{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/pk06w97x05/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Ellis, Elmo"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1985-03-19 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Ellis, Elmo (Interviewee)","Evans, Robert (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta Georgia Jews"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eElmo Ellis was interviewed by Robert Evans on March 19, April 27, June 27, and July 1, 1985,  in Atlanta, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eElmo Israel was born in Birmingham, Alabama. He is the youngest of three children born to Samuel Israel and Bertha [Seletz] Israel. Elmo was raised in West Blocton, a small town with a small Jewish population. Elmo’s father owned a merchandise store and despite living through the Great Depression, Elmo had a comfortable childhood. His father was very active in civic duties and organizations in their community. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eElmo played football in high school and attended the University of Alabama where he discovered his interest in journalism and broadcasting at the university’s News Bureau. By the time Elmo was a senior in college, he was editor of the school magazine and co-editor of the school newspaper. After graduating, Elmo was hired by WSB in Atlanta where he launched his broadcast career in 1940 and adopted his professional name, Elmo Ellis. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eDuring World War II, Elmo served in the U.S. Air Force and wrote and produced radio programs for the military. While in the service, Elmo met and married his wife, Ruth [Ballinger] Ellis. Together they would have two children, Janet and William Bryan. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAfter the war ended, Elmo worked in New York City for a year and a half. Elmo returned to Atlanta, rejoining WSB and receiving his Master’s degree from Emory University in 1948. Back at WSB, Elmo worked in radio before he began working in the fledgling television industry for WSB-TV. He worked in this role until 1952, when he was asked to revive WSB Radio. Elmo was successful in revitalizing WSB Radio and produced numerous programs. In 1964, Elmo became General Manager of WSB-AM and WSB-FM and was later promoted to Vice President of the Cox Broadcasting Corporation. Elmo retired in 1982, continuing to work on a freelance basis, authoring books and newspaper columns. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eElmo served the Jewish community and general community through numerous endeavors and organizations, very notably in the radio and broadcasting field. He was the founder of the Elmo Ellis Professional-in-Residence Endowed Fund at the University of Alabama and received an Honorary Doctorate from Oglethorpe University. He served in leadership roles in the Anti-Defamation League (ADL), including Past-Chairman, S.E. Region Advisory Board, and Life Member National Advisory Commission. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHe received numerous awards and honors including the Peabody Award, a U.S. Presidential Commendation, 12 additional Freedom's Foundation medals, the ADL Abe Goldstein Human Relations Award, Distinguished Alumni Awards from Emory and the University of Alabama, and Elmo was inducted into the Georgia Radio Hall of Fame in 2007. The Elmo Ellis Spirit Award is given in his honor by the Georgia Radio Hall of Fame to recognize Georgia radio professionals who have made contributions to the industry. Elmo passed away in 2005 and is buried at Arlington Memorial Park in Sandy Springs, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eThe interview focuses on Elmo’s childhood, broadcasting career, and the influence of his Jewish faith and heritage on his life. Elmo recounts his early childhood growing up in West Blocton, Alabama. He shares about his sister and where she is living. He discusses anglicizing his last name when he began his broadcasting career and his family’s reaction. He shares how his family came to America from an area in Eastern Europe. Elmo describes what it was like growing up in a small Southern town with a very small Jewish population during the Great Depression. He recalls a fire that destroyed his father’s merchandise store and his father’s illness that eventually cost his eyesight. Elmo details his home life growing up and the comfortable childhood his parents had ensured for their children. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eElmo reflects on the influence of Judaism on his upbringing and what it was like growing up in a town with so few other Jewish people. Elmo reminisces on celebrating the Jewish holidays growing up and his memories of the food his family would make. Elmo shares further about his brother and his father’s business. Elmo then reflects on segregation in the South and what he recalls about it from his childhood. Elmo expresses that West Blocton was a coal mining town and black and white people were in unions together and Elmo thinks this may have helped relations. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eElmo recalls his first memories of listening to the radio, discussing hateful rhetoric aimed at the U.S. Presidential candidate Al Smith, who was catholic. He reflects on his exposure to radio and newspapers during his childhood and how this may have influenced his later career. Elmo describes how he was aware of being Jewish growing up but mentioned how he assimilated with other kids his age, including playing football. He describes his experience in high school. Elmo shares about his college experience and his first job, which was a National Youth Administration job. He talks about working at the University of Alabama library before being transferred to the University News Bureau. He describes working there throughout college and being promoted. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eElmo recounts his father’s interaction with the Ku Klux Klan when giving a eulogy for a community member who was also a Klansman. He discusses antisemitic experiences and expresses anger over President Reagan’s visit to West Germany to visit a cemetery where Schutzstaffel officers were buried. At the time of this interview, the former President had not yet made the visit and Elmo expressed frustration at people treating the situation as a “Jewish problem” when it affected non-Jewish U.S. soldiers as well. Elmo shares his experience visiting Munich, Germany, and Dachau concentration camp, he mentions the negative experiences he had while interacting with local Germans and their insistence that Dachau was just a detention camp. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eElmo again discusses his experiences in high school, particularly his family’s disapproval of dating non-Jewish girls. Elmo also again reflects on the presence of the KKK in his community and the growing threat of Nazism. Elmo discusses what it was like to attend college during the Great Depression. Elmo talks about his relationship with his parents and how they felt about him pursuing journalism, and how his opinions meshed with his family’s. Elmo shares about his father and how he supported his children. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eElmo talks about searching for a job after graduating college and being hired by WSB in Atlanta. He then goes back to reflect further on his relationship with his parents and their support of his decisions. Elmo discusses his interest in journalism and why he chose to study it while in college. He details his experience being hired by WSB and being the first Jewish person hired by the station. He recounts his early role models in the industry and the influence they had on him. Elmo shares about briefly working in New York. He talks about his college professor, Randy Fort, and how he helped influence his career and opportunities. He mentions his first experiences with writing and being on radio, and his early experiences with WSB. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eElmo reflects on finishing college during a turbulent time, as the Great Depression ended and World War II began. Elmo shares a story about Prince Hubertus zu Loewenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg coming to speak at his university, having left Germany to warn about the rise of Hitlerism. Elmo mentions that many of his family members who remained in Europe were killed during the Holocaust. Elmo shares in detail his experience serving in the U.S. Army during WWII, particularly his experience with a Major who was very religious and imposed this on Elmo. He shares a similar experience with an elementary school teacher who wanted to convert him. He describes his journalism career while in service, and the weekly program he created called “Reveille in Dixie.” \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eElmo discusses his early years at WSB and Cox Broadcasting, he shares that he was hired as the public relations director. Elmo provides further detail on his broadcasting career while in the military, and mentions attending officer's candidate school. Elmo shares that he finished his military career at Wright Field in Ohio, and was in charge of radio for the Air Technical Service Command. Elmo talks about moving from radio to television and pioneering the field by writing and producing the first TV newscasts ever done in Atlanta and writing and producing many of the first TV commercials on a freelance basis. He shares his responsibilities working for the TV station as a production manager. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e Elmo details moving from television back to radio in 1952 when he was asked by WSB to help revitalize the station. Elmo shares that he stayed with WSB and Cox Broadcasting until his retirement in 1981 and through the years he became vice president and general manager of WSB AM and FM operations. Elmo shares about other television productions he worked on for WSB. Elmo discusses in detail his transition from television to radio, what it was like, and what he did. He mentions audience engagement and how audience engagement was measured in that era. Elmo talks about WSB's success in comparison to other popular radio stations during that time, including WWL, KDKA, KMOX, and WCCO. Elmo discusses his management style and hiring people to work for him at WSB, and how this was important to WSB’s longevity. Elmo reflects on his interest in being on the radio and writing programming. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e Elmo shares about his relationship with other figures in the broadcasting industry, including co-authoring books with Leonard Reinsch. Elmo is asked about incorporating Jewish topics into his programming, he shares about helping write the history of the Temple and writing articles for the Southern Israelite. Elmo reflects on the ephemeral nature of radio and trying to preserve broadcasts. Elmo reflects on radio presently, in the late 1980’s, and how television has overshadowed radio because radio does not provide breaking news as quickly as TV. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e Elmo expresses his feelings about being a pioneer in the industry as a Jewish broadcaster and discusses how being a Jewish person in broadcasting affected him. He shares about using his platform to spotlight race relations and civil rights in his broadcasting. He mentions community responses to this programming, some negative. He shares that he had received a death threat and it was investigated by the FBI. Elmo discusses the sympathies and feelings he shared with the black community, being Jewish. Elmo shares an antisemitic experience he had while serving in the military in Texas. He talks about black staff working at WSB and how desegregation impacted this. Elmo speaks about political races and how WSB interacted with political candidates in giving them airtime. He mentions the gubernatorial election of Lester Maddox and Ellis Arnall in particular. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e Elmo discusses Israeli statehood and visiting Israel in 1972. He shares a story about going through security on his way to Israel and being looked upon fondly because of his name. He talks about Zionism and how he feels it has become especially important following WWII. Elmo shares his thoughts about the wars Israel engaged in from the 1950’s to the 1970’s. Elmo next discusses black-Jewish relations and how religion can be a unifying and divisive factor. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e Elmo discusses WSB programming further, including sharing programs he helped create to celebrate the bicentennial celebration of America. Elmo talks about two programs he helped create to honor notable Georgians, including ‘Great Americans, Great Georgians’ and the ‘Shining Light’ series. Elmo reminisces on his interactions with Robert W. Woodruff, including awarding him the Anti-Defamation League award and the Abe Goldstein Human Relations Award. Elmo shares about other relationships he has fostered with Georgia political leaders, including Senator Richard Russell whom Elmo traveled with and advised. Elmo talks about former President Jimmy Carter and his thoughts on Carter’s policies regarding Israel and the Middle East. Elmo reflects on the Camp David Accords. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e Elmo is asked about winning the Peabody Award and talks about the programming and writing that earned him that award. Elmo shares what he is working on now that he has retired, he talks about the radio programs he continues to maintain and the columns he writes in the Marietta Daily Journal. Elmo reflects on growing older and his health, he is asked about his exercise routines and eating habits. He discusses his work schedule since having retired, continuing to write, and being an active community member through his work. Elmo reflects back on the election of Atlanta mayor when Sam Massell, a Jewish man, ran against Maynard Jack­son, a black man. Elmo shares his involvement with the Anti-Defamation League, including chairing the Southeast regional board and being on the National Commissions of ADL. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e Elmo discusses his relationship with other members of President Jimmy Carter’s staff, Hamilton Jordan and Jody Powell. Elmo talks about his cousin Irving Kaler who had recently passed away, Irving was the first chairman of the Atlanta Community Commission and Elmo was an advisor. He remembers his cousin, Irving, and discusses giving the eulogy at his funeral. Elmo mentions that his eulogy earned a very positive response from Irving’s immediate family. The interview concludes with Elmo expressing his thoughts on the importance of appreciating one’s parents and showing the elderly that they are valued, something he feels is lacking in society. \u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/29251"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["al-Assad, Hafiz (1930-2000) (personal name)","Allen, Mel (born Melvin Allen Israel) (1913-1996) (personal name)","Arnall, Ellis Gibbs (1907-1992) (personal name)","Bartlett, Marcus (1910-2009) (personal name)","Berle, Milton (born Mendel Berlinger) (1908-2002) (personal name)","Broun Jr., Heywood Campbell (1888-1939) (personal name)","Brown, Lee Patrick (b. 1937) (personal name)","Bryan, William Wright (1905-1991) (personal name)","Caplan, Libby Jeanne Israel (1911-2003) (personal name)","Carter Jr., James Earl “Jimmy” (b. 1924) (personal name)","Clement, Rufus Early (1900-1967) (personal name)","Cooper, Jerry (b. 1930) (personal name)","Cox, James Monroe (1870-1957) (personal name)","Crandall, Bradley (born Robert Lee Bradley) (1927-1991) (personal name)","Davis, Elmer Holmes (1890-1958) (personal name)","Dulles, John Foster (1888-1959) (personal name)","Evans, Robert “Bob” (1930-2017) (personal name)","Eisenhower, Dwight David (1890-1969) (personal name)","Eizenstat, Stuart Elliott (b. 1943) (personal name)","Falwell Sr., Jerry Lamon (1933-2007) (personal name)","Fields, Edward Reed (b. 1932) (personal name)","Fort, Randolph L. (1909-1962) (personal name)","Frank, Leo Max (1884-1915) (personal name)","Heald, Don Elliot (1922-2009) (personal name)","Heatter, Gabriel (1890-1972) (personal name)","Hitler, Adolf (1889-1945) (personal name)","Humphrey Jr., Hubert Horatio (1911-1978) (personal name)","Israel, Frank (Don Frank) (1912-1962) (personal name)","Israel, Samuel (1885-1967) (personal name)","Jackson Jr., Maynard Holbrook (1938-2003) (personal name)","Johnson, Lyndon Baines (1908-1973) (personal name)","Jones, Joseph W. (1912-2005) (personal name)","Jordan, Hamilton (1944-2008) (personal name)","Kaler, Irving Kohlman (1919-1986) (personal name)","Kaler, Sylvia Kanter (1931-2018) (personal name)","Kaltenborn, Hans von (1878-1965) (personal name)","King Sr., Martin Luther (1899-1984) (personal name)","King, Jr., Martin Luther (1929-1968) (personal name)","Kohl, Helmut Josef Michael (1930-2017) (personal name)","Lewengrub, Stuart (1937-1995) (personal name)","Lippmann, Walter (1889-1974) (personal name)","Lowenstein Wertheim-Freudenberg, Hubertus von (1906-1984) (personal name)","Maddox Sr., Lester Garfield (1915-2003) (personal name)","Massell Jr., Samuel A. (1927-2022) (personal name)","Mays, Benjamin Elijah (1894-1984) (personal name)","McGill, Ralph Emerson (1898-1969) (personal name)","Murphy, John Reginald (b. 1933) (personal name)","Murrow, ​​Edward Roscoe (born Egbert Roscoe Murrow) (1908-1965) (personal name)","Napper, George (1939-2020) (personal name)","Nasser Hussein, Gamal Abdel (1918-1970) (personal name)","Parks, Bert (born Bertram Jacobson, 1914-1992) (personal name)","Pollock, Robert Mason (1917-2016) (personal name)","Powell, Jr., Joseph Lester \"Jody\" (1943-2009) (personal name)","Reagan, Ronald Wilson (1911-2004) (personal name)","Reinsch, James Leonard (1908-1991) (personal name)","Roosevelt, Franklin Delano (1882-1945) (personal name)","Rosenwald, Lessing Julius (1891-1979) (personal name)","Rothschild, Rabbi Jacob Mortimer \"Jack\" (1911-1973) (personal name)","Russell Jr., Richard Brevard (1897-1971) (personal name)","Sadat, Muhammad Anwar El (1918-1981) (personal name)","Salomon, Haym (born Chaim Salomon) (1740-1785) (personal name)","Stoner, Jesse Benjamin (1924-2005) (personal name)","Thompson, Dorothy Celene (1893-1961) (personal name)","Van Cantfort, Judy Gaulden (1934-2016) (personal name)","Woodruff, Robert Winship (1889-1985) (personal name)","Wittenstein, Charles (1928-2013) (personal name)","Wynn, Ed (born Isaiah Edwin Leopold) (1886-1966) (personal name)","Young, Andrew Jackson (b. 1932) (personal name)","Agnes Scott College (corporate name)","American Council for Judaism (ACJ) (corporate name)","American Jewish Committee (AJC) (corporate name)","American Jewish Congress (corporate name)","Anti-Defamation League (ADL) (corporate name)","Associated Press (corporate name)","Atlanta Biltmore Hotel (corporate name)","Atlanta Gas Light Company (AGLC) (corporate name)","Atlanta Journal-Constitution (AJC) (corporate name)","Atlanta University (corporate name)","Auburn University (corporate name)","Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks (corporate name)","Birmingham News (corporate name)","Birmingham Post-Herald (corporate name)","Blocton Enterprise (corporate name)","B'nai B'rith International (corporate name)","CBS (Columbia Broadcasting Company) (corporate name)","Cox Broadcasting Corporation (corporate name)","Emory University (corporate name)","Federal Communications Commission (FCC) (corporate name)","Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) (corporate name)","First National Bank of Atlanta (corporate name)","Free and Accepted Order of Masons (corporate name)","Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta (corporate name)","KDKA Radio Station (corporate name)","KMOX Radio Station (corporate name)","Marietta Daily Journal (corporate name)","Morehouse College (corporate name)","NBC (National Broadcasting Company) (corporate name)","Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) (corporate name)","Paley Center for Media (The Museum of Television \u0026amp; Radio) (corporate name)","Southern Israelite (The Atlanta Jewish Times) (corporate name)","TBS (corporate name)","The Temple (corporate name)","The Thunderbolt (corporate name)","United Nations (UN) (corporate name)","University of Alabama (corporate name)","University of Georgia (corporate name)","United Press (UP) (corporate name)","WAPI Radio Station (corporate name)","WCAU Radio Station (corporate name)","WCCO Radio Station (corporate name)","WGST Radio Station (corporate name)","William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum (corporate name)","WJRD Radio Station (corporate name)","WPEN Radio Station (corporate name)","WSB Radio Station (corporate name)","WSB-TV (corporate name)","WWL Radio Station (corporate name)","Berlin, Germany (geographic term)","Birmingham, Alabama (geographic term)","Bitburg, Germany (geographic term)","Bitburg Kolmeshöhe Military Cemetery (geographic term)","Cairo, Egypt (geographic term)","Fort McPherson (geographic term)","Fort Worth, Texas (geographic term)","Israel (geographic term)","Jerusalem (geographic term)","Kobryn, Belarus (geographic term)","Maxwell Air Force Base (geographic term)","Montgomery, Alabama (geographic term)","New Orleans, Louisiana (geographic term)","Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (geographic term)","Touro Synagogue (geographic term)","Tuscaloosa, Alabama (geographic term)","Washington, D.C. (geographic term)","West Blocton, Alabama (geographic term)","Wilbur Wright Field (geographic term)","American Civil Rights Movement (topical term)","Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) (topical term)","Camp David Accords (topical term)","Civil Rights Act (PL 88-352) (topical term)","Zionism (topical term)","Armistice Day (named event)","The Great Depression (named event)","Hanukkah (named event)","High Holy Days (named event)","Hijacking of Trans World Airlines Flight 847 (named event)","The Holocaust (named event)","Korean War (named event)","Pesach (named event)","Purim (named event)","Rosh HaShanah (named event)","Six-Day War (named event)","Suez War (named event)","Wall Street Crash of 1929 (named event)","World War I (named event)","World War II (named event)","Yahrzeit (named event)","Yom Kippur (named event)","Yom Kippur War (named event)","1982 Lebanon War (named event)","bar mitzvah (chronological term)","Abe Goldstein Human Relations Award (other)","George Foster Peabody Award (other)","Happiness is Worth the Effort (other)","Kosher (other)","The Ku Klux Klan (other)","Moral Majority (other)","Opportunities in Broadcasting (other)","Orthodox Judaism (other)","Ponce de Leon (Train) (other)","Radio Station Management (other)","Reform Judaism (other)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eElmo Ellis was interviewed by Robert Evans on March 19, April 27, June 27, and July 1, 1985,\u0026nbsp; in Atlanta, Georgia.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eElmo Israel was born in Birmingham, Alabama. He is the youngest of three children born to Samuel Israel and Bertha [Seletz] Israel. Elmo was raised in West Blocton, a small town with a small Jewish population. Elmo\u0026rsquo;s father owned a merchandise store and despite living through the Great Depression, Elmo had a comfortable childhood. His father was very active in civic duties and organizations in their community.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eElmo played football in high school and attended the University of Alabama where he discovered his interest in journalism and broadcasting at the university\u0026rsquo;s News Bureau. By the time Elmo was a senior in college, he was editor of the school magazine and co-editor of the school newspaper. After graduating, Elmo was hired by WSB in Atlanta where he launched his broadcast career in 1940 and adopted his professional name, Elmo Ellis.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eDuring World War II, Elmo served in the U.S. Air Force and wrote and produced radio programs for the military. While in the service, Elmo met and married his wife, Ruth [Ballinger] Ellis. Together they would have two children, Janet and William Bryan.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAfter the war ended, Elmo worked in New York City for a year and a half. Elmo returned to Atlanta, rejoining WSB and receiving his Master\u0026rsquo;s degree from Emory University in 1948. Back at WSB, Elmo worked in radio before he began working in the fledgling television industry for WSB-TV. He worked in this role until 1952, when he was asked to revive WSB Radio. Elmo was successful in revitalizing WSB Radio and produced numerous programs. In 1964, Elmo became General Manager of WSB-AM and WSB-FM and was later promoted to Vice President of the Cox Broadcasting Corporation. Elmo retired in 1982, continuing to work on a freelance basis, authoring books and newspaper columns.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eElmo served the Jewish community and general community through numerous endeavors and organizations, very notably in the radio and broadcasting field. He was the founder of the Elmo Ellis Professional-in-Residence Endowed Fund at the University of Alabama and received an Honorary Doctorate from Oglethorpe University. He served in leadership roles in the Anti-Defamation League (ADL), including Past-Chairman, S.E. Region Advisory Board, and Life Member National Advisory Commission.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHe received numerous awards and honors including the Peabody Award, a U.S. Presidential Commendation, 12 additional Freedom's Foundation medals, the ADL Abe Goldstein Human Relations Award, Distinguished Alumni Awards from Emory and the University of Alabama, and Elmo was inducted into the Georgia Radio Hall of Fame in 2007. The Elmo Ellis Spirit Award is given in his honor by the Georgia Radio Hall of Fame to recognize Georgia radio professionals who have made contributions to the industry. Elmo passed away in 2005 and is buried at Arlington Memorial Park in Sandy Springs, Georgia.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe interview focuses on Elmo\u0026rsquo;s childhood, broadcasting career, and the influence of his Jewish faith and heritage on his life. Elmo recounts his early childhood growing up in West Blocton, Alabama. He shares about his sister and where she is living. He discusses anglicizing his last name when he began his broadcasting career and his family\u0026rsquo;s reaction. He shares how his family came to America from an area in Eastern Europe. Elmo describes what it was like growing up in a small Southern town with a very small Jewish population during the Great Depression. He recalls a fire that destroyed his father\u0026rsquo;s merchandise store and his father\u0026rsquo;s illness that eventually cost his eyesight. Elmo details his home life growing up and the comfortable childhood his parents had ensured for their children.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eElmo reflects on the influence of Judaism on his upbringing and what it was like growing up in a town with so few other Jewish people. Elmo reminisces on celebrating the Jewish holidays growing up and his memories of the food his family would make. Elmo shares further about his brother and his father\u0026rsquo;s business. Elmo then reflects on segregation in the South and what he recalls about it from his childhood. Elmo expresses that West Blocton was a coal mining town and black and white people were in unions together and Elmo thinks this may have helped relations.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eElmo recalls his first memories of listening to the radio, discussing hateful rhetoric aimed at the U.S. Presidential candidate Al Smith, who was catholic. He reflects on his exposure to radio and newspapers during his childhood and how this may have influenced his later career. Elmo describes how he was aware of being Jewish growing up but mentioned how he assimilated with other kids his age, including playing football. He describes his experience in high school. Elmo shares about his college experience and his first job, which was a National Youth Administration job. He talks about working at the University of Alabama library before being transferred to the University News Bureau. He describes working there throughout college and being promoted.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eElmo recounts his father\u0026rsquo;s interaction with the Ku Klux Klan when giving a eulogy for a community member who was also a Klansman. He discusses antisemitic experiences and expresses anger over President Reagan\u0026rsquo;s visit to West Germany to visit a cemetery where Schutzstaffel officers were buried. At the time of this interview, the former President had not yet made the visit and Elmo expressed frustration at people treating the situation as a \u0026ldquo;Jewish problem\u0026rdquo; when it affected non-Jewish U.S. soldiers as well. Elmo shares his experience visiting Munich, Germany, and Dachau concentration camp, he mentions the negative experiences he had while interacting with local Germans and their insistence that Dachau was just a detention camp.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eElmo again discusses his experiences in high school, particularly his family\u0026rsquo;s disapproval of dating non-Jewish girls. Elmo also again reflects on the presence of the KKK in his community and the growing threat of Nazism. Elmo discusses what it was like to attend college during the Great Depression. Elmo talks about his relationship with his parents and how they felt about him pursuing journalism, and how his opinions meshed with his family\u0026rsquo;s. Elmo shares about his father and how he supported his children.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eElmo talks about searching for a job after graduating college and being hired by WSB in Atlanta. He then goes back to reflect further on his relationship with his parents and their support of his decisions. Elmo discusses his interest in journalism and why he chose to study it while in college. He details his experience being hired by WSB and being the first Jewish person hired by the station. He recounts his early role models in the industry and the influence they had on him. Elmo shares about briefly working in New York. He talks about his college professor, Randy Fort, and how he helped influence his career and opportunities. He mentions his first experiences with writing and being on radio, and his early experiences with WSB.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eElmo reflects on finishing college during a turbulent time, as the Great Depression ended and World War II began. Elmo shares a story about Prince Hubertus zu Loewenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg coming to speak at his university, having left Germany to warn about the rise of Hitlerism. Elmo mentions that many of his family members who remained in Europe were killed during the Holocaust. Elmo shares in detail his experience serving in the U.S. Army during WWII, particularly his experience with a Major who was very religious and imposed this on Elmo. He shares a similar experience with an elementary school teacher who wanted to convert him. He describes his journalism career while in service, and the weekly program he created called \u0026ldquo;Reveille in Dixie.\u0026rdquo;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eElmo discusses his early years at WSB and Cox Broadcasting, he shares that he was hired as the public relations director. Elmo provides further detail on his broadcasting career while in the military, and mentions attending officer's candidate school. Elmo shares that he finished his military career at Wright Field in Ohio, and was in charge of radio for the Air Technical Service Command. Elmo talks about moving from radio to television and pioneering the field by writing and producing the first TV newscasts ever done in Atlanta and writing and producing many of the first TV commercials on a freelance basis. He shares his responsibilities working for the TV station as a production manager.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;Elmo details moving from television back to radio in 1952 when he was asked by WSB to help revitalize the station. Elmo shares that he stayed with WSB and Cox Broadcasting until his retirement in 1981 and through the years he became vice president and general manager of WSB AM and FM operations. Elmo shares about other television productions he worked on for WSB. Elmo discusses in detail his transition from television to radio, what it was like, and what he did. He mentions audience engagement and how audience engagement was measured in that era. Elmo talks about WSB's success in comparison to other popular radio stations during that time, including WWL, KDKA, KMOX, and WCCO. Elmo discusses his management style and hiring people to work for him at WSB, and how this was important to WSB\u0026rsquo;s longevity. Elmo reflects on his interest in being on the radio and writing programming.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;Elmo shares about his relationship with other figures in the broadcasting industry, including co-authoring books with Leonard Reinsch. Elmo is asked about incorporating Jewish topics into his programming, he shares about helping write the history of the Temple and writing articles for the Southern Israelite. Elmo reflects on the ephemeral nature of radio and trying to preserve broadcasts. Elmo reflects on radio presently, in the late 1980\u0026rsquo;s, and how television has overshadowed radio because radio does not provide breaking news as quickly as TV.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;Elmo expresses his feelings about being a pioneer in the industry as a Jewish broadcaster and discusses how being a Jewish person in broadcasting affected him. He shares about using his platform to spotlight race relations and civil rights in his broadcasting. He mentions community responses to this programming, some negative. He shares that he had received a death threat and it was investigated by the FBI. Elmo discusses the sympathies and feelings he shared with the black community, being Jewish. Elmo shares an antisemitic experience he had while serving in the military in Texas. He talks about black staff working at WSB and how desegregation impacted this. Elmo speaks about political races and how WSB interacted with political candidates in giving them airtime. He mentions the gubernatorial election of Lester Maddox and Ellis Arnall in particular.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;Elmo discusses Israeli statehood and visiting Israel in 1972. He shares a story about going through security on his way to Israel and being looked upon fondly because of his name. He talks about Zionism and how he feels it has become especially important following WWII. Elmo shares his thoughts about the wars Israel engaged in from the 1950\u0026rsquo;s to the 1970\u0026rsquo;s. Elmo next discusses black-Jewish relations and how religion can be a unifying and divisive factor.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;Elmo discusses WSB programming further, including sharing programs he helped create to celebrate the bicentennial celebration of America. Elmo talks about two programs he helped create to honor notable Georgians, including \u0026lsquo;Great Americans, Great Georgians\u0026rsquo; and the \u0026lsquo;Shining Light\u0026rsquo; series. Elmo reminisces on his interactions with Robert W. Woodruff, including awarding him the Anti-Defamation League award and the Abe Goldstein Human Relations Award. Elmo shares about other relationships he has fostered with Georgia political leaders, including Senator Richard Russell whom Elmo traveled with and advised. Elmo talks about former President Jimmy Carter and his thoughts on Carter\u0026rsquo;s policies regarding Israel and the Middle East. Elmo reflects on the Camp David Accords.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;Elmo is asked about winning the Peabody Award and talks about the programming and writing that earned him that award. Elmo shares what he is working on now that he has retired, he talks about the radio programs he continues to maintain and the columns he writes in the Marietta Daily Journal. Elmo reflects on growing older and his health, he is asked about his exercise routines and eating habits. He discusses his work schedule since having retired, continuing to write, and being an active community member through his work. Elmo reflects back on the election of Atlanta mayor when Sam Massell, a Jewish man, ran against Maynard Jack\u0026shy;son, a black man. Elmo shares his involvement with the Anti-Defamation League, including chairing the Southeast regional board and being on the National Commissions of ADL.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;Elmo discusses his relationship with other members of President Jimmy Carter\u0026rsquo;s staff, Hamilton Jordan and Jody Powell. Elmo talks about his cousin Irving Kaler who had recently passed away, Irving was the first chairman of the Atlanta Community Commission and Elmo was an advisor. He remembers his cousin, Irving, and discusses giving the eulogy at his funeral. Elmo mentions that his eulogy earned a very positive response from Irving\u0026rsquo;s immediate family. The interview concludes with Elmo expressing his thoughts on the importance of appreciating one\u0026rsquo;s parents and showing the elderly that they are valued, something he feels is lacking in society.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Ellis__Elmo.mp3"]},"duration":28619.25878,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/222/542/original/Ellis__Elmo.mp3?1704161404","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":28619.25878,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Ellis, Elmo [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"EVANS: Why don't you slate the top of this, since you're in the business and\nknow what that means.\n\nELLIS: All right. How much ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do you want on the slate? This is Elmo Ellis, and I'm\ntalking with Bob Evans about my life.\n\nEVANS: All right, let's begin at the beginning.\n\nELLIS: I was born in Birmingham, Alabama, November 11, 1918. That always gave a\nspecial significance to my birthday because it was actually Armistice Day. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The\nvery day on which World War I came to an end, I grew up thinking of myself as\nbeing someone a little bit different; distinctive, and it was . . . My birthday\nhad significance for other people too because they were celebrating it . . . not\nfor the same reason that I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was, but on the same date. I was the last of three\nchildren. The eldest was my sister, Libby Jeanne, who is still alive. My brother\nFrank, who is dead, and myself.\n\nEVANS: Where are they today? What do they do?\n\nELLIS: My sister, Libby Jean, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is married to a Dr. Bernard Caplan, and they live\nin Elkins Park, Pennsylvania, a suburb of Philadelphia [Pennsylvania]. He is\nretired now. My birthplace was Birmingham, Alabama, but I was reared in a small\ntown about 40 miles from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there, called West Blocton, West B-L-O-C-T-O-N. A coal\nmining town. My father was in business there, a merchant in that town. His\nfather before him, also had been a merchant there. I will go into some more\ndetail about that. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The family name is Israel. My name, Elmo Ellis, is a\nlegalized change of name. An interesting thing about that, too, the change of\nname came about long before I legally changed it, because I was in broadcasting,\nand at the time, when I entered broadcasting, anyone with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an obviously Semitic\nname, or, in most cases, a foreign sounding name, was advised to adopt a 'radio'\nname, which would be more of a typical Anglo-Saxon moniker.\n\nEVANS: Was that Southern, or was it nationwide?\n\nELLIS: Pretty much nationwide. A first ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cousin of mine, Mel Allen, was also an\nIsrael. When he went to CBS in 1936, he was . . . As a matter of fact, I believe\nhe . . . yes, that was the time when he changed his name to Mel Allen. He, in\nhis case, adopted a . . . I think his mother's name for his ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"name. In my case,\nwhen I was asked to adopt a radio name, when I came to work for WSB, I chose the\nname of Ellis. I didn't have a middle name. I was just Elmo Israel. I didn't\nhave a middle name, and I chose the name Ellis without really knowing why I did.\nBut I sometimes ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"believe fate plays a hand in this because I found out later that\nEllis is an anglicized name, or version, of the same Hebrew name of Israel. In\nother words, the names Elias and Elijah are derived from the same source as the\nname, Israel.\n\nEVANS: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When you first changed your name, what was your family reaction to it?\n\nELLIS: The change of name was only on the air, originally, there was no\nparticular reaction to it. It was accepted sort of as a fact of life and there\nhad already, as I said, been precedent for it because the cousin had adopted a\nradio name. My brother Frank had preceded me into broadcasting, and he also had\na ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"radio name. He was known as Don Frank . . . It was commonly understood and\naccepted because, in show business, you generally had names. The rare exceptions\nwere people like Eddie Cantor, but most of them . . . Jack Benny, I believe was\nKubelsky or something of that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sort. What's his name? George . . . The old time\nman who is still going?\n\nEVANS: George Burns.\n\nELLIS: George Burns. There again, is an adopted name. It was just an accepted\nthing to do.\n\nEVANS: Come back to childhood and your memories of that and your parents.\n\nELLIS: Right. We were a very close, loving family. My ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"father, as l say, was a\nproduct, pretty much, of the area in which I grew up. He was brought by his\nfather, and the entire family, from Europe, when he was just a very small child.\nNearly all of his memories and his life experiences were in that small town. My\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mother came to this country a little later and spent her first years in this\ncountry in the Philadelphia area.\n\nEVANS: Do you recall the antecedents? Where in Europe they came from?\n\nELLIS: The area was . . . One of the towns . . . In fact, one thing I did bring\ndown with me this morning, to refresh my memory . . . is a family tree that was\ndrawn up ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in recent years. She was unable to talk with some of the older, more\nknowledgeable relatives who have already passed on, and that's regrettable. But\nshe traced it back several generations. There was a Zavel Israel who came from\nKobryn, or lived in Kobryn, in the early ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1800's.\n\nEVANS: Kobryn is where?\n\nELLIS: Kobryn is now in Russian territory, but -- It's very near the Polish\nborder. It's very difficult sometimes when you start talking about where did\nyour folks come from. If they came from the Russo-Poland ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"area, and it was near\nthe area where it was constantly in dispute, sometimes you never knew, unless\nyou go back and check a particular decade . . . You won't know for sure whether\nit was under Russian control or Polish control, or the control of some other\noccupying power. But in any case, that particular area ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is now part of Russia.\n\nEVANS: Do you recall anything about the circumstances of the family leaving\nEurope and coming to the United States?\n\nELLIS: I don't think there was . . . In the case of my grandfather, Wolf Israel,\nwho was sort of the patriarch of the American clan, so to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"speak . . . I don't\nthink that there was any immediate danger that he was running from so much as\nseeking opportunity. He was already married and had I think several children\nbefore he came to this country. He first made a living ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"peddling. He made his way\nSouthward. he landed eventually in Alabama. As I understand, in trying to decide\nwhere to set up a permanent business, he thought about Birmingham, but\nBirmingham was hardly bigger or more important than West Blocton at that time.\nHe chose West Blocton. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then he, I understand, made several trips back.\nInterestingly enough, on each trip back, he would father another child. The\nfamily ended up with eight children. Only, I believe, two of whom were born in\nthis country. When he came over, he brought his wife and six children.\n\nEVANS: Now, this is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"your grandfather?\n\nELLIS: Right.\n\nEVANS: Which of the eight was your father?\n\nELLIS: My father was the eldest son, but he was preceded by three\n\n daughters.\n\nEVANS: He was number four, first male.\n\nELLIS: Right, yes. There were a total of five daughters and three sons. There's\nonly ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one child of that eight still living. I have an uncle, Oscar, who's in his\neighties, and he was the baby of his generation. He lives in St. Petersburg, Florida.\n\nEVANS: Just to go back and pick up on one detail . . . You told me about your\nsister but not your brother. Where is he living and what is he doing?\n\nELLIS: I mentioned that my brother is not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"living.\n\nEVANS: I'm sorry.\n\nELLIS: Right. He died in Philadelphia, and he worked . . . First, he worked in\nbroadcasting in Birmingham, Alabama and then he worked as a broadcaster in\nPhiladelphia, first for WCAU and later for WPEN, and then he became ill, and\nthis was eventually diagnosed ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as multiple sclerosis, which eventually led to his death.\n\nEVANS: Tell me about your childhood years.\n\nELLIS: It was a small town. A coal mining town, of approximately 1,000 people.\nUp until the time I was about eight or ten years old, most of the commercial\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"buildings in town were wooden structures and the main street, on which all these\nbuildings stood, was similar to what you see in pictures of Western towns in\nWestern movies, today. In fact, there was an old wooden opera house and an old\nwooden hotel with . . . I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"remember, a walkway up to a veranda, to the hotel. My\nfather had one of the few brick buildings in town and the real prosperous days\nin that community I think preceded my birth. My grandfather, whom I mentioned,\nwas one of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"earliest settlers there, and the town, in 1984, celebrated its\ncentennial. My family roots go back about as long as the town itself has existed\n. . . I've learned some things about the community recently ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because of that\ncentennial celebration, a friend of mine went back into the archives in\nMontgomery [Alabama] at the State Capitol, and found out, for instance, that\nthere have been six different newspapers in the history of West Blocton, I only\nknew about one. The paper that existed when I was a kid, was the Blocton\nEnterprise. But there were five others preceding that. They tell ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some\ninteresting things about the town and about my family. About my grandfather. If\nI can, someday, I want to delve more into that and learn more about the things\nthat I was never told but which perhaps are covered in the stories.\n\nEVANS: What sort of business did your grandfather start in West Blocton?\n\nELLIS: When he opened the store, he had dry ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"goods and furniture, and when my\nfather bought the business from him, later, he continued in that same vein. It\nwas a store that . . . In fact, the motto that my father used was \"Quality is\nour watchword.\" It was a quality-type store ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with quality brand name merchandise.\n\nEVANS: His primary market, then, were not the people working in the steel mills\nor the factories.\n\nELLIS: There were no steel mills there, only coal mines. Those were . . . the\ncustomers. In prosperous times they were able to afford good clothing and good\nfurniture. But by the time I came ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"along . . . I was born right at the time that\nWorld War I ended, from then on things really weren't as prosperous, Mines were\nopening closer to Birmingham, there was less and less demand for the coal there.\nBy about 1927 I think it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was, the Tennessee Coal and Iron Company, which is a\nsubsidiary of United States Steel, and owned most of the mines in the West\nBlocton area, they were beginning to close up some of those mines and to use\nthem less, and to utilize the mines that were nearer their iron ore deposits in\nthe Birmingham area. Then, in that same year, of 1927, a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fire destroyed the\nbusiness section of West Blocton. My father rebuilt his store there and other\nmerchants did too, but it started a whole new era in the town, and it came right\nbefore the Depression. The incidents that I associate with my childhood, were\nthat ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fire and the Depression, and the fact that it was a depressed community\nthroughout most of my time there.\n\nEVANS: Were there any traumatic experiences associated with the big fire?\n\nELLIS: Yes. In the case of our own family, my father, among other things, was\nthe chief of the volunteer fire ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"department. When the fire occurred, he fought\nthe fire along with his fellow firemen, until they realized that it was a\nhopeless thing. I remember that our family, the other members of the family, had\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"driven around the fire to get from our home to the store, and Daddy came to the\nstore. You could see the flames moving up toward our part of the business\ndistrict, and we tried to encourage him to let us move some of the merchandise\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out of the store. I don't know whether it was because he had great faith in the\nfact that the building was a brick building, or that he was, perhaps . . . In\nthe heat of July, when this fire occurred, whether he was emotionally really not\nable ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to make a good judgment on it . . . In any case, he said, \"No.\" He just\nlocked the front door, took a box of cigars, he smoked cigars, he put those\nunder his arm. We got into the car and drove off and just left the store there.\nThere was a tar roof on the top of the building, and it wasn't too long before\nit caught fire and the store was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"consumed, like all the other stores in town.\nThe one building that was left . . . It was burned, but the walls of which were\nstrong enough that they were able to rebuild it, was the Masonic Temple, which\nwas right at the very edge of the business district.\n\nEVANS: What was the impact on your father of the loss of his store?\n\nELLIS: He had to borrow money ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to rebuild and to stock his store because in a\ntown where all the stores were wooden buildings and you had an inadequate fire\nprotection system, you couldn't get insurance. He had to borrow money to start\nhis business over again, and it wasn't too long after that that the Depression\ncame. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He had a great struggle to keep his head financially above water. Then, on\ntop of that, in about the time . . . Shortly after the Depression set in, my\ngrandfather died and my father was named executor of his estate, being the\neldest son. My grandfather had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"put most of his life earnings into real estate.\nReal estate became one of the worst things in the world to have during the\nDepression, because you couldn't sell it, you couldn't rent it, and you couldn't\nraise money to pay the taxes on it. Enormous amounts of real estate were just\nturned over to the government, because people ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"couldn't afford to pay the taxes\non it. My dad struggled to save that land, and that was added to his own\ntroubles of trying to make a living and take care of his family. I think,\nperhaps, this was a big factor in his becoming ill ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in 1932, I believe it was.\nYou see how these things came in succession. I often think of my father's life\nbeing similar to Gob's, because he endured a succession of calamities, really.\nMy father became ill and developed a very high fever ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and was taken to the\nhospital. The hospital was afraid he might have something that was infectious\nand wouldn't admit him, and my father's brother . . . I mentioned Mel Allen . .\n. His father was Julius. My father was Sam, Samuel. Julius was living in\nBirmingham, and he and his ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wife, my aunt Annie [sp], took my dad into their\nhome, as a patient. He hovered between life and death for several weeks there,\nwhile my mother ministered to him. He eventually recovered but not without some\nlasting after effects. The tremendous fever that he had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"endured affected his\neyesight, and eventually he became almost totally blind.\n\nEVANS: Do you recall the impact on you, growing up, of this period?\n\nELLIS: Bob, I think that things like this have a cumulative effect that you can\nunderstand a little better as you look back on them than you could at the time\nyou were going through them.\n\nEVANS: Sure.\n\nELLIS: Because kids adjust to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whatever their circumstances are . . . My father\nhad always been a very active, a very proud person. I think you can relate to my\nfather and his relationship to the community, because I judge, from what I know\nabout your family, that there was a similar relationship of your family to your\ncommunity. In many ways, it was typical ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the leading Jewish citizen in the\ncommunity. That was the role that my father had. During his time, he was exalted\nruler of the Elks. He was the worshipful master of the Masonic Lodge. You name\nit. He was on the city council; he was the chief of the fire department.\nWhatever had to be done, he pretty well did it in the town. He managed to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"remain\nactive even after this terrible illness. Incidentally, they didn't even know a\nname . . . The doctors didn't know a name to give his illness. They called it\n'erythema multiformus,' which can roughly be translated to mean, a multiple\nforms of disease. But we know that my dad did have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some allergies, he\nparticularly sensitive to dust. On the day that he became ill, he said he had\nbeen dusting some boxes of shoes, and he came home that night . . . I think he\nwent to the [Masonic] Lodge after supper. He said he had some difficulty there,\nin speaking, during the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ceremony that they went through. By the time he came\nhome that night he was coughing, and I think he felt feverish. The next morning,\nhe was quite ill.\n\nEVANS: What happened to the family business during this illness? Who ran it?\n\nELLIS: Business conditions, economic conditions, had become so bad by that time\nanyway, that my sister and my brother, both of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them, had been going to college .\n. . Both at Auburn University . . . A decision had already been made prior to\nthat that my parents could only afford to send one child to college, my brother\nhad finished two years, my sister continued. My brother was at home, and he ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was\nold enough that he was able to sort of look after the business. At that time, he\nwas about 17 or 18. I remember that when my dad was going through the throes of\nthis illness, my brother, every day or two, would drive from West Blocton to\nBirmingham and take Mother whatever money he had been ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"able to ring up on the\ncash register in the store so that she could use it for buying medicine and . .\n. They used great bolts of gauze, just as swabs, for my Dad. That answers the\nquestion of how the business was carrying on.\n\nEVANS: Did he live through the Depression?\n\nELLIS: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes. My dad, when he recovered, returned to his business and he remained\nvery much aware of what was going on, particularly by use of radio and talking\nbooks for the blind. He literally . . . He just worked his way through those\ntalking books by the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hundreds.\n\nEVANS: Did that have a later influence on your choice of career?\n\nELLIS: I'm not sure that had any . . . I haven't thought about that as being any\nparticular relationship. But you asked earlier about the effect of all this on\nme. I'm sure that . . . [interview pauses, then resumes] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Depression itself\nwas a frightening thing. I saw lines of unemployed miners in my town as early as\nthe 1929. This was before the stock market collapsed. 1928 or 1929 I think it\nwas, lining up to receive sacks ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of flour and tins of lard, which was all that\nthey had to eat. Because by that time many of them, if they were employed at\nall, were working one day a week for a dollar a day, that sort of thing. Things\nhad already gotten bad in our town before the stock market ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"collapsed. By the\ntime I was . . . Later when my father was ill, I tried in my small way to be\nhelpful, I had a magazine route. I sold Liberty and Physical Culture and True\nStory ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"magazines. I would make sometimes 35, 40, 50 cents a week, and I would\noffer that to my parents, as my contribution.\n\nEVANS: Elmo, come back and describe your mother and your father. What kind of\npeople were they? What kind of home do you recall?\n\nELLIS: My mother was . . . Both ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were . . . They were very, very devoted to one\nanother and to their children. We never felt any lack of love. We revered and\nstill do revere the memory of . . . When I say \"we,\" I mean my sister and I\nboth. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My father was a big man physically, and that added to the awe with which I\nthink we, as children, held him. Our mother was very physically affectionate; we\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were a hugging, kissing-type family. That was a very important thing in our\nupbringing, and I guess it's important in my memories of my childhood. That did\na great deal, I think, to soften the blows of living through the kinds of times\nthat I have described for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you. My parents managed to maintain a comfortable home\nand a home in which there was always plenty of food to eat, and we were well\nclothed . . . I've described the Depression as a terrible ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time . . . one way or\nanother our parents saw to it that we didn't really suffer, although we went\nthrough that Depression.\n\nEVANS: What sort of man was your father?\n\nELLIS: A person of extremely high principals. He believed, I guess more than\nanything else, in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"importance of preserving your integrity, of your name and\nyour reputation. That has had a tremendous effect on me. I'm a great moralizer\nin the broadcasts that I do. I know that I am echoing the philosophy that was\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bred in me, just by being my father's son. Nowadays, for instance, when\nbusinesses get into trouble, it's very common for them to declare bankruptcy.\nThey do it without any shame. They say, \"That's a legal option and I'll take\nadvantage of it.\" To my father, that would have been the most frightening,\ndegrading thing in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"world. I think if he had ever been forced to do that, it\nwould have destroyed him. He had tremendous pride. Both my mother and father\ntoo, I never remember them openly talking about other ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people. I never really\nlearned the gossip in my small town that I think lot of other kids learned in\ntheir homes. Because my parents never talked about other people, in a derogatory\nsense, in our presence. They were very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"respectful. My mother was very much of a\nhomebody. Whereas Daddy was always active in various types of lodges and civic\nactivities, Mother concentrated on the home and the family, and raising\nbeautiful flowers . . .\n\nEVANS: Were there any other . . . Now, with the benefits of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hindsight . . .\nParticular values or attitudes that you think either your mother or your father\ngave you? You mentioned specifically that you were a moralizer from his being so\nhigh principled. Any other . . .\n\nELLIS: Honesty, charity . . . The obligation of being charitable. About the age\nof five or six, with three ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other youngsters, I organized a little club called\n'the Lucky Four Club.' Two of these . . . Two of the others were cousins, and\none was a next door neighbor. Every Saturday morning, we would meet, and each\nwould bring a nickel, and the nickel would go into the charity fund . . .\n\nEVANS: At what age?\n\nELLIS: This was the age of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"five. Five or six. When we collected approximately\n$5, we sent it to a Jewish orphans' home in New Orleans [Louisiana]. I guess it\nwas the nearest orphans' home that we knew about or that our parents told us\nabout. But at that very early age we were being taught that doing for others was\nour responsibility, even though we were little children ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ourselves. I grew up\nwith accepting, without question, the importance of my being a contributor to\ncharitable causes. I also grew up, of course, with an awareness of my Jewish\nheritage. There's a lot of joking about American kids learning most of their\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Judaism through the food that they eat. I suppose to a considerable extent that\nwas true in my household, too. My mother tried to keep kosher in this small\ntown, and that in itself was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"distinctive thing. It wasn't easy, I can tell\nyou, in the earlier days, because the drive, even from West Blocton to\nBirmingham, when I was a little kid, was over dirt roads. They later got paved\nroads. Bringing back, fresh meat or fresh fish in the hot summertime meant that\nyou had to try to pack it in ice and hurry home as quickly as you could. Then\nyou had to try to preserve it once you got it home, too. The coming of electric\nrefrigeration and paved roads and things like that simplified ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that. We had a\nsynagogue in that little town, which is an interesting thing. It was started in\n1904. My father was the first secretary of the synagogue. I have the original\nby-laws, written in his handwriting. Although it's a little bit moth eaten now,\nI keep it, and I'll someday turn it over to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a Jewish museum probably, somewhere.\nMy grandfather was one of the original trustees, along with my father, and they\nused to have, of course, regular sabbath services. For a short while, they had a\nreligious school for the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children. They did not have that by the time I came\nalong. That's the reason I said a lot of things about the heyday of the town\nreally preceded my time. By the time I was aware of being a member of the Jewish\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"community in West Blocton, we were having services only on High Holy Days. The\nJewish community had dwindled to the extent that we had to import some people to\nmake a minyan. There weren't ten adult males in the town. We would go to the\nUniversity of Alabama and invite ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"several students to come over.\n\nEVANS: When you were thirteen were you bar mitzvahed?\n\nELLIS: No.\n\nEVANS: Did you ever study any Hebrew growing up?\n\nELLIS: No. Never had the benefit of any formal religious education or training.\n\nEVANS: Were there any young people your age, Jewish? Any Jewish youth that you\nwere friends with or had activities with?\n\nELLIS: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At various times . . . I'm trying to remember . . . When I first started\nschool, in the first grade, I think there were still about five Jewish families\nin the town. By the time I finished High School there were probably only two. I\nbelieve I was the only Jewish student ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the high school when I graduated from\nit. You could see how the dwindling had taken place. Interestingly enough,\nthough, when my grandfather lived there, which I only know about from what I was\ntold, there were as many as 30 Jewish families in this little town. He was\ninstrumental in bringing a great many of them there, attracting a great many of\nthem ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there. A number of them were related to our family in various ways. Once my\ngrandfather got settled, he played a big part in bringing over a great many\nother relatives. He had brothers and sisters himself, and he brought them over\nto this country, it was natural that their first stopping point would be this\nlittle town, West Blocton in Alabama.\n\nEVANS: Then they moved on?\n\nELLIS: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, of course. They moved on to other communities, to other cities.\n\nEVANS: With no Jewish girls in high school, when you became the age of getting\ninterested in girls, what did your mother say about going out with non-Jewish\ngirls? Was there friction?\n\nELLIS: No. I didn't create any friction. I didn't really go out that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much. I\nwent to parties, but I didn't really have any steady girlfriends. My brother did\ndate some, and it did frighten my parents. They . . . I'm sure they exaggerated\nit, because once he had . . . I guess when he dated a girl several times, they\nbegan to feel, \"Maybe this is getting serious.\" I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"recall their talking with him\nabout a particular girl that he was interested in as a high school student. I'm\nsure it was just a typical high school crush, but they were so afraid that it\nmight go beyond that they talked to him at great length about it. I think they\nhad the typical Jewish parents' concern of that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"era. I felt . . . I'm sure I was\ninfluenced by seeing and hearing the discussions that went on with my brother,\nthat I would not create that problem for my parents.\n\nEVANS: What about your sister?\n\nELLIS: She also had her high school friends, but never had any steady date, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in\nhigh school. In a small town like that, when someone would have a birthday party\nor a . . . If you would have a holiday event around holidays, around Christmas\nor Thanksgiving or whenever it might be, that someone would have occasion to\nhave a party, most of the . . . if not all . . . the members of your class\nalways were invited.\n\nEVANS: You mentioned your father was very active in local ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"organizations. Do you\nrecall any kind of involvement with Jewish organizations?\n\nELLIS: My father's involvement? He always belonged to B'nai B'rith. He\nmaintained affiliation with a synagogue, an Orthodox synagogue in Birmingham, as\nwell as the synagogue that we had in West Blocton. He would go to Birmingham ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for\nyahrzeit for his mother and father, after their deaths. I think it's distinctly\npossible that if we had not had this combination of the Depression and his\nillness, that my parents probably would have worked out some way of getting\ntheir ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children to Birmingham for some religious schooling, but it really wasn't\ntoo easy to do by the time we came along to the age where we would have given\nthat serious thought. I really started learning about Judaism from an\neducational standpoint when I went to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"college. I took some courses in Jewish\nhistory and Jewish philosophy, at the University of Alabama, and I was active in\nthe Hillel Foundation at the University of Alabama.\n\nEVANS: Because of the later prominence that race and civil rights came to have,\neven in a Jewish context, I'm curious if back in your childhood years, you\nrecall anything of racial experience.\n\nELLIS: Yes, I recall that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was always very sensitive about the degradation and\nthe discrimination suffered by blacks. I was always aware that although I was\nJewish, and I was supposed to be an object of some discrimination, that was\nnever really a serious problem in our town. It only surfaced on occasion when a\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"playmate would get angry with you. He might then say something offensive. Then\nfor a short while you would be labeled a \"dirty Jew\" or whatever epithet he\nwanted to use. But this was always short lived in your relationship with that\nindividual. I only recall that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"happening about three or four times. I recall two\nfights that I was involved in where slurs were hurled.\n\nEVANS: Any recollections of Christmas or Easter in terms of your being a Jew?\n\nELLIS: It ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a matter of some concern to me as a child, a small child, simply\nin the fact that my playmates looked forward to Santa Claus, and of course we\ndidn't have Santa Claus and we didn't have a Christmas tree or Christmas\nornamentation in our house. But my daddy had a store ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which was decorated with\nChristmas ornamentation, and it was full of toys at Christmas time, which he\nsold to other kids. I would always, on Christmas Eve, which, incidentally, was\nalways . . . Saturdays were always a big selling day of the week and the day or\ntwo before Christmas was always a big selling time in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"year . . .\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ELLIS: A ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"large number of families apparently would wait until very late to buy\npresents for their children. Christmas Eve itself was a busy sales time. But\nwhen it would come time to close the store on Christmas Eve night, I would\nalready have had my eye on something that I wanted, whether it would be a\nscooter or a pair of skates or something, and I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would ask my dad for it. He had\nsome reluctance about giving it to me at that time because it would be\nassociated with Christmas. But Dad was a very generous person, generally, and\nwould have given the gift to me at another time, I think, without question. But\nthe fact that I wanted it at that time, I think bothered him. However, it was\nimportant to me to have it because I knew I was going to have to go back to\nschool and other kids were going to say, \"What did you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"get?\" I didn't want to\nhave to say, \"I didn't get anything.\" My mother was sympathetic to my concerns,\nand I usually always managed to get one or more gifts I could brag about when my\nplaymates were bragging about something too.\n\nEVANS: There was never Hanukkah?\n\nELLIS: We didn't really celebrate Hanukkah the way I have celebrated it with my\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children. No, apparently it didn't have too much importance with preceding generations.\n\nEVANS: Tell me about memories of other Jewish holidays.\n\nELLIS: Pesach or Passover stands out in memory, because of the abundance of food\nand the preparation that had to be made, and the fact ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that on the day that\nPassover started, the dishes that we normally used, had to be cleared out of the\nway and Passover dishes were brought in, which had always been kept stored away.\n\nEVANS: Did you have other relatives for the Seder?\n\nELLIS: Yes, relatives and as the years went on, people who lived in that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"area\nwhom we knew were Jewish, or who were friends who were Jewish, we would invite\nin . . . For instance, there was a young Jewish doctor who was the company\ndoctor at a coal mine about 15 miles away. He and his wife were invited to join\nus as at Passover time. It was always a very festive ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time.\n\nEVANS: Big Seders?\n\nELLIS: Yes, not unusual for 10 or 12 or more people around the Seder table.\n\nEVANS: You said your mother kept kosher, but for a Seder dinner, was it then\ndifficult to find kosher food? In West Blocton?\n\nELLIS: You didn't find it in West Blocton. You had to bring it from Birmingham.\nOf course, so many of the foods were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"made right there in the kitchen . . . My\nmother made . . . They speak so much nowadays about pasta, and it amuses me when\nI see golden pasta, because I say, \"That's 'lokshen.'\" That was the noodles that\nI've seen my mother make, and she made beautiful rolls and cinnamon rolls . . .\nKichel was the name for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that. So many of the foods . . . She made her own cherry\nwine, and it was delicious, and it tastes very much like Cherry Heering does, if\nyou buy that today. Purim . . . religious wise, I knew nothing about, but food\nwise I did. I knew ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it for the hamantaschen and several other pastries, they were\ndelicious. One pastry that Mother made was called pirozhki and that name . . .\nThere are variations of that. The Russians call it pirozhki, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they put meat\ninto it. My mother put fruits into it, raisins and citron and things of that\nsort and put some honey over it. I remember Purim very much.\n\nEVANS: The High Holidays?\n\nELLIS: On the High Holidays . . . Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur were important,\nand I wanted very much to get to be old ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"enough that I could fast, and I tried\nit, I think, as early as the age of nine and went almost, about half the way\nbefore I had to cave in and eat. But I was very proud when I got to be thirteen\nand did start fasting regularly.\n\nEVANS: To the extent that they were services, these would have been more Orthodox?\n\nELLIS: Yes.\n\nEVANS: In Hebrew. You knew no ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hebrew.\n\nELLIS: That's right, yes. the service in that sense was not of any great\ninterest to me. I remember things about the services in that little synagogue.\nIncidentally, it was located right next door to the house in which I grew ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up,\nand right across the street was the house in which my grandfather had reared his\nchildren. Both my home place and my grandfather's home place are still there, in\nthis little town. Unfortunately, the synagogue no longer exists. It was first\ndamaged by a tornado which blew it off its ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"foundations and then later it burned,\nand the Torahs were moved to Birmingham to a synagogue there. But when I came to\n. . . I guess I first began to participate in Reform ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"religious service in\nTuscaloosa [Alabama], even before I went to the University, as a student. My\nparents would drive over to Tuscaloosa because we had relatives living there. My\nUncle Julius and Aunt Annie [sp] were living in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tuscaloosa. I went to services\nsometimes at the synagogue they had there. Then later, when I graduated from\ncollege and went to work for myself and moved to Atlanta, I started going to\nservices at the Temple in Atlanta, and they were conducted in English, and it\nwas more meaningful to me.\n\nEVANS: How far was the drive to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tuscaloosa?\n\nELLIS: About 35 miles and about 40 to Birmingham.\n\nEVANS: But still dirt roads back in those days.\n\nELLIS: Yes, right.\n\nEVANS: Any memories associated with that?\n\nELLIS: With dirt roads and such?\n\nEVANS: Driving to Tuscaloosa.\n\nELLIS: I have great memories of dirt roads because there was a dirt road going\nright in front of our house which was located on the main street in town, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in\nthe summertime particularly, the dust was terrible, and every time a car or a\nwagon would go by it would kick up great clouds of dust. One of the things, one\nof the rituals of summertime was using the lawn hose to water the road. It kept\nthe dust down for a little while. Just as you also watered your flowers and your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grass.\n\nEVANS: Elmo, come back to your father's store and your first beginning to work\nin it. Working in your father's store, with your father . . .\n\nELLIS: I never did as much of it as my brother did. I mentioned my brother had\nto stay out of college for several years . . . Incidentally, he did eventually\ngo back to college and got his degree, and he was very proud of doing so. But\nthere's an odd note there, too. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mentioned that he did his first two years of\ncollege at Auburn [University], when he went back to college, he was working as\na radio announcer in Birmingham and he would take classes part time at the\nUniversity of Alabama, he graduated and got his degree from the University of\nAlabama. He did two years at Auburn and two years at Alabama.\n\nEVANS: Tell me about your working in the store, as a young boy.\n\nELLIS: I never did it as much as my brother ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did, but I did work some. Generally,\nsome on a Saturday when there was no school. Sometimes in the summer, Dad would\nalways have a summer sale. Then there was generally need for help because you\nexpected more than the usual number of customers for a few ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"days. I got to . . .