{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/pv6b27qb6w/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Yampolsky, Vladimir"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2006-7-6 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection"]}},{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eVladimir Yampolsky interviewed by Rachel on July 6, 2006 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eVladimir Yampolsky was born in 1956 in Odessa, Ukraine which was then a part of the former Soviet Union. His father Lev Yampolsky was an engineer and his mother Dora Kotlyar Yampolsky was a music teacher. His mother profession had largely influenced his own professional choice to become a violinist. In 1989, he immigrated to the United States and settled in Atlanta, Georgia, where he worked as a high school music teacher.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eIn the interview Yampolsky describes his life in Odessa between 1956 (the year of his birth) and 1989 the year he emigrated to United States from the Ukraine and eventually arrived to Atlanta with his wife and young son. Eventually he also sponsored his extended family’s arrival to Atlanta (His mother, his brother and the brother’s wife and daughter). He also describes the interactions between Jews and Ukrainians in Odessa during the years of his childhood and youth and many instances of anti-Semitism that he had encountered including mot being accepted into the Moscow Conservatory and having to enroll at St.Petersburg instead in order to receive an education as a musician. Currently (in 2006) Yampolsky works as a high school level music and orchestra teacher after ten years of playing as a violinist in the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra. He also describes the elation that he and his entire extended family felt upon being granted their US citizenship.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28495"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Immigration (topical term)","Anti-Semitism (topical term)","Russia (topical term)","Musician (topical term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eVladimir Yampolsky interviewed by Rachel on July 6, 2006 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVladimir Yampolsky was born in 1956 in Odessa, Ukraine which was then a part of the former Soviet Union. His father Lev Yampolsky was an engineer and his mother Dora Kotlyar Yampolsky was a music teacher. His mother profession had largely influenced his own professional choice to become a violinist. In 1989, he immigrated to the United States and settled in Atlanta, Georgia, where he worked as a high school music teacher.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the interview Yampolsky describes his life in Odessa between 1956 (the year of his birth) and 1989 the year he emigrated to United States from the Ukraine and eventually arrived to Atlanta with his wife and young son. Eventually he also sponsored his extended family’s arrival to Atlanta (His mother, his brother and the brother’s wife and daughter). He also describes the interactions between Jews and Ukrainians in Odessa during the years of his childhood and youth and many instances of anti-Semitism that he had encountered including mot being accepted into the Moscow Conservatory and having to enroll at St.Petersburg instead in order to receive an education as a musician. Currently (in 2006) Yampolsky works as a high school level music and orchestra teacher after ten years of playing as a violinist in the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra. He also describes the elation that he and his entire extended family felt upon being granted their US citizenship.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/101/264/small/Vladimir_Yampolsky.png?1619305067","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Yampolsky_Vladimir.mp4"]},"duration":9703.989,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/101/264/small/Vladimir_Yampolsky.png?1619305067","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/101/264/original/Yampolsky_Vladimir.mp4?1605866847","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":9703.989,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Vladimir Yampolsky [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RACHEL: Today is July 6, 2006, and I am here with Vladimir Yampolsky, who has\nagreed to be interviewed for the Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Project\nwithin the Elliot and Judith Cohen Oral History collection, part of the William\nBreman Jewish Heritage Museum\n\nThank you for being here today.\n\nVLADIMIR: Thank You, Rachel.\n\nRACHEL: Would you mind giving us your last name and spelling it and telling us\nwhere you were born?\n\nVLADIMIR: Vladimir Yampolsky, name spelled V L A D I M ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I R last name spelled Y A\nM P O L S K Y. I was born in 1956 in the city of Odessa, formally Ukraine, part\nof the former Soviet Union--It's still Ukraine now; it's an independent country.\n\nRACHEL: Could you describe your early life there and your family?\n\nVLADIMIR: My mother immigrated--not immigrated, came to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the town when she was\nfour or five with her parents, who were very religious Jews, very traditional.\nIt goes back to the traditional Ukrainian Jewish Community when there was no\nreal choices, everybody was of the same denomination, the same Jewish faith. My\ngrandmother and grandfather, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they did not think about ever breaking away or not\nbeing observant. It was part of life, basically. Most of the Jews were confined\nto small villages called shtetls they called them. It was the little village of\nRomanov, where they came from. They came to the big city of Odessa. My\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grandfather Shiva Kotlyar, it was the Kotlyar family on my mother's side. He was\na -- as the last name suggests, he was a cutler. He was making cutlery. As a\nmatter of fact, I remember when I was a toddler, I was washed in a tub that he\nmade by himself. He was working on making big tin capacities for wine. It was a\nshtetel where the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Polish, they called them magnates, the Polish rich--Polish and\nUkrainian guys they had wineries and he was making those huge capacities for\nwine, like cylinders, that went underground. He would be lowered into one of\nthese cylinders which were probably between twenty and twenty-five feet high and\nhe would be putting tin all over it. Grandmother would ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"come and rope down him a\nbreakfast or dinner. When they came to Odessa, he continued to do what he did,\nmaking all kinds of household utensils and working for factories--now it was\nSoviet factories in '28, 1928--a Soviet ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"winery. He worked for them and he was a\ngreat specialist of his trade. They loved him. Life was difficult. The Soviets\ndid not pay much, but at least sometimes they used to bring him fresh produce to\nhis house, which cost nothing. It was my grandfather on my mother's side, and of\ncourse, his wife, Bruha ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kotlyar, did not work. She gave birth to nine children,\nand four survived, among them my mother, she was the youngest. Her sister died\nin the [inaudible] crash, and two other siblings, one died back in Russia. Her\nsister immigrated with her, she was one of the people who we helped to bring\nover. My mother died six months ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ago. Both her sister and my mother, they are\nburied in the Arlington Cemetery. This was my mother's side, on my father's side\nI don't know much about them. They died early, both the grandmother and the\ngrandfather died before I was born, so I have no personal recollection. My\nfather divorced my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mother and he immigrated to the United States, approximately,\nif my memory serves me well, in 1978/77. He immigrated here to the United\nStates, and he died in the United States.\n\nRACHEL: And what did your parents do?\n\nVLADIMIR: My father was an engineer and my mother was a teacher--music teacher.\n\nRACHEL: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what were their names?\n\nVLADIMIR: My father was named Lev Yampolsky and my mother was named Dora\nKotlyar. So, it was a generation in which, basically, observance was lost,\nbecause they were already brought up during the Soviet Era. There were no\nremnants ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Judaism in the household, but we knew that we were Jewish, because\nin the Soviet Union, first off, it's in the passport. They put your nationality\ninto the passport and that was a source of discrimination, used to be and is\nnow. It was a source of discrimination because everybody could read--even if\nthey didn't--you know, Jewish people, they pretty ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much--I mean, I don't want to\nenter this murky water of race and faith, but, as far as we--especially in\nRussia, Jews stick out, so to speak, from the Slavs because they don't, we\ndon't, resemble and because of Judaism being, you know, preserving itself so\nsuccessfully over the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"centuries. Jews did not mix, at least biologically,\nthrough the marriages. They didn't mix with Gentiles, with Slavs, with Russians,\nUkrainians, and therefore, facial features and stuff, it was quite obvious who\nwas Jewish and who was not. Even before you open your passport. Some ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews in\nRussia tried to change--it was the fifth article in the passport, they tried to\nchange their nationality, it was called nationality. Here [in the US]\nnationality means basically citizenship, but in Russia, nationality it means\nyour race. They tried to change, but the common joke was they will beat not on\nyour passport, they will beat up your face, so don't try to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"change this in your\npassport. My father was--So, my mother was a teacher, and father drafted, when\nhe was 17 years old into the [Soviet] Red Army to fight against the Nazis. He\nwas wounded, decommissioned; recommissioned, wounded again, recommissioned,\nwounded a third time and then for good, I mean. He finished ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"his war when he was\n19. Very affected by it, physically, you know huge scars all over his body, 17\nyear old.\n\nRACHEL: What did he tell you about his war experience? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Did being Jewish have any\neffect on his experience?\n\nVLADIMIR: No, he did not talk to me much about war. He did not like it. He got\nonly one medal and he threw this medal somewhere, nowhere to be found. He just\nhated it, he didn't care for the decoration. Now, it wasn't yet time when it was\nsomething unusual, a lot of people fought in the war, and today, I mean, it\nsounds almost like a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hero, and I would be very proud of him, but at that time,\nwhen I was growing up, there's a lot of Russians who fought in the war. The only\nunusual, to me, thing is that he was drafted when he was 17. To me, it sounds\nlike almost like a child. I mean, how old are you, Rachel?\n\nRACHEL: 22\n\nVLADIMIR: 22--you are much older than--\n\nRACHEL: Seventeen is very young.\n\nVLADIMIR: So, they drafted ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him from Odessa, and it was around Odessa that he was fighting.\n\nRACHEL: You were talking about the passports earlier, so could you describe this\nexperience if he had stood out as a Jew or couldn't make friends as a Jew, even\nif you weren't observant?\n\nVLADIMIR: I wasn't obviously observant, my mother wasn't observant. I mean it\nshould be passed to you by somebody, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"right? My parents were not observant, a\ngeneration of my parents. I don't want my parents-- the whole generation was\nlost. People who were born after 1917, after the Revolution, the Great October\nSocialist Revolution, they were bound to become--the basically, be raised as\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"atheists, because it was suppressed by the government. It wasn't so much\nsuppressed for being anti-communist, or anti-state. It was, a lot of times,\nridiculed--ridiculed to the point when people did not want to associate, they\ndidn't want to have anything to do with it. I mean if you are in the class,\nlet's say, in a school and all of your peers and friends will ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ridicule you and\nyour teacher will ridicule you and say that it is a shame and plain stupid and\nkind of going backwards in time. Forward meant to be a promoter of Communism, to\nbe a Young Pioneer and Komsomol which was a young Communist Party and stuff.\nThen who would like ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to do it? It was on the level of society. Inside the house,\nparents didn't press for it because they knew how much hardship it would bring\nto their children at school, and their children would be eventually between the\nrock and a hard place. If you try to instill something [in your children] and\nyou tell them don't mention it at school, you are basically instilling a double\nstandard in them, which is not good for anybody, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"especially a young person. So,\nyou have to lie. At home you say: \"Oh yeah, I believe in this,\" And you go to\nschool and you say quite opposite and act accordingly. Besides, I just mentioned\nthe most innocuous and mild of the effects on your life. More serious things\nwere also in play. If you did not succumb ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to that mild pressure and you\npersisted, and you try to--there were people--I mean literally not evens tens of\nthose in town like that, maybe one or two who tried, and they had at their\ndisposal quite a few different tools to pressure you. You could be--as far as\nthe parents were concerned, they could be, like at work, summoned to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"board\nof directors or manager or whoever, summoned and talked to, threatened to be\nfired. You could experience difficulties in school, as far as a child, if you\nare a child, difficulties at school of entering Young Communist Party and that\nwould set you aside almost like a traitor, you would be apart from everybody,\nand everybody would know you. Russia is and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was not a very tolerant society. If\nyou are different here [in the US], it's kind of your story. If you are\ndifferent there, people would hate you, they would think that you think of\nyourself as superior, better, different. Different is not good, was not good and\nis not good in Russia. It's a part of the Russian mentality. So, being different\nwas a hardship. And so on. They could basically ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fire you under a different\npretext, or point blank tell you this is the reason. They could fire you from a\njob. They would not expel you from school--no. Children they would not, but they\nwould make them as uncomfortable as they could and parents could have problems,\neventually, if they persisted. No one went completely to trial [to fight against\nthese injustices] because it was pretty much suicidal, why would you do it? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What\nare you standing for? It's like fighting windmills, when nobody is observing.\nThere were no synagogues, at that time. Odessa had 140 synagogues--before the\nRevolution--140. When I was growing up there was 1 that caught on fire\naccidentally on purpose maybe three times, during my youth so, even if you\nwanted to go to a synagogue there was no possibility.\n\nRACHEL: So, you never went to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"synagogue?\n\nVLADIMIR: No, I never went to a Synagogue.\n\nRACHEL: Was too risky?\n\nVLADIMIR: As I mentioned, there was only one synagogue, there was no services--\nI assume there were services on Saturdays. My mother didn't go, so how could I\ngo? It was far, it was far away, on the opposite part of town, it was very, very far.\n\nRACHEL: Do you remember the name of it?\n\nVLADIMIR: There was no name, it was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Odessa synagogue. We have names here [in the\nUS] to distinguish between a hundred synagogues. There, it was only one.\n\nRACHEL: Only one. Could you describe what your family--\n\nVLADIMIR: My mother visited, pardon me, visited the synagogue once a year when\nshe had to get matzos for Passover because my grandmother was still alive. My\ngrandfather on my mother's side passed away in [19]63--I believe, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"62 or 1963. My\ngrandmother passed away in [19]85 and was still observant. She prayed in her\nhouse and kept kosher she never gave up anything. But it was like an island\nwithin the family: we knew that we could not enter her room with a ham sandwich\nduring Passover. You could not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"enter with bread, and since you could not buy\nmatzah in the store; the only way to get matzah in the Soviet Union was to buy\nflour and exchange it. It was fixed amount, you could not get more than six\nkilo, or 5 kilo, I don't know, so my mother would go buy flour, bring it to\nsynagogue and exchange it for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"matzah and bring it home. That matzah tasted so good.