{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/nv9959cw78/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Stern, George"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2007-04-06 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Stern interviewed by Sandra Berman and Ruth Einstein on April 6, 2007 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eGeorge Stern was born in Brussels, Belgium on February 16, 1937 to Blanche and Albert Stern. When the Germans invaded Belgium in May 1940, his parents and grandparents decided to flee Brussels and headed towards southern France. There, George, his mother and grandmother were interred in the Gurs concentration camp, while his father and Grandfather were interred elsewhere. After a few months, they were all released and reunited. His grandparents returned to Belgium, where they survived the war in hiding.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGeorge and his parents travelled to a small town on the border of Spain. After about a month, they were able to cross the border and settled in Madrid, Spain. After another six months, they were able to cross into Portugal and sailed to Havana, Cuba. After a few months in Cuba, George’s family was able to immigrate to the United States in June 1941. They settled in Nashville, Tennessee, near George’s mother’s extended family.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGeorge attended school in Nashville and graduated in 1955. As a teen, he was active in various youth organizations, including Young Judeae and the Zionist youth movement. He also developed a love of camping. He obtained his BA degree in 1959 and his Juris Doctorate in 1961 from Vanderbilt Law School. In 1961, George became the Southern Director of Young Judaea and the Director of Camp Judaea which required he and Eva to move to Atlanta, GA. He was co-founder of the present location of Camp Judaea in Hendersonville, North Carolina. Two years later, he decided to begin his law career. George practiced law in Atlanta for 50 years, specializing in family law in the practice he founded, Stern and Edlin. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThroughout his life, George was very active in the Jewish community. He chaired numerous committees and served as President at the Marcus Jewish Community Center from 1981-83. He was a founding member of the Temple Sinai congregation, where he served on the board and as Vice President. He also served on the board and as a Vice President of The Amit Program. In addition, George served on the Board of the Breman Jewish Heritage and Holocaust Museum, where was also enjoyed serving as a speaker for student groups.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn 1960, George married Eva Prager, another German Jewish Holocaust survivor. George and Eva had three children and six grandchildren. Eva passed away from cancer in 2000. In 2006, George remarried Margie Okun. George died in Atlanta on July 2, 2014.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eGeorge introduces his family and their life in Belgium until the Germans invaded. He details his family’s thirteen-month journey through Europe and Cuba until he and his family arrived in Nashville, Tennessee. He recounts his grandparents’ experience during World War II. George shares his memories and impressions of growing up in Nashville during the 1940s and 1950s. He recalls his interests throughout school and his lifelong love of camping. George talks about his career as an attorney in Atlanta, founding a new synagogue, and his involvement in the Jewish Community Center. George shares how he met his wife and her experience during World War II. He discusses the role of the Holocaust in his life. George remembers his experiences with local Rabbis and youth groups and camps. The interview closes with George talking about his mother.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28465"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["George Stern (personal name)","Bad Schwalbach (geographic term)","Germany (geographic term)","Frankfurt (geographic term)","Brussels (geographic term)","Zionist (topical term)","Camp Gurs (geographic term)","Kibbutz (topical term)","World War II (named event)","Holocaust (named event)","The Immigration Act of  1924 (named event)","American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (corporate name)","Battle of the Buldge  (named event)","Anne Frank (personal name)","Brown Vs. Board of Education (named event)","Hanukkah (named event)","Vanderbilt University (corporate name)","Camp Judea (corporate name)","Camp Kawage (corporate name)","The Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta (corporate name)","American Jewish Committee (corporate name)","The Amit Program (corporate name)","Ahavath Achim Congregation  (corporate name)","Shanghai (geographic term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Stern interviewed by Sandra Berman and Ruth Einstein on April 6, 2007 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeorge Stern was born in Brussels, Belgium on February 16, 1937 to Blanche and Albert Stern. When the Germans invaded Belgium in May 1940, his parents and grandparents decided to flee Brussels and headed towards southern France. There, George, his mother and grandmother were interred in the Gurs concentration camp, while his father and Grandfather were interred elsewhere. After a few months, they were all released and reunited. His grandparents returned to Belgium, where they survived the war in hiding.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGeorge and his parents travelled to a small town on the border of Spain. After about a month, they were able to cross the border and settled in Madrid, Spain. After another six months, they were able to cross into Portugal and sailed to Havana, Cuba. After a few months in Cuba, George’s family was able to immigrate to the United States in June 1941. They settled in Nashville, Tennessee, near George’s mother’s extended family.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGeorge attended school in Nashville and graduated in 1955. As a teen, he was active in various youth organizations, including Young Judeae and the Zionist youth movement. He also developed a love of camping. He obtained his BA degree in 1959 and his Juris Doctorate in 1961 from Vanderbilt Law School. In 1961, George became the Southern Director of Young Judaea and the Director of Camp Judaea which required he and Eva to move to Atlanta, GA. He was co-founder of the present location of Camp Judaea in Hendersonville, North Carolina. Two years later, he decided to begin his law career. George practiced law in Atlanta for 50 years, specializing in family law in the practice he founded, Stern and Edlin. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThroughout his life, George was very active in the Jewish community. He chaired numerous committees and served as President at the Marcus Jewish Community Center from 1981-83. He was a founding member of the Temple Sinai congregation, where he served on the board and as Vice President. He also served on the board and as a Vice President of The Amit Program. In addition, George served on the Board of the Breman Jewish Heritage and Holocaust Museum, where was also enjoyed serving as a speaker for student groups.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn 1960, George married Eva Prager, another German Jewish Holocaust survivor. George and Eva had three children and six grandchildren. Eva passed away from cancer in 2000. In 2006, George remarried Margie Okun. George died in Atlanta on July 2, 2014.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeorge introduces his family and their life in Belgium until the Germans invaded. He details his family’s thirteen-month journey through Europe and Cuba until he and his family arrived in Nashville, Tennessee. He recounts his grandparents’ experience during World War II. George shares his memories and impressions of growing up in Nashville during the 1940s and 1950s. He recalls his interests throughout school and his lifelong love of camping. George talks about his career as an attorney in Atlanta, founding a new synagogue, and his involvement in the Jewish Community Center. George shares how he met his wife and her experience during World War II. He discusses the role of the Holocaust in his life. George remembers his experiences with local Rabbis and youth groups and camps. The interview closes with George talking about his mother.