\nI learned the mechanics of merchandising. I learned what the code was that Daddy\nused to mark merchandise so you would know what he had paid for the merchandise\nas well as what the price was. His sale price was always very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"visible on there\nas far as the customer was concerned. [indistinct: 01:074:09] most of the people\nin the town, because it was a small town. The store had some fascinations. Prior\nto the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fire that burned up the old store, there was an elevator in the store\nthat went up to an attic where he kept a lot of furniture and mattresses. You\noperated that elevator by pulling on a heavy rope, and that was fun for me, as a\nlittle kid, working that elevator. Going up and down on it. Several ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"times I can\nrecall going from the attic out onto the roof of the building too. I mentioned\nthat it was an old tar and gravel roof. You could stand at the edge of that and\nlook down onto the main street of the town. But the store interested me also\nbecause Daddy had a typewriter there and I learned to write and peck on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it and\nwrote my first short stories and plays as a little kid on that typewriter. I\nthink that whetted my appetite for journalism to some extent. Other than that, I\nreally didn't enjoy selling too much and never have. Maybe if I had grown ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up in\nmore prosperous times, I might have had a more positive feeling about it. But I\ndidn't really think of myself ever following a career as a merchant.\n\nEVANS: Was there ever any issue about your sister working in the store?\n\nELLIS: I don't think she really ever did a great deal of work in the store.\n\nEVANS: Come back to the reference to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"racial. Did blacks work in the coal mines?\n\nELLIS: Yes, from a work standpoint, there was a great deal of equality when they\nwere underground. But we had the typical segregated society above ground. There\nwere certain sections of the town that were designated for blacks to live in.\nWhen blacks walked on the sidewalks and met ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whites, if the sidewalk was crowded,\nthey didn't hesitate to move off into the gutter. It was the typical Southern\ntown in that sense. However, it was a little different, too, from what you would\nfind in an agrarian community. Because . . . I think the differences between\nwhites and blacks were more ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pronounced in an agricultural community than they\nwere in a mining community. There was enforced socializing, at least in a\nlaboring sense, that you didn't have in an agricultural community. Miners, white\nminers and black miners both dug coal together and got injured together and died\ntogether at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"times.\n\nEVANS: If blacks and whites couldn't walk the streets together in West Blocton,\nwhat about shopping in your father's store? Could blacks and whites shop side by side?\n\nELLIS: They did shop side-by-side. But the blacks always, in those days, had to\ndefer to whites. For instance, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if two customers came up at the same time, it was\ncustomary to wait on the white one first. Although, I don't recall my own family\nmembers doing that openly or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"deliberately. But I'm describing to you what was\nthe custom in the town. In my own family situation, I remember being bothered by\nthe fact that blacks just had to live as they did. I raised questions with my\nown parents about how unfair it was that a black youngster, who wanted to and\nwas able to go to high ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"school, even that was not easy, had to go fifteen miles\naway to the county seat because there was no high school for blacks in my town.\nI can remember being very much bothered by that.\n\nEVANS: Was there ever anything with other businessmen in town who were not\nJewish, vis a vis, black business, selling to blacks, blacks mixing with whites,\nthat came to be an issue with your father, or a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"problem for him. As a Jewish\nmerchant, his attitudes toward blacks in his store. Any problems with other,\nnon-Jewish merchants who were different?\n\nELLIS: I don't believe I recall anything . . . I recall ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"various black\nindividuals with whom my family had close feelings and close relations, and some\nof them worked for the family and some of them we simply knew. I can recall my\ndad helping individuals, both black and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"white, economically, to the extent that\nhe was able to. He was also considered sort of a town counselor. It was not\nuncommon for people to come to him and ask for advice and help with personal\nproblems. He was greatly ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"respected for his knowledge. There's some irony there\ntoo because my daddy had very limited formal education. At the age of 12, he\nstarted working full time in his father's store, and actually started spending\nhis nights there at the store, guarding the store at night. He slept upstairs in\nthis attic that I mentioned, from the age of 12. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But he was an omnivorous\nreader, and I think that's how he got his education.\n\nEVANS: Never any interest in politics?\n\nELLIS: Other than the offices he held there in the little town.\n\nEVANS: Elmo, come back to some of those early years at your house, a t your\nhome. Do you ever recall a radio? Were you ever exposed to radio in your home,\nlistening to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it?\n\nELLIS: Yes. We had a radio by . . . I know we had it by 1928, because I can\nremember the political campaign of Al Smith and Herbert Hoover. Incidentally, I\ncan remember being very much aware then of prejudice against Smith because he\nwas Catholic. I can remember being offended by a lot of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the propaganda that I\nread and heard at that time. Wild things about that if Smith is elected, the\nPope [Pius XI] will land at Mobile Bay [Alabama] and move up and go northward\nand take over the country. All kinds of ridiculous things. Although I was young,\nvery young, I realized how ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"objectionable this was. I was very much interested in\nSmith as a candidate at that time, I was 10 years old. Radio was a very strong\nliving presence in our home by that time.\n\nEVANS: I just wondered about that as an influence on your later choice of A.\njournalism, and B. broadcasting.\n\nELLIS: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, I was fascinated by radio. I did listen to it a lot, and it played\nits role in the same manner that television was a tremendous influence on my\nchildren as they grew up. I loved to read, too. I was handicapped by the fact\nthat there was no ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"library in our town or in our school. The reading material\nthat I had was that which my parents were able to bring into our home, and that,\nagain, was limited. But I read the newspaper, from a very early age, and I liked\nthe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"idea of communicating both in print and on the air. I can remember . . . In\nfact, a cousin of mine, who unfortunately died just very recently, who lived in\nthat town, when we were very small, she and I had talked in recent ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years about\nthe fact that we used to put on plays together. Again, this was at the age of\nsix or seven, something like that. We would put them on in a barn of the family\nthat lived next door to us and use gunny sacks as a curtain. In my own childish\nway, I tried to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"actually plot out plays. I'm sure that most of them were\nprobably based on ideas that I would see at the picture show. Because again, you\nused to go to the movies about once a week and for children . . . In the early\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"days it might have even been less than this, but I remember children 10 cents\nand adults 25 cents, I believe, to go to the movies. Kids would usually go on\nthe weekend, and they would see a feature film plus one or two serials. Cowboys\nmainly . . . some of them though, were similar to some of these films that they\nhave made modern versions of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"recently. What's the name of it? I didn't see the\nmovie, but I've seen excerpts from it on television-- The fellow that goes out\ninto the jungle and searches for adventure and comes across hidden civilizations\n. I can remember early serials that were similar to that. I suppose some of my\nearly plays were influenced by ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those. I don't recall.\n\nEVANS: Do you remember a time when you began to formulate the idea of, \"Gee,\nradio, that's for me.\"\n\nELLIS: I think It developed gradually. As I saw my cousin and then my brother\nget into it. But I must tell you, that when I went off to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"college, I took\njournalism with the idea of being a writer. Because I had done quite a bit of\nwriting by that time in high school and I had already sold a couple of short\nstories, and I wrote regularly to letters to the editor of the Birmingham News,\nand the Birmingham Age-Herald, and the Birmingham Post, so that by the time I\nwent to college, the editor of the college ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"newspaper recognized name and offered\nme the opportunity to start writing as a columnist. This is a rare thing, I\nthink, for a freshman in college, to write columns. But it came about simply\nbecause he had seen my name in the newspapers.\n\nEVANS: I want to move on to college. Before we do, is there anything else out of\nyour childhood, your family, growing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up, anything about Jewish antecedents?\nAnything that you think worth noting here before we get to college?\n\nELLIS: I've often thought that it's remarkable in a way that our parents were\nable to instill in us such awareness of being Jewish and having responsibilities\nas a Jew, even though they did so little in the way of sitting down and talking\nto ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"us about what being a Jew means. I think they demonstrated it to us. I saw\nthat my daddy and my mother were compassionate people. My awareness of black and\nwhite differences . . . I knew was always different from the awareness of my\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"classmates. My concern for my fellow Jews in Europe . . . Again, as a youngster,\nbefore [Adolf] Hitler even came on the scene, I was concerned about the Iron\nGuard in Romania and the fascists in Italy. Those were living menaces for me as\na youngster. Now, how did I get that? I had to hear it from my parents, and I\nhad to get it from reading ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the B'nai B'rith magazine and some journals that came\ninto our home. I had to be listening to conversations that took place. I was\nvery much aware of being a Jew. Yet, I was almost totally assimilated in other\nways, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=4830.0,4860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because of the society in which I grew up, and in which I was a leading\nparticipant as a student. I was always an outstanding student. I felt it\nnecessary to be active in sports because I was large for my age. You didn't have\ntoo many students ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to pick, to make up a football team anyway. We were lucky to\nhave 22 players on our football team. I insisted that I was going to play\nfootball. My mother didn't want me to because she was afraid I would get hurt. I\ndid get some injuries, but I played football all the way through high school. I\nplayed basketball. I played ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"baseball. You name it. I was a boy scout. Very\nactive in my community, and respected the way, I guess, among my peers, in a\nsense the way my father was respected.\n\nEVANS: Tell me about choosing college. Beginning to get ready for going off to college.\n\nELLIS: It wasn't too difficult, again, to choose, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because money was a problem,\nand I couldn't like today's kids, I couldn't say, \"I'll go to a prestigious\nschool.\" The idea of that, I think, would have scared me very much anyway\nbecause I didn't feel that I was really that prepared. I was an outstanding\nstudent in my high school, but my high school was not a very good school.\nChoosing a place to go was made rather simple.\n\nEVANS: How were you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"outstanding in high school?\n\nELLIS: For the four years, 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th grades, I made the best\ngrades and won the trophy for the highest grades in school. I always held class\noffices. I was the captain of my football team in my senior year.\n\nEVANS: What did you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=4980.0,5010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"play?\n\nELLIS: As a freshman I played guard, as a sophomore I played tackle. In my\nsenior year, I did something which I don't think many people have ever done, I\nplayed center on offense and linebacker on defense, and I called the signals for\nthe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"team.\n\nEVANS: Defensive signals.\n\nELLIS: No. I played . . . I called offensive plays and that's quite a\ncombination. A center, linebacker, and signal caller. Yes, I actually functioned\nas the quarterback. You played both offense and defense. You played 60 minutes,\nmost games, unless injuries took you out, because they just really didn't have\nthe people to substitute ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=5040.0,5070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for. You didn't have free substitution either.\n\nEVANS: Was there a student newspaper?\n\nELLIS: We made an effort. I made an effort, I should say, to create one. But\nagain, we had no funding for such, and the only newspaper we ever had was one\nthat I was able to keep going for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"two or three issues. But we never were able to\nfund a regular ongoing newspaper. It's hard to describe how impoverished our\nschools were in those days. But, as I mentioned, there was no library. When I .\n. . Again, when I went to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=5100.0,5130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"college, this was my first opportunity to make use of\na library. My first opportunity to work on a regular weekly newspaper . . . I\nwas able to get an NYA [National Youth Administration] job, which paid $15 a\nmonth, and the first duty I had was working in the library at the University of\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Alabama. It was a tough job, too, because I worked from 7:00 to 10:00 at night,\nin the stacks. When a student wanted a book, I had to go back to the stacks and\nfind it, and you had about four levels, and you had to run up and down the\nstairways. This is like going up four levels of a house. Physically, it was\nvery, very exhausting. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=5160.0,5190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Fortunately, I was taking an English course from a\ngraduate student named Bernie Feld [sp], a Jewish boy, who was also working in\nthe school's news bureau, the publicity arm of the University of Alabama. He\nknew of my interest in journalism and in writing, so he got me ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=5190.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"transferred from\nthe library to the News Bureau, and from then on, I stayed in that News Bureau\nworking for the rest of my college career. In my sophomore year, the man who was\nin charge of the News Bureau put me in active charge of it, as a sophomore, and\nI remained in charge of it for the next three years. I was answerable to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=5220.0,5250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him . .\n. A journalism professor named Randy Fort. Randy had his office elsewhere, down\nthe hall, I actually gave out the assignments to the other students who were\nworking in that News Bureau, for the next three years. That was a very maturing\nexperience for me. It also, of course, brought me a little extra money, and by\nthe time I became a senior I was editor of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=5250.0,5280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"magazine, and I was a co-editor\nof the school newspaper. By a strange set of circumstances, I also edited the\nyearbook one year . . . I had just finished my junior year, had gone home for\nthe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=5280.0,5310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"summer vacation period. I was planning to come back to the university though\nand work during the summer anyway. But I got a call from the business manager of\nthe college yearbook, called the Corolla. He said, \"We have a problem . . .\"\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=5310.0,5340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ELLIS: One of the incidents that I was going to tell you about was the Ku Klux\nKlan [KKK] in the town in which we lived . . . I guess it was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=5340.0,5370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"similar to how it\nwas in lot of Southern communities, where the Klan apparently made an exception\nfor Jewish families living in that particular community. In other words, the\nKlan was antisemitic and anti-black, but it always accepted the Jews who ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=5370.0,5400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lived\nin that particular town, because they were considered 'different.' I recall an\nincident where my father was asked by the widow of a man who had just died, who\nlived right across the street from us, if he would deliver the Masonic ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=5400.0,5430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"burial\neulogy. My father stayed up practically all night memorizing that, and the next\nday he did deliver it, I understand quite eloquently. It was ironic though that\nin addition to having a Masonic burial, this man also had a Ku Klux Klan burial.\nThere were members of the Klan there in their full ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=5430.0,5460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"regalia, and they went\nthrough a ceremony of their own.\n\nEVANS: What sort of thing is a Ku Klux Klan burial?\n\nELLIS: I suppose they have a burial ceremony that's similar to what other types\nof lodges and fraternities have.\n\nEVANS: Do they ignite a cross?\n\nELLIS: This happened when I was a small child and I've never attended a Klan\nfuneral, so I don't know. I would guess that there was nothing like a cross\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=5460.0,5490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"burning there because this took place in the afternoon, and I think was done\nwith a reasonable amount of dignity. But afterwards a man came into my father's\nstore and commended my dad for the eulogy that he had delivered for the Masons,\nand my dad recognized this man, although he was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=5490.0,5520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Klan uniform and his face was\ncovered, my dad recognized his voice because the man was a member of the Masons\nas well and was a regular customer in my Dad's store. My dad commented to him\nthat he had heard him also at the cemetery, it sort of flustered the fellow. But\nit's typical of the strange ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=5520.0,5550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"relationships that existed in small Southern towns,\nduring that time. I can remember the Klan driving by our house in old open\ntouring cars. Maybe there would be six or eight automobiles full of them, all\ndressed in their uniform. I guess maybe they were going to a meeting, or maybe\nthey were parading just for the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=5550.0,5580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"benefit of showing their strength. In any case,\nI was taught not to be personally afraid of them; that they would pose no threat\nto our family. But, at the same time, I disliked them, what they stood for, very\nmuch, and my family did also. But it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=5580.0,5610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was very much a fact of life because the\nKlan was politically very powerful in those days. We're talking about the\n1920's, that a politician could hardly get elected to office without being a\nKlan member.\n\nEVANS: But you're saying that your father never considered the KKK a threat, personally.\n\nELLIS: Personally, no. They never threatened him in his business dealings. Or\nhis ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=5610.0,5640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"handling of his business, or personally. I don't think that it ever occurred\nto us anything like the burning of a cross on our yard or anything like that\nwould ever take place.\n\nEVANS: Was there ever any kind of . . . I want to say atrocity . . . Any kind of\na thing that they did with any blacks in the area?\n\nELLIS: I was not aware of it; I am sure there were beatings that took ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=5640.0,5670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"place. I\ndon't think I recall any lynchings that took place right in our vicinity. Now, a\nmoderating factor in this case might have been the fact that I lived in a coal\nmining town where blacks and whites worked together in coal mines. They also\nbelonged to unions together. I'm sure that that was quite different from the\nsocial relationships that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=5670.0,5700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"existed in an agrarian society, in a farming area\nwhere blacks were much lower on the social level.\n\nEVANS: But you're saying that the unions were already integrated then. Were\nblacks and whites in the union together?\n\nELLIS: Yes, in other words, they didn't have black unions and white unions. They\nall belonged to the union. I'm reasonably sure that the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=5700.0,5730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"leaders in those days,\nprobably in those days, were all white. I doubt that they would have elected a\nblack official. I don't know when that came in, but in those days. I doubt that\nthey would have elected a black official. I don't know when that came in, but in\nthose days, I doubt that . . .\n\nEVANS: Do you recall any kind of an episode or a remark by your father in terms\nof the KKK and the effect or impact on business, or on the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=5730.0,5760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"role of Jewish\ncommunity life there?\n\nELLIS: Again, I don't recall any time when reprisal was taken against the Jewish\nmerchants. The only thing that I recall, were incidents that I know occurred to\nme personally. I'm sure that from time to time in his lifetime they might have\noccurred with my father . . . That was perhaps where you had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=5760.0,5790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an altercation or a\ndisagreement with another individual, at which time you might have been the\nobject of some abusive language; called \"a dirty Jew\" or something of the sort.\nI had that happen to me about three times I think growing up.\n\nEVANS: In school.\n\nELLIS: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=5790.0,5820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, in cases where I got involved in fights.\n\nEVANS: Do you recall your feelings as a child? What sort of impact that had on you?\n\nELLIS: I guess it had the same impact it has on any Jewish child. It hurt, and\nit was distasteful, and I guess ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=5820.0,5850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it leaves permanent scars of sorts. I think it\naffects your thinking from then on. As we are sitting here talking about this\nnow, I'm very conscious of what is impending, and that is President [Ronald]\nReagan's visit to West Germany. I'm saddened ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=5850.0,5880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by my belief about what is about to\ntake place, for I think he will go to the Bitburg cemetery and will accede to\nChancellor [Helmut] Kohl's wishes. It illustrates to me the fact that in certain\nfundamental ways, Germanic thinking has really not changed that much; that\nGermans from all walks of life, they say that they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=5880.0,5910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"feel regret about the tragedy\nof Hitlerism and the Holocaust, but it is a strange kind of regret and remorse.\nEven stronger is the desire to be accepted and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=5910.0,5940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"forgiven in a way that will\nalmost obliterate the fact that these terrible things ever happened. I know that\nI . . . My wife and I visited Germany in 1976, as guests of the German\ngovernment, and I had on my itinerary to go to concentration ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=5940.0,5970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"camps. But I\nsuddenly found one day that I was about to leave Munich [Germany] without going\nto Dachau, and brought it to the attention of my guide, who acted very surprised\nthat I had any intention of going there. I said, \"It was on my itinerary and now\nit seems to have disappeared.\" She went to the telephone and talked for a while\nand came back and said, \"There must have been some mistake, they thought you\ndidn't want to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=5970.0,6000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go to a concentration camp.\" I said, \"Yes, I do want to go,\" that\nin fact I must go; that I could not in good conscience go back to the United\nStates without having gone. She tried in every way to talk me out of it by\nsaying that if I went, I would miss my plane the next day. We were supposed to\ngo to Berlin [Germany]. I said, \"I will just have to miss my plane.\" I\npersisted, so we went very early the next morning. The ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=6000.0,6030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"camp wasn't even open to\nvisitors at the time we arrived, they let us in. The guide would not go in with\nme. My wife and I had to look around ourselves.\n\nEVANS: A man or woman guide?\n\nELLIS: A woman guide.\n\nEVANS: Young?\n\nELLIS: Yes, in her 20's. Now, when we came back out, I said, \"We've seen it,\nwe've seen the evidence. They even had photographs in there.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=6030.0,6060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This young woman\nsaid, \"I can't understand that. Nobody was ever killed there. It was just a\ndetention center.\" Now, I was getting this, from an official guide. It was so\nrevealing. As we continued our tour through Germany, when I would question them\nabout the Nazi period, I would get a lot of evasive answers and eventually when\nwe arrived, I believe, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=6060.0,6090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Bonn [Germany], a group representing the German Jewish\nFriendship Society, or something of that sort, questioned me by saying, \"Mr.\nEllis, why do you hate Germans?\" I said, \"I am astounded at the question. Why do\nyou ask that question?\" It was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=6090.0,6120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"obvious that any question I had asked anybody\nelse prior to coming to Bonn had been relayed to these people here, and they\nthought . . . They inferred the fact that I would be interested in visiting a\nconcentration camp or talking about Nazism, indicated that I hated Germans.\nThere's a strange twist to the mind there that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=6120.0,6150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"still exists. It's very\nprevalent, and I'm not surprised that this happened, but I'm saddened by it.\nBecause I think the end result of this whole business, of going to Bitburg\n[Germany], will be that it will be explained away as . . . The unpleasantness\nwill be explained away as a Jewish concern, rather than the fact that it should\nbe of concern to all Americans. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=6150.0,6180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because the SS [Schutzstaffel] units did not\njust destroy Jews; they destroyed American soldiers too, massacred them.\n\nEVANS: The objection has been echoed by veterans' groups and caused a resolution\nto be passed by the Senate.\n\nELLIS: Yes, but Bob, I find that the media plays it up as a Jewish concern and\nthen adds, almost as an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=6180.0,6210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"afterthought, that veterans also are concerned about it.\nFrankly, the veterans and other Americans outnumber the Jews in this country, I\nthink, who are offended by this, and that should be pointed out I think more strongly.\n\nEVANS: The 60 senators plus sponsorship for the resolution, asking him not to go\nwas pretty strong.\n\nELLIS: That was a strong statement I'll agree, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=6210.0,6240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but did you notice that\nyesterday, Ronald Regan in his explanation, on a television program, said that\nthe President was very grieved by what is happening, because the President has\nfor so long demonstrated his regard for Jews and Jewish concerns? This shouldn't\nbe answered on that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=6240.0,6270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"basis. The President should be concerned about all American\npeople, and how they feel about this or ought to feel about it. It shouldn't be\nmade a Jewish issue. It's an issue for humanity; it's a moral issue.\n\nEVANS: Elmo, let me bring you back to West Blocton and the years of growing up\nin high school. You made reference to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=6270.0,6300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KKK and what your family taught you to\nfeel about them. Do you recall things that your mother or father might have\nsaid, as you were getting to be high school age, the age of beginning to be\ninterested in girls, about dating Jews or non-Jewish girls? Any concern from\nyour parents about going out with non-Jewish girls in school?\n\nELLIS: Yes. I believe we did talk about that in the last ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=6300.0,6330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"session, and I wasn't\never advised not to go out with non-Jewish girls, because we really didn't have\nmuch choice in the matter. When you had a high school party or a social event of\nsome sort, your classmates were all non-Jewish. But your parents wanted to be\nsure you understood was that you shouldn't get ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=6330.0,6360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"serious. In other words, don't\ndate steadily. I think I mentioned, in our previous recording session, that when\nmy brother started going steady with a girl, it became of great concern to my parents.\n\nEVANS: Come back to the KKK matter, moving to when you were in college and\nstarting to work on the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=6360.0,6390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"newspaper, do you recall, and perhaps in your early\nyears out in broadcasting, in any writing that you ever did referring back to\nchildhood memories of the Klan, or any attitudes that came out of that period?\n\nELLIS: I have done a great deal of it in later years. At the time, I started in\nprofessional work, radio work, after I graduated from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=6390.0,6420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"college, I was concerned\nthen about the Nazi threat. It was becoming pretty obvious the United States was\nprobably going to get into the war. I was concerned about Nazism anyway simply\nbecause we knew quite a bit about the Nazis. There's a lot of talk now about did\nwe really know what was happening? We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=6420.0,6450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"didn't know the extent of it, how terrible\nand how horrible it was but we knew it was bad, and we knew a lot of people were\ndisappearing and dying. That was of concern to me, and I wrote about it. I did\nseveral series of radio programs dealing with the Nazi threat to America, and to\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=6450.0,6480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people everywhere. In college, some of the newspaper columns that I wrote did\ndeal with prejudice, discrimination and matters of that sort. I don't recall\nwhether I was prompted at any time to write a column specifically about a Klan\nmatter, while I was in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=6480.0,6510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"college.\n\nEVANS: Let's go to college then. Tell me your memories of leaving West Blocton\nand going to the university.\n\nELLIS: The trauma of leaving home, to a certain extent that's a pretty\nappropriate word, because it was not easy for me. I was really a home boy . . .\nwas made somewhat ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=6510.0,6540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"easier simply because the university that I attended was not\nall that far away, so I could get back home without too much difficulty. I\njumped right into a lot of activity when I went to college, because in addition\nto my schoolwork I started working at part-time ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=6540.0,6570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"jobs. I was busy, from the time\nI started in college until the time I graduated. My first job was in the\nuniversity library as a runner, going into the stacks to find books for the\nstudents. Fortunately, I was transferred to the university ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=6570.0,6600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"publicity bureau in\nabout six weeks, and I worked in the publicity bureau for the next three years,\nand actually managed it in my senior year, supervised it starting my sophomore\nyear. Those ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=6600.0,6630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"experiences were maturing experiences for me. They taught me a lot\nabout journalism, too. Above and beyond what you would get in just your\nclassroom studies.\n\nEVANS: The jobs that you held, were those your choices, or did you have to do\nthose to work to pay for college?\n\nELLIS: I did it to help pay for college because of the limited income that would\nhave otherwise been available to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=6630.0,6660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me. I knew that it would be a great sacrifice\nor hardship on my family, because this was right in the middle of the\nDepression, and although you could go to college for a small amount of money,\ncompared to what it costs today, approximately $500 a year is I think what it\ncost for an in-state student to go to the University of Alabama in those ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=6660.0,6690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"days,\nthat in itself was a lot of money.\n\nEVANS: Do you remember conversations with your father about the cost of school?\n\nELLIS: Yes, and he tried to reassure me that he would, one way or another see to\nmy getting through school, but I was well aware of the fact that not long before\nthat my brother had had to drop out of because my father couldn't afford to send\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=6690.0,6720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"two children to school at the same time. My sister finished school and my\nbrother stayed out. He later got his degree on his own. He finished the last two\nyears after he had gone to work as a radio announcer in Birmingham.\n\nEVANS: Was he also going to Alabama?\n\nELLIS: He did his first two years at Auburn, then he went to work as a radio\nannouncer in Birmingham and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=6720.0,6750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did work . . . went to school as a part-time student\nuntil he finished at Alabama.\n\nEVANS: When you were going off to school, did your mother or father play any\nrole in your deciding what courses to take, what courses you studied?\n\nELLIS: No, I decided quite early that I wanted to be a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=6750.0,6780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"journalist. About as far\nback as I could recall I was always interested in writing, and I tried writing\nand performing in little plays with playmates at the age of six or seven. I\ntried writing short stories, soon after I learned to write, I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=6780.0,6810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"guess. I sold my\nfirst short story at the age of 13.\n\nEVANS: Were your mother or father very supportive in this?\n\nELLIS: Not in the sense that you'd hear about parents who encouraged their\nchildren to do things. I don't recall either one of them ever saying, \"We want\nyou to be a writer.\" I just did ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=6810.0,6840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it because I liked to do it. By contrast, they\ntried to encourage my brother to go into either some form of engineering or\ndentistry. They knew he was good at doing things with his hands and they also\nknew he was good at mathematics, and they thought that some type of career which\nwould utilize ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=6840.0,6870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that ability, would be in his best interest. He was not\ninterested, and he just took a general course, got an A.B. degree with no\nparticular . . . I've forgotten what his major was. I think it was political\nscience. My sister, I think she ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=6870.0,6900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"knew from the beginning, when she went to\ncollege, that she would study to be a teacher because career opportunities for\nwomen were so limited, and teaching was one of the choices that she did have.\nThen when I came along, I didn't know how I would utilize journalism. I just\nknew that I wanted to write. I figured I would probably work for a newspaper,\nand I kind of hoped I would be an editorial writer, and I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=6900.0,6930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"practiced doing that,\nalso from about the age of 11 or 12, by writing letters to the editors of the\nBirmingham News and the Birmingham Age-Herald and the Birmingham Post, and\ngetting my letters frequently published. That was good for my ego.\n\nEVANS: What sort of subjects did you write your letters on?\n\nELLIS: The first one I ever wrote, I think . . . and incidentally, it was\nselected and published in an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=6930.0,6960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anthology. I got word one day through the mail that\nthis had been picked to go into an anthology. It was against war; it was a plea\nfor world peace. It said that all wars were stupid, and that there never had\nbeen a profitable war ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=6960.0,6990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fought; that everybody lost in wars. Now this would have\nbeen back in the early 1930's. I then, was an avowed pacifist. I still really\nhave strong feelings about being a pacifist. I came to recognize though that\nthere are ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=6990.0,7020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some instances where you cannot be a pacifist, or can't justify it, if\nyou're just being run over by a juggernaut. There are some times when you just\nhave to rise up and defend yourself. It was the development of Hitlerism in\nGermany; I think that caused ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=7020.0,7050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me to change my thinking.\n\nEVANS: Your feelings in that regard, were they in any way a result of\nconversations with either of your parents?\n\nELLIS: My feelings about pacifism? I'm sure that was a factor, and in the things\nI read. I loved history. I minored in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=7050.0,7080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"history in college. But all the wars that\nI read about proved not to be justifiable. They were all tragedies.\n\nEVANS: Do you recall any discussions with either your brother or your sister\nabout pacifism?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=7080.0,7110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ELLIS: Again, I don't recall specific discussions, I suspect their feelings, the\nfeelings of my entire family were similar to mine.\n\nEVANS: But was not articulated . . .\n\nELLIS: Yes. I articulated mine in ways that they did not.\n\nEVANS: You don't happen to recall a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=7110.0,7140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"disagreement with either of your siblings?\n\nELLIS: No, no. In fact, philosophically, I don't think there ever were any\nstrong differences in real basic thinking among the members of my family.\n\nEVANS: On the university campus, do you recall if there were any people or\nactivities or things that began to develop or encourage a political view toward ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=7140.0,7170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pacificism?\n\nELLIS: Would you restate that because I'm not sure . . .\n\nEVANS: Was there anything that happened at school, at college, that encouraged\nyour feelings about pacificism?\n\nELLIS: When I went to college, I had already written that letter that I\nmentioned, and it was a pretty good example of my feelings and thoughts ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=7170.0,7200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about\nthe basic matter of war and peace. In that sense, I don't think my thinking\nabout a lot of basic things have really changed all that much since childhood. I\nremember, for instance, at the age of 10 or 11, during the High Holy Days, when\nwe were still holding ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=7200.0,7230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"services in my hometown, a Jewish man who had lived in\nWest Blocton as a boy came back for the services, and he and I were carrying on\na conversation outside the synagogue, and he apparently was an intellectual\ncommunist. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=7230.0,7260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because in the course of the conversation he expressed some thoughts\nin that direction, and I disagreed with him. I defended the American democratic\nsystem of government . . . He didn't push me on it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=7260.0,7290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because he was a gentle type\nperson, and I actually felt that he was a little pleased that I had strong\nopinions at a young age. But I felt then that intellectual individuals who were\ndrawn to communism; were being misled, and I think that history has proved that\nto be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=7290.0,7320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"true.\n\nEVANS: Do you recall if there was any interest from your father about your\ncoming into the business with him?\n\nELLIS: I don't think my father really had any strong desire to see us do that\nbecause having lived through the Depression and seeing that the potential in\nthat town was limited or virtually ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=7320.0,7350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nil, I think he realized that our future did\nnot lie in that town, nor in continuing his business.\n\nEVANS: Was there ever any talk about possibly going into business administration\nand going on to a retail or some other kind of business career in some other\ncity, like Birmingham or even Atlanta?\n\nELLIS: No. My dad was not that type of person, in the first ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=7350.0,7380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"place. My dad taught\nby example, and did very, very little counseling with his children, virtually\nnone. I just don't recall his ever saying \"Let's sit down and talk about\nsomething.\" He waited until his children would come to him and ask him for\nadvice. He was the most unobtrusive ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=7380.0,7410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"individual in that sense. Now, I think,\nmaybe for two reasons. One, he had strong feeling about respecting another\nindividual's rights to think and do what they pleased. Then, two, he was just\nnot inclined to project himself, or inject himself, into other people's lives.\nBut he set such ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=7410.0,7440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a sterling example for us that we were instructively motivated\nto try to emulate what was fine and noble about him.\n\nEVANS: In a lot of important things in your life at school and college, you\ndon't remember him really taking any kind of a role with you in it?\n\nELLIS: No. As I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=7440.0,7470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said, he never advised me about what to do or what not to do\nwhen I went off to college. If you had asked him why, l know what answer he\nwould have told you. \"But I trust my son. He knows what's right and wrong. I\nhave no fear that he will do anything that would cause him embarrassment or\ncause me embarrassment.\" I'm sure that, in essence, that would have been his\nanswer to you.\n\nEVANS: Did you ever talk with either your brother or your sister ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=7470.0,7500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about what you\nwould do, what they would do about future career things?\n\nELLIS: You mean about what my plans for the future were?\n\nEVANS: Did you talk with them . . .\n\nELLIS: As I've indicated earlier, the choices for my sister were so ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=7500.0,7530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"limited that\nthis didn't lead to any prolonged discussions about what she should do or not\ndo. Not only were your career choices so limited, but your job opportunities\nwere so limited. In the depths of the Depression, you frequently couldn't find a\njob, any kind of a job. You really didn't do a great deal of talking about \"what\nI would like to do\". It's completely different from what the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=7530.0,7560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"situation is today\nthat I'm sure it would be difficult for a youngster today to even imagine what\nit was like. I can only say that I remember one discussion in college with some\nclassmates about, \"Would you sign a lifetime contract for $100 a week?\" Several\nmembers of the group said, \"Sure,\" because your best ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=7560.0,7590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bet when you graduated from\ncollege was finding a job that would pay you, maybe, $15 a week. If you were\noffered $100 a week, that was like offering you a million. I had professors who\nwere making $2,500 a year. The opportunity to make $5,200 a year would have been\nmore than twice as much as these college professors were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=7590.0,7620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"making. You can see why\nthat would have been attractive to some students as a possible lifetime\nguarantee. Sure enough, when I did graduate, the week I graduated, I received\nword from the editor of one of the daily newspapers in Birmingham, Alabama, that\nhe would like to see me. I went up for an interview and he offered me a job. He\nsaid, \"We normally hire ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=7620.0,7650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reporters at $15 a week, but because we know of your\nwork, you've worked as a stringer for us and you've fed us so many stories from\nthe news bureau at the university, we're going to offer you $17.50 a week.\" I\nturned that down. I told him that I was looking into other opportunities, that I\nhad written and sent out some letters of application. He said, \"You're making a\nterrible ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=7650.0,7680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mistake. You don't realize how hard jobs are to find.\" Fortunately, I\ndid get a job, at $25 a week, in Atlanta, working for WSB, and I felt that I was\ndoing extremely well.\n\nEVANS: I want to come back later to the idea of your looking for your first job.\nCome back to school, or college. Was there ever ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=7680.0,7710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anything with your mother about\nher interest in your future career and your work?\n\nELLIS: She accepted the fact that I wanted to be a journalist, just as my dad\ndid. They never, as I recall, ever sat down with me and said, \"How are you going\nto make this pay?\" In other words,\" How are you going to make a living as a\njournalist?\" I impressed my parents, especially my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=7710.0,7740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mother, as being much more\nstrong willed than either of her other two children. It was sort of a mutual\nthing, though, because I think that being the baby of the family, the last to\narrive, I think I was given more opportunity to assert myself; to be more strong\nwilled. I think my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=7740.0,7770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"parents, particularly again, my mother, who was really the\ndisciplinarian in the family, I think that she exercised more control over my\nsister and brother. When I came along, she gave me more freedom and I took it. I\ndefied her more. When it came time, for instance, to go out for football, she\nsaid, \"My child, I don't want ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=7770.0,7800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you to go play football, because you'll get hurt.\"\nI said, \"No, I've got to play. I want to play. I'm big and the students in the\nschool expect me to play, and I'm going to.\" That was an example of going\nagainst her wishes. When I said I wanted to be a writer, to be a journalist, I\nwanted to study journalism, she accepted the fact that if that's what I wanted\nto do, that's what I was going to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=7800.0,7830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do, and I think, implied, was her blessing to\ndo it, hoping that I would be successful at it.\n\nEVANS: You talk about being strong willed. Do you recall any instances where you\ncame into conflict with your father, as opposed to your mother?\n\nELLIS: No. I remember one or two instances where I wanted the use of the family\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=7830.0,7860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"automobile, and it usually involved wanting to go somewhere with a group of\nstudents. For instance, to go to a state meeting of students at a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=7860.0,7890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"university,\nand on one occasion we took a little delivery truck that my dad had, and it may\nhave actually been a hardship for him to let us have it, but I persisted, in\nasking him to let us take it. We drove to Auburn in his truck, open bed ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=7890.0,7920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"truck.\nAgain, that was a case of his being helpful to us, although I don't know that he\nfelt that it was the best thing to let us do. But I think I mentioned in an\nearlier situation where I would want some kind of gift at Christmas time so I\nwould be able to say to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=7920.0,7950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my classmates that I also got a Christmas present. My\ndad didn't like that, but he usually complied and let me have something.\n\nEVANS: Elmo, you talk about journalism having come as a thought early on.\nThinking back on it now, can you remember when you began first to focus on\njournalism as something good to do?\n\nELLIS: I had already Indicated ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=7950.0,7980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I knew I wanted to write, from as far back\nas I could remember, there never was any moment where the light came on and I\nsaid, \"Aha, this is it. This is what I want to do.\" In taking journalism in\ncollege, as I also indicated, I didn't know how I would have to pursue\njournalism ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=7980.0,8010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"professionally. I didn't know whether I would have to take a job as a\nreporter or whether I could write editorials or features, or whether I might end\nup teaching journalism. Because I did admire, particularly, one journalism\nteacher I had. A fellow by the name of Randolph Fort. I thought it would be nice\nto do what he's doing. Those were possible ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=8010.0,8040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"choices. I decided pretty soon after\nI got into college, that I would go on and get a master's degree somewhere, so\nthat if I wanted to teach that would help my situation. Sure enough, when I came\nto Atlanta and started working here, I found out that I could get a master's in\njournalism at Emory University, and I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=8040.0,8070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"started immediately taking courses there\non a part-time basis. Now, that was interrupted by having to go off to service\nfor World War II, but when I came back to Atlanta I continued with my work at\nEmory and got my Master's in 1948.\n\nEVANS: Staying, still, with your choice of journalism, you began by writing, and\nyou mentioned early columns. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=8070.0,8100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What deflected you into radio as opposed to newspapers?\n\nELLIS: When I was graduating from the University of Alabama, I wrote several\nletters to newspapers asking for possible employment. One of those went to the\nAtlanta Journal. The sitting editor was a man by the name of Wright Bryan, and\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=8100.0,8130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he wrote back saying that they had no openings for which I might be considered,\nbut he had noted on my application that I had done some radio work in college.\nHe had taken the liberty of routing my application over to the journal's radio\nstation. WSB belonged to the Atlanta Journal In those days. It wasn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=8130.0,8160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"long\nbefore I got a letter from Marcus Bartlett, who was the program director at WSB,\ninviting me over for an interview. Incidentally, I was interviewed by a group of\npeople, not one individual. I was interviewed by the managing director, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=8160.0,8190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the\ncommercial manager, and the program director, and the production manager, and\nthe chief engineer. I realized later that one of the reasons was that I was\nJewish. They were about to hire someone, I think I was the first Jewish person\nthey had considered, under this new ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=8190.0,8220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ownership, because the station, WSB, and the\nAtlanta Journal, belonged by that time to former Governor James M. Cox of Ohio,\nwho had just a few months before come in and bought the newspaper and the radio\nstation here in Atlanta. I'm sure that they wanted to have this committee\ninterview me to make ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=8220.0,8250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sure they were not making a mistake.\n\nEVANS: At that time, you were not using the name Ellis.\n\nELLIS: No. I was interviewed as Elmo Israel and hired as Elmo Israel.\n\nEVANS: Did they look at any other Jewish students, do you know?\n\nELLIS: I don't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=8250.0,8280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know. They did hire one other though. Somebody who has since gone\non to fame and fortune, a fellow named Robert Pollock. Bob Pollock, he and his\nwife are creative consultants on the \"Dynasty\" television show. They wrote that\nprogram for a long time, and then got moved ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=8280.0,8310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"upstairs as advisors, rather than\nhaving to write It. Bob worked as an announcer at WSB at the time I did, there\nwere actually two Jewish people on the payroll, at the time. Nobody ever told me\nwhat I just said, but I believed that was a factor.\n\nEVANS: What suggested it to you?\n\nELLIS: It's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=8310.0,8340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unusual when you're being interviewed for a job to be interviewed by\na committee. I think they wanted to reassure themselves.\n\nEVANS: What was the reaction of your parents when you got that job?\n\nELLIS: I think they were pleased to know that I'd found employment and that I\nwas to receive a salary above that which had been offered to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=8340.0,8370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me in Birmingham. I\nsuspect that my mother would have been happier initially if I had gone to work\nin Birmingham, simply because I would have been closer to home. But I managed to\nget back and forth with some frequency.\n\nEVANS: This is what year now?\n\nELLIS: 1940, and in order to get around and that I would be able to drive back\nto Alabama to see my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=8370.0,8400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"parents, I needed an automobile. My dad found an automobile\nfor me, a second-hand automobile, and I paid for it with $5 a week payment until\nI got it paid for.\n\nEVANS: Elmo, going back still to college and your interest in journalism, were\nthere any ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=8400.0,8430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"early models of people, sort of large figures or reputations or\npersonalities that you admired and used as roles or models?\n\nELLIS: Yes. Walter Lippman, Dorothy Thompson, Heywood Broun . . .\n\nEVANS: Tell me a little bit about how you felt about some of those. What\ninfluence some of those had on you.\n\nELLIS: They were just glamorous. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=8430.0,8460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was thrilling to think that these people\nwere writing for not one newspaper but for a number of newspapers. That they\nwere being syndicated and that what they were writing was being read all over\nthe country. That they were actually molding public opinion. I was impressed,\ntoo, by their knowledge. I didn't really know enough to know how accurate they\nwere but, as ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=8460.0,8490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a child, I assumed that the things they were saying were based on\nfacts. I was impressed. I admired the fact that they had learned so much and\nwere able to express themselves with such fluency and ease. I very much wanted\nto do that sort of thing. There ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=8490.0,8520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"always has been a tremendous need on my part for\nbeing recognized and applauded. As I grew older, I came to realize that the\ndegree of applause that you aspired to carried a price, and that you not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=8520.0,8550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"only\nhad to have a certain degree of talent, but that you also had to have other\nstrengths, some of which I knew I did not have. For instance, if you were going\nto perform in the highest echelons of show business, then you not only had to be\ngood, but you had to be tough, and I knew I was not that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=8550.0,8580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tough. I found this out\nwhen after . . . I'm jumping some now . . .\n\nEVANS: That's alright.\n\nELLIS: After I got out of military service, I was already married, and my wife\nand I went to New York, I was lured there by the prospect of becoming a network\nwriter and producer, and I did write some network programs and I did some\nproduction ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=8580.0,8610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"work, and I made some money. At times, more money than I'd ever\ndreamed that I could make. When I was paid $500 a week for a radio script, I\nthought, \"My goodness, this is the epitome of success.\" But I also found that it\nwas a very tough life, and that I had to deal with some very difficult people.\nThe demands that were made on me ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=8610.0,8640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were great. I realized then that I would be\nhappier working in a smaller community, and that really was a big factor in\nbringing me back to Atlanta. I had the prospects of going into television, which\nwas ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=8640.0,8670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"exciting, and the opportunity to work in a community where I would feel much\nmore comfortable.\n\nEVANS: Come back still to college. . .Were there any heroes or sort of working\nmodels that appealed to you; people that you knew at the university, professors\nor students?\n\nELLIS: I mentioned this journalism professor named Randy Fort. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=8670.0,8700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have written\nabout him and talked about him many, many times since then. He impressed me\ntremendously. I think the reason he did was the fact that he showed an early\ninterest in me. I found out from that relationship ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=8700.0,8730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that perhaps the easiest way\nin the world to get a person to work hard and do his best is to have faith and\ninterest in the person . . . I mentioned that in my freshman year I began\nworking in the news bureau, the publicity department of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=8730.0,8760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"university. In my\nsophomore year, this journalism professor, Randy Fort, became manager of the\nnews bureau. In other words, he had two jobs. He was a journalism instructor,\nand he was also head of the news bureau. But he wanted a student ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=8760.0,8790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to run the\nday-to-day affairs of the news bureau, because he couldn't be in two places at\none time. He had to spend a certain amount of time with his teaching activities.\nHe entrusted me with that responsibility as a sophomore. That was a tremendous\nboost to my morale, to my ego, and to my love for him. From then ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=8790.0,8820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on, I would\nhave walked over hot coals for him. Fortunately, when I came back to Atlanta,\nafter service in World War II, he was by that time on the staff at Emory\nUniversity, the place where he had gotten his own master's in journalism, years\nbefore, and we were able to reestablish and maintain our ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=8820.0,8850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"friendship as long as\nhe lived.\n\nEVANS: Elmo, it's interesting to me . . . When you talk about early heroes, at a\nformative time, they're all people in the print medium.\n\nELLIS: They were . . . There were not many broadcast heroes, because we're going\nback to the early days of radio. There were entertainers on the radio, and I\nadmired and loved to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=8850.0,8880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hear Eddie Cantor and Jack Benny and I would try, for\ninstance, to write radio scripts that I thought were similar to the ones that I\nwas hearing on the air. In that sense, showed my interest in radio and love for\nit. Later, I developed an interest in people ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=8880.0,8910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like H.V. Kaltenborn, Gabriel\nHeatter and Elmer Davis, but now we're coming up to a later time. This was right\non the eve of World War II. Also, I was old enough then to be critical of what I\nthought were, for instance, some of Kaltenborn's shortcomings. I felt that he\nwas a man with some limited vision ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=8910.0,8940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and some prejudices. I was more admiring of\nElmer Davis, but Davis did more of a news reporting job and less of a\ncommentating job, you couldn't compare the two very much. But again, people like\nthis, yes, they interested me and again, I could conceive of myself doing that\nsort of thing. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=8940.0,8970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tried to imitate them also, incidentally, in college. In my\njunior and senior years in college I did some commentary on a local radio\nstation. The only commercial radio station that existed in Tuscaloosa, Alabama,\nin those days, WJRD. They were kind enough to let me have time and I would\ndevelop programs and do them just because they were of interest to me. I did a\nthing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=8970.0,9000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"called \"Oddities in the News,\" and when I couldn't find enough oddities,\nI'd make up some. I would do commentary on subjects that were far beyond my ken.\nNow we get into matters of did you talk about things like the Klan and\nHitlerism, and so forth. Sure. I would comment. I did a 15 minute program every\nweek for a long time on the station in Tuscaloosa . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=9000.0,9030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I really posed as a\npundit. But it was really very arrogant of me to be doing this because I did not\nhave the knowledge to do it.\n\nEVANS: Do you remember your first broadcast? Your first time in front of a microphone?\n\nELLIS: When I was in high school. Our high school band, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=9030.0,9060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"consisting, I think, of\neight musicians, went to Birmingham and appeared on WAPI, to represent our\nschool. I think that was the first time I ever appeared on the radio.\n\nEVANS: Do you remember your feelings?\n\nELLIS: Oh, it was thrilling.\n\nEVANS: More thrilled than nervous?\n\nELLIS: There was nervousness too. Sure.\n\nEVANS: Do you remember, after you got your job at WSB . . . This goes back ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=9060.0,9090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to\ncollege, and I don't want to finish with college yet . . . Your first commercial\njob in front of a microphone. Do you have any recollection of that?\n\nELLIS: I don't have recollections like that because I was not hired as an\nannouncer . I was hired as the station's first publicity and public relations\ndirector. My main responsibility was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=9090.0,9120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to generate favorable news about the\nstation and write publicity releases, both for the local newspapers in Atlanta,\nand for national publications, such as Variety and Radio Daily, which later\nbecame Radio and TV Daily. Billboard and some publications that don't even exist\ntoday; one called Sponsor ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=9120.0,9150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and others of that type. I started doing radio work\nbut not of strictly a commercial nature. The first week I was here I was sent\nout to do a remote with an announcer on the staff at a train wreck. A 12 car\npassenger train had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=9150.0,9180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"derailed about 12 miles north of Atlanta, and we went to\ncover this. We didn't have the capability that you have today to broadcast live,\nwe took out with us recording equipment, and recorded on a 12 inch disc.\n\nEVANS: A record?\n\nELLIS: Yes. A record of what we had seen, and our conversations with the\nengineer and the firemen and we broadcast that after we brought it back. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=9180.0,9210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But\nthat did, interestingly enough, lead to some more air work. Not long afterward,\nI started going out to the Atlanta airport every afternoon with two staff\nannouncers, who did a daily 'Airport Reporter' interview program, I mentioned\none, Bob Pollock. The other one was a fellow by the name of Herb Harris. I was\nassigned as the alternate announcer, in case one of them could not go. It wasn't\ntoo long after that that Bob Pollock, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=9210.0,9240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"being a reserve officer, was recruited\ninto the service, I took over that assignment with Herb Harris. Doing things of\nthat sort led the program director to suggest to me that I should adopt a radio\nname. One that would sound like an Anglican name. That's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=9240.0,9270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how Elmo Ellis came\ninto being.\n\nEVANS: Do you recall your parents' reaction to your adopting that kind of a name?\n\nELLIS: They didn't object to it, vocally. I suspect that they would have\npreferred that I remain Elmo Israel on the air. But they were not surprised\nbecause one prominent member of the family ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=9270.0,9300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had changed his name several years\nbefore. Melvin Israel had become Mel Allen. My own brother, Frank Israel, had\nbecome Don Frank. It was sort of accepted. If you were going into any type of\nshow business, you had to have a show business name. But I remained legally\nIsrael, and went into military service as Elmo Israel. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=9300.0,9330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I remained that way\nthroughout my military service. Got married as Elmo Israel, had my children as\nElmo Israel, and didn't really legally change my name until 1964. I did it at\nthat time really to simplify my children's lives because they were constantly\nrunning into ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=9330.0,9360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"confusing and embarrassing situations.\n\nEVANS: Elmo, this may be a technical broadcast question, but when you went out\nto the airport or . . . or to the train wreck, you had to record the coverage on\nthe disc, you had no editing capabilities?\n\nELLIS: No.\n\nEVANS: It meant that whatever you chose to play on air, you didn't play the\nwhole record, did you?\n\nELLIS: Yes. Because, again, in those days, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=9360.0,9390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you weren't recording little, short\nbits to have included in a news cast. You were recording a program. This was a\nspecial events broadcast.\n\nEVANS: It had to be 15 minutes . . .\n\nELLIS: Sure, this was, as I recall, a 15 minute broadcast. Often times, when you\ndid this, a lot of it was very boring and excessive, but you had a time slot to\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=9390.0,9420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fill, and you did it. Which reminds me . . . Speaking of Mel Allen, one of the\nthings that brought him early fame was being sent out to cover the Vanderbilt\nCup races, He was in an airplane, flying overhead. There was a long delay in the\naction down below, and he just kept talking and talked for 45 minutes, and it\nimpressed his superiors so much that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=9420.0,9450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they pushed him up the ladder, so to speak.\nInstead of being just a staff announcer, he became a special events announcer,\nand that really was one of the factors that led to his success.\n\nEVANS: The rewards of glibness.\n\nELLIS: Yes. That's right.\n\nEVANS: Coming back still to college, you made reference to your getting out of\ncollege and getting that job; that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=9450.0,9480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"interview. Had you gotten out of college\nbefore the Depression ended?\n\nELLIS: No, we were coming out of it, so to speak.\n\nEVANS: In the beginning of the war years.\n\nELLIS: Right, but 1940 was still a depressed period. It's indicated by the fact\nthat if you were offered a job for $15 a week, you were fortunate. Many members\nof my class, my graduating class, were offered no job at all.\n\nEVANS: Do you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=9480.0,9510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"recall any conversations or any feelings you had about that?\n\nELLIS: It was a depressing and a sobering time of your life. If you could find a\njob you were lucky and a person who didn't was unlucky.\n\nEVANS: From that period, being in college at the time of the Depression, did it\nhave any kind of impact of shaping any sort of attitudes that later stayed with\nyou for years . . . ?\n\nELLIS: Yes. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=9510.0,9540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sure. My wife and I both, being approximately the same age and both\nchildren of the Depression, will never be able to enjoy affluency the way\nsomeone could who did not experience that kind of life. It marks you, there's no\nquestion about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=9540.0,9570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it. It sensitizes you also to those who are deprived and those\nwho are hungry and needy in this world. As we're talking, I'm reminded . . . You\nwere asking about people who influenced you. I recall a visit to the campus of\nthe University of Alabama, while I was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=9570.0,9600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"student, of a German prince named\nHubertus von Lowenstein [Wertheim-Freudenberg]. He was exiled, I think,\nvoluntarily because of Hitler because he disapproved of Hitlerism. He was\ntouring around the United ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=9600.0,9630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"States, speaking particularly on college campuses. He\nspent a week at the University of Alabama. I know that he made me very much\naware of Hitlerism, this was about 1937, and the evils of Hitlerism. Not that I\ndidn't know a lot about it, because of growing up in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=9630.0,9660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a Jewish family and reading\nJewish publications and hearing your family talk and knowing that we still had\nsome relatives still living in Poland, my mother's oldest brother and his family\nstill lived there. That was the only member of her family remaining in Europe.\nAll the other members of her family lived ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=9660.0,9690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here, but he was still there. Only two\nmembers of that family survived and came to this country after the war. This\nuncle, whom I never saw, two of his sons did survive the war. The rest of them,\nof course, died in the Holocaust. I'm saying I was well aware of Hitlerism and\nthe evils of it. But this German prince was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=9690.0,9720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"also influential in my thinking.\nIncidentally, I heard just very recently that he had died.\n\nEVANS: Did the German prince, did he say anything about Jews under Hitler?\n\nELLIS: Yes.\n\nEVANS: This was back in the mid 1930's.\n\nELLIS: Absolutely.\n\nEVANS: Do you recall what he said?\n\nELLIS: He spoke about concentration camps. He didn't say that all the Jews are\nbeing liquidated, because as you will recall, that didn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=9720.0,9750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"become official German\npolicy until later. But he talked about Jews being herded up and put into\nconcentration camps. He spoke about other individuals being in prison too.\nAnybody who dissented and because he himself was a dissenter, he elected to\nleave ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=9750.0,9780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany. But he knew that the end result of Hitlerism would be a tragedy\nfor mankind, and he was trying to alert the United States about that.\n\nEVANS: Among the students on the campus, was there any sort of feeling of\nidealism or a feeling of opposition or a feeling that this is something we've\ngot to get agitated about?