\n\nRACHEL: What else did your family do for Passover?\n\nVLADIMIR: My grandmother, she was pretty much--My grandmother Bruha Kotlyar was\na great lady, and she did everything by the book. My mother would buy ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"her a live\nchicken, a live chicken, I mean real, and in our apartment, on the second floor,\nbringing chickens. It was my first experience with a live animal. She would put\nin on a string around the stove and she would be clucking there for maybe a week\nor so, and then my grandmother, I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"remember, she would take this chicken, and she\nwas praying, circling the chicken around her head and then my mother would take\nthis chicken to the shochet and he would finish her in a kosher way, the\nchicken, and then they pluck the bird, and my grandmother would salt it and\nprepare a kosher chicken meal, kosher bullion or chicken soup, and she had\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"noodles and also Russian borscht, but the Jewish way, you know, kosher way,\npreparing meals. All the Passovers that I knew it was a matzah and I loved it,\nand it was always locked in a cupboard and I would had a few raids before the\nPassover and my mother would try to keep me out, you know, fend me off of it\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because she needed that matzah for Passover itself. To me the best treat was to\nread a book and eat matzah. It did not matter whether it was Passover or it was\nNew Year, as far as I could get my hands on matzah. It was good.\n\nRACHEL: So, your grandmother lived with you the whole time you were growing up?\n\nVLADIMIR: Yep\n\nRACHEL: So, was the shochet allowed, I mean is that how she got kosher meat the\nrest of the time, or what were the rules regarding--?\n\nVLADIMIR: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shochet, in the town of a million, maybe two million in Odessa, there\nwas one shochet and he performed it at his own peril in his own house. Jews\nwould come, like private citizens, and knock on the door. He would let them in,\nhush, hush, close the door and he would prepare the animal, and people ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would\nexit the apartment and that's it. There was no official butcher shop or anything\nlike that. It was all--not clandestine, but it was unofficial, to say the least.\nAuthorities could probably shut it down completely, but there was no point it\nwas practically nonexistent, the whole thing. So, Judaism wasn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"around, I mean,\nit was remnants of Judaism. It was shameful, I mean, in all fairness it was not\nall about Judaism, the same one could say about Christianity. Churches were\ndemolished by Stalin. We had, of course, more churches in town than synagogues.\nOne synagogue and maybe ten churches, but you could come into a church as well\nas a synagogue ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there would be nobody there. On any given day, you would\ncome, just empty building, beautiful architecture, marbled stained glass, and\nwrought iron--nobody there. Only the old, old people. Basically, they kept it\nopen for old--they considered them odd [people] unable to change for the\nprogressive times, so they let them ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"basically go there. But you would never see\na young person there. I mean, to be married by a rabbi or a priest was unheard,\nnobody would consider it. Now it is different of course.\n\nRACHEL: So, growing up, were most of your friends Jewish?\n\nVLADIMIR: No. Jews in Russia amounted ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to one percent, and they were spread,\npretty much evenly, at least, around the European part of Russia. Odessa was a\ndifferent story. Odessa was traditionally called international city due to the\nlocation on the Black Sea. And the history of the town, it was open and\npopulated by Turks, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gypsies, Ukrainians, Jews, Russians, Greeks and names of the\nstreets in town reflected it. They have, you know, a Greek street and a Turkish\nstreet, they called them [unintelligible]. It was a very picturesque city-- Big\nJewish population, proportionally big Jewish. If you know, the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"biggest [Jewish]\ncommunity in the United States in New York City on Brighton Beach the heart of\nthat community is from Odessa. They even have restaurants there like Little\nOdessa, stores...even in Atlanta we have a little Odessa. So, the heart of the\ncommunity there is from Odessa. Odessa contributed to the immigration to the\nUnited States, in huge ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"numbers. So-- my friends were, in a class of 30, except\nfor me there was maybe one or two more Jewish kids and it was a lot because if\none percent, you had a random chance that no one would be Jewish, or there could\nbe one person-- we had two or three ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kids. Of course, anti-Semitism was rampant.\nIt was part of life. It wasn't something unusual, it was something we grew up\nwith, and your close friends would be more tolerant, on a personal basis they\ncould care less, but there were--and some other kids would keep it to\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"themselves-- but there was always several kids that you know--what they think\nand how they feel about you.\n\nRACHEL: Could you give a couple of examples of anti-Semitism that you remember\nfrom growing up?\n\nVLADIMIR: There were so many--on which level? Like on a kids level, in school,\nthey had songs, you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know, or some second-hand artist would record songs about\nJews--Jews like butter for example. Jews can't live without butter, and it would\nmake fun of Jews, you would go to a kid's party, a nice party, they would invite\nyou to a party, and they would forget all about, you know--and they would just\nput this funny song about Jews. Even if they realized you were Jewish, they had\nno idea that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you may feel uncomfortable. And that was a case of anti-Semitism of\na friend. And there were kids-- I would get into fights every now and then, and\nI had a neighbor next door, we had a quarrel or something, like kids--we\ncouldn't share a ball ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or something when we played, and he would go on a rampage,\nbasically, calling me names and of course, [unintelligible] which in Russian\nmeans a derogatory name, that would correspond to--Jew, what is the name in\nUnited States, like kike? And it was--they had proverbs [recites a proverb in\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russian] which means basically there was no water. In Odessa water would\nsometimes disappear in the middle of the day sometimes, and it was not unusual.\nIf there was no water, it means the Jews drank all the water, or they would say\n[recites another proverb in Russian], so many little limericks, you know,\nderogatory limericks about Jews. So--back to the neighbor, he called me a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"name,\nand I didn't know any better, I just went, I took something heavy, I believe it\nwas the head of a hammer, and since he was bigger than me, I could not take him\non would unarmed, so I asked him to come out and I broke his head. And that was\na difficult thing, but it was one--there was a lot of times ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I got beaten up\nbadly, but it was a normal, I mean, it was part of the makeup of life for Jewish\nkids and I was a boy; for the girls I don't think it was quite the same. The\ngirls, of course, didn't fight, and it was different with the girls, maybe. On\nthe kids level, children just basically express what they heard in the family:\nJews are ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"greedy, they are richer, they are cunning, they try to get better at\nthe expense of the other Russians, etc. and all those negative stuff were\nbasically suppressed negative feelings. Communists pitted people against each\nother. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, not only Jews, Ukrainians and Russians hated each other a lot of\ntimes, and Russians made fun of, you know, other small nations, but the Jews\nwere of course, were, traditionally, a great escape for their anger, I mean\noutlet, for their anger. It was traditional, it was passed from generation to\ngeneration. It was promoted in czar time, and it did not stop after the\nrevolution. The ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fact that-- a lot of Americans believe that the fact was the\nrevolution was done and promoted by Jews in Russia. It was nothing to do, the\nrevolution, about anti-Semitism, or you know, any of that. The fact is, there\nwere a few Jews, like [Leon] Trotsky [names others but it is unintelligible],\nthere were a few Jews in that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"movement, the socialist or communist movement, and\na few primary Jews were the wheel of the revolution. Did not change anything,\nthey were out for themselves. The movement, the revolution, opened doors for\nJews to jump on their bandwagon, so to speak. They didn't do anything to change\nthings-- On paper, of course, it was like-- everybody was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"equal and stuff, but\nthey did not eradicate anti-Semitism. And the state-- there were times, when it\nwas not as rampant, and little bit, kind of, quieted down, like the 30s, simply\nbecause there was some other things to be concerned about--it was\nanti-communism, and [unintelligible] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people, they considered to be against the\nrevolution, remnants of the capitalism, so Jews were not on the agenda so much.\nBut in the 1950s, because of the Jewish doctors, it came back, and during\nBrezhnev's time, the stagnant anti-Semitism came back and stayed. So, on the\nkids' level it was always resolved in a fight, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was involved in quite a few\nof them, and I told you an example, there were quite a few others.\n\nRACHEL: As you got older, what did you study or train to be?\n\nVLADIMIR: I went to--Russia had a very good educational system. I studied to be\na musician. So, I went to two schools, public school and music ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"school. It was\ntwo parallel institutions. Music school was quite comprehensive. In the United\nStates, people probably could not afford, and can not afford, because, aside of\nstudying my instrument, which was violin, I studied also orchestra, music\ntheory, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"piano--that's about it. So, it was like 5 subjects. If you wanted to do\nit now, if I wanted to do it with my child, for example, here in the United\nStates, I would have to pay approximately fifty bucks an hour for each of those\nsubjects, which would amount to an enormous amount of money, and nobody does it.\nSo, it was a little bit different than in the United States. It was very\ncomprehensive education from day 1, in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russia.\n\nRACHEL: So, music school was a part of the regular curriculum?\n\nVLADIMIR: No. Music school was optional. It was-- you had to pay, but the pay\nwas nominal, very, very small especially for my mother because she was divorced\nat that time, and the pay was, I remember, it was like fourteen rubles, which\neven by those standards was ridiculously small amount, for school. So, it was\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"optional, music school was optional, but the public school was compulsory, like\npretty much here, even more compulsory. You have to go to public school. You\ndidn't have to go to any sports school, or music school, that was your choice.\nAnd my mother wanted me to be a musician, and my brother. Back to anti-Semitism,\nI said as far as kids are concerned, anti-Semitism, of course, on the adult\nlevel and, I believe you will come back to it later ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on, it showed differently.\nMy mother's friend, for example, for no reason, she was walking down the street,\nsomebody pushed her and she fell right in the middle of the street, you know,\nall of a sudden. If public transportation was crowded--I'm sorry, and when she\nfell, they told her--it was at the peak of anti-Semitism, told her, \"Get out of\nhere and go to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"your Israel.\" And if you are in the crowded situation in the bus,\nthat was 90 percent of the time, public transportation was overcrowded and if\nsomebody pushed you or something and then you turn around and they see that you\nare Jew they would say, \"Oh if you don't like it, just get out of here\". Would\ntell you to get out of there and go ride a taxi which was inaccessible and too\nexpensive or: \"Go to Israel\". And the Israel thing, it was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like cursing out,\nbasically. At any given moment: \"If you did not like something--go to Israel\".\nIf you are standing in line buying something, they would cheat, they cheated\nalways, they would cheat you out of weight. You know, if you ask for one kilo of\nsomething, they would always give you, everybody try to watch it, but it was\nalways 950 grams, 50 grams less than a kilo. That is how they made their ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"living,\nthose workers, and if you tell them and they would say: \"Oh, you don't like it,\ngo to Israel\". It was always a slap in the face, So, it was domestic\nanti-Semitism that was pervasive, it permeated the whole society and the whole\nlife. There were splashes of really outrageous anti-Semitism when people were\nfired from work or not hired--we'll touch ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it later maybe, but that domestic,\nkind of stagnating, always there. Anti-Semitism, it was the makeup of life,\nbasically the backdrop of your life so at times you don't even notice it. But\nyou always felt it, you were always uncomfortable in public places. You knew\nthat you don't belong to the crowd, you knew that you were resented because of\nthat and even if you had lots of friends among the Russians, that those ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were\nmost like an--exclusion of the rule.\n\nRACHEL: You also felt daily institutional anti-Semitism?\n\nVLADIMIR: Oh, institutional? Of course! They would not hire Jews for some jobs,\njobs that had to have clearance, clearance, like in the United States, like ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KGB\nclearance. I mean, jobs where people would go abroad, would be sent abroad, you\nknow, diplomatic jobs, some other, you know, other lucrative positions. Except\nfor those cases when Jews were absolutely indispensable, you know, sometimes, it\ncould be in the aviation, it could be anywhere--Jews were there. I mean, there\nwere bright Jews, they could ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not get rid of, or could not make the projects\nwithout [Jews], especially in science. They were unproportionally represented,\nJews in science and physics and stuff. But in most of the places, if you were a\nJew already at work in some big ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"factory, you felt almost like privileged that\nthey let you in and you don't rock the boat. And if they don't hire you--at a\njob interview, they won't even tell you, or sometimes they would. In my case,\nthey told me point blank. After I graduated from the Conservatory, that was in\nSt Petersburg, I tried to get a job with the local musical theater. So, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I came\nin, played for them an audition. Listen, they didn't tell me no. I mean, not to\nplay, I played and then I had the interview with the manager. He told me, \"You\nplayed fine, we don't have a problem with that, but you are Jewish.\" And, though\nI knew that there was anti-Semitism, it was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my first time when I officially\nencountered it. So, I said, \"I can't believe that you are saying point blank.\"\nThey told me, \"Yeah, because we are going abroad, we go to Czechoslovakia,\nPoland, Bulgaria, and we can't take you. You, I mean, you would defect-- we\ndon't hire Jews.\"\n\nRACHEL: So, the fear was that if a Jew went abroad that they would want to stay abroad?\n\nVLADIMIR: Well, at that time anybody could ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stay. Like [Mikhail] Baryshnikov, for\nexample, he was not Jewish, but he defected, and so many others, you know. They\nhad this problem constantly, but that was only a part of it. Of course, they\ncould hire you and not take you on the trip, because there was always a surplus\nof musicians, and some would go on the trips and some not. But that was the case\nin most orchestras. In ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russia, they played politics. But at that particular time\nwhen I was interviewed for that particular theater it was in 1982 or 83, they\ntold me point blank, \"No, we don't take Jews.\" I was furious. I mean --it was\none more impetus, so ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to speak, for immigrating.\n\nRACHEL: When did you first think of immigrating?