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/111/319/small/Screen_Shot_2021-04-16_at_10.48.37_AM.png?1618570183","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Stern_George.mp4"]},"duration":4882.878,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/111/319/small/Screen_Shot_2021-04-16_at_10.48.37_AM.png?1618570183","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/111/319/original/Stern_George.mp4?1618492671","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":4882.878,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["George Stern [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Today is April 6, 2007. I am with STERN Stern, who has agreed to be\ninterviewed for the Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Project of the\nWilliam Breman Jewish Heritage Museum. Thank you. I am so glad that you agreed\nto do this. We are very excited about getting some of your memories here on\ntape. I would like to begin by just asking you where you were born and what your\nparents' names were, and get a little bit of background.\n\nSTERN: First of all, I'm glad to be here. I'm glad to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"help in any way I can. I\nwas born in Brussels, Belgium [on] February 19, 1937. My mother's name was\nBlanche Stern. Her maiden name was Levison, L-E-V-I-S-O-N. My father's name was\nAlbert Stern. He had no middle name.\n\nBERMAN: Where were they from originally?\n\nSTERN: My mother was born in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. My father was from a\nlittle resort town a little outside of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Frankfurt called Bad Schwalbach\n[Germany]. I believe it's spelled S-C-H-W-A-L-B-A-C-H. It was a resort town that\npeople came to because they had a lot of health spas, salt, that kind of stuff,\nminerals. It was an interesting town. I actually went there many years after the\nwar and the town was not destroyed during the war so it's still authentic town\n[like it was] way back when. I saw where my daddy lived ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the place that his\nmother--really he was raised by his uncle and aunt, the store they had there . .\n. It was kind of interesting.\n\nBERMAN: How did they end up in Brussels?\n\nSTERN: Interesting story about my mother: In 1933, most of my family . . . I had\na large family called Oppenheimer O-P-P-E-N-H-E-I-M-E-R. They were called\nKartoffel Oppenheimer, Kartoffel meaning 'potato.' ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That family wanted to all go\nto Israel. They all actually immigrated [to what was then Palestine] in 1933.\nThere was a family of about six children and the mom and dad. The parents\nactually went to Israel already in 1913--I have a picture of them on a camel in\nIsrael in 1913--but refused to move until the youngest child had graduated\nschool in Germany, so they moved in 1933.\n\nBERMAN: Was it because of the takeover of power?\n\nSTERN: Yes. They were ardent Zionists. They really were. They would have left in\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1917 had Israel been a little more sophisticated and all that. My mother--whose\nclosest friends were these cousins, the children of this uncle--wanted to go\nwith them to Israel. The [Nazi party] were starting . . . It was 1933. My mother\nwanted to go to Israel and go with them. She was about twenty then. My\ngrandfather begged her not to go and said, \"It's too far.\" It'd be sort of like\nsomeone in America ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"saying, \"I want to move to Seattle . . . from Atlanta\n[Georgia].\" They compromised. She moved to Brussels [in] 1933. My father was a\ntraveling salesman and he went to all these countries, much like you go through\nthe states here. When all the problems started [in Germany], he went to Brussels\nin 1933.\n\nBERMAN: They both left relatively early. They had the wherewithal to see that\nthis was not going to get better?\n\nSTERN: They left early, yes.\n\nBERMAN: Did they ever speak about that--how they knew when so many ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"others did\nnot in 1933? [Did they] already think that . . . So many Jews said, \"We thought\nthings were going to get better.\" Apparently your parents did not. Did they ever\nspeak about that?\n\nSTERN: That has to take me to a second story. I think this all ties in together.\nAround 1900, my grandfather's sister, who married into a family called the May\nfamily--[spelled] M-A-Y; in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany it was spelled M-A-I actually but they\nchanged it to May . . . They came to America in 1900. Mortimer May, who was an\noffspring of that family, eventually became the international president of the\nAmerican Zionist Organization. They were ardent Zionists. They used to come to\nEurope all the time from 1900 on and tell them, \"Why are you all staying here?\nThere's nothing but trouble here,\" and all that. I think that got my mother's\near, so already in 1933 when the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nazis started their uprising, she wanted out.\nMy daddy was the same way. He didn't know the May family obviously at that time\nbecause he hadn't met my mother, but they just said, \"Why do we need to stay\nhere? We're young,\" and all that kind of stuff. Independently of each other,\nthey decided Brussels was the place to go.\n\nBERMAN: How did they meet?\n\nSTERN: The usual way that nice Jewish people meet. My mother was told by\nsomeone--she might have told me that; I don't remember ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who--that, \"Wouldn't you\nlike to meet a nice Jewish boy from your hometown?\" That's how they met and the\nrest is history.\n\nBERMAN: What was their life like in Brussels until [the German] occupation?\n\nSTERN: Interestingly enough, the Nazis actually came to [Brussels] in May of\n1940. On the day the bombers came, is the day that my parents left. I used to\nask ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my mother, \"Mom, from 1933 to 1940, why were you . . .\" My mother was\ntwenty-three years old [when she moved to Belgium]. I was born in 1937. She was\nabout twenty-seven when I was born. I used to ask my mother, \"Why when you knew\nwhat was going on in Germany and you knew the Nazis were coming to Brussels, why\nwere you not running from there? Why did you not leave there?\" She used to\nalways tell she had this set of friends--fortunately most of whom made it to\nAmerica. She said, \"We were having too good a time. We were in our ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"twenties and\nlife was good in Brussels.\" Until the Nazis came, they were having a great life.\nShe said, \"We were just having a good time.\" That's the only explanation she\ncould ever give me.\n\nBERMAN: Did you ask your father as well?\n\nSTERN: I asked my father the same thing. My father was a very quiet gentleman. I\nthink when my mother would speak he would . . . if that's what she said was the\nreason, I think he would just agree with her. He didn't say much different.\n\nBERMAN: Did they talk about or did they speak of what happened after occupation\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when the Nazis came in? What happened to them individually?\n\nSTERN: What happened was . . . It's funny. Even though I was only three, three\nand half years old then, I have some small memories. I don't know whether the\nmemories are from what my parents have told me over and over again or whether I\nreally remember anything. We lived in a second floor--today you'd call it a\ncondo--apartment. The day the bombs came, everybody ran ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"downstairs in the\nbasement. These people were all friends and they all decided, \"Look, we gotta\nget out of here.