\n\nELLIS: You mean Hitlerism? No. There was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=9780.0,9810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"spirit of isolationism. It was very\nstrong on all college campuses. It was very strong in this country. I remember a\nspeech that [President Franklin Delano] Roosevelt made while I was still on the\ncampus at the University of Alabama. He explained the fact that we needed to arm\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=9810.0,9840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ourselves and that we needed to supply those who were our allies. At that time,\nhe was cautiously trying to suggest that we could help England without getting\ninvolved ourselves. I personally believe that he knew we were, inevitably, going\nto get involved, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=9840.0,9870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that's why he was encouraging us to get prepared. But I\nwould say that perhaps the majority of Americans didn't want to get involved at\nthat time. The thinking changed dramatically with the attack on Pearl Harbor.\n\nEVANS: At that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=9870.0,9900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time, do you remember any conflicts of feeling between your\nsaying that you felt you were a pacifist and the need to do something about the\nJewish problem, the Jewish dilemma with the Holocaust.\n\nELLIS: Yes. I felt that I was really in a sense thinking and talking out of both\nsides of my mouth. Because I realized ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=9900.0,9930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that Germany under Hitler was a menace to\nhumanity, but I didn't want to be the one to go fight him. This was a\nfrightening prospect.\n\nEVANS: Did that also have any conflict in your mind when you finally went into\nthe military?\n\nELLIS: I accepted the inevitability of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=9930.0,9960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it . . . As a matter of fact, it looked\nlike being called into service was such a certainty, that I even investigated\nvolunteering for the Navy because I thought I could get a commission. A friend\nof mine at WSB, the program director who had hired ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=9960.0,9990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me, was able to get a\ncommission and I thought, \"Maybe I can too.\" But I couldn't pass the eye\nexamination, then I waited, and I was drafted, and from then on it was a matter\nof deciding that I wanted to try to qualify to go to some kind of officer's\nschool to get a commission. I figured since I had to be in the service, I'd be\nbetter off being an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=9990.0,10020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"officer than I would being an infantryman. My first job in\nthe military service was working in the classifications department at Fort\nMcPherson, right out here, outside of Atlanta, giving IQ tests to inductees. The\nman who was in charge of this entire operation was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=10020.0,10050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Major who wanted me to go\nto Adjutant General school, and it was an interesting thing because he was a\nvery religious man. He was a mathematics professor from Agnes Scott College. He\nwanted very much, so much, to get me to agree with his thinking and go to\nAdjutant General school, that he said, \"Let's pray about it,\" and he ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=10050.0,10080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"prayed in\n\"Jesus' name\" that I would see the light and do what I should do. I'm sure I\ndisappointed him greatly because I elected not to do that but instead to qualify\nto go to officer's candidate school in the Air Force. But that business ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=10080.0,10110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of\npraying for me \"in Jesus' name\" reminds me of the first time I ran into that\nkind of situation. It was when I was in the second grade. My teacher was a very\nreligious woman, a daughter of a Baptist minister, a pastor, and she very much\nwanted to convert me. She gave me a New ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=10110.0,10140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Testament and she prayed with me one day\nat school, but I was old enough to know that I didn't like what was happening\nand I came home and talked to my mother about it. My mother had a talk with this\nteacher and told her that she didn't appreciate what she was doing and that she\nwanted her to stop doing it, and the teacher apologized. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=10140.0,10170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"think, I'll give her\nthe benefit of the doubt, the woman was really well intentioned. She was\nignorant, but well intentioned. She really thought she was trying to save my\nsoul. After my mother reprimanded her and got her to refrain from doing that, it\nin no way ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=10170.0,10200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"affected that woman's treatment of me. She was always lovely to me. In\nfact, I was really teacher's pet. She became my teacher again in the sixth\nGrade, and again, she was just as sweet as she could be to me. I think the woman\ndearly loved me as a person. The only regret in her life, I guess, was the sick\nfeeling that she wanted so desperately to convert ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=10200.0,10230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me and was unable to do so.\n\nEVANS: She couldn't save your soul.\n\nELLIS: Right. At various times I've had interesting experiences like that. I\nremember one time when I was about a . . . junior in college, I was rooming in\nthe same house with a boy who was a very devout Roman ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=10230.0,10260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Catholic. He made the\nstatement that if you were not a professing Catholic, you would not go to\nheaven. We had a very interesting, long conversation. I let him know, in a\ncourteous ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=10260.0,10290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"way, that I thought he was not only wrong . . . that he was really\nbeing very unfair in the stance that he took. Because I was willing to respect\nhis religion and his right to believe as he saw fit, he ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=10290.0,10320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"owed it to me, or to\nanybody else, to reciprocate. But again, there was no hostility in the boy's\nfeelings. He just came from that type of background and had that kind of\nreasoning. I also have run into individuals from time to time who liked me very\nmuch and who then tried to show it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=10320.0,10350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by saying, \"I like you so much because you're\nso different. You don't seem to be Jewish.\" Then I would have to explain to the\nperson that that was not a compliment at all; that it was something that I\nresented. Then I would patiently explain why I resented it, and they in turn\nwould be very embarrassed.\n\nEVANS: What sort of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=10350.0,10380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"explanation would you give them?\n\nELLIS: That if the person liked me as an individual, then he liked me because I\nas an individual had certain qualities that he admired. That those qualities\ndidn't emanate from my being Jewish or not Jewish. They emanated from my being a\ncertain type of individual. That ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=10380.0,10410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the matter of my being Jewish in no way was the\nreason for my having certain qualities that he liked or disliked; that that was\nno way to judge a person, any more than I would judge someone as being a person\nI liked or disliked because he happened to be Baptist, Methodist, or an Atheist.\nI said, \"It's your prerogative to follow the faith as you see ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=10410.0,10440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fit, and I will\njudge you not on that basis, but on what type of human being you are.\" When you\nexplain it to them, they see it.\n\nEVANS: Elmo, in college you say journalism became your focus, your interest. You\nwent into the military, was there any thought that ever crossed your mind about\ndoing journalism or even radio work in the military?\n\nELLIS: I mentioned to you that the first ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=10440.0,10470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"job that I had out at Fort McPherson\nwas in classification work. It wasn't too long before I got transferred to the\npublic relations office, and then I had a cushiony job, because the captain who\nwas in charge of that office had formerly worked for the Atlanta Journal and\nknew about me and allowed me to live off ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=10470.0,10500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"base. I had my own room. I could almost\nmake my own hours because he allowed me to write and produce radio programs. I\ndid that, I had a daily army report in which I would give news, military news\nthat was of the type to be shared with the general public. That ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=10500.0,10530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"program was\naired on WSB. I also did a weekly program called \"Reveille in Dixie\", That was\nthe one in which I got the opportunity to deal with such things as the rising\nthreat of Hitlerism and how the Nazis operated. Anyway, I stayed there until I\nwas able to transfer to Maxwell Field and go into ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=10530.0,10560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what was then called the Air\nCorps, and from there I was able to qualify to go to Officer's Candidate School,\nO.C.S. Air Force Officer's Candidate School. But when I transferred to Maxwell\nField, I continued to write and produce radio programs there.\n\nEVANS: For military radio or for . . .\n\nELLIS: No, this was all for the military. The radio programs I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=10560.0,10590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did at Maxwell\nField were scripts that were sent out to all of the air bases that operated\nunder Maxwell Field's command, and we also produced a weekly show . . . I\nactually produced two weekly radio programs that were done on Montgomery and\nBirmingham ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=10590.0,10620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"radio stations. After I got my commission and joined a newly formed\nradio production unit, then we started producing national network programs. I\nwrote and produced programs on the network basis and did that for the rest of my\nmilitary career.\n\nEVANS: That lasted through the end of World War II?\n\nELLIS: Yes. I was mustered ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=10620.0,10650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out in the spring of 1946, and by that time I had\nmade contacts in New York because of the network programs that I had done in\nservice and decided to go to New York to seek my fame and fortune and did so.\nOnly after spending about a year and a half in New York ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=10650.0,10680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did I elect to come back\nto Atlanta and rejoin WSB, the radio station that I had been with before I went\ninto the service.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=10680.0,10710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"EVANS: Talk about your early years at Cox Broadcasting, after you had gotten\ninto the company and underway.\n\nELLIS: My career at Cox ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=10710.0,10740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"actually is divided into about three different segments.\nThe first one was a period of about two years prior to World War II, when I\nfirst joined the company. Then WSB was part of a small radio complex that\nbelonged to the Cox ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=10740.0,10770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family. Former Governor Cox of Ohio . . . in December of\n1939, bought WSB, along with the Atlanta Journal. I joined the organization\nshortly after that. The executive director of radio ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=10770.0,10800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"operations for Governor Cox\nwas a man named Leonard Reinsch and I spent most of my career working with him\nand for him. At the time I came to WSB, he was just in the process of taking\nover at the station and beginning to build it up. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=10800.0,10830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was interviewed and hired as\nthe first publicity director or public relations director. Because radio was so\nmuch more informal and simple in those days, I was allowed to do more than just\nhandle publicity. It was in my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=10830.0,10860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nature to volunteer to do more anyway. I worked\nfor a program director named Marcus Bartlett, who, incidentally, still lives in\nAtlanta and is hale and hearty and has been one of my close friends now for more\nthan 40 years. Marcus allowed me freedom to do various ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=10860.0,10890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"things. Within the first\nweek of my being here, I was doing some special events, announcing, for which I\nhad never had any training. I really did my experimenting on the air at WSB. I\nquickly started writing various types of scripts and got very deeply involved in\nthat, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=10890.0,10920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"doing a different series of programs. One was a series called \"Reveille in\nDixie,\" which anticipated America's entry into World War II, when the series\nstarted it was concerned with the military ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=10920.0,10950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"buildup and in a sense, I guess, I\nwas part of the propaganda apparatus that helped get the people acclimated to\nthe idea of being involved in a wartime situation. I went into service shortly\nafter America got involved in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=10950.0,10980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"war. As you will recall, Pearl Harbor was\nbombed on December 7, 1941, and I was inducted in February of 1942, at Fort\nMcPherson. That ended phase one of my career with Cox Broadcasting. In the\nservice, my first job was working in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=10980.0,11010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"classifications department at Fort\nMcPherson, giving examinations to inductees . . . The officer in charge of the\nclassifications department at Fort McPherson was this mathematics professor from\nAgnes Scott ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=11010.0,11040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who was a deeply religious man. He tried to recruit me for the\nAdjutant General ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=11040.0,11070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"school . . . I think, would have been delighted if he could\nhave converted me. One of several experiences I had through the years like that.\n\nEVANS: Baptist? Catholic? What was he?\n\nELLIS: He was Presbyterian, Major Robinson. A nice guy, very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=11070.0,11100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"conscientious. As I\nsay, a deeply religious person. He asked me to pray over this matter of what\nofficer's candidate school I would like to go to, hoping that I would elect to\nchoose the one that he represented. But, in any case, I had my eye on going to\nair force officer's school. After 11 months ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=11100.0,11130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at Fort McPherson, not all of it\nspent in the classifications department, I was later able to get into public\nrelations and I was able to do daily radio programs in Atlanta for Fort\nMcPherson, and that turned out to be a nice job because the officer I had in the\npublic relations ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=11130.0,11160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"office allowed me to live off base so I made my own hours and\nspent most of my time writing scripts and then delivering them on the air. I\ncontinued this \"Reveille in Dixie\" program I mentioned earlier. I did a thing\ncalled \"The Army Reports\" or \"The Army Reporter\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=11160.0,11190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or something of that sort. It\nwas a daily show in which I gave information about the military, information,\nwhich I obtained through the army sources, and which the army wanted\ndisseminated. That was an interesting experience for another reason. Public\nrelations in those days, on most army posts, was combined with intelligence.\nSome of the fellows I worked ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=11190.0,11220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with in the public relations office were\nintelligence officers, or intelligence soldiers, and naturally I got some\ninsight into some of the things they were doing, although they were supposed to\nbe careful about how much they shared with someone who was not particularly in\nintelligence work. But that was an eye opening experience, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=11220.0,11250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"finding out how much\nintelligence work was carried out right here in Atlanta, Georgia, Which the\npublic never knew about. I also found out we had some Nazi sympathizers right on\nthe base, at Fort McPherson. But they were being monitored very carefully; their\nletters were being opened, although they didn't know it, and their incoming mail\nwas being checked, although they didn't know it.\n\nEVANS: Were they draftees? Civilian employees, or . . . ?\n\nELLIS: Yes, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=11250.0,11280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"draftees, but they were not being picked because it was deemed to\nthe advantage of our military authorities to just keep them under surveillance.\nAny kind of information that they tried to pass through was doctored before it\nwas mailed, although the people writing the letters didn't know it. That was a\nfascinating experience . . . I went through . . . I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=11280.0,11310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"left Fort McPherson and went\nto Maxwell Field, preparatory to going into officer's candidate school in Miami\nBeach, Florida. And when I came out of officer's candidate school, I immediately\nwent back to Maxwell Field, but not for very long, because I was recruited to\njoin a radio production unit that was being formed in Fort Worth, Texas under\nthe Air Force Training Command, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=11310.0,11340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and for the next several years I wrote and\nproduced radio programs, network radio programs. I finished out my military\ncareer at Wright Field in Ohio, where I was in charge of radio for the Air\nTechnical Service Command. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=11340.0,11370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was combining the service commands and technical\ncommands of the Air Force. After I got out of service, I came back to Atlanta\njust briefly to get the blessings of the man who was then managing the station,\na man by the name of John Outler. I told him I had decided ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=11370.0,11400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to take a fling at\nNew York. I had met and married my wife while I was in service, we met in Texas.\nWe went to New York and spent about a year and a half there. I did write and\nproduce numerous network programs there, but I came back to Atlanta in the\nmiddle of 1947 . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=11400.0,11430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the prospects of television coming on the scene in the\nnear future. Sure enough, in 1948, we opened the first television station in the\nSouth, WSB-TV. It began ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=11430.0,11460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"operations, not on Channel 2, but in those days on\nChannel 8. Which now is an educational channel. Later, Channel 2 became\navailable and was preferable, WSB-TV moved to it. I spent four years in\ntelevision as a TV pioneer, writing and producing a wide variety of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=11460.0,11490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"programs,\nincluding the first TV newscasts ever done in Atlanta and writing and producing\nmany of the other first TV commercials. Incidentally, a great many of those I\ndid on a freelance basis, I had a friend named Brad Crandall, and the two of us\nwent into ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=11490.0,11520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"partnership, and we had a business on the side, writing and producing\nradio, television, commercials, and also writing films for various companies.\nI'm trying to think of the name of the type of film . . . It's a . . .\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=11520.0,11550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"EVANS: Commercial film, corporate film . . .\n\nELLIS: Yes, commercial films . . . In other words, it's made for the purpose of\nexplaining and promoting a particular commercial or industrial interest.\n\nEVANS: Cox Broadcasting had no objection to that?\n\nELLIS: No. Salaries in those days were so modest that moonlighting was almost a\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=11550.0,11580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"necessity. There was a motion picture company here in town called Charles D.\nBeeland, Charlie Beeland used Brad Crandell and me as his chief writers, and we\ndid a great many films. We also produced the \"Baptist Hour\" on ABC ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=11580.0,11610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"radio, from\nAtlanta, for quite a while. I think for two seasons. That also was a freelance\njob. It had nothing to do with WSB. It was produced from the Baptist Center,\nwhich in those days was located in the old Arkwright mansion on Ponce de Leon\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=11610.0,11640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Avenue . . . At Channel 2 itself, I created a prototype for almost every type of\nprogram that is on television today. You name it, and I did it. Because the\nfield was wide open. Nobody had ever done it before. In some cases, you could\npick something that had been done on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=11640.0,11670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"radio and adapt it to television, but in\nmost cases, you were intrigued with the possibility of developing something that\nradio had never done because radio couldn't do it. An example, for instance, was\nthe first charade program. I had a show called \"Charade Parade,\" where two teams\ncompeted in doing charades. It was a great parlor game, but it was very\ndifficult to do on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=11670.0,11700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"radio. But it worked great on television. I had a program\nthat had guests in, very much like many programs are done today. Very much like\nJohnny Carson now does his show. This was called \"Mary Nell at Home.\" The woman\nwho was the hostess on it is Mary Nell Santacroce, a well-known Atlanta actress,\nwho's still active today. In fact, she had a leading role in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=11700.0,11730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the soap opera,\n\"the Caplins\" that was done on TBS, cable, until very recently. I had a spelling\nbee program. I had a crossword puzzle program.\n\nEVANS: Crossword puzzle?\n\nELLIS: Yes, I actually had a big crossword panel hanging on the wall, and two\ncontestants ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=11730.0,11760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"competing, and filling it out with words. [indistinct: 3:16:07:\npossibly: That was a fascinating four years.] Particularly the work with the\nnews. We had very little to work with the news reel that we got in was shipped\nin and it was days old when it came here. I may have told you this in some of\nour earlier ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=11760.0,11790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"conversations, but one of the interesting episodes was during the\nwar in the early days of . . . The fighting was on in Korea, at that time. We\ngot in some film footage, and it showed soldiers going into combat, on a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=11790.0,11820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"clear,\nsunny day. News that came on the wire that day from Korea concerned heavy\nmonsoon-type rains in Korea, I had a stagehand pour from a sprinkler can before\na black background, water, and superimposed this over this film footage, so that\nit looked ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=11820.0,11850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like the soldiers were marching through the rain rather than the sun.\n\nEVANS: How'd it look?\n\nELLIS: Pretty realistic! You had to be ingenious in those days. That's a type of\nfibbing, journalistically, which I think was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=11850.0,11880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"acceptable . . . By 1952, radio was\nin pretty dismal shape because of the rapid growth of television, and the\nmanagement at WSB asked me if I would come back to be program manager of WSB\nradio. Being a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=11880.0,11910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"loyal-type employee, I did, although I didn't really relish the\nidea of leaving television.\n\nEVANS: This was 1954?\n\nELLIS: 1952.\n\nEVANS: 1952.\n\nELLIS: I had spent 1948 to 1952, this was right at the end of 1952. I did accept\nthe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=11910.0,11940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"assignment, and it was a very challenging one, because we had to reawaken\ninterest, both on the part of the listener and the advertiser. But, with a great\ndeal of intensive effort, we succeeded and turned around the situation and\nrevitalized radio and made it very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=11940.0,11970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"successful. The results we achieved were\nimpressive enough to attract the interest and attention of broadcasters\nelsewhere. I started getting an awful lot of invitations to come and speak, and\nI literally crossed this country. I spoke in more than 40 states, Mexico and\nPuerto Rico, and Canada. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=11970.0,12000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had visiting delegations regularly from Japan and\nAustralia . . . One of the books that I wrote was translated into Japanese\nwithout my permission, but they were kind enough to come over here and give me a\ncopy of it. All I ever got from that. But I had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=12000.0,12030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the satisfaction of feeling\nthat, in a sense, I did play a key role in the revitalization, the rejuvenation\nof radio. I stayed with radio, and with Cox, until I elected to retire at the\nend of 1981. Meanwhile, I had become a vice president of the company and General\nManager of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=12030.0,12060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"WSB AM and FM operations, and I also for the last 10 or 15 years of\nmy career with Cox, served as a creative consultant with our other radio\nproperties throughout the country. I had put in more than 41 years, and I was\nready ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=12060.0,12090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to devote more time to the thing that interested me most, and that was\ncreative writing, I had less and less time to do because of managerial\nresponsibilities. In recent years, radio and television have become very much\nlike any other business; they've become ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=12090.0,12120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so bottom line oriented that managers\nhave to concern themselves primarily with being financial managers. Although, I\nwas always a successful manager, financially as well as in attracting and\nholding an audience, that was the least of my interests. I elected to retire a\ncouple of years before I reached the age ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=12120.0,12150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of 65, I retired at the age of 62,\nreally, and have enjoyed the several years since then doing a daily broadcast,\nin which I deal with a subject that interests me very much, that of\nself-improvement and self-management. I'm also doing a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=12150.0,12180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"weekly newspaper column;\nand I'm doing some speech making, as much as I feel that I want to give the time\nand effort to. The rest of my time I'm devoting to various civic, charitable,\nreligious, and educational interests, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=12180.0,12210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to my family.\n\nEVANS: Elmo, come back to the earlier years, with the pioneering stages of\ntelevision, and then the extraordinary things you did with the rejuvenation of\nradio. Just for a few moments, stay with the early, beginning moments of\ntelevision and reminisce a little out loud of the kinds of things you did, the\nsort of directions you took in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=12210.0,12240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it.\n\nELLIS: I've indicated to you that there was a great diversity in what I did. But\nit was not unusual to work not only long hours each day, but to work seven days\na week. To the best of my knowledge, I had programs seven days a week, for at\nleast the first two years that we were on the air, in television.\n\nEVANS: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=12240.0,12270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What was your title of responsibility?\n\nELLIS: Production manager.\n\nEVANS: Production manager of the TV station.\n\nELLIS: You also . . . But you didn't sit in an office and just manage. You\nactually produced. In my case, I did daily newscasts. I did all kinds of special\nevents. If the circus came to town, we covered the circus. If ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=12270.0,12300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was an\nelection, we did election night coverage. It was all much more difficult to do\nthan it is today, because . . . For instance, I can remember doing election\nnight coverage from the city room of the Atlanta Journal, using two cameras\nmounted on wooden tripods that were very cumbersome, There was no [indistinct:\n3:25:24] . . . You didn't have open space such as you would provide for in a\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=12300.0,12330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"studio. You had to get by in what limited space they would allow you, in a\ncrowded and busy newsroom, but we did it. We had a transit strike in Atlanta,\nand it made it difficult for shoppers to come downtown. In those days, virtually\nall the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=12330.0,12360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"shopping was done downtown, because you didn't have shopping malls like\nyou have today. Rich's Department Store, being concerned about that, talked with\nus about what could we do. We suggested why not do a daily television program\nright from Rich's, and show merchandise and then allow people to call Rich's and\nbuy it on the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=12360.0,12390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"phone. We originated a program called \"Rich's in your Home.\" It\nstarted out three hours a day, 11:00 AM to 2:00 PM. We later, after a year, cut\nit down to one hour a day. But the program proved to be so successful that it\nfar outlived the transit strike. We erected on one of the bridges, between the\nmain store and the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=12390.0,12420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"store for homes, a series of sets and a dolly track so that\nthe camera could move from one set to the next on a horizontal plane. They had\nfour studios in a row there, and when we would complete the action in one\nstudio, we'd take a break or do a commercial or switch back to the station or\nwhatever, and then move the cameras ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=12420.0,12450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"down to the next set and do the next\nproduction. I produced that thing all the time it was on the air. Thought\nnothing of it, just creating a three hour program, on a daily basis, going down\nthere and winging it . . .\n\nEVANS: What would the program consist of? Simply people holding up merchandise\nand describing it?\n\nELLIS: No, no. It ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=12450.0,12480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"became more and more sophisticated as people really learned\nhow to do it. We had a host and there was a representative from the store on\nevery set, for every feature, and usually we had on any given day several\ninteresting guests. Because a store of that importance always had people coming\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=12480.0,12510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in; representatives from . . . Designers, experts on makeup, or on shoes,\nclothing or whatever it might be. Often times interviews were done with them,\nthen as the program developed and became more popular, we'd started inviting\npeople in from the community too, and we were doing more public service stuff\nabout community activities and community events . . .\n\nEVANS: Was the host a professional ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=12510.0,12540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"talent or a store person?\n\nELLIS: A store person, whom I trained as we went along, some of the, became\nquite good.\n\nEVANS: Would you give out price information on the air?\n\nELLIS: Yes.\n\nEVANS: People could telephone in and buy it?\n\nELLIS: Sure. They had a regular shopping service available, by phone.\n\nEVANS: For commercial breaks, could Davison's or other stores advertise in\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=12540.0,12570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rich's . . . ?\n\nELLIS: I don't recall that ever being a particular problem. I don't think a\ncompetitive store like that had any interest--\n\nEVANS: As best you can remember, the first month, when television goes on the\nair . . . Today it's easy. You've got syndicated reruns and Hollywood stuff. You\nwere sitting there on a Thursday, and you go on the air Monday. What are you\ngoing to put on all day?\n\nELLIS: We didn't go on all day, and that was one saving ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=12570.0,12600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grace at least. We came\non the air in the morning with a test pattern. We would initially be on the air\nfor an hour or two and then take a break and come back later for an hour or two.\nThen in the evening, we'd come back for the final three hours, from 7:00 to\n10:00 PM, but it didn't take too ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=12600.0,12630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"long before we began to add to that. Syndicated\nprogramming began to appear on the market. Now a lot of it was pretty primitive,\nthat was being produced at the time. I remember one called \"Paradise Island,\" an\nearly musical program, with a singer named Danny O'Neill, I believe.\n\nEVANS: Were there network shows in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=12630.0,12660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"beginning?\n\nELLIS: No . . . There were a few on kinescope, some of the pioneers were Milton\nBerle and . . . Ed Wynn.\n\nEVANS: Oh, yes.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=12660.0,12690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ELLIS: But programs began to develop pretty quickly, and there were some\nHollywood films that were available, \"Hopalong Cassidy.\" A rather large library\nof his old cowboy movies. They were presented in the afternoons, around 4:00 PM\nand kids would . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=12690.0,12720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Usually maybe there was one television set in the\nneighborhood. I know we had one in our house, and all the kids used to come over\nand knock on the door and my wife would let them in and they would all crowd\naround this 12 or 13 inch set to watch the cowboys, the Hopalong Cassidy Show in\nthe afternoon. Most of the programming we had to develop ourselves.\n\nEVANS: Did the early relationships with the networks, did they simply follow the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=12720.0,12750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pattern of experience from radio? Early television relationships with the\nnetworks? Did they simply flow into what radio had been?\n\nELLIS: Yes. The same people that you had dealt with on the network level in\nradio, became your contacts on television. But again, it wasn't too long before\nthey began to divide up into certain network people who were concerned\nexclusively with television and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=12750.0,12780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those who remained with radio. The\nspecialization didn't take too long.\n\nEVANS: Talk about the early newscasts. Was it done like radio, simply, in front\nof a camera?\n\nELLIS: Initially. Because you didn't . . .\n\nEVANS: It could be your voice on there . . . about how the news began, done like\nradio, only in front of a camera.\n\nELLIS: Oh, yes . . . The early television newscast consisted of a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=12780.0,12810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reporter\nsitting at a desk, reading news reports that had been taken from Associated\nPress or United Press wire. The news copy was supplemented by still photos,\nwhich again were supplied, generally, by Associated Press, International News\nService, which then existed, and United Press. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=12810.0,12840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It wasn't too long before . . .\nafter we went on the air that we started getting some form of news reel that was\nbeing processed for television. It was quite old by the time we got it, at least\n24 to 48 hours old. You used it for feature value or for backgrounding more than\nyou did for actual, immediate news ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=12840.0,12870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"coverage. But people were fascinated with\ntelevision itself and weren't too critical about the product they were getting.\nThe matter of covering news was not too demanding, because even radio had never\nreally been very venturesome in that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=12870.0,12900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sense. It was pretty much reliant on the\nnews services to supply the news product, and the announcer just read it, the\ncopy. Only in the later years did radio become aggressive and start doing some reporting.\n\nEVANS: If you were to look at an anchor person's copy in those beginning days,\nwould it be almost ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=12900.0,12930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"identical to a radio copy for a newscast? The anchor TV copy?\n\nELLIS: In the early days? Yes. Very little effort was made in the early days to\nchange it or adapt it to television. In the first place, they had no examples,\nno teachers to tell them that it could or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=12930.0,12960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"should be done differently. It was a\nmatter of learning and developing television techniques by experience.\n\nEVANS: Thinking of Hollywood and documentaries and some of the early news type\nfeature Hollywood things, \"the March of Time,\" for example, did those make any\nkind of appearance in early TV?\n\nELLIS: I don't recall anything like \"the March of Time,\" for two ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=12960.0,12990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reasons. One,\nprincipally being the matter of cost. You had so few television stations on the\nair, and the audience was still so limited because there weren't that many sets\nin use, the advertising was limited. The people producing the programs, both on\nthe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=12990.0,13020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"national level and the local, just didn't have the money to spend for being\nambitious. They had to keep everything very simple and inexpensive, you couldn't\ndo anything like a big news program, similar to what \"the March of Time\" sounded\nlike on radio. It had to come in time. Frankly, if anybody had told me in those\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=13020.0,13050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"days that television today would be spending millions and millions of dollars to\nproduce one television program or one television series, just a mini-series\nsometimes I would not have believed it. I would have said, \"There is no way you\ncan generate enough money to make that possible.\" But we've found out that it\ncan be done. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=13050.0,13080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The comparison between those early days is similar to comparing the\nWright airplane, that flew the first time at Kitty Hawk [North Carolina], to\ntoday's jet airliner. There just is no comparison.\n\nEVANS: Elmo, in those days, one management owned both television and radio. Was\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=13080.0,13110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"management concerned that its own television might be competitive and cut into\nits own radio revenue?\n\nELLIS: In some companies there was that fear, but our management did not worry\nabout that. I mentioned Leonard Reinsch earlier. He always was a strong believer\nthat there was room in the marketplace for as many different types of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=13110.0,13140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"service as\ncould provide something of value to the public. In other words, if we go back to\nwhen radio appeared on the scene, some people thought it was going to kill\nnewspapers. Then, when television came on, they thought it was going to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=13140.0,13170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kill\nradio. All of these fears have proved to be groundless. In our case, I can give\nyou a good example how we felt as compared with some other broadcasters. In the\nearly days of FM broadcasting, there was little audience and no advertising,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=13170.0,13200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some companies that had gotten FM licenses turned them back, because they didn't\nthink they had any value. Some big companies did this. Westinghouse, for\ninstance, whom you'd think, with their expertise would know better . . . Storer\nBroadcasting had some FM licenses which they relinquished. In some cases, these\ncompanies ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=13200.0,13230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gave the stations to various educational institutions. In our case,\nour management believed in the potential of FM and held on to them. They were smarter.\n\nEVANS: In those days you weren't programming FM?\n\nELLIS: Initially we were using just recorded music, on tape. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=13230.0,13260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But as early as\n1962 we went local programming on FM, and that was quite early. Because the real\nrevolution in FM broadcasting didn't occur until at least 10 years later.\n\nEVANS: Tell me about your conversations with management when they asked you to\nmove from television to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=13260.0,13290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"radio.\n\nELLIS: They weren't prolonged because I never negotiated with my management. I\nwas always a loyal-type employee who assumed that my bosses knew best. There was\na great deal of naivete involved in that, but I guess it also reflects my\npersonality. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=13290.0,13320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I did agonize over it somewhat, to the extent that when it was\npresented to me, I said, \"Let me think about it.\" I went home and talked it over\nwith my wife, and considered it, but I believe I only just spent that one night\nthinking about it. It's possible it could have happened over a weekend; it could\nhave been a weekend at the longest. After ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=13320.0,13350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which I came back and said, \"I'm happy\nin television, but if you really feel that you need me in radio, then I will\naccept it.\" I later learned that some of my colleagues thought I was foolish to\nhave done it, I think they felt that I could have very freely said, \"No, I don't\nwant it,\" and that would have been all right; I would not have lost ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=13350.0,13380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"face, with\nthe company. But I elected not to do it.\n\nEVANS: Why?\n\nELLIS: Out of feeling that that's what a good, loyal employee should do. In\nretrospect, I think it was a sound decision for several reasons. I might have\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=13380.0,13410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"continued in television and never really gone very far with it. I guess I might\nhave ended up managing the television station. But when I returned to radio, it\nproved to be, in a sense, a golden opportunity, because radio was sort of a\ndesert, waiting for somebody to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=13410.0,13440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"make it bloom again. In the industry, I became\npretty widely recognized as a radio pioneer, and that still hangs on to a\ncertain extent. When I go to industry meetings, I'm still ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=13440.0,13470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"accepted in that\nsense, as one of the fellows who brought radio back to life.\n\nEVANS: In broadcasting terminology, a segue, let's segue into, then, how you\nstarted making radio boom in those early days. What did you do?\n\nELLIS: Radio, in 1952, on a network station, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=13470.0,13500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"program wise, was dependent on\noutside sources in much the same way that a television station is dependent\ntoday. As you know, the typical television station does virtually no local\nprogramming, other than a few newscasts. Radio was in a similar ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=13500.0,13530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"situation in\n1952. The programming, most of the programming, consisted of daytime soap operas\nand nighttime variety programs, comedy, mystery, etc., and when those programs\nbegan to dry up, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=13530.0,13560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"radio was left with nothing to put on. I elected to develop\nradio as an extremely localized service, and that word \"service\" is critical,\nbecause it marked our departure from entertainment and put emphasis on\ninformation, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=13560.0,13590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it meant building up a news staff and reporting local news, in a\nway that it had never been reported before. Actually, knocking on doors and\nasking people questions and finding out what was going on in the town. It meant\ngetting into editorializing. It meant getting into intensive weather reports;\ninto all types of local ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=13590.0,13620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sports; into all types of community activities. It meant\nreporting traffic, which was a new idea. I can recall getting a letter from\nsomebody who was amused, by saying, \"Why would a listener in Athens, Georgia\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=13620.0,13650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"care about hearing from WSB that a traffic light was not functioning on\nPeachtree Street in Atlanta?\" Matters like that proved to be of no serious\nconsequence. But localizing radio did prove to be a tremendously exciting thing.\nPeople didn't realize radio could be so much ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=13650.0,13680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fun because it changed from being\nan impersonal form of entertainment . . . just fed into the radio receiver . . .\ninto an extremely personal one. Because these voices were hometown people, and\nthey were as near as a telephone; or, as available as just going and catching an\nelevator and going ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=13680.0,13710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=13710.0,13740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"see them. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=13740.0,13770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I say ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=13770.0,13800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=13800.0,13830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that sense, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=13830.0,13860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because at that time\nWSB ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=13860.0,13890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"still was operating from the 10th floor of the Biltmore Hotel. People were\ninvited to come and visit, and they did.\n\nEVANS: In those days, could you take a telephone and put someone on the air?\n\nELLIS: Yes, but not with the ease that you do now. Yes, you could broadcast a .\n. .\n\nEVANS: In those days, did they yet have audio tape to record?\n\nELLIS: No. I don't know what year audio tape came on the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=13890.0,13920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"scene, but it was a\nlittle bit later.\n\nEVANS: That meant that, in the beginning, a reporter covering something, he\nreally came back and wrote and spoke into a mic? There was no location recording.\n\nELLIS: Yes, but that didn't last too long . . . We'd have to check back and find\nout just when tape did come on the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=13920.0,13950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"scene, but we were beginning to see tape\nrecorders. They were big and they were cumbersome. Yes, a lot of your reporting\nhad to be done by telephone or by reporters coming back and writing the story.\n\nEVANS: In those days, were there audience measuring services yet?\n\nELLIS: Yes, there was one called ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=13950.0,13980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pulse. The head man was a man named Syd Roslow,\nand one of his sons is still in the broadcast research business. I believe Syd\nis still alive, living in Florida. Nielsen did some measuring with devices, and\nI understand television is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=13980.0,14010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"getting around to using those mechanical boxes more\nand more. They're talking about putting them here in Atlanta again.\n\nEVANS: The reason I asked about the audience measuring is that if your things\nwere so original and innovative, how did you measure success in the early days?\n\nELLIS: We did have . . . We did buy audience measurement, but advertisers did\nnot ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=14010.0,14040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"put as much emphasis on it then as they do now. You didn't have as many\nstations on the air, and you could document success even with letters. Taking a\nbag of mail to New York with you on a selling trip was an impressive way to show\nhow popular you were. Local ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=14040.0,14070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"advertisers bought you on your sound. They knew\nthemselves from tuning in whether they liked what you were doing or not. One of\nthe ways that we were able to measure the revitalization of WSB was the fact\nthat it started increasing business as well as audience. We also started ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=14070.0,14100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"getting\na lot of national publicity. I wrote a great many articles that appeared in\ntrade publications, particularly, so that at one time, I don't remember who it\nwas, a survey was done without our knowledge to find out what were the best\nknown call letters on radio and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=14100.0,14130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"television. On that particular survey, the\nnumber one call letters in the United States, on radio, were WSB. This was not\nin 1952, this was years later, after the rebuilding process had taken place.\nThis was in the 1970's.\n\nEVANS: Elmo, how much of that early success do you attribute to WSB being one of\nthose very few in number, 50,000 watt clear channel stations?\n\nELLIS: It was a great ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=14130.0,14160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"advantage, there's no question about it. Because not only\nwere we able to attract listeners locally, but we were able to attract listeners\nall over the United States, and all over the world.\n\nEVANS: Really?\n\nELLIS: Yes. We used to get fan mail from New Zealand, Australia, England,\nGermany. You name it.\n\nEVANS: Did your rate structure reflect that?\n\nELLIS: It was slow to reflect ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=14160.0,14190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it, really, because in those days . . . When I\nfirst started the rebuilding process, I was not the manager of the station, I\nwas in charge of programming, and the management and sales were handled by\nothers, who were very conservative. When I became the manager of the station, in\n1964, it wasn't long before I started boosting ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=14190.0,14220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up the prices. At the time that I\nretired, WSB had one of the highest rates of any radio station in the United\nStates. Higher than most radio stations in New York, and Los Angeles\n[California], and Chicago [Illinois]. Our compensation from network, I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=14220.0,14250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"believe,\nwas the highest of any such compensation in the United States.\n\nEVANS: More than WWL, or . . . ?\n\nELLIS: Far, far more.\n\nEVANS: More than the other 50,000 watt channels?\n\nELLIS: Yes.\n\nEVANS: Why?\n\nELLIS: I bargained better. No, it was not just that. WSB was the top rated NBC\nradio station in the country, and that was worth something when you talked to\nthe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=14250.0,14280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"network. It was worth something to them, too, because they could say to an\nadvertiser, we've got Atlanta locked up with WSB.\n\nEVANS: How did you compare, though, with a station like WWL in New Orleans or\nKDKA in Pittsburgh [Pennsylvania], the few others that were in the same category?\n\nELLIS: When you mentioned New Orleans . . . We were far ahead of them, because\nthey have never been that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=14280.0,14310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"innovative and they remained on sort of a traditional\ncourse through the years, and they never enjoyed this enormous growth such as we\ndid. They really existed, pretty much on the basis of their power. They would\nreally not be a good ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=14310.0,14340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"comparison. KDKA would be, because they were aggressive,\nand they did very well. But those stations who were the real dynamic leaders\ncould almost be numbered on the fingers of one hand.\n\nEVANS: They were . . . ?\n\nELLIS: KDKA. KMOX in St. Louis [Missouri]. WCCO in Minneapolis [Minnesota]. WSB\n. . . you had some other ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=14340.0,14370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"powerhouses in New York and in Los Angeles, and in\nChicago, but they were not particularly innovative. Most of them really had very\ndark, dismal days, or years, before the revitalization of the radio industry\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=14370.0,14400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"itself caused them to have a rebirth, or renaissance of sorts. But it wasn't so\nmuch on what they did themselves. But the four stations that I mentioned were\nleaders, innovators.\n\nEVANS: When you returned to radio in 1952, was WSB then part of the NBC network?\n\nELLIS: It remained part of the NBC network throughout ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=14400.0,14430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my association with it.\nRecently, since I have retired, it has severed that relationship, both on\ntelevision and on radio.\n\nEVANS: Why on radio?\n\nELLIS: I didn't make the decision so I couldn't give you an official answer. I\nhave been told, unofficially, that they got a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=14430.0,14460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"contract with ABC that they liked,\nand that they preferred the new service that ABC provided, and apparently, they\nweren't too interested in anything much more than the news service.\n\nEVANS: Back to the innovative beginning, as you put it, with WSB, in the 1950's,\nyou speak of the transition from entertainment to information. Was music a part\nof that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=14460.0,14490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"programming?\n\nELLIS: Yes. It always was a part, but it was not dominant the way it is dominant\non most radio stations today. I elected to move in that direction for a very\ndefinite reason. Anybody can play music. What you play can be duplicated easily\nby your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=14490.0,14520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"competitors. But your competitor finds it very difficult to duplicate\nwhat you do in the way of talk programming. He finds it hard to duplicate your\ncreativity. This is where WSB had a unique position in the community, and was\nacknowledged as a leader, not only by the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=14520.0,14550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"listeners and advertisers, but by\nother broadcasters in the community, too.\n\nEVANS: Did you find it difficult to attract creative people to come join you? To\nwork with you?\n\nELLIS: Yes, one of my weaknesses and strengths was the fact I was always the\ndominant creative figure in our operation. I was very much a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=14550.0,14580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hands-on manager,\nand developed a lion's share of what went on the air.\n\nEVANS: Why is that a weakness?\n\nELLIS: It's always considered a weakness in management if you do too much\nyourself. A good manager is supposed to delegate. I found it difficult to find\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=14580.0,14610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people who were willing to work at modest salaries, who shared my enthusiasm for\ninnovation. Most of them could do less demanding jobs. They could report or they\ncould read news, or they could announce . . . But ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=14610.0,14640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"creating ideas is a much more\ndemanding and selective type of job, and I guess, in the first place, you don't\nfind that many people who want to do that sort of thing. They don't want to be\nsaddled with that much responsibility.\n\nEVANS: If you couldn't pay them well, could you really expect them to come join you?\n\nELLIS: Unless you're prepared to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=14640.0,14670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pay premium salaries, which the company did not\npay, then you couldn't attract that kind of person. But if you attract\nindividuals like that, and you give them carte blanche to be creative, you might\nend up with just a hodgepodge of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=14670.0,14700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"creativity. There has to be a reason, a\nrationale, behind what you're trying to accomplish, and somebody has to bring it\nall into focus, and that was the role that I played. While you try to encourage\nyour people to be inventive, and ingenious, and creative, it had to be done\nwithin a certain ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=14700.0,14730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"framework, because, again, it was my conviction that WSB, as a\nstation, had to be more important, than any individual associated with it. That\nmeant that if an announcer elected to leave and go to another station, it didn't\npresent any ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=14730.0,14760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"critical problem for us. WSB was still there, so you get a new\nannouncer. That was different, again, from a great many radio stations where\nthey have \"the Joe McDoakes Show\" and \"the Tom Smith Show\" and \"the Lucky\nSomebody Show\" . . . If \"Lucky Somebody\" left, you were left with a hole,\nbecause nobody knew how to do what he was doing.\n\nEVANS: You ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=14760.0,14790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"purposely avoided doing personalities and stars?\n\nELLIS: Yes. I didn't avoid billing them but didn't make that the prime\nrequisite. The prime requisite for an employee was his ability to deliver the\ninformation and services that the program was designed to convey.\n\nEVANS: Over time, as some of your air personalities became known, and developed,\nwhether ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=14790.0,14820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you wished it or no, a celebrity status, wouldn't their departure have\nhurt your ratings? Your audience?\n\nELLIS: Fortunately, it didn't. WSB remained very strong and very dominant, and\nsome of our ratings were so large that some people today find it hard to\nbelieve. There is a young man working now for WGST . . . a man by the name of\nJohn Kramer, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=14820.0,14850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who records me every week, in a syndicated series that I'm doing.\nHe says that he worked for a short time at WSB FM, although I didn't remember\nhim at the time. I think he perhaps was only there for a brief period, but he\nsaid he used to be astounded when he would see the rating books and see ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=14850.0,14880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we\nhad 40 shares . . . sometimes going up on some events as high as 75 percent.\n\nEVANS: How many stations in the market?\n\nELLIS: By the time of the 1970's, we had 25 to 30 stations. Initially, when I\nfirst came to Atlanta, there were only four to five radio stations. At the time\nI came back into ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=14880.0,14910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"radio in 1952, there probably were ten stations on the air.\n\nEVANS: Elmo, talk to me a little bit about your interest in being on the air\nyourself. In addition to being the manager and directing it, you also wanted to\nwrite and to broadcast.\n\nELLIS: I always have written. I guess there never was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=14910.0,14940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time and I never got too\nbusy to do some writing of some sort. Broadcasting I never did, in the sense\nthat I acted as an announcer. I've never worked as an announcer in my life. The\nonly kind of broadcasting I ever did was some airing certain things, generally\nthat I wrote, in the form of commentaries, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=14940.0,14970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"editorials, poems. I've won about a\ndozen Freedom Foundation Awards with poems that I wrote and narrated personally.\nThat was typical of the sort of thing I did on the air. I decided in about 1958\nthat I would like to do a daily book review. Frankly, I had a selfish purpose in\nmind. I wanted to get some free ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=14970.0,15000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"books. I let publishers know that I was going to\ndo a daily book review, and they put me on their mailing list for books, and I\nliterally did it. I would read and review a book a day.\n\nEVANS: Five times a week?\n\nELLIS: Yes. I did that for a number of years, long enough that people still\nmention it to me. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=15000.0,15030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did collect some pretty good books. That put me on the air,\nbut those reviews were typical of the sort of things I did on the air. Sometimes\nI would act in a play that I had written when we needed someone to fill a role.\nThat sort of thing.\n\nEVANS: I'm thinking of the analogy to Ralph McGill and the Atlanta Constitution.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=15030.0,15060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was an editor who wanted to write and be in his own paper. You wanted to be\non your own station on the air.\n\nELLIS: Yes . . . It wasn't the overriding consideration because I really spent\nmost of my time and energies in developing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=15060.0,15090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"programming that other people did. I\ndid . . . as I advanced in my career . . . I guess one of the things that got me\non the air regularly was editorializing, and on most stations, it is generally\naccepted that the manager do it unless you have an editorial ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=15090.0,15120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"director.\nInterestingly enough, Cox brought in an editorial director here for a very short\ntime, when we first started editorializing; authorized this manager to\neditorialize. We found out that the editorial director really didn't have as\nmuch of a grasp of the local scene ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=15120.0,15150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as the managers did. In my own case, I didn't\nmind it at all because I enjoyed that sort of thing. When he moved on, I just\nstarted doing it myself. The manager of our television station did not write his\neditorials, but he did deliver them. I wrote and delivered mine.\n\nEVANS: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=15150.0,15180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tell me how you used to see your role in the community, in terms of your\nbeing an editorialist on the air.\n\nELLIS: I didn't have any conflict. They really fitted quite well together,\nbecause I envisioned the radio station itself as being a citizen of the\ncommunity and having an obligation ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=15180.0,15210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to find ways of being helpful to the\ncommunity and to its citizens. A great many of my editorials reflected that.\nThey were very positive suggestions, recommendations, efforts to get things done\nthat I felt were important to the welfare of the people of the city.\n\nEVANS: Did you see ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=15210.0,15240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that in any way as paralleling the community role that an\neditor, like a Ralph McGill, had?\n\nELLIS: Very much so. I think he also felt that way as an editorialist.\n\nEVANS: Tell me about . . . Was there any relationship between you and him?\n\nELLIS: No, not of any consequence . . . When I came back to Atlanta from New\nYork, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=15240.0,15270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In addition to my work at WSB, I finished up graduate work at Emory that I\nhad started prior to World War II, and in the course of doing some of my\nresearch, and writing, I found occasion several times to make appointments to\ntalk with Ralph McGill about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=15270.0,15300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"matters that I was interested in, and particularly\na series that I was writing about the black person in the South and what could\nbe done to emancipate him. This was before the Supreme Court decision of 1954.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=15300.0,15330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ralph McGill also shared similar interests and concerns. I did interview him on\nseveral occasions, in his office. I guess the only man who ever had a worse\nlooking or more paper cluttered office than I did was Ralph McGill.\n\nEVANS: I remember that desk. He used to have the roll top . . .\n\nELLIS: Yes. Right.\n\nEVANS: I remember ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=15330.0,15360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Reg kept that. Reg Murphy [J. Reginald Murphy], that goes in a\ndifferent direction . . . I want to go back and pick up something you mentioned\nearlier. You talked about the rejuvenation of radio and your talked about your\nbook, the one translated into Japanese. Tell me a little bit more about the\nbooks and the things that you have been involved in that have been printed like that.\n\nELLIS: That particular book was called Radio Station Management, and it was\nco-authored with Leonard Reinsch ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=15360.0,15390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but, of course, I had the responsibility for\nwriting it. It was published by . . . one of the major publishers . . .\nUniversity press I believe. It was widely circulated in the broadcast industry\nand was used by a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=15390.0,15420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"great many colleges and universities as a text in courses on\nradio management for a number of years. That book came out in 1960. It was a\npretty comprehensive book. Somebody who was actually interested in starting a\nradio station or getting into radio management would have found it quite useful.\n\nEVANS: Have you done any updated editions?\n\nELLIS: No, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=15420.0,15450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that particular book just eventually went out of print. I have done\nanother book called . . . Opportunities in Broadcast Careers. It's about careers\nin radio, and television, and cable. I'm in the process now of updating the\nthird edition of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=15450.0,15480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that. I have been asked by the publisher about every three\nyears to update it. I did a book on . . . This sort of reflects my philosophy of\nliving called Happiness is Worth the Effort. It came out in 1970. That was not\nreissued either, and I still get requests. I just got a call two nights ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=15480.0,15510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ago from\nsomebody wondering, \"Where in the world can I buy it?\" Of course, he can't. A\npublisher approached me and asked me if I would be interested in doing a book. I\ntook some of the same kind of material that I was doing on the air, in the form\nof daily commentaries and amplified it into a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=15510.0,15540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"book. I would say, sort of a\nworking subtitle would be 'Lessons on Living.' Those are examples of some of the\nbooks that I've done. Articles, I've written a ton of articles for broadcasting,\nradio-television age, publications of that sort, about radio and television, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=15540.0,15570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and\nlocally I've written a lot of articles for local papers and magazines.\n\nEVANS: Ever any thought about collecting any of those?\n\nELLIS: Yes, I've thought about it, and I think . . . I'm trying now to find time\nto put together one or more ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=15570.0,15600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"books, It's been my experience, though, that when\nI'm asked to do a book or do a speech and I accept, it's very difficult for me\nto go back and take material that I've used before and reuse it. I find that\nchanging times demand that I do something new and different. I end up turning\nout a new ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=15600.0,15630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"product.\n\nEVANS: Elmo, do you recall, thinking in terms of the AJC's [the American Jewish\nCongress or the American Jewish Committee] interest in this, do you recall any\nof your radio programming that ever went into any Jewish subjects?\n\nELLIS: I never did a series on Jewish subjects per se because I never worked in\nan environment where that kind of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=15630.0,15660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"programming was called for. In a commercial\nradio station, you're speaking to a universal audience and while you might deal\nwith a Jewish subject on an individual program at one time or another, or a\npersonality who happens to be Jewish, you're not likely to develop a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=15660.0,15690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"series on\nJudaism or a specifically Jewish subject. I have dealt with Jewish subjects in\nother ways. For instance, I helped Janice Rothschild [Blumberg] in the writing\nof the history of the Temple. I've written articles for the Southern Israelite.\nThey used to have a Southern Israelite monthly magazine, which I wrote articles\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=15690.0,15720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for, including one about my Dad, which I'm glad I did, because it gave me an\nopportunity to go into some detail about his life. In some of the material that\nwas supplied to you; there may have been a xerox of that article. I've written\nand published poetry. I've had a book of poems published.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=15720.0,15750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"EVANS: Thinking back to . . . Was it 1956? Rabbi Jack Rothschild and the bombing\nof the Temple. Do you recall any radio related activity in the aftermath of the\nTemple bombing in Atlanta?\n\nELLIS: Yes, I remember not only the coverage we did, but I remember some\ndiscussions that I was involved in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=15750.0,15780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"regarding how best to handle a situation like\nthis. Because obviously it was something new, for the Temple and for the\ncommunity. I did get involved in some discussions, both on a professional basis\nat the radio station, but also, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=15780.0,15810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I seem to recall some discussions with Jack\nRothschild and with others at the Temple regarding it, simply because I was in\nthe broadcasting business. Jack was a very wise and a knowledgeable person\nhimself, and he was also a very honest ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=15810.0,15840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"person and I think that's what was called\nfor in this case, to be as open and frank about it as possible. Fortunately, the\ncommunity did rally sympathetically around the Temple at this time.\n\nEVANS: Elmo, have you ever reflected on the ephemeral character of your medium?\nI remember once Ed Murrow talking a little bit about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=15840.0,15870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this. If you go back to the\nTemple bombing, there is a front page editorial by an editor like that that\nstill can be seen in the morgues in historical archives. Early radio is not\npreserved, if we're not there to hear it then, it's gone forever.\n\nELLIS: Right. Anything that I might have written or said at that time . . . The\nonly ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=15870.0,15900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"records I have are copies of the broadcasts that I did. For instance, an\nawful lot of my commentaries have been saved and I've shared copies of most of\nthem with Emory University. I do have quite a few volumes or at least loose leaf\nnotebooks, full of them, upstairs in my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=15900.0,15930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"office.