\n\nVLADIMIR: Well, I always wanted, and our family came close twice, even before I\nwas married. We came close but never quite--my mother--To immigrate was a very\ngrueling process. I mean, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stressful, grueling, dangerous, not so much dangerous,\nbut extremely taxing on everything. You could lose your job before they let you\nimmigrate and there was no guarantee that they will let you. But you could lose\nyour job in the process then basically, pardon my French, screw up all your life\nto the point where you can't get back on your feet. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, my mom on her own never\ngot over this decision. We considered it. And then when I was on my own, married\nand had a son named Benjamin, it was approximately 1980's, like early1980's that\nI ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"decided. And discrimination and anti-Semitism was only one part of it. With\nthat comes hardship, economical stuff. But there were several obstacles in our\nway. The first and serious that ruled it out completely because my wife, she\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wasn't Jewish, she still is not, and her father was a prominent--was in the\nmanagement, he was the third most person at a military plant. It was still the\nCold War. I mean, if his daughter immigrated--on the Jewish passport, so to\nspeak, it was always a passage from Israel that you use to immigrate. At that\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time, you could not directly immigrate to the States, you know that, right? It\nwas a \"family reunion\" always. So, you go to Israel--we will talk about it\nlater. So, we talked with him, and he let me know that it would draw in several,\nseveral lives. Not only his career, but everyone who depended on him in that\ntown in Siberia, it was [name of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"town in Russian]. A lot of people depended on\nhim: his wife, his children, and the whole family because he\nwas--basically--like a rock, like an island in itself, in the city where you\ncould not survive without having a good government job. So, he supplied\nbasically on every ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"level. So, we were told, my wife Tatiana and I, we were\ntold--First off, you had to get permission from your parents. You cannot apply\nwithout getting permission from your parents. I mean, it doesn't matter that\nyou're an adult. You can be 60 years old, and your parents can be 80 years old,\nbut you have to get an agreement that you don't owe them anything, that they let\nyou, and in that case, we would never get ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"his agreement to begin with. But also,\nbecause he had clearance, and big time clearance--he was third in command of\nthat military plant. It meant that he would never--continue to be at that job,\nthey would lay him off.\n\nRACHEL: They would lay him off because his daughter immigrated?\n\nVLADIMIR: Yeah. So, we were basically hostages to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the situation. And finally, it\nended when he was ready to retire. In 1989 we realized our plan. I mean, I never\nwavered from the plan, it was just postponed indefinitely, you know, until we\ncould realize it. But, for a number of years we could not consider it. And our\nsituation was different. We did not depend on him because he was in Siberia, we\nwere in St. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Petersburg, so he couldn't help us, our lives. But monetary wise,\nfinancially, we were fine. But we were living in a very difficult situation. As\nyou probably know, in Russia a lot people live in communal apartments: one\nkitchen and one bathroom for several families. After the revolution, they took\nall these-- we lived in St. Petersburg, Leningrad at that time. It's a beautiful\ncity on the outside, inside those beautiful historic ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"buildings every big\napartment that belonged to one family before the revolution, was subdivided,\ntemporary walls were put up. And what was let's say a five-bedroom apartment\nbecame a five family apartment with each family living in one room so we lived\nin one room all three of us for ten years. And though I went on tour around the\ncountry and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had a good career.\n\nRACHEL: So, you were working as a musician at that time?\n\nVLADIMIR: Yes, yes, I was working in the state chamber orchestra. Great job, I\nloved my job. And I had a lot of outlets. I could get out for weeks at a time go\nto different cities and see different parts of Russia and enjoy it. But then you\nwould come home and there would be one room and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anti-Semitism would always be\nthere too. People, you know, your neighbors, because they put people against\neach other in such a situation there would inevitably be conflicts in the living\nquarters. And of course, in any given conflict they will try to remember that\nyou are a Jew. You don't have the same rights and all the trouble comes from the\nJews. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that was domestic anti-Semitism.\n\nRACHEL: How was that affected by the fact that your wife wasn't Jewish?\n\nVLADIMIR: Affected who? Me or her?\n\nRACHEL: The anti-Semitism, was it more or less? How was intermarriage viewed?\nWas it commonplace?\n\nVLADIMIR: You mean how was intermarriage viewed by other people? They did not\ncare. They ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"only cared that you were Jewish. And of course, they branded her at\ntimes for being Jewish even though it was obvious that she was not. I mean, she\nlooked like a Russian: fair, blonde and stuff like that. But in that department,\nshe was a very nice lady, very good girl, and she never succumbed to the\npressure or anything. No, she ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did not care. She grew up in a part of Russia\nwhere there were a small number of Jews, if any. She never even heard of the\nJews to begin with before she met me. Maybe, somewhere--but she never met one,\nso she didn't know anything about it. Actually, later on she learned, but it was\nprobably too late. But she didn't care, she was pretty happy at the time, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in\nany case it was not the nicest people that would express themselves in that way.\nSo, it always worked the other way around. When she met somebody who was an\nanti-Semite she probably hated them as much as I did, as people, whether they\nwere anti-Semites or not. So, living quarters were very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"difficult, as it\nwere--small. The life was stifling, basically, for three people. Many times, we\nhad an extra room, because there was a vacant room and we took it over, but that\nwas unofficial and not a permanent situation. In any ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"case, we had to immigrate,\nnot only because of the economic situation, but because I did not want my son to\ngrow up in a society with double standards: say something in public and then\nquite the opposite at home. Basically lying. When we grew up, we did not notice\nthat it was a part of everybody's life. You know, the things you can say at\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"home, you can't say in public. Maybe-- I am sure you know the United States\nhistory, but something that very remotely resembling was during McCarthy era.\nYou knew that you could say that you are dissatisfied with the government, but\nyou could not voice it quite openly without risk of being accused of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"being a\n\"commie\". It was something like that, but of course, more serious, more\npermanent in Russia.\n\nRACHEL: You just mentioned McCarthyism. During the Cold war how was America\nviewed or what were you told about America?\n\nVLADIMIR: That's a good one, America. Always, as I just mentioned, double\nstandard ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was--that's a good example of double standard. We all knew that life\nabroad was better. The people were freer, in the free society, in the West, in\nthe United States in particular. The economic situation is much better. You\nknow, you realize their dream of having a house for the family: two cars in the\ngarage and two chickens in every ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pot. Everybody knew it, but you could not say\nwhat you think about it in public. No--no. The official line was the United\nStates was one of the worst countries in the world, people are oppressed, people\nare dying on the streets from hunger, you know, homeless. And every time--it was\na part of the brain washing machine, every time, on TVs, they would ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"show\nAmerica, I mean, the United States, it was a backdrop, very depressing, black\nand white--well, most of TVs were black and white, but it was like, a dark\nbackground, with something very hostile, urban, very far from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"our perception of,\nyou know, a nice environment. It could be the slums of Bronx and Harlem and they\nwould always find homeless. I mean, it's not too difficult. If you go to\ndowntown Atlanta you can always find homeless. They would find the homeless and,\nyou know, during Christmas time, which is our New Years' time, they would always\nshow kids dancing in kindergartens and say: \"Everything is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"great. Look at our\ncountry, the greatest country\". But then they would show, as a contrast,\nhomeless people, people who were dissatisfied with the United States government,\nand were always eager, especially for a certain compensation, they were eager to\nbe interviewed and tell whatever the person in government would like them tell.\nSo, they always had news. If something did not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"work--whether it's in space or on\nsome low technological level they would always show it. Things like flood, that\nhad nothing to do with the political system--flooding, fires or an explosion. It\nwas always there, guaranteed. So, United States was always shown as a dangerous\ncountry, very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hostile to people--completely divided by class and income lines.\nYou know, the Stinking Rich and the desperate and destitute rest of the folks,\nand you don't want to even think about living in those areas. And then there\nwould be people that came from the United States, and they would say this is bogus.\n\nRACHEL: And that is how you would get your information? From the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people who came\nfrom the United States?\n\nVLADIMIR: Yes, that's right. The same people who would come from the United\nStates-- that's a double standard again--they would gather with their families,\nthe party--they would bring gifts and stuff and they would tell you everything\nabout the United States. Everything they would mention would be great on the\npersonal level. And the next day they have to make a report, an official report,\nat the meeting of the workers at the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"factory. And they were given a point, you\nhave to make a point about how bad everything is, and how destitute and\ndesperate all the people are and how huge the divide between rich and poor is.\nAnd, of course, those, the same people would go and talk for an hour about\nabsolutely horrendous, I mean, awful country the United States. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then they\nwould go home and they would drink their whiskey that they brought back and they\nwould give the gifts and they would be first in line to go back if they could.\n\nRACHEL: Why would the people be allowed to visit the United States? Would it be\nhard to travel there?\n\nVLADIMIR: You have some government workers. You know, like Russian Embassy that\nemployed lots of people. You would have exchanges, certain exchange, it certain\nlevels, like if you remember the Apollo ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Soyuz Project. I'm just giving the big\nexamples. But there would also be a lot of sailors, diplomats, some doctors,\nsome exchange was always present at a certain level. It wasn't like North Korea\nand the United States--it was minimal, but it was always there. The countries\nwere hostile. The diplomatic relations continued, and to a certain extent, the\nflow of people. I mean, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those were two huge countries, we are. I mean, the\nUnited States and Russia, so the amount of people was relatively large. Also, a\nsmall amount were people who had relatives and if you already had relatives in\nthe United States during Brezhnev's times you most likely, after much hassle,\nyou would get permission to go and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"visit them. Most of those, they called it\nnomenclature, or nomenclatura, were party members. They lived good lives. They\nwent all over the world. Party members and their families, they could travel to\nthe United States, anywhere in the world, for themselves, there was no\nrestriction. So, they would come back, and on a personal level of course--We had\na family ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"friend who was a --at any factory, or any vessel, the first person was\nthe captain, the second was a party member, who'd watch over the captain. In\ncertain regards, he was the most important person on the ship, or in the\nfactory, because, when push comes to shove, the Higher Ups would listen to the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"communist first. On the vessel, it was called pompolit, the second person in\ncharge of the political and ideological state of affairs on that vessel. So, we\nknew one. He would go always around the world, on the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"vessel, which was a\ncontainer ship. And there was a crew of about fifty to one hundred people on\nthat ship and he was in charge, telling them where to go and which cities to\navoid. They could not go ashore by one person, always two or three, to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"watch for\neach other. So, he would come home with tons of gifts and we always heard these\ngreat stories. But then again, when it came time to give speeches, in different\ngroups of people as somebody that visited the United States, he would hundred\npercent bad stuff--bad, bad, bad--everything is bad. So, the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"happy double\nstandard always present in Russia. So, Anti-Semitism in Odessa was rampant. In\nmy opinion, the Ukrainians were more anti-Semitic than the Russians. Maybe\nbecause all the shtetels were in the Ukraine, and all the pogroms were in\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Moldova in the Ukraine and southern part of Russia. You never hear about pogroms\nin Siberia or in the northern part of Russia, it all happened in Ukraine. And,\nof course, Ukraine was a part of big Russia czar's Russia. It was a province,\nbig province, big land. It was an independent country or even a republic, I\nsuppose, under the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"soviets. In fact, Ukraine was called Malorossia, which means\nSmall Russia. So, there was Russia, Belorussia, which later became a republic,\nand Ukraine was Malorossia, small Russia. Anti-Semitism in Odessa reached the\npoint in the seventies, the height, during Soviet. Short of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pogroms, there were\nincidents of beating people up, inflicting personal injuries, jailing people for\nsmall reasons. At the state level, not hiring people for any prominent, not\nprominent, I'm sorry, let me rephrase--any decent job. If you had a job and were\nholding that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"job, they probably would not fire you as long as you did not rock\nthe boat and stayed true to your management. But if you lost your job and wanted\nto find a new job, it would be extremely difficult. As far as entering any\npublic institution like a university or college, the chances for a Jewish\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"person, to get into a polytechnical college, conservatory or some others, would\nbe very minimal if not nonexistent. For example, the conservatory, it was pretty\nwidespread and common knowledge, Odessa conservatory, which was good\nconservatory would not let ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"any Jews in. So if you wanted to continue your higher\neducation, you go somewhere else. There was a point at which the Moscow\nconservatory, or St. Petersburg conservatory would take Jews, most likely to\ntake Jews, if you were really talented and could prove it, because it, not like\nhere where you pay and you study, you are enrolled. No, to get enrolled, you\nneed to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"play an entrance exam; it was a very hard series of exams one of which\nwas your main instrument, and you had to play a recital. And you can play a\nrecital, and you can be the best and at then it came to the point when they\nwould unabashedly tell you that you played beautifully, and you beat everybody\nelse, but we are sorry, but we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"don't take Jews.\n\nRACHEL: So where did you go to the conservatory?