\" The next day, they got in an automobile and they just started\ndriving. Technically in Brussels at that time, other than the bombs were coming\nand then the bombs went away, they didn't have any problems in Brussels. They\ngot in a car. There were six of them. They got in a car and they just started\ndriving. Actually, there were two ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cars.\n\nBERMAN: Where did they go?\n\nSTERN: They went to France. When they got inside [France], they had one serious\nproblem: they weren't selling gasoline on the highways. When they got to France,\nthey literally ran out of gas. There they were. They were then stopped by the\nlocal authorities, [who asked], \"What are you doing here? Who are you?\" Even\nthough they were Belgian, they were really Germans and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so that was a time they\nwere all arrested. That's the story. It was my mother and grandfather [from] the\nLevison side. My daddy's parents had died long ago. He was actually an orphan\nmost of his life. It was my mother, father, my grandfather, grandmother, my\nmother, father and I. The men were taken off and just put into a jail.\n\nBERMAN: What city was that?\n\nSTERN: This was in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Toulouse, France. The women then were told they had to go to\nthis camp, Gurs. I still can't figure out how to spell it.\n\nBERMAN: G-U-R-S.\n\nSTERN: Gurs. I just saw it in this book too. My mother actually didn't have to\ngo to Gurs because she had a little child. If she chose to go to Gurs, they\nwould take the child away because it was sort of like a kibbutz, where the kids\nlive separate from the parents. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She wouldn't do that either so she opted . . .\nwith the help of all these German women--somehow or another she knew a lot of\nthe women because they were all running to France at the same time . . . agreed\nto hide me in Gurs during the whole time that I was there. We were only there I\nwould say from May [1940] until probably four or five months. My mother went\nbecause my grandmother went and she wouldn't leave my grandmother alone. She\ncould have left. Now, again, I don't know what . . . I never ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"got . . . My mother\nnever dealt with that issue with me. Because she wasn't leaving [there was no\npoint in wondering] what would you have done if you had left. There wasn't any\nplace to go. When my father got carted off, they made a deal that if they ever\ngot out of wherever they were, they had a cousin in Toulouse and they would meet\nin Toulouse and give that cousin some information. I said Toulouse; the cousin\nwas really in Lyon [France]. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"L-Y-O-N I think you spell it. That was sort of\ngoing to be their contact person. Then my daddy got arrested. He went off with\nmy grandfather and we lived in Gurs. That's where I learned how to speak German\nbecause at that time, I only spoke French because that's what they spoke in\nBrussels. My mother just always told me that these women, whenever the guards at\nGurs would come in to do whatever, they would hide me. My picture of Gurs ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is\nmuch like if you went to Auschwitz-Birkenau and you saw the beds in the camp.\nThat's my recollection of it, but I don't know whether that's true or not. I\nknow the way she would describe it, they would all be sitting on the beds--as\nyou've seen those pictures of unfortunately the Holocaust folks in the\ncamps--and they would hide me. They would feed me from their rations because\nthere wouldn't be any food for me, but it was mainly . . . My mother used to say\nwe had mainly bread and soup. That was probably most of what we ate.\n\nBERMAN: How did ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they get out of the camp?\n\nSTERN: Eventually when the Vichy government [was established], the people of\nGurs let them out--whoever those were because they said the Jews were going to\nget killed. They just let them go. My mother and my grandmother went back to\nToulouse. That's another interesting story my mother used to tell me. The woman\nrefused to allow--they went in some boarding house--anyone with a small child\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unless the child was [toilet] trained. One day my mother told me we were\nsleeping on the mattress and unfortunately I wet the bed. My grandmother stayed\nin bed all day long to tell the lady she was sick so she wouldn't notice that\nthe mattress was wet. My grandmother then left and went to Lyon where she made\ncontact with my father who told them that we were in Toulouse. My ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"father,\ninterestingly enough, and grandfather were let go and they were in Dunkirk when\neverybody evacuated Dunkirk. They were there when the boats and the soldiers\nwere all going over. They actually had an opportunity where they could have gone\nwith them . . . to get out. They decided not to. They actually started going\nback toward Lyon ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Toulouse and wherever they were going because they were\nGerman. When the German infantry . . . because the infantry was totally\ndifferent than the Nazis. They really could have cared less about Jews. They\nwere soldiers. My daddy told me the story how he rented . . . they got a truck,\nthey put a bunch of people in it, and when the Nazis would come and say, \"What\nare you doing,\" they'd say \"Oh, we're going back to . . . We're working. We work\nhere.\" They let them go. Eventually my daddy got back to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lyon, met my\ngrandmother there and my grandfather, and he came back to Toulouse.\n\nBERMAN: How did they emigrate? Did they have their papers all in order?\n\nSTERN: No, they . . . That's another story. I have to tell you two stories here.\nFor some reason, my grandparents went back to Brussels. I never understood that\npart of it. They just didn't want to leave. They didn't know where they were\ngoing. They didn't want to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"leave. I'll tell you about that later on. They were\nhidden underground--I'll tell you that story--like Anne Frank.\n\nMy mother and father--as so many people had done then--had somehow or another\ntaken jewelry, and little gold things, and all that. That's what they were using\nfor money. Eventually they got to the Pyrenees (although Toulouse is in that\narea, or Gus). They got to the little town of Pau, P-A-U, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"France, which is right\non the Spanish-French border. They were stuck there. They couldn't get papers to\nget into Spain. My mother told me the story. This I didn't know until my mother\ndied in 2004, so I didn't know this until more recently. [She] told me the story\nof how I actually went into a nursery school in a Catholic monastery--I have no\nrecollection of that--because we had to live in Pau about a month. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Eventually we\ngot papers to get into Spain. My mother used to say it was just blackmail and\npaying people off and you finally got a visa to get into Spain.\n\nBERMAN: That was you, your mother, and your grand . . .\n\nSTERN: Just my father, and my mother, and I.\n\nBERMAN: Your grandparents went back to Brussels?\n\nSTERN: The other thing that was happening was from 1933 to 1940 [was that] my\ngrandfather and my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dad used to send money to the family in America, just to put\naway. When were in Spain and my mother was running out of money, they were able\nin Spain to write to America and that's how they got some money to eventually\nget over to Portugal, which was their next stop. We lived in Spain six months.\n\nBERMAN: Now what year are we talking about?