\n\nEVANS: But that's not the medium.\n\nELLIS: That's right. It's in a typed, or printed form, and not in a broadcast form.\n\nEVANS: Have you ever mused about radio's impermanence in that regard?\n\nELLIS: Yes, and it bothers me to some extent. Not only from the personal\nstandpoint, that I wish I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=15930.0,15960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had records, permanent recordings of so many things\nthat I did through the years that no longer exist . . . It bothers me also from\nthe standpoint that people should be able to go back and hear . . . In the case\nof television, what really occurred at that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=15960.0,15990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time. Sad to say, not many stations\nare making any more effort to save material now than they were 30 to 40 years\nago. They're still throwing it away. I read something just today, I hope it's\ntrue, that the Museum of Broadcasting in New York is getting ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=15990.0,16020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"recordings of\neverything that NBC did from its beginning in 1926 to 1969 and is transferring\nthis to tapes. I question how extensive the recordings of any sort would have\nbeen from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=16020.0,16050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1926 to about 1940. I don't really believe NBC had a great library.\nBecause making recordings was cumbersome. I'd be interested to know what they\nmean by all the broadcasts since 1926. I just don't believe that they were\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=16050.0,16080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"recording many things in 1926.\n\nEVANS: Elmo, if you were a young man today and wanted to be innovative in\nbroadcasting, what would you do that would be different?\n\nELLIS: In radio? That is a little too challenging for me to try to answer here\nin any detail. Because ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=16080.0,16110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it would almost be like plotting out a new career. I'd\nhave to sit down and really do some homework. I do think about it casually, but\nI don't really think about it too deeply, because I don't have to. I would\nanswer it this way; that if I were a young person going into radio today, one of\nthe things I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=16110.0,16140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would investigate is areas of potential service that are not being\ncovered by radio or television today. When I say areas of potential service,\nwhat kind of information does the public want or need that is not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=16140.0,16170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"being given to\nit? At first blush, you might think, \"There's nothing, because surely they've\nthought of everything.\" That's not true at all, I'm sure. I'm certain that there\nare many types of service and information that are not being supplied, and\nnobody really has thought too ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=16170.0,16200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much about them. I'll give you an example of\nsomething that has been tried, at least once, but I haven't heard about it being\ndone with success since then, and that is putting classified ads on the air.\nWhat about running a radio station that didn't do anything except classified\nads? I think that would be a distinct service, and I think you could make it\nprofitable. But nobody's doing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=16200.0,16230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it. It's an example, though, of how you could run\na different type radio station and probably do better than some of these\nstations are doing now.\n\nEVANS: Were you ever tempted, with the innovation at WSB, to go in the direction\nof either A. the all news or B. the all talk format?\n\nELLIS: Didn't have to, because the radio station was always strong enough and\nreached such a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=16230.0,16260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"large audience that it would have been foolish to have gone\nspecialized in format. We would have been deliberately eliminating audience.\nI'll tell you, although I don't want to sound critical about anybody who has\nfollowed me in deciding what goes on the air at WSB, but it was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=16260.0,16290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pretty apparent\nthat after I retired/those who were making the decisions, elected to trim down\nvery much on the type service that WSB provided. It became much less\ncomprehensive and went in much more for music but not a great deal more ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=16290.0,16320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it is\nalso true that the size of the audience diminished dramatically, and I think\nthere is a relationship between those two. If I were running the radio station,\nI would try to make it, again, a comprehensive radio station. I hear some\nevidence, although I don't listen to the radio station, I don't listen to any\nradio very much anymore, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=16320.0,16350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I know that they have gotten back baseball, the\nBraves, and they're getting a lot of Falcon football. Of course, they have\nUniversity of Georgia football. That alone will make them comprehensive in\nsports. If they make some effort to increase their emphasis on news, that will\ncut down somewhat ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=16350.0,16380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the music and increase information. They also seem to have\nadded more talk programming at night. This seems to be a trend back toward more\nof the type of radio that I developed at WSB.\n\nEVANS: Elmo, you're a man with enormous success in your professional career in\nradio, yet now that you've retired you don't listen to much radio.\n\nELLIS: I don't have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=16380.0,16410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to. I'll tell you this . . . that when I was in active\nmanagement, virtually all of my listening was to my own radio station. I used to\ncomment about that when I was talking to other broadcasters. I made a point of\nsaying that I did this, and I said \"Most radio stations that are in trouble, are\nmanaged by people who ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=16410.0,16440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"listen to their competitors. All they do when they listen\nto their competitors is either get scared or imitate, both of which are wrong.\nDon't try to do what the fellow across the street is doing. He's already doing\nit. Do something else and do it better than he does what he does.\" I really,\nliterally, never did pay much attention to what my competitors were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=16440.0,16470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"doing. When\nI got out of radio and retired, there was really no need to even listen to the\none station that I thought I should listen to, and that was my own. I would\nlisten to radio, I suppose, if it were doing interesting things that I wanted to\nlisten to. I don't hear radio doing many interesting things. I tried to put on\nthings that I thought were interesting. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=16470.0,16500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just don't see much creativity in\nradio now, and I think that's sort of sad.\n\nEVANS: At a time of national crisis, I'm thinking now of the summer of 1985, the\nhijacking, when there really is a tremendous need for news, do you find yourself\ngoing back to radio, or do you go to television?\n\nELLIS: Generally, I'm sorry to say it, but I think you can get quicker news\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=16500.0,16530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"service on television today than you can from radio. Just a day or two ago, when\nsomething broke on the hostage situation . . . I guess it was when they released\nthis gentleman, Coleman from Little Rock [Arkansas], I saw . . . They broke into\na television program . . . Incidentally, I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=16530.0,16560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"warned my fellow broadcasters that\nthis was going to happen. A few years ago, television wasn't breaking into\nprograms. They didn't think it was important or necessary. They've learned to do\nit now. But they broke into the \"Hour\" show on television, which comes on in\nAtlanta from nine AM to ten AM. I was watching before I had to go ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=16560.0,16590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to a meeting\nelsewhere, and I had to leave this program and got onto the radio and do you\nknow I couldn't get any similar coverage on radio, even on the so-called\nnews-and-information stations. There are two in Atlanta and neither of them had\nthis news conference on, where the man who had been released by the hijackers,\nwas talking to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=16590.0,16620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"newsmen in Cyprus. The only place it was available was on\ntelevision. I think that's terrible! I can assure you, if I were still manager\nof the radio station, we would have had that news conference on. If it were not\navailable from NBC, which was my network, I would have burned their britches for\nnot making it available. Simply, there's been a deterioration apparently ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=16620.0,16650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in\nradio's news coverage, and I'm sad to say, in radio's desire to be innovative\nand to show leadership in new ideas. I can't say there's been that much\nleadership in television either, except television is so enormously successful\nthat it buys a certain amount of creativity. There's no ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=16650.0,16680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"great desire to do it;\nthey simply want to make money, and in buying programming they get a certain\namount of creativity. Television today, in competing one network against\nanother, buys a certain amount of initiative, simply because it has to. If one\nnetwork is covering a big news event, the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=16680.0,16710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other two networks feel compelled to\nsend reporters and cover it also, the public gets served, not because the\nnetworks necessarily want to do it, but because they feel they have to.\n\nEVANS: Elmo, let's go back and pick up, if we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=16710.0,16740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can, your reflections on being one\nof the first Jews that a major national corporation hired in broadcasting, that\nmany decades ago.\n\nELLIS: At the time I was hired, in 1940, fresh out of the University of Alabama,\nthe prospect of being the only Jew in an organization did not seem too unusual\nto me, because there weren't many Jewish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=16740.0,16770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"professionals in any kind of\norganization, and when I came over for an interview I was ushered into the\ngeneral manager's office and was interviewed not by one person, but by a\ncommittee of five. There was the general manager, the sales manager, the program\ndirector, the production manager and the chief ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=16770.0,16800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"engineer and I can only surmise\nthat they wanted to make sure that everybody was comfortable with me. I think\nknowing something about my credentials, I think they were reasonably sure they\nwere interested in me for that purpose, but I think they wanted to see if, as a\npersonality, I would be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=16800.0,16830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"suitable. Because I don't think anybody else was ever\ninterviewed in quite that way. I'm sure others who were hired were interviewed\nby just one person at a time. In any case, I must have passed the test with\nflying colors because the interview didn't last long. It was pleasant, and I was\noffered the job and accepted it.\n\nEVANS: At that time, you were still ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=16830.0,16860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Elmo Israel, not yet Ellis.\n\nELLIS: I was Elmo Israel. That's right. But . . . I didn't go to work\nimmediately because I had to have an operation, and that kept me from reporting\nto work for almost two months. Although I was hired in May of 1940, I began work\nin about July, as I recall. Shortly ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=16860.0,16890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after I went to work . . . Although my job\nwas handling publicity and public relations, I was called on to cover one or two\nnews events. One that I remember in particular was the wreck of a passenger\ntrain, the Ponce de Leon. I think it was an L\u0026N passenger train, that wrecked\nabout 12 miles outside of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=16890.0,16920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta, and I was sent with an announcer named Herb\nHarris out to do a report on this. Reporting in those days was not like it is\ntoday. You didn't have instantaneous short wave available to you, we went out in\na truck and took along recording equipment and made a recording on a 12 ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=16920.0,16950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"inch\ndisc and brought it back. Doing some recording of that type caused the program\ndirector to suggest to me, and he was the man, incidentally, who had hired me,\nto suggest it might be advisable for me to adopt a radio name, one that would be\nof a more familiar, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=16950.0,16980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anglicized nature.\n\nEVANS: Did that bother you?\n\nELLIS: I was, again, prepared for it, because my cousin, Mel Allen, who was Mel\nIsrael, had been asked to adopt a radio name. Another Atlantan named Bert Parks,\nwho was . . . I've forgotten what ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=16980.0,17010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bert's original name was, he had been asked to\nchange his name. It was just common in the business. When I was asked to do so,\nI did it without thinking anything in particular about it. I continued to carry\non my private life in the name of Elmo Israel, and went into military service as\nElmo Israel, and served under that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=17010.0,17040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"name throughout my military career in World\nWar II.\n\nEVANS: You didn't use Elmo Ellis in your military broadcasting, did you?\n\nELLIS: No. I was Lieutenant and Captain Israel, originally Private Israel. But\nwhen I eventually came back to Atlanta, the name Elmo Ellis resurfaced without\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=17040.0,17070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my making any effort to revive it. I remember getting a credit card from Rich's\nin the name of Elmo Ellis, and things of that sort caused me to pick it up again\nsort of naturally and continue with it. Again, the double life ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=17070.0,17100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"became more\ncomplicated after we had children, because on the one hand they were known as\nEllis children, and then in their schools and their religious schooling they\nwere known as Israel. I could see this getting to be increasingly complicated.\nEventually, in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=17100.0,17130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1964, I legally changed my name to Ellis. Now I am Elmo Israel Ellis.\n\nEVANS: Come back to the context of Cox Broadcasting. Did the fact of being\nJewish ever assert itself at any time in the early years?\n\nELLIS: Not in any way that I recall that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=17130.0,17160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was uncomfortable or unpleasant to me.\nIt would surface at times when people outside the radio station would become\naware that I was Elmo Israel privately and Elmo Ellis as an air personality.\nThis was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=17160.0,17190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"source of some curiosity to them. Some interest in finding out that I\nwas Jewish. But in those early days, I was not editorializing or doing\ncommentary because I was too new in the business and, therefore, I was not\nparticularly a target for those who might take exception to the fact that I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=17190.0,17220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was\nJewish. It was simply a matter of curiosity I guess, more than anything else, to\nthose who found it out.\n\nEVANS: Were there any matters of being Jewish that ever became an issue in any\nway, or ever became expressed in any way at the station?\n\nELLIS: You mean in a negative sense?\n\nEVANS: In any sense.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=17220.0,17250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ELLIS: I suppose I was the first person to ask to be let off from work during\nJewish holidays. Consequently, there was an awareness thereafter of the fact\nthat I had certain interests and loyalties that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=17250.0,17280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were different from the rest of\nthe staff members. Again, I found a readiness to accommodate me on such requests.\n\nEVANS: Did you feel in any way pioneering or trailblazing? That is to say, that\nwhat you did was important as a precedent for whoever as a Jew might be hired\nlater by the company?\n\nELLIS: I think I have always felt that, and I don't think that's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=17280.0,17310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unusual. But\nhaving been reared in a small town where you had very few Jewish persons and at\nthe time I was in high school, for instance, I think I was the only Jewish\nperson in the high school, in my hometown. I always felt I was carrying a banner\nof sorts. That it was incumbent upon ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=17310.0,17340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me not only to do well, but to keep myself\nout of trouble and to make sure that I did not do anything that would reflect\nunfavorably on Jews in general, because I was Jewish. I carried that same sense\nof responsibility through college and carried it right into my professional life.\n\nEVANS: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=17340.0,17370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Elmo, as a broadcast executive through those years, the third of a\ncentury following World War II, you really were present in broadcasting at a\ntime of enormous social change. Reflect with me for a moment, in your capacity\nat Cox, how your feeling as a Jew related to Jewish issues that were in the\nnews. I'm thinking for example of the 1950's when there was the Temple bombing\nhere in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=17370.0,17400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta. How did your being a Jew at WSB relate to the feeling of the\nJewish community about the Temple being bombed at that time?\n\nELLIS: I'm not sure that I know exactly how to respond to that because I'm not\nsure I understand the question. It sounds familiar, as though we've gone through\nthat particular question before. Could you clarify for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=17400.0,17430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me . . . ?\n\nEVANS: We made allusion to it before briefly when I made the analogy between\nyourself and radio and the editor of the [Atlanta] Constitution, Ralph McGill,\nand your feeling of a role in the community; did you feel it was on the same\nlevel as a Ralph McGill. In terms of the Jewish community, after the Temple\nbombing took place, since you were a Jew in broadcasting, was there any impact\nin the Jewish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=17430.0,17460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"community that you felt related to that was a problem, that was a\ndifficulty, that you felt you needed to do something on, or . . . How did the\nwhole affair of the bombing affect you as a Jew in broadcasting?\n\nELLIS: I don't recall that it particularly affected me as a Jew in broadcasting,\nany more than anything else unfavorable . . . or of a disturbing nature that\nwould happen to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=17460.0,17490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a Jewish person or to Jews in general would affect me. I might\namplify on that simply by saying that I have, throughout my professional career\nfound a lot of opportunities to deal with subjects in which Jews ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=17490.0,17520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would have an\ninterest or a concern. As I think I mentioned the other day, this does not mean\nthat I was able to, with regularity; address issues of specific concern to Jews,\nand identify myself in that sense, because radio being a universal medium,\nreaching everybody in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=17520.0,17550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"community, has to deal generally with subjects with\nthat in mind. You don't come on and present the 'Jewish viewpoint.' But you can\npresent an enlightened viewpoint, and I found many opportunities to do that\nbecause Atlanta, being a part of the South, was not enlightened in the way it\napproached social ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=17550.0,17580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"matters in the 1940's and the 1950's. It was typical, pretty\nmuch typical of the way most communities in the South were. They were wedded to\nthe idea that we should have a separate white and black society, and that the\nwhites should be dominant, and the blacks should be subservient, and I found\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=17580.0,17610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"many instances, opportunities, to question that and to talk about it and to\nwrite about it and, on occasion, to broadcast about it.\n\nEVANS: Any illustrations come to mind?\n\nELLIS: When I did graduate work at Emory University while I was also working\nfull time at WSB, one of the projects that I undertook in one of my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=17610.0,17640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"courses, a\nsociology course, was to develop a radio series on the problem of the black\nperson in the South. In other words, how to deal with the race relations problem\nin the South and to suggest some of the things that needed to be done in the\ninterest of fairness and justice to the black ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=17640.0,17670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"person. On an individual basis,\nand this relates back to something else that you asked me about a while ago . .\n. I have had on so many occasions, so many instances, opportunity to talk to\nindividuals about how I, as a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=17670.0,17700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"person and oftentimes I as a Jew, felt about\nmatters. To explain Jewish thinking and the Jewish religious viewpoint on\ncertain ethical and moral issues when questions would come up in discussions. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=17700.0,17730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I\nhave felt that to a certain extent I was fulfilling an educational and a\nmissionary role of sorts in doing that. Again, that's not too unusual or too\nuncommon because I think it happens to a lot of Jewish people in the course of\ntheir lives, but it may have happened to me more frequently, being in the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=17730.0,17760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"position that I was in. That people would raise questions to me and ask me why I\nfelt a certain way, or how did I feel about certain questions.\n\nEVANS: Did the issue of your Judaism ever come up in any of your civil rights\npieces or interests that you expressed on the air?\n\nELLIS: In more recent times, when I've done more editorializing and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=17760.0,17790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"commenting,\nand there's been awareness in certain quarters that I was Jewish, then I've had\nrepercussions from it. Even threats, including one threat against my life came\nin a written form, which I discussed with the FBI [Federal Bureau of\nInvestigation], and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=17790.0,17820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they advised me to be particularly careful for a while after\nthat, such as, be sure you lock your automobile, and when you get into your\nautomobile make sure that you don't see anything out of place. Because they\nwanted to take precautions against car bombs and things of that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=17820.0,17850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sort. A lot of\nphone calls have come to the radio station in recent years that had unpleasant\nthings to say about me which were never even discussed or brought to my\nattention. Other employees at the station just took these calls. My ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=17850.0,17880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"secretary\nhas fielded an awful lot of calls. I'm sure, in many instances, they just didn't\nwant to bother me with them because they thought it would be unsettling or\nunpleasant for me, so they just took care of them themselves. But yes, I\ngenerated quite a bit of that type of reaction on the part of a certain element\nof the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=17880.0,17910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"public that didn't like what I was saying.\n\nEVANS: Elmo, if you don't mind being a little more specific, what was the threat\non your life? The episode, and the threat itself?\n\nELLIS: At the time . . . I don't recall specifically what I said that got this\nparticular individual that angry, but I have done an awful lot of talking on the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=17910.0,17940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"air about relations. It probably concerned the black and white relationship, and\nit may have been something talking about Dr. Martin Luther King [Jr.] or about\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=17940.0,17970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"any issues that blacks and whites are concerned with. In any case, this\nindividual threatened to kill me if I didn't stop saying things that I was\nsaying on the air.\n\nEVANS: Was your wife or your family aware of this?\n\nELLIS: I didn't inform them at the time. Only later, after I thought that that\nparticular threat had disappeared, did I ever let them know about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=17970.0,18000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it.\n\nEVANS: What was the response later, first from your wife?\n\nELLIS: I think that my wife probably assumed that things like this would occur,\nbecause many times when I would say things on the air that would generate phone\ncalls of protest, she would ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=18000.0,18030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know that I was making some people unhappy. I knew\nthat I had been mentioned in publications such as The Thunderbolt, which is the\npublication of J.B. Stoner and a fellow named [Edward Reed] Fields and people of\nthat ilk. There was no mystery that I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=18030.0,18060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not liked by individuals of that sort.\n\nEVANS: Any different reactions of any of your children?\n\nELLIS: No, about the same reaction as my wife's. Incidentally, I might mention\ntoo, Bob . . . It was impossible for my wife and family not to know that I was\nmaking people unhappy, because I've received a great number of phone calls here,\nat ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=18060.0,18090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"home. I've never kept my phone number a secret. I've always been listed in\nthe phone book, and I think I would have received even more phone calls than I\nhave except I believe there are some people who would have wanted to call me but\ndidn't believe my number was listed. They never bothered to look it up. Because\nI have had innumerable people say to me, \"I'm amazed that you're listed in the\nphone book. I wouldn't think that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=18090.0,18120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you would dare do that!\" Nevertheless, at 2:00\nto 3:00 in the morning there have been many times when I've received abusive,\nnasty, irascible, obscene phone calls. Usually, when you start out, if you think\nthere's any chance of talking with a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=18120.0,18150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"person on a sensible level, or you start\nout trying to do that and you find out it's impossible, then you just quit. You\njust hang up. In some cases, the phone continues to ring, and in some cases the\npeople quit calling and call another time. But I've had my share of those.\n\nEVANS: Elmo, since we're into the matter of racism in the South, reflect a\nlittle ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=18150.0,18180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"aloud about racism and your years at the station.\n\nELLIS: Again, when I first came to Atlanta the matter of racism was so strong\nthat to have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=18180.0,18210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"editorialized at that time, as I did in later years, I think would\nhave been an open invitation to a lynching mob. Particularly if it had been done\nby somebody who was Jewish. I was not in a position to be doing that sort of\nthing, and the station' was not even editorializing in those days. It was a moot\npoint. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=18210.0,18240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But Atlanta generally reacted to racial matters very much like small\ntowns did. It wasn't particularly an enlightened community. There were no\nenlightened communities. If you will go back, people think about Ralph McGill as\nbeing a great crusader for blacks and for human rights, but if you go back and\nread McGill in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=18240.0,18270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1940, he was not nearly so liberal as he later became. Most of\nthe people who were considered enlightened in those days were simply moderate\nor, let's say, decent minded conservatives, but they were still typically\nSouthern in their ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=18270.0,18300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thinking. They bought completely the idea that there was, and\nshould be, a dual society, and that it made sense to have separate schools and\nseparate eating places.\n\nEVANS: Among the executives at the station, did the issue of news coverage of\ncivil rights ever become a matter for policy discussion?\n\nELLIS: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=18300.0,18330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, but it happened after World War II.\n\nEVANS: Before you were there? Before you were at the station?\n\nELLIS: No, no. In other words, I was at WSB originally, before World War II. The\ndiscussions about civil rights really didn't enter into ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=18330.0,18360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"consideration until\nafter World War II.\n\nEVANS: I would have thought until after the Supreme Court Decision in 1954 . . .\n\nELLIS: Pretty much. That's right. Not really much of any consequence did occur\nbefore 1954. But when that did happen, and then we started having such things as\nchallenges; individuals who would want to sit on the front of a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=18360.0,18390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bus, or to sit\nat a lunchroom counter alongside a white person. When these things began to\nhappen, and we wanted to cover these things news-wise, there was reluctance on\nthe part of the management of the radio station to cover them. The feeling was\nthat you would only be adding fuel to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=18390.0,18420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fire; that you would be giving\nunnecessary publicity to an unpleasant situation; that the best thing to do was\nstay away and keep quiet and maybe it'll go away. There was an inability to\nrealize that this movement was not going to go away; that It was going to\ncontinue until some real emancipation took place.\n\nEVANS: In those younger ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=18420.0,18450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years, were you ever a party to any of those debates at\nthe station?\n\nELLIS: Yes. At that time, I was back in radio as the program director, but still\nrelatively young in the organization, a relatively young junior executive, so to\nspeak. The senior executives, particularly the general ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=18450.0,18480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"manager of the station,\nwere very much troubled to consider that news wise, we were going to have to be\ncovering civil rights challenges and civil rights activities, which they felt\npretty much were just being fomented by troublemakers. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=18480.0,18510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I tried to do some\neducating among our own people. It was a slow job, but we eventually succeeded.\n\nEVANS: Do you remember any of the battles that you lost? Or that you won?\n\nELLIS: I think the winning came about gradually. Because you didn't have a\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=18510.0,18540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"challenge or a crisis situation happening every day. They happened from time to\ntime, and after the initial shocks . . . One of the first events that I recall\nwas a situation where somebody got on a bus and insisted on sitting up front. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=18540.0,18570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It\nprobably happened after the Rosa Parks incident in Montgomery. I'm not sure what\nyear that occurred in Montgomery. We had one like that here in Atlanta, and the\nmanager of the station was disturbed about our covering it and giving it\npublicity. But I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=18570.0,18600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"explained to him that it was our responsibility to cover it and\nthat it was more than an attempt to cause trouble or to seek publicity. That it\nwas part of a general movement that we could expect to see continuing. There was\na gradual acceptance ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=18600.0,18630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the obvious, of the inevitable, and also an acceptance\nof the news department's responsibility to do something about it.\n\nEVANS: Elmo, your positions in those matters at the station: It may have been\nout of a sense of ethics; it may have been out of a strong sense of journalism .\n. . As best you can, recall the source of that; where you first got motivated\ninto your feeling that these, that this is the side of the issue that I would be\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=18630.0,18660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on. I know we talked about your younger years, so I don't want to be too\nredundant, but as best you recall.\n\nELLIS: Right . . . I think it's important to document the foundation on which my\nfeelings rested because they did start very young. This doesn't mean that when I\nwas ten years old and had concerns about the treatment of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=18660.0,18690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"blacks that I, at that\ntime, could foresee a situation in which blacks and whites would be completely\nequal. Because the world in which I lived at that time was so far from that,\nthat I couldn't visualize it, and it certainly wasn't being ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=18690.0,18720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"discussed as any\npossibility. But that was the basis on which it was quite easy for me to accept\nall of the discussion that preceded the Supreme Court's decision of 1954, and\nsuch things as efforts that were being made in Georgia ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=18720.0,18750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to get rid of the county\nunit system, which was so blatantly unfair, not only to blacks to whites also,\nif they lived in an urban community. There were so many inequities that I\nwelcomed any legal efforts that were being instituted to remove these\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=18750.0,18780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"inequities, and I could see that they would not only be a liberating thing for\nblacks, but they would really be a liberating thing for whites too. Because I\nalso realized and brought this out in some of the writings that I did prior to\nthe 1954 Supreme Court Decision, and that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=18780.0,18810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was that if you keep the black man\ndown you have to stay down in the ditch with him, segregation was just as\ndemeaning, in a sense, to the white person as it was to the black. It certainly\nkept everybody in the South subjugated in a sense. I also had been disturbed\nthroughout my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=18810.0,18840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"life about the fact that bigotry and racism went along with\nignorance, and I ran into it in many ways, just being Jewish. I recall, for\ninstance, one time when I was in the service, during World War II, my wife and\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=18840.0,18870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I, we were not married at the time, we were just dating, she and I went with\nanother couple . . . This was in Fort Worth, Texas . . . We went out one day and\njust stopped into a place just to have a drink. We ordered beers. This was sort\nof a roadside stand, and there were two men in there talking to the bartender\nand ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=18870.0,18900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we heard them mumbling. They looked very, very unpleasant, and very, very\nunhappy. I didn't hear what they said but my friend, another Air Force officer,\nsaid, \"They want us to leave, and I think we'd better.\" What had happened was .\n. . Officers had, on their uniforms, name tags, and the name ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=18900.0,18930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"'Israel' was on\nthere, and that was enough to make these men very unhappy about our being in\nthat place. My friend, a Major Root, said \"I think they want us to leave, and I\nthink we'd better.\" We did.\n\nEVANS: Elmo, at the station, what about personnel policies; hiring blacks;\nblacks coming to get jobs, at Cox and at WSB?\n\nELLIS: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=18930.0,18960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was virtually unheard of, prior to 1954, again. In the first place,\nblacks didn't have the education that was necessary to train them or equip them\nfor jobs that would be available in the radio station. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=18960.0,18990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Secondly, if an\nindividual black had such training, he would never have been hired. He wouldn't\nhave been hired as an announcer or a producer or a salesperson. It was just a\nclosed fraternity.\n\nEVANS: What year do you recall your taking over as manager of the station?\n\nELLIS: In 1964.\n\nEVANS: At that time, were there blacks on staff?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=18990.0,19020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ELLIS: Yes, by that time there were, yes.\n\nEVANS: Was there any feeling of your being the first Jew; that you played a\nrelationship in some way to the first black coming to the station?\n\nELLIS: I don't think there was any equation there.\n\nEVANS: After you became general manager, did you have any interest in trying to\nincrease the ratio of blacks at the station?\n\nELLIS: Yes, but I didn't make ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=19020.0,19050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it any type of an issue. The station was pretty\nwell, felt pretty well obligated to do that anyway, particularly after about\n1967 or 1968. I recall one time when broadcasters throughout the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=19050.0,19080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"community met\ntogether and heard a closed circuit talk delivered by Hubert Humphrey, who was\nthen Vice President, under [Lyndon B.] Johnson. He appealed to broadcasters to\nincrease their minority employment participation in the industry. Our station\nobligated itself to do so. To the best of my knowledge, it has ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=19080.0,19110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"continued on that basis.\n\nEVANS: Was there much dissent at doing so at that time?\n\nELLIS: No. It was . . . It's common knowledge in most urban communities that\nbroadcasters will try to have as many minority personnel as are proportional to\ntheir ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=19110.0,19140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"percentage in the general population.\n\nEVANS: For Atlanta, that means more than half.\n\nELLIS: No, because the more than half applies only to the population within the\ncity limits of Atlanta. But a radio station like WSB serves not only the\nmetropolitan community but actually serves more than that. In the metropolitan\ncommunity, your black population will run about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=19140.0,19170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"22 to 23 percent, and our\nemployment level for minorities always ran well above that; approximately 25\npercent or better, after 1968.\n\nEVANS: Was there ever any issue that arose about black advertising?\n\nELLIS: In what way?\n\nEVANS: More black salespeople to bring in more black ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=19170.0,19200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"revenue?\n\nELLIS: That sort of took care of itself as we began to hire minority personnel.\nWe started hiring them in all departments, including sales, and this . . . We\nassumed that this would also perhaps bring in some advertising from black\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=19200.0,19230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"businesses. I can't say that that ever has been a significant factor, but there\nwas some question in our minds with the first black salespersons. Whether they\nwould be readily accepted when they went out making calls. There were some\nisolated instances ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=19230.0,19260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of not welcoming the black salespersons, but this didn't last\ntoo long.\n\nEVANS: Any effort by the sales manager or the director of sales as to what\naccounts to assign because some of the sales personnel were black?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=19260.0,19290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ELLIS: I'm sure that there may have been some instances where a particular\nclient might have been known to have been sensitive about this. I don't recall\nhowever discussing any such specific cases with my sales manager.\n\nEVANS: What about black air talent? Obviously, perhaps, less of a demand than in\ntelevision, where they could be visibly seen. Was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=19290.0,19320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there ever any issue about\nblack talent on air at the station?\n\nELLIS: After the initiative was started to increase minority personnel there was\na calculated effort made to find talent that would fit our needs, both general\nannouncing and news ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=19320.0,19350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"work. Initially, this was not too easy, again simply because\nof the number of individuals who were capable of doing this work were few, and\nthey were in great demand because more than one radio station was looking for\nsuch persons. You had high demand and short supply. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=19350.0,19380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The organizations which were\nencouraging this, employment of minorities, kept saying, \"We can't supply you\nnecessarily with qualified personnel, but we can supply you with qualifiable\npersonnel. You should take them and train them.\" We did. We hired a number of\nyoung men and women whom we felt and hoped would have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=19380.0,19410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"potential, but who did not\nnecessarily, at the time we hired them, have enough experience to really fit the\nneeds that we were hiring them for. We took them on sort of as apprentices. They\nweren't designated as such, but they were given preferential treatment in the\nsense ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=19410.0,19440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they were given extra training.\n\nEVANS: Elmo, after you became station manager, do you recall anyone ever calling\nyou and saying, \"Gee, Elmo, there's this great Jewish graduate from ABC School.\nWhy don't you look at him and maybe hire him.\"\n\nELLIS: I don't think I've ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=19440.0,19470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ever had a call where somebody indicated that someone\nwas Jewish and therefore should be hired as such. In the course of checking\napplications, a certain number of individuals have come to my attention who\nhappened to be Jewish, but I never knowingly hired a person because he or she\nwas ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=19470.0,19500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish. I was always pleased if . . . In fact, in some instances, I found\nout that individuals were Jewish after they were hired.\n\nEVANS: Elmo, did the station make it a practice to endorse or not endorse\npoliticians running for office, in local races?\n\nELLIS: There always has been a reluctance on the part of broadcasters to endorse\npolitical ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=19500.0,19530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"candidate's carte blanche because it's a dangerous thing to do. The\nway the law reads, if you endorse a candidate and give a certain amount of\nairtime to that endorsement, the [opposing] candidate has the right to ask for\nequal time to respond to it. Or individuals or organizations acting on behalf of\nthat ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=19530.0,19560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"candidate can demand equal time. If you were to endorse a dozen different\ncandidates for various offices, you could get yourself into a big heap of\ntrouble, because for every moment of time that you used for airing your\nendorsements, the opposition could demand equal amounts of time to speak for\ntheir candidates. You have to be very selective if you're going to do ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=19560.0,19590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this.\nNevertheless, I did elect to endorse Ellis Arnall for Governor against Lester\nMaddox, who was an avowed segregationist, and who I didn't really feel was\nqualified to be Governor. But the roof sort of caved in on us after that\nendorsement because we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=19590.0,19620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were deluged with phone calls. We logged more than 4,000\nphone calls from supporters of Lester Maddox, demanding equal time and we did\nhave to give equal time.\n\nEVANS: Four thousand phone calls over what period of time?\n\nELLIS: Within a period of say, 48 to 72 hours. I guess he got his supporters\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=19620.0,19650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just to man the banks of phones . . . A lot of them, of course, were vitriolic,\nnasty phone calls, because being a segregationist candidate, he got an awful lot\nof red-neck support and there was the typical Klan mentality that was reflected\nin a lot of these phone calls.\n\nEVANS: Prior to that endorsement, I take it you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=19650.0,19680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were the one who went on the air\nto make the endorsement?\n\nELLIS: Yes.\n\nEVANS: Prior to that endorsement, did the station have any kind of policy of not\nendorsing political candidates?\n\nELLIS: It didn't have a written policy saying it wouldn't. The policy sort of\nexisted simply because we had never endorsed anybody.\n\nEVANS: After the Maddox-Arnall situation did the station then adopt a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=19680.0,19710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"policy of\nnot endorsing?\n\nELLIS: We still didn't adopt a written policy, we always reserved the right to\ndo it, but it operated in the future with the awareness that what we had feared\nmight happen, did happen, and could happen in the future. Incidentally, you\nasked me earlier about my being Jewish, had it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=19710.0,19740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"resulted in any unpleasantness. A\nlot of the phone calls that were engendered by the endorsement of Ellis Arnall\nand obviously the rejection of Lester Maddox, a lot of those phone calls\nreflected an objection not only to my being against Lester Maddox ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=19740.0,19770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but to my\nbeing against him because I was Jewish.\n\nEVANS: Have you ever felt compelled to respond to those on the air, in editorial\nor anything?\n\nELLIS: Bob, if you respond specifically in a situation like that, all you do is\nopen the floodgates for the opposition to come back again and ask for equal time\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=19770.0,19800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"again. The best thing you can do in a case like that is simply just shut it off\nand then let it die away. Because there's no way to win when you endorse\npolitical candidates and the candidates whom you failed to endorse elect to\ndemand equal time.\n\nEVANS: Elmo, when I began this inquiry about endorsing political candidates for\noffice, I really had in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=19800.0,19830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mind not so much the gubernatorial election of Lester\nMaddox and Ellis Arnall as the mayoralty and city council. Coming into the\ndecade of the 1970's, the era of black political dominance when it came to the\nAtlanta political scene. Do you have any reflections about any pressures on the\nstation for political endorsements when blacks in numbers began to seek local office?\n\nELLIS: It's pretty well understood I think ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=19830.0,19860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that making political endorsements is\ncumbersome and fraught with problems. While I do . . . I do recall generally\nmany occasions where candidates and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=19860.0,19890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"their supporters have sought the endorsement\nof the station, and have approached me personally about it, I just didn't feel\nthat it was a thing we could comfortably handle.\n\nEVANS: It always was the FCC [Federal Communications Commission] requirement;\nthe distinction in press between radio and . . .\n\nELLIS: There are ways . . . Because of that . . . In other ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=19890.0,19920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"words, you simply are\nat a disadvantage. You cannot do it the way a newspaper can. If you want to deal\nwith candidates, you have to find other ways to do it. You can interview them.\nYou can have debates. There are things of that sort, where you can give exposure\nto candidates. You can even discuss ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=19920.0,19950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them in a commentary, but you have to stop\nshort of endorsing them or else you're going to get into a problem area where\nyou're vulnerable.\n\nEVANS: Elmo, I was thinking back to that extraordinary 1972 election in Atlanta.\nI had just returned here from overseas, and Sam Massell, a Jew, ran against\nMaynard Jackson, a black. I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=19950.0,19980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"curious if there were any recollections from\nthat election period.\n\nELLIS: Certainly, we did not editorially endorse either candidate . . . I did\ntalk about them, and we did talk with them. Incidentally, I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=19980.0,20010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"remember doing a . .\n. I guess this was after Sam Massell . . . This was when Sam Massell was Mayor,\nI guess, and he was challenged by Jackson. Jackson was actually the vice Mayor\nat that time. I remember Sam Massell became enamored of the idea of building a\nmonorail system from downtown to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=20010.0,20040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the stadium, and he wanted to buy the monorail\nsystem that had been used at the New York World's Fair. But this monorail system\nwould only move 1,500 people an hour and I pointed that out to him, and I did .\n. . Editorially I chastised him for the idea not being ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=20040.0,20070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"practical. I kind of hurt\nhis feelings. He called me up and felt I was being unfair to him.\n\nEVANS: Elmo, we've talked about issues that occurred during your years from the\nperspective as an executive of a corporation, a broadcast leader. How about\ndealing with some of those same episodes, those several decades from the early\n1950's into the 1980's, and talk about it more personally. In terms of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=20070.0,20100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what your\nfeelings as an individual as opposed to a broadcaster, in things like racial\nmatters, Israeli matters. Things that were more of a Jewish agenda for you as an\nindividual, as opposed to a broadcaster.\n\nELLIS: I found a lot of opportunities to comment, particularly about racial\nmatters, and oftentimes to do things of a positive ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=20100.0,20130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nature. For example, there\nwas one unhappy time when four black churches in rural areas of Georgia were\nburned in quick succession. Obviously, some arsonist or arsonist group had done\nthis, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=20130.0,20160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I deplored this on the air, and urged that every effort be made to\nfind out who the guilty individuals were. But I went a step further and asked\nthe public to contribute to a rebuilding fund, and we raised . . . I've\nforgotten ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=20160.0,20190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what the amount was, but it was in excess of $100,000, and enough to\nget these four churches rebuilt. They were all simple wooden structures, and I\nwas pleased that we were able to do that. But on the matter of civil rights\nitself, on innumerable occasions I would ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=20190.0,20220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be motivated to write about events that\nhad occurred, whether it was the inhumane treatment that was accorded civil\nrights marchers in Birmingham or in Selma [Alabama] or wherever, or in Atlanta\nfor that matter. These would trigger ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=20220.0,20250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"commentaries and editorials. I mean that\nwhen something would happen that I thought was grossly unfair or inhumane, I\nwould comment on it. I used the radio station as an outlet to speak out for\ncivil rights and human rights on many occasions. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=20250.0,20280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I felt that it was a necessary\nand also, from a personal standpoint satisfied a need in me, because I felt that\nI did have a responsibility as a human being to be not only concerned about such\nmatters but to let ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=20280.0,20310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it be known that I was concerned.\n\nEVANS: I know I've mentioned this to you before, but let me raise it to you here\nagain . . . Did any of this kind of broadcasting ever put you in contact with\nRalph McGill?\n\nELLIS: You asked me that the other day and as I said to you . . . We operated\nreally in two different spheres. McGill was never particularly friendly with or\nsympathetic with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=20310.0,20340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"radio and television. He was an old timer in the sense that he\nconsidered them usurpers and competitors and Johnny-come-lately's.\n\nEVANS: Even when it was within the same corporate structure?\n\nELLIS: Yes.\n\nEVANS: In Cox?\n\nELLIS: In the corporate structure . . . We often times felt that that was more\nof a handicap or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=20340.0,20370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"liability than it was an asset. Because initially, when we were\nowned by the newspaper, they felt a certain paternal superiority and later, when\nwe became a separate corporation, they felt extremely competitive and would sort\nof go out of their ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=20370.0,20400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/681","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"way to do anything they could to keep from being cooperative\nor assisting us in any way.\n\nEVANS: Elmo, I want to go over your family things at another session, wife,\nchildren, the family place in the community. But here, if you would, touch on\nyour community role as an individual. At what point ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=20400.0,20430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/682","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did you begin to feel a\nrelationship as a leader of the Jewish community, or a participant in Jewish\ncommunity life and activities?\n\nELLIS: Any leadership role in the Jewish community, if I have such a stature,\ncame ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=20430.0,20460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about as a gradual result of my being a broadcaster, I think, and being a\ncommunity spokesman. Because that meant that the Jewish community would from\ntime to time call on me ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=20460.0,20490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to offer advice and counsel on matters . . . public\nrelations or news matters . . . where there was Jewish interest or concern.\nSometimes I was asked to speak to Jewish groups from the vantage point of a\nbroadcaster. I think that sort of gradually evolved. It wasn't that I went out\nand sought to be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=20490.0,20520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/685","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a Jewish leader or spokesman, and frankly I don't particularly\nthink of myself in that context even today . . . Most of the things that I have\nundertaken in relationship to specific Jewish organizations I have done at the\nrequest of those organizations. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=20520.0,20550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/686","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If I've been asked to serve on a committee or to\ntake membership on a board, or to take an executive position, it's been,\nusually, at the request of the organization that was concerned.\n\nEVANS: Do you recall your personal feelings, just as an individual, to some of\nthe significant benchmarks perhaps in Jewish and Israeli history. I'm ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=20550.0,20580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/687","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thinking\nabout the establishment of Israel, for example. You were just beginning your\nearly years of your career, at the end of the 1940's. Do you recall your\nfeelings about Israel becoming a state?\n\nELLIS: Yes. There was great pride. I don't know . . . I don't recall that I had\noccasion to reflect this particularly in a professional sense, on the air,\nbecause that would have been ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=20580.0,20610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/688","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the time that I was going into television,\nand I was preoccupied with the mechanics of just doing daily television\nprogramming. There was no particular relationship there. My reaction to that\nwould have been just as a private individual, and . . .\n\nEVANS: Do you remember what those feelings were?\n\nELLIS: Great ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=20610.0,20640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/689","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pride . . . But I didn't realize the full dimensions of that until\nlater when I paid a visit to Israel, in 1972.\n\nEVANS: Tell me about that a little.\n\nELLIS: I guess the first feelings that I'm talking about began to emerge as I\nmade the trip itself. I found that since I went over as a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=20640.0,20670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/690","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"guest of the State of\nIsrael . . .\n\nEVANS: Did your wife accompany you?\n\nELLIS: No, I went with a group of news people. It was not an exclusively Jewish\ngroup. These were newspaper, and radio, and television people. A group of about\n12 people from various places around the United States. There may have been one\nor two individuals in the group who were Jewish, other than myself, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=20670.0,20700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I didn't\ngo over with them, I joined them when I got to Israel. In going over, I realized\nat Kennedy [International Airport] when I was checked through, you had to go\nthrough special checkpoints, because the Israelis have always been very careful\nabout that, but I wasn't checked as much as some of the other passengers on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=20700.0,20730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the\nplane. I had a card with me, identifying me, and it had a Hebrew marking on it,\nand I don't know what that marking was but I'm sure that it said something.\nAlso, I was identified on my passport as Elmo Israel Ellis, and that name Israel\nalways brought a pleased reaction when anybody would check ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=20730.0,20760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/693","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it. \"Ah, Is-ra-el,\" I\nthink I got off a little lighter, in being checked. When the plane approached\nIsrael, and we were on El Al Airlines, and they started singing Israeli songs,\nemotionally . . . the old adrenaline started to flow. Once you had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=20760.0,20790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/694","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"landed and\nrealized that you were then part of a population that was in the majority, it\nwas a complete reversal of anything that I had ever known or experienced in my\nlife . . . Then, yes, it was a profoundly moving experience. All the time that I\nspent in the State of Israel, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=20790.0,20820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/695","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it was a great emotional experience for me. Ever\nsince then I've felt that I've had a keener understanding of Israel and its\nproblems and its needs, and I've had occasion to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=20820.0,20850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/696","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"comment on that, both on the\nair and in print, on many occasions. I've felt many times that I've been very\naware because it is so easy for the media, in this country, to make half-cocked\njudgments about Israel. Many ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=20850.0,20880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/697","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"times, innocently, but I'm afraid in other\ninstances, perhaps maliciously. I think there is a degree of prejudice and\nantisemitism in a lot of the editorial comments and in some of the news coverage\nthat's done that pertains to Israel. Frankly, I have tried to counteract that in\na lot of the things that I have said and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=20880.0,20910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/698","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"done.\n\nEVANS: Do you consider yourself a Zionist?\n\nELLIS: Yes, a Zionist simply in the very basic sense that the State of Israel\nwas created as a refuge for Jews. It's a homeland for anybody who is Jewish or\nprofesses to be Jewish. It's the first homeland that Jews have had since they\nwere ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=20910.0,20940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/699","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dispersed so many centuries ago. All of this business that has been talked\nabout in the United Nations and in Arab propaganda, about Zionism being racism\nand Zionism being evil and so forth, all of that is . . . It's a cruel\ndistortion; it's an ugly distortion of what Zionism really is. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=20940.0,20970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/700","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"think that\nprior to Hitler and World War II, when certain Jews were anti-Zionist, I think\nthat their anti-Zionism was simply of a different nature . . . They were\nanti-Zionist because they were strongly nationalistic. In other words, a Jew\nliving in Germany, prior to Hitler's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=20970.0,21000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/701","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"day felt so strongly a part of Germany that\nhe couldn't envision any desire of ever wanting to go to Israel or Palestine as\nit was then called. He had no interest in ever being a Zionist. He was a Jew,\nbut he was also a strong German, or he was a strong Frenchman, or a strong\nEnglishman, or a strong ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=21000.0,21030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/702","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"American. He had no great sympathy for the idea of\nZionism. Zionism became a compelling issue when Hitler and the Germans decided\nthat they were going to eliminate all the Jews in the world. Then it became very\nimportant to find a place where Jews could live.\n\nEVANS: Do you think nationalism, American nationalism, was the motivation behind\nLessing Rosenwald and the American Council for Judaism?\n\nELLIS: Do you mean in the days when they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=21030.0,21060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/703","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were anti-Zionist? Sure. I think they\nfelt that . . . In other words, they couldn't see any compelling reason to be\ninterested in a Jewish entity, a state as an entity, because who needed it, they\nthought? \"We've got America, and the German Jews have got Germany, and the\nBritish Jews have got Britain. Why do we need a state?\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=21060.0,21090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/704","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nobody really realized\nthat we needed it until somebody came along, a beast named Hitler, who said, \"We\ndon't need any Jews.\" Then the German people, with the cooperation of people in\na lot of other nations in Europe, said, \"Maybe this is a good idea. Let's get\nrid of the Jews.\" Then the Jews of the said, \"Hey, you know, we do need a place\nof refuge, because it is possible ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=21090.0,21120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/705","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for nations to try to erase us, to eliminate\nus. Therefore, there must be a place where we can go when there's no other place\nto go.\"\n\nEVANS: I may be mistaken, but I do believe the American Council for Judaism was\nactive in the 1950's and 1960's, after the Holocaust in the state and they still\nopposed the concept of a Jewish State.\n\nELLIS: I can only say, then, that it must have been obtuseness on their part.\nTheir inability to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=21120.0,21150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/706","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"understand. I would hope that today that's not the case. I\ndon't really know that much about the American Council for Judaism, but I do\nknow that other organizations, like the American Jewish Congress and the\nAmerican Jewish Committee, which years ago was not Zionist but is today, and\nB'nai B'rith and the Anti-Defamation League [ADL] . . . A whole host of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=21150.0,21180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/707","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other\norganizations, now, I think, strictly for humanitarian purposes if no other, are Zionist.\n\nEVANS: Elmo, do you recall . . . Changing the focus a little bit, but staying\nwithin the Jewish context still, any of your feelings or impressions in the wake\nof any of the Arab-Jewish wars? Arab-Israeli wars, in the 1950's or the 1960's\nor the 1970's? Any feelings, or reactions, or impressions you had?\n\nELLIS: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=21180.0,21210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/708","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes. I was against what Mr. [President Dwight D.] Eisenhower and Mr.\n[John Foster] Dulles did when they stopped the war against [Gamal Abdel] Nasser\nin 1956, because the Jews, with the assistance of the British and the French,\nwere about to go right into Cairo [Egypt]. At that time, I would have been\ndelighted to see them do ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=21210.0,21240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/709","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it. But the administration in Washington [D.C.] decided\nthey didn't want that to happen. We found out historically since then that this\ngovernment has pretty well followed that line in all subsequent wars where\nIsrael has been involved.\n\nEVANS: The American government.\n\nELLIS: Yes. They've allowed the Israelis to go only so far and then they've\nstepped in and said, \"I think maybe you better stop.\" It ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=21240.0,21270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/710","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"happened in 1956. It\nhappened in 1967. It happened in 1973, and we don't know what happened in the\nLebanese incursion. In any case, in its efforts to play a middle course between\nsupport of Israel and its desire to have friends among the Arab states, the\nUnited ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=21270.0,21300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/711","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"States does limit to some extent Israel's options. In 1956 I felt that\nway. In 1967, I was overjoyed at the fact that Israel regained, took some\nterritory that it had a right too anyway, in my estimation, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=21300.0,21330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/712","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because the part of\nJerusalem which had been in the hands of Jordan had been so terribly abused and\nmismanaged, that I felt that Jerusalem and its totality, in the hands of the\nIsraelis, was only right and just, and I think that the Israelis have proved\ntheir right to control ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=21330.0,21360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/713","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jerusalem. Their right to claim it in perpetuity.\n\nEVANS: Have you ever been back to Israel on another visit?\n\nELLIS: No, but I would like to go and will, I'm sure.\n\nEVANS: Focus if you would for a moment on the concept of black-Jewish relations,\nin the Atlanta frame of reference. As a citizen of Atlanta, radio ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=21360.0,21390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/714","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"personality of\nAtlanta, a Jew who lives in Atlanta. The whole issue of black-Jewish relations.\n\nELLIS: In the early days of my career in Atlanta, when we still had a very\nstrongly segregated society, I think the educated black and the educated Jew had\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=21390.0,21420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/715","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"certain things in common and had certain meeting grounds because the educated\nJew, I think, understood, was more compassionate, was more sympathetic with the\nplight of blacks and found, I think, more ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=21420.0,21450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/716","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"opportunities to show this sympathy\nand concern. Even in the early days after the emancipation movement began, the\nrelationship between Jews and blacks was much closer than it was between\nnon-Jews and blacks. But ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=21450.0,21480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/717","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the rising expectation of blacks, then I think\nthis relationship, began to undergo a change, and I think certain numbers of\nblacks began to question the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=21480.0,21510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/718","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"relationship and to feel they weren't too much\ninterested any longer in sympathy. What they wanted was more doors opened by the\nwhite community, and they tended to put Jews into the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=21510.0,21540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/719","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"same group with all white\npersons, because they considered Jews to be affluent and privileged and\ntherefore suspect. I think that there's obviously a different set of\ncircumstances now, and it has made the relationship ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=21540.0,21570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/720","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between blacks and Jews more\ncomplicated and more challenging.\n\nEVANS: I am wondering if you feel if there's anything out of the religiosity\nbackground of the two, a sense of ethic and sense of morality that comes\nprimarily through antecedents of religion, that tends to bring them together?\n\nELLIS: I think to some extent, in recent ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=21570.0,21600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/721","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years, the difference in religion has\ntended to separate them rather than bring them together, because I've found, in\ntalking with individual blacks and dealing with individual blacks, that\noftentimes the black person will have the same ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=21600.0,21630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/722","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"religious prejudices that a white\nChristian has. In other words, the black Christian viewpoint and the white\nChristian viewpoint sometimes is very similar, particularly as it relates in a\nnegative sense to certain Jewish beliefs and interests. I'm not sure ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=21630.0,21660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/723","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I have\nsensed or feel that there is a great commonality religious-wise between blacks\nand Jews. Only in the sense that . . . This is not so much religion as common\nexperience . . . That is that Jews and blacks both have suffered a great deal.