 27, 1944 he was transferred to Warsaw, Poland where he worked cleaning out the destroyed Warsaw ghetto. The transport stopped at Auschwitz-Birkenau before going on to Warsaw, and Eliezer was able to see his brother, Isaac.  Isaac was also transferred to Warsaw, and the brothers were reunited for the remainder of the war. In late 1944, Eliezer and Isaac were transferred to Dachau concentration camp in Germany. After a couple of weeks, they moved from Dachau to Lager 4. They were then transferred to Lager 7 in Landsberg, Germany. In Landsberg, the commander discovered that Eliezer had learned to be a barber from his father, and he required Eliezer to shave him each day.  From Landsberg, they went to Leitmeritz (Litomĕřice), Czechoslovakia. After five or six months, they were put on a cargo train to be evacuated from Leitmeritz. The train was forced to stop repeatedly due to bombings, and, at one stop, the brothers saw people with the Red Cross, who were trying to get the Germans to allow them to take sick people off the train. They decided to jump off the train. Once they were taken by the Red Cross to the barracks, the Germans came in, and stepped on their stomachs to check if they were really sick. They were cleared to go with the Red Cross because they did not make any noise when the Germans stepped on them. The brothers were taken by the Red Cross to a Catholic hospital called Bulovka in Prague, Czechoslovakia. In the hospital, they were given food, and medical care, and they started to gain some weight. When the area was liberated from the Germans, they started to look for a way to go home to Greece.  Initially, they got on a train without knowing where it was going. They did not have any money for a train ticket, but were allowed to board the train after showing the numbers that were tattooed on their arms in Auschwitz-Birkenau.  Eliezer was briefly separated from Isaac at a train stop when Eliezer got off the train with another man to go to a store, and the train left without him. He learned he was in Ukraine, went to the train station, and boarded another train to Budapest, Hungary, where he reunited with Isaac, and where they stayed for a short time. It took the brothers about two months on trains to get to Salonika. In Salonika, Eliezer opened a fruit stand, and met his future wife, Lucy Levy. Like Eliezer, Lucy had lost most of her family, other than one brother, in the Holocaust. Eliezer and Lucy wanted to go to Israel, but it was too difficult to get there at the time, so they decided to go to the United States. Initially, they were given visas to go to Los Angeles, California, but when they arrived in New York City, they requested to go to Atlanta, Georgia instead. Lucy and Eliezer started a new life in America. Drawing on the skills he had learned from his father, Eliezer became a barber, and eventually owned his own barber shop. Lucy and Eliezer had three children, Rachel, Vicki, and David. They belonged to Or VeShalom, a Sephardic synagogue in Atlanta, and participated in activities at the Jewish Community Center. Lucy was very creative, and knitted blankets, stuffed animals, and gifts for others. In 1995, David and his wife were in a car accident with an 18-wheeler truck. David’s wife was killed, and David suffered a brain injury. Lucy had a very hard time after the accident, and died a short time later. Eliezer and Lucy were married for 49 years, but unfortunately, were not able to celebrate their fiftieth anniversary together, which Eliezer had planned, because she passed away before it occurred. Eliezer has three grandchildren, and two dogs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEliezer recalls his family, and life in Salonika, Greece before World War II.  He talks about how life changed for him and his family after the Italians invaded Greece in October 1940 and later, after the Germans invaded Greece in April 1941, after which time, he and his brother were forced into hard labor.  He describes how he and his family were required to move into a ghetto from which they were deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau in April 1943, an eight-day trip by train, where he and his brother, Isaac, were admitted to the camp as slave laborers. Eliezer recounts how shortly thereafter he found out that the rest of his family had been murdered in the gas chambers. He recollects how he was transferred to a number of different camps including Buna (Auschwitz III), Dachau, Landsberg, and Leitmeritz; the hard labor he was forced to do; and his narrow and miraculous escapes, on several occasions, from the gas chambers. He discusses how he and his brother jumped off a cargo train into the hands of the Red Cross. He also discusses their travels through the former Czechoslovakia, Ukraine and Hungary over two months as he tried to get back to Salonika. Finally, he discusses his life in Salonika after the war, meeting his wife, Lucy, and immigrating to America where he became a barber and eventually came to own his own shop.  He recalls how his son was in a terrible automobile accident that killed his son’s wife and how shortly after his wife, Lucy, died just before their fiftieth wedding anniversary.  \u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/111/549/small/Eli_Sotto.png?1619303693","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Sotto_Eliezer.mp4"]},"duration":3584.913,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/111/549/small/Eli_Sotto.png?1619303693","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/111/549/original/Sotto_Eliezer.mp4?1618684820","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":3584.913,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Eliezer Sotto [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GHITIS: Today is Sunday, September 16, [2001]. We are in Atlanta, Georgia. My\nname is Sara Ghitis. I am conducting an interview with Mr. Eli Sotto. Mr. Sotto,\ncould you pronounce your name for me?\n\nSOTTO: My name is Eliezer Sotto. I came from Salonika, Greece in 1952 . . .\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"January 23, 1952 . . . to the United States.\n\nGHITIS: Where were you born?\n\nSOTTO: I am born in Salonika, Greece.\n\nGHITIS: On what date?\n\nSOTTO: April ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"27, 1923.\n\nGHITIS: What do you remember about your life in Salonika?\n\nSOTTO: Since my childhood . . . always the Jewish people have problems. Also, I\ndon't know why, the Jewish people like to live in neighborhoods all together . .\n. like a ghetto. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ninety-five percent Jewish and five percent gentiles . . . in\nthere, they have some [that] throw rocks . . . stone rocks . . . like [what is]\nhappening in Israel. In 1940, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Italians declared war against Greece . . .\nOctober 1940. The Italians [did] not succeed, and then the Germans came, and\ntook over the country. But before that, going to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"synagogue, Friday night\nservice . . . that was in 1938 . . . after the services, the rabbi make a\nspeech. [He] say . . . what is going on in Germany to threat[en] the Jews, and\nthrow rocks, and beat them in the streets. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"From that time on . . . I can't\nforget it . . . that speech, but only up to now . . . why the Jewish people\ndon't put in consideration that this was . . . something was going on, to know\nthat it was not good news. But I guess what happened is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the next day, probably\nthey forgot all about. After that, two families . . . come from Vienna [Austria]\nto Greece. The Jewish community . . . they put them two doors from where I live.\nThe one family . . . they have two children: a boy and a girl. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because they only\nspeak German, I was trying to help to teach [them] Spanish and Greek . . . I\nused to take [them] with me to my school because one was nervous. After 1940,\nthe Italians started bombing the country. We have to move from the neighborhood\nbecause we were living close to [the] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"railroad station. So we moved to the other\nside of the town, and we [were] separated from those people. Then, the Germans\ntook over Greece, and those two . . . a boy and a girl, which left Austria ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to\nsurvive . . . they become interpreters for the Germans. When the Germans came,\nthe first thing they [do] is to find out how many Jews live in Salonika. The\nsecond, they put it in the paper that the Jews from age 16 to 45 ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be presented\nin the square. Whoever is not present will be severely punished. Many times,\nwhat they done is, they catch [a] couple of people that try to leave the\ncountry, and they hang them, so everybody was afraid . . . we [must be] present\nin the square. When we [were] in the square . . . which a lot of people [did]\nnot live ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"close to town, [so] they was a little late, to . . . present\nthem[selves] there . . . 