\n\nSTERN: We're talking about from May of 1940 we were in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gurs until about\nSeptember of 1940 and then--my mother said we lived in Pau a month--around\nOctober 1940 we got to Madrid, Spain.\n\nBERMAN: You are so fortunate because it was late already.\n\nSTERN: It was very late. Of course, the one thing that always helped us was that\nwe had this family in America [as] opposed to the families we were traveling\nwith, [who] ended up having to go ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to Panama and South America because they\ncouldn't get into America because [the United States] had all these strict\nimmigration restrictions.\n\nBERMAN: Then you were in Portugal--.\n\nSTERN: We lived in Madrid for six months. Every time we tried to get to\nPortugal, my mother tells the story about we got on a train, and went all the\nway to the border, and then the papers we got were false. They paid off\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"somebody, and they were forged, and so we had to go back to Madrid. Eventually\nshe said we met some person and he was able to get us papers, and eventually we\ngot to Lisbon, Portugal. Then my mother said we were very fortunate, that then\nyou just tried to get on a boat, no matter where the boat was going you wanted\nto get out of there. She said we met another gentleman who took a liking to my\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mother--[you] didn't know my mother, but anybody that knows her, she was just an\nincredible woman--and got her three tickets to go on a boat to Havana, Cuba.\nWe're one of the rare immigrants that did not come by way of Ellis Island.\nSometime [in] January [or] February 1941, we ended up in Havana, Cuba. I was\nborn in February, so by that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time I was four years old. My mother . . . You have\nto go back in history. You can imagine Havana, Cuba would be like going to Las\nVegas today. Everybody was happy, and gay, and playing. My mother tells the\nstory . . . It's kind of [difficult to] imagine this happening today. My wife\nand I would have killed . . . We wouldn't have done it [and] my kids wouldn't do\nit, but in 1941, my mother said, \"He's okay sleeping in a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hotel. Let's go out\ntonight.\" They left me alone in a hotel, they went out, and they come back two\nor three hours later, and they see this big crowd in the lobby of the hotel.\nThey go to see what's going on and it's me with all these people because I had\nleft the room and couldn't find my mother and daddy. That happened. They had a\ngood attitude about it. Then, just to tie that up, because we had this family in\nNashville that had to give us affidavits, and money, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and guarantee my mother and\ndad . . .\n\nBERMAN: You already had a number?\n\nSTERN: Yes. I don't know if we had a number when we got to Havana but that's\nwhat we were waiting on. Then eventually through . . . HIAS [Hebrew Immigration\nAid Society] and all that, we got to Miami, Florida. That I remember--flying on\nthis little clipper plane. It was a seaplane. We landed in Miami. Then they\npicked us up . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was the Joint [American Jewish Joint Distribution\nCommittee]. They picked us up and they took us some place to stay. I sort of\nhave some memories of this. Then the next day, we got on a train, and we went to\nNashville, Tennessee, where our family was or where a lot of our family was.\nThat's how we got to America.\n\nBERMAN: That is a great story.\n\nSTERN: It is incredible.\n\nBERMAN: I want to go back just a little bit and talk about your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grandparents\nbecause they ended up going back to Brussels. I'd just like to get that story\ndown about how they survived.\n\nSTERN: This is great. This is an incredible story. From 1940 when my mother left\n[and] when my grandmother went to Lyon to find . . . this cousin, to find out\nwhere everybody was, until ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1944, my mother did not know that my grandparents\nwere alive. [Thy] had no contact at all. Her brother, whose name was Leo Levison\n. . . He has a son that lives here in Atlanta, Gary Levison. I don't know if you\nknow Gary and Louise Levison, but they live here in Atlanta. Her brother was\nanother risk-taker. He came direct in 1937. He ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"left [Germany and] said, \"I'm\ngoing to America.\" He was eighteen. As fate would have it, he was here a year or\nso and he got drafted into the service. Back then . . . they used to . . . you\nhad a number. The lower the number, the earlier you went in. He got drafted\nearly on. He lived in Nashville. I'd say 1936 [or] 1937 . . . He was this\neighteen year old immigrant. Everybody liked him. He had this great personality\nand charm about him. They all loved him and they called him 'the little\nimmigrant from Belgium. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He went in the army and, because he spoke French, German\nand English, he became an intelligence officer. He was stationed in France\nsomewhere and he always went ahead to see what was going on because he spoke all\nthe languages. He got to Brussels, Belgium in 1944--this was before the Battle\nof the Bulge. He was running around the old neighborhoods where he had lived\nwith his ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"parents and somebody came up to him--it was an old neighbor--and said\nto him, \"You know, I don't know if you know it or not, but your parents are\nstill alive. They've been . . .\" [hidden with the help of the] family \"X,\"\nwhoever they were. It's funny. I never asked nor did my mother ever tell me\n[their name]. I don't know if she knew. But the family \"X\" hid them out the same\n[way that] Anne Frank [was hidden]. Everybody knows that story. They were hidden\nout for four years, the same way. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My uncle went and he found them underground,\nhidden and all that. I still have . . . I need to locate . . . I know where it\nis--it's in one of my boxes . . . I still have the Victory Letter--they used to\ncall it V-Mail, I think . . . [the letters] the soldiers sent [or] something\nlike that--where my uncle wrote my mother telling her, \"Your mother and daddy\nare alive.\" I still have that . . . original letter [telling her] of that. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Of\ncourse, you can imagine the joy. By that time, [it was] 1944. I was already\nseven [or] eight. I remember that. Then my uncle said to his parents, \"Look, the\nwar's not over yet, so if we get split, let's make a deal. This is where we're\ngoing to meet when the war ends,\" because they all had an idea in 1944 that the\nwar was going to end. If you watch all the documentaries, they knew [the war\nwould end soon]. They just didn't know when. Sure enough, the Battle of the\nBulge came and they got split ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"again. Then they met when the war ended wherever\nthe rendezvous in Brussels was. They were able to manage.\n\nBERMAN: Did they come to Nashville then?\n\nSTERN: Yes. I remember they came to America in 1946. I remember my mother, my\ndaddy, my uncle and I--my uncle wasn't married at that time--driving to New York\nand meeting them in New York and getting them an apartment. For some reason\nwhich I never understood either, for about six months they had to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"live in New\nYork. I don't know whether that was by choice or whatever. They lived in New\nYork and we'd go visit them. Then eventually they moved to Nashville.