\nThey have had the common experience of discrimination and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=21660.0,21690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/724","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"prejudice and\nmistreatment, and even being injured and killed. That has been a unifying\nfactor, I think, of great importance.\n\nEVANS: They are both minorities.\n\nELLIS: They're both minorities, that's right. In recent years, we have seen a\nfeeling of competitiveness between these minorities, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=21690.0,21720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/725","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it's not unusual\nfor a young black person to say, \"I see Jews now getting into professional\nsituations that formerly were closed to them. Why can't I, as a black, also get\ninto that same professional ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=21720.0,21750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/726","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"situation.\" In all fairness, I say why shouldn't\nblacks get into it? Where we have a dividing line, though, is it is common for\nblack groups to ask for entrance, as a group. In other words, allow a certain\nquota of blacks to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=21750.0,21780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/727","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"become executives, in banking, in broadcasting, in any\nprofessional or commercial field. Jews have never asked for groups of Jews to be\nadmitted into any organization. They've asked that individuals be admitted\nbecause they have a right to be admitted as ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=21780.0,21810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/728","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"individuals if they meet the\nqualifications. That's a profound difference, and it has created some painful\ndifferences among blacks and Jews.\n\nEVANS: On the point of religion, I guess I was thinking back, in part, to the\ncivil rights days, the dominance of the church and religious leaders in the\nblack community, and the sense that for some Christians, certainly perhaps in\nthe South, more so than in other ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=21810.0,21840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/729","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"parts of the country . . . Israel was the\nhomeland of Jesus, and in a sense, Israel is their Holy Land too. I guess you\nfind that more among the Baptists . . .\n\nELLIS: Bob, I don't think that's a big factor. As a matter of fact, it has been\nmore obvious among white fundamentalists than it has among black fundamentalists.\n\nEVANS: Very True.\n\nELLIS: The head of the Moral Majority ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=21840.0,21870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/730","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is a strong supporter of Israel, because\n[Jerry] Falwell says that his Bible tells him that the Jews have to reclaim\nIsrael . . .\n\nEVANS: Lester Maddox takes tour groups to the Holy Land.\n\nELLIS: Yes, that's right.\n\nEVANS: But you don't find that nearly as much among the black religious . . .\n\nELLIS: I don't think so, no. An individual black preacher refers to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=21870.0,21900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/731","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Zion, but I\ndon't think that he's as preoccupied with the mission that modern day Israel is\ncarrying out, according to fundamental Christian theology. I don't think he is\nas concerned with that as the white Christian fundamentalists.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=21900.0,21930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/732","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ELLIS: WSB made plans, like I guess a lot of organizations did to observe the\nnation's 200th anniversary, and one the things that I decided to do was to have\na ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=21930.0,21960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/733","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"daily recreation of an event that occurred on the same date, 200 years ago. We\nstarted before the bicentennial celebration, some six months or more before it\nactually came about. In other words, we started I think on January 1, 1975, and\nwe didn't really hit the big day until July 1976. We delved back into the\nhistory ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=21960.0,21990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/734","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"books and managed to find important, significant events that occurred on\nthese dates, and report them as if they were happening today, and as though they\nwere being covered by radio. We had reporters on the scene at the events. Our\nanchor man would switch to our reporter at a certain location, and if there was\na multiple ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=21990.0,22020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/735","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pickup, coming from several places like Philadelphia, Boston\n[Massachusetts] and Charleston [South Carolina], for instance, we would get\npickups from each of these locations, from each place. We found a sponsor for\nthis, First National Bank elected to sponsor it. We did this for the better part\nof two years as I recall . . . I would have to check the records to be sure\nabout ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=22020.0,22050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/736","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it, but it seems to me that we probably started back in 1975 and carried\non through the end of 1976. We had the better part of two years.\n\nEVANS: Did you often, in running the station, insert yourself in programming decisions?\n\nELLIS: Not only inserted myself into them, but I made all the basic programming\ndecisions. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=22050.0,22080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/737","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"don't say that in any conceited way. It just happens to be a matter\nof fact. My whole background was in programming so when I was promoted into a\ngeneral managership I couldn't just blithely slip into another area of\nbroadcasting and relinquish all of that basic interest and knowledge and\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=22080.0,22110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/738","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"experience that I had. Furthermore, I have a conviction about broadcasting which\nis not typical of a lot of people who are in the business. I happen to believe\nthat the heart and soul of broadcasting is programming. In other words, the\nproduct is what is important. Now there are an awful lot of people managing\nradio and television stations today who believe that the commercial aspect is\nwhat is important. That the bottom line is what you have to be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=22110.0,22140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/739","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"concerned about;\nthat you can always buy some programming products somewhere. I believe in the\neditorial content in the same way that a good newspaper believes in editorial\ncontent. It sells its advertising on the basis of what it produces editorially.\nThat was my philosophy in broadcasting. Therefore, it was most important for me\nto be concerned primarily with what we were putting on the air. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=22140.0,22170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/740","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"always made\nthe basic programming decisions at WSB until the day that I retired.\n\nEVANS: Was there a similar inclination to insert yourself into the sales and\nbusiness side of the station management then?\n\nELLIS: Not exactly in the same way, because my background was not sales, so I\ndidn't assume that I knew the answers in sales. I did provide a great deal of\nassistance and backup to the sales department, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=22170.0,22200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/741","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"particularly in the area of\ncreative ideas that were salable, and this has become increasingly important in\nradio, as any broadcaster will tell you. Almost every day, members of the sales\nstaff would come to me and say, \"I've got a chance to pick up some business with\nsuch-and-such an advertiser, if we can offer them an interesting ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=22200.0,22230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/742","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"idea.\" That's\nwhere I would go into action and come up with the idea.\n\nEVANS: In terms of the bicentennial series, was there ever anything that related\nto Jewish historical interest?\n\nELLIS: Yes, we had some instances, individuals we could zero in on, like Haym\nSalomon. I believe the Touro Synagogue ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=22230.0,22260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/743","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Rhode Island was brought into it.\nObviously, this was not a major factor because we were speaking about the\ngeneral history of the country, not the Jewish aspect of it.\n\nEVANS: At the end of the series there ever any thought about doing it again, it\nseems like a marvelously catchy programming idea, using some other point of focus?\n\nELLIS: The project was very demanding, time consuming, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=22260.0,22290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/744","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"expensive. We took a\nnumber of actors, most of whom we recruited from staff members but if you're\ngoing to tie up the staff members on a day-by-day basis, that in itself becomes\nexpensive. Just the research and writing, was a terrific and big job. It was\nwith some sense of relief, really, when the series came to an end. It is really\na little bit too expensive to try to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=22290.0,22320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/745","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do on a continuing basis.\n\nEVANS: There was also another very successful effort you made called 'Great\nAmericans, Great Georgians.' What was that about?\n\nELLIS: Actually, I think of two different projects that fall into that category.\nOne was a \"Great American\" series that we did in cooperation with a Savings \u0026\nLoan in Atlanta, Georgia . . . Federal Savings [Bank]. They came in as a\nco-sponsor, and each year we would ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=22320.0,22350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/746","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pick an individual to be our great American\nand would have a black tie dinner at which this person would be honored.\nAstronaut Wally Schirra was honored one year. Dr. Billy Graham was honored one\nyear. Senator Richard Russell was honored one year. Another series that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=22350.0,22380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/747","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"honored\ngreat Georgians and great Atlantans particularly was the \"Shining Light\" series.\nThat was done in co-sponsorship with the Atlanta Gas Light Company, and each\nyear we would select some deserving person whose life had been a shining example\nfor humanity. The individual would be honored with the erection of a beautiful\ngas ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=22380.0,22410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/748","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lamp at some appropriate location in Atlanta, and a plaque attached to that\nlamp, explaining in brief what it was for and who it honored. Those lights now\nare scattered all over Atlanta. There's one to Dr. Benjamin Mays, there's one to\nDr. Rufus Clement. I mention these because both happened to be black educators.\nDr. Clement ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=22410.0,22440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/749","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was former President of Atlanta University. Of course, Dr. Mays,\nMorehouse [College] . . . There are two in front of the State Archives building,\none honoring a former Secretary of State and another honoring a State Archivist.\nThere's one honoring the golfer Bobby Jones, in Buckhead [Atlanta]. You know\nthat little park little miniature park right in the center of Buckhead? There's\na gas lamp right ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=22440.0,22470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/750","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there at the apex of that park, honoring Bobby Jones. There's\none honoring Robert W. Woodruff, and there's an interesting story about that,\nbecause Mr. Woodruff was such an eminent philanthropist. At the time we decided\nto honor Mr. Woodruff I was told that it would be impossible to get him to\naccept the honor because he was known around Atlanta as Mr. Anonymous. He ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=22470.0,22500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/751","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had\ngiven millions of dollars to worthy causes, but he would never publicly take any\nrecognition or credit for it. I contacted a close associate of his, a man named\nJ.W. Jones . . . who is a member of the Coca-Cola Board of Directors and I\nbelieve for years was Secretary of the Coca-Cola Company, but also was a very\nclose confidante of Mr. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=22500.0,22530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/752","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Woodruff's. I asked him if it would be possible to see\nMr. Woodruff, and he said, \"I don't know. He's not likely to want to talk about\nanything like this. But write a letter and I'll ask, and we'll see.\" I wrote a\nletter, and in return I got a reply saying that \"Mr. Woodruff will expect you\nfor lunch\" on a certain day. I went down to his office, and that in itself was a\nvery interesting experience, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=22530.0,22560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/753","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because if you've ever visited that man's office,\nit's like going into a photographic museum, because there are pictures, hundreds\nand hundreds of pictures of Mr. Woodruff with the great people of the world, of\nthe 20th century. He knew them all, kings, princes, presidents. You name them .\n. . I had lunch with Mr. Woodruff, and he wanted to know what I had in mind, and\nI explained it to him, and he said, \"If you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=22560.0,22590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/754","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"want to give me an honor, just give\nit to me. Hand it to me.\" I said, \"No, sir, I can't do it that way. If we do it,\nwe'll have to do it in public, so people can come and see this and participate\nwith you, and honor you properly.\" He said he would think about it, and in a few\nweeks, I got word that he would agree to do it. That was the first time that he\nhad ever publicly accepted an honor. We had a big ceremony in front of the Coca\nCola ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=22590.0,22620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/755","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"building. The 'shining light' is there today. Thereafter Mr. Woodruff began\nto sort of come out of his shell, and to accept other honors publicly. But it\nhas been acknowledged even in the Atlanta newspapers that his acceptance of the\nShining Light Award was the thing that changed. Incidentally, he became a good\nfriend of mine, and I was able to get him to accept other awards, including the\nAnti-Defamation League award, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=22620.0,22650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/756","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Abe Goldstein Human Relations Award. He\naccepted that one year.\n\nEVANS: Tell me about that. Is there a story with that?\n\nELLIS: There was a desire one year to give that honor to him and they said, \"Do\nyou think we can get him to accept it?\" Someone said, \"You've gotten him to\naccept something else, maybe you can get him to accept this.\" I got in touch\nwith him again, asked for a meeting with him . . . and went to see ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=22650.0,22680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/757","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him. I was\naccompanied by Stuart Lewengrub of the ADL and one or two other persons who were\non the nominating committee . . . We went to Mr. Woodruff's office and talked to\nhim, and this time didn't have too much difficulty . . . He did toy around a\nlittle bit. He liked to do that. He enjoyed that. Again, it was this business\nof, \"Oh, I don't deserve the honor, and if I do, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=22680.0,22710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/758","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"why don't you just give it to\nme and let's not make a big deal out of it.\" But he ended up accepting it. One\nof the things I wanted to mention that has been a subject of some discussion\nwith some my Jewish friends, in such organizations as the AJC and ADL, is the\nfact that perhaps one of the important services I've been able to render in this\ncommunity is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=22710.0,22740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/759","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I've been able to bridge between the Jewish community and the\nnon-Jewish community. I feel that there are not a great many persons who are\nable to do that. They either fit into one group or the other. They're prominent\nleaders in the Jewish community or they're prominent leaders in the non-Jewish\ncommunity but there aren't too many who actually travel back and forth, between\nthose groups and who are able to do ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=22740.0,22770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/760","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it comfortably.\n\nEVANS: Without being unduly modest, Elmo, what do you think about Elmo Ellis\nthat enabled you to do that?\n\nELLIS: I think, first and foremost, my heritage in the sense of where I came\nfrom and how I was reared. My father and his father before him, apparently, were\nable to do this. Now, they did it in a smaller ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=22770.0,22800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/761","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"community, but they were totally\nintegrated into the community in everything except their religious life, they\nwere part and parcel of the community. Very little happened that they weren't\npart of. I know you can relate to that because your family, apparently, has a\nsimilar relationship in Durham, North Carolina. I was comfortable that way. I\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=22800.0,22830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/762","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"frankly would not have been comfortable, and maybe not even today be\ncomfortable, in a totally Jewish environment. It's just not part of my\nupbringing and therefore I wouldn't know how, really, to live in it,\ncomfortably. But being able to live in both is very natural for me. Just like\nswimming in salt water and fresh water and being comfortable in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=22830.0,22860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/763","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"both.\n\nEVANS: You mentioned that in the Jewish community, the ADL, they chose you to\ntake a request to the non-Jewish community. Did any of your business contacts\never result in a general business community coming to you for an entry into the\nJewish world? The opposite side of the coin?\n\nELLIS: It's one of those things where I cannot think of something specific, or\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=22860.0,22890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/764","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dramatic, to tell you. I'm sure, though, that it has happened. I guess I would\njust have to sit back and think about it.\n\nEVANS: Tell me a little, along the same theme, the nature of some of your\nrelationships with some of the political leaders of the city and the state. I\nthink of two very generic areas that are very important. Georgia has been\nblessed by having Senators and Congressmen who became, because of their\nseniority, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=22890.0,22920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/765","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"influential members of the Congress. Georgia was one of the\nwellsprings of black political leadership in the country. Take both of those and\ntell me about the nature of your relationships were with some of the political\nleaders, congressional, and then some of the black leaders.\n\nELLIS: One of the persons that I had a close relationship with was Senator\nRussell, and that came about because in 1952, Senator Russell entertained the\nidea of running for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=22920.0,22950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/766","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"President. He was . . . I'm not sure, I think to some extent\nhe was a reluctant candidate. But the conservative Democrats, the Dixiecrats, so\nto speak, really, wanted a candidate. They wanted a Southern candidate and\npersuaded him to run. He asked the head of our organization, Leonard Reinsch ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=22950.0,22980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/767","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for\nassistance in dealing with the media. Reinsch assigned me to work with Russell\nand I traveled with him in the months preceding the Democratic convention, and\nthat took us as far north as New York and to Washington and elsewhere, where he\nappeared on a number of different television programs. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=22980.0,23010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/768","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some of these programs\nare still familiar today, like \"Meet the Press,\" and \"Hat in the Ring,\" and . . .\n\nEVANS: \"Face the Nation?\"\n\nELLIS: \"Face the Nation,\" yes. Shows of that sort. I actually worked with him,\nand I produced some of his programs. I produced a film which was used to help\nintroduce him to the general public. That included going to Winder, Georgia, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=23010.0,23040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/769","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and\ndoing an interview with his mother, who was still alive, showing the old home\nplace. This was an unusual combination, my working with Senator Russell, because\nsome of his political views were at odds with some of my political views. One of\nthe things that I tried to talk with him about was getting him to adopt a more\nliberal stance on the matter of race ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=23040.0,23070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/770","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"relations. This was before the Civil Rights\nAct, and I remember one particular heart-to heart talk we had on the train from\nWashington to New York. I said, \"Now, Senator, we're going to New York and\nthey're going to be very rough on you on this matter of how we treat blacks and\nthe whole matter of civil rights. If you could ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=23070.0,23100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/771","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"adopt . . . If you could say\nsomething that would give some aid and comfort to people who want you to be more\nliberal on this question, it would really open up a world of opportunity for\nyou.\" He said, \"Elmo, if I did that, I would lose my base of support in the\nSouth, and I'd be completely dead. I understand ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=23100.0,23130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/772","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what you're saying, and I\nappreciate the importance of it, but I just can't do it.\" He was a captive to\nhis obvious Southern support and background. But this I think is an interesting\nstory. I've never seen anybody write this about a person like that. Because he\nwas an arch conservative, and he's considered basically to be a segregationist\nthroughout his ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=23130.0,23160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/773","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"life. But in the privacy of a Pullman compartment, sometimes, a\nperson really expresses some things that he wouldn't allow himself to express in\npublic, and I think in that case he did.\n\nEVANS: Were there other political leaders?\n\nELLIS: I've had good relations through the years with people like Governor Carl\nSanders. I know the former President [Jimmy] Carter. I remember years ago, when\nhe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=23160.0,23190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/774","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first started getting the glint in his eye about running for President. He\nwas between being Governor, having been Governor, and his desire to run for\nPresident. My wife and I saw him at some social function and after he shook our\nhands so vigorously and left to walk on to greet somebody else, my wife said,\n\"What in the world is he running for?\" He had not announced at that time. I\nthink it's rather ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=23190.0,23220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/775","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"interesting that she was able to detect that he was\npoliticking already.\n\nEVANS: Were there any matters relating to Jewish themes, subjects, or political\ninterest that you ever discussed with Jimmy Carter?\n\nELLIS: No. I've never had an occasion to sit down and talk at length with him.\nI've taken exception editorially in things I've written and said on the air, at\ntimes. For instance, I was bothered ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=23220.0,23250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/776","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by his Middle East policy, because I felt\nthat he was determined to bring about his own brand of peace in the Middle East,\neven if it meant he had to choke Israel to death to accomplish it. I'm sure he\ndidn't feel that way. I think he feels he's a good friend of Israel's, as he\nfeels he's a good friend of Egypt's. But I don't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=23250.0,23280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/777","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"think he ever really ever\ncompletely understood, or even today still completely understands the complexity\nof the Middle East situation. The real subtle nuances of it. I'm not sure any of\nour political leaders in this country, at the Presidential level, have\nunderstood it. I think some people who are aspiring to be President have\nunderstood it. I think [Hubert] Humphrey understood it. But I really don't think\nany of our Presidents, since ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=23280.0,23310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/778","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Roosevelt, and including Roosevelt, really had an understanding.\n\nEVANS: What sort of nuance are you thinking of?\n\nELLIS: The fact, for instance, that there is generally an assumption that there\nis a desire for peace among the Arabs. I'm convinced that the overwhelming\nmajority of Arabs, including the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=23310.0,23340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/779","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"leaders, of an overwhelming majority of Arab\ncountries, are still committed to the eradication of Israel as an unacceptable\nintruder into their midst. The reason they don't make any more efforts than they\nalready have to get rid of it is that they're afraid of it. They think that they\ndon't have enough ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=23340.0,23370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/780","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"military capability to win a war. But I think another war is\ninevitable. I hate to be that pessimistic about it, but I think it could happen\nalmost any time if a person, for instance, like, I'll mention, like Syria, if\n[Hafez al-]Assad decided that if he thought he had even an equal chance, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=23370.0,23400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/781","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because\nlooking at the [indistinct: 06:30:02] this is where you get back to the nuances,\n[indistinct: 06:30:06]. Their thinking is, \"We don't have to win a war with\nIsrael, we only have to cripple it because if we can carry on a war for a few\ndays even, the United States will step in and stop it.\" The United States, and\nRussia, too, stand as looming presences, which in the long run really ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=23400.0,23430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/782","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"determine\nthe outcome of conflicts in the Middle East. They don't want a clear cut victory\non either side.\n\nEVANS: In reference to President Carter, former President Carter, you don't feel\nthat any of the Camp David experience changed or affected him in any way?\n\nELLIS: I think that the Camp David experience has been overly exaggerated in\nimportance. I think [Anwar El] Sadat has been ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=23430.0,23460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/783","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"overly glorified as a messenger of\npeace. Mr. Sadat went to Israel because Mr. Sadat was a very pragmatic\npolitician. He was trying to save his own neck, that's all, and he felt that\nthis was a smart thing to do. But Jimmy Carter has interpreted it as a supreme\nact of courage. It didn't take a heck of a lot of courage. Sadat was pretty\ndoggoned sure in his own mind that he was just as safe or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=23460.0,23490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/784","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"safer in Jerusalem\nthan he would be on the streets of Cairo. That has been proved historically to\nbe true.\n\nEVANS: Come back to our theme, now, to associations with political leaders. Are\nthere any other episodes or anecdotes you can remember with other Georgia\npolitical leaders. Through the station, possibly?\n\nELLIS: Lester Maddox was always an interesting political figure. Interestingly\nenough, when you would ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=23490.0,23520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/785","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"deal with Lester Maddox, on a one-to-one basis, he could\nbe a very interesting character. One year, though, when he was running for\nGovernor and Ellis Arnold was running against him, we elected to editorialize in\nfavor of Ellis Arnold, and as you know, the FCC ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=23520.0,23550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/786","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"requires an equal time provision\nfor political candidates, and if you grant time, whether you sell it or give it\naway, to one candidate, you're obligated to allow an equal amount of time to any\nor all other candidates. We had to then allow Lester Maddox to respond. We also\nwere inundated with over 4,000 vitriolic letters and telegrams and phone ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=23550.0,23580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/787","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"calls\nfrom Maddox supporters. A lot of them were real nasty. The Ku Klux Klan type;\nthe red neck type. It was such an overwhelming experience in the sense of it was\ndifficult really just to handle all of the complaints, etcetera, that it\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=23580.0,23610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/788","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"illustrates the difficulties of trying to endorse political candidates. I don't\nthink the station has ever done it since.\n\nEVANS: Was that the first time the station had ever done it?\n\nELLIS: Endorsed a candidate? Yes. Many times, it had taken sides on issues, but\nyou don't get into the same problem there. You may get into a [indistinct:\n06:33:56] situation, but not into an equal ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=23610.0,23640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/789","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time. I can tell you, endorsing a\nvery controversial candidate can be a headache.\n\nEVANS: What was your role, the Elmo Ellis role, in the station's decision to endorse?\n\nELLIS: It turned out to be a joint decision, because the manager of the\ntelevision station, Don Heald, elected also to endorse Ellis Arnold. I wrote the\neditorial ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=23640.0,23670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/790","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we used, I believe, very similar editorials on radio and television.\n\nEVANS: He delivered his on his end.\n\nELLIS: Yes, and I delivered mine on radio.\n\nEVANS: Was there ever any discussion with Leonard Reinsch or anyone else up\nhigher about the wisdom of endorsement in a gubernatorial race?\n\nELLIS: Since we had never done it before, we did inform the top executives that\nwe were going to do it. But I never had any problem at all ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=23670.0,23700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/791","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about any pressure or\norders or anything of that sort, about editorial positions that I might take. It\nwas very rare that I would ever let anybody know anything about anything I was\neditorializing about. In my particular case, because we expected to get\nrepercussions. We let it be known because we knew we'd have to field a lot of\nphone calls, for instance. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=23700.0,23730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/792","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But in that case, the reaction from those above was\nsimply, \"I wish you luck.\" Another time when we had a problem was when J.B.\nStoner was running for office and . . . I've forgotten now what he was running\nfor; Lieutenant Governor I believe . . . He put out some very vicious one-minute\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=23730.0,23760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/793","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"commercials. When he came to both our radio and television stations and asked\nabout time, we wanted to refuse him. We were told we couldn't refuse him, which\nis true, but we did carry our appeal to the FCC, and it was, as I recall, during\nthe summertime and most of the FCC commissioners were on vacation, but they\nassembled, I believe, three of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=23760.0,23790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/794","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them and they sent back a telegram saying, \"You\nhave no choice. If you refuse, you're subject to legal problems for yourself.\"\nWe did have to carry those commercials. In doing so, carry an announcement, both\nbefore and after, explaining how we were carrying them; ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=23790.0,23820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/795","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we didn't want to\ndo it, but we had to.\n\nEVANS: Did you have much option in choosing when on air they would appear?\n\nELLIS: No. You can exercise that control, but you have to do it prior to the\nstarting of a campaign, so that everybody is treated fairly and equally. In\nother words, if you say, \"We are only going to allow the hours of 10:00 to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=23820.0,23850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/796","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"2:00\nPM in the day, and 8:00 to 10:00 PM at night, to be available for commercial\ntalent sale, you can label that, but you can't make up a rule like that on one\ncandidate without applying it to all candidates.\n\nEVANS: In terms of the corporate administration of the two operating entities,\nWSB radio and WSB TV, were there ever instances where you and Don Heald where at\nloggerheads over something?\n\nELLIS: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=23850.0,23880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/797","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not very often. I'm trying to remember . . . Usually, when we had a\nproblem, it would be about something about space in the building or having to\nabsorb expenses for something which maybe one ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=23880.0,23910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/798","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"person had decided unilaterally. I\ncan recall . . . I don't remember specifically what it was, but I remember an\noccasion where some . . . Don made some decision to undertake something that\nwould be an expense and then I found out, belatedly, that radio was going to be\ncharged part of it. Naturally, that was a justified reason for a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=23910.0,23940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/799","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"complaint and\nsome compromise had to be worked out. But generally, our relationship was a very\ngood and cooperative one. When he was out of the city, he would inform his\npeople that they could come to me for decisions on problems that they couldn't\nhandle themselves. I, in turn, would pass the same word onto my people in radio.\n\nEVANS: Elmo, come to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=23940.0,23970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/800","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something that really reflects a great deal of personal\ncredit on you, namely, the Peabody Award. Tell me what that was for and what\nyour role in it was.\n\nELLIS: The citation commented specifically about the editorials that I did which\nwere called \"Viewpoints,\" and the commentaries which I did which were called\n\"Pro and Con.\" But it also refers to my leadership in broadcasting. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=23970.0,24000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/801","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is\nrelated, I think, particularly to the fact that I spent several years away from\nradio, in the early days of television, and came back to radio at a time when\nradio was in a very depressed condition, because television had grown so rapidly\nand had become so nationally popular that people were not paying too much\nattention to radio.\n\nEVANS: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=24000.0,24030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/802","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Exactly what year span?\n\nELLIS: I came back into radio in 1952, the years of 1948 to 1952 were the years\nof very rapid growth, the pioneering days of television. I came back with a\ncompletely fresh viewpoint, because I had been away from radio and hadn't paid\nmuch attention to it. I'd been so absorbed with television. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=24030.0,24060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/803","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think I was able\nto see what radio was doing wrong, in response to the growth of television, and\nwhat it needed to do in order to be a competitive factor. I drew up a rather\ncomprehensive battle plan and a lot of the highlights in it were published in\nBroadcasting Magazine, under an article ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=24060.0,24090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/804","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"titled, \"Relieving the Rust from Radio.\"\nThen 100 different ideas about how to revitalize and modernize a radio station\nthat I drew up, were published by BMI, Broadcasting Music, Inc., which in those\ndays was very much interested in radio programming . . .\n\nEVANS: Now, did you have a PR [public relations] person on your staff,\ninterested in promulgating that rhythm, or did they come to you and ask?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=24090.0,24120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/805","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ELLIS: When you say, \"Did they come to me?\" you're referring to . . . ?\n\nEVANS: BMI and Broadcast Magazine.\n\nELLIS: My contacts with Broadcast and BMI, to a great extent, I carried on\nmyself. We did have somebody who was handling publicity, but mostly what that\nperson was concerned with was supplying the local ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=24120.0,24150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/806","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"newspapers with stories on a\nday to day basis about what we were doing with our programming. The information\nthat I mentioned, the 100 points on vitalizing radio and \"Relieving the Rust\nfrom Radio,\" that got national attention and BM I distributed these 100 points\nto all their members all over the country, and very shortly ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=24150.0,24180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/807","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thereafter I started\ngetting requests from broadcaster groups, in other words, the state's\nbroadcasters' associations, inviting me to come and speak to them. I made a\nlarge number of appearances, and BMI sponsored tours of the country and they\ntook three or four different representatives of radio stations that were doing\nunusual things on this ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=24180.0,24210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/808","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tour, and we would visit. Go from one city to the next,\none state to the next. I traveled to about 40 different states in the course of\na year or two. In the years after that, I made a tremendous number of speeches.\nI have several file drawers full of speeches I delivered during that time. They\nwere designed to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=24210.0,24240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/809","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"put some pep back into radio . . . I became locally a hero in\nthe industry, and I may have mentioned to you in a previous conversation that a\ngroup of Japanese broadcasters made periodic visits here. They used to come at\nleast once a year, 20 or 30 of them would visit WSB and ask me to speak to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=24240.0,24270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/810","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them\nand bring them up to date on what I thought was the best way for radio to\noperate. One year they came, and they handed me some . . . three little paper\nbound books, and they said, \"This is yours.\" I said, \"Thank you very much.\" I\nthought they meant, \"This is a gift for you.\" They said, \"No, this is yours,\"\nand I said, \"Yes. Thank you, thank you.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=24270.0,24300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/811","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then the man said, \"No, no, this is\nyours.\" He turned the front of the page of the book open, and there was my\npicture. Then when I started looking through it, I found certain things that\nlooked familiar, They had reprinted the Radio Station Management book, that I\nwas co-author of, and had put it in Japanese, and they brought me the three\nvolume edition of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=24300.0,24330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/812","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it. That's why they said, \"This is yours.\" Then they referred\nto me in some of their communications as \"Father of modern radio in America,\" at\nleast I got that honor from the Japanese.\n\nEVANS: Tell me about the book; you did not mention that before.\n\nELLIS: In 1960, again, the man who was executive director of our operations,\nLeonard Reinsch, who later became the first president ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=24330.0,24360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/813","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Cox Broadcasting\nCorporation, had apparently been contacted by Random House Publishers . . . Not\nRandom House Publishers, but Oxford University Press, about publishing a book on\nradio. He asked me if I would write it, and I did, we shared the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=24360.0,24390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/814","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"co-authorship\nof it, and it became a standard text in a great many college classrooms.\n\nEVANS: What was the title?\n\nELLIS: Radio Station Management.\n\nEVANS: In roughly what year?\n\nELLIS: It was published in 1960 . . . I don't know whether it is used anywhere\nnow because it would be out of date, but it was used for the next 15 to 20 years\nin universities and colleges around the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=24390.0,24420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/815","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"country. I've since then done other\nbooks on broadcasting, and I've just finished a third revision, a third edition\nof Opportunities in Broadcasting Careers, and that newly revised edition will be\ncoming out in the next few weeks. That one is designed to particularly help both\nhigh school and college ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=24420.0,24450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/816","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"students who are interested in the possibility of going\ninto radio or television or cable. It tells them not only about job\nopportunities in those three major fields, but other job opportunities in\nrelated professions, where a knowledge of broadcasting can be valuable and\nhelpful, such as public relations and advertising and public information and\nthings of that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=24450.0,24480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/817","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sort.\n\nEVANS: Is that book available in bookstores now?\n\nELLIS: It's published by the National Textbook Company, and they do their\nprincipal selling, I think, directly to schools and colleges . . High schools.\nThey mail out folders about the various books that they offer.\n\nEVANS: The title again is what?\n\nELLIS: Opportunities in Broadcasting Careers.\n\nEVANS: You mentioned, plural, several books you said you'd written. Can you tell\nme about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=24480.0,24510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/818","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those?\n\nELLIS: I did one in 1970 called Happiness is Worth the Effort, and that one\ndeveloped from I believe it was a phone call, originally, from the publisher's\nrepresentative of the Revell Publishing Company. They had a division then called\nHewitt House and this woman had been advised that I did daily broadcasts on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=24510.0,24540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/819","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"WSB,\nand she asked if she could see some samples of what I did, and I sent her some\nsamples of commentaries that I did. The next thing, she contacted me again and\nsaid, \"Would you be interested in doing a book?\" I said, \"Yes,\" and she gave me\na general idea of about how long the book should be and she said, \"These\ncommentaries that you've done are interesting but they're not long enough. You\nwould need to flesh out the material that you did.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=24540.0,24570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/820","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I used some of the ideas\nthat I'd done on the air, and made them longer, but then I introduced some fresh\nmaterial and ended up with a full blown book. I still get people asking me about\nthat. Unfortunately, it's not in print anymore. But I still get requests about\nwhere they could buy it or get a hold of a copy of it.\n\nEVANS: Were there other books?\n\nELLIS: The ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=24570.0,24600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/821","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other book was in 1978, when I did this Opportunities in\nBroadcasting, which later became Opportunities in Broadcasting Careers, and that\nwas revised in 1981 and then revised again in 1985 and 1986.\n\nEVANS: You published a collection of some of your air work. Have you ever\nthought of going back to publish that collection of speeches that you used to do\nfor BMI around the country?\n\nELLIS: I don't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=24600.0,24630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/822","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know whether there would be a market for that, because It would\nrequire very extensive updating. It was written for radio as radio existed in a\ncertain era, and radios changed . . . A lot of the basic philosophy would still\nbe applicable. If I were to write a book today about how to program radio, I'm\nsure that I would write some of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=24630.0,24660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/823","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"same philosophy. But the techniques, very\noften, would be different. A lot of people reading the speeches today would say,\n\"But we don't handle a lot of these features on our station that you talk\nabout,\" because most radio stations only have music, and at best a little bit of\nnews and a little bit of weather, and some commercials. Some of them don't even\nhave that much. When you talk about all the various features ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=24660.0,24690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/824","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I used to have\non radio stations and used to [indistinct: 06:51:36] as good ideas, most\nstations don't have any interest in them today.\n\nEVANS: Elmo, in terms of your own horizons, as you look ahead, does it strike\nyou that writing would be an attraction that you would like to follow.\n\nELLIS: I do follow it. I write a great deal, I write as much now, on a\nsemi-retired, part-time ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=24690.0,24720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/825","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"basis, as most full time journalists do. I write a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=24720.0,24750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/826","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"radio\ncommentary five days a week . . . Monday through Friday.\n\nEVANS: What station?\n\nELLIS: I'm on WGST in Atlanta, Georgia. I'm on both the AM and FM station,\n[indistinct: 06:52:48] several radio stations . . .\n\nEVANS: Is it syndicated . . .\n\nELLIS: It is syndicated, yes. Each one of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=24750.0,24780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/827","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those, of course, delivers some\n[indistinct: 06:53:04] vignette. It's not worth writing a news story, I'm\nwriting a little 90-second vignette which has some basic message in it that I\nhope will be helpful and valuable to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=24780.0,24810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/828","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"listener. Then, in addition to those\nfive broadcasts I do each week, I write a weekly newspaper column. As anybody\nknows who has ever done that, writing a column that will be meaningful to people\nalso is a bit of a challenge. Even a lot of the pros don't do more than two or\nthree a week. I do one of those plus five ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=24810.0,24840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/829","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"broadcasts, so that's six original\npieces of writing I have to do every week, 52 weeks a year.\n\nEVANS: Where do these newspaper columns run.\n\nELLIS: They appear originally in the Marietta Daily Journal, and then appear\nthereafter, about a week later, in the neighbor newspapers. There are 28\nneighbor newspapers published in the metropolitan Atlanta area, and I'm in most\nof those.\n\nEVANS: Are they all done by the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=24840.0,24870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/830","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"same management . . . ?\n\nELLIS: All those papers are published by the Marietta Daily Journal Company, yes.\n\nEVANS: Have you ever thought of having a column syndicated more widely, beyond Atlanta?\n\nELLIS: I have, but I've never pursued it to any extent to find out what the\npossibilities might be.\n\nEVANS: For someone not knowing Elmo Ellis, and not being familiar with the radio\nsound in Atlanta, tell me about those daily commentaries on air. What sort of\nthings are they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=24870.0,24900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/831","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about?\n\nELLIS: When I used to do daily commentaries for many years on WSB I wrote about\na tremendously wide variety of subjects because I wanted to reflect any kind of\nthing that interested me or concerned me. After I retired from WSB and was\napproached by WGST's manager ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=24900.0,24930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/832","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the possibility of doing a daily commentary\non his station, I accepted it and said to him, rather than do something that\nwould be related to what is happening in the news each day, I'm had to do this\nseries on a topic that I would call general life management. I had a selfish\nmotive in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=24930.0,24960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/833","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mind. Not only did I like the topic and I had dealt with it in\nprevious broadcasts on many occasions, but I felt this would give me subject\nmatter to develop one or more books at some later date. I started out on that\nbasis, and generally speaking, it's concerned with how to live a more\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=24960.0,24990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/834","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"successful, happy, well-adjusted life. About two weeks ago I finished the\n1,000th broadcast. In other words, I've done 1,000 scripts.\n\nEVANS: [indistinct: 06:56:47] now that we're talking . . . Two weeks ago.\n\nELLIS: In February, the end of February, I finished script and broadcast number\n1,000, in this series that I have done since I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=24990.0,25020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/835","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"retired from managing radio\nstations and started doing this, sort of as a hobby. I have a stack of\nmanuscripts that is three-fourths of a foot high, I guess, now, just on this\npresent series. I do intend to try to market that in book form. I've got to\ncontact a publisher. Frankly I stay so ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=25020.0,25050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/836","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"busy that I just haven't gotten around to\npursuing it.\n\nEVANS: Elmo, how old are you?\n\nELLIS: Sixty seven.\n\nEVANS: You don't seem to be that age.\n\nELLIS: I feel young in most ways, I look at the mirror and realize the years are\ndeteriorating. I felt very good when I went for a medical checkup the other day,\nand the doctor, who is very nice ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=25050.0,25080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/837","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about passing out little compliments like this,\nchecked my pulse and he said, \"Ah, you've got the pulse of a teenager.\" I hope\nthat's right. He also said, \"We've got to see that you live to be at least 100.\"\nI've always felt younger than my years, and not in any supercilious or superior\nmanner. I've literally felt ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=25080.0,25110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/838","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"younger when I found myself in a group of persons,\nparticularly in such instances where I'm to participate, as a speaker or in a\ndiscussion. I always feel that nearly everybody there is older than I am. I have\nto remind myself now that I am probably the oldest person in most groups that I\ngo ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=25110.0,25140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/839","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into. That's been a little bit of a sobering thing having to try to adjust\nto. I don't want to adjust too much to it because I don't want to go into\nmeetings feeling that I'm old or that I'm the oldest person because I don't\nthink that's particularly helpful to me or to anything that I might contribute.\nI think that I contribute better if I feel younger. When you feel younger you\ndon't have the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=25140.0,25170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/840","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"certainty of the old sage, so to speak. I don't mind admitting\nthat there's a lot of unanswered questions in my mind, I inherited that\nunderstanding from my father too, because I found out throughout his life, when\nI would ask him questions about things, when there were things, he didn't know\nhe would say, \"Son, I just don't know.\" But I also found that he had a great\nfaculty for asking ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=25170.0,25200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/841","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"questions. He was always seeking answers and I think that is\nwhat keeps a person young. If you're eternally curious then you're not going to\nget set in your ways and be too sure about things, and you'll keep questioning\nand that in itself is a youthful way of approaching life.\n\nEVANS: Do you have any regimen of exercise or activity that you follow?\n\nELLIS: I have no ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=25200.0,25230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/842","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"prescribed pattern that I follow. In fact, it's a little bit\nironic, If my wife or my children were to have heard that question they would\nhave laughed, because on my last birthday my wife gave me a trimline walking\nmachine, and exerciser . . . It's a treadmill and you can gear it to go as fast\nas you want to go. By all ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=25230.0,25260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/843","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"measurements of good judgment, I should be using that\nevery day, but I don't. I have good intentions to start to do it every day.\n\nEVANS: What about food? Are you conscious or sensitive about diet?\n\nELLIS: Yes, but not particularly on the basis of vanity and I wanted to keep my\nweight down, so much as I do know that some foods don't agree with me as well as\nothers. I have become conscious of such things as cholesterol . . . Some years\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=25260.0,25290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/844","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ago, when I was quite ill, and I did lose a lot of weight, I realized that it\nwould be easier to keep that weight off if I were simply not to eat so much\nsugar or so much better . . . I rarely ever use any sugar now. When I drink iced\ntea or coffee or something it's without any sweetener, and I rarely ever put\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=25290.0,25320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/845","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"butter on bread or anything of that sort. It's amazing how those can help you\nkeep your weight down. The other day when I went for my physical and the nurse\nweighed me at the doctor's office, she said I was slightly under 200, right\nabout 199. When I graduated from high school, I weighed 195 . . . I'm holding on\npretty well.\n\nEVANS: Elmo, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=25320.0,25350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/846","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"share with me what your work routine is now. You say you do five\ncommentaries and one weekly column. How do you work? Where do you get your\ninspiration? How do you develop them into your final drafts? What do you do?\n\nELLIS: I go around through life with sort of a little vacuum cleaner approach.\nAnything I see or hear is potentially subject matter and if you've geared\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=25350.0,25380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/847","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"yourself to a certain number of obligations, your mind will almost automatically\ngo into action to help you meet those obligations. Unconsciously, or\nsubconsciously, anytime I read a magazine or newspaper or watch a television\nprogram, I'm ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=25380.0,25410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/848","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"subconsciously looking for ideas. Particularly on interview\nprograms where I hear somebody make a statement and it will strike me as \"Oh,\nthat's a good statement. That's applicable to something that I'd like to talk\nabout.\" Then I'll try to quickly make a note on it . . .\n\nEVANS: Do you keep a note pad and pen always on you?\n\nELLIS: I try to keep just a three [inch] by five [inch] card, something. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=25410.0,25440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/849","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But\nvery frequently I'll write on the edge of a newspaper, or the edge of a\nmagazine. Or many of these magazines now carry a postcard inside where you can\ntear it out and subscribe to the magazine. I'll frequently find one of those\npostcards and tear it out and write down whatever it is I want to try to remember.\n\nEVANS: What kind of a work schedule do you follow now?\n\nELLIS: I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=25440.0,25470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/850","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"don't follow the kind of schedule where you read about, authors say,\n\"Now, from 9:00 AM to 11:00 AM, I write and then I have tea.\" I don't do that.\nBut I do try to do most of my work as early in the week as possible, because\notherwise it hangs over my head. Now that has always been a habit with me. As a\nschoolboy, I had to get my school ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=25470.0,25500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/851","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"papers completed, or nearly all of my\nassignments, completed when I came home from school as fast as possible. Because\notherwise, in the back of my mind, was lurking [indistinct: 07:05:11] I\npreferred to reverse it and I could, do the schoolwork and then play. I still\nlike to do that. I 1ike to get all my writing done by Wednesday or Thursday, so\nfrom Friday through Sunday I can play if I want ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=25500.0,25530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/852","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to.\n\nEVANS: Monday and Tuesday are generally far busier than Thursday or Friday?\n\nELLIS: I'm not writing right now while we're talking.\n\nEVANS: Are you conscious of that?\n\nELLIS: Yes.\n\nEVANS: In the back of your mind, it's a little bit of a disturbance; you have to\nget back to it.\n\nELLIS: Not a disturbance, as such, because, obviously, I would not have agreed\nfor us to meet if it had been all that serious. But it's in the back of my mind.\nIn other words, I know I'm falling behind, so to speak.\n\nEVANS: That's interesting. You try to do ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=25530.0,25560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/853","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"your radio pieces five at a time so\nthat your recording trips to the studio are only once a week?\n\nELLIS: Yes. I record on Monday, unless there's some reason I'm going to be out\nof town, or the producer is going to be out of town. I might record on a Tuesday\nor a Wednesday, but that's very rare. Generally, it's Monday.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=25560.0,25590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/854","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"EVANS: That means that by the previous Thursday, you hope to have finished next\nMonday's scripts. When they're recorded on that next Monday, they are for\nscheduling the week after?\n\nELLIS: Yes. We're a week ahead, or a week behind.\n\nEVANS: How do you fit your newspaper column into that?\n\nELLIS: The newspaper column is the last thing I do in the week, so that I\nusually would be writing it on a Thursday. If something, again, interfered,\nconceivably, I could do that as ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=25590.0,25620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/855","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"late as Saturday or Sunday if I had to, and I\nhave done that.\n\nEVANS: Are the subjects or themes of the newspaper column similar to what the\nradio pieces are?\n\nELLIS: No.\n\nEVANS: How does it differ?\n\nELLIS: The newspaper column, in the first place, is similar to the approach that\nI used to take when I mentioned when I was managing WSB AM-FM. I deal a lot with\nmatters that both interest me and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=25620.0,25650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/856","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or concern me. For instance, this past week my\ncolumn was about the fact that this neighborhood in which I live is being\nthreatened with a buyout, and my wife and I happen to be one of the few families\nwho are determined to try to save this neighborhood. Others have been either\ncajoled or intimidated or one way or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=25650.0,25680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/857","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"another have been pressured into selling or\nagreeing to sell their houses. A planning commission hearing is going to be held\nin a few weeks, and then a few weeks after that, early May, the Fulton County\nCommission will hear this, and I intend to be one of the spokespeople, opposing\nthis sellout of our neighborhood, primarily on the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=25680.0,25710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/858","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"basis that this was built to\nbe a residential neighborhood. Atlanta needs substantial residential sections,\nand it should be preserved for that. I have no objection to any of my neighbors\nselling their houses if they want to. That's all right, but they should sell\nthem to somebody else who wants a house to live in. They shouldn't sell to\nsomebody who wants to turn this neighborhood into office buildings and into\nretail stores, and for things other ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=25710.0,25740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/859","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than single family residences.\n\nEVANS: Is it a local or out-of-town developer?\n\nELLIS: The man who is trying to buy up the land is a local developer, but the\nmoney that will be used to buy it is from out-of-town, I understand.\n\nEVANS: Now, would that be something you would talk about on the air, in one of\nyour commentaries?\n\nELLIS: No.\n\nEVANS: It would be the subject of a column?\n\nELLIS: Yes. Even if my on-the-air ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=25740.0,25770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/860","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"commentaries were so generic in form that it\nwould work, it still is questionable that this would be suitable material to be\nbroadcast on stations outside the city of Atlanta. For that reason, I wouldn't\nuse it on the air.\n\nEVANS: Elmo, what do you do on days when you sit down at the typewriter and the\nmind is as blank as the paper in the script? There's nothing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=25770.0,25800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/861","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there.\n\nELLIS: Before I answer that, let me give you one other example about a column I\nwrote, because it will give you a contrast . . . The week before I wrote about\nmy neighborhood being subject to a sellout, I wrote about my home county in\nAlabama, which used to be known as 'Bloody Bibb' county. A hundred years ago, it\nwas a frontier county ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=25800.0,25830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/862","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and desperadoes were as common there as they were in the\nMidwest a hundred years ago. Newspapers that were publishing in those days used\nto talk about the fact . . . I quoted one of them, in my home county, from about\nhundred years ago, that said, \"We should be proud of ourselves. We haven't had a\nmurder in Bibb County in the last three ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=25830.0,25860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/863","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"weeks.\" I wrote about how bad it used to\nbe, and then the fact that we went through a period when I was growing up that\nwas very quiet. Relatively peaceful. Then, I noticed in the county newspaper\nthat I get each week, that they had had a rash of robberies and even some murders.\n\nEVANS: You still subscribe to your hometown county paper from Alabama?\n\nELLIS: Yes. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=25860.0,25890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/864","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"get the home county newspaper. It's not from my hometown but it is\nfrom the county seat, and there are stories in there about people from my\nhometown. Fewer and fewer whom I know anymore, or recognize. I mentioned that\nwe're getting back into the violence that's reminiscent of what it was 100 years\nago. But there is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=25890.0,25920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/865","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some hope, because a lot of the recent cases I read about have\nbeen solved because of the stupidity of the criminals. A combination maybe of\ngood police work and criminal stupidity, preventing our home county from\nbecoming 'Bloody Bibb' again, as it was a century ago. That was the subject\nmatter of another column. Now, you asked, \"What do I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=25920.0,25950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/866","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do sometimes when I . . . \"\n\nEVANS: When you don't have a theme and you've got to face a deadline and you\ndon't know what to write about?\n\nELLIS: I have oodles and oodles of clippings, notes, magazines, books and\neverything else, stacked in my office, and I also have all of . . . or at least\na good many of the broadcasts that I did in years ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=25950.0,25980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/867","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"past. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=25980.0,26010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/868","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can go to these loose\nleaf ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=26010.0,26040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/869","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"notebooks and leaf through those. Sometimes I find an idea that I can\nupdate. But, frankly, I have more than enough material to keep me going\nindefinitely, and I keep adding to it, because I keep finding ideas all the time.\n\nEVANS: I'm wondering, going back into the years where you were leading the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=26040.0,26070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/870","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"station, if there were ever any racial instances which resulted in not only\nthreats to the station or reactions to the station, [interview pauses, then\nresumes] but also things to you personally?\n\nELLIS: Yes, I think we talked about that . . . where things that I would say on\nthe air would obviously cause people to . . . on the lunatic fringe or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=26070.0,26100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/871","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Ku\nKlux Klan element to call and make threats, and I think I mentioned to you that\non one occasion even there was a . . . my life was threatened, and in that\ninstance I let the FBI know, and an agent came out and talked with me and\nsuggested that I be particularly careful for the next few weeks. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=26100.0,26130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/872","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You mentioned\nhaving spoken to my former secretary, Judy Gaulden about this. Not only did you\nask her about that, but I know for years she took many complaint calls, some of\nwhich she never even bothered me with. If she didn't think they were anything\nmore than nuisance calls, she wouldn't even tell me because she just didn't want\nto upset me with it . But there also were calls that would threaten to blow up\nthe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=26130.0,26160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/873","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"building, and on several instances we thought they were real enough that we\ndid actually vacate the building. On several instances we would call up the\npolice department and they would come out and check the building. It did happen,\nand you learn to live with it. I must say, though I guess this is pretty common.\nAfter a while, you become sort of immune to this sort of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=26160.0,26190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/874","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thing and it really\ndoesn't scare you as much as people think it does. There may be some danger in\ndoing this, but you start to believe that you can interpret these threats as to\nwhether they are really the dangerous kind or not. Now, that may be a dangerous\ngame to play, maybe kind of Russian roulette, but I must say that when you get\nthreats, after a while you begin to believe you can ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=26190.0,26220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/875","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tell, separate the ones that\nreally are dangerous from the ones that aren't. Actually, most of them aren't dangerous.\n\nEVANS: Elmo, turn your mind back if you can, I believe it was 1972 when the city\nof Atlanta had a most unusual election, in that a Jewish candidate ran against a\nblack candidate, Sam Massell against Maynard Jackson. What do you recall about\nthat campaign that might have a relationship to possibly Jewish interest?\nPerhaps your own involvement, or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=26220.0,26250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/876","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something with the station?\n\nELLIS: Nothing immediately comes to mind that stood out particularly. There were\nreally no bad incidents related to it, because the two candidates were basically\ndecent people, and they really didn't get down into the gutter in their\ncampaign, as you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=26250.0,26280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/877","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"might have expected. They, I think, were both very conscious of\nthe fact that they were both minorities; represented minorities. I think that\nhad a great deal to do with the type of campaigns that they conducted against\none another.\n\nEVANS: Because of your prominence and your position as a Jewish leader, was\nthere any effort made to enlist you on the side of the Jewish candidate?