9:00 sharp. It was a terrible day. They beat them up .\n. . they take their glasses. They have the speakers, and they say, \"Now you all\nhave to work for the Germans, and do [what] they demand. Go up the street to\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that building and register.\" So me and my older brother . . . went and\nregistered. They said, \"Fifty in a group\". . . Monday morning, to be standing in\na corner . . . \"the army trucks are going to come, and pick you all up\" . . .\nwith two blankets. Monday morning, we went to the corner where they told us . .\n. about 50 people [in] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the group . . . they took us 20 miles from the city . . .\nand many others . . . we start digging to make a . . . space for the airplanes.\nWhen I started working . . . they give you a shovel and a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pick, and . . . what\nthey call it . . . wheel barrow. They have those Greeks, kapos in charge, and\n[they] keep saying, \"Fill it up, the bag.\" It was so hard. But a couple hours\nlater, [there] was no ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"way I can keep doing it. So I look around. That was in the\nfield with farms. When I see the kapo walk to the other side, I left. I went\nthrough the fields. I went [to] the main road. I went home. My mother said,\n\"What are you doing [here]?\" I said, \"It was not enough work, they sent us\nhome.\" I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"didn't tell her that I took off. My older brother, he worked that day\nthrough the night. He left, he comes home, and for two or three months, we went\nback, and started working. Two months later . . . me and my brother [went] to\nthe movies . . . when we go home, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was the Germans, with the Greek police,\nthey come, and arrest us, and they put us in jail, with so many others . . . the\nsame thing, they left.\n\nGHITIS: How old were you when this happened?\n\nSOTTO: I was 15 years old.\n\nGHITIS: Fifteen?\n\nSOTTO: Fifteen.\n\nGHITIS: And your brother?\n\nSOTTO: My brother . . . 17. After that, we stay in jail for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a month or so. They\nused to come every day, the jailers . . . big jail . . . they come every day,\nand pick up people, and kill them . . . shoot them . . . two from each bunker.\nAfter that, they come back with the trucks, and took us back to work. In the\nmeantime, the Jewish community, they begged the Germans . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you can, go and\npick up the sick people because . . . they were going in creeks and rivers, and\nthey were having malaria, and they started dying. They ask them to go pick up\nthe bodies, and the sick people. The Germans reply, \"If you give us $6,000,000 .\n. . $5,000,000 we will put the gentiles to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"work.\" The [Jewish community] agreed\nto that . . . the concept . . . the program. The way I know this is this brother\nand sister interpreted for the Germans . . . so I meet [them] downtown where the\nJewish community is . . . because [they] always work with the Germans. They say\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they are going to cancel the program because they are going to give ransom to\nthe Germans so everybody can come home. They cancelled the program, everybody\ncome home. But after two weeks, they announced in the paper that Jews have to\nwear a Jewish star to be identified. About a month later, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they put another\nannouncement that the Jews . . . they have to live in ghettos, and [they] are\ngoing to be deported to Poland to be [with] all the [other] Jews . . . united. I\nwas wondering why . . . I was a young boy . . . I didn't have the experience . .\n. but other people, why they don't do something to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"escape, to survive. Anyhow,\nafter that, they said, \"You have to move from the neighborhood where you live,\nyou have to live [in] separate areas, the ghetto\" . . . in other words, if you\nlive on Biltmore Drive, you have to go ten blocks down there. We moved to the\nghettos, and then they put an announcement at the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time that tomorrow, Ghetto One\nwill be transported to Poland. They come . . . the army come . . . Germans, and\nevacuate the ghetto. Maybe they take about 2,000 to 2,500 people . . . men,\nwomen, and children. They brought us to the railroad station, they put [us] on\nthe cargo trains, and they ship us to Poland, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which took eight days from\nSalonika to Poland. We got there about midnight. They stop the trains, and said,\n\"Raus, raus, schnell!\" [German: \"Out, out, hurry!\"] It means \"fast.\" Then we\nhave those other prisoners, and [they] help us because from sitting in the train\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all those days, we . . . our low circulation doesn't move . . . we don't have\nenergy. So they pick us up, and then [when] we're standing, put us in line. The\nGermans are separating maybe 300 or 400, maybe 500 youngsters, men and women.\nThey say, \"You all go this way. You ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are going to meet the families later.\" When\nwe get there, we see the first camp . . . it's Auschwitz [Main Camp: Auschwitz\nI]. We see the \"Arbeit Macht Frei\" sign. \"Work will give you freedom,\" and we go\nthere. They have the barracks. We went through the barracks. They take . . . our\nclothes. We went to the other side of the barracks, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they give us prison\nclothes. There is [an] interpreter over there. The interpreter say, \"You have to\nwork for the Germans, and do [what] they demand. Whoever is not complying, they\nwill be severely punished.\"\n\nGHITIS: Where was the rest of your family?\n\nSOTTO: We were separated when we got to Poland . . . midnight after eight days.\nThey separated the families. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When we got there, I ask in Auschwitz-[Birkenau] .\n. . ask the other prisoners, \"Where are the other families? They are supposed to\ncome.\" They say, \"You see those two buildings across . . . one is the gas\nchamber, and the other is crematorium . . . already they [are] exterminated.\" I\nsaid, \"What are you talking about?\"\n\nGHITIS: Who else in your family went to Poland?\n\nSOTTO: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The whole [of] my family went to Poland.\n\nGHITIS: Who were they?\n\nSOTTO: Four sisters and three brothers, father and mother. We are nine in the family.\n\nGHITIS: Would you name them? What was the name of your father?\n\nSOTTO: David Sotto. My mother . . . Victoria Sotto. My older sister was Gracia\n[sp], Bella [sp], Rachel, and Sarah. My older brother was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Charlie, Isaac, and my\nname is Eli. Those two pictures over there-- they are my two sisters . . . that\nI find after I [was] liberated.\n\nGHITIS: How long were you in Auschwitz-[Birkenau]?\n\nSOTTO: When we got there, we stayed eight days in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Auschwitz [Main Camp], and\nthen we got transferred. Me, and my older brother, and my younger brother went\nto Auschwitz-[Birkenau]. After eight days, they put us in line to be transported\nto another camp called 'Buna' [Monowitz: Auschwitz III]. They said, \"If there is\nanybody younger than 13 to . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"remain in Auschwitz-[Birkenau].\" Me and my\nolder brother told him, \"Isaac, you must stay because you are almost 13.\" They\nput the youngsters on the other side, and then we make the transport, and we\ntransferred to Buna. After working in Buna for six months, one night there was\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[a selection] for people not able to work no more. I was [in a] separate block\nfrom my brother. I was block 22, my [brother] was block 26 . . . so they\nseparate me for the gas chamber. They took us to . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"maybe about 500 prisoners\n. . . Birkenau for the gas chamber. But at that time, the gas chamber was busy\nwith bringing people from Hungary, and they put us on reserve. After the next\nday, the Germans came by, and they told the kapos, \"For the time being, put\nthose ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"prisoners back to work.\" They brought us back to camp, and they put us to work.\n\nGHITIS: What kind of work?\n\nSOTTO: Digging ditches, picking up [unintelligible: 18:47] empty, take us\nthrough the railroad, empty bags of cement, bricks, move lumber, stones, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all\nkinds of stuff. After a week or two, they make another selection from the\nbarracks, and start to select the people. I noticed when they were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"selecting\npeople not able to work no more, that when I was in line, they took one in front\nof me. What I did is I make one step . . . because the remaining ones got to go\nto the other side . . . so I make one step. Then when they stop the line to\nselect, you go this way . . . instead, you go to this way, and go to the barrack\nand register. I went to the barrack with the others and register[ed] . . . give\nthe number.\n\nGHITIS: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Show us your number.\n\nSOTTO: We went to the other side, and we registered . . . to the barrack and\nregistered. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then they transfer us to the capital of Poland [Warsaw]. I survived\nthe gas chambers at that time. When we was for bringing now to go to Poland, we\nstop in Auschwitz-[Birkenau] because Auschwitz-[Birkenau] was on the way. The\nfirst thing I [was] looking for my young brother, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who we left at\nAuschwitz-[Birkenau]. I saw my younger brother. I said, \"How are you doing?\" He\nsaid, \"What are you doing inside here?\" They put him in the barracks. That is\nbetter than being outside because you've got to make hard labor. He said, \"No,\nthey took us the number because we are going to be transferred to Warsaw\n[Poland] also.\" Then, the transport, that day, took off . . . they put us in the\ncargo ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"train to Warsaw. About a week later, another transport come from\nAuschwitz-[Birkenau], and there was my brother. I meet my younger brother and\nfrom then, we was all the time together.\n\nGHITIS: What was his name again?\n\nSOTTO: Isaac Sotto. In Warsaw, he stayed in Barrack 5. I was in Barrack 2.\n\nGHITIS: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Where in Warsaw was this?\n\nSOTTO: The capital of Poland.\n\nGHITIS: Yes. What part of Warsaw? Was it a special labor camp?\n\nSOTTO: In Warsaw, there was . . . what they have . . . the Ghetto.\n\nGHITIS: In the Warsaw Ghetto?\n\nSOTTO: When the Jews have the Ghetto, that's where they make the camp, where the\nGhetto is. As a matter of fact, we walk in the buildings, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we find bodies,\nand people was hiding . . . still was hiding in those buildings with . . . the\nresistance. We stayed until 1944 in Warsaw. In 1944, they evacuate ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the camp\nbecause the Allies was pretty close, and they took us to Dachau. We march a\nwhole week, and they put us in the train to go to Dachau. We arrive in Dachau,\nand we stay for a couple of weeks, and then we transfer to another camp: Number\n4. They have different camps, Number 1, Number 4, Number 7. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then from Number 4,\nI went to Lager [German: camp] 7. I think that was in Landsberg, Germany. Then\nfrom Landsberg, Germany, we got transferred to Leitmeritz. That was in\nCzechoslovakia. We were working in a town over there. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"After working in\nCzechoslovakia . . . I don't recall exactly how long it was, I think five, six\nmonths . . . they evacuated the camp. They put us in the cargo train. That was\nprobably on March, 1945. Where the train ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was going . . . they make many stops\nbecause I think this part . . . the trains . . . there was bombing so the train\ncannot continue. At that time, the Czech civilians come, nuns and all kinds of\npeople, and begged the Germans to take the sick people from the trains. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They\nconvinced the Germans to [let them] go because some of the trains were the open\ntops, and because they were Tsechía [Greek: Czech], and Polish, and Russian,\nthey know the language . . . they was asking for help. They begged the Germans\nto get the sick people . . . so the Germans agree . . . so they was coming down.\nWhen I saw the nuns and people with the Red Cross, I said to my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"brother, \"Let's\njump from the train.\" We jumped. Then the nuns come, and took us to a barrack\nover there to all the sick people. Then, when we are standing there, the Germans\ncome to check everybody, make sure [they are] sick. The way they checking is\nstepping your stomach. If you make a sound, that means you are okay [well, not\nsick]. I told my brother, \"[When they] step on you, say not a sound.\" They\nchecked, and told the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Polish . . . the nuns, the Red Cross, \"You can have them.\"\nThey come with trucks, with army stretchers, and they took us to a Catholic\nhospital. We stay in the Catholic hospital.\n\nGHITIS: Where was the hospital?\n\nSOTTO: In Prága [Czech: Prague] and the name of the hospital was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bulovka. The\nfirst thing the doctors . . . they told us to make sure not to give us enough\nfood. But after a week or so, we . . . me and a Russian guy . . . we go to\nanother room where all the doctors eat. We used to go over there, and eat all we\ncan. The doctors were surprised how so ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fast we gain so much weight. In the\nmeantime, by March 28, we hear on the speakers that the war was over, which was\nlater, but Czechoslovakia was liberated, and we are free. After we are\nliberated, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we went to find out how we [can] go back home. So many other\nprisoners . . . we got together to go to the railroad station and find a way.\nThe train was going to take off, and we went inside the train. We not know which\ndirection it's going. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That train stop . . . I was with my younger brother. I\nsaid . . . me and another guy . . . we see a store across the street, and we try\nto go get something. By the time we went, the train took off. It was in the\nmiddle of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nowhere. So we start walking to the rail station . . . we come in a\nlittle place. It was Oukranía [Greek: Ukraine]. Nothing but Ukrainian women\nwere there. They was waiting to board [the train] to go to Hungary. The train .\n. . we went inside there . . . it was nighttime . . . dark . . . with all these\nwomen inside the train. The train took off to go to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Budapest [Hungary]. Without\nknowing anybody, and suddenly all the Russians come inside there. The first\nthing we notice was . . . I don't know if it was a good sign or not . . . we\nwent to a corner, laid down . . . and then we arrive in Budapest. The first\nthing, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those Ukrainian women . . . they know where the Jewish community was . .\n. the Jewish school was. It was not too far so we walked, and there was other\nprisoners over there. We stayed in Budapest. Then we find out how to go home\nagain, so we went back to the railroad station. From one train to another, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so\nfinally it took about two months to go back home.\n\nGHITIS: How did you get money for the ticket?\n\nSOTTO: The number . . . just show the number. We don't have no money. Every\nplace we go, there are some organizations . . . they give us food. Then we got\nhome. Now, when we got to Salonika, we don't know how to start a new life.\n\nGHITIS: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What about the rest of your family?\n\nSOTTO: First thing when we was in camp, we don't know what is going on, but\nafter we liberate, we realize they are really . . . they are not around no more\n. . . they are gone. It was so hard. I meet a woman . . . and [she] said, \"How\nare you doing?\" I say, \"I feel bad. I don't know how we are going to make new\nlives.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She said, \"You find someone and get married, start to make a new life.\"\nI say, \"How will I find anyone, I don't know nobody.\" In the meantime, I open a\nlittle fruit stand. This woman came to shop with another young girl that she\nknew. When she was shopping, she was turned around, and I noticed that girl. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I\nsaid, \"Who is that girl?\" She said, \"A friend of mine, you want to meet?\" She\ncalled and introduced [her] and said that she was a Holocaust survivor, too. I\nsaid, \"Do you mind, we can get together Sunday?\" [She said,] \"No.\" I went to\nthat woman's house, and we met. From then on, we got engaged, and after three\nmonths, we got married. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She lost everybody, and I lost everybody. We tried to\ncome . . . we want to go to Israel, but at that time it was difficult. Then, we\napplied to come to the United States. When we came to the United States, the\nfirst thing is my visa was to go for Los Angeles [California] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but there was\nsomebody else came before me, and said, \"Atlanta [Georgia], the climate's better\nin Atlanta.\" When I got up to New York [City, New York], I asked the women who\nwere in charge if it's possible to change the ticket to Atlanta. [One of them\nsaid,] \"I don't know. The American consul is across the street. I can take you\nover there.\" We went over there, and [she] said, \"This young guy wants to go ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to\nAtlanta.\" They took the papers, and scratched out [Los Angeles], and said, \"You\ngo to Atlanta.\" When we came to Atlanta, the first thing we find out the\nSephardic synagogue.\n\nGHITIS: What was the name of the girl you married?\n\nSOTTO: My wife that I met was Lucy Sotto . . . Lucy Levy. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She also . . . she\nlost everybody, except that one brother survived, and went to Israel. He went\nfrom the camps back to Israel, and he went to the 1967 war and he got shot. He\nwas sick for a long time, and then he died.\n\nGHITIS: So you came to Atlanta, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you were saying that you found the Sephardic\nsynagogue. How were you received?\n\nSOTTO: Again, we start a new life in this country. The only thing is we didn't\nknow how we were going to start with no language in a new country. Things were\ndifficult. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The good thing was that my father was a barber. One thing I forgot to\nmention when I was in camp . . . in one of the camps, they ask if you were a\nbarber or electrician. I raised my hand, and I said I was a barber. That was in\nLandsberg, Germany. I went every day, and shaved the commander, but then they\nevacuated the camp, and so I lost. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anyhow, when we came . . . my father was a\nbarber, and I had learned the trade from my father. I was wondering how we were\ngoing to start a new life to work. I was talking with someone, who said, \"I know\nsomebody . . . [he] is Italian and Spanish. If you want me, I take you over\nthere. I get my hair cut down there.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I went, and [was] introduced [to] this\nguy. [He] had a place on Georgia Avenue. His name was Chris Perez [sp]. I went,\nand got introduced. The man, right away, he say, \"You got a tool?\" [I say,]\n\"Yes.\" He say, \"Go bring your tools.\" I say to the man, \"I don't know how to\nspeak it English. I don't know how.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Don't worry,\" he say, \"because the men\nspeak Spanish also.\"\n\nGHITIS: What was his name?\n\nSOTTO: Chris Perez. He said, \"No problema. Voy yo te ayudar.\" [Spanish: \"No\nproblem. I'll help you.\"] I went back, got the tools, and I went to the shop. He\ntold the other barbers to switch a chair [for me] to be next to him. When the\ncustomer come, he put them in the chair, he tell the customer, how they want\ntheir hair cut? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He tells me in Spanish, \"Regular.\" [Spanish: regular]. So, after\nsix months, I don't have no problem. I learn . . .\n\nGHITIS: 'Regular,' which means 'standard'?\n\nSOTTO: Regular, yes. Corto [Spanish: short] or regular. After six months, I\ndon't have no problem. I pick it up . . . have a clientele. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"After that, I was\nlooking in the paper, and I see this place was for sale . . . no, I find this\nplace, they have rent for chair, to make a little more money, and I went. There\nwas the barber shop where I am now, on Peachtree [Street]. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was working, and\nafter the other barber taught me, the guy wanted to sell the place over to him,\nbut he was not interested. I went home. I was thinking. I like the shop. How to\nbuy it [when] I don't have no money? The next day, I go when I can to get a\nhaircut. I say, \"Is there any way you can tell me ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how to buy the shop? I don't\nhave no money.\" He said, \"Give me the man, the owner's name. I talk to him.\" He\ncalled the owner, and say, \"Eli, your employee, want to buy your barber shop,\nbut he don't have the money. We can go apply for loan. You can co-sign so he can\nbuy the shop, and get you all the money. If he don't pay, you get your shop\nback, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nothing to lose.\" He said, \"Okay.\" We went to the bank, and we make the\nloan. He got the money, and I got the shop. That was in 1954, and I have been\nthere since.\n\nGHITIS: What's the name of your shop?\n\nSOTTO: The name of the barber shop is the 'Trim Shop.'\n\nGHITIS: Where is it located?\n\nSOTTO: [At] 849 Peachtree [Street--Atlanta, Georgia].\n\nGHITIS: Is that downtown?\n\nSOTTO: It's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on Peachtree between . . . I don't know if you know where the Fox\nTheater is, it's three blocks from the Fox Theater . . . between 6th and 7th on Peachtree.\n\nGHITIS: Do you like what you do?\n\nSOTTO: Yes, thank G-d. I raised my family. I sent my children to school, sent my\nson to college.\n\nGHITIS: Tell me about your family. Your wife's name was Lucy?\n\nSOTTO: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She was my wife. She had a brother, which was a teacher also. He got\nkilled in the Greek army, with the Italians. Her mother, when they find out the\nnews her son got ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"killed, she got a stroke. She had a hard time . . . my wife had\na hard time from childhood. Then, after this happened, we were liberated, she\nlost everybody. We come to make a new life. We was doing okay, but in 1995 . . .\nmy son got married . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and after a year or so, went out to eat, on Friday\nnight, a big 18-wheeler [truck] came, and they hit him. They kill his wife, and\nmy son got a head injury. My wife took it very hard . . . the accident, and she\nwas crying all the time. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I told my wife . . . my wife said, \"After all this\nhappening it is not enough what we went through, why this happen to us?\" I told\nmy wife, \"You come with me to the shop. Don't stay home. We are going to work\ntogether.\" Then, we have the other shop of my son, who went to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the synagogue.\nAfter we come back from the other shop, my daughter and my son together, we\nseparate. As soon as we come home, she said, \"I don't feel good.\" I said, \"Let\nme call the doctor.\" I called the doctor Saturday . . . he said, \"If it is an\nemergency, take her to the hospital.\" I called the children. I said, \"Mama not\nfeel good.\" The ambulance came . . . we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"called the ambulance. They came. They\nput her in the ambulance, and halfway going to the hospital, she died inside the ambulance.\n\nGHITIS: Could you describe her? What kind of a person was she?\n\nSOTTO: For me, she was the best woman in the whole world because that woman, who\nwas so . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"create things, and so intelligent. If [she] see what you are\nwearing, she can copy right there. In other words, at one time, they [be]come\npopular . . . ponchos. I don't know if you know what I'm talking about. She saw\nthe women had one, and right away she make those ponchos. My daughter, she got\nmarried, and moved to Seattle, Washington. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She sent a knitted poodle to the\nin-laws. We went to visit the in-laws. My wife saw the poodle. She come home,\nand right away she make the poodles. David, can you bring them from there . . .\nis in the other room, and you can bring what Mama knitted, the knitting. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She\nmake yarmulkes for the Hebrew Academy, and also, for children, for babies . . .\nbooties, little blankets, little hats, which we used to give to the people who\nhad babies.\n\nGHITIS: How many years were you married?\n\nSOTTO: We were married 49 years. We were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"going to celebrate 50 years. What I was\nthinking is that I was going to make surprise because my wife saw . . . they\nnever come with . . . a limousine came. My wife say, \"The Amatos have a\nlimousine.\" . . . From that day . . . we are ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"49 years married . . . when we\ncelebrate fiftieth anniversary, I am going to have a limousine to take us to the\nhotel, which is where we invite, and make the 50 years anniversary. She didn't\nmake it. I want to show you . . . can you go through . . . I show you what my\nwife . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Can you believe if you touch this how this woman used to do all these\nthings for people, not just for us? This is what she used to make for babies.\n\nGHITIS: Did she sell it also?\n\nSOTTO: No, no, give to people . . . like we have bazaar. One time, she make\nabout 50 of those -- for the bazaar.\n\nGHITIS: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She never sold them.\n\nSOTTO: Always made blankets.\n\nGHITIS: Can you say what bazaar you are talking about?\n\nSOTTO: What they call it, Or VeShalom bazaar. You know what bazaar is? They make\nevery year . . . Hanukkah bazaar, that's what it means.\n\nGHITIS: She would do it for the bazaar every year, and it was sold?\n\nSOTTO: Yes, to donate for the bazaar.\n\nGHITIS: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or VeShalom has a group that bakes Sephardic?\n\nSOTTO: Yes, my wife, she used to go every Tuesday and make bourekas. You know\nwhat bourekas is? The pastry they make.\n\nGHITIS: Let's talk about your children? Who are your children? What are their names?\n\nSOTTO: My oldest daughter's name is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rachel, my second daughter is Vicki, and my\nson, my youngest, David.\n\nGHITIS: What can you say about them?\n\nSOTTO: Rachel, she lives in Florida, in Tampa. She is married, and lives in\nFlorida. Vicki, she is a teacher at the Hebrew Academy. My son [David] graduated\nfrom Georgia [Institute of] Tech[nology--Atlanta, Georgia]. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He now buys houses,\nand renovates, and sells them. That is what he is doing now.\n\nGHITIS: Do you have any grandchildren?\n\nSOTTO: I have three grandchildren. I have a grandson, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Happy Morris [sp], then is\nDenise, then is David Frank.\n\nGHITIS: Let's talk about the community in Atlanta, the Jewish community. You\nsaid that when you arrived you contacted the Or VeShalom congregation?\n\nSOTTO: Yes, also the Jewish community . . . they was the ones that helped us\nuntil we got ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"established, and then we make ourselves to pay for the others. I\nused to donate money for . . . what did they call it here . . . Federation.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"After 25 years, for those to celebrate, we have a reward. I went to the 25 years\nof service . . . donate to the Federation.\n\nGHITIS: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In what organizations have you been involved in, aside from the\nsynagogue, and you donate money to the Federation?\n\nSOTTO: We used to go, at the time it used to be the Jewish Center on Peachtree.\nWe used to take the children, and they have activities over there. We [are]\nmembers today, the [Marcus] Jewish [Community] Center.\n\nGHITIS: What about your Judaism? How important is it to be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish, to stay Jewish?\n\nSOTTO: Here is . . . the thing is . . . being Jewish is one thing, but\nsometimes, Jewish people make also mistakes. Not everybody is correct. That's\npart of life, you cannot correct those things.\n\nGHITIS: For instance, what kind of mistakes?\n\nSOTTO: I will say this. For instance, in World War II, a lot of Jews, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they went\nand worked for the Germans . . . they volunteered for the Germans . . . that was\na disgrace. Other Jews over here, they are not all good . . . like you have good\npeople and bad people.\n\nGHITIS: How helpful was the community to you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when you arrived?\n\nSOTTO: That was okay. They do the best they can.\n\nGHITIS: What kind of things?\n\nSOTTO: For instance, we don't have nothing . . . a total loss. The Jewish\nFederation, they help us to put on our feet, until we are able to work . . .\nuntil we can . . . that's why I feel like to those people . . . what they done\nto us.\n\nGHITIS: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Who were some of the first people you met when you first arrived in Atlanta?\n\nSOTTO: The first people was from the Federation. There is Mickie Eisenberg\n[Krinsky], and her brother is Dr. Greenberg . . . what is the last name? I can't\nthink of it . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Irving Greenberg, I think his name. Anyhow, that's . . .\n\nGHITIS: Do you have any friends here, people you know who had experiences\nsimilar to yours who also came from Greece, from Salonika?\n\nSOTTO: No. There used to be . . . about 15 families over here.\n\nGHITIS: From Salonika?\n\nSOTTO: From Salonika, but they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are all gone, they die. I think there may be one\nor two left.\n\nGHITIS: How religious are you?\n\nSOTTO: Like I said, in my childhood, I used to go to services, and my wife used\nto go every Saturday. I say, \"When we retire,\" because of the job I have. I used\nto work on Saturday. She ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"goes to the shul [Yiddish: synagogue] on Saturday. When\nI retire, we could together to go to the synagogue. But I lost them. I feel\ndepressed. I have to go work . . . go to the shop. That's my . . . that's what I\nam now. I have two dogs, that's part of my life now . . . two dogs and my\nchildren. Thank G-d, I have good children. They look after me. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They call me five\ntimes a day to know how I feel.\n\nGHITIS: Do you have something you want to tell your children, at this moment?\n\nSOTTO: Yes. That's my life. Thank G-d, they are so good to me. I have a blessing\nto them.\n\nGHITIS: Do you have something you want to tell your grandchildren?\n\nSOTTO: I love . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's all I have . . . that's all I have in the whole\nworld, the children and my grandchildren.\n\nGHITIS: I want to go back to your name, Eliezer Sotto. What is the origin of\nyour last name?\n\nSOTTO: I tell you, it's very hard because here in the [United] States . . . to\npronounce it . . . Eliezer Sotto. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some people \"E-lize-er,\" is not Eliezer. Then,\nEli [French: pronounced \"el-ee\"] is French, Eli [pronounced \"ee-lie\"] is\nEnglish. It doesn't matter, as long as it's the name, that's fine.\n\nGHITIS: Where does the name 'Sotto' come from?\n\nSOTTO: That's a Spanish name. Our ancestors, all the Jewish . . . Sephardic\nJews, they all come from . . . their background from Spain. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then, 500 years ago,\nwhen they throw the Jews from Spain, they went to Greece, to Turkey, to\nAmsterdam [Netherlands], to New York, they spread everywhere.\n\nGHITIS: The Spanish name 'Soto' is spelled with one \"T.\" Do you know why yours\nis not?\n\nSOTTO: I don't have any idea what is the . . . why the two T's are.\n\nGHITIS: Do you know why you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"survived?\n\nSOTTO: A miracle. I survived five times from the gas chamber, so that . . . and\nalso for the Jews that survived, also, that is a miracle . . . because the\nGermans . . . if their war could have stayed four, five months [longer], there\nwould be no survivors. That's number one. Number two, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if the Germans can win the\nwar, you and me would not be here, so that is another miracle.\n\nGHITIS: In your message to your children, you said that you love them. You speak\nseveral languages. Could you tell them that you love them in the languages you speak?\n\nSOTTO: They know, they know.\n\nGHITIS: Let's hear it.\n\nSOTTO: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Te quiero mucho en mi corazon. [Spanish: I love you very much in my heart.]\n\nGHITIS: That's Spanish, Ladino. How about Greek?\n\nSOTTO: S'agapó pára. [Greek: I love you.]\n\nGHITIS: How about Italian?\n\nSOTTO: A molto bene cara mucho. [Italian: Very well-loved; mucho is Spanish for\na lot]\n\nGHITIS: How about French?\n\nSOTTO: Non, j'ai oublié. [French: No, I forgot] But . . . Moi, je parle bien\naprès la guerre, mais non, j'ai oublié. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Je ne sais pas. [French: Me, I spoke\nwell after the war, but no, I forgot. I don't know.]\n\nGHITIS: Je vous aime? [French: I love you.]\n\nSOTTO: Je vous aime beaucoup. [French: I love you very much.]\n\nGHITIS: What other languages, in what other language do you speak?\n\nSOTTO: It has been 50 years. All those languages I learned through the war, I\njust got lost. Only if I hear somebody, I can pick it up a little bit.\nOtherwise, it's difficult . . . back.\n\nGHITIS: Is there ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a song that you used to sing at other times in Ladino, for instance?\n\nSOTTO: I can't recall now. I just . . . this is not. Since I lost my wife, I no\nhave desires.\n\nGHITIS: But this is for your children.\n\nSOTTO: I understand . . . children knows me, the way I am now. It's just . . .\n\nGHITIS: Do you know ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Avinu Malkenu?