\nUnfortunately, my grandfather died already in 1947, so he really only had about\na year or two in this country. My grandmother lived until 1959. I was already in\nlaw school when she died so I knew her very well. I knew my grandmother. I was\nabout ten or eleven when my grandfather died, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but to this day . . . My\ngrandmother moved in the house . . . When I go back to Nashville . . . We all\nlived in an area which today is Music City, Opryland and all that stuff. My\ngrandmother's house is still standing. It's one of the only . . . It's a\nbusiness now. It's a little house like they convert so many. That's how they\nmade it through the war. It's wild.\n\nBERMAN: Here you were a young, little Belgian-German Jewish boy and you end up\nin ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nashville, Tennessee. How was that growing up in Nashville?\n\nSTERN: I love Nashville. I learned English right away. I know that . . . I\nremember where I went to nursery school. [It was] not far from where we lived.\nThe Nashville community--much like we do today--couldn't have been nicer to us.\nI have to tell this ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"story. There's a family here named Beryl Weiner.\n\nBERMAN: Beryl's a good friend of mine.\n\nSTERN: Beryl's wife Elinor was Elinor Brown. [Her family] had a furniture store.\nI never knew this story either. My mother moved to Atlanta after my daddy died\nin 1993. I used to make it a habit of every weekend just taking her somewhere.\nWe would end up at Starbucks in Buckhead next to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Publix. One day we're sitting\nin there and Elinor and Beryl come in. I've been close with them for a long time\ntoo. [To] my mother I said, \"Mother, you remember this is Elinor Brown? She used\nto live near us later on.\" My mother looked at her and said, \"You know I want to\ntell you a story.\" Elinor's father died young. [She said,] \"I want to tell you\nsomething. The first bed that we ever had when we moved here in 1941, your daddy\ncontributed to us or gave to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"us, that we slept in.\" That was a story I didn't\neven know. Then of course, [Elinor] was totally . . . She never knew these\nstories. First, her daddy died young and I'm sure he didn't talk about that stuff.\n\nWe lived in this apartment. It was really a duplex and we were assigned a\nfamily. Like one of my longest, probably the two or three of my longest friends,\nwe were assigned these families. They had four-year-old boys. I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"four. One of\nmy buddies now lives in Israel. One lives--I see him--in Washington.\nUnfortunately, my closest friend of those three died recently. It was fun\ngrowing up in Nashville. It was a small Jewish community. Everything revolved\naround the Jewish Community Center.\n\nBERMAN: Was it startling to come into the American South though and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"see . . .\nDid you notice the separation of the races in the American South? We have asked\nthis question so often and some people say, \"No, it was just kind of there. It\ndidn't really . . . \"\n\nSTERN: I'm going to give you the simplest answer. When you come as an immigrant,\nyou are put wherever whoever puts you there, HIAS or whoever. We lived on\nSixteenth Street, which was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the border of the black-white community. I don't\nmean this in a negative way. If you went west of the street, it was all white.\nIf you went east of Sixteenth, it was all black. I didn't know any better. I'm\nfour, five, [or] six years old and I . . . right next door to me . . . were all\nthese black kids playing ball. I'd go over and play with them. Invariably, some\nlittle ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"white kid would come and just beat the crap out of me [and] say, \"You Jew\nlover! You nigger lover,\" and all that kind of stuff. I grew up with that from\nthe time I was five or six years old. Eventually . . . Now, again, the grammar\nschool I went to, which I could walk to in those days--we weren't afraid of\nanything. We'd walk everywhere. We didn't even have a car--was all white. Then I\nwould come home and I'd either play with some of the white kids and if nobody\nwas around to play, I'd play with some ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the black kids. Invariably I'd get\nused to somebody coming over there, and hitting me in the head. That was a\nroutine thing. Until I was in the eighth grade--that'd put me about thirteen\n[or] fourteen--I went to school and one of these kids that used to beat me up\nall the time went to this same school. By this time, I had switched schools.\nThis kid came up to me one day and said, \"You're nothing but a Jew, and I hate\nJews, and I'm going to kick your butt,\" and all that. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I went and told these\nother kids and they went and beat him up. That was the first time I'd ever had a\ndefense of being a Jewish kid. But obviously I grew up . . . In 1954, when the\nfamous Brown vs. Board of Education [of Topeka] case came, I was at a baseball\ngame with my high school. I remember the newspaper kids that used to come,\n[calling], \"Extra, extra! Supreme Court [says] schools are going to be\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[de]segregated.\" Everybody in the stands . . . I thought they were going to die.\n\nBERMAN: You mean integrate.\n\nSTERN: Yes, they were going to integrate. I thought when people heard this . . .\nBack then, there was no black school and whites, it was all whites versus\nwhites. They thought the world was going to the end. Now, again, I had a great\nmom and we would talk . . . Everybody's equal, but the bottom line of it is, you\ntook your risks for a long time if you dealt with the black community. You took\nyour risk, as a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kid.\n\nBERMAN: Probably as adults too.\n\nSTERN: I would hope that . . . We know the extreme cases of the adults. Yes, I\nwas very knowledgeable. I grew up all around it.\n\nBERMAN: What did your parents do in Nashville?\n\nSTERN: My daddy, when he first started became . . . one of the nice Jewish folks\nthere had what I called a scrap iron ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"yard. He gave him a job. I remember my\nmother used to tell me he used to make fifteen cents an hour. My mother went to\nwork for her family;. They owned a hosiery mill in Nashville--this May family.\nShe went to work there as a typist and all that. I actually lived with--meaning\nduring the day when I wasn't in school--a great aunt, who was my grandfather's\nsister. It was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"interesting that we lived at 800 Sixteenth Avenue, my\ngrandfather's sister lived at 900 Sixteenth Avenue, and my grandmother lived at\n1000 Sixteenth Avenue. We all three lived within a block and everything was\nwalking. I remember going back to this day, my cousin Irene--who was just in\ntown for this hundredth birthday I was telling you about--she and I . . . later\non we'd go to high school ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reunions. We would walk this whole area, which we\nthought used to be miles. Turned out it was three or four blocks here, three or\nfour blocks there, because we did everything by foot. There was no such thing as driving.\n\nBERMAN: Let's get on to more of your personal story. You grew up in Nashville.\nWhat about college? When did you decide to go? Did you always know you were\ngoing to college or was it something your parents wanted?\n\nSTERN: I was very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lucky. When I was in the eighth grade, I went to a school that\nhad little or no Jews in it, very few. They always thought I was the smartest\nkid. I really wasn't that smart but I was a lot smarter than the rest of them.\nThey entered me into this oratory contest. I went to the oratory contest--my\nmother and I . . . laughed about it all the time--and I thought by ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"far I was the\nbest one. I came in third. Interestingly enough, it was during Chanukah. I\nremember that because I was so disappointed, my mother said \"Let's go home and\nplay dreidel.