\n\nELLIS: No.\n\nEVANS: Were you friends?\n\nELLIS: Yes. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=26280.0,26310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/878","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know both men today very well, did then. But, no, [indistinct:\n7:18:43] . . . other political candidate, whether they happened to be Jewish or non-Jewish.\n\nEVANS: Perhaps the remarkable thing about that campaign was that indeed it was\nso unremarkable.\n\nELLIS: Yes. I think so.\n\nEVANS: Let me pick up a theme that we touched on earlier, when you talked ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=26310.0,26340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/879","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about\nSenator Dick Russell, and turn that focus if you can onto some of the black\nleadership in Atlanta. Reminisce about personal relationships with a Martin\nLuther King, with a Maynard Jackson, an Andy Young . . .\n\nELLIS: No deep relationships with any of them, because I never was involved that\nmuch in the political life of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=26340.0,26370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/880","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"community [indistinct: 7:19:37] . . . As for\nthe present mayor, Andy Young, I run into him from time to time. I've talked\nwith him and been on programs with him. He's been very complimentary about my\ncommentaries. He volunteered more than once that he found them interesting and\nhelpful. Apparently, he does listen with some regularity to this present ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=26370.0,26400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/881","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"series\nthat I do. I remember mentioning in earlier conversations that we had, in this\nrecording that we're making, about some discussions that I had with the\nCommissioner of Police and the Chief of Police, [Lee P.] Brown and [George]\nNapper, when they were very deeply involved in the traumatic search ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=26400.0,26430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/882","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the\nkiller of black children in Atlanta. Eventually, of course, Wayne Williams was\narrested, tried and convicted. The difficulties in dealing with the media led\nCommissioner Brown to ask for my help. I remember dealing with Martin Luther\nKing on a broadcast one ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=26430.0,26460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/883","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time that was fed from WSB to NBC, and I may have\nmentioned this . . . Taking my son with me down to the studios, and we met Dr.\nKing. He was so impressed that he said to me after, \"Dad, I'm not going to wash\nmy hand, because Dr. King shook hands with me.\"\n\nEVANS: He was how old?\n\nELLIS: About 10 or 11, I guess, at the time. Dr. Mays, Benjamin Mays, became ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=26460.0,26490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/884","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a\ngood friend of mine, in his later years, and I remember one very enjoyable\nflight that I made to Washington when he and I sat beside one another and had a\nvery interesting, two-hour conversation. I was able to explore . . . a lot of\nhis own ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=26490.0,26520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/885","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"experiences as a young man, and how he become such a dedicated leader in\nthe Civil Rights Movement. It's my personal opinion that Dr. Mays was probably\nas instrumental in fashioning Martin Luther King's career as any other\nindividual, including Dr. Martin Luther King, Sr.\n\nEVANS: How so? Tell me.\n\nELLIS: As a teacher of Dr. King ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=26520.0,26550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/886","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at Morehouse, and as a teacher of a great deal\nof the better known names in the Civil Rights Movement, Dr. Mays was\ntremendously influential. You name almost any Morehouse graduate of the last 25\nto 30 year, 40 years maybe, whose name is nationally known and went to\nMorehouse, and he will tell you that the man who ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=26550.0,26580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/887","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"influenced most was Dr.\nBenjamin Mays. I am pleased to have called Mays a personal friend. He was one of\nthe persons that we honored with a Shining Light award, and it was erected at\nMorehouse College, and incidentally, he decided where the light was going to go.\nThere was a little bit of a difference of opinion. The current President of\nMorehouse wanted to put it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=26580.0,26610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/888","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one place and Dr. Mays wanted to put it another. Dr.\nMays won the battle; it went where he wanted it.\n\nEVANS: Maynard Jackson?\n\nELLIS: Yes . . . I've recently, within the last year, had a long luncheon\ndiscussion with Maynard Jackson about black-Jewish relationships. Because he was\nconcerned enough about it to invite me and Stewart Lewengrub ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=26610.0,26640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/889","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Charles\nWittenstein to sit down with him at lunch in his office and to talk about this.\nWe found that his understanding of black-Jewish relationships was not as good as\nit should be. He grossly exaggerates Jewish power and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=26640.0,26670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/890","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"influence. He even\nsuggested that a coalition of Jews and blacks in America could control American\npolitics. We had to try to explain to him that our numbers were not that big or\nthat great. That is symptomatic of some of the problems that we have in the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=26670.0,26700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/891","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"black-Jewish relationship. There is a gross exaggeration in the minds of some of\nour more prominent black leaders of how influential and how powerful Jewish\n[indistinct: 7:25:19] are. They think that it's mutual and more important than\nit is. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=26700.0,26730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/892","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That can be a very troublesome situation, and I think it is. I don't\nthink it's been explored nearly as much as it needs to be.\n\nEVANS: Elmo, I want to explore, just a little bit, some of your later activities\nwith the Anti-Defamation League. I know you've been chairman of the Southeast\nregional board and I think on one of the National Commissions of ADL\n\nELLIS: I am on the National Commission, yes.\n\nEVANS: Tell me a little about those experiences.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=26730.0,26760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/893","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ELLIS: The ADL is differentiated from the American Jewish Committee . . . Now,\nI'm on the board of the American Jewish Committee also, but I've not been as\nactive in matters there as I have at the ADL, and I've found that they operate\nsomewhat differently. The American Jewish Committee involves its membership much\nmore on the local ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=26760.0,26790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/894","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"scene. The Anti-Defamation League relies more on its\nprofessional staff. But as chairman, I was in constant communication with that\nprofessional staff. I realized how many different areas of concern that they got\ninvolved ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=26790.0,26820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/895","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in. They're constantly carrying on educational efforts, legal efforts .\n. . dialogue where there is a need to get better understanding and get\ncooperation, and the various types of problems they have dealt with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=26820.0,26850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/896","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have just\nrun the spectrum, and I personally haven't taken part in all this because . . .\nA very recent example has been the involvement of ADL, it was not entirely ADL,\nit was AJC and I believe . . . The Atlanta Jewish Federation were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=26850.0,26880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/897","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"involved in\nefforts to get the pardon, a posthumous pardon for Leo Frank. But I know that\nCharles Wittenstein of ADL did an awful lot of legwork on that, research and\ncontact work with the pardon and paroles board. That, I think, is a noteworthy\nprofessional accomplishment. I would like to respond further, Bob, but maybe I'm\nnot really sure that I understand . . .\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=26880.0,26910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/898","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"EVANS: I'm thinking of some of the subject areas that the ADL would have been\ninterested in.\n\nELLIS: [indistinct: 7:28:37] for instance, are the fact that students complain\nthat examinations are being scheduled on . . .\n\nEVANS: Holidays?\n\nELLIS: Religious holidays, or certain events, college entrance exam test, or\nqualifying tests for college are being held on Saturdays and certain religious\nstudents who feel ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=26910.0,26940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/899","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"strongly about that, don't want to take the test on Saturday.\nThings of that sort. They are constantly having to make contact with officials\nin organizations. That's just one area. People run into individual cases of\ndiscrimination, of bigotry, or defacement of property. Somebody has a cross\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=26940.0,26970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/900","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"burned on their lawn, or a synagogue has a swastika painted on it. They\ninvestigate these things. They try to find out, possibly who caused it and how\nto keep it from happening again.\n\nEVANS: I'm thinking more in terms of the KKK and some hate things, or even, in\nthe broader, higher level of civil rights. With your experience and background,\nhas there been any involvement with ADL on that or related to that?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=26970.0,27000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/901","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ELLIS: Yes. Again, I find it a little difficult to respond to because as I say,\nit's an ongoing thing. I'm sure that the fact that J.B. Stoner is in jail today,\nthere is a very real ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=27000.0,27030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/902","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"connection there, you see? Sure, he was found guilty of\nbombing a church in Birmingham, but the dossier on him in the ADL file is thick,\nas it is on other characters like that. As you know, the publication that\nStoner's organization puts ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=27030.0,27060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/903","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out considers the ADL to be' one of its prime\nenemies. This group, [indistinct: 7:31:05 ] which has, hopefully, pretty well\nwhittled down by arrests and convictions. [indistinct: 7:31:17] . . . Those are\nexamples of the kind of work that ADL does [indistinct: 7:31:26] . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=27060.0,27090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/904","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the day\nto day background because that's for professionals to do.\n\nEVANS: Has there been any instance, when you're with the ADL and had them\nrequest your making contact with some corporate officials or political leaders\nhere in the city?\n\nELLIS: [indistinct: 7:31:53]\n\nEVANS: In your ADL involvement, have they had occasion to ask you to make\ncontact with corporate ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=27090.0,27120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/905","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"leaders or political leaders here in Atlanta?\n\nELLIS: We mentioned earlier about each year when they give out honors . . .\n\nEVANS: Like Woodruff . . .\n\nELLIS: Right. For a number of years now I've been involved in that, and I've\nbeen a member of a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=27120.0,27150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/906","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"committee to call on various individuals that we've wanted to\nhonor. It goes back to something else you asked about, had that situation ever\nbeen reversed, had I had members of the Christian community ask me about matters\nrelating to the Jewish community? Yes, there have been times when even simple\nthings like matters of the suitability ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=27150.0,27180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/907","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of an invocation at an event, or the\nsuitability of food to be served at an event, I've had questions like that asked\nof me on a number of occasions, by Christians who just didn't know. I have taken\nit upon myself to point out, too, in organizations in which I'm involved, where\nthe membership was overwhelmingly ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=27180.0,27210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/908","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Christian, oftentimes you find that when\nprayers are given at meetings or groups like that, they pray in the name of\nJesus. I have pointed out to the leadership that because I'm involved in that,\nI'd appreciate it if they did not do that; that they have a prayer that I could\nsubscribe to, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=27210.0,27240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/909","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"too. I've found a willingness, and just an unawareness that\nsomething like that was offensive. They just don't know until you tell them;\npoint it out to them.\n\nEVANS: Any things involving any of the interests or campaigns regarding Soviet Jewry?\n\nELLIS: I've served on a local committee, but not with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=27240.0,27270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/910","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"any . . . I can't say I\nwas so active I did anything of [indistinct: 7:34:35].\n\nEVANS: Going back to your role as a Jewish leader, but also being major\ncorporate executive of a broadcasting company, there must have been occasions\nwhere various causes, organizations, or people said, \"Elmo, give us the time\nbecause we need to have this story told, in the Jewish interest.\" Did anything\nlike that arise?\n\nELLIS: From leaders of the Jewish community? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=27270.0,27300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/911","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes. From time to time that has\nbeen suggested. For instance, at the time . . . Several years ago, when we first\nstarted working real actively on the Leo Frank pardon . . . Because, you\nremember, a year or so ago, a petition was denied. When we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=27300.0,27330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/912","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were working on that,\nto try to get the pardon, several people said, \"I suppose you'll write about\nthis,\" and I said, \"Yes, I will,\" and I did, I wrote a column, in which I\nstrongly recommended that . . . Then when it was denied, I wrote another column,\nsaying that I felt a gross injustice had been done, that the Pardon and Paroles\nBoard had exercised poor judgment and bad judgment.\n\nEVANS: The Leo Frank matter ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=27330.0,27360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/913","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would not have been a subject for one of your radio commentaries?\n\nELLIS: In the series? No, you've got to remember the station . . . Certainly, it\nwould have been a subject for a commentary if I were still managing WSB . . .\n\nEVANS: I understand.\n\nELLIS: But since I have retired and am doing this particular series, this series\nis specifically only on one subject; If I was doing a series on how to cook\nfood, I wouldn't do anything except food. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=27360.0,27390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/914","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All I'm doing is life management. I'm\nnot doing Jewish concerns, or about anything other than how to manage your life better.\n\nEVANS: Back in the days when you were managing the station, how did you respond\nwhen there were Jewish interests, Jewish causes, that came to you and said, \"Put\nthis on the air\"?\n\nELLIS: No one ever said, \"Put this on the air.\"\n\nEVANS: Ask for it?\n\nELLIS: They would ask me to consider it maybe. I would consider it on the basis\nof ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=27390.0,27420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/915","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether I thought it should be put on the air. I tried to consider it exactly\nthe same way that I considered an appeal from somebody that was not Jewish.\n\nEVANS: Would the Leo Frank matter, had the timing been years ago when you were\nat the station, would have that warranted airtime?\n\nELLIS: Yes.\n\nEVANS: Why do you think so?\n\nELLIS: Because the same argument that I put into the column that I wrote was\nexactly the same one I would have put on the air then. It was not a Jewish\nargument. It was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=27420.0,27450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/916","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"humanitarian argument. I tried always to apply that\nyardstick. It was critically important that I do so, too, I think, because I\nwasn't managing a Jewish radio station. I was managing the biggest radio station\nin town, in the South, and I had a huge audience and that meant necessarily that\nI had diverse elements and loyalties, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=27450.0,27480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/917","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and whatever position I took editorially I\nhad to be able to justify it, and I never tried to make it a sectarian . . .\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=27480.0,27510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/918","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"EVANS: The news department and the news director, were they . . . Was that a\npart of the station that you might approach if there was something that you were\ninterested in to have them cover it?\n\nELLIS: Yes. Again, always with the condition that I could justify it as being\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=27510.0,27540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/919","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"newsworthy. But again, the radio station, in all the years that I managed it,\nwas managed with the idea that we wanted, as much as possible, to reflect the\nlife of this city. That meant that anything that was legally and morally\nacceptable, going on in this city, was potentially material to go on the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=27540.0,27570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/920","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"air.\nBecause I was active in a number of organizations and still am, it is natural\nthat I would sometimes be aware of something that was happening or going to\nhappen, simply because of my involvement in it. That was a plus, because it\nallowed me to [indistinct: 7:39:49] sometimes before anybody else in the city\nknew about it, and we could get newer and better coverage on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=27570.0,27600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/921","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it.\n\nEVANS: You were running the station during the Jimmy Carter administration?\n\nELLIS: Yes.\n\nEVANS: Did you have personal relationships with any of the people that went to\nWashington with Carter?\n\nELLIS: When he was governor, from time to time I would have communication,\nusually by telephone, with both [indistinct: 7:40:23] Hamilton Jordan, and also\nthe man who became his press ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=27600.0,27630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/922","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"secretary . . .\n\nEVANS: Jody Powell.\n\nELLIS: With Jody Powell. I would talk with them [indistinct: 7:40:34] from time\nto time when they were working for the Governor at the State Capitol.\n[indistinct: 7:40:44: possibly: 'but we were not acquaintances in that sense']\nMy relationship with the governor was simply the fact that he knew me as a\nbroadcaster, and I knew him as politician.\n\nEVANS: Had you known Andy Young before he went up to the United Nations [U.N.]?\n\nELLIS: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=27630.0,27660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/923","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, but again, not on a deep level. I think the first occurrence dates\nback to the days of the Atlanta Community Commission. Which was the Community\nRelations Commission, but it was called the Atlanta Community Commission at\nfirst, and the first chairman of that was Irving Kaler, who just died recently.\nHe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=27660.0,27690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/924","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a cousin of mine. Incidentally, I delivered the eulogy at his funeral.\nAfter Irving, there was a Reverend Sam Williams who was the chairman, and then\nalong, I believe, came Andy. I believe he was probably the third. I was involved\nwith that Commission as an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=27690.0,27720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/925","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"advisor. In fact, I helped draw up the minister's\nmanifesto, Reverend Sam Williams and I wrote that, it was a statement, a\nproclamation of sorts which a great many Protestant, Catholic and Jewish clergy\nsigned, appealing to the people of this city to be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=27720.0,27750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/926","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"law-abiding and to respect\none another and to respect the civil rights of one another, and so forth. At\nthat time, it was a rather courageous statement. Anyway, at that time I believe\nAndy was the chairman of that. I believe that was the first time I came to know him.\n\nEVANS: During the later years when he ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=27750.0,27780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/927","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was the U.N. representative, and the\nmatters of the PLO [Palestine Liberation Organization] came up, did that in any\nway involve you on any level?\n\nELLIS: No . . . Let me see now, what year was that? Do you remember?\n\nEVANS: 1977? 1978?\n\nELLIS: I had got some occasion to comment on it on the air, but I didn't talk\nwith Andy ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=27780.0,27810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/928","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"personally about it. I'll tell you that recently, when he came in for\ncriticism because of his softness on [Louis] Farrakhan, and I did . . . a\nnewspaper column on that, incidentally. I was invited by ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=27810.0,27840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/929","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Andy's press\nrepresentative, a woman who works for him now, to meet with him. It was kind of\na meeting of several Jewish leaders, and I put forth a stipulation in that\nmeeting because he was objecting because of an article that had been written ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=27840.0,27870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/930","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by\na reporter in Chicago and printed in the Southern Israelite. The reporter said\nthat the conversations had been taped and I wanted to know if we would be\npermitted to hear those ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=27870.0,27900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/931","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tapes if we sat down to talk with Andy. In other words,\nI didn't just want to hear Andy's side of the story; I wanted to hear what he\nsaid on the tape too. I think her name is Carol Muldawer, who works in his\noffice, and she was taken aback by my putting conditions on it. She said she had\nto get back in touch with me. It ended up that I just didn't go to the meeting\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=27900.0,27930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/932","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because she couldn't promise on my condition. [indistinct: 7:45:34] Anyway, that\nfact was simply an indication of his awareness of me and my concern about such\nmatters. He apparently did want to talk with me about it. [Interview pauses,\nthen resumes]\n\nEVANS: You have to introduce what it is we're talking about.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=27930.0,27960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/933","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ELLIS: We've just been discussing the matter of my delivering a eulogy at the\nrecent funeral of a cousin of mine, who was a prominent lawyer here in town,\nIrving Kaler. Prominent also, particularly, in Democratic politics.\n\nEVANS: National Committee Member.\n\nELLIS: Yes, served on a number of national committees. Dating back, I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=27960.0,27990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/934","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"active\nat the Democratic National Conventions myself in 1952, 1956, 1960 and 1964. I\nremember in 1964, I believe it was, in Atlantic City [New Jersey], when he\nserved on the credentials committee, and he let me know he was on it, out of\ncousinly pride, I went to observe him in action. The matter of delivering\neulogies . . . Let me backtrack a little on that and say that it kind of runs in\nthe family because my father ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=27990.0,28020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/935","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was an eloquent Mason, who, many years ago was\nasked to deliver the Masonic eulogy at the death of our neighbor, who lived\nacross the street from us. Back in about 1926. My dad was a young man, and I was\njust a kid of about, let's say, eight years old. But I remember that because my\ndad spent several hours the night before the funeral memorizing that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=28020.0,28050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/936","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"eulogy,\nwhich is prepared. My brother, older brother, served as his prompter so he could\nmemorize that. My father did the eulogy so well, so impressively, that a\nsuccession of people after that requested that he deliver the eulogy when their\nloved ones died. Before Daddy himself died, it's estimated that he ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=28050.0,28080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/937","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"delivered\neulogies at several hundred funerals, traveling all over the State of Alabama,\nfor that purpose. Several years ago, when a good friend of mine, a professional\ncolleague, broadcaster, and advertising man here in town died, his family asked\nif I would deliver a eulogy. Rather than have a minister, they just wanted ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=28080.0,28110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/938","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me to\nspeak. I'd never done anything like this before and it was tough, because you\nreally have to search inside yourself deeply as to what this person represents\nto you and what you think this person represents to others. Even delivering it\nis difficult, because your personal feelings are so involved as you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=28110.0,28140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/939","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"try to say\nthese words. I had the thing to recur when Irving Kaler died, his son, his\noldest son, called me and said . . . He knew his daddy was dying and he called\nme before his daddy died, and he said, \"My daddy's not expected to live, and we\nwant you to deliver the eulogy.\" Of course, they had a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=28140.0,28170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/940","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rabbi, and he did deliver\nsome remarks as well as reading from scripture. But I did a longer eulogy of\nabout, I guess, 12 minutes or so. To flesh out the details about Irving. I\ncalled a number of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=28170.0,28200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/941","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"individuals and talked with them about him, and I also got\nfrom his brother-in-law, Jerry Cooper, some specifics on some of the honors and\nachievements that Irving had recorded through the years. I was able to allude to\nsome of those in my remarks. Mainly, it was just talking about Irving as the\nperson that I knew and loved and respected, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=28200.0,28230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/942","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I told some amusing things about\nhim. His wife, Sylvia, wrote me a letter yesterday, a real sweet letter, in\nwhich she said, it's the first funeral that she had ever attended that people\nlaughed, and she said she knew that's what Irving would have wanted. She said if\nIrving had orchestrated the funeral, it would have been exactly the way he\nwanted it. I must ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=28230.0,28260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/943","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"say, it's the first funeral I've been to where people laughed.\nSeveral times heavily, but through tears. Sylvia said she and her children\nlaughed, and I think she . . . As a matter of fact, she thanked me for that;\nthat they'd been able to do that. But I thought that was very important; that\nlaughter be included as part of a final tribute to Irving.\n\nEVANS: Because he had so much ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=28260.0,28290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/944","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"humor.\n\nELLIS: Yes. Because he himself was such a . . . Could be such a joyous, mirthful person.\n\nEVANS: I was so moved recently when Stuart Eizenstat came down to deliver the\neulogy at his father's funeral. I don't think I could do that.\n\nELLIS: I hope that you do not have to, for many years to come. But I suspect you\ncould, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=28290.0,28320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/945","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bob, and I must say that I didn't have, the opportunity, but I think I\nwouldn't have objected to have done so. Because I had occasion later, when they\ndedicated a portrait of my father at the Masonic lodge in his hometown, my old\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=28320.0,28350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/946","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hometown, West Blocton, Alabama . . . We were invited back, and then I had\noccasion to speak about him and it was difficult, but I was glad I could. I just\nwish we had more occasions to do these things while people are alive. I just\nthink we miss so many opportunities. I would encourage you . . . You mentioned\nabout your father, I would encourage you, just as I would encourage your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=28350.0,28380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/947","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"son in\nhis relationship with you . . . Don't lose the opportunities to tell your Daddy\nhow much you love him and how much you appreciate him, how proud of him you are.\nBecause the day will come when you won't be able to do it anymore, and even if\nit's difficult to do . . . I don't know, but in some cases I know it is with\npeople . . . find a way to do it. It's awfully important. Something ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=28380.0,28410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/948","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I think\nis very important, but we really don't come to understand it or appreciate it\nuntil our parents are gone and we ourselves get up into the endangered years,\nand that is that our parents had all the way through their lives felt the same\nyouthfulness that you and I talked about earlier, the same inadequacies, the\nsame needs and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=28410.0,28440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/949","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wants, that we have. And yet it's almost impossible for a child\nto relate to a parent to the extent that you can understand that your parent is\n. . . you are a carbon copy of your parents, a living carbon copy. And that\neverything that at your age you feel now, they felt at that age, and that nobody\never really feels 100 percent ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=28440.0,28470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/950","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"old. Now, some people do physically feel old I'm\nsure, when they get so infirm, some of them even say they're ready to die. But\nit's not because they feel old emotionally. It's because they feel it\nphysically. If their minds are still active, alert, then they still have some of\nthe same emotions . . . Certainly the same emotional needs that they had as\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=28470.0,28500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/951","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children. The need to be loved, to be appreciated, to feel important, to be\nwanted. You never lose your need for that, and yet think how much we take all\nthat for granted with older people. We think, \"Oh, they know we love them. They\nknow we think they're important.\" But how in the world are they going to know we\nthink they're important if they've been relegated to a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=28500.0,28530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/952","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"position of seniority,\nwhich means put into a corner and almost forgotten? Except on Mother's Day and\nFather's Day. That's what many children do. In other words, they no longer need\nor respect their parents' opinions, and they really can't relate to their\nparents' feelings, because they think their parents have senior feelings and\nthey have junior ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=28530.0,28560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/953","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"feelings, and that's not true. The wants and needs are the\nsame, regardless of your age. I think that's such a critically important message\nif we could just get it across to people. I think it would result in\nrevolutionizing the way we relate to senior citizens in this country.\nApparently, the Chinese, historically, come much closer to that. They seem to\nknow that. I don't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=28560.0,28590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/transcript/63324/annotation/954","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know whether they're still now that they're becoming more\nWesternized. Here we treat people the way we treat buildings, or the way you\ntreat automobiles. You use them up and throw them away. Relegate them to the\njunk yard when they're old, and don't realize that these people aren't ready to\nbe thrown into the junk yard.\n\nEVANS: Sounds like a good radio piece.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=28590.0,28620.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/955","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRobert “Bob” Evans (1930-2017) was born in Durham, North Carolina. He was a CBS News correspondent and later a professional speaker. He was married to Gail Evans, a CNN executive and author from 1966-2000. They had three children, Jason, Jeffrey, and Julie.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/956","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBirmingham is located in the north central part of the southern state of Alabama. It is the county seat of Jefferson county and the most populous city in the state. During the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s, the city received national and international attention. In 1963, local civil right activist Fred Shuttlesworth asked Martin Luther King Jr. and the Southern Christian Conference to come to the city to help end segregation. Their effort was known as Project C (Confrontation) and specifically attacked the Jim Crow systems that existed in the city. The sit-ins and mass marches were organized and lead to 3,000 arrests, but eventually lead to desegregation in the city and helped with the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Dr. King was among those arrested and jailed. During his time in jail, he wrote his famous Letter from Birmingham Jail. Birmingham was also the site of the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing in 1963, which killed four young black girls.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/957","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eArmistice Day, also known as Remembrance Day and Veterans Day, is the day commemorating the armistice signed by the Allies and Germany, marking the end of World War I on November 11, 1918. The armistice signed on November 11 initially expired after 36 days and was extended several times until the Treaty of Versailles was signed June 28, 1919.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/958","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War I, also called First World War or Great War, was an international conflict that in 1914–18 embroiled most of the nations of Europe along with Russia, the United States, the Middle East, and other regions. The war pitted the Central Powers—mainly Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey—against the Allies—mainly France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, Japan, and, from 1917, the United States. It ended with the defeat of the Central Powers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/959","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLibby Jeanne Israel Caplan (1911-2003) was the only daughter of Samuel Israel and Bertha Seletz Israel. She graduated from West Blocton High School and Alabama Polytechnic Institute (now Auburn University) where she studied to be a teacher. She served as the president of the Women's Student Government, a charter member of the Cardinal Key, a member of the Kappa Delta Pi, and an officer of Chi Delta Phi, Theta Alpha Phi, and other honorary organizations. She also served as chapter chairperson of the Home Service Committee of the North Bibb County Chapter of the American Red Cross. In 1943, she married Dr. Bernard Caplan, and together they had two children and three grandchildren. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/960","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFrank Israel, also known by his radio name: Don Frank, (1912-1962) was the eldest son of Samuel Israel and Bertha Seletz Israel. He served in the United States Army during World War II and attended the University of Alabama. He worked as a radio announcer for WCAU and WPEN for 15 years. He was married to Rosetta Sanders. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/961","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBernard Caplan (1908-2000) was the son of Julius Caplan and Elizabeth Wolfson. He served in the United States Army during World War II, earning the rank of lieutenant. He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania premedical and medical schools. He interned at the Philadelphia General Hospital where he was later assistant chief resident for a year, and he was a surgeon on the board of physicians and surgeons of the Good Samaritan Hospital. In 1943, he married Libby Jeanne Israel, and together they had two children and three grandchildren. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/962","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eElkins Park is an unincorporated community in Montgomery County and a northern suburb of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The community has historically been home to many of Philadelphia’s early 20th century business elite, including John B. Stetson, Jay Cooke, and William Lukens Elkins. The area still has many gilded-age mansions that have been repurposed as various hotels and municipal buildings. The community has six synagogues, and it is home to approximately 25,000 Jews in the Cheltenham-Jenkintown-Abington region. Numerous festivals are hosted in the area including the Romanian food festival, the Serbian food festival, and various Jewish festivals such as a multi-congregation Purim celebration.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/963","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePhiladelphia is Pennsylvania's largest city. It has a deep connection to the founding of the United States because it is home to Independence Hall, where the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution were signed. It is also home to the Liberty Bell and other American Revolutionary sites. The city was founded in 1682 by William Penn.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/964","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWest Blocton is a town in Bibb County, Alabama. In the 2020 census, the population was 1,217. Historically much of the population were immigrants from Europe, the largest group being Italian. Many residents moved to the area for its mining industry.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/965","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMel Allen (born Melvin Allen Israel) (1913-1996) was a sportscaster best known for his long tenure as the primary play-by-play announcer for the New York Yankees, being remembered as \"The Voice of the Yankees.\" He was born in Birmingham, Alabama, and attended the University of Alabama, where he served as the public address announcer for Alabama Crimson Tide football games. Shortly after graduating, he was hired as a staff announcer at the CBS Radio Network. He first became a national celebrity when he ad-libbed for a half-hour during the rain-delayed Vanderbilt Cup from an airplane. In 1937, when he joined the network, CBS suggested that he anglicize his name. He chose Allen, his father's middle name as well as his own, and legally changed his name to Melvin Allen in 1943.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/966","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCBS (Columbia Broadcasting Company) was founded in 1927 as a radio network. It eventually became one of the big three American broadcast television networks. Today, it still has a radio network along with the television network. It is a division of Paramount Global.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/967","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWSB is a commercial AM radio station in Atlanta, Georgia. It airs a news/talk radio format, simulcast on co-owned 95.5 WSBB-FM. WSB is the flagship station for Cox Media Group; in addition to WSB and WSBB-FM, it owns three other Atlanta radio stations and Atlanta's ABC Television Network affiliate, Channel 2 WSB-TV. WSB was one of the first radio stations in the South. It first aired on March 15, 1922.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/968","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEddie Cantor (1892-1964) was an American vaudevillian, comedian, dancer, singer, actor and songwriter. He was very famous during the 1930s and 1940s. He was Jewish, being born as Edward Israel Iskowitz in New York City.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/969","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJack Benny (b. Benjamin Kubelsky; 1894-1974) was an American comedian, radio, television, and film actor, and violinist. Recognized as a leading American entertainer of the twentieth century, Benny portrayed his character as a miser, playing his violin badly. His radio and television programs, popular from the 1930s to the 1970s, were a major influence on the sitcom genre.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/970","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorge Burns (born Nathan Birnbaum) (1896-1996) was a comedian, actor, writer, and singer, his career successfully spanned vaudeville, radio, film, and television. He and his wife Gracie Allen appeared on radio, television, and film as the comedy duo Burns and Allen. He was the ninth of 12 children born to Jewish immigrant parents who had come from Ropczyce, Galicia, now Poland. In the 1930’s, Burns and Allen adopted two children, Sandra and Ronald. Burns received numerous awards during his career, including an Emmy, a Grammy, and an Oscar.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/971","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKobryn or Kobrin is a town in modern-day Belarus. It is located on the Mukhavets River and Dnieper–Bug Canal in the southwestern corner of Belarus. During World War I Kobryn was occupied by Germany, coming under Polish control in 1919. From 1941 to 1944, Kobryn was occupied by Nazi Germany. During this period, the majority of Jewish residents were forced into a ghetto and later murdered in concentration camps. In 1942, two Polish priests, The Reverend Wladyslaw [Polish: Władysław] Grobelny and Jan Wolski from Kobryn were executed for helping Jewish residents of the area. In 1944, the town was liberated by the Russian army. Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Kobryn has been part of the independent Republic of Belarus.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/972","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWolf Israel (1856-1930) was born in what is modern-day Belarus, he married Ethel Streicher in 1876 and they had seven children, Rosa, Ida, Samuel, Julius, Esther, Sarah, and Oscar. They were early settlers of West Blocton, Alabama where Israel started a merchandise store.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/973","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSt. Petersburg is a city in Florida, in Pinellas County. It is the fifth most populous city in the state, often referred to by locals as St. Pete. The city has several museums including the Museum of Fine Arts, the Salvador Dalí Museum, and The Florida Holocaust Museum. It is located on the Gulf of Mexico, its warm and sunny climate making it a popular area for both younger people and retirees. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/974","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWCAU is a news station in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, serving as the market's NBC outlet.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/975","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWPEN is an FM radio station licensed to serve Burlington, New Jersey, in the Philadelphia radio market.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/976","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMultiple sclerosis is a chronic disease in which the immune system eats away at the protective covering of nerves, a condition in which the body attacks itself by mistake. Multiple sclerosis is unpredictable and affects people very differently. Some people affected by the disease may have very mild symptoms or severe symptoms that require physical therapy and medication. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/977","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMontgomery is the capital city of the state of Alabama. The city was founded in 1819 and was named for Continental Army General Richard Montgomery. During the Civil War, the city was the first capital of the Confederate States of America until the capital was moved to Richmond, Virginia. During the Civil War Movement, the city was center of various events including the Montgomery bus boycott and the Selma to Montgomery marches.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/978","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eBlocton Enterprise\u003c/em\u003e was a weekly newspaper in West Blocton, Alabama. It was published from 1906 to 1944, when the final edition was published. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/979","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Company was a major American steel manufacturer, coal and iron ore miner, and railroad operator. The company was founded in 1852 in Tennessee, and it relocated to Alabama in the late nineteenth century, following protests over its use of free convict labor. In 1907, the company merged with its rival, the United States Steel Corporation. The Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Company’s independence as a separate legal entity from its parent corporation, United States Steel Corporation, ended in 1952. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/980","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eUnited States Steel Corporation, commonly known as U.S. Steel, is an American steel producer headquartered in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, with production operations primarily in the United States of America and Central Europe. The company produces and sells steel products for industries including automotive, construction, consumer, and energy. The company was founded in 1901 and in 2022, the company was the world's 24th-largest steel producer and the second largest in the United States. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/981","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Great Depression is the term used for a severe economic recession that began in the United States in 1929. It had far-reaching effects around the globe, especially in Europe. Germany had weathered a period of intense inflation in the 1920s due to reparations required after World War I. To pay the reparations, Germany had borrowed millions of dollars from the United States. American demands for loan repayment had disastrous repercussion on the already fragile German economy. With banks failing and unemployment rising, an angry, frightened and financially struggling populace became more open to fascism. Germany’s deteriorating economic conditions in the 1930s led in part to the rise of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/982","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Free and Accepted Order of Masons (\"Freemasons\" or \"masons\") is the oldest and largest fraternal society in the world. The basic unit of Freemasonry is the \"lodge.\" Most masonic lodges allow only men above age 18 who also believe in a deity to join, but others also allow women and those who do not believe in a Supreme Being.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/983","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSamuel Israel (1885-1967) was born in Russia to Wolf and Ethel Israel, his parents were early settlers of West Blocton, Alabama. In 1910, he married Bertha Seletz, and together they had three children, Libby Jeanne, Frank, and Elmo. Israel inherited his father’s merchandise store and was an active member of the West Blocton community, including serving as chief of the city’s volunteer fire department and masonic leader. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/984","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks (BPOE; also often known as the \"Elks Lodge\" or simply \"The Elks\") is an American fraternal order founded in 1868, originally as a social club in New York City.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/985","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eErythema multiforme is a skin disorder that's considered to be an allergic reaction to medicine or an infection. Symptoms include skin or mouth lesions that are sometimes painful or itchy. The condition usually resolves on its own, but in modern medicine, steroids can help relieve symptoms. Antivirals are also occasionally used when the disorder is triggered by a viral infection.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/986","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Wall Street Crash of 1929, also known as the Great Crash or Black Tuesday was a major American stock market crash that occurred in the autumn of 1929. The Great Crash is associated with October 24, 1929, called Black Thursday, the day of the largest sell-off of shares in U.S. history, and October 29, 1929, called Black Tuesday, when investors traded some 16 million shares on the New York Stock Exchange in a single day. The crash signaled the beginning of the Great Depression.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/987","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLiberty\u003c/em\u003e was a weekly general-interest magazine founded in 1924. The publication featured a variety of topics including politics and pop culture from the 1920’s to postwar America. The magazine ceased publication in 1950, with a brief revival in 1971. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/988","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePhysical Culture \u003c/em\u003ewas a magazine founded in 1899 by Bernarr Macfadden that focused on bodybuilding, health, and fitness. Readers wrote letters with personal stories to \u003cem\u003ePhysical Culture\u003c/em\u003e magazine which launched a new magazine in 1919, \u003cem\u003eTrue Story\u003c/em\u003e, and later \u003cem\u003eTrue Detective\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eTrue Story\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eTrue Romances\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/989","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTrue Story\u003c/em\u003e is a magazine founded in 1919 from reader stories submitted to \u003cem\u003ePhysical Culture\u003c/em\u003e magazine. \u003cem\u003eTrue Story\u003c/em\u003e was one of the first publications in the confessions magazines genre. It is still published today on a monthly basis.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/990","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNew Orleans, Louisiana sits on the Mississippi River near the Gulf of Mexico. The city is nicknamed the \"Big Easy\" and is known for its live-music scene and cuisine that reflects the French, African and American cultures that influenced the city.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/991","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKashrut is a set of dietary laws dealing with the foods that Jews are permitted to eat and how those foods must be prepared according to Jewish law. Food that may be consumed is deemed kosher, from the Ashkenazi pronunciation of the Hebrew term kashér, meaning \"fit\" (in this context, \"fit for consumption\"). In colloquial English, kosher often means \"legitimate,\" \"acceptable,\" \"permissible,\" \"genuine,\" or \"authentic.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/992","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe High Holy Days are the two holiest times of the Jewish calendar: \u003cem\u003eRosh HaShanah\u003c/em\u003e (Jewish New Year) and \u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e (Day of Atonement).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/993","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003eminyan\u003c/em\u003e refers to the quorum of 10 Jewish adults required for certain religious obligation. While traditionally only males counted toward the quorum, in many non-Orthodox streams of Judaism adult females count in the \u003cem\u003eminyan\u003c/em\u003e. A \u003cem\u003eminyan\u003c/em\u003e is needed in Jewish communal prayer for certain components of the regular daily or Shabbat services, reading from the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003ehaftarah\u003c/em\u003e portions in synagogue, and saying \u003cem\u003eKaddish\u003c/em\u003e, among other things.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/994","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Alabama is a public research university in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. It was established in 1820 and opened to students in 1831, making it the oldest and largest public university in Alabama. The university has 13 academic schools and offers programs unavailable anywhere else in the state, including doctoral programs in anthropology, communication, and social work.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/995","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: son of commandments; plural: \u003cem\u003eb’nai mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e] is a rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day. At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes. He is now duty-bound to keep the commandments, he puts on \u003cem\u003etefillin\u003c/em\u003e, and may be counted to the \u003cem\u003eminyan quorum\u003c/em\u003e for public worship. He celebrates the \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e by being called up to the reading of the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/996","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eB'nai B'rith International (Hebrew: “Children of the Covenant”) is the oldest Jewish service organization in the world. B'nai B'rith states that it is committed to the security and continuity of the Jewish people and the State of Israel and combating antisemitism and bigotry. Its mission is to unite persons of the Jewish faith and to enhance Jewish identity through strengthening Jewish family life, to provide broad-based services for the benefit of senior citizens, and to facilitate advocacy and action on behalf of Jews throughout the world.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/997","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the written \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e and the oral law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays, and more.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/998","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEach year, mourners light a special \u003cem\u003eyahrzeit\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: anniversary] candle and recite the \u003cem\u003eKaddish\u003c/em\u003e to observe the anniversary of the death of a relative. Memorial services for the dead are also held during the High Holy Days and the Festivals.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/999","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHillel: The Foundation for Jewish Campus Life, also known as Hillel International, is the largest Jewish college campus organization in the world, working with college students globally. Hillel is represented at more than 850 colleges and communities. The foundation was founded in 1923 by Benjamin Frankel and today the organization aims to serve and support all kinds of Jewish students in expressing their Judaism. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1000","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHanukkah\u003c/em\u003e or \u003cem\u003eChanukah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: dedication] is an eight-day festival of lights usually falling around Christmas on the Christian calendar. \u003cem\u003eHanukkah\u003c/em\u003e celebrates the victory of the Maccabees in 165 BCE over the Seleucid rulers of Palestine, who had desecrated the Temple. The Maccabees wanted to re-dedicate the Temple altar to Jewish worship by rekindling the \u003cem\u003emenorah\u003c/em\u003e (ritual candelabra) but could only find one small jar of ritually pure olive oil. This oil continued to burn miraculously for eight days, enabling them to prepare new oil. The \u003cem\u003eHanukkah menorah\u003c/em\u003e, or \u003cem\u003ehanukiah\u003c/em\u003e, with its nine branches, is used to commemorate this miracle by lighting eight candles, one for each day, with the ninth candle.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1001","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePesach\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: Passover] is the celebration of Israel’s liberation from Egyptian bondage. The holiday lasts for eight days. Unleavened bread, matzo, is eaten in memory of the unleavened bread prepared by the Israelites during their hasty flight from Egypt, when they had not time to wait for the dough to rise. On the first two nights of Passover, the seder, the central event of the holiday, is celebrated.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1002","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSeder\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: order] is a Jewish ritual feast that marks the beginning of the Jewish holiday of Passover. It is conducted on the evening of the fifteenth day of Nisan in the Hebrew calendar throughout the world. Some communities hold \u003cem\u003eseder\u003c/em\u003e on both the first two nights of Passover. The seder incorporates prayers, candle lighting, and traditional foods symbolizing the slavery of the Jews and the exodus from Egypt. It is one of the most colorful and joyous occasions in Jewish life.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1003","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLokshen\u003c/em\u003e, also referred to as \u003cem\u003elokshyn\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eitriyot\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003elocshen\u003c/em\u003e, or \u003cem\u003elockshen\u003c/em\u003e, is the general name of a range of Ashkenazi Jewish egg noodles that are used in a variety of Jewish dishes including chicken soup, kugel, \u003cem\u003ekasha varnishkes\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003elokshen mit kaese\u003c/em\u003e, and as a side dish. In the United States, \u003cem\u003elokshen\u003c/em\u003e are often used as the basis for various casseroles and baked dishes including tuna noodle casserole, kugel, and soup. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1004","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eKichel\u003c/em\u003e is a popular sweet cracker or cookie in Jewish cuisine commonly made with egg and sugar rolled out flat and cut into large bowtie shapes.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1005","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurim\u003c/em\u003e is a Jewish holiday that commemorates the deliverance of the Jewish people in the ancient Persian Empire from destruction in the wake of a plot by Haman, a story recorded in the Biblical Book of Esther. According to the Book of Esther, Haman planned to kill all the Jews, but Mordecai and his adopted daughter Queen Esther foiled his plans. The day of deliverance became a day of feasting and rejoicing. Some of the customs of \u003cem\u003ePurim\u003c/em\u003e include drinking wine, wearing masks and costumes, and public celebration.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1006","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHamantasch\u003c/em\u003e (plural: \u003cem\u003ehamantaschen\u003c/em\u003e) is a Yiddish word for a filled triangular cookie or pastry, usually associated with the Jewish holiday of Purim and Haman, the villain in the Purim story. The shape is achieved by folding in the sides of a circular piece of dough, with a filling placed in the center.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1007","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePirozhki\u003c/em\u003e, also referred to as \u003cem\u003epiroshki\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003ebierock\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003epirok\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003epiroski\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003espekrausi\u003c/em\u003e [Latvian: \u003cem\u003espeķrauši\u003c/em\u003e], or \u003cem\u003epirashki\u003c/em\u003e, are an Eastern European baked or fried yeast-leavened boat-shaped buns with a variety of fillings. \u003cem\u003ePirozhki\u003c/em\u003e are often associated with Russian cuisine and have numerous regional variations. They come in sweet or savory varieties and common savory fillings include ground meat, mashed potato, mushrooms, boiled egg with scallions, or cabbage. Typical sweet fillings are fruit or jam. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1008","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRosh HaShanah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: head of the year] begins the cycle of High Holy Days. It introduces the Ten Days of Penitence, when Jews examine their souls and take stock of their actions. On the tenth day is \u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e, the Day of Atonement. The tradition is that on \u003cem\u003eRosh HaShanah\u003c/em\u003e, G-d sits in judgment on humanity. Then the fate of every living creature is inscribed in the Book of Life or the Book of Death. Prayer and repentance before the sealing of the books on \u003cem\u003eYom Kippur \u003c/em\u003emay revoke these decisions.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1009","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eYom Kippur \u003c/em\u003e[Hebrew: “day of atonement”] The most sacred day of the Jewish year. \u003cem\u003eYom Kippur \u003c/em\u003eis a 25-hour fast day. Most of the day is spent in prayer, reciting \u003cem\u003eyizkor\u003c/em\u003e for deceased relatives, confessing sins, requesting divine forgiveness, and listening to \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e readings and sermons. People greet each other with the wish that they may be sealed in the heavenly book for a good year ahead. The day ends with the blowing of the \u003cem\u003eshofar\u003c/em\u003e (a ram’s horn).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1010","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: teaching] is a general term that covers all Jewish law including the vast mass of teachings recorded in the \u003cem\u003eTalmud\u003c/em\u003e and other rabbinical works. “\u003cem\u003eSefer Torah\u003c/em\u003e” refers to the sacred scroll on which the first five books of the Bible (the Pentateuch) are written, but it is often shortened simply to \"\u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e\" in casual speech and writing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1011","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eReform Judaism is a division within Judaism, especially in North America and the United Kingdom. Historically it began in the 19th century. In general, the Reform movement maintains that Judaism and Jewish traditions should be modernized and compatible with participation in Western culture. While the Torah remains the law, in Reform Judaism women are included (mixed seating, bat mitzvah, and women rabbis), instrumental music is allowed in the services, and most of the service is in the local language as opposed to Hebrew.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1012","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTuscaloosa is a city in Tuscaloosa County in Alabama. It is located on the Black Warrior River in west-central Alabama. It served as Alabama's capital city from 1826 to 1846, when it was moved to its present location in Montgomery. Tuscaloosa is the regional center of industry, commerce, healthcare, and education for the area, home to the University of Alabama, Stillman College, and Shelton State Community College. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1013","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Temple, or “Hebrew Benevolent Congregation,” is Atlanta’s oldest Jewish congregation. The cornerstone was laid on the Temple on Garnett Street in 1875. The dedication was held in 1877 and the Temple was located there until 1902. The Temple’s next location on Pryor Street was dedicated in 1902. The Temple’s current location in Midtown on Peachtree Street was dedicated in 1931. The main sanctuary is on the National Register of Historic Places. The Reform congregation now totals approximately 1500 families. As of 2022, its Senior Rabbi is Peter S. Berg.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1014","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAuburn University, also known as AU or Auburn, is a public land-grant research university in Auburn, Alabama. It is the second-largest university in Alabama and one of two flagship public universities in the state. The university was charted in 1856 as East Alabama Male College, affiliated with the Methodist Episcopal Church. In 1892, it became the first four-year coeducational school in Alabama and in 1960, its name was changed to Auburn University.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1015","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlfred Emanuel Smith (1873-1944) was an American politician, he served four terms as the governor of New York and was the Democratic Party's presidential nominee in 1928. He was raised on the Lower East Side of Manhattan. He served in various positions in government, and he was the first Roman Catholic to be nominated for president of the United States by a major party. His 1928 presidential candidacy mobilized both Catholic and anti-Catholic voters. Many Protestants feared his candidacy, believing that the Pope in Rome would dictate his political policies. He lost the 1928 election to Herbert Hoover, seeking the Democratic nomination again in 1932. Smith lost to Franklin D. Roosevelt and became involved in the construction and promotion of the Empire State Building.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1016","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHerbert Clark Hoover (1874-1964) was the 31st President of the United States during the onset of the Great Depression. Born in Iowa, he made his wealth as a mining engineer. During World War I, he was appointed as director of the U.S. Food Administration following his efforts to provide relief and food to occupied Belgium. During his first year in office in 1929, the stock market crashed, and the Great Depression began. He enacted various economic policies to combat the Depression and largely blamed Mexican Americans for the state of the economy in a campaign known as the ‘Mexican Repatriation’. In 1932, he substantially lost the presidential election to Franklin D. Roosevelt. Following this loss, he went on to chair the Hoover Commission and write extensively.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1017","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePope Pius XI (Italian: Pio XI) (born Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti) (1857-1939) was the Bishop of Rome and supreme pontiff of the Catholic Church from 1922 to 1939. He also became the first sovereign of Vatican City upon its creation as an independent state in 1929. To establish and maintain this position of the Catholic Church, Pius XI made a record number of concordats, including the Reichskonkordat with Nazi Germany which was later violated. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1018","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMobile Bay is a shallow inlet of the Gulf of Mexico in the state of Alabama. It is formed by the Fort Morgan Peninsula on the eastern side and Dauphin Island on the western side. The Mobile River and Tensaw River empty into the northern end of the bay, in addition to several smaller rivers that also empty into the bay. In the summer, fish and crustaceans often swarm the shallow coastline and shore of the bay, making it a popular spot for fresh, easily caught seafood.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1019","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA gunny sack is another name for a burlap sack. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1020","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Birmingham News\u003c/em\u003e was a daily newspaper in Birmingham, Alabama. It was the city’s principal newspaper in the late 20th century and early 21st century. In 2012, the paper moved from daily publication to being published three times a week until the final edition was published in 2023.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1021","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Birmingham Post-Herald \u003c/em\u003ewas a daily newspaper in Birmingham, Alabama. The origins of the paper date back to 1850 and in 1888, the publication merged with a rival newspaper, \u003cem\u003ethe Daily Herald\u003c/em\u003e to form \u003cem\u003ethe Birmingham Age-Herald\u003c/em\u003e. The final edition of the paper was published in 2005. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1022","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSee annotation for\u003cem\u003e the Birmingham Age-Herald.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1023","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAdolf Hitler (1889-1945) was a German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and \u003cem\u003eFührer\u003c/em\u003e (“leader”) of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator of Nazi Germany, he initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939 and was a central figure of the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdolf Hitler applied for entrance into the Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna, Austria twice and was twice rejected, once in 1907 and again in 1908. For the next five years, Hitler struggled to earn money by selling small paintings, mostly images of buildings and other landmarks in Vienna that he copied from postcards. By 1914, Hitler was serving in World War I and would later enter politics. In his autobiographical manifesto, \u003cem\u003eMein Kampf\u003c/em\u003e, Hitler claimed that his antisemitic views formed during his time as a struggling artist in Vienna. His frustrated art career became part of the myth making—by Hitler himself and by his followers—that helped drive his fateful rise to power in Germany.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHitler was drafted for Austrian military service at the beginning of World War I but turned down due to lack of fitness. After moving to Germany, he enlisted as a German soldier in the summer of 1914 and was deployed to Belgium in October. Over the next two years, Hitler served first as an infantryman and then as a private. He won two decorations for bravery, including the Iron Cross First Class and was wounded twice. He was recovering from his second injury when the war ended.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1024","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Iron Guard was a fascist, right wing, ultra-nationalist, highly antisemitic Romanian political party from 1927 into the early part of World War II. Its members wore green uniforms and so were called the “Green Shirts.” It was outlawed in 1937 and its leader, Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, was imprisoned until 1938 when he was murdered. In September 1940, the Iron Cross used popular outrage at Romania being forced to give up a large block of land to Hungary, the Soviet Union and Bulgaria and, together with General Ion Antonescu (1882-1946), they forced King Carol II to abdicate in favor of his son, Michael. Now back in favor, the Iron Guard ratcheted up the antisemitism and helped to move Romania into Germany’s orbit (Romania would become a formal ally of Germany in June 1941). Ion Antonescu’s regime promulgated a number of restrictive measures against the Jews of Romania. The Iron Guard arbitrarily robbed or seized Jewish-owned businesses. They also assaulted, and sometimes killed, Jewish citizens in the streets. The Iron Guard’s corruption and confiscations actually threatened to disrupt the Romanian economy and led to tension with Antonescu. In January 1941, tensions escalated to the point of rebellion, and they overstepped their boundaries. A pogrom broke out in Bucharest, killing 125 Jews pogrom. When the Iron Guard tried to overthrow Antonescu, the Iron Guard was banned. By that time, however, Romania was firmly allied with the Germans. There is still a small contemporary right-wing organization called the Iron Cross today.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1025","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA fascist is an individual who subscribes to the beliefs of Fascism, a far-right political ideology that emphasizes extreme nationalism and militarism, characterized by a dictatorial leader, suppression of opposition, belief in a natural social hierarchy, and the perceived superiority of a nation or race. Fascism views imperialism, political violence, and war as a means of national rejuvenation. The political ideology's extreme nationalism and belief in superiority have led fascist regimes to commit genocide, massacres, forced sterilizations, and forced deportation. Fascism rose to prominence in Europe during the early 20th century, particularly in Italy and Germany, leading, in part, to World War II and the Holocaust. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1026","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eB’nai B’rith Magazine\u003c/em\u003e is a publication by B’nai B’rith International that has been published regularly since 1886. The magazine features information and analysis on topics of interest and concern to the international Jewish community as well as current and future B’nai B’rith International endeavors. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=4830.0,4860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1027","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Boy Scouts of America (BSA, colloquially the Boy Scouts) is the largest scouting organization and one of the largest youth organizations in the United States, with about 2.3 million youth participants and about one million adult volunteers. The BSA was founded in 1910, and since then, about 110 million Americans participated in BSA programs at some time in their lives. BSA is part of the international Scout Movement and became a founding member organization of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1922.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1028","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Youth Administration (NYA) was a New Deal agency sponsored by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The agency operated from 1935 to 1942 and provided work and education for Americans between the ages of 16 and 25. Unlike the Civilian Conservation Corps, the NYA included young women. The youth normally lived at home and worked on construction or repair projects. College youth were paid from $30 to $40 a month for work-study projects at their schools, and youth from relief families were paid $10 to $25 a month for part-time work. The NYA was headed by Aubrey Willis Williams, a prominent liberal from Alabama.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1029","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRandolph L. Fort (1909-1962) was a professor at the University of Alabama and director of publications at Emory University. He was editor of Emory’s alumni magazine, the Puerto Rico World Journal, and assistant to the public relations director for Tennessee Coal and Iron Co. During World War II he served as an American Red Cross field service worker.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=5250.0,5280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1030","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Ku Klux Klan (or Knights of the Ku Klux Klan today, also referred to as the KKK) is a white supremacist, white nationalist, anti-immigration, anti-Jewish, anti-Catholic, anti-Black secret society, whose methods have included terrorism and murder. It was founded in the South in the 1860s and then died out and has come back several times, most notably in the 1920s when membership soared again, and then again in the 1960s during the civil rights era. When the Klan was re-founded in 1915 in Georgia, the event was marked by a cross burning on Stone Mountain. In the past its members dressed up in white robes and pointed hoods designed to hide their identity and to terrify. It is still in existence.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=5340.0,5370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1031","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRonald Wilson Reagan (1911-2004) was the 40th President of the United States. He served from 1981 to 1989 and he was a Republican. Reagan began his career in the entertainment industry, from 1947 to 1952, and from 1959 to 1960, Reagan served as the president of the Screen Actors Guild. During the 1950’s, he worked in television and spoke for General Electric. He was elected governor of California in 1966 and in 1980, Reagan won the Republican nomination and then a landslide victory over incumbent Democratic president Jimmy Carter in the presidential election. Reagan implemented \"Reaganomics\", which involved economic deregulation and cuts in both taxes and government spending during a period of stagflation. Additionally, he expanded the war on drugs, signing the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 and 1988 to specify penalties for drug offenses. Both bills have been criticized in the years since for promoting racial disparities. Reagan has also been criticized for his slow and minimal response to the AIDS epidemic in the United States, which began early in his presidency. Reagan and Soviet Union leader Mikhail Gorbachev held four summit conferences between 1985 and 1988 and Reagan is credited with ushering in a new era of trade and openness between the two powers. On March 30, 1981, Reagan was shot by John Hinckley Jr. outside the Washington Hilton and recovered after undergoing surgery.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=5850.0,5880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1032","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWest Germany or the Federal Republic of Germany was the western portion of Germany and the associated territory of West Berlin during the Cold War. At the onset of the Cold War in 1949, Europe was divided between the Western and Eastern blocs, and West Germany was formed as a political entity during the Allied occupation of Germany after World War II. It was established from 12 states formed in the three Allied zones of occupation held by the United States, the United Kingdom, and France. Following the collapse of the Eastern Bloc and the opening of the Berlin Wall in 1989, both states took action to achieve German reunification. East Germany voted to dissolve and accede to the Federal Republic of Germany in 1990. The newly reunified country retained West Germany's political culture and continued its existing memberships in international organizations, as well as its Western foreign policy alignment and affiliation to Western alliances such as the United Nations, NATO, and the European Economic Community.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=5850.0,5880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1033","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Bitburg controversy was a backlash in response to a ceremonial visit by U.S. President Ronald Reagan to a German military cemetery in Bitburg, West Germany in May 1985. West German Chancellor Helmut Kohl invited Reagan to the cemetery during his visit to West Germany to commemorate the 40th anniversary of the end of World War II in Europe and as a reconciliatory gesture. This invitation and visit were criticized by Jewish communities in the United States and globally when it became known that 49 of the 2,000 German soldiers buried at the site had been members of the \u003cem\u003eWaffen-SS\u003c/em\u003e, the military arm of Nazi Germany's \u003cem\u003eSchutzstaffel\u003c/em\u003e (SS). The entire SS had been judged to be a criminal organization at the Nuremberg trials. The itinerary was amended, and Reagan and Kohl visited Bergen-Belsen concentration camp before visiting Bitburg, resulting in Reagan only spending eight minutes at the cemetery.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=5880.0,5910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1034","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHelmut Josef Michael Kohl (1930-2017) was a German politician who served as Chancellor of Germany from 1982 to 1998 and Leader of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) from 1973 to 1998. He earned a PhD in history at Heidelberg University and worked as a business executive before becoming a full-time politician. As Chancellor, Kohl was committed to European integration, to the Franco-German relationship, and allyship with the United States. He played instrumental roles in the reunification of Germany and resolving the Bosnian War. Kohl received the 1988 Charlemagne Prize and was named Honorary Citizen of Europe by the European Council in 1998. Following his death, Kohl was honored with the first-ever European act of state in Strasbourg.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=5880.0,5910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1035","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Holocaust was the systematic, government-sponsored attempt by the German Nazi government to annihilate the Jews of Europe between 1939 and 1945, which resulted in the deaths of 6,000,000 Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=5910.0,5940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1036","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe term “concentration camp” refers to a camp in which people are detained or confined, usually under harsh conditions and without regard to legal norms of arrest and imprisonment that are acceptable in a constitutional democracy. In Nazi Germany between 1933 and 1945, concentration camps (\u003cem\u003eKonzentrationslager\u003c/em\u003e; briefly “KL” or “KZ”) were an integral feature of the regime. The Nazis differentiated between concentration camps, which were used to contain slave laborers and prisoners of the Nazi state, and extermination camps, whose primary purpose was the systematic killing of prisoners. Shortly after coming to power in 1933, the Nazis began to set up a series of concentration camps across Germany. Those were mostly local initiatives: facilities that the SA, SS, and police established on an ad hoc basis, where they would detain and abuse real and imagined enemies of the regime. By 1934, there were over 100 of these early camps in operation. When the Nazi regime came to power, they systematically persecuted both Jewish and non-Jewish Germans perceived to be opponents of the regime. Political opponents (Communists, Social Democrats, liberals) were some of the first victims housed in “temporary” detention centers like Lichtenburg. Jews, homosexuals, Freemasons, Jehovah's Witnesses, clergy who opposed the Nazis, and any others whose behavior—real or perceived—could be interpreted as being in opposition to Nazi political and racial ideologies were also persecuted and incarcerated. The Nazi regime refused to tolerate criticism, dissent, or nonconformity from the German people. Non-Jewish German political activists were treated harshly but other political opponents remained potentially valuable members of the German race. The goal behind their internment in and subsequent release from concentration camps was often a kind of reeducation that would see them fall into line with the regime’s political and racial ideologies. Between 1933 and 1939, tens of thousands of Germans were sentenced by the criminal courts. If authorities were confident of a conviction in court, the prisoner was turned over to the justice system for trial. If the outcome of criminal proceedings were unsatisfactory, the acquitted citizen or the citizen who was sentenced to a suspended sentence would still be taken into “protective detention” and incarcerated in a concentration camp. The first concentration camps were established in 1933. Various authorities set up the makeshift “camps” in empty warehouses, factories, and other locations. Camps were established in Oranienburg, north of Berlin; Esterwegen, near Hamburg; Dachau, northwest of Munich; and Lichtenburg, in Saxony. By the end of July 1933, almost 27,000 people were housed in these camps. Most of the prisoners were political opponents of the Nazi regime. By the end of 1934, most of these early camps were disbanded and replaced by a centrally organized concentration camp system under the exclusive jurisdiction of the SS.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=5940.0,5970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1037","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMunich is the capital and most populous city of Bavaria, southern Germany. It was known as the “Capital” of the Nazi movement. The first Nazi Party rally took place in Munich in 1923. Munich is also where Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party led a failed coup d’etat in 1923 that became known as the Beer Hall Putsch. When Hitler and the Nazi Party later took power, Munich became a special place in the narrative of the Nazi movement and German state. The city was heavily bombed during World War II but has restored most of its old town. After the end of postwar American occupation in 1949, there was a great increase in population and economic power and the city hosted the Summer Olympics in 1972. Today, Munich is a global center of science, technology, finance, innovation, business, and tourism. It is home to Allianz Arena, two research universities, BMW and Siemens, and annually hosts Oktoberfest events.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=5970.0,6000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1038","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEstablished on March 22, 1933, Dachau was the first concentration camp established by the Nazi regime. It was located in southern Germany near the town of Dachau, about 10 miles northwest of Munich. Over 188,000 prisoners passed through Dachau between 1933 and 1945. Prisoners at Dachau were used as forced laborers and tens of thousands were literally worked to death. The Dachau concentration camp operated a vast network of 140 subcamps. Most of these subcamps were in southern Bavaria, in close proximity to armaments factories. American troops liberated the camp on April 29, 1945.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=5970.0,6000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1039","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBerlin is the capital and largest and most populous city in Germany and the European Union. Berlin was built along the banks of the Spree River and about one-third of the city's area is composed of forests, parks and gardens, rivers, canals, and lakes. After World War II at the onset of the Cold War, Berlin was occupied by the United States, the United Kingdom, and France. The city was split into West Berlin and East Berlin, divided by the Berlin Wall. East Berlin was declared the capital of East Germany, while Bonn became the West German capital. Following German reunification in 1990, Berlin once again became the capital of all of Germany. Today, Berlin is a hub for tourism and industries including the healthcare industry, biomedical engineering, biotechnology, the automotive industry, and electronics. Berlin is home to several universities such as the Humboldt University of Berlin, the Technical University of Berlin, and the Free University of Berlin. Berlin is also home to three World Heritage Sites, the Brandenburg Gate, the Reichstag building, the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, the Berlin Wall Memorial, and the Berlin Zoological Garden.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=6000.0,6030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1040","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP), commonly known as the “Nazi Party,” was a political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945. The party’s leader was Adolf Hitler. Initially, Nazi political strategy focused on anti-big business, anti-bourgeois, and anti-capitalist rhetoric. In the 1930s the party's focus shifted to antisemitic and anti-Marxist themes. Racism was also central to Nazism. The Nazis aimed to unite all Germans as national comrades, whilst excluding those deemed either to be community aliens or of a foreign race. The Nazis sought to improve the stock of the Germanic people through racial purity and eugenics, broad social welfare programs, and a disregard for the value of individual life, which could be sacrificed for the good of the Nazi state and the “Aryan master race.” The persecution reached its climax when the party-controlled German state organized the systematic murder of approximately 6,000,000 Jews and 5,000,000 people from the other targeted groups.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=6060.0,6090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1041","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBonn is located in western Germany and sits on the Rhine River. Bonn is the birthplace of composer Ludwig van Beethoven. It was the capital of West Germany from 1949-1990 and served as the seat of government of reunited Germany from 1990 to 1999.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=6120.0,6150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1042","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBitburg is a city in Germany, in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate. Bitburg has had numerous historical affiliations throughout history, including the County of Luxembourg from 1239 to 1353, the Kingdom of Prussia from 1815 to 1871, Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945, West Germany from 1949 to 1990, and present-day Germany from 1990. In 1985, Bitburg came to international attention due to a ceremonial visit by U.S. President Ronald Reagan and German Chancellor Helmut Kohl to the nearby Kolmeshohe [German: \u003cem\u003eKolmeshöhe\u003c/em\u003e] Military Cemetery, where 49 members of the \u003cem\u003eWaffen-SS\u003c/em\u003e were buried. The visit was controversial, and many Americans urged the President not to visit the town. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=6150.0,6180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1043","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe SS or \u003cem\u003eSchutzstaffel\u003c/em\u003e was a major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party. It began at the end of 1920 as a small, permanent guard unit known as the “\u003cem\u003eSaal-Schutz\u003c/em\u003e” made up of Nazi Party volunteers to provide security for party meetings in Munich. Later, in 1925, Heinrich Himmler joined the unit, which had by then been reformed and renamed the “\u003cem\u003eSchutz-Staffel.\u003c/em\u003e” Under Himmler’s leadership, it grew from a small paramilitary formation to one of the largest and most powerful organizations in the Third Reich. Under Himmler’s command, it was responsible for many of the crimes against humanity during World War II. Among other activities, black-shirted SS men served as guards at labor and concentration camps. After World War II, like the Nazi Party, it was declared a criminal organization by the International Military Tribunal and banned in Germany.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=6180.0,6210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1044","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA communist is an individual who subscribes to the beliefs of Communism, a political theory derived from Karl Marx. It advocates for replacing private property and a profit-based society with public ownership and communal control of most major means of production and natural resources. It’s an ideology that falls on the far left of the political spectrum.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=7230.0,7260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1045","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEmory University is a private research university in Atlanta, Georgia. Founded in 1836 as \"Emory College\" by the Methodist Episcopal Church and named in honor of Methodist bishop John Emory, Emory is the second-oldest private institution of higher education in Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=8040.0,8070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1046","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II (abbreviated WWII or WW2) was a global war involving fighting in most of the world and most countries. Most countries fought in the years 1939–1945 but some started fighting in 1937. Most of the world's countries, including all the great powers, fought as part of two military alliances: the Allies and the Axis Powers. World War II was the largest and deadliest conflict in all of history. It involved more countries, cost more money, involved more people, and killed more people than any other war in history. Between 50 to 85 million people died. The majority were civilians. It included massacres, the deliberate genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, starvation, disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons against civilians in history.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=8070.0,8100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1047","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Atlanta Journal-Constitution \u003c/em\u003e(AJC) is a major daily newspaper in the metropolitan area of Atlanta, Georgia. The newspaper is the result of the merger between \u003cem\u003eThe Atlanta Journal\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eThe Atlanta Constitution\u003c/em\u003e. Separate publication of the morning \u003cem\u003eConstitution\u003c/em\u003e and afternoon \u003cem\u003eJournal\u003c/em\u003e ended in 2001. \u003cem\u003eThe Constitution\u003c/em\u003e, as it was originally known, was first published in 1868. Its name changed to \u003cem\u003eThe Atlanta Constitution\u003c/em\u003e in 1869. \u003cem\u003eThe Atlanta Journal \u003c/em\u003ewas established in 1883.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=8100.0,8130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1048","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWilliam Wright Bryan (1905-1991) was the former editor of The Atlanta Journal from 1946 to 1954 and broadcast the first eyewitness account of D-Day as a World War II correspondent. While covering the Allies' further advance across Europe, Mr. Bryan was wounded and captured by the Germans. He spent six months in hospitals and a prisoner-of-war camp in Szubin, Poland until he was freed by Russian troops in January 1945. In 1947, Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower awarded him the Medal of Freedom. He was president of the American Society of Newspaper Editors, editor of the Cleveland Plain Dealer, and vice president for development of Clemson University from 1963 to 1970. He received an honorary doctorate, a distinguished alumni award, and the Clemson Medallion, from Clemson University. He was the alumni association president and also belonged to the Overseas Press Club, Phi Kappa Psi, Atlanta's Nine O'Clocks, Capital City Club, Piedmont Driving Club, and First United Methodist Church of Atlanta. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=8100.0,8130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1049","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMarcus Bartlett (1910-2009) was a broadcasting and cable television pioneer and served as WSB TV's first program director. Bartlett won an Emmy award for lifetime achievement and guiding the development of Cox Cable. He graduated Phi Beta Kappa from Emory University and began his career in broadcasting at WSB in 1928. In the 1970’s, Bartlett retired from Cox and became a visiting professor at the University of Georgia. Bartlett and his wife Mamie Ruth had five children together, and 12 grandchildren. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=8160.0,8190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1050","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJames Monroe Cox (1870-1957) was an American businessman and politician who served as the 46th and 48th governor of Ohio and a United States Representative from Ohio. He founded the chain of newspapers that continues today as Cox Enterprises, a media conglomerate. He was the Democratic nominee for President of the United States in the 1920 presidential election, his running mate was future president Franklin D. Roosevelt. Cox retired from public office after the 1920 presidential election to focus on his media conglomerate, which expanded into several cities. He remained active in politics, supporting Roosevelt's campaigns. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=8220.0,8250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1051","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRobert Mason Pollock (1917-2016) was a writer and producer, known for the television show “Dynasty” and other projects he co-created with his wife Eileen Pollock. He served in World War II as Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower's chief of public radio relations. The couple was awarded a star on the Palm Springs Walk of Stars in 1997. Pollock was also a philanthropist who donated to Coachella Valley nonprofits such as ACT for MS and the AIDS Assistance Program. The Pollock Theatre at College of the Desert was named for him and his wife.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=8280.0,8310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1052","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e“Dynasty” was an American television soap opera that aired on ABC from 1981 to 1989. The series was created by Richard and Esther Shapiro and produced by Aaron Spelling, and chronicles a wealthy family residing in Denver, Colorado. “Dynasty” stars John Forsythe as oil magnate Blake Carrington, Linda Evans as his wife Krystle, and Joan Collins as his former wife Alexis.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=8280.0,8310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1053","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWalter Lippmann (1889-1974) was an American writer, reporter, and political commentator. He is credited with being among the first to introduce the concept of the Cold War, coining the term \"stereotype\" in the modern psychological meaning, as well as critiquing media and democracy in his newspaper column and several books. Lippmann won two Pulitzer Prizes, one for his syndicated newspaper column \"Today and Tomorrow\" and one for his 1961 interview of Nikita Khrushchev.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=8430.0,8460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1054","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDorothy Celene Thompson (1893-1961) was an American journalist and radio broadcaster. She was the first American journalist to be expelled from Nazi Germany in 1934 and was one of the few women news commentators broadcasting on radio during the 1930’s. Thompson attended Lewis Institute where she earned an associate degree before transferring to Syracuse University and studied politics and economics. Shortly after graduation, Thompson moved to Buffalo and became involved in the women's suffrage campaign. During her time in the suffrage movement, Thompson also did advertising and publicity work in New York City and contributed op-eds on social justice to The New York Times and the New York Herald Tribune. Recordings of her NBC Radio commentary and analysis of the European situation and the start of World War II in 1939 were selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the National Recording Registry in 2023, based on their \"cultural, historical or aesthetic importance in the nation’s recorded sound heritage.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=8430.0,8460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1055","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHeywood Campbell Broun Jr. (1888-1939) was a sportswriter, newspaper columnist, and editor in New York City. He founded the American Newspaper Guild, later known as The Newspaper Guild and now as The NewsGuild-CWA. Broun attended Harvard University but did not earn a degree. He began his professional career at the New York Morning Telegraph, working for the New York Tribune, the New York World, and the New York Post. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=8430.0,8460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1056","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA newspaper or radio syndicate is an agency that sell the exclusive rights to content, writing, and art to newspapers or radio stations. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=8460.0,8490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1057","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHans von Kaltenborn (1878-1965), generally known as H. V. Kaltenborn, was a radio commentator. He began his career in radio which spanned over 30 years with CBS in 1928. He was known ability to ad-lib and his depth of knowledge of world affairs in his analysis of current events. His reporting of the Spanish Civil War and the Czech crisis of 1938 helped establish the credibility of radio news in public opinion. Kaltenborn graduated from Harvard University and worked for various stations and corporations, including CBS and NBC. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=8910.0,8940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1058","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGabriel Heatter (1890-1972) was a radio commentator, best known for his World War II-era sign-on, \"There's good news tonight,\" which became both his catchphrase and his caricature. Heatter was the son of Jewish immigrants from Austria and was born and raised in Brooklyn. Heatter became a society reporter for The East New York Record before joining the Brooklyn Daily Times, which led to a job with Hearst's New York Journal. In 1932, he began working for WOR, as a reporter and commentator. His audience expanded in 1934 when WOR became the flagship station of the Mutual Broadcasting network.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=8910.0,8940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1059","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eElmer Holmes Davis (1890-1958) was a news reporter, author, the Director of the United States Office of War Information during World War II. Davis worked for The New York Times and his best-known work is History of the New York Times. 1851–1921. In 1939, Paul White, the news chief at CBS, asked Davis to fill in as a news analyst for H. V. Kaltenborn, who was off in Europe reporting on the increasingly hostile events. Davis thrived and in 1942, President Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed Davis as the director of the newly created United States Office of War Information.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=8910.0,8940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1060","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWJRD is an FM radio station licensed to serve Tuscaloosa, Alabama. WJRD began broadcasting in 1936 and continues to operate today as an oldies music station. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=8970.0,9000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1061","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWAPI is an AM radio station in Birmingham, Alabama. It was founded in 1922 as WSY and continues to operate today, airing talk radio programming. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=9060.0,9090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1062","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVariety\u003c/em\u003e is a magazine founded in 1905 by Sime Silverman, covering theater and vaudeville. In 1933, \u003cem\u003eDaily Variety\u003c/em\u003e was launched to cover the movie industry. \u003cem\u003eVariety\u003c/em\u003e is still published today on a weekly basis.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=9120.0,9150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1063","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRadio Daily\u003c/em\u003e was a daily publication founded in 1937 by Jack Alicoate. It was later renamed \u003cem\u003eRadio and Television Daily\u003c/em\u003e and ceased publication in the early 1960’s. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=9120.0,9150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1064","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBillboard\u003c/em\u003e (stylized in lowercase since 2013) is a magazine founded by William Donaldson and James Hennegan in 1894, covering the advertising and bill-posting industry and was known as \u003cem\u003eBillboard Advertising\u003c/em\u003e. In the early 20th century, it began covering the entertainment industry, including circuses, fairs, and burlesque shows. \u003cem\u003eBillboard\u003c/em\u003e began focusing more on the music industry as the jukebox, phonograph, and radio became more common. Today, the magazine covers music and entertainment and is published weekly by Penske Media Corporation. Its music charts include the Hot 100, the 200, and the Global 200, tracking the most popular albums and songs in various music genres.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=9120.0,9150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1065","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Vanderbilt Cup was the first major trophy in American auto racing awarded from 1904 to 1968. The first event was held on Long Island, New York in 1904, founded by William Kissam Vanderbilt II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=9420.0,9450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1066","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePrince Hubertus zu Loewenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg (1906-1984) was a German historian and political figure who was an early opponent of Adolf Hitler. He fled Germany and worked to promote anti-Nazism in the United States. He was a former member of Parliament and was the author of over 40 books. He was the head of the Free German Authors Association and was decorated by Pope John XXIII for work toward reconciliation between the Roman Catholic and the Greek Orthodox church. He was the son of Count Maximilian of Löwenstein-Scharfeneck and Constance, daughter of Henry de Worms, 1st Baron Pirbright.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=9600.0,9630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1067","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIsolationism is a national policy of avoiding political or economic entanglements, especially wars, with other countries. Most fundamentally, isolationism advocates neutrality and opposes all commitments to foreign countries including treaties and trade agreements. This distinguishes isolationism from non-interventionism, which also advocates military neutrality but does not necessarily oppose international commitments and treaties. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=9810.0,9840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1068","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFranklin Delano Roosevelt (1882-1945) was the 32nd President of the United States and a central figure in world events during the mid-twentieth century, leading the United States through a time of worldwide economic crisis and war. Popularly known as “FDR,” he collapsed and died in his home in Warm Springs, Georgia just a few months before the end of World War II. He was a Democrat. FDR was an avid horseback rider and enjoyed an active early life. He was diagnosed with infantile paralysis, better known as polio, in 1921, at the age of 39. Despite permanent paralysis from the waist down, he was careful never to be seen using his wheelchair in public, and great care was taken to prevent any portrayal in the press that would highlight his disability.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=9810.0,9840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1069","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePearl Harbor is located on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, west of Honolulu. Much of the harbor and surrounding lands in a United States Navy deep-water naval base. It is also the headquarters of the United States Pacific Fleet. It was bombed by Japanese Navy Air forces on December 7, 1941, the action that directly prompted the United States' entry into World War II. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=9870.0,9900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1070","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFort McPherson was a U.S. Army military base located in East Point, Georgia, on the southwest edge of Atlanta, Georgia. During World War II, Fort McPherson served as a general depot, where thousands of men were processed for entry in the army. Fort McPherson was closed down in 2011. The property is now owned by actor/producer Tyler Perry, who redeveloped the site into Tyler Perry Studios.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=10020.0,10050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1071","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAgnes Scott College is a private women’s liberal arts college in Decatur, Georgia. It was established in 1889 and is affiliated with the Presbyterian Church. It is also considered one of the Seven Sisters of the South, which is the name given to seven colleges located in Georgia, Virginia, and North Carolina.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=10050.0,10080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1072","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e“Reveille In Dixie” was a dramatized radio program produced by WSB radio station in Atlanta, Georgia. The program was created by executive Elmo Ellis and explained the necessity of winning World War II. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=10530.0,10560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1073","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMaxwell Air Force Base, officially known as Maxwell-Gunter Air Force Base, is a United States Air Force installation under the Air Education and Training Command. The installation is located in Montgomery, Alabama, occupying the site of the first Wright Flying School, it was named in honor of Second Lieutenant William C. Maxwell, a native of Atmore, Alabama. The base is the headquarters of Air University, a major component of Air Education and Training Command, and is the U.S. Air Force's center for Joint Professional Military Education. Maxwell Air Force Base is also the site of Federal Prison Camp, Montgomery, a minimum security facility for male inmates.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=10530.0,10560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1074","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe US Army established Officer Candidate Schools (OCS) beginning in 1941 as a means of generating large numbers of junior officers. OCS courses were designed to train, assess, evaluate, and develop civilians and enlisted personnel for commission as officers. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=10560.0,10590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1075","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Cox Broadcasting Corporation was a broadcasting corporation founded by former Governor of Ohio, James M. Cox. Cox’s son James M. Cox Jr. expanded the corporation, acquiring broadcasting properties and diversifying in cable television, technical publishing, and entertainment. Today, the company is CMG Media Corporation (doing business as Cox Media Group) a media conglomerate principally owned by Apollo Global Management in conjunction with Cox Enterprises. The company owns radio and television stations. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=10710.0,10740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1076","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJames Leonard Reinsch (1908-1991) was a broadcasting executive who became president and CEO of COX Communications. He advised four US Presidents and assisted the White House Press Secretary office in 1945, during the transition from President Franklin D. Roosevelt to President Harry Truman. Reinsch also advised Winston Churchill on his 1946 \"Iron Curtain\" speech. Reinsch took over the development of what was then WHIO for Governor Cox and was sent to Atlanta, in 1939, when Cox purchased the Atlanta Journal and Georgian and the radio stations. He was put in charge of WSB radio, including WIOD Miami, WSB Atlanta, and WHIG in Dayton. In 1973, Reinsch was presented the coveted Gold Medal award from the International Radio and Television Society. He was a member of the Peabody Awards Board of Jurors from 1979 to 1985. In 2003 the Library of American Broadcasting named Reinsch as one of the \"First Fifty Giants of Broadcasting\". Mr. Reinsch retired in 1973 from Cox Broadcasting.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=10800.0,10830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1077","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Presbyterian Church (USA) is a mainline Protestant Christian denomination in the United States. Part of the Reformed tradition, it is the largest Presbyterian denomination in the United States and is known for its relatively tolerant stance on doctrine.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=11070.0,11100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1078","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMiami Beach is an island city in south Florida, connected by bridges to mainland Miami. The city was founded in 1915. It is known for its early 20th century architecture in the Art Deco Historic district.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=11310.0,11340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1079","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFort Worth is a city in Tarrant County, in North Central Texas. The city of Fort Worth was established in 1849 as an army outpost on a bluff overlooking the Trinity River. It has historically been a center of the Texas Longhorn cattle trade. Today, the city is home to cultural institutions including the Kimbell Art Museum, the Fort Worth Stockyards, and the National Cowgirl Museum and Hall of Fame.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=11310.0,11340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1080","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Air Education and Training Command (AETC) is one of the nine Major Commands of the United States Air Force. The command was established as Air Corps Flying Training Command in 1942, and redesignated three times before it was redesignated as Air Education and Training Command in 1993, with the realignment of Air Training Command and Air University.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=11310.0,11340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1081","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWilbur Wright Field was a military installation and an airfield used as a World War I pilot, mechanic, and armorer training facility. It is located near Riverside, Ohio and is the site of the National Museum of the United States Air Force. In 1945, Wright Field, Patterson Field, Dayton Army Air Field in Vandalia and Clinton County AAF in Wilmington merged to form the Army Air Forces Technical Base. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=11340.0,11370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1082","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eArmy Air Forces Technical Service Command was redesignated Air Technical Service Command (ATSC) in 1945. 14 bases in the United States were home to Air Technical Service Commands. In 1946, Army Air Forces Technical Service Command was redesignated Air Materiel Command, headquartered at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. In 1961, the command was redesignated the Air Force Logistics Command with some of its functions transferred to the new Air Force Systems Command.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=11340.0,11370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1083","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJohn Morgan Outler, Jr. (1892-1966) was the commercial manager and later became General Manager of both WSB Radio and WSB-TV. Outler attended Emory University and began working as a reporter for the Augusta Chronicle before becoming an advertising agent for the Atlanta Journal. He was also the founder of the National Association of Broadcasters, serving a term on the association's board of directors. Outler was chosen as Chairman of the National Association of Radio and Television Broadcasters in 1956 and in 1957, he retired from WSB.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=11370.0,11400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1084","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBradley Crandall (born Robert Lee Bradley) (1927-1991) was a radio personality, voice-over announcer, and film narrator, best known for his radio show on WNBC in New York City, which aired from 1964 to 1971. In the U.S. Air Force during the Korean War, he became a disc jockey, known as Brad Bradley, using an Air Force mobile radio broadcasting unit. Crandall worked at radio stations in Texas and Florida and was hired at CKEY in Toronto, Canada, before joining WNBC in 1964. It was in Toronto that he changed from music programs to a radio phone-in format. In New York City, Crandall did voice-over commercials for many national clients, including narrating classified films for the army. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=11490.0,11520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1085","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBeeland Co. was a film production company based in Atlanta, Georgia in the early to mid-20th century. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=11580.0,11610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1086","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCharles D. Beeland (1905-1965) was a businessman and co-founder of Beeland-King Film Productions and Beeland Co. in Atlanta, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=11580.0,11610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1087","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eABC (American Broadcasting Company) was founded in 1943 as a radio network and began television broadcasting in 1948. Today it is considered one of three major television networks. It is the flagship property of Disney Entertainment, a division of The Walt Disney Company. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=11580.0,11610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1088","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Arkwright House is a home located on Ponce DeLeon Avenue, Atlanta built by Preston S. Arkwright, a prominent Atlanta civic and business leader. Arkwright was president of the Georgia Power Company during its infancy. Arkwright used this house as his residence until his death in 1946. The house is still a private residence today. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=11610.0,11640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1089","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\"Charade Parade” was a television show that aired on WSB-TV in the late 1940’s in Atlanta, Georgia. It was created by Elmo Ellis and produced by Bradford Crandall. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=11670.0,11700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1090","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJohn “Johnny” William Carson (1925-2005) was an American television host, comedian, writer, and producer. He is best known as the host of The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. Carson received six Emmy Awards, the Television Academy's 1980 Governor's Award, and a 1985 Peabody Award.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=11700.0,11730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1091","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e“Mary Nell at Home” was a television show starring Mary Nell Santacroce that aired on WSB-TV in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=11700.0,11730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1092","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMary Nell Santacroce (1917-1999) appeared in films and television movies and played the title role in Driving Miss Daisy on the Atlanta stage and on international tour. A graduate of the University of Georgia and Emory University, she taught speech and drama at the Georgia Institute of Technology from 1948 to 1965 and taught at Georgia State University from 1965 to 1972. Her daughter, actress Dana Robins Ivey (b. 1941), won an Obie award for her portrayal of Miss Daisy in New York.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=11700.0,11730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1093","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTurner Broadcasting System, Inc. (abbreviated as TBS) is an American television and media conglomerate, part of AT\u0026amp;T's WarnerMedia. Founded by Ted Turner and based in Atlanta, Georgia, it merged with Time Warner on October 10, 1996. Among its main properties were its namesake TBS, TNT, CNN, and TruTV. It also licensed or had ownership interests in international versions of these properties. The headquarters of Turner's properties are located in both the CNN Center in Downtown Atlanta, and the Turner Broadcasting campus off Techwood Drive in Midtown Atlanta, which also houses Turner Studios. The latter campus formerly housed the Progressive Club, a Jewish social and country club.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=11730.0,11760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1094","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRefers to the Korean War, a war between North Korea (with the support of China and the Soviet Union) and South Korea (with the support of the United Nations, principally from the United States). The war began on June 25, 1950, when North Korea invaded South Korea following clashes along the border and insurrections in the south. The war ended unofficially on July 27, 1953, in an armistice.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=11790.0,11820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1095","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRich's was a department store retail chain, headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, which operated in the southern U.S. from 1867 until March 6, 2005, when the nameplate was eliminated and replaced by Macy's. It was founded by Hungarian Jewish immigrant Morris Rich (born Mauritius Reich) in Atlanta in 1867 as \"M. Rich \u0026amp; Co. Dry Goods\" Many of the former Rich's stores today form the core of Macy's Central, an Atlanta-based division of Macy's, Inc., which formerly operated as Federated Department Stores, Inc.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=12360.0,12390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1096","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDavison's of Atlanta was a department store chain and an Atlanta shopping institution. Davison's first opened its doors in Atlanta in 1891 and had its origins in the Davison \u0026amp; Douglas Company. In 1901, the store changed its name to Davison-Paxon-Stokes after the retirement of E. Lee Douglas from the business and the appointment of Frederic John Paxon as treasurer. Davison-Paxon-Stokes sold out to R.H. Macy \u0026amp; Co. in 1925. By 1927, R.H. Macy built the Peachtree Street store that still stands today. That same year the company dropped the “Stokes” to become Davison Paxon Co. All Davison’s stores were completely absorbed into the Macy’s nameplate in 1986, rendering the store defunct.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=12540.0,12570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1097","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHollywood is a neighborhood in Los Angeles, California. It is the location of many notable film studios and is considered the home of the American film industry. Hollywood is located in the central region of Los Angeles, made up of several neighborhoods, including North Hollywood, East Hollywood, and West Hollywood.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=12570.0,12600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1098","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\"Paradise Island” was a 1949 made-for-TV musical that ran for twenty-six weeks with fifteen-minute films that featured Danny O'Neill and Anne Sterling. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=12630.0,12660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1099","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDaniel O'Neill (1920-2002) was an entertainer and singer from Chicago, Illinois. He appeared in numerous radio programs and television shows, including \"The Danny O'Neil Show\", in the 1940’s and 1950’s. O'Neill also produced 74 singles and five albums. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=12630.0,12660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMilton Berle (born Mendel Berlinger) (1908-2002) was an actor and comedian. His career as an entertainer spanned over eight decades, first in silent films and on stage as a child actor, then in radio, movies, and television. He was the host of NBC's Texaco Star Theatre from 1948 to 1953, and he was one of the first major American television stars and was known to millions of viewers as \"Uncle Miltie\" and \"Mr. Television\" during the first Golden Age of Television. He was honored with two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his work in both radio and TV. Berle was born into a Jewish family in Harlem, New York.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=12660.0,12690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIsaiah Edwin Leopold (1886-1966), better known as Ed Wynn, was an actor and comedian. He was noted for his Perfect Fool comedy character, his pioneering radio show of the 1930’s, and his later career as a dramatic actor. His career spanned vaudeville, radio, television, cartoons, and film. Wynn was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to a Jewish family. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=12660.0,12690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e“Hopalong Cassidy” was a series of American Western films starring William Boyd as the character Hopalong Cassidy. In the films, Hopalong, or \"Hoppy\", and his white horse, Topper, travel through the Old West. From 1935 to 1948, 66 films were produced. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=12690.0,12720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Associated Press was founded in 1846 and is a non-profit American news agency headquartered in New York City. It serves as a cooperative, unincorporated association, and produces news reports that are distributed to United States newspapers and broadcasters.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=12810.0,12840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eUnited Press or UP was a news agency created in 1907 with the merger of three smaller news syndicates by the Midwest newspaper publisher E. W. Scripps. In 1958, it became United Press International after absorbing the International News Service (INS), a news agency founded by newspaper publisher William Randolph Hearst in 1909. United Press International (UPI) provides news materials including photo, news film, and audio services to thousands of newspapers, magazines, radio, and television stations. Its primary competitor is the Associated Press. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=12810.0,12840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSee annotation for United Press. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=12810.0,12840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e“The March of Time” was a newsreel series sponsored by Time Inc. and shown in movie theaters from 1935 to 1951. It was based on a radio news series broadcast from 1931 to 1945 that was produced by advertising agency Batten, Barton, Durstine \u0026amp; Osborn. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=12960.0,12990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Wright Flyer was the first plane to make a sustained flight by a manned heavier-than-air powered and controlled aircraft on December 17, 1903, near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. It was invented and flown by brothers Orville and Wilbur Wright and marked the beginning of the pioneer era of aviation. The aircraft never flew again but was restored by Orville and displayed at the London Science Museum until 1948 when it was moved and displayed in the Smithsonian. It is now exhibited in the National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=13080.0,13110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKitty Hawk is a town in Dare County, North Carolina, on Bodie Island, part of what is known as the state's Outer Banks. It was established in the early 18th century as Chickahawk, the Algonquin language word meaning \"a place to hunt geese\". Kitty Hawk became world-famous after the Wright brothers made the first sustained flight in an aircraft four miles south of the town in 1903. Kitty Hawk is usually credited as the site of the powered flights because it was the nearest named settlement at the time of the flight.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=13080.0,13110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Westinghouse Broadcasting Company, also known as Group W, was the broadcasting division of Westinghouse Electric Corporation formed in the 1920’s. The company owned several radio and television stations across the United States and distributed television shows for syndication. It adopted the Group W name in 1963 and was purchased and absorbed by Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) in the late 1990’s.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=13200.0,13230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eStorer Broadcasting, Inc. was a company that owned several radio and television stations in the Northeastern United States. In the early 1990’s, the company’s assets were split between Comcast and Tele-Communications, Inc. (TCI), and the company was dissolved.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=13200.0,13230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Biltmore Hotel on West Peachtree Street in Atlanta opened in 1924. The 11-story hotel and the 10-story apartment buildings were located in Midtown. There were towering radio masks on each end of the building, with vertical illuminated letters on them that spell out “BILTMORE.” In 1967 it was sold to Sheraton Hotels and became the Sheraton-Biltmore Hotel. The building has now been renovated and turned into office space and condominiums and is still called the “Biltmore.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=13890.0,13920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSydney Roslow (1910-2002) was the president and founder of The Pulse, Inc., a radio and television analytics service. Roslow received his Bachelor’s degree, Master’s degree, and PhD from New York University. He also worked as an associate professor at Baruch College City University of New York and Florida International University.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=13980.0,14010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWWL is an AM radio station in New Orleans, Louisiana. WWL began broadcasting in 1922 and continues to operate today with a talk radio format with sports talk at night.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=14250.0,14280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNBC (National Broadcasting Company) is the oldest of the three major television networks. It was founded in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) as a radio network and later began television broadcasting. NBC is home to some of the longest running news programming including “Meet the Press” debuting in 1947 and “Today” debuting in 1952. The company today is a subsidiary of Comcast.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=14250.0,14280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKDKA is an AM radio station licensed to serve Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. KDKA has described itself as the \"Pioneer Broadcasting Station of the World\" and it is considered by many historians as the first commercially licensed radio station. Its first broadcast was of the Harding-Cox presidential election results on the evening of November 2, 1920.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=14280.0,14310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePittsburgh is the second-most populous city in Pennsylvania behind Philadelphia with a 2020 population of over 300,000. It is in Western Pennsylvania and at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers. It is called “the Steel City” for its steel industry and the “City of Bridges” for its 446 bridges.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=14280.0,14310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKMOX is a commercial AM radio station in St. Louis, Missouri. KMOX is considered the first U.S. station to program all talk shows around the clock, having first broadcasted in 1925. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=14340.0,14370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSt. Louis is located in east-central Missouri near the confluence of the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers. Native Americans originally inhabited the area for generations before European settlers came. French fur traders founded the city in 1764 and named it for King Louis IX of France. By the 1800s, the city became a major port city on the Mississippi River. Today, the city is the second largest city in Missouri.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=14340.0,14370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWCCO is an AM radio station in Minneapolis, Minnesota. WCCO began broadcasting in 1922 and continues to operate today with features a talk radio format, including frequent newscasts and sports programming. WCCO is the flagship radio station for the Minnesota Twins baseball team and the Minnesota Timberwolves basketball team.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=14340.0,14370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMinneapolis is a city in Hennepin County, Minnesota. It is the state’s most populous city with almost 430,000 residents. The area was first inhabited by Dakota people and the city is referred to as “Bde Óta Othúŋwe” (Many Lakes Town) in Dakota and nicknamed the \"City of Lakes” in English. The city has thirteen lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks, and waterfalls. Its proximity to the Mississippi River made it the capital of the 19th-century lumber and flour milling. It is the birthplace of several companies, most notably General Mills, the Pillsbury brand, and the Target Corporation. It is also home to the Minneapolis Institute of Art, the First Avenue nightclub, and the University of Minnesota's main campus. It is geographically located next to Saint Paul, Minnesota’s capital. Minneapolis, Saint Paul, and the surrounding area are collectively known as the Twin Cities, a metropolitan area with 3.69 million residents. In 2020, the murder of an African American man, George Floyd, by a white Minneapolis police officer sparked mass protests and social unrest.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=14340.0,14370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ecarte blanche means to have complete freedom to act as one wishes or thinks best.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=14670.0,14700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWGKA is an AM commercial conservative talk radio station licensed to Atlanta, Georgia, serving primarily the Atlanta metropolitan area. Historically, the station is better known as the original home of WGST, founded by the Georgia Institute of Technology. The station had the call letters from 1925 to 1989, when WGST's programming and call letters moved to 640 AM, now WBIN.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=14820.0,14850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Freedoms Foundation presents two awards, the Distinguished Citizen Award and the National Awards to nominees who exemplify civic responsibility. The National Awards was first presented by General Dwight D. Eisenhower presented in 1949. The awards span seven categories, including Community, School, Educators, Public Communication, Special Events, Youth Essay, and Military Essay. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=14970.0,15000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRalph Emerson McGill (1898-1969) was an American journalist, best known as an anti-segregationist editor and publisher of the Atlanta Constitution newspaper. He won a Pulitzer Prize for editorial writing in 1959. He became friends with Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson, acting as a civil rights advisor and behind-the-scenes envoy to several African nations. After his death, Ralph McGill Boulevard in Atlanta (previously Forrest Boulevard) was named for him.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=15030.0,15060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBrown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) was a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court that declared state laws establishing separate public schools for Black and white students unconstitutional. The ruling paved the way for integration and the civil rights movement.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=15300.0,15330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJohn Reginald Murphy (b. 1933), usually known as Reg Murphy, is a publisher and business executive. Murphy graduated from Mercer University and began his career in journalism with the \u003cem\u003eMacon Telegraph\u003c/em\u003e. He became editor of the \u003cem\u003eAtlanta Constitution\u003c/em\u003e, editor and publisher of \u003cem\u003eThe San Francisco Examiner\u003c/em\u003e, and publisher and CEO of The Baltimore Sun. Murphy was president and CEO of the National Geographic Society from 1996 to 1998. In 1974, Murphy was kidnapped and was freed two days later after the Atlanta Constitution paid the $700,000 ransom. Murphy was well known for his stance against the Vietnam War, but the motive for the kidnapping is still unknown. His kidnapper was arrested for the crime only six hours after Murphy was released, and all of the money was recovered. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=15360.0,15390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRadio Station Management \u003c/em\u003ewas a monograph book written by Leonard J. Reinsch and Elmo Israel Ellis and published in 1960. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=15360.0,15390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA university press is an academic publishing house specializing in monographs and scholarly journals. They publish work that has been reviewed by scholars in the field.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=15390.0,15420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eOpportunities in Broadcasting\u003c/em\u003e was a monograph book written by Elmo Israel Ellis and first published in 1982 by VGM Career Horizons, a division of National Textbook Co. A final revised edition was released in 2004. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=15450.0,15480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHappiness is Worth the Effort \u003c/em\u003ewas a self-improvement book written by Elmo Israel Ellis and published in 1970 by Hewitt House. The book challenges readers to improve life by applying optimism to areas of life including learning, love, responsibility, faith, and marriage. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=15480.0,15510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJanice Oettinger Rothschild Blumberg (b. 1924), a native of Atlanta, Georgia, is an author of several books on Southern Jewish history. She is the widow of Rabbi Jacob M. Rothschild (1911-1973) and David M. Blumberg (1911-1989), both nationally prominent Jewish figures, and the great-granddaughter of Rabbi E.B.M. \"Alphabet\" Browne, the first rabbi of the Temple in Atlanta. In 1985, she published a book entitled \u003cem\u003e“One Voice: Rabbi Jacob M. Rothschild and the Troubled South.”\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=15690.0,15720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Southern Israelite\u003c/em\u003e, now the \u003cem\u003eAtlanta Jewish Times\u003c/em\u003e, is a newspaper with the mission to create a sense of community throughout the geographically dispersed Jewish people of greater Atlanta through the timely dissemination of local and national news; support of local synagogue, nonprofit, and cultural endeavors and events; thought-provoking dialogue and debate on current issues and Jewish ideas; and the strengthening of the bonds and understanding of Jewish culture, tradition, and family.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=15690.0,15720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Jacob Mortimer \"Jack\" Rothschild (1911-1973) served as rabbi of Atlanta’s oldest Reform congregation, the Temple, from 1946 until his death in 1973 from a heart attack. A native of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, he forged close relationships with the city’s Christian clergy and distinguished himself as a charismatic spokesperson for civil rights.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=15750.0,15780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Temple on Peachtree Street in Atlanta, Georgia was bombed in the early morning hours of October 12, 1958. About 50 sticks of dynamite were planted near the building and tore a huge hole in the wall. No one was injured in the bombing as it was during the night. Rabbi Jacob Rothschild was an outspoken advocate of civil rights and integration and friend of Martin Luther King Jr. Five men associated with the National States’ Rights Party, a white separatist group, were tried and acquitted in the bombing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=15750.0,15780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEdward Roscoe Murrow (born Egbert Roscoe Murrow) (1908-1965) was a broadcast journalist and war correspondent. He first gained prominence during World War II with a series of live radio broadcasts from Europe for the news division of CBS. During the war, he recruited and worked closely with a team of war correspondents who came to be known as the Murrow Boys. A pioneer of radio and television news broadcasting, following WWII, Murrow became vice president of the network and head of CBS News. Murrow produced a series of reports on his television program “See It Now” which focused on several controversial issues in the 1950’s, but it is best remembered as the show that criticized McCarthyism and the Red Scare, contributing to the political downfall of Senator Joseph McCarthy.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=15840.0,15870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Paley Center for Media, formerly the Museum of Television \u0026amp; Radio and the Museum of Broadcasting, is a cultural institution in New York with a branch office in Los Angeles, dedicated to preserving media history and exploring media’s shaping influence on culture and society. It was founded in 1975 by William S. Paley and renamed for him in 2007 to encompass emerging broadcasting technologies such as the Internet, mobile video, and podcasting. The center also contains the Paley Archive, the largest public collection of permanent media collection of television, radio programs, and advertisements. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=15990.0,16020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Braves are an American professional baseball team based in Atlanta, Georgia. The Braves compete in Major League Baseball (MLB). The Braves are the oldest continuously operating professional sports franchise in North America, founded in 1871 in Boston, Massachusetts as the Boston Red Stockings. The club moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in 1953, and in 1966, the club's owners moved the team to Atlanta, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=16350.0,16380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Falcons is the professional America football team that is located in Atlanta. The team joined the league in 1966 as an expansion team.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=16350.0,16380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Georgia (UGA) is a public land grant university, which was founded in 1785 making it one of the oldest universities in the United States. Its main campus is in Athens, Georgia with two satellite campuses in Atlanta and Lawrenceville. It is the flagship school of the University System of Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=16350.0,16380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRefers to the hijacking of Trans World Airlines Flight 847 flight from Cairo to San Diego with en route stops in Athens, Rome, Boston, and Los Angeles. On June 14, 1985, the flight was hijacked shortly after take-off from Athens, Greece, the hijackers demanded the release of Lebanese Shia Muslims from Israeli custody. The plane was taken repeatedly to Beirut and Algiers over the span of three days, with passengers and crew members being beaten. Passengers with Jewish-sounding names were separated from the others and United States Military passengers were targeted, including United States Navy diver Robert Stethem who was murdered. Numerous passengers were held hostage over the following two weeks for ransom. Later Western analysis considered the hijackers to be part of Hezbollah.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=16500.0,16530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLittle is the capital and most populous city in Pulaski County, Arkansas. The capital of the Arkansas Territory was moved to Little Rock from Arkansas Post in 1821 and today, Little Rock is a cultural, economic, government, and transportation center within Arkansas and the American South. Little Rock is home to various cultural institutions such as the Arkansas Museum of Fine Arts, the Arkansas Repertory Theatre, the Arkansas Symphony Orchestra, and the Mosaic Templars Cultural Center. The city is also the headquarters of Dillard's, Windstream Communications, Stephens Inc., University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Heifer International, Winrock International, the Clinton Foundation, and the Rose Law Firm.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=16530.0,16560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Ponce de Leon was a named train of the Southern Railway which ran from Cincinnati, Ohio, to Jacksonville, Florida, from 1924 to the mid-1960s. On December 23, 1926, the Ponce de Leon and Royal Palm collided in Rockmart, Georgia. Nineteen people were killed and 113 were injured, most on the Ponce de Leon. In 1964, Southern Railway dropped the Atlanta to Jacksonville leg of the Ponce's operation, but it continued to operate between Atlanta and Cincinnati until 1968. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=16890.0,16920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Louisville and Nashville Railroad, commonly called the L\u0026amp;N, was a railroad that operated freight and passenger services in the southeast U.S. It was chartered in 1850, operating through the American Civil War and the Great Depression. The railroad served fourteen states and cities beyond Louisville and Nashville, including St. Louis, Memphis, Atlanta, and New Orleans. In the early 1980’s it was absorbed by other railroad companies in various consolidations. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=16890.0,16920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBert Parks (born Bertram Jacobson, 1914-1992) was an actor, singer, and radio and television announcer. The Atlanta native was best known for hosting the annual “Miss America” telecast from 1955 to 1979.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=16980.0,17010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is the principal federal law enforcement agency of the United States. The bureau is focused on domestic intelligence and security of the federal government.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=17790.0,17820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMartin Luther King, Jr. (1929-1968) is best known for his role as a leader in the Civil Rights Movement and the advancement of civil rights using nonviolent civil disobedience based on his Christian beliefs. A Baptist minister, King became a civil rights activist early in his career. He led the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott and helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) in 1957, serving as its first president. With the SCLC, King led an unsuccessful struggle against segregation in Albany, Georgia, in 1962, and organized nonviolent protests in Birmingham, Alabama, that attracted national attention following television news coverage of the brutal police response. King also helped to organize the 1963 March on Washington, where he delivered his famous \"I Have a Dream\" speech. On October 14, 1964, King received the Nobel Peace Prize for combating racial inequality through nonviolence. In 1965, he and the SCLC helped to organize the Selma to Montgomery marches and the following year, he took the movement north to Chicago to work on segregated housing. King was assassinated on April 4, 1968, in Memphis, Tennessee. His death was followed by riots in many United States’ cities. King was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal. Martin Luther King, Jr. Day was established as a holiday in numerous cities and states beginning in 1971, and as a United States federal holiday in 1986.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=17940.0,17970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Thunderbolt\u003c/em\u003e was the newsletter of the National States' Rights Party, published by J.B. Stoner. The newsletter promoted the party’s white supremacist, antisemitic, racist, and pro-segregation views. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=18030.0,18060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJesse Benjamin Stoner (1924-2005) was an American neo-Nazi segregationist convicted in 1980 of the 1958 bombing of the Bethel Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama. He was the founder and long-time chairman of the National States’ Rights Party, and the publisher of its newsletter, The Thunderbolt.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=18030.0,18060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEdward Reed Fields (b. 1932) is an American white supremacist and antisemitic political activist. Fields moved at an early age to Atlanta, Georgia, and became involved in far-right politics, serving as a recruiter for the Black Front, a local Nazi organization. Fields became active in several white supremacist political organizations, and in 1958, Fields founded the National States' Rights Party, which advocated racial segregation and white supremacy. He served as its National Director while J.B. Stoner served as its National Chairman. Fields edited the party's newspaper, The Thunderbolt. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=18030.0,18060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRosa Parks (1913-2005) was a civil rights activist whose refusal to give up her seat and move to the “colored section” of a bus in 1955 played a pivotal role in the Montgomery Bus Boycott.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=18570.0,18600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHubert Horatio Humphrey Jr. (1911-1978) was an American politician and statesman who served as the 38th vice president of the United States from 1965 to 1969. He twice served in the United States Senate, representing Minnesota from 1949 to 1964 and 1971 to 1978. As a senator, he was a major leader of modern liberalism in the United States. As President Lyndon B. Johnson's vice president, he supported the controversial Vietnam War. An intensely divided Democratic Party nominated him in the 1968 presidential election, which he lost to Republican nominee Richard Nixon. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=19080.0,19110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLyndon Baines Johnson (1908-1973), often called ‘LBJ,’ was the 36th President of the United States from 1963 to 1968. He came into the office with the assassination of John F. Kennedy in Dallas, Texas on November 22, 1963. He was a Democrat from Texas and served as a U.S. representative and U.S. senator. Johnson instituted a set of domestic programs called Great Society, aimed at expanding civil rights, public broadcasting, access to health care, aid to education and the arts, urban and rural development, and public services. As part of these efforts, Johnson signed the Social Security Amendments of 1965, which resulted in the creation of Medicare and Medicaid. Johnson also enacted the Higher Education Act of 1965, which established federally insured student loans; and signed the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, which laid the groundwork for U.S. immigration policy today. Johnson's civil rights legacy was shaped by signing the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the Civil Rights Act of 1968. His foreign policy prioritized the containment of communism, including in the ongoing Vietnam War. He launched a full-scale military intervention in Southeast Asia, dramatically increasing the number of American military personnel deployed. Casualties soared among U.S. soldiers and Vietnam civilians, prompting the anti-war movement and public opinion turned against America's involvement in the war. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=19080.0,19110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEllis Gibbs Arnall (1907-1992) was the 69th Governor of Georgia from 1943-1947. Arnall was a nationally recognized litigator and served as Attorney General of Georgia before becoming Governor.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=19590.0,19620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLester Garfield Maddox Sr. (1915-2003) was an American politician who served as the 75th Governor of the U.S. state of Georgia from 1967 to 1971. A populist Democrat, Maddox came to prominence as a staunch segregationist when he refused to serve Black customers in his Atlanta restaurant, the Pickrick, in violation of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. He later served as Lieutenant Governor during the period when Jimmy Carter was Governor.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=19590.0,19620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is an agency of the United States government that regulates communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable in the United States and U.S. territories. It is an independent agency overseen by Congress, also handling areas relating to fair competition, media responsibility, public safety, and homeland security in the U.S.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=19890.0,19920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSamuel A. Massell Jr. (1927-2022) was a businessman and politician who served from 1970 to 1974 as the 53rd mayor of Atlanta, Georgia. He was the first Jewish mayor in the city's history. Massell attended the University of Georgia in Athens and transferred to Emory University before being drafted into the United States Army Air Force in 1946. He later returned to school and earned his bachelor's degree in commercial science and Bachelor of Laws degree from Atlanta Law School. A lifelong Atlanta resident, Massell had successful careers in real estate brokerage, elected office, tourism, and association management. His mayoral administration is credited with having established the Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority, the Omni Coliseum, the first enclosed arena in Atlanta, and Woodruff Park in Central City.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=19950.0,19980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMaynard Holbrook Jackson Jr. (1938 – 2003) was an American politician and attorney from Georgia. A member of the Democratic Party, he was elected in 1973 at the age of 35 as the first Black mayor of Atlanta, Georgia and of any major city in the South. He served three terms (1974–1982, 1990–1994), making him the second longest-serving mayor of Atlanta, after six-term mayor William B. Hartsfield. After his death, the William B. Hartsfield Atlanta International Airport was re-named Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport to honor his service to the expansion of the airport, the city, and its people.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=19950.0,19980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA world’s fair refers to a large international exhibition designed to showcase the achievements of nations. In 1964, a World’s Fair was hosted at Flushing Meadows–Corona Park in Queens, New York City. It was held from April to October 1964 and April to October 1965, and showcased mid-twentieth-century American culture and technology. Eighty countries participated; however, the fair did not receive official support or approval from the Bureau of International Expositions (BIE). \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=20040.0,20070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Selma to Montgomery marches were three marches in 1965 that marked the political and emotional peak of the American Civil Rights Movement. Selma and Montgomery were the focus of Black voter registration drives which were resisted on every front. The marches were to support voting rights for Blacks. The first was on March 7, 1965, and came to be known as “Bloody Sunday” when 600 civil rights marchers were attacked by state and local police with billy clubs and tear gas. Several marchers, both Black and white, were beaten or murdered over the course of the marches. The second march was on March 9, 1965. Martin Luther King Jr. led 2,500 protestors who were turned back after crossing the Edmund Pettus Bridge. The third march started on March 16. The marchers marched along US Route 80 protected by 2,000 soldiers of the United States Army, 1,900 members of the Alabama National Guard under Federal command, FBI agents and Federal Marshals. They arrived in Montgomery on March 24. The marchers in the third march were fed by women volunteers who cooked the food in the kitchen of the Green Street Baptist Church after which it was delivered to the gathering point for the march by truck.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=20220.0,20250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSelma is a city in Dallas County, the Black Belt region of south-central Alabama. The city is located on the banks of the Alabama River, making it a trading center and market town during the antebellum years of the American South and an important armaments-manufacturing and iron shipbuilding center for the Confederacy during the Civil War. Today, the city is best known for the 1960s Civil Rights Movement and the Selma to Montgomery marches, beginning with \"Bloody Sunday\" in 1965 and ending with 25,000 people entering Montgomery at the end of the last march to press for voting rights. This activism generated national attention for social justice and that summer, the Voting Rights Act of 1965 was passed. Following agriculture and industry decline, Selma’s population has declined since its peak in the 1960’s. In the 2020 census, the population was almost 18,000 and about 80% of the population is African American.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=20220.0,20250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEl Al Israel Airlines is Israel’s national airline. Its inaugural flight was in September 1948, now it serves almost 50 destinations. El Al is the only commercial airline to equip its planes with missile defense systems to protect its planes against surface-to-air missiles and is considered one of the world's most secure airlines, thanks to its stringent security procedures, both on the ground and onboard its aircraft.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=20760.0,20790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA Zionist is an individual who is part of the Zionism movement which supports a Jewish national state in the territory defined as the Land of Israel. Although Zionism existed before the nineteenth century, in the 1890s Theodor Herzl popularized it and gave it a new urgency, as he believed that Jewish life in Europe was threatened, and a State of Israel was needed. The State of Israel was established in 1948 and Zionism today is expressed as support for the continued existence of Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=20910.0,20940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLessing Julius Rosenwald (1891-1979) was a businessman, a collector of rare books and art, a chess patron, and a philanthropist. Rosenwald succeeded his father in being chairman of Sears from 1932 until 1939, then dedicating himself full-time to collecting rare books and art. In 1943, he pledged to donate his collections of rare books and art. After his death, 2,600 rare books and 5,000 reference books were given to the Library of Congress, which remains one of the most distinguished collections in the Rare Books and Special Collections division. Additionally, 27,000 prints and drawings were donated to the National Gallery of Art. He was one of the founding donors of the National Gallery of Art when it opened in 1941. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1947. In 1943, Rosenwald accepted the invitation to become President of the American Council for Judaism, an association of anti-Zionist Reform Jews, a position he held until 1955; after that he remained chairman of the board.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=21030.0,21060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Council for Judaism (ACJ) is an organization of American Jews committed to the proposition that Jews are not a nationality but merely a religious group, adhering to the original stated principles of Reform Judaism. The ACJ was founded in June 1942 by a group of Reform rabbis who opposed the direction of their movement, including, but not limited to, the issue of Zionism.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=21030.0,21060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Jewish Congress is as an association of Jewish Americans organized to defend Jewish interests at home and abroad through public policy advocacy, using diplomacy, legislation, and the courts. It was established in 1918 as an alternative to the American Jewish Committee, which was dominated by the German-Jewish establishment.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=21150.0,21180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Jewish Committee (AJC) was founded in 1906 to safeguard the welfare and security of Jews worldwide. It is one of the oldest Jewish advocacy organizations in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=21150.0,21180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Anti-Defamation League (ADL) was founded in 1913 “to stop the defamation of the Jewish people and to secure justice and fair treatment to all.” ADL fights antisemitism and all forms of bigotry, defends democratic ideals, and protects civil rights.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=21150.0,21180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eInterviewer refers to three conflicts between 1950 and 1980, the first is the second Arab-Israeli war, also known as the Suez War, broke out on October 29, 1956, when Israel invaded Egypt’s Sinai Peninsula. In 1956, the President of Egypt, Gamal Abdel Nasser, nationalized the Suez Canal, a vital waterway connecting Europe and Asia that was largely owned by French and British concerns. France and Britain responded by striking a deal with Israel—whose ships were barred from using the canal and whose southern port of Elat had been blockaded by Egypt—wherein Israel would invade Egypt; France and Britain would then intervene, ostensibly as peacemakers, and take control of the canal. In five days, the Israeli army captured Gaza, Rafaḥ, and Al-Arish—taking thousands of prisoners—and occupied most of the peninsula east of the Suez Canal. In December, after the joint Anglo-French intervention, a UN Emergency Force was stationed in the area, and Israeli forces withdrew in March 1957. Egypt dropped the blockade of Elat. A UN buffer force was placed in the Sinai Peninsula. The second conflict is the Six-Day War was fought between June 5 and 10, 1967 by Israel and the neighboring states of Egypt (known at the time as the United Arab Republic), Jordan, and Syria. Relations between Israel and its neighbors had never fully normalized following the 1948 War of Independence and in the period leading up to June 1967 tensions became heightened. As a result, Israel launched a series of preemptive airstrikes against Egyptian airfields on June 5 following the mobilization of Egyptian forces along the Israeli border in the Sinai Peninsula. The outcome was swift and decisive. Israel took control of the Gaza Strip and the Sinai Peninsula from Egypt, the West Bank and East Jerusalem from Jordan, and the Golan Heights from Syria. The Sinai was returned but the other territories were incorporated into Israel. The third conflict is the Yom Kippur War was fought by the coalition of Arab states led by Egypt and Syria against Israel from October 6 to 25, 1973. The Arabs launched a surprise attack on Yom Kippur, the holiest day in Judaism. Egyptian and Syrian forces crossed ceasefire lines to enter the Sinai Peninsula and the Golan Heights, which had been captured by Israel in the 1967 Six Day War. The Israelis managed to halt the Egyptian offensive and then forced them back to the pre­war lines. After the cease fire the Israelis withdrew from the Sinai Peninsula.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=21180.0,21210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDwight David Eisenhower (1890-1969) was the 34th President of the United States, serving from 1953 until 1961. Eisenhower was born in Texas and graduated from West Point in 1915. He was a five-star general in the United States Army during World War II and served as Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces in Europe, headquartered in Reims, France. Eisenhower was a moderate conservative who continued New Deal agencies and expanded Social Security. He signed the Civil Rights Act of 1957, deploying Army troops to enforce federal court orders that integrated schools in Little Rock, Arkansas. His administration is responsible for the development and construction of the American Interstate Highway System and the creation of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). In his farewell address, he expressed his concerns about the dangers of massive military spending, particularly deficit spending and government contracts to private military manufacturers, which he dubbed \"the military-industrial complex\", still a concern expressed by politicians today.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=21210.0,21240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJohn Foster Dulles (1888-1959) was an American politician, lawyer, and diplomat. Dulles served as United States Secretary of State under President Dwight D. Eisenhower from 1953 to 1959 when he resigned due to health reasons. He was a significant figure in the early Cold War era, advocating an aggressive stance against communism throughout the world.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=21210.0,21240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGamal Abdel Nasser Hussein (1918-1970) was an Egyptian military officer and politician who served as the president of Egypt from 1954 to 1970. Nasser led the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, and later gained popularity after nationalizing the Suez Canal Company and Egypt’s victory in the Second Arab–Israeli war. Following defeat by Israel in the Six-Day War, Nasser resigned in 1967. He returned to office shortly after, and in 1968 appointed himself prime minister and launched the War of Attrition. Nasser died in 1970, and his political career was marked by criticism of his authoritarian leadership and frequent conflict within the Arab states.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=21210.0,21240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCairo is the capital and largest city of Egypt, part of the largest urban area in Africa, the Arab world, and the Middle East. Cairo is associated with ancient Egypt because of its proximity to the pyramids of Giza and the ancient cities of Memphis and Heliopolis. Cairo is considered the center of the region’s political and cultural life, with the oldest and largest film and music industries in the Arab world.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=21210.0,21240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWashington D.C. is the United States capital. The city sits on the Potomac River and borders Maryland and Virginia. The city is home to the three branches of the federal government including the Capitol, the White House, and the Supreme Court. It is also home to various well-known museums and performing arts venues such as the Kennedy Center.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=21240.0,21270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLikely refers to the 1982 Lebanon War began that on 6 June 1982, when the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) invaded southern Lebanon. The invasion followed a series of attacks and counter-attacks between the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) operating in southern Lebanon and the IDF that had caused civilian casualties on both sides of the border. The military operation was launched after gunmen from the Abu Nidal Organization attempted to assassinate Shlomo Argov, Israel's ambassador to the United Kingdom. The war is considered to have ended when Israeli forces withdrew from Southern Lebanon in 1985. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=21270.0,21300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJerusalem is located in western Asia and is one of the oldest cities in the world. It is considered to be a holy city for the religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Both Israel and Palestine claim Jerusalem as their capital. The status of the city remains one of the core issues in the on-going Israeli-Palestinian conflict.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=21330.0,21360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMoral Majority was an American political organization associated with the Christian right and the Republican Party. It was founded in 1979 by Baptist minister Jerry Falwell Sr. and dissolved in the late 1980’s. It played a key role in the mobilization of conservative Christians as a political force, particularly in Republican presidential victories throughout the 1980’s.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=21840.0,21870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJerry Lamon Falwell, Sr. (1933-2007) was an American evangelical Southern Baptist pastor, televangelist, and a conservative political commentator. He was known for his stance against homosexuality as well as for his strong pro-Israel stand, sometimes referred to as “Christian Zionism.” He was the founding pastor of the Thomas Road Baptist Church, a megachurch in Lynchburg, Virginia. He founded Lynchburg Christian Academy (now Liberty Christian Academy) in 1967 and Liberty University in 1971. He co-founded the Moral Majority, which became one of the largest political lobby groups for evangelical Christians in the United States during the 1980s.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=21870.0,21900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBoston, Massachusetts is the capital and largest city in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The city was founded in 1630 by Puritan settlers. During the American Revolution, the city was the location of various key events including the Boston Tea Party, the Boston Massacre, and the siege of Boston.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=22020.0,22050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCharleston, South Carolina is a port city that was founded in 1670 and is now the largest city in South Carolina. It was originally known as Charles Town and sits at an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean formed by the Ashley, Cooper, and Wando rivers. The city was a major slave trading port in the 18th century. The American Civil War started in Charleston Harbor with the Confederate army firing on the Union’s Fort Sumter.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=22020.0,22050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe First National Bank of Atlanta, also called First Atlanta, was a successor institution to Atlanta National Bank, which was federally chartered in September 1865, after the American Civil War. The First National Bank of Atlanta was the largest commercial bank in the southeastern United States for several years in the mid-twentieth century, as measured by bank deposits.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=22020.0,22050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHaym Salomon (born Chaim Salomon; 1740-1785) was a Jewish businessman and political financial broker who immigrated to New York City from Poland during the period of the American Revolution. He helped convert French loans into ready cash by selling bills of exchange for Robert Morris, the Superintendent of Finance. In this way he aided the Continental Army and was possibly, along with Morris, the prime financier of the American side during the American Revolutionary War against Great Britain.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=22230.0,22260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Touro Synagogue or Congregation Jeshuat is a synagogue built in 1763 in Newport, Rhode Island. It is the oldest synagogue building still standing in the United States, the only surviving synagogue building in the U.S. dating to the colonial era, and the oldest surviving Jewish synagogue building in North America. In 1946, it was declared a National Historic Site. The first congregation was made up of Sephardic Jews, who are believed to have migrated from Amsterdam and London to Brazil and then to islands in the Caribbean. In the late eighteenth century, when warfare threatened, the congregation transferred the deed and \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e scrolls to Congregation Shearith Israel in New York for safekeeping. Since the late 19th century, the congregants have been primarily Ashkenazi.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=22230.0,22260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWalter Marty Schirra Jr. ( 1923-2007) was an American naval aviator, test pilot, and NASA astronaut. In 1959, he became one of the original seven astronauts chosen for Project Mercury, which was the United States' first effort to put humans into space. On October 3, 1962, he flew the six-orbit, nine-hour, Mercury-Atlas 8 mission, in a spacecraft he nicknamed Sigma 7, becoming the fifth American and ninth human to travel into space. Before becoming an astronaut, Schirra graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree from the United States Naval Academy in 1945 and served at sea during World War II. In 1948, he became a naval aviator, served as a fighter pilot, and flew 90 combat missions in the Korean War, and then in 1958 he graduated from the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School. Schirra retired from the Navy in 1969 with the rank of captain. Schirra was the first astronaut to go into space three times and was the only astronaut to have flown into space in the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo programs. After Apollo 7, he retired as a captain from the U.S. Navy as well as from NASA, subsequently becoming a consultant to CBS News in the network's coverage of following Apollo flights.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=22350.0,22380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWilliam Franklin Graham Jr. (1918-2018) was an American evangelist, an ordained Southern Baptist minister, and civil rights advocate whose broadcast and live sermons became well-known internationally in the mid-to-late 20th century. During a career spanning six decades, Graham was a prominent evangelical Christian figure in the United States. Graham hosted the radio show Hour of Decision from 1950 to 1954. He repudiated racial segregation and later invited Martin Luther King Jr. to preach jointly at a revival in New York City in 1957. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=22350.0,22380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRichard Brevard Russell Jr. (1897-1971) was an American politician. He served as the 66th Governor of Georgia from 1931 to 1933 before serving in the United States Senate for almost 40 years, from 1933 to 1971. Russell was a founder and leader of the conservative coalition and at his death was the most senior member of the Senate. He was the leader of Southern opposition to the civil rights movement and supported racial segregation. He co-authored the Southern Manifesto with Strom Thurmond. Russell and 17 fellow Democratic Senators, along with one Republican, blocked the passage of civil rights legislation via the filibuster. After President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 into law, Russell led a Southern boycott of the 1964 Democratic National Convention.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=22350.0,22380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAtlanta Gas Light Company (AGLC), commonly still known as Atlanta Gas Light (AGL), is the largest natural gas wholesaler in the Southeast United States. It was founded in 1856 and is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=22380.0,22410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBenjamin Elijah Mays (1894-1984) was a Baptist minister and American rights leader who is credited with laying the intellectual foundations of the American civil rights movement. Mays taught and mentored many influential activists, including Martin Luther King Jr, Julian Bond, Maynard Jackson, and Donn Clendenon. His rhetoric and intellectual pursuits focused on Black self-determination. He was president of Morehouse College, a historically black institution of higher learning, in Atlanta, from 1940 to 1967. During his time as president, the college's financial endowment doubled, enrollment quadrupled, and it became academically competitive. Mays stepped down from the Morehouse presidency in 1967 continuing to work as a leader in the African American community through national social tours. He presided over the Atlanta Board of Education from 1969 to 1978, where he initiated the racial desegregation of Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=22410.0,22440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRufus Early Clement (1900-1967) was an academic administrator and university president. He served as the sixth and longest-serving president of the historically black Atlanta University, now Clark Atlanta University. Clement began his career as a professor and then dean of Livingstone College in Salisbury. Clement then served as the first dean of Louisville Municipal College, now known as Simmons College of Kentucky. In 1937, he was named president of Atlanta University, a position which he held until his death some thirty years later. In 1953, Clement was elected to the Atlanta School Board, having become the first black person since Reconstruction to hold public office in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=22410.0,22440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAtlanta University a historically black college was founded in 1865 in Atlanta Georgia. It was the first graduate institution in the United States to award degrees to African Americans and the first to award bachelor’s degrees to African Americans in the South. Clark College was founded in 1869 and was the first four-year liberal arts college to serve African American students. The two universities consolidated in 1988 and formed Clark Atlanta University.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=22440.0,22470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMorehouse College is a private historically black men’s liberal arts college in Atlanta, Georgia. The college was established in 1867, two years after the Civil War ended. Originally named Augusta Institute, it was founded to educate black men in theology. In 1879, the institute moved to Atlanta and changed its name to the Atlanta Baptist Seminary. In 1913, it was renamed Morehouse College after Henry L. Morehouse, corresponding secretary of the American Baptist Home Mission Society.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=22440.0,22470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRobert Tyre Jones Jr. (1902-1971) was an American amateur golfer who was one of the most influential figures in the history of the sport; he was also a lawyer by profession. Jones founded and helped design the Augusta National Golf Club and co-founded the Masters Tournament. golf tournament in the world. Jones is most famous for his unique \"Grand Slam,\" in 1930, consisting of his victory in all four major golf tournaments of his era in a single calendar year. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=22440.0,22470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBuckhead is an area located northwest of Downtown Atlanta with gracious homes, elegant hotels, shopping centers, restaurants, and high-rise condominium and office buildings. It is a major commercial and financial center of the Southeast, and it is the third-largest business district in Atlanta, behind Downtown and Midtown.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=22440.0,22470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRobert Winship Woodruff (1889-1985) was the president of The Coca-Cola Company from 1923 until 1954. With a large net worth, he was also a major philanthropist, and many educational and cultural landmarks in the city of Atlanta, Georgia, bear his name. Included among these are the Woodruff Arts Center, Woodruff Park, and the Robert W. Woodruff Library. In 1979, he and his brother, George Woodruff, gave Emory University $105 million, the first nine-figure gift to any institution of higher education.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=22470.0,22500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJoseph W. Jones (1912-2005) was the executive assistant to Robert W. Woodruff and senior vice president of the Coca-Cola Company, and a member of its board of directors. In 1972, Jones began chairing Woodruff’s Trebor Foundation, later renamed the Robert W. Woodruff Foundation. Jones also chaired two closely related charities, the Joseph B. Whitehead Foundation and the Lettie Pate Evans Foundation. Jones joined the Coca-Cola Export Co. in 1935 and transferred to the Coca-Cola Co. two years later. He officially retired in 1986 but stayed on as an adviser until his death, making him the longest-serving employee in the company's history.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=22500.0,22530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Coca-Cola Company is an American multinational corporation founded in 1892, best known as the producer of the soft drink Coca-Cola. The drink industry company also manufactures, sells, and markets other non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups, and alcoholic beverages. Coca-Cola was created in the late 19th century as an alcohol-free or temperance drink by John Stith Pemberton in Atlanta, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=22500.0,22530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Abe Goldstein Human Relations Award is an award given by the Anti-Defamation League Southeast Region starting in 1966 to honor community involvement. It was named to honor Abe Goldstein (1989-1982) who was a businessman and Jewish community leader.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=22650.0,22680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eStuart Lewengrub (1937-1995) was regional director of the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) of B'nai B'rith for 26 years. Lewengrub played a central role in posthumously overturning the conviction of Leo Frank in 1986, a Jewish factory manager who was wrongfully convicted and sentenced to death for the 1913 murder of a 13-year-old girl from Marietta, Ga. When the governor commuted his sentence to life, Frank was abducted from a state prison farm and hanged by local residents. The Stuart Lewengrub Torch of Liberty Award is given in his honor by the ADL. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=22680.0,22710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDurham is located in Piedmont region North Carolina and the fourth most populous city in the state. It is part of the area known as the Research Triangle Region, which includes Durham, Raleigh, and Chapel Hill. The area is home to three major research universities including North Carolina University, Duke University, and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=22800.0,22830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e“Meet the Press” is a weekly American television Sunday morning talk show broadcasted on NBC. It is the longest-running program on American television, its debut episode was on November 6, 1947. “Meet the Press” specializes in interviews with leaders in Washington, D.C., across the country, and around the world on issues of politics, economics, foreign policy, and other public affairs, along with panel discussions that provide opinions and analysis. The program has been hosted by 12 moderators, beginning with creator Martha Rountree. The show's current moderator is Kristen Welker, who became moderator in September 2023 following longtime moderator Chuck Todd’s departure. The program is syndicated by Westwood One to various radio stations around the United States and is on C-SPAN Radio as part of its replays of the Sunday morning talk shows.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=23010.0,23040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e“Face the Nation” is a weekly news and morning public affairs program airing Sundays on the CBS radio and television network. The program was created by Frank Stanton in 1954 and is one of the longest-running news programs in the history of television. Typically, the program features interviews with prominent American officials, politicians, and authors. Margaret Brennan has been the moderator of “Face the Nation” since 2018, though former host John Dickerson substituted during Brennan's maternity leave in spring and summer 2021. In 2017, “Face the Nation's” audience was the largest of all Sunday public affairs programs, with an average of 3.538 million viewers. NBC competitor “Meet the Press” closely competed for the title in 2018, besting “Face the Nation's” audience for several months.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=23010.0,23040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWinder is a city in Barrow County, Georgia. It is located east of Atlanta and is part of the Atlanta metropolitan area. The Georgia General Assembly incorporated Winder in 1893. The community was named after John H. Winder, a railroad builder.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=23010.0,23040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Civil Rights Act (PL 88-352) was enacted on July 2, 1964. It outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. It ended unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the workplace, and by facilities that served the general public.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=23070.0,23100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn the United States, \"Pullman\" was used to refer to railroad sleeping cars that operated on most United States railroads by the Pullman Company (founded by George Pullman) from 1867 to 1968.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=23160.0,23190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCarl Edward Sanders (1925-2014) was a lawyer and politician who served as the 74th governor of Georgia from 1963 to 1967. He served in the United States Air Force during World War II, studying law after his service. In 1967, he and his colleagues formed the law firm Troutman, Sanders, Lockerman \u0026amp; Ashmore. The firm was renamed Troutman Sander in 1992, and by his death in 2014, the firm included 600 lawyers. As governor, he encouraged the construction and expansion of airports in the state, and in 1997 he was recognized for his efforts by being inducted into the Georgia Aviation Hall of Fame.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=23160.0,23190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJames Earl “Jimmy” Carter Jr. (1924- ) was the 39th President of the United States from 1977 to 1981. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served as a Georgia State Senator from 1963 to 1967 and as the 76th governor of Georgia from 1971 to 1975. Founder of the Carter Center, he was awarded the 2002 Nobel Peace Prize for work to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development. He is the author of numerous books, including Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid (2006), An Hour Before Daylight (2001) and Our Endangered Values (2005).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=23160.0,23190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHafiz al-Assad (1930-2000) was a Syrian politician, military officer, and revolutionary who served as the 18th president of Syria from 1971 until his death in 2000. He previously served as prime minister of Syria from 1970 to 1971, as well as regional secretary of the regional command of the Syrian regional branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party and secretary general of the National Command of the Ba'ath Party from 1970 to 2000. Hafiz al-Assad was a key participant in the 1963 Syrian coup d'état which brought the Syrian regional branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party to power in the country. The new leadership appointed Hafiz as the commander of the Syrian Air Force. In February 1966, Hafiz participated in a second coup, which toppled the traditional leaders of the Ba'ath Party. Hafiz was appointed defense minister by the new government. Four years later, Hafiz initiated a third coup which ousted the de facto leader Salah Jadid and appointed himself the leader of Syria. Hafiz sided with the Soviet Union and the Eastern Bloc during the Cold War in return for support in conflicts against Israel, including the Six-Day War and the Yom Kippur War. Hafiz appointed his younger son Bashar and when Hafiz died in 2000, Bashar subsequently succeeded him as president. Under his rule, the country would later collapse into civil war.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=23370.0,23400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Camp David Accords were two political agreements signed by President Jimmy Carter, Egyptian President Anwar Sadat, and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin in September 1978, following twelve days of secret negotiations at Camp David, the country retreat of the President of the United States in Maryland. The Accords established a framework for a historic peace treaty concluded between Israel and Egypt in March 1979. President Carter and the U.S. Government played leading roles in creating the opportunity for this agreement to occur. Sadat and Begin were awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1978 for their contributions to the agreements. The first framework (A Framework for Peace in the Middle East), which dealt with the Palestinian territories, was written without the participation of the Palestinians and was condemned by the United Nations.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=23430.0,23460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMuhammad Anwar El Sadat (1918-1981) was the third President of Egypt, serving from 15 October 1970 until his assassination by fundamentalist army officers on 6 October 1981. Sadat was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace for his diplomatic efforts that culminated in a peace treaty with Israel in 1979. His moderate policies and relationship with the West generated considerable domestic opposition. Sadat became the first Arab leader ever to visit the state of Israel in 1977. On November 9, 1977, Sadat had offered to travel to Israel during a speech to his parliament. Israel’s Prime Minister Menachem Begin issued an official invitation and, on November 20, 1977, Sadat addressed the Israeli Knesset. The gesture was significant for breaking an Arab policy of not dealing publicly with the Jewish state created in 1948.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=23430.0,23460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDon Elliot Heald (1922-2009) was the manager of WSB-TV during the \"Golden Age\" of television. He is credited with helping build WSB into the leading television station in Atlanta. Heald graduated from the University of Florida in 1947 and began his career at WRUF in Gainesville, Florida. He then took a job at WSB radio and then moved to WSB-TV. He was inducted into the Georgia Broadcasters Hall of Fame in 1997.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=23640.0,23670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe George Foster Peabody Awards, named for the American businessman and philanthropist George Peabody, honor what are described as the most powerful, enlightening, and invigorating stories in television, radio, and online media. The awards were conceived by the National Association of Broadcasters in 1938 as the radio industry's equivalent of the Pulitzer Prizes. Programs are recognized in seven categories: news, entertainment, documentaries, children's programming, education, interactive programming, and public service. Peabody Award winners include radio and television stations, networks, online media, producing organizations, and individuals from around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=23970.0,24000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBroadcasting \u0026amp; Cable (or Broadcasting+Cable) is a monthly telecommunications industry trade magazine founded in 1931 and published by Future US. Previous names include Broadcasting-Telecasting, Broadcasting and Broadcast Advertising, and Broadcasting. Broadcasting \u0026amp; Cable, which was published biweekly until January 1941, and weekly thereafter, covers programming, advertising, regulation, technology, finance, and news about television in the U.S. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=24060.0,24090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBroadcast Music, Inc. (BMI) is a performance rights organization in the United States. It collects blanket license fees from businesses that use music, entitling those businesses to play or sync any songs from BMI's repertoire of over 22.4 million musical works. Every quarter, BMI distributes the money to songwriters, composers, and music publishers as royalties to those members whose works have been performed. The company was founded in 1939 and today its repertoire includes over 1.4 million songwriters and 22.4 million compositions. BMI is the biggest performing rights organization in the United States and is one of the largest such organizations in the world.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=24090.0,24120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRandom House is an American book publisher and the largest general-interest paperback publisher in the world. It has several independently managed subsidiaries around the world. It is part of Penguin Random House, which is owned by German media conglomerate Bertelsmann. Random House was founded in 1927 by Bennett Cerf and Donald Klopfer.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=24360.0,24390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOxford University Press is the university press of the University of Oxford. It is the largest university press in the world. The press is located on Walton Street, Oxford, opposite Somerville College, in the inner suburb of Jericho. For the last 400 years, Oxford University Press has focused primarily on the publication of pedagogical texts and continues this tradition today by publishing academic journals, dictionaries, English language resources, bibliographies, books on Indology, music, classics, literature, history, as well as bibles and atlases.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=24360.0,24390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRevell Publishing Company is a publishing company started in the late 1800’s by D. L. Moody and Fleming H. Revell. The company publishes books related to Christian living, self-help, marriage, family, youth books, and fiction.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=24510.0,24540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eMarietta Daily Journal\u003c/em\u003e is a daily newspaper published in Marietta, Georgia. It is the primary local newspaper of Cobb County, second only to the \u003cem\u003eAtlanta Journal-Constitution,\u003c/em\u003e which covers all of metro Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=24840.0,24870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Fulton County Board of Commissioners is the governing board of Fulton County, Georgia. The board is made up of seven- members who are elected to four-year terms. Six members of the board are district commissioners and the Chairman is an At-Large position that represents the entire county.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=25680.0,25710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA desperate or reckless person, especially a criminal.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=25830.0,25860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJudy Gaulden Van Cantfort (1934-2016) worked for Cox Broadcasting at WSB Radio in Atlanta for over 30 years. She was the daughter of Carl and Mabel Gaulden and was born in Sylacauga, Alabama. Cantfort was raised in Atlanta and graduated from Druid Hills High School. She was active in volunteer work at Punta Gorda Hospital in Punta Gorda, FL, Meals on Wheels, and Feed the Hungry at First Presbyterian Church in LaGrange, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=26130.0,26160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAndrew Jackson Young (b. 1932) is an American politician, diplomat, activist and pastor from Georgia. He has served as a Congressman from Georgia's 5th congressional district, the United States Ambassador to the United Nations, and Mayor of Atlanta. He served as President of the National Council of Churches USA, was a member of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) during the 1960s Civil Rights Movement, and was a supporter and friend of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=26340.0,26370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLee Patrick Brown (b. 1937) is an American politician, criminologist and businessman. He became the first African-American to be elected mayor of Houston, Texas in 1997. Brown has had a long career in law enforcement and academia; leading police departments in Atlanta, Houston and New York over the course of nearly four decades. After serving as Public Safety Commissioner of Atlanta, Georgia, he was appointed in 1982 as the first African-American police chief in Houston, Texas.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=26400.0,26430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorge Napper (1939-2020) was the first African American Chief of the Atlanta Police Department in 1978 and the first head of Georgia’s Department of Children and Youth Services. Napper led the Atlanta Police Department during the Child Murders crisis. He created a white-collar crime unit and special investigations section and was named Atlanta’s public safety director in 1982. He was also one of the founders of the National Organization of Black Law Enforcement Executives. He was raised in Auburn, California, served in the U.S. Marine Corps, and graduated with a doctoral degree in criminology from the University of California at Berkeley. He taught sociology at Spelman College and psychology at Emory University.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=26400.0,26430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWayne Bertram Williams (b. 1958) is a convicted murderer and suspected serial killer who is serving life imprisonment for the 1981 killings of two men in Atlanta, Georgia. Although never tried for the additional murders, he is also believed to be responsible for at least 24 of the 30 Atlanta murders from 1979 to 1981, also known as the Atlanta Child Murders.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=26430.0,26460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil Rights Movement encompasses social movements in the United States whose goal was to end racial segregation and discrimination against Black Americans and enforce constitutional voting rights to them. The movement was characterized by major campaigns of civil resistance. Between 1955 and 1968, acts of nonviolent protest and civil disobedience produced crisis situations between activists and government authorities. Noted legislative achievements during this phase of the Civil Rights Movement were passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the Immigration and Nationality Services Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=26520.0,26550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMartin Luther King Sr. (1899-1984) was the father of Martin Luther King Jr. He was a Baptist pastor, missionary and an early figure in the Civil Rights Movement.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=26520.0,26550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCharles Wittenstein (1928-2013) was an Atlanta attorney who contributed over three decades of service to the Jewish community and social justice causes. While working with the American Jewish Committee, he worked to desegregate public accommodations, schools, private and public hospitals in Atlanta. He performed evaluations for the United States Health, Education \u0026amp; Welfare Department throughout the South to ensure hospitals qualified for Medicare by complying with the civil rights act of 1964. In 1973, Charles became the Southern Civil Rights Director and Southern Counsel for the Anti-Defamation League. Among his numerous contributions of historical importance were his efforts in securing the posthumous pardon for Leo Frank, an Atlanta Jewish businessman who was convicted of murder in 1913 and lynched by a mob in Marietta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=26640.0,26670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJewish Federation of Greater Atlanta is a regional branch of Jewish Federations of North America. It is an organization that focuses on serving the Atlanta Jewish community through philanthropic endeavors such as supporting infrastructure, including schools and synagogues. Federation supports the Jewish community but also welcomes people of various backgrounds, including interfaith, LGBT+, and multiracial people and families.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=26850.0,26880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLeo Max Frank (1884-1915) was a Jewish factory superintendent in Atlanta, Georgia. In 1913, he was accused of raping and murdering one of his employees, a 13-year-old girl named Mary Phagan, whose body was found on the premises of the National Pencil Company. Frank was arrested, tried, convicted and sentenced to death for her murder. The trial was the catalyst for a great outburst of antisemitism led by the populist Tom Watson and the center of powerful class and political interests. Frank was sent to Milledgeville State Penitentiary to await his execution. Governor John M. Slaton, believing there had been a miscarriage of justice, commuted Frank’s sentence to life in prison. This enraged a group of men who styled themselves the “Knights of Mary Phagan.” They drove to the prison, kidnapped Frank from his cell and drove him to Marietta, Georgia where they lynched him. Many years later, the murderer was revealed to be Jim Conley, who had lied in the trial, pinning it on Frank instead. Frank was pardoned on March 11, 1986, although they stopped short of exonerating him.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=26880.0,26910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe 1958 bombing of the Bethel Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama was an act of domestic terrorism carried out by lawyer, white supremacist, neo-Nazi, and segregationist politician, J.B. Stoner. Stoner was not indicted until 1977 and in 1980, he was found guilty and sentenced to ten years in prison. Prosecutors suspected that Stoner perpetrated as many as a dozen other bombings attributed to the \"Confederate Underground\"; these included the bombings or attempted bombings of numerous synagogues in the American South.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=27030.0,27060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Soviet Jewry Movement was a human rights campaign that advocated for the right of Jews in the Soviet Union to emigrate. A protest movement on behalf of Soviet Jewry spread throughout the United States during the 1960s and 1970s in response to the closure of synagogues, imprisonment and execution of Jewish leaders, and antisemitism experienced by Soviet Jews. When Soviet performers visited the United States, Jewish pickets demanding rights for Soviet Jews often greeted them.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=27240.0,27270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHamilton Jordan (1944-2008) was an American politician and advisor to Jimmy Carter in the years leading up to his presidency. He also served as Chief of Staff under President Jimmy Carter. Hamilton was born in North Carolina, grew up in Georgia. He attended the University of Georgia and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in political science in 1967. He worked as a civilian volunteer during the Vietnam War, assisting refugees. It is believed his exposure to Agent Orange during this time was the cause of his recurring battles with cancer later in life. In 1986, he ran for one of Georgia’s seats in the United States Senate, ultimately losing. Hamilton was married to pediatric oncology nurse, Dorothy Jordon, from 1981 until his death in 2008, together they had three children and founded two camps for children affected by cancer and type 1 diabetes.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=27600.0,27630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJoseph Lester \"Jody\" Powell, Jr. (1943-2009) was an American political advisor who served as a White House press secretary during Jimmy Carter’s presidency. Powell later co-founded a public relations firm. Powell received his bachelor’s degree from Georgia State University and Master of Arts from Emory University. Powell served as White House press secretary for Carter's entire term as president.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=27630.0,27660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization established in 1945 to promote international cooperation. The organization was created following World War II to prevent another such conflict. Its objectives include maintaining international peace and security, promoting human rights, fostering social and economic development, protecting the environment, and providing humanitarian aid in cases of famine, natural disaster, and armed conflict. The headquarters of the United Nations is in New York City.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=27630.0,27660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Community Relations Commission (ACRC) was a community action group created in 1966 by the City of Atlanta. The group was charged with investigating discrimination and race relations in Atlanta, reporting recommendations to the Mayor of Atlanta to improve relations in the city. The group served as a direct liaison between city hall and groups in the Atlanta community, and they held regular town halls to \"hear residents’ concerns, take them to city officials and departments, returning to each neighborhood thirty days later to report on actions taken, thereby creating continuous discussions where residents saw results from their voiced concerns\". The commission addressed wide-ranging instances of discrimination, from school desegregation to trailer camps. The Commission's first LGBT representative was appointed in June 1972.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=27660.0,27690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIrving Kohlman Kaler (1919-1986) was born in Pittsburgh, but moved to Atlanta with his family in 1921. He attended Washington and Lee University and graduated from the Lamar School of Law at Emory University. He became the national president of AZA at age 23. He was a World War II Navy war veteran and was youth consultant to Eleanor Roosevelt during the early part of the war. He was honored with the “Outstanding Young Man of the Year” award by the Jaycees, “The Man of the Year\" award by the Jewish War Veterans, the Abe Goldstein Human Relations Awards from the Anti-Defamation League (ADL), and voted “Outstanding Citizen” by the Gate City Lodge of B’nai B’rith. He was a founding partner in the law firm of Kaler, Karesh and Frankel. He was the first chairman of the Atlanta Community Relations Committee. He was also on the executive committee for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and involved with the Urban League.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=27660.0,27690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDr. Samuel Williams (1912-1970) was a civil rights leader, teacher, and preacher. He joined the Morehouse College faculty in 1946 and was Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s philosophy professor at Morehouse. Williams was the fourth pastor of Friendship Baptist Church, serving during the critical period of desegregation in Atlanta and the United States (1954-1970). He was a founder of SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference), President of the Atlanta NAACP, and chairman of the Atlanta Human Relations Commission.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=27690.0,27720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) is an umbrella Palestinian nationalist coalition that is internationally recognized as the official representative of the Palestinian people. It was formed in 1964 to centralize the leadership of Palestine and establish an Arab state over the entire territory of the former Mandatory Palestine, advocating the elimination of the State of Israel. It came into prominence after the Six-Day War of June 1967 and engaged in a protracted guerrilla war against Israel during the 1960’s, 1970’s, and 1980’s. However, in 1993, the PLO recognized Israeli sovereignty with the Oslo I Accord, and now only seeks Arab statehood in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=27780.0,27810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLouis Farrakhan, Sr. (born Louis Eugene Wolcott, 1933) is the leader of the religious group Nation of Islam (NOI). He has been criticized for remarks that have been perceived as antisemitic and anti-white. Farrakhan disputes this view of his ideology.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=27810.0,27840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCarol Muldawer was a member of Andrew Young's staff. Muldawer served in Ambassador Young’s Congressional Office, was his administrative assistant in the Mayor’s Office, and served on each of his campaigns. She is also a founding member of the PATH Foundation Board.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=27900.0,27930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Democratic National Committee (DNC) is the principal committee of the United States Democratic Party. The committee coordinates strategy to support Democratic Party candidates throughout the country for local, state, and national office, as well as works to establish a \"party brand\". It organizes the Democratic National Convention held every four years to nominate a candidate for President of the United States and to formulate the party platform. While it provides support for party candidates, it does not have direct authority over elected officials. Its chair is elected by the committee. It conducts fundraising to support its activities. The DNC was established on May 26, 1848, at that year's Democratic National Convention.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=27990.0,28020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAtlantic City, sometimes referred to by its initials A.C., is a Jersey Shore seaside resort city in Atlantic County, New Jersey. Located in South Jersey on Absecon Island, the city is prominently known for its casinos, nightlife, boardwalk, and Atlantic Ocean beaches and coastline. Atlantic City inspired the U.S. version of the board game Monopoly, which uses various Atlantic City street names and destinations in the game. New Jersey voters legalized casino gambling in Atlantic City in 1976, and the first casino opened two years later. Atlantic City had been the home of the Miss America pageant from 1921 to 2004, which later returned to the city from 2013 to 2018.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=27990.0,28020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJerry Cooper (b. 1930) is an architect and member of the Atlanta Jewish community. He studied architecture at the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech) beginning in 1948 and joined the Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps (NROTC). He graduated at the top of his class and received the American Institute of Architects (AIA) Student Medal for Excellence in Architecture. Following his graduation from Georgia Tech, he went into the Navy as an officer. Jerry married his wife Jean on December 29, 1957, in Kinston, North Carolina. They have three children together, David, Sandy, and Beth, and four grandchildren. He worked as the lead designer for Atlanta firm Heery \u0026amp; Heery before starting his own firm, Cooper Carry, with partner Walter Carry. His architecture firm, Cooper Carry, has achieved levels of national prominence under his leadership. Jerry has been honored with the Bernard B. Rothschild Award, the highest award granted by AIA Georgia, as well as the Ivan Allen Award for Community Service.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=28200.0,28230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSylvia [Kanter] Kaler (1931-2018) was a dancer, teacher, and member of the Atlanta Jewish community. She graduated from the Women's College of the University of North Carolina. She was a tap dancer and often performed for local troops and at talent shows. She continued to perform as a music major at Women's College of North Carolina (now The University of North Carolina at Greensboro). After college, she moved to Atlanta and worked as a teacher. In 1960, she married Irving Kohlman Kaler. Following her husband’s death in 1986, she resumed teaching and working as a tour guide. In 1989, she was cast as Beulah in the Academy Award winning movie, “Driving Miss Daisy.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=28230.0,28260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/annotation_set/1263/annotation/1244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eStuart Elliott Eizenstat (b. 1943) is a diplomat and attorney, he held various White House positions under Presidents Carter and Clinton. He served as the United States Ambassador to the European Union from 1993 to 1996 and as the United States Deputy Secretary of the Treasury from 1999 to 2001. He is an advocate for Holocaust restitution and has devoted much of his career to this effort. He received his doctorate from Harvard Law School in 1967. He was married to Frances Eizenstat until her death in 2013, together they had two sons, Jay and Brian.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=28290.0,28320.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/index/81752","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Ellis, Elmo [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/index/81752/annotation/1245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Provides background on his siblings, parents, and grandparents","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=43.0,792.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/index/81752/annotation/1246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Elmo talks about his family and how they came to America. 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","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=43.0,792.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/index/81752/annotation/1248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Armistice Day","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Birmingham, Alabama","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Frank Israel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kobryn, Belarus","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Libby Jeanne Israel Caplan","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"West Blocton, Alabama","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=43.0,792.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/index/81752/annotation/1249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shares about early childhood in West Blocton, his father, and his father's merchandise business","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=792.0,1951.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/index/81752/annotation/1250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Elmo shares about his childhood and how it was impacted by the Great Depression, he also discusses his father and his father's business. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=792.0,1951.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/index/81752/annotation/1251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was a small town. A coal mining town, of approximately 1,000 people. Up until the time I was about eight or ten years old, most of the commercial buildings in town were wooden structures and the main street, on which all these buildings stood, was similar to what you see in pictures of Western towns in Western movies, today. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=792.0,1951.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/index/81752/annotation/1252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Coal mining","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Montgomery, Alabama","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Samuel Israel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tennessee Coal and Iron Company","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Great Depression","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"West Blocton, Alabama","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=792.0,1951.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/index/81752/annotation/1253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Talks about his parents","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=1951.0,2357.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/index/81752/annotation/1254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Elmo talks about his parents and their values. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=1951.0,2357.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/index/81752/annotation/1255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My mother was . . . Both were . . . They were very, very devoted to one another and to their children. We never felt any lack of love. We revered and still do revere the memory of . . . When I say \"we,\" I mean my sister and I both. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=1951.0,2357.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/index/81752/annotation/1256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bertha Seletz Israel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"civic activity","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Samuel Israel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Great Depression","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=1951.0,2357.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/index/81752/annotation/1257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Growing up Jewish","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=2357.0,3152.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/index/81752/annotation/1258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Elmo talks about his experience being Jewish and growing up in a small town. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=2357.0,3152.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/index/81752/annotation/1259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I also grew up, of course, with an awareness of my Jewish heritage. There's a lot of joking about American kids learning most of their Judaism through the food that they eat. I suppose to a considerable extent that was true in my household, too.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=2357.0,3152.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/index/81752/annotation/1260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"antisemitism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B'nai B'rith International","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bar mitzvah","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Birmingham, Alabama","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Christmas","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"High Holy Days","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hillel: The Foundation for Jewish Campus Life","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kosher","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Orthodox Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"West Blocton, Alabama","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"yahrzeit","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=2357.0,3152.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/index/81752/annotation/1261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Celebrating holidays during his childhood","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3152.0,3733.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/index/81752/annotation/1262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Elmo talks about the Jewish holidays his family celebrated and how he felt as a child during Christmas.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3152.0,3733.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/index/81752/annotation/1263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A large number of families apparently would wait until very late to buy presents for their children. Christmas Eve itself was a busy sales time. But when it would come time to close the store on Christmas Eve night, I would already have had my eye on something that I wanted, whether it would be a scooter or a pair of skates or something, and I would ask my dad for it.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3152.0,3733.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/index/81752/annotation/1264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Christmas","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hanukkah","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kosher","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Orthodox Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Passover","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pesach","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Purim","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rosh Hashanah","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Seder","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The High Holidays","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yom Kippur","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3152.0,3733.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/index/81752/annotation/1265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Working in his father's store and race relations in West Blocton","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3733.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/index/81752/annotation/1266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Elmo talks about helping out in his father's store with his siblings and how black people were treated by the businesses in town. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3733.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/index/81752/annotation/1267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I never did as much of it as my brother did. I mentioned my brother had to stay out of college for several years . . . Incidentally, he did eventually go back to college and got his degree, and he was very proud of doing so. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3733.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/index/81752/annotation/1268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"business","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"coal mining","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"race relations","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"segregation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unions","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=3733.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/index/81752/annotation/1269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Early interest in broadcasting","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=4350.0,4747.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/index/81752/annotation/1270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Elmo discusses his first exposure to radio and his early interests in broadcasting and journalism.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=4350.0,4747.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/index/81752/annotation/1271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes. We had a radio by . . . I know we had it by 1928, because I can remember the political campaign of Al Smith and Herbert Hoover. Incidentally, I can remember being very much aware then of prejudice against Smith because he was Catholic. 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","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=20414.0,21191.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/index/81752/annotation/1351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Elmo, I want to go over your family things at another session, wife, children, the family place in the community. But here, if you would, touch on your community role as an individual. 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","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=21191.0,21379.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/index/81752/annotation/1355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Elmo, do you recall . . . Changing the focus a little bit, but staying within the Jewish context still, any of your feelings or impressions in the wake of any of the Arab-Jewish wars? Arab-Israeli wars , in the 1950’s or the 1960’s or the 1970’s? Any feelings, or reactions, or impressions you had? 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","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=24737.0,26085.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/index/81752/annotation/1379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I do follow it. I write a great deal, I write as much now, on a semi-retired, part-time basis, as most full time journalists do. I write a radio commentary five days a week . . . Monday through Friday.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=24737.0,26085.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/index/81752/annotation/1380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Marietta Daily Journal","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Newspaper Columns","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Radio","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"WGST","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Writing","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"WSB","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=24737.0,26085.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/index/81752/annotation/1381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Discusses threatening responses to broadcast programming","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=26085.0,26230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/index/81752/annotation/1382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Elmo discusses a death threat he received that was investigated by the FBI.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=26085.0,26230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/index/81752/annotation/1383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, I think we talked about that . . . where things that I would say on the air would obviously cause people to . . . on the lunatic fringe or the Ku Klux Klan element to call and make threats, and I think I mentioned to you that on one occasion even there was a . . . my life was threatened, and in that instance I let the FBI know, and an agent came out and talked with me and suggested that I be particularly careful for the next few weeks. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=26085.0,26230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/index/81752/annotation/1384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Federal Bureau of Investigation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Judy Gaulden Van Cantfort","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Ku Klux Klan","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=26085.0,26230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/index/81752/annotation/1385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Relationship to Atlanta community leaders","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=26230.0,26743.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/index/81752/annotation/1386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Elmo talks about his relationship to Atlanta community leaders, including black community leaders such as Martin Luther King Jr. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=26230.0,26743.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/index/81752/annotation/1387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Elmo, turn your mind back if you can, I believe it was 1972 when the city of Atlanta had a most unusual election, in that a Jewish candidate ran against a black candidate, Sam Massell against Maynard Jack¬son. 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","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=27964.0,28314.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/index/81752/annotation/1403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We've just been discussing the matter of my delivering a eulogy at the recent funeral of a cousin of mine, who was a prominent lawyer here in town, Irving Kaler. Prominent also, particularly, in Democratic politics.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=27964.0,28314.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/index/81752/annotation/1404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Irving Kaler","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jerry Cooper","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Stuart Eizenstat","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sylvia Kanter Kaler","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Democratic National Committee (DNC)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=27964.0,28314.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/index/81752/annotation/1405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Discusses the importance of valuing the elderly","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=28314.0,28619.25878"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/index/81752/annotation/1406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Elmo discusses the importance of valuing the elderly, especially one's parents. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=28314.0,28619.25878"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/index/81752/annotation/1407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I hope that you do not have to, for many years to come. But I suspect you could, Bob, and I must say that I didn't have, the opportunity, but I think I wouldn't have objected to have done so. Because I had occasion later, when they dedicated a portrait of my father at the Masonic lodge in his hometown, my old hometown, West Blocton, Alabama . . . We were invited back, and then I had occasion to speak about him and it was difficult, but I was glad I could. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=28314.0,28619.25878"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542/index/81752/annotation/1408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Free Masons","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"West Blocton, Alabama","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/117927/file/222542#t=28314.0,28619.25878"}]}]}]}