\n\nSOTTO : Si. Estas el son canciones de religion. Lo siento todos dias. [Spanish:\nYes. These are the songs of my religion. I will remember them/feel them all my\ndays.] But, yo no se cantar. Tus puedes ser sabes. No tampoco. [Spanish: I\ncannot sing. You can understand. Not anymore.]\n\nGHITIS: Do you have something you want to tell future generations, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a survivor?\n\nSOTTO: A future generation . . . is to peace in a war, also in Israel, and now\nwhat is happening here in the [United] States. This is very serious, what's\nhappened now. I hope some miracles. The way the Jews live is with miracles. I\nhope a miracle can come to solve these ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"problems all over the world. See I have .\n. . in my business . . . I have all those counselors from Israel who come to\nUnited States. The first thing I ask them, \"You are an Israeli, sabra? Tell me .\n. . when the Jews are going to have peace.\" He say, \"I am sorry to tell you.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They say there is no answer to that. Jews live on miracles. That's the answer.\"\nYou believe that. All the time . . . like for instance, there were many miracles\n. . . how I survived from the gas so many times. They take me by my hand to the\ngas chamber, and they left me, and grabbed somebody else. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/transcript/24931/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So many times,\nmiracles happen in this world. That's how the Jews live now, with miracles.\n\nGHITIS: Thank you very much.\n\nSOTTO: You are welcome.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=3570.0,3600.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/annotation_set/492","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/annotation_set/492/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSalonika, or Thessaloniki, is the second-largest city in Greece. As of February 1943, there were about 56,000 Jews in Salonika.  By the end of the war, this great community had ceased to exist.  Today, Jewish community life has revived somewhat, and Salonika is now the second largest Jewish community in Greece, behind Athens. There are approximately 1,000 Jews living in Salonika.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/annotation_set/492/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn the late nineteenth century, Salonika’s Jews became the target of Greek and Armenian pogroms (violent riots aimed at massacre or persecution of an ethnic or religious group).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/annotation_set/492/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIncidents in which rocks were thrown as weapons by Palestinians have killed, and injured many Israelis, particularly in the areas of Judea and Samaria, in Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/annotation_set/492/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGreece entered World War II on October 28, 1940, when the Italian army invaded from Albania. The Greek army was able to stop the invasion, and was even able to push the Italians back into Albania, thereby winning one of the first victories for the Allies. The Greek successes, and the inability of the Italians to reverse the situation, resulted in the intervention of Germany, which invaded Greece on April 6, 1941, and overran the country within a month.  Greece was occupied, and divided between Germany, Italy and Bulgaria, while the king and government fled into exile in Egypt.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/annotation_set/492/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVienna is the capital and largest city in Austria. Austria was occupied on March 12, 1938, and annexed into the German Third Reich.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/annotation_set/492/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWhen the Germans arrived in April 1941, anti-Jewish measures were enacted.  Some of the Jews fled to Athens (occupied then by the Italians, who were regarded as relatively benign compared to the Germans). \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/annotation_set/492/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePlateia Eleftheria [Greek: Liberty Square].\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/annotation_set/492/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJuly 11, 1942 is still called “Black Saturday.”  Nine thousand Jewish men between 16 and 45 years of age were ordered to assemble at Plateia Eleftheria (Liberty Square), where they were humiliated in the burning sun all day.  They were forced to stand without moving, and anyone who tried to shield his eyes from the sun was beaten.  The men were forced to roll on the ground, and perform bizarre and difficult calisthenics. The Germans took pictures the whole time from the balconies around the square, and applauded. When the men were granted permission to return home they had to run the first 150 meters or crawl on all fours, turn somersaults, and roll in the dust. About 2,000 were sent to forced labor for the Germany army, where the death rate was high.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/annotation_set/492/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA kapo was a prisoner in a concentration camp or labor camp who was assigned by the SS guards to supervise forced labor or carry out administrative tasks in the camp. The kapo system minimized costs by allowing the camps to function with fewer SS personnel. It was designed to turn victim against victim, as the kapos were pitted against their fellow prisoners in order to maintain the favor of their SS guards.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/annotation_set/492/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish community paid a fee of two billion drachmas to ransom the Jews who were rounded up for slave labor.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/annotation_set/492/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Star of David [Hebrew: Magen David] is generally recognized as a symbol of Jewish identity and Judaism.  A Star of David was used by the Germans during the war as a method of identifying Jews. If a Jew was found not to be wearing the star in public, he or she could be subject to severe punishment.  In Greece the star was yellow.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/annotation_set/492/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn February 1943, the Jews were concentrated in two ghettos, one in the east of Salonika, and one in the western, Baron de Hirsch quarter, near the railway station, in preparation for impending deportations. The Baron de Hirsch ghetto near the railroad station became the transit point for transports to the Auschwitz-Birkenau extermination camp.  The deportations began on March 15, 1943, and ended on August 10, 1943.  There were 19 transports in total that carried 48,533 Jews.  About 37,000 were murdered on arrival in Poland. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/annotation_set/492/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThis is a reference to the Baron de Hirsch ghetto near the railroad station, which was filled and then emptied in a transport, only to be refilled again for the next transport.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/annotation_set/492/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAuschwitz-Birkenau was a complex of camps: the Main Camp (Auschwitz I), Auschwitz-Birkenau and Monowitz (Auschwitz III).  Many smaller sub-camps were attached to the complex which drew their labor from the Main Camp and Auschwitz-Birkenau.  The Main Camp is where the museum is today, and has the famous ‘Arbeit Macht Frei’ gate. The Main Camp was established on the site of existing Polish army barracks just outside the town of Oswiecem (renamed ‘Auschwitz’ by the Germans), and could hold about 10,000 prisoners.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/annotation_set/492/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e‘Arbeit Macht Frei’ is a German phrase meaning “Work makes [you] free.” The slogan is known for having been placed over the entrances to a number of German concentration camps, including most infamously Auschwitz I, where it was made by prisoners with metalwork skills, and erected by order of the Germans in June 1940.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/annotation_set/492/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Museum owns several images of Eli’s family.  They can be found in the Eliezer Sotto Family Collection, ESF 255.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/annotation_set/492/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWhen the Germans wanted to expand the size of Auschwitz, they built Birkenau about two and one-half miles away from the Main Camp. This is the camp with the iconic brick gate and the railroad tracks leading to the ramp.  Birkenau had the largest total prisoner population. Originally, Auschwitz-Birkenau was supposed to be a huge pool of political prisoners and Russian prisoners-of-war to be used for slave labor, but sometime in 1942, it was decided that it was the perfect place for the ‘Final Solution’—the extermination of the Jews.  Birkenau was divided into more than a dozen sections separated by electronic barbed-wire fences, and was patrolled by SS guards. The camp included sections for women, men, a family camp for Roma (Gypsies), and a family camp for Jewish families deported from the Theresienstadt ghetto.  Birkenau is where the four gas chambers and crematoria came to be located, each with a disrobing area, a large gas chamber, and crematorium ovens. The SS continued gassing operations at Auschwitz-Birkenau until November 1944.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/annotation_set/492/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Monowitz camp (or Auschwitz III) was about four miles east of the Main Camp.  The German chemical firm IG Farben built a huge complex for the production of synthetic fuels and rubber (buna) in April 1941.  The availability of thousands of slave laborers in the Auschwitz camps, rail lines, and nearby natural resources for fuel was the reason the camp was built there.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/annotation_set/492/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWith the deportations from Hungary, the role of Auschwitz-Birkenau as an instrument of the German plan to murder the Jews of Europe achieved its highest effectiveness. Between late April and early July 1944, approximately 440,000 Hungarian Jews were deported, around 426,000 of them to Auschwitz-Birkenau. The SS sent approximately 320,000 of them directly to the gas chambers in Auschwitz-Birkenau, and deployed approximately 110,000 to forced labor in the Auschwitz concentration camp complex.  During this period as many as 8,000 Hungarian Jews were murdered on a daily basis.  The crematoria were unable to keep up and open-air pits were used.  Thus, it was Eliezer’s ‘good fortune’ that the gas chambers were overwhelmed by the Hungarian arrivals at this time.  You may see images of the burning of bodies in pits at www.yadvashem.org: archival signatures 20AO8, 1495/47 and 5318/200.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/annotation_set/492/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn April 13, 1943 approximately 2,800 Jewish men, women and children from Salonika arrived at Auschwitz-Birkenau.  After the selection, 500 men were given Nos. 114875 to 115374.  Eliezer was among this group; his number is 115303.  Three hundred sixty-four women are also admitted.  The remaining 1,935 Jews are murdered in the gas chambers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/annotation_set/492/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn July 19, 1943, after the Warsaw ghetto was officially liquidated, a special concentration camp was sent up in Warsaw, Poland. Between August 31 and November 27, four transports of 3,683 Jews arrived from Auschwitz-Birkenau to clean up the area, and reclaim building materials for construction in Germany. The camp was called ‘Konzentrationslager Warschau’ but was known as “Gesiowka” after the prison for Jews that had been in the ghetto, and in which they were now housed. Other Jewish prisoners retrieved the bodies of Jews who had died in the ghetto during the liquidation. They were brought to Gesia Street, and burned on pyres. Miraculously, a handful of Jews survived in the rubble of the destroyed ghetto until the end of the war. About 2,000 Jews of Warsaw survived in the camps, and about another 10,000 in the ‘Aryan’ part of the city.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/annotation_set/492/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDachau, established in Germany on March 22, 1933, was the first regular concentration camp established by the Nazis. It was originally a camp for political and criminal prisoners. It was located on the grounds of an abandoned munitions factory near the northeastern part of the town of Dachau, about ten miles northwest of Munich in southern Germany.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/annotation_set/492/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLandsberg am Lech is a town in southwest Bavaria, Germany. There was a German concentration camp in Landsberg.  By October 1944, the camp held more than 5,000 prisoners. It was liberated by American forces on April 27, 1945 after which the camp was turned into a displaced persons (DP) camp.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/annotation_set/492/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe small town of Litomerice (Czech:Litoměřice; German: Leitmeritz) is located within the Sudetenland, in former Czechoslovakia, and was mainly inhabited by Germans. It was annexed by the German Reich in August 1938 as a result of the Munich Agreement, signed by Germany, France, the United Kingdom, and Italy. In official German documents, the concentration camp at Litomerice was called ‘Arbeitslager Leitmeritz’ or ‘SS Kommando B 5.’ The first transport of 500 prisoners came from the Dachau concentration camp on March 24, 1944. Over 18,300 inmates passed through the camp between 1944 and 1945, coming from Poland, the former Soviet Union, Slovenia, France, Germany, and former Czechoslovakia. Its inmates also included Belgians, Italians, Dutch, Serbs, Croats, and Bulgarians. A numerous group numbering 4,000 inmates consisted of Jews, mainly from Poland, Hungary, former Czechoslovakia, Greece, Lithuania, Latvia, and other countries. The death rate at the camp was very high due to atrocious living conditions, and disease epidemics. In April 1945, the SS began dissolving the camp under chaotic circumstances. About 1,200 prisoners were left behind in the camp, and liberated by the Russian army during the final days of the war.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/annotation_set/492/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCzechoslovakia is the common reference for the Czechoslovak Republic, a state that was established by the Versailles Treaty in 1918 from several provinces after the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian state at the end of World War I.  During World War II it was occupied and divided. The Germans split it into Slovakia (an ally of Germany) and the rest was merged into the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia in the Greater German Reich. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/annotation_set/492/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe International Committee of the Red Cross (“Red Cross”) is a humanitarian institution based in Geneva, Switzerland. During World War II, the Red Cross—although limited by the Germans—had access to and was a crucial source of information about civilians, prisoners of war, and concentration camp prisoners. At the end of World War II, the Red Cross worked with national Red Cross societies to organize relief assistance to those countries most severely affected by the war.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/annotation_set/492/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFaculty Hospital Bulovka is one of the largest hospitals in Prague, Czech Republic. It is affiliated with the Faculty of Medicine of the Charles University.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/annotation_set/492/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAreas that had been annexed or occupied by the Germans to the west of Germany proper were liberated by American and British forces before Germany itself had been officially beaten (that is, Berlin fell).  This included the area that had been called ‘Czechoslovakia’ and had become the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. The official surrender date for the entire European war is May 8, 1945. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/annotation_set/492/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA visa is a conditional authority given by a country for a person who is not a citizen of that country to enter its territory, and to remain there for a limited duration. Each county typically attaches various conditions to their visas, such as duration of stay, the territory covered by the visa, dates of validity, etc. Immigrant visas are issued to those intending to immigrate to the issuing country.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/annotation_set/492/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSephardic Jews are the Jews of Spain, Portugal, North Africa and the Middle East and their descendants. The adjective “Sephardic” and corresponding nouns Sephardi (singular) and Sephardim (plural) are derived from the Hebrew word ‘Sepharad,’ which refers to Spain. Historically, the vernacular language of Sephardic Jews was Ladino, a Romance language derived from Old Spanish, incorporating elements from the old Romance languages of the Iberian Peninsula, Hebrew, Aramaic, and in the lands receiving those who were exiled, Ottoman Turkish, Arabic, Greek, Bulgarian and Serbo-Croatian vocabulary.