\" While I was there--and this really changed my life--one of the\npublic speaking teachers of the high school that I would go to was there. She\ncame to me afterwards--her name was Alder, A-L-D-E-R--and she said to me, \"You\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know, I am the best whatever, one of my students was Dinah Shore,\" and she gave\nme all this. She said, \"I want you to come to West High School.\" We lived in the\ncity, but in Nashville you could go to the first county school or you could go\nto the city school. She said, \"I want you to come to West High. I'm going to put\nyou immediately on the debate team.\" I think at that moment in time, something\nlit up in me and said, \"You know, I think I'm going to be a lawyer.\" She ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was\ntrue to her word, and I went on the debate team, and did that all through high\nschool. Now all my family went to Vanderbilt [University]. The May family that\ncame in 1900, they went to Vanderbilt and they were very active. They were a\nvery influential family in Nashville. Dan May, the brother, was head of the\nBoard of Education. He was on the Vanderbilt Board of Trustees. Mortimer May was\nthe head of the Zionist ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Organization. My parents always said \"Son, you don't\nneed to apply to any schools. You'll go to Vanderbilt.\" That's what I did. At\nthat time, I had no clue that Vanderbilt was as good a school as . . . Today,\nyou say to anybody you're going to Vanderbilt [and they will say], \"Hey, that's\nfabulous!\" Until I moved to Atlanta in 1961 . . . I went to Vanderbilt\nundergraduate and I went to Vanderbilt Law School. [I] took it for granted all\nthose years . . . [I] never lived on campus or anything; I lived at home . . . I\ntook it for granted because it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seemed the place to go. Even though Vanderbilt\nwas a great school, if you lived in Nashville, it was a little easier to get\ninto. I'm not trying to say I wasn't that bright, but it was a little easier to\nget into because you didn't take a dormitory space. All of us that lived in\nNashville, all these friends of mine, we all went to Vanderbilt. Nobody ever\nwent . . . very seldom anybody went out of town because everybody said, \"You're\ngoing to a great school here.\" When I moved to Atlanta in 1961 and I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"started\nlooking around, everybody would go, \"You went to Vanderbilt!\" I didn't know what\nthat meant. So what? Big deal. That's when I found out Vanderbilt was a good school.\n\nBERMAN: What drew you to Atlanta?\n\nSTERN: That's an interesting story, too. When everybody else was going to work\ndoing law clerkships and even when I was in undergraduate school, I was always a\ncamp person. I went to Camp Blue Star, Camp ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Judaea, and others, Camp Bel Air,\nprobably camps you don't even know about.\n\nBERMAN: I know Bel Air.\n\nSTERN: Do you?\n\nBERMAN: Doris Goldstein.\n\nSTERN: Yes, Doris Goldstein, exactly. She and I [worked there]. She ran the\nwaterfront when I was the canoeing director. I just saw Doris yesterday,\nSaturday. Doris Harris as she--.\n\nBERMAN: Doris Harris. They had the Confederate Flag on the banner going into Bel Air.\n\nSTERN: Exactly. She and I worked there in 1954 and 1955. [in] 1954, I was only\nseventeen. I was already canoeing director. She was the waterfront director. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I\nalways loved camping and I really wanted to be a camp director. I didn't\nnecessarily want to be a lawyer. In 1961, I and a lady by the name of Lila\nRiesman . . .\n\nBERMAN: I know Lila. She's no longer . . .\n\nSTERN: She's deceased.\n\nBERMAN: She passed away a couple of years ago.\n\nSTERN: She was one of my best friends. In fact, I gave a eulogy at her funeral.\nThat's how close we were.\n\nBERMAN: She helped us with the camping exhibition.\n\nSTERN: Exactly. She helped ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the camping exhibition [at the William Breman\nJewish Heritage Museum]. Lila and I actually founded physically Camp Judaea. I\nwas running Camp Judaea at Blue Star before Blue Star started. When I got out of\nlaw school, they offered me this job. They said, \"Wouldn't you like to be the\ncamp director and run Young Judaea?\" I looked at my wife and thought it was a\ngood idea. There were a few other reasons . . . don't need to go into detail on.\nAnyway, that's what made me come to Atlanta. The first three ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years of my life\n[in Atlanta], I ran Camp Judaea and Young Judaea--1961, 1962, [and] 1963.\n\nBERMAN: That is a wonderful story. I did not know that.\n\nSTERN: I was the camp director, and I'm still on the camp board, and I still go\nto camp meetings, and I still go to Camp Blue Star, and see what's going. I go\nnow to my grandchildren's camp for a week, called Camp Kawaga. It's up in\nWisconsin. My son-in-law is the camp doctor. They once said something to him\nabout, \"Don't you want to . . .\" [He said], \"My father[in-law] used to be a camp\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"director . . . \" Now I go up there and I'm just a grandpa up there, so I have a\ngreat time. That's what happened. In 1964, finally my wife . . . we had a baby,\nour first child, Michele.\n\nBERMAN: Why don't you state your wife's name for the purpose of the tape?\n\nSTERN: Eva Prager, then Stern. Eva came to me and said, \"You know, I think it's\ntime you need to think about earning some money. Why don't you go practice law?\"\nThat's what I did. Somebody ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fortunately gave me a job and I became a lawyer.\nI've always told this to all my law colleagues that I see every few years that I\nguarantee them that the three years that I spent as Young Judaea director was\nmore meaningful in the practice of my law career than if I had been in a law\nfirm for three years doing whatever young guys do--title searches, and wills,\nand all that stuff--because I met all the people. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd meet people like Erwin\nZaban and Sidney Feldman. Erwin Zaban's kids were all campers of mine at Blue\nStar. Half this town remembers me as their camp director or camp whatever . . .\nthat are younger than me, five or ten years younger. Then of course, people like\nDoris Goldstein--I still call her Doris Harris . . . Most of the people that I\nknew coming in, I knew from camp. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I never went into the camp business. I became\na lawyer and I don't regret that.\n\nBERMAN: You worked for somebody, but now you have your own firm?\n\nSTERN: Yes, I started working for somebody and then about ten years later, he\nand I became partners. Then about ten years later, he retired and I started my\nown firm.\n\nBERMAN: It is family law?\n\nSTERN: Family. We do only family law--divorce, adoptions, alimony, that kind of\nstuff. I do it because of my camping background, because you're dealing so much\nwith ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children. That's really my main love is children. That's why I don't mind\nwhen you say talking to all these . . . I do that all the time.\n\nBERMAN: They are going to love it. They are going to love your story.\n\nSTERN: I love it. I love dealing with children.\n\nBERMAN: They are going to absolutely love it. Do you love the practice of law?\n\nSTERN: [Yes].\n\nBERMAN: You don't mind having given up the camping?\n\nSTERN: No, because I'm still so much involved in that kind of stuff because I\nwent . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was the chairman of Camp Barney Medintz. Years ago . . . we had\nthis fight about, \"Is the [Jewish Community Center] going to be open on Shabbat?\"\n\nBERMAN: I have all the records from Rabbi [Emanuel] Feldman.