\n\nVLADIMIR: A lot of lives were ruined over this. I graduated from St. Petersburg,\nbut I lived for a couple of years in the Far East, so I started in Vladivostok,\nit's in the Far East and then transferred ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to St. Petersburg conservatory and\ngraduated from there. It was impossible, I mean it was possible, nobody would\nprevent you from playing and trying, but they would just tell you point bank\nthat you are wasting your time-- Not only time, since, especially in my case,\nthe boys were drafted into the army. And if you don't get into an institution,\nthat would give you a postponement while you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"study. So, it was a gamble and a\nbad gamble, because you know that you are not going to get in and on top of it,\nthey will pick you up and you will go to serve in the army. Which they will\nnever accommodate you into the musical ensemble. Chances are you will go and by\nthe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time you come out of the army, you won't even remember how to play, and it\nwill basically ruin your career as a musician. So, Odessa was taboo for any Jew\ntrying to continue their higher education in the seventies. We asked one of the\nguys, Greenberg, he ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a viola professor at university. I have a friend, who is\nnow in Los Angeles. He plays for the Los Angeles Philharmonic. He was told not\nto try Odessa; he tried four times and failed. He was not eligible for the army\nfor medical reasons. He failed four times. The fifth time, he made it into\nMoscow conservatory, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Moscow conservatory is much higher level, so it was\nobviously nothing else but anti-Semitism was preventing him from continuing. But\nat some point, he asked his--he took private lessons with a professor, yet he\ncould not help him. He said he [the professor] did not want to lose his\nlivelihood. It was not his livelihood but part of it, so he gave him private\nlessons, charged him and all that, and at the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"end my friend asked him: \"You are\na Jew and you are working in the conservatory. How did you get in\"? So, the\nProfessor smiled at him and said, \"I happened to get here much earlier, at a\ndifferent time.\" So, that was on the government level, that is how it worked:\nthey would not hire you or let you into an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"institution, so if you wanted to\nprogress and to excel in what you are doing, your choices are very limited. You\ncould either leave this town and go to a place where anti-Semitism was less\nrampant, or just to change, change your trade sometimes, or to immigrate, which\na lot of people did, to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Land of Opportunity.\n\nRACHEL: How did Communism affect what music you were allowed to play?\n\nVLADIMIR: We are going into specifics now, but it's a funny situation, any\ncomposer who had immigrated from Russia, at any point, like Stravinsky, like\nRachmaninov, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or any musician like Chaliapin later on, Rostropovich, any of those\nmusicians were basically condemned by the period they were not in Russia. The\nbasic premise was, that you could not be--it was a maxim, very famous maxim in\nRussia, you cannot be a great composer or a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"great whoever you are, if you are\nnot a great citizen, if you are not a patriot, it's just impossible. It's the\nlaw; it's like the Law of physics, the Newton Law. You can argue with it, but\nyou can't change it. It's the truth, it's final truth. And of course, they would\ntry to prove it. Rachmaninov didn't write anything good, we did not study that\nperiod, only to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the point where he immigrated, before that point everything was\ngood, everything was great. The First Piano Concerto, the Second Concerto--I'm\nnot sure of the Third was written in the United States or in Russia, I don't\nknow chronologically, but anything he wrote in the United States was not worth\nthe effort of studying. The same with, while Stravinsky was a student of Rimsky\nKorsakov in Russia, everything was good, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"most of the time. Like Firebird and\nstuff, we did not study. In fact, most of Stravinsky, we touched very briefly\nbecause most of his career was spent abroad, so no--It was slow stagnation kind\nof sinking into the swamp of depression, nothing good about it, nothing good.\nThe same with Chaliapin, we did not know anything after he had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"immigrated, and\nof course my time was Rostropovich, and I can tell you a pretty good story.\nRostropovich was the best cello player arguably in the world at that time, and\nafter he immigrated, they forced him basically to immigrate because he was\nsupporting Solzhenitsyn, he was friends with Alexander Solzhenitsyn, and\nSolzhenitsyn was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sworn enemy of the State. He was basically the baddest\nperson. Rostropovich provided him with shelter in his dacha, with his close\nfriend. They didn't like it at all. And they basically restricted him in his\ntours around the world and made lots of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"obstacles for him. You can learn it from\nRostropovich accounts, not from me. Anyway, I was in Vladivostok at that time,\nand all of a sudden-- The word of his immigration didn't spread immediately, but\nwhat happened, I went to the store and wanted to buy one of his LPs, and the\nlady says: \"Oh, let me see\", and I could not find it. And usually, any given\ntime when you go into the store at that time you could find ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ten or fifteen of\nhis recordings: it was like a staple of the cello performances, I mean,\neverybody would study off his LPs. Nothing to be found, no recordings, that was\nvery strange. So, I went to another store, bigger, and there was nothing and the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lady over there was very ignorant. She said that she had never heard of the guy.\nSo, I thought to myself, of course, you have heard of him. The recording were\nalways there on the shelves. So, then I went back to the conservatory, then I\nlearned that he had immigrated. From that point on everything was cleared, he\nwas nonexistent. And, on the next--Once a week, we had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"political information\nclass where a hundred people would gather in one huge room, and our party member\nand teacher of party history. He was in charge of that, it was like a class.\nThey would give you all the updates on the political situation and put in your\nhead what you are supposed to think about this political process or that\npolitical process and what develops in the world, and stuff. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, we would ask\nabout Rostropovich, and he told us that he had immigrated, therefore, he can't\nbe the greatest musician, he probably is not. Therefore, his LPs had no value,\nso they were taken off the shelves. That was the only time I met face to face\nwith the Soviet system. There was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one hundred people, and I was the one--we had\na bet with friends that I would say something about it. And I was so ticked off\nby that, because we were almost professionals at that time. We were already\ngraduated from the you know--the system in Russia was different before--five\nyears of conservatory, before\n\nconservatory you had four years of college. So, it was seven years in school,\nfour years of college, and five years of conservatory before go into ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"doctorate,\nif you decided. So, when you complete four years of college, you are already a\nprofessional, you are given a diploma. It's like a Bachelor's degree. You are\nstill a student but at the same time. You are as professional as some of those\nteachers, but on a slightly lower level, at that time. So, especially he is not\na musical professor, per se, he is a political guy, so to speak, or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"god. So, I\ndecided ok, I decided to take him on. So I got up and said: \"Yuri Sergei\", which\nwas his name, \"With all due respect. Most of us are certified professionals\nhere, and as mush as I respect your opinion on matters like politics and party\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"history, wouldn't you give credit to us as musicians to be judges in such\nmatters? I mean, who is great performer or conductor, or teacher? Besides, he\nwas great all these years, all, you know throughout the years, 20 years he was\none of the greatest, so how could, all of a sudden, how could he become\novernight useless, not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"valued, not of any help to those studying the trade and\nbe condemned?\". I said: \"Also, the entire world is looking up to him as the best\ncello player, and I don't think that you should tell musicians how they are\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"supposed to be viewing it. We would be the judges.\" He did not like it at all,\nnot at all. He was a little bit rebuffed. He didn't have anything to say;\neverybody was jeering and sneering, and so I sat down. Little did I know, I\nwould have to pay a price. That summer, I would have to pass an exam, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"party\nhistory, and go back to Odessa for enjoyment. I mean, forget about studying for\ntwo or three months, rest and, you know, like you came from Maryland to Atlanta,\nso I was preparing. I did not pass that exam. It was postponed. I had to take it\nagain and then again. I took it three times. It ruined my summer; I had to stay\nby ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"myself in the dorms and now I understand that I was a pretty lucky guy, he\ndid not view me as an enemy. He saw me as a disobedient child. He considered it\na childish escapade and he wasn't pursuing to kick me out of the conservatory,\nwhich he could have done. He decided to give me a lesson, a good ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lesson. Another\nfriend of mine who allowed himself a practical joke, they-- Every autumn the\nstudents would have to go for one month to help the agricultural workers to\nharvest whatever they needed to harvest because the economy was in shamble and\nthey never had enough hands. So, all the students, in all of Russia, would go\nfor one month. It could be potatoes, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cucumbers, tomatoes, whatever. You go into\nthe fields. You stay in the barracks, and you work for one month and come back.\nIf you don't do it, they will kick you out. They will expel you from the\ninstitution. My friend was one of the most talented piano players at the\nconservatory, and there was another party lady in the conservatory; she taught\nat a different level. That guy whom I mentioned, Yuri Sergei, he ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was teaching\nhistory of communist party but there was a scientific communism [class], and\nthat was one of the final exams you had to take before graduating. If you don't\npass it, you don't graduate. And that would be the really final, the last one.\nYou could pass all your piano player or whatever, your instrument, you could\npass all the exams, chamber music and everything, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but if you don't pass that\none... So, they always held you on a short leash so to speak, by that threat,\ntill the very, very last time, so that you cannot allow yourself any freedom\nbecause you know that they have leverage. So, that autumn they were in the\nvillage. The whole group was going to work, I mean, in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"field. Unpaved roads,\nyou know, walking, young people twenty-two, twenty-one or years old. And they\nsee a puddle, and, in the puddle, they see a pig, sitting in the puddle. So,\nretracking back a little bit, the party member, her name was Emma Vladimirovna,\nand she was disliked by all the students. She ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"didn't have a life. Basically her\nwhole life revolved around that subject. Everybody, of course, always hated that\nsubject. Scientific communism was always the most boring, uninteresting, most\ndifficult to learn. It was always up to them, up to the administration and the\nteacher of that subject, to let you through to let you pass or not, because no\none could really ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=4830.0,4860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"learn it. It was a book like this [gesturing] of absolutely\nhorrendous boring stuff, and to learn it you needed to forget everything. You\nneeded to forget about playing your instrument, you need to really study the\nwhole year, just this, because it was like a bible, and yet, it was questionable\nif you would memorize it. So, it was basically up to them. They knew it; they\nused it as a floodgate to close or to open, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that lady, Emma Vladimirovna,\nshe was a teacher, and they did not like her at all. And that kid, Yuri, I mean\ntwenty-two year old young man, as they were walking, he sees the pig in the\npuddle of water. He comes to her, to the pig, and talks to her: \"Emma\nVladimirovna, get up, please\". Well, everybody broke into laughter, it was a\nriot. Everybody had a great time and jokes ensued, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it was a good time. Sure\nenough, somebody passed it to her, there is one person, always--passed it to\nher. He never graduated from the conservatory. She killed him on that exam. He\nwas-- talked about as one of the most gifted piano players. His career was\nthought to be skyrocketing and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stuff, really brilliant piano player, very\ntalented. She killed him on that exam. Basically, he didn't pass, and there was\nno recourse. He could not take it again; it was a final exam. He wound up\ndrinking and the last time we heard of him, he was playing somewhere in a\nrestaurant, in a provincial city, so basically his life was ruined over that. My\ncase was much more cheerful. That guy, in my case, just ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"decided to give me a\nlesson. But it was hard enough for me to understand, and it was a close call,\nyou either open your mouth and speak the truth when unsolicited, or you shut up\nif you want to graduate, if you want to learn what you want to learn. It was a\ngood lesson, one of them.\n\nRACHEL: And that was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=4980.0,5010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before you moved to St. Petersburg?\n\nVLADIMIR: Right, right. I graduated from St Petersburg.\n\nRACHEL: Can you go back to the time before when you had a chance to immigrate,\nbut you were denied the opportunity because your father-in-law?\n\nVLADIMIR: Finally, when my father-in-law was getting ready to retire, we figured\nwe could now ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pursue what we wanted. It was a difficult decision especially for\nmy wife because she is ethnic Russian. All her roots are in Russia and on one\nhand she wanted to immigrate, of course everybody wants to immigrate, and she\ncouldn't without having a Jewish-- of course because there was only opportunity\nto leave Russia was given to the Jews on the premise that they would ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=5040.0,5070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reunite\nwith their folks their relatives in Israel. It was the one channel and then you\nwould detour Israel if you had decided and go to the United States. The United\nStates gates were open at that time-- It was 1989 and it was almost the end of\nthat ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"period in Russia, in Soviet Union, end of the Empire. It was Gorbachev he\nopened the flood gates as that famous piece in the Sorcerer's apprentice and did\nnot know how to close them. It wasn't his intention to dismantle the system, but\nin effect that's what he successfully accomplished. Because once you open it\nit's very difficult to go ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=5100.0,5130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"back and close those liberties that you once allowed,\nso the press were given certain liberties and, of course, with the press,\nseveral other institutions. The grip of the KGB was, a little bit, lifted off\nthe society. Immigration became easier-- so we had an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"invitation to Israel, from\nmy relative-- he is actually playing the horn in the Tel Aviv symphony, in the\nIsrael symphony, and I persuaded Tatiana my wife and we decided to do it.\n\nRACHEL: Was it always your intention to immigrate to Israel or did you want to\ngo to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=5160.0,5190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"United States?\n\nVLADIMIR: No, my intention was always to come to the United States, because part\nof it was she wasn't Jewish and, for her, changing countries would be extremely\nstressful and difficult; much more if she had immigrated into a different\nculture and society that is very centered around religion. And job opportunities\nfor ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=5190.