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/annotation_set/492/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Fox Theatre is located on Peachtree Street in Midtown Atlanta. The theater was originally planned as part of a large Shrine Temple as evidenced by its Moorish design. The theater was ultimately developed as a lavish movie palace, opening in 1929.  The auditorium replicates an Arabian courtyard under a night sky of flickering stars and drifting clouds. The Fox Theatre now hosts cultural and artistic events, and concerts by popular artists.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/annotation_set/492/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEliezer’s son David was married to Cindy, who died in the accident.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/annotation_set/492/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA poncho is a blanket-like cloak with the hole in the center to admit the head, originating in South America.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/annotation_set/492/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJewish men cover their heads during prayer with a small skull-cap called a ‘yarmulke’ or ‘kippah.’  Orthodox Jewish men wear it at all times to remind themselves of G-d’s presence.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/annotation_set/492/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Katherine and Jacob Greenfield Hebrew Academy was the first Jewish day school in Atlanta, and was founded in 1953.  As of mid-2014 the Greenfield Hebrew Academy (grades pre-K through 8) and Yeshiva High School (grades 9-12) merged into one college preparatory day school now called the Atlanta Jewish Academy.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/annotation_set/492/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for “dedication.” An eight-day festival of lights usually falling around Christmas on the Christian calendar. Hanukkah celebrates the victory of the Maccabees in 165 BCE over the Seleucid rulers of Palestine, who had desecrated the Temple. The Maccabees wanted to re-dedicate the Temple altar to Jewish worship by rekindling the menorah but could only find one small jar of ritually pure olive oil. This oil continued to burn miraculously for eight days, enabling them to prepare new oil. The menorah with its eight branches commemorates this miracle.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/annotation_set/492/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBourekas are baked pastries that can be stuffed with a variety of fillings.  Originally from Turkey, bourekas fall into the category of small savory pies common throughout the Middle East, North Africa, and parts of Asia. They are a favorite dish among Sephardic Jews, particularly on holidays and other celebratory occasions.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/annotation_set/492/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCongregation Or VeShalom was established by refugees of the Ottoman Empire, namely from Turkey and the Isle of Rhodes.  The congregation began in 1920 and was based at Central and Woodward Avenues until 1948 when it moved to a larger building on North Highland Road.  The current building for OrVeshalom is on North Druid Hills Road.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/annotation_set/492/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Educational Alliance operated from 1910 to 1948 on the site where the Atlanta- Fulton County Stadium was located. The JEA was once the hub of Jewish life in Atlanta. Families congregated there for social, educational, sports and cultural programs. The JEA ran camps and held classes to help some new residents learn to read and write English. For newcomers, it became a refuge, with programs to help them acclimate to a new home. The JEA stayed at that site until the late 1940’s, when it evolved into the Atlanta Jewish Community Center and moved to Peachtree Street. It stayed there until 1998, when the building was sold and the center moved to Dunwoody. In 2000, it was renamed the ‘Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta.’\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/annotation_set/492/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCatholic Monarchs Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile established the Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition, commonly known as the ‘Spanish Inquisition,’ in 1478. It was originally intended to ensure the orthodoxy of those who converted from Judaism and Islam. Those Jews who converted were called “conversos” (converts), and were regarded with deep suspicion by the tribunal. Eventually, all Jews who refused to convert were totally expelled from Spain in 1492. The figures vary dramatically from 800,000 to more modern figures of 40,000 (with about 40,000 Jews converting to avoid expulsion).  The Jews immigrated first to Portugal (which in turn kicked them out in 1497), and then to North Africa. Some went to Italy, Greece and other places in Europe.  These became the “Sephardim.”  The “conversos” who remained in Spain were heavily persecuted, and, if accused and convicted of being a “crypto-Jew,” were often burned at the stake.  Other minorities suffered as well. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/annotation_set/492/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for “Our Father, Our King.” This is a prayer recited during services on Rosh Ha-Shanah, the Jewish New Year, and Yom Kippur, the Day of Repentance, as well as on the Ten Days of Repentance from Rosh Ha-Shanah through Yom Kippur. Each line of the prayer begins with the words “Avinu Malkeinu,” and is then followed by varying phrases.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=3450.0,3480.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/index/47838","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Eliezer Sotto [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/index/47838/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Early Life and the Beginnings of War","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=21.0,785.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/index/47838/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My name is Eliezer Sotto. I came from Salonika,  Greece in 1952 . . . January 23, 1952 . . . to the United States. 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They stop the trains, and said, “Raus, raus, schnell!” [German: “Out, out, hurry!”]  It means “fast.”","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=785.0,1522.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/index/47838/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Arbeit Macht Frei","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Auschwitz","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Buna","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"crematorium","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"extermination","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gas chamber","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ghetto","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hungary","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tattoo","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Warsaw","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Work will give you freedom","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=785.0,1522.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/index/47838/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Liberation in Czechoslovakia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=1522.0,1929.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/index/47838/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When I saw the nuns and people with the Red Cross,  I said to my brother, “Let’s jump from the train.” We jumped. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=1522.0,1929.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/index/47838/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Budapest","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bulovka","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Czechoslovakia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Prague","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Red Cross","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=1522.0,1929.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/index/47838/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Immigrating to the United States","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549#t=1929.0,3584.913"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39925/file/111549/index/47838/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We tried to come . . . we want to go to Israel, but at that time it was difficult. Then, we applied to come to the United States. 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