\n\nSTERN: I was the chairperson of that, of the Shabbat. Joel Gross and I would\nplan all these programs and we'd have ten people there. It was all for kids,\nmainly for kids. Whatever I've done has been mainly with children.\n\nBERMAN: Some ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the activities you have been involved with are the Marcus Jewish\nCommunity Center and what others?\n\nSTERN: I started the Center mainly because that was my background from Nashville\nbecause I had been very active in Nashville. [I] eventually worked up to be\npresident. Then I was active in Temple Sinai. I'm one of the founding members of\nTemple Sinai in 1968. My wife and I didn't have a temple to belong to so we\ndecided to belong to Temple Sinai because it was new and we liked Rabbi\n[Richard] Lehrman. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've been on the [American Jewish Committee] Board. I've been\non . . . I don't know . . . I'm very active now in the Amit Program because one\nof my grandchildren is involved in that. My daughter really helped start that\nprogram, my daughter Michelle Simon. I'm very active in that.\n\nBERMAN: My daughter is one of the Amit teachers.\n\nSTERN: Really? Great!\n\nBERMAN: At Davis Academy.\n\nSTERN: She must teach my grandson.\n\nBERMAN: She teaches special needs kindergarten and first grade.\n\nSTERN: He's already now . . . He started there and he's now in the fourth ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grade.\nThey've done a great job.\n\nBERMAN: I would like to go back a minute because that's a very interesting story\n. . . I had no idea you were involved with the Shabbat opening of the Jewish\nCommunity Center because in lots of major cities around the country, Jewish\nCommunity Centers are open on Shabbat so children have a place to go. Why do you\nthink it became such a controversy here in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta?\n\nSTERN: Obviously, the Orthodox community would always be opposed just naturally\nto that and I think that that was a backlash from that. I think the other thing\nthat really was wrong--it wasn't wrong, we didn't know--the people didn't\nsupport it. I think if we'd had the people support it. Joel Gross, who is now\nthe assistant director at the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Center . . . spent a lot of time . . .\ninteresting. I always tell this story to Joel--his father was my Atlanta Young\nJudaea director. Joel Gross . . . was doing a lot of work with kids at that time\nand that was my forte. I spent a lot of time planning some great stuff from like\nnoon after temple was over, synagogue. Nobody ever came. We were lucky if we'd\nget twenty kids. Even adults didn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"come. Now again, we ran it downtown because\nwe didn't have a building at Zaban, at Marcus Center, whatever it was called. We\ndidn't get the support. I think that totally destroyed it. I think if we'd have\nhad two, three, four hundred kids . . . The kids still were going to the malls\nand movies and whatever they were doing. We got no support. The thing that we\nwere trying to do--this was my schtick [Yiddish: a special interest or talent]\nand Joel was supporting ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me--is . . . everything we did I wanted to do with\nsomething Jewish involved. I didn't want to the rabbis to say to me, \"Well, this\nis just a playground.\" Whether we were doing intramurals [or] something that was\nnot organized, we would do study groups. At the end of the day we were going to\nhave this big habdallah and the parents would come and pick up their kids and\nwe've have somebody give some Navare Torah and all that. We didn't get any\nsupport. Finally, I was the first to say after--I don't know whether we did it a\nyear, or two, or how long we did it--I said, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"This is a waste of time. We need\nto close it. It's not worth the community being all upset about it.\"\n\nBERMAN: We have all of the records from Rabbi Feldman's papers. He would take\nout these really vocal newspaper ads about--\n\nSTERN: Absolutely.\n\nBERMAN: They were very upset about it.\n\nSTERN: If I could have proven to Rabbi Feldman . . . When I was involved in\nYoung Judaea, the first convention that Rabbi ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Feldman ever came to . . . I have\nhis picture. I always kid him. He was just here in town for some anniversary or\nsomething that we attended at Beth Jacob. I would have sat down with Rabbi\nFeldman. I knew him very well. I still do. I would have sat down with him and\nsaid, \"Look Rabbi Feldman, let me show you what we're doing. We've got three\nhundred kids and let me show you what we did last week. We taught them about\nKashrut or we taught them about this or we taught them about that.\" But we\ndidn't have any ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"support. [We] couldn't do it. [Rabbi Feldman] was really . . .\nand I can appreciate that. I belong to Temple Sinai, but I grew [up] in an\nOrthodox . . . Rabbi [Yossi] New is one of my closest friends. I've had a study\ngroup in my office for twenty-four years with Rabbi New [with] twenty,\ntwenty-five people every Thursday. [It] still goes on . . . I know Rabbi Feldman\nwell. Freddie Glussman's father was my cantor. I understand all that--I really\ndo--but the bottom line is it didn't work. This community didn't support it.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is so interesting. I am so glad we talked about that because I did\nnot know that other side of it. I only saw the one side.\n\nSTERN: I don't mean to be repetitious. I understand where he was coming from,\nbut I didn't have anything to show him the good we were doing. For example, I\nwent to Ahavath Achim Synagogue Saturday and the rabbi talked about Kashrut.\nRather than damning everybody that said, \"Well, you don't keep Kashrut one\nhundred percent,\" he got up and said, \"Everybody ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"should make an effort to do one\nthing you didn't do yesterday. So if you just give up eating . . . whatever . .\n. pork, or if you keep kosher at home, maybe you don't eat meat out.\" It was an\ninteresting . . . I know it's a Conservative approach; I'm smart enough to know\nthat. But I didn't have anything to offer him like that. I had nothing. I had\neight, or ten, or twelve kids and most of them could have cared less. I had no\nparental support. That was . . . We'd get four parents maybe on a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"weekend, on a\nSaturday while their kids were playing. They'd go out and play tennis. Well, I\ndon't need to open the center on a Saturday. They can go tennis at Bitsy Grant.\nThey don't need me. It was an interesting era, but we took a lot of flack for it\nat the Center. We did.\n\nBERMAN: How did you meet your wife?\n\nSTERN: If we weren't on tape, I'd say to you, \"Now think about how would I have\nmet my wife.\" I was at camp. My ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wife was from a little town in Virginia--Marion,\nVirginia--and her mommy and daddy said to her, \"You really need to go to a\nJewish camp.\" She went to Camp Blue Star. I was this canoeing director and\neventually I did the teenage kids there. My cousin--the same one I was just\ntalking about who was here for the hundredth birthday . . . She was in the\nteenage village at Blue Star; I was a canoeing director--she said to me, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Hey, I\nreally met this nice gal and she speaks fluent German.\" I don't want to get into\nthis discussion but in my day of growing up, Germans stuck together. We were not\nfrom that . . . We were from the Orthodox Germans. My daddy was Orthodox. We\nwere not from the Reform Germans. People don't realize there were just as many\nOrthodox in Germany as there were Reforms. They always think about the Reforms.\nI met my wife. My mother claims to this day that the first Sunday I called to\ntell her I met this nice ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"girl, that I also said, \"And that's the girl I'm going\nto marry.