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"musicians in Israel at that time, and probably now too, was much more\ndifficult. A lot of musicians changed their occupation altogether so I am not\nsure she would be willing to immigrate to Israel, but the United States was an\noption for her. So, we embarked on the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=5220.0,5250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"project; it was expensive and grueling\nstill, although much easier than before. At that time you did not have to go\nthrough a public condemnation. Before, during Brezhnev's times you had to go\nthrough the meeting, general meeting, of the place where you worked whether it\nwas a school, factory, plant or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=5250.0,5280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whatever and all the workers would be gathered\nand they would all condemn you. I mean that's the official line. There would be\nseveral people taking part in condemning you, telling you what how ungrateful,\nbad of a person you are, scum of the earth because this country gave you\neverything, this country gave free education and you always owe everything to\nthe Soviet Union, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=5280.0,5310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"till your last breath. You are not earning your living. You\nare giving your living, you will always be giving everything so you are always\nin debt to the country and of course they would condemn you. They would\nnaturally expel you from the job, they would fire you, but before that, because\nyou have to get their signature it was a one of many permissions many different\nstipulations you have to be a part of that witch ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=5310.0,5340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hunt, you have to be a part of\nthat show. And there's no way you can skip it, so they tell you that you are\ncoming, you know, you are coming and being a target. So they put you on a\npedestal and falling short of spitting at you, everybody tells you that you are\na traitor and you are this and that. And then, of course there are many people\nwho sympathize and who would do the same, but they don't open their mouth and\ntell ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=5340.0,5370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you. So that was the custom before Gorbachev. I didn't have to go through\nthat stuff, but still there was a lot of signatures, a lot of bureaucracy really\nbig I mean immense and finally, you never know, you never know whether they will\npermit you or not. On top of everything, you will have to revoke your\ncitizenship. They strip you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=5370.0,5400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of your Soviet citizenship, but not just strip, you\nalso have to pay for it so you have to pay to be stripped off a huge amount.\nThey won't let you immigrate, at that time, they wouldn't, to immigrate with\nRussian citizenship as it was later my brother came with Russian citizenship and\nhe still got it, he's got, like, dual citizenship-- Not at that time. In order\nto immigrate, you need to renounce your Soviet ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=5400.0,5430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"citizenship and they would charge\nyou at that time if I am not mistaken seven hundred rubles per person which was\nan enormous amount of money considering an average salary was one hundred and\nfifty rubles. So, seven hundred is approximately five or six months of your\nearnings for every person including the child. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=5430.0,5460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nobody liked it. I mean, that was\na rip off. Certain amount of your possessions you could take with you, certain\nyou wouldn't because it was too expensive to carry or to send by mail and\ncertain amount they would not allow. They would not let you take any decent\ninstrument, musical instrument, you had to pass through a special agency,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=5460.0,5490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"commission. They would evaluate your instrument and if it presented any kind of\nvalue they would not allow you. If it is a relatively modern instrument, not old\nItalian or French, and it's not great instrument, they will make you pay full\namount, like you didn't buy it before. Pay again and then you can take it. So, a\nlot of people tried to beat the system, by ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=5490.0,5520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first, if you are a good, you know,\nif you were working for a good orchestra and you are going abroad, several of my\nmusician friends, they would take their instrument, leave it abroad, then they\nwould come back to Russia and start the immigration process, with the instrument\nsecurely in the country they were immigrating to. But I had a modern instrument,\nso I just had to pay for it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=5520.0,5550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"again. So it was relatively easy for us to\nimmigrate. It was one of the happiest moments, for anybody who wanted to\nimmigrate, in our case because Gorbachev allowed people to immigrate fairly\neasy. Unites States hadn't closed their gates, because it always worked this\nway. Either Russia would not allow you to immigrate, but United States was\nalways welcoming at that time. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=5550.0,5580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"During the Cold War and stuff, it was always\nopen. Later on, when Russia opened up the immigration process to anyone who\nwanted, United States put a brake on it so now it's very difficult to enter the\nUnited States, but it's much easier to leave Russia. So it's always kind of\nequalized, the stream of immigrants was being equalized, but I was at the time\nwhen it was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=5580.0,5610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kind of, the perfect balance. United States would still allow you to\ncome in. I mean as far as Jewish immigration goes and Russia would still let you\ngo fairly easy. Just pay and go through all those bureaucratic procedures and\nyou can leave so it was a simple process. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=5610.0,5640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We said goodbye to Mother Russia and\nset out in October of 1989. We left the country, bound for Vienna, one month in\nVienna under Sohnut, we spent, then one month, or a little bit less, in Italy\nwaiting for our American immigration authorities to clear ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=5640.0,5670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it, [unintelligible]\nwas sponsoring that camp, in November, early November, of 1989 we came to\nAtlanta. Amazingly, most amazingly for us, Russian immigrants if they did not\nhave a relative who would sponsor them were sponsored by Niana, a New York\nJewish Organization. A small ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=5670.0,5700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"amount of Jews were sponsored by different big\ncities like Chicago or Los Angeles. I never heard about Atlanta and no one in my\nimmediate surrounding did too, but we were sponsored by the Atlanta Jewish\nFederation. I did not know anything about it, but I did not mind, because for\nsome reason I did not want to immigrate to New York City. I knew ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=5700.0,5730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it had a\nvery large Russian community that would make it very difficult to break away and\nintegrate into society. People live there for ten or fifteen years without\nspeaking any English and they live basically in exile as opposed to making a new\nhome, making new friends, learning the language and trying to integrate. You\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=5730.0,5760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"never --fully integrate to the point where you feel at ease like in your own\ncountry where you were born, it's impossible, but maybe 95% if you have a\nspecial gauge that you can measure then it is possible. But the first few years\nwere stressful, extremely stressful, and we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=5760.0,5790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had several friends here who helped us.\n\nRACHEL: You already had friends in the U.S?\n\nVLADIMIR: No, we did not have anybody. As I told you, I had never heard about\nAtlanta. We met a few people and will tell you about it. There was a few bitter\npeople who did not get permission to come to the United States and were camped\nout in Italy and one of them claimed to know everything and anything about the\nUnited ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=5790.0,5820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"States and so we came to him and asked him what is Atlanta and he told me\nit was a horrible place. he was bitter about the United States so he rained on\neverybody's parade, so to speak, so he said it was a horrible place. It's like\none hundred and twenty degrees of heat of course in centigrade it was a\ndifferent number but one hundred and twenty degrees of heat in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=5820.0,5850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Fahrenheit. It\nwas a swamp, malaria and it was racially not a diverse city, because it was 99%\nblack. Well, we came here in November. It was beautiful weather. We were brought\nto Sandy Springs and none of those predictions held true, none of them were\nrealized. We were happy to see. It was a beautiful ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=5850.0,5880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time, a beautiful city. Not\nurban at all like we were accustomed to in Russia or what would be the case in\nChicago or New York when we were landing in the plane I couldn't see nothing.\nEspecially it was eighty nine and Atlanta so developed as it is now but even now\nif you fly over you see basically an endless green kind of forest speckled with\na few buildings here and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=5880.0,5910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there, you know, like Buckhead and downtown, but not\nmuch urban sprawl that you can see from above and when we landed it was the\nfriendliest environment you could imagine. I mean, birds, squirrels, we did not\nhave that kind of wildlife in the Russian urban surroundings. In Russian cities\nyou won't see a squirrel inside the city. You won't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=5910.0,5940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"see so many birds, different\nkinds, and possums and all kinds -- it's like at that time we thought wow, we\nare living in a resort, basically a resort, so it was a good time at the\nbeginning, it was a shock.\n\nRACHEL: So, what were your first sensations and thoughts when you arrived?\n\nVLADIMIR: In Atlanta? So we were brought to Sandy Springs, Willow Walk. It's\ndifferent, I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=5940.0,5970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"forgot what it's called now, but it's right inside 285. Casey\nCrossing, I don't know if you came across the guy, I believe he converted to\nJudaism recently, a young man he is still young, but at that time he was twenty\nsomething. He worked for Family Services so he met ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=5970.0,6000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"us at the airport and brought\nus to our apartment and when we entered the apartment and saw the living room,\nthe huge kitchen and the dining area we were absolutely flabbergasted. And so we\nsat down on the couch and he asked us if we liked it and we said: \"Is this all\nfor us?\". Of course this was all for us so he asked us: \"Why don't you go in and\nsee the entire place?\". So we asked: \"What do you mean the entire place?\". He\nsaid there was more ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=6000.0,6030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bedrooms out there around the corner. So we went in and saw\nthat it was a two bedroom apartment which we did not think existed so we went in\nand discovered another bedroom, it was a two bedroom apartment, which we didn't\nthink it would be, so we discovered another room and another room and a\nbathroom. We couldn't believe it, it was a shock it was quite a shock. So the\nrefrigerator was stuffed with food ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=6030.0,6060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there was basic furniture in the place,\nand he left us for the weekend told us that if we needed him we could call him,\nbut basically he said he will see us Monday and we started our exploration of\nthe apartment complex and the neighborhood. We got out and we were walking\naround and somebody passed us by and said hello or how are you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=6060.0,6090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and of course we\ndidn't speak English at that time. Hello and goodbye was pretty much the extent\nof it and if it was how are you or how are you doing we of course didn't\nunderstand it, so I asked my wife if she knew him and she asked me if I knew him\nand we were very surprised that he was talking to us. Of course, there are\npeople who would talk to you in the streets sometimes in Russia. We called them\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=6090.0,6120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"schizophrenics or sometimes people would talk to themselves. At that time, cell\nphones weren't as commonplace and prevalent, but if you take somebody from that\ntime and put him on the streets now and he sees people talking to themselves\nit's a perfect case of schizophrenia. If you don't know that they are talking on\nthe cellphone, which you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=6120.0,6150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"don't see immediately in their hand-- so that custom in\nRussia you don't talk to strangers, you don't make even eye contact with\nstrangers. it's just a little bit different culture and when somebody smiles to\nyou on the street, approaching, smiling, making eye contact saying something,\nalmost felt ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=6150.0,6180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"threatened, if not threatened, we felt very awkward. We did not know\nwhat it was all about. Maybe it's something about us, was there something\nwritten on our foreheads? \"Y'all don't come from around here?\". So, we didn't\nknow that, and the next person said the same and probably greeted us and we\ncouldn't figure it out. Why are people taking to us? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=6180.0,6210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They don't know us. And it\nwas very strange. The first two days we went around, we went to the grocery\nstore on the corner and the gas station and we waited for Monday for Casey to\ncome back. Basically exploring stuff, it was beautiful. As I mentioned, the\nbirds and the squirrels. Benjamin, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=6210.0,6240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he was in heaven. I mean, lots of place to\nrun around without any traffic inside the complex.\n\nRACHEL: How old was your son at that time?\n\nVLADIMIR: He was eight. It was an amazing feeling, but even before-- I mean it\nwas here even before when we left Russia the first--when we left the airport\nafter the grueling check in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=6240.0,6270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"points, it was very stressful. When we left Russia\nin the airplane and the pilot told on the intercom, he spoke to everybody and he\ntold us that we had crossed the border of the Soviet Union the people just\nexploded, just exploded. They started opening bottles of whatever alcohol they\nhad, started drinking, cheering, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=6270.0,6300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"toasting each other then was a month of shock\nin Austria. I don't know if you have ever been there, it was a beautiful place,\nimmigration was an absolutely great time for us, probably one of the best times\nin our whole lives. We there and we visited all these ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=6300.0,6330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stores, we did not have\nvery much money there, but it didn't matter. We lived in Vienna and then we\nlived in Italy for one month and our case was even easier than most of the\nimmigrants for one reason. As I mentioned, we lived in a communal apartment. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=6330.0,6360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One\nof the neighbors was a staunch anti-Semite and just a hateful person altogether.\nBenjamin-- we ate in a communal kitchen, and I asked him several times not to\nsmoke in the child's face. He would come in there and he would be smoking all\nover the place and he did that probably on purpose, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=6360.0,6390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"many other things. We\nhad several altercations with that guy sometimes even physical. He would go and\ntry to provoke you into a fight which a couple of times he did successful.y I\nwon't go into details about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=6390.0,6420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this, and when police, or militze in Russian, when\nthey came he openly screamed about the Jews and I asked-- when we were\nimmigrating, I came to the district policeman and told him, \"Do you remember\nwhen we had all those problems?\" And actually, after a while we had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=6420.0,6450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a hearing\nabout this in the court and the hearing went, I think because of the\nanti-Semitic court, not our way and other reasons, we felt like we better get\ngoing and speed the process up. So, before ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=6450.0,6480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"immigrating, it was just a bright\nidea, I came to that guy and said, \"Do you remember we had an altercation on the\nbasis of race?\" He said yes so, I said, \"Could you possibly give me a paper\nabout it?\". I mean just a paper stating what happened, I mean, I don't need\nanything else. Amazingly, I don't think the guy would ever have done it, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=6480.0,6510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but, I\ndon't remember why, he gave me the paper. It was just a paper that did not take\nany sides, he just gave me papers that stated that we had a court hearing based\non this and that and there was animosity on the basis of race between our family\nand their family. So, when we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=6510.0,6540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came to Vienna, the American immigration clerk was\nlistening to different cases and quite a few people, a lot of people would never\nget their permission to enter the United States. It was a very tense and\nstressful situation. What people could not realize is that United States would\nrarely consider economic hardship as the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=6540.0,6570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"basis for Resident Alien Status. To\ngive you basically permission to come to the country, only discrimination on the\nbasis of--racial discrimination, anti-Semitism would be one of this, but people\nwould never--some people never had these problems, to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=6570.0,6600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"extent they could\npresent it, verbalize it. They would come up and start talking about hard living\nin Russia, not enough food and this and that, but the truth is there are so many\ncountries around the world where people don't have enough food and they have\nhardship, that would not--that would not constitute a basis, legal basis, for\ngranting the status, and yet people ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=6600.0,6630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would always lapse into these, kind of--in\npeople's minds just could not believe that-- You know, anti-Semitism for us was\nalmost like normal, but the hardship was real, I mean people would not believe\nthat if you present like I have ten kids and only one person is working and the\nsalary is small and the apartments are, you know, living in horrible quarters\nand stuff, they thought that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=6630.0,6660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"should definitely create sympathy. No, it wouldn't.\nA lot of people got refusal to enter United States. Well, it was my turn to be\ninterviewed so I mentioned that briefly then I talked about the conservatory\nstuff, and I talked about job interviews that I had and I almost forgot at the\nend of it that I said: \"I have a paper that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=6660.0,6690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"proves domestic anti-Semitism\". And\nI gave them the paper with the big seal of police. On their part, it was pretty\nsilly on the police part, if he only knew what he was giving me, but he gave me\nthe paper, basically stated it. He easily could have refused it, I mean, he was\nnot obligated to give me that paper. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=6690.0,6720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, when I gave them the paper it,\ncreated quite a splash and the clerk said: \"Could you wait a little bit? I just\nneed to get out\". I don't know what he did. He went to his higher up and\npresented the paper. I mean, you don't always get a document from the Soviets\nwith a police seal stating that the person was discriminated against. That\ncaused a big ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=6720.0,6750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"splash. When he came back half an hour later and asked us: \"Would\nyou like to go to the United States now or would you like to go to Italy first?\"\nSo, we looked at each other with Tatiana and said: \"We don't mind to go to\nItaly\". At that point we knew that our fate was sealed; that we won't have any\nproblems. So we went to Italy and approximately twenty days ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=6750.0,6780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"later we received in\nthe mail the permission. It was the Atlanta Jewish Community.\n\nRACHEL: So, what continuing role did the Atlanta Jewish Community play when you\nwere in Atlanta?\n\nVLADIMIR: We were fed and provided apartments for three months. We were taken to\njob interviews. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=6780.0,6810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In my case, I think the Atlanta Jewish Community Family Services\ndid a pretty good job, I should commend them. Later on, when my brother\nimmigrated, there is something to be said--I don't want to sound negative, but\nthere is something to be said about a few ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=6810.0,6840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people who considered that they were\nnot obligated to help us as much as in my case. We didn't know anybody, we\ndidn't have anything else. The Jewish Community was the only thing we have, so\nif they gave us half as much as they did we would still be considering it being\nvery lucky. We were given a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=6840.0,6870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"modest amount for food and apartments were paid for\nand once in a while we were taken for job opportunities. We were kind of nudged\nto take a job even if it isn't a job that correspond to our education or the\noccupation that we had before, but not pushed violently, we weren't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=6870.0,6900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pushed hard.\nThey were all non-musical jobs. It was Waverly Hotel like maintenance job, this\nand that, but in the end, I knew that I would have to take one because I didn't\nexpect that anybody would feed me forever, and if I can't find-- The most\ndifficult part was that I didn't speak very much English and Jewish Federation\nmade a few contacts for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=6900.0,6930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me, but bottom line, I knew that I would have to feed\nthe family so finally we took maintenance jobs in the apartment building where\nwe lived. So for several months, and basically it was vacuum cleaning and stuff,\nand I'll tell you more about it later, but the Jewish Federation helped ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=6930.0,6960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"us. It\nwas the only entity that took care of us and for three months it was a lot. I\nlived all my life in Russia in the former Soviet Union. I never had anything\nfrom the state, anything, a penny. If one day I lost my job then I lost my job,\nI don't have money. I don't know what would be then I would have to take any\njob, I would have to do something. But in any case, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=6960.0,6990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there is no welfare program\nwhatsoever. There is nothing and nobody who would help you in any way so in a\ncountry where you did not grow up in a country where nobody knows you from Adam\nto get such help even for three months it was pretty much, you know, shocking.\nWe were and we are forever grateful ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=6990.0,7020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for this. It was good. It was very helpful.\nI guess if the Jewish federation did not help, there would be some individuals\nthat would, or I would have to find a job on my own, but it made the transition\nmuch smoother and more ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=7020.0,7050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"humane.\n\nRACHEL: How did you learn your English?\n\nVLADIMIR: Well, we came without any English whatsoever everything I learned I\nlearned here. So pretty soon I started taking jobs, free-lance [musician] jobs.\nI was very active the first five to seven years I took any job I could get my\nhands on. And when you go somewhere--usually musicians travel together. So\nmaybe, the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=7050.0,7080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Macon Symphony, Columbus Symphony Charleston Symphony. You always\nfind yourself in the car with free-lance musicians for two or three hours and\nthey speak nothing but English and it was like shock therapy. I mean you get\nyourself into that environment for three or four hours and you try to\nunderstand. I learned on my own. I didn't believe and I still don't believe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=7080.0,7110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in\nhaving any teachers, as far as language goes. I have my own way of learning and\nI would recommend this to anybody because inevitably when you have a teacher who\nteaches ten to fifteen people simultaneously, you get only one tenth or\nfifteenth of his time, it's not individually tailored no matter how talented the\nteacher is or how progressive the system might ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=7110.0,7140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be. I found my own way and it was\npretty efficient, as I see now as long as you understand what I am saying I\nconsider myself successful. So I basically slept with a dictionary for a number\nof years. NPR helped me, I listen to NPR all the time turned on the TV and also\nfriends we were very hospitable, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=7140.0,7170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and always invited people to come and it was,\npart of it was selfish, we wanted to talk to people. We wanted also to learn.\nJewish Federation introduced us-- every family who immigrated were given\nsponsors people who do not necessarily give you money in our case they didn't\ngive us money, but ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=7170.0,7200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people who befriend you take you out show you around Atlanta\nand stuff and we met an absolutely great family. We are still friends Richard\nand Debbie Miller Richard is the owner of a drug store in downtown Atlanta, on\nMartin Luther. Also, his store became famous at one point when Paul McCartney\nmade a picture for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=7200.0,7230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"his album \"Run, Devil Run\" he took a picture of that store\nand put it on the cover. So, Richard and Debbie Miller had befriended us they\nhad two kids who are both grown up one had recently married, and I played at her\nwedding Mandy and Brian, Richard and Debbie, and they live in Sandy ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=7230.0,7260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Springs or\nCobb lower Marietta around Johnson's Ferry. And Debbie and Richard Miller, they\ntook us around Atlanta first for fast food. It was great. It was Krystal and boy\ndid it taste good especially the French fries. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=7260.0,7290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At that time we didn't have\nanything like that in Russia. It's a great way to get introduced to America\nthrough fast food. Then they invited or took us, we didn't have a car yet, to\ntheir house several times, and around Atlanta. Richard tried to make some\ncontacts as far as private teaching ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=7290.0,7320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"goes It wasn't extremely successful, but it\nwas all up to me. I had to learn English better before I could accomplish\nanything because people want you to communicate whatever you know--it doesn't\nmatter, if you cannot teach because of the English. You can show, that's good,\nbut you have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=7320.0,7350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to convince people that you know what you know. It's a matter of\npublicity which is basically an art in the United States. And then there was\nanother family Phyllis and Wayne Lazarus and we got a glimpse of American life\nthrough them. They invited us ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=7350.0,7380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"several times to their house for dinner for\nShabbat big family they have three children. It was very interesting Wayne is a\nlawyer and Phyllis was very hospitable. At that time, I am not sure if she\nworked at that time when we met ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=7380.0,7410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"later on when my brother and my mother came here\nPhyllis and Wayne they helped a little bit them too.\n\nRACHEL: When did your mother and brother come?\n\nVLADIMIR: They came two and a half years later so it was ninety-one.\n\nRACHEL: What did you have to do to get them ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=7410.0,7440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here?\n\nVLADIMIR: I was their sponsor, but since I was not firmly established yet, not\nquite on my legs, that's when I ran into a little problem with the Jewish\nFederation. Am I allowed to speak? I don't think, at that time, the Jewish\nFederation helped much. Basically, they tried to use ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=7440.0,7470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me as a vehicle for their\nimmigration, I could not financially to--I was barely making ends meet and as\nmuch as I love my brother I thought they would get the same kind of help than\nthey did which is a little sponsorship for three months. At that time that lady\nRosa ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=7470.0,7500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Collette was I would say least helpful and made me a little bit resentful,\nbecause not only did they not want to present themselves as sponsors, they\nwanted to do it, but in fact they wanted financially, me and my family to carry\nthe entire burden and they made us take out a loan, of course, which I did.\nWhich I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=7500.0,7530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"probably would have to--the resentment that I have is that they wanted\nto be the official sponsor. My brother and the entire family would not enter\nbecause they didn't sign somehow, if they didn't sign off on official papers for\nthe government, presenting themselves as the sponsor and in fact, not being a\nsponsor, but making us carry all the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=7530.0,7560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"burden, making us to take out a loan and\nnot giving to my brother directly but making me take loan and giving the loan to\nthem and then they cut and shaved off of that loan a part for themselves and the\nmoney did not trickle down to my brother though they promised that it would so\nin fact they made me take out a loan. They took that money, they would not allow\nme to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=7560.0,7590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"directly sponsor my family. They took money and then after two months they\nstarted to push them off that help off the welfare, you know, the sponsorship\nmoney, pushing them on the job, and and when I tried to reason that there was\nstill money, more money and to give my brother more time to look for a job and\ntry to find the job. They would not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=7590.0,7620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"listen. They told me that it was no longer\nmy money. It was the money that the Jewish Federation was now in charge of. I\nshould mention because I don't think it was fair thing. I'm not sure of the\ndynamics of the financial arrangement but at that time I felt a little bit\nresentful, let's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=7620.0,7650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"say, but we got over it. My brother is fine now he is gainfully\nemployed. He is a musician himself. He played --in addition to this job he took\na job in Naples, Florida. Naples Philharmonic played with them for a number of\nyears and then decided to change his career and became a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=7650.0,7680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bow maker. He studied\nbow making in Los Angeles and then in Seattle. He came back to Atlanta where he\nstarted. And now he is here. He is repairman. He repairs violins, violas, cellos\nand bases for school systems and for individuals. He is very good at repairing\nbows, very good. He does it for some Atlanta ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=7680.0,7710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Symphony players, for everybody.\n\nRACHEL: What is your brother's name?\n\nVLADIMIR: Jacob or Yaakov Yampolsky and Olga, his wife. I helped her a little\nbit and she got a job with the school system and now she teaches at the Clayton\nCounty School System.\n\nRACHEL: Do they have any children?\n\nVLADIMIR: They have one daughter Eva. She graduated from Emory and now she is\nback at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=7710.0,7740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Emory with her internship teaching and studying for her doctorate in\nFrench literature and French language pretty good accomplishment. My son\nBenjamin, he is graduating this year from Georgia Polytechnic, Southern\nPolytech, he is a computer guy and he is also very successful in his field.\n\nRACHEL: That's good. And your mother ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=7740.0,7770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came with your brother?\n\nVLADIMIR: Yes. My mother came, the four of them. My brother's family and my\nmother after a couple of years I believe she got her place at the retirement\nhome on Piedmont and Roswell Road, a high-rise, and she lived there for some\nfifteen ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=7770.0,7800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years until she passed away last December-- And she learned English\npretty good for her age and she enjoyed Atlanta a lot. She was a very curios\nperson. She traveled all over Atlanta, on public transportation on the Buckhead\nshuttle, a little later. They later opened the Buckhead Shuttle ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=7800.0,7830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"she was always a\ncurious lady and liked to learn the place where she lived. She loved to\ncommunicate, she loved to go on her own and talk to people even without being\nperfect in English and I think she was happy, all in all she was.. of course the\nideal situation would ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=7830.0,7860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be if we could stay in the country of your origin if there\nare no problems. If it was a good country for all the people, but if it can't\nhappen that way, then I think that the United States is the second to the best\nways to live and she was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=7860.0,7890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"extremely comfortable, as far as financially. Both of\nus were there to help her if she needed. She got her Social Security a nice\napartment to live, so in that department she was very secure, safe because at\nthe same time she knew that there were people in Russia were destitute\nespecially the retired people they live hand ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=7890.0,7920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to mouth and no guarantees.\nGovernment pensions are ridiculously small, ridiculously, so the people are\nstarving sometimes and my mother knew it. It is hard to immigrate and change\nyour way of life when you are sixty something. It was hard for us it was easiest\nfor our children they came when they were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=7920.0,7950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seven or eight. And of course, the\nnext generation--\n\nRACHEL: Where did your son go to school?\n\nVLADIMIR: Southern Polytech. He went to Hebrew Academy for a couple of years and\nthen when we divorced with his mother with Tatiana. She did not feel compelled\nto continue his Jewish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=7950.0,7980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"education and she had more say in the matter, so she\ndecided to put him into public school-- which is good. I am glad he got a slice\nof public education, it's always good, he learned in mainstream America, made a\nfew friends, you know. There's pros and cons in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=7980.0,8010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"public education versus private\nschool. Eva, my brother's daughter my niece, on the other hand, she went to\nprivate institutions all along private schools then Emory university, so I am\nlearning it from her the good and bad of that way of studying so no regrets they\nboth ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=8010.0,8040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"got a good education.\n\nRACHEL: Well, beyond your involvement with the Jewish Federation Family Services\nwhat other involvement have you had with the Jewish community?\n\nVLADIMIR: Well, the very first experience we played, entertained the Atlanta\nJewish community with my wife she is a piano player. We were invited ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=8040.0,8070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to one of\nthe annual meetings. It was I believe in nineteen ninety or ninety one ninety\nprobably and we played an evening of entertainment as a duet piano and violin\nand then other than that I was a member for several years of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=8070.0,8100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta Jewish\ncommunity and sometimes donated money toward their school, a little bit here and\nthere. I volunteered a couple of times during their fundraising campaign sitting\non the phone in that big room calling people on the phone and trying to raise.\nWhatever success it contributed I don't know that is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=8100.0,8130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"basically all. I mean I\ndon't play any major part, nor do I work for their organization.\n\nRACHEL: [unintelligible] The people you invited, did you ever spend holidays\nwith them?\n\nVLADIMIR: We invited, as I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=8130.0,8160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mentioned we weren't very religious back in Russia.\nHere I figured the society is basically centered around religious communities,\nit's a pretty religious country I mean I never expect it to be when I first\ncame, but I learned that here the people's identities are formed by the\ncommunities. If ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=8160.0,8190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you are Christian you go to church, if you are Muslim you go to\na mosque, if you are Jewish you are you know and there is, of course, nothing\nshameful about it, like it was in Russia or nothing dangerous much less, of\ncourse, so I figured if I am Jewish I better learn about my roots and traditions\nso we started going ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=8190.0,8220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to a synagogue. Not immediately maybe, we were too busy the\nfirst year, so second year, I went to Beth Tefillah which was Orthodox. I didn't\nknow any better. I started at the hardest place. So, I went to Beth Tefillah, I\nwas a member there for about ten years. It was the time when the two Yossi were\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=8220.0,8250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rabbis Yossi Lehrman and Yossi Nu. I learned as far as the extent of learning\ncustoms and holidays and stuff. I did not go as far as learning Hebrew. It's\nstill on the agenda, but I don't know when. Do you speak Hebrew? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=8250.0,8280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"--Good! And\nBenjamin got a basic introduction to Judaism through the Greenfield Hebrew\nAcademy. So at least he knows the basics. And ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=8280.0,8310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then I tried to bring my mother.\nIt was pretty successful, my mom--it was funny she was grateful to me for\nbringing her back to Judaism. I didn't bring her back to Judaism I took her\nthere a couple of times and then she just took to it, and she did it on her own.\nOf course, if I didn't somebody maybe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=8310.0,8340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would have, but it was a good idea and it\nwas another outlet how to reunite with the community otherwise I would never\nmeet so many other Jews, the synagogue was the way. It was amazing to me to see\nyoung generation kids growing up in the tradition, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=8340.0,8370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how naturally it comes, it\nwas amazing to me how two cultures Judaic and the modern secular culture of\nAmerica how they coincide and blend and even if they don't blend completely, how\nthey coincide and live together. Now I have become accustomed to it, but at the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=8370.0,8400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"beginning it was pretty shocking to see, you know, people would be openly\nwearing their kippahs, going to the grocery store in kippahs wearing it on their\nsleeve so to speak their Judaism, where as in Russia it would be like inviting\nextra trouble I mean nobody would wear a kippahs in Russia, but if you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=8400.0,8430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wanted\nto, it would be like basically inviting trouble, drawing attention it would be\nlike taking a public stand like putting \"I'm Anti-Communist\" or something on\nyour forehead. Nobody would do it at that time. It was amazing to see how people\nlive here freely and don't know any other way and express and it's not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=8430.0,8460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"shameful.\nGradually, I changed my perception so it's almost natural for me now, but at the\nbeginning it was shocking just shocking. It was a learning curve.\n\nRACHEL: You can go to a grocery store and buy matzah.\n\nVLADIMIR: Right buy matzah, buy gifiltefish. They have kosher department in the\ngrocery store. People fly on the plane and they ask for a kosher ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=8460.0,8490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"meal or are\noffered a kosher meal. And teaching in the public schools. You have officially\non the secular calendar you have Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur and Passover as\nholidays and you can take the day off and that is respected, and you never have\nany problems ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=8490.0,8520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"explaining it's how tolerant and good the society is with different\nreligions. It was absolutely amazing to see all that stuff.\n\nRACHEL: And you mentioned schooling, so you were teaching music?\n\nVLADIMIR: Yes, I was a freelance player in the beginning and then I taught music\nin a studio Melody Line in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=8520.0,8550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lawrenceville and one day a lady entered and offered\nme a job with the school system. I never applied I never looked for it. She\nsaid, we need an orchestra teacher. I said, well, I don't know what kind of\nanimal it is. She said, \"No biggie, we will introduce you to the right people\nand as long as you are a good musician you can do it.\"\n\nRACHEL: And what grade was this in school?\n\nVLADIMIR: It was high school. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=8550.0,8580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, she introduced me to the coordinator of fine\narts of Gwinnett County and he hooked me up with a couple of teachers who became\ngood friends of mine. One of them was Norman Burnell and Brent Stewart and a\ncouple of others and I learned about the system, about the requirements and\nstuff. At the beginning it was a part time job and then it became, two years\nlater, a full-time job and I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=8580.0,8610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"also taught for about five years at Georgia State\nUniversity, part-time, teaching viola there. There was no full-time at that\ntime. So, I stuck with the school system.\n\nRACHEL: Talk about how you earned your doctorate.\n\nVLADIMIR: Doctorate. I went back to the St. Petersburg ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=8610.0,8640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Conservatory-- in 1999. .\nI went back to St. Petersburg and entered the doctorate program there. Studied\nwith Andrei Dogadin one of the best viola players today in Russia.\n\nRACHEL: So, you had to go back there?\n\nVLADIMIR: No, I was visiting. I completed certain courses online and then I\nvisited for my recitals, so I went back ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=8640.0,8670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"every six months, for a month or so for\nthree years. It was sort of my ambition always, because I did not play certain\npieces I always wanted to play-- for viola, so I went back and then Dogadin came\nhere for a Master class for Georgia State and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=8670.0,8700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"University of Georgia there were\ngreat couple of workshops and recitals here. It took me three years and I\ngraduated with my doctorate.\n\nRACHEL: Congratulations that was amazing.\n\nVLADIMIR: That helps when you teach.\n\nRACHEL: So besides that, have you been back to Russia?\n\nVLADIMIR: I went to Russia besides that--before that I went once. I organized a\ntrip I took a couple of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=8700.0,8730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"friends and took them to Russia. After that I went back\nquite a few times. It wore off a little bit. I don't want to go back for a\nwhile. But I went quite a few times it helps me to put everything in\nperspective. I see how life develops back in Russia, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=8730.0,8760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dynamics, firsthand\nknowledge of what's going on and that proverbial nostalgia I never had it, but\nit was good to come back. I took Benjamin the last time we went back to Russia.\nI took him to show him the place where he was born, and it was emotional for him\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=8760.0,8790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"too and I still have a few friends.\n\nRACHEL: Any family left there?\n\nVLADIMIR: In Odessa my cousin. Other than that-- we also sponsored another\ncousin with her family: with her husband and two children and their children her\ngrandchildren, so we've got quite a few people now.\n\nRACHEL: Everybody is in Atlanta?\n\nVLADIMIR: Yes, everybody was coming to Atlanta. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=8790.0,8820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They call me Columbus now; I\ndiscovered the place.\n\nRACHEL: So, what was it like to go back as someone who now lives in another country?\n\nVLADIMIR: Every time is different, because Russia is changing very rapidly. It's\na free market, but I would not consider it a Democracy. It's a free market, but\nwith a huge government bureaucracy, corruption, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=8820.0,8850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mafia and the dynamics of that\npolitical process are not bringing Russia closer to Democracy. I think right now\nit's going backwards. As you probably heard Bush and Cheney are expressing\nconcerns and that political process trampling over ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=8850.0,8880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"democratic institutions in\nRussia, so it just reconfirmed my decision that I made seventeen years ago that\nI made it right deciding to leave the country. Though in all fairness to say\nthere are some new synagogues. I think it's like a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=8880.0,8910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trough in the waves. It's a\nperiod before anti- Semitism will become more rampant and prevalent I think it\nwas and still is a good time to leave Russia. I don't think that Jews belong\nthere, especially in our time when we have Israel. You can immigrate in the best\ncase scenario to Israel, of course, but if not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=8910.0,8940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the United States and not\nsubject yourself to the danger. Because nothing basically has changed.\nGenerally, the majority of the population still consider Jews as enemies in more\nways than one. Religion doesn't blend. I mean Christianity here (I don't know if\nI should go there) -- Christianity here and Christianity in Russia are very\ndifferent. Not because Russian ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=8940.0,8970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is Orthodox Christian country and the United\nStates is mostly Protestant and Baptist, but also because Orthodox Christianity,\nor Conservative Christianity here in United States does not consider Jews as\nenemies of the religion anymore, at least not since the Pope kind of issued--the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=8970.0,9000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John Paul I mean, the previous Pope offered forgiveness. Jews are not considered\nthe enemies of Christians. They are considered to be maybe lost in their beliefs\nor divorced, but not planning you know deliberately planning any kind of --\nplotting against Christians, or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=9000.0,9030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just undermining Christianity purposefully. It's\nnot the goal. It's a different religion, doesn't coincide, but in Russia the\nJews are considered enemies of their religion. It's funny because 99% of\nRussians would not know that Christ was Jewish if you ask any common folks on\nthe street ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=9030.0,9060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who was Christ they will tell you he was Russian. I mean I am serious\nthey never think about it. He was Russian, as far as Jews they know that Judah\nwas a Jew but not the rest of the folks, the rest of them were good Russian\npeople. So, it tells you pretty much about--and it permeates the society ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=9060.0,9090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's\nthe basis of their Christian attitude and then there is the government always\nready to clamp down on Judaism so basically what I am saying is it was a good\ntime and still is a good time to leave Russia. But there are folks who do not\nsee it that way. There are people who-- ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=9090.0,9120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there are some people who feel that you\nneed to die in the same place where you were born, no matter what. They love the\nplace where they were born. They are afraid of changes, they don't feel like\nthey can-- they are afraid of new stuff. They think that the evil that you know\nis better than the evil that you don't know they think you better cope with the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=9120.0,9150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"situation and the people and the government that you know than to go somewhere\nwhere you are not guaranteed anything. There are still quite a few Jews who\ndon't ask me or you what to do. So back in Russia it's a long story, Russia is a\nbig subject I am not sure if I am answering your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=9150.0,9180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"questions, as far as Jews are\nconcerned today I think there is a little bit more freedom, a little bit more,\nbecause there were a few synagogues that were built and stuff.. I don't have\nintimate knowledge of how it plays out when you are looking for a job. I think\nit's a little bit better, it's definitely better than what it was in the\nseventies. I am not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=9180.0,9210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sure if it is better than it was during Gorbachev Era,\nbecause during Gorbachev it was basically opened up and now as far as I can see\ndemocratic processes they are folding it up gradually. We know that one Jewish\nat least guy, what was his name-- Yukos-- the head of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=9210.0,9240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yukos-- he is in jail now,\nmaybe not because he is Jewish. Because we know another Jewish guy Abramov he is\na Jewish guy who is the Governor of Chukotka of all places and he is the owner\nof one of the English soccer teams and almost bought Lordship there and he is in\nthe government I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=9240.0,9270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mean it's amazing and he is Jewish. Abramovich, I believe is\nthe last name. So--I think that when you talk about Russia corruption is the\nnumber one thing and if you play by the government's rules and you are Jewish\nyou'll be fine, you know.\n\nRACHEL: Sounds ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=9270.0,9300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like you feel that you made the right decision.\n\nVLADIMIR: Absolutely, absolutely.\n\nRACHEL: Do you have American citizenship?\n\nVLADIMIR: Yes, I do.\n\nRACHEL: When did you get it?\n\nVLADIMIR: Typically, when United States takes somebody under political asylum\nstatus or resident alien, usually the typical process is you wait five years\nbefore you get a -- I think three years you get a Green Card and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=9300.0,9330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after five\nyears of living in the United States you get citizenship. So, I've been here\nseventeen years, I got my citizenship approximately twelve years ago.\n\nRACHEL: How did you feel about becoming an American citizen?\n\nVLADIMIR: I was very proud.\n\nRACHEL: Do you remember the ceremony?\n\nVLADIMIR: Yes, of course, it was downtown at the INS center. And, you know, it\nwas--It was a funny, to a certain ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=9330.0,9360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"extent, situation, because it was if I'm not\nmistaken after the Oklahoma City bombing so we were there waiting for the\nceremony to start there was some delay and people were kind of sitting there\nwaiting and waiting and one guy got extremely displeased with the situation so\nhe got up and went to the bathroom probably to take a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=9360.0,9390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"smoke and left something\nbehind the chair so everybody immediately jumped up to see if it was a bomb\nbecause he had cursed everything he was so impatient and went to smoke and when\nhe came back everybody already sang the National Anthem and the ceremony was\nover and he became a citizen the same as ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=9390.0,9420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everybody else and he went and got his\ncertificate and stuff. So it was a usual procedure I enjoyed it a lot especially\nafter so many years, especially of being without any kind of citizenship,\nbecause as I mentioned you know, you don't belong nowhere, we were ready to get\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=9420.0,9450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"any kind of citizenship, of course, the United States was the country of our new\nhome and we were very proud, later on my mother got citizenship and she was\nproud she learned all the questions and all the right answers. It was quite a\nlearning curve for her and so now everybody is my brother and his family\n\nRACHEL: And now you have your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=9450.0,9480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ph.D. and you continue to teach.\n\nVLADIMIR: Yes, DMA Doctor of Musical Arts I continue to teach with a public\nschool and I teach orchestra and I freelance playing sometimes teach privately\nnot always only when I feel that I need extra money and in my free time I am\nsailing on lake Lanier. I take my boat on Lake Lanier but during ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=9480.0,9510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"summertime\nbecause as they say the best three things about teaching June, July and August.\nSo, having such a long vacation I sail the Atlantic. I sailed to Bermuda a\ncouple of times, east coast up and down, the BVI, USVI and this summer I am\ngoing to sail along the west coast of Ireland.\n\nRACHEL: That's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=9510.0,9540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"amazing\n\nVLADIMIR: It should be fun I will report back to you\n\nRACHEL: Is there anything else you would like to share about your experiences,\nyour thoughts?\n\nVLADIMIR: If this my soliloquy is going to be a part of the exhibition I would\nlike to mention once again that I am grateful to the country, to the Jewish\nCommunity and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=9540.0,9570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's amazing how it all worked out in the end and of course to\nfriends like Phyllis and Debbie and Richard and many others who befriended us\nalong the way and found the time, because I know that life is stressful in the\nUnited States and everybody is busy making their own, their own living at the\nsame time, people found ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=9570.0,9600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"enough room in their hearts, enough room in the schedule\nand enough time to help other people whom they did not know. There is another\nlady whom I would like to mention Marion Kent who plays with the Atlanta\nSymphony Orchestra and she is a viola player. Very eccentric person, but\namazingly kind lady. She also helped us. She helped a lot ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=9600.0,9630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"she was amazingly\nhelpful. She helped me professionally and she helped us in many ways. We are\nstill friends, so its people like her, you know it's very important to have\nfriends in a new country not only because, for practical reasons, but because\nyou don't fully integrate ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=9630.0,9660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into society until you have people around you, new\nfriends, new acquaintances, to whom just to talk sometimes to and celebrate\nwith. So, I am grateful to all those people and life goes on it's not the end of\nit so, I can't say ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=9660.0,9690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/transcript/30498/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anything --so let's do this in another fifteen years\nhopefully if I am still around.\n\nRACHEL: Thank you very much.\n\nVLADIMIR: Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=9690.0,9720.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/annotation_set/534","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/annotation_set/534/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOdessa or Odesa is the third most populous city of Ukraine and a major tourism center, seaport and transportation hub located on the northwestern shore of the Black Sea. Odessa is sometimes called the \"pearl of the Black Sea,\" the \"South Capital\", and \"Southern Palmyra\".\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/annotation_set/534/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShtetles or Shtetlekh were small towns with large Jewish populations, which existed in Central and Eastern Europe before the Holocaust. Shtetlekh were mainly found in the areas that constituted the 19th century Pale of Settlement in the Russian Empire, the Congress Kingdom of Poland, Galicia and Romania\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/annotation_set/534/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Great October Socialist Revolution was a revolution led by the Bolsheviks (majority leftist faction) and Vladimir Lenin. It was preceded by and built upon the February Revolution which overthrew the autocracy of Czar Nicolas II. The October Revolution took place because the workers were dissatisfied with the provisional government.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/annotation_set/534/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKomsomol is roughly translated from the Russian as the nationwide union of Communist youth. It was essentially the young people’s Communist party.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/annotation_set/534/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKosher is types of foods that conform to the Jewish dietary law (Kashrut). Primarily derived from Leviticus and Deuteronomy ( the 3rd and 5th books of the bible).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/annotation_set/534/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShochet is a person certified by a rabbi and a Jewish court to slaughter animals in accordance with Kosher tradition.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/annotation_set/534/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBorscht is a sour soup popular in several Eastern European cuisines, including Ukrainian, Russian, Polish, Lithuanian, Belarusian, Romanian, Ashkenazi Jewish, and Armenian cuisines. The variety most commonly associated with the name in English is of Ukrainian origin and includes beetroots as one of the main ingredients, which gives the dish its distinctive red color. It shares the name, however, with a wide selection of sour-tasting soups without beetroots, such as sorrel-based green borscht, rye-based white borscht and cabbage borscht.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/annotation_set/534/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBrezhnev Era is the history of the Soviet Union from 1964 to 1982. It covers the period of Leonid Brezhnev's rule of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). This period began with high economic growth and soaring prosperity, but gradually significant problems in social, political, and economic areas accumulated, so that the period is often described as the Era of Stagnation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/annotation_set/534/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKGB Translates as Soviet State Security Agency. It existed from 1954 until its collapse in 1991. It was succeeded by various Russian state security agencies including the National Committee for Internal Affairs (NKVD). It was run according to the same strict rules and regulations as the soviet army.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/annotation_set/534/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMcCarthyism is a vociferous campaign to identify alleged communists in the US government. It was conducted by Joseph McCarthy (a senator at that time 1950-1954). Although many people were accused of having ties to the Communists very few were communist party members.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/annotation_set/534/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNomenclature is the system of names in a particular field. In this case it refers to low level Soviet government workers that did not have very much authority.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/annotation_set/534/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePompolit is the supervisory officer responsible for the political education or ideology and organization of the unit. They are intended to ensure civilian control of the military.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/annotation_set/534/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePogrom is an organized massacre of a particular ethnic group, in particular, the Jews in Russia and Eastern Europe.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/annotation_set/534/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSohnut is the largest charitable Jewish organization in the world. Its mission is to create bonds between Jewish people, their culture, the land, and to build a stronger Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=5640.0,5670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/annotation_set/534/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA brimless skullcap worn by Jewish men in accordance with Orthodox rules and traditions. It is meant to remind men of the importance of covering the head before God.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=8400.0,8430.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/index/48397","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Vladimir Yampolsky [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/index/48397/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Early life and family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=57.0,682.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/index/48397/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My mother came to the town with her parents when she was four or five years old, her parents were very traditional, religious Jews it goes back to the traditional Ukrainian Jewish Community when there was no real choice everybody was of the same denomination the same Jewish faith.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=57.0,682.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/index/48397/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cutler","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"engineer","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish faith","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"music teacher","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Odessa","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ukraine","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=57.0,682.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/index/48397/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What it was like being Jewish","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264#t=682.0,1907.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32492/file/101264/index/48397/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean if you are in a school class and all of your peers and friends will ridicule you and even your teacher will ridicule you and say that it is stupid and shameful and going backwards in time and history. 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