\" We dated, and we made it through camp, and she finished her last\nyear--she was a medical technician, so she could finish in Nashville. She moved\nto Nashville, where I was finishing my second year in law school, and then we\ngot married the next year. [We] had a great relationship. She was a great woman.\n\nBERMAN: That is wonderful.\n\nSTERN: She was a great woman. She unfortunately got sick. Everybody loved her.\nShe was very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"active in the community.\n\nBERMAN: She went through Shanghai [China]?\n\nSTERN: Right.\n\nBERMAN: Do you want to take a few minutes and talk about that a little bit?\n\nSTERN: Sure.\n\nBERMAN: Quick question before we go into that--you said her maiden name was Prager?\n\nSTERN: [Yes].\n\nBERMAN: Was she related to a George Prager?\n\nSTERN: No. I'm not really sure. I'll tell you this whole story. She was raised\nby her stepfather, a man named Blumenberg, who is the man that's more ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"featured\nin this book that I gave you today. Her father died . . . after they were in\nChina. I'll give you the story on Eva because I was just as intrigued by it as\nshe was. After Kristallnacht . . . They actually made it through Kristallnacht .\n. .\n\nBERMAN: What city were they in?\n\nSTERN: They were in Munich, Germany. Her mother and father--her natural\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"father--somehow--and it's in the book--the paper . . . got permission [from the\nGerman government] to go to Shanghai. I don't understand . . . with the German\nmark on it and everything--the Nazi swastika symbol. They got on a freighter.\nThe reason why I have a lot of this information is that Eva had an aunt who\neventually married someone also that she met in China, interestingly enough I\nshould ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"say. He had a son that when he was in China, he was sixteen, seventeen,\neighteen . . . We became friends after they all came to America. I used to pick\nhis brain. He'd come visit me in Atlanta. They lived in San Francisco. I'd go to\nSan Francisco and he'd tell me about a lot of these things. Anyway, they were on\na boat--it was Eva and her dad. Her stepdad was a doctor, a very famous . . . He\nwas actually a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"psychiatrist, studied under [Sigmund] Freud. His name was\nBlumenberg, B-L-U-M-E-N-B-E-R-G. Wonderful man.\n\nBERMAN: First name?\n\nSTERN: Ernst, E-R-N-S-T. Eva's mother was pregnant on the boat with the second\nchild. He used to take care of her when they'd be on the boat on the rough seas\nand they'd get sick ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and do all that stuff. Then when they all got to China, they\nwere all put . . . eventually they got there, they were all put into what they\nnow call the 'Jewish Section.' I don't like to call it a ghetto because they did\nhave freedom of movement there. It was not like you couldn't get out of . . .\nthe ten blocks or twenty blocks that were there. I've been there twice. As I\ntold you earlier, I was there in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"September. They lived in very terrible--'they'\nbeing all the Jews . . . They had like thirty thousand Jews that eventually got\nin, because the Chinese and later the Japanese really didn't have anything\nagainst the Jews; they just didn't want anybody to be traitors and all that kind\nof stuff. But they didn't do anything for them. Early on, the Chinese tried to\nhelp them with supplies and all that. They all became independent in this\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"neighborhood. My mother-in-law and [her] mother ran a restaurant. My\nfather-in-law was the doctor there because even though he was a psychiatrist, he\nhad an M.D. so he [could administer medicine]. He used to tell me that the worst\nproblems they had there were people dying because they had no supplies. They\nwould live twelve and fifteen in a two-bedroom apartment. People would die from\nmalnutrition and typhoid. There were no ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"health . . . and all that. Her\nfather--her real father--his name was Wilheim, W-I-L-H-E-I-M. They called him\n\"Willie.\" He had a heart condition and her stepfather to be was the doctor, so\nhe used to love these two little girls. You [have] got to remember the mama gave\nbirth to the second child [under the care of Ernst Blumenberg]. Her name is\nSusan. She lives in Kingsport, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tennessee. He used to always be around there\nbecause he was taking care of the father. They went to a German Jewish school.\nThey all spoke German. They learned no Chinese or anything like that. They got\nby. Then the war ended and then unfortunately Eva's father died. He somehow made\nit through the war and then he died like in 1946--the exact date is in this book\nmy daughter put ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"together. Then the Chinese came to them and said, \"You know\nwe've just had this revolution . . . \" I don't know what they said exactly.\n[They said], \"We just had this revolution or we're going to have this revolution\nand you've got two choices--you either got to get out now or you're stuck.\"\nAgain . . . the Joint--this is really interesting . . . There's a note in there\nwhere the Joint lends my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mother-in-law six hundred dollars and she agrees to pay\nthem back at the best she can. The note says [it is] so that she can buy the\nticket to get on the boat.\n\nBERMAN: That is amazing.\n\nSTERN: It's all in this book. It's mind-boggling. In 1948--they were there from\n1939 to 1948. They lived in China--they all got on the boat and they all went to\nSan Francisco [California]. There's a big German community in San Francisco.\nFrom what I've read, most of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the people that lived in Shanghai were German.\nThey'd somehow gotten on the boats from Germany and gotten over there, as\nopposed to being from all the other areas where the Nazis were killing everyone\nin Poland, Russia, and everywhere else. Then they grew up--my wife, and her\nsister, and mother . . . in San Francisco. Now, my father-in-law was a doctor, a\npsychiatrist. He had to get a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"job, but he was already sixty. He had to retake\nthe boards. He took the job as the head of the women's psychiatric hospital in\nVirginia. It would be the equivalent of Milledgeville but it was only for women.\nTherefore, he had to move to Marion, Virginia. The story sort of goes that he\ngot lonely, and he loved these two little ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"girls, and he went all the way back to\nSan Francisco, proposed, and they all moved to Marion, Virginia in 1951 or 1952,\nsomething like that. Then, my wife actually went to school up there, to Radford\nCollege, which is now Radford University. Then in 1958 or 1957, I think, she\nwent to Blue Star and that's where we met. That's how she got there.\n\nBERMAN: The rest is history.\n\nSTERN: The rest is history. [We have] three children, six grandchildren.\n\nBERMAN: That is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wonderful. Do you pass these stories along to your children?\n\nSTERN: Absolutely.\n\nBERMAN: I see your daughter . . .\n\nSTERN: My daughter was big time on this. The only thing I supplied her with was\nthe information as I'm giving you and she put the whole thing together and\nhelped find all these artifacts.\n\nBERMAN: Have you told your children the stories about your family as well?\n\nSTERN: That and they all . . . I asked them the other day, \"Where is the tape?\"\nThey said, \"We got it here somewhere.\" They've all looked at my mother's tape.\nThey were very close to . . . all three of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children were very close to my mother.\n\nBERMAN: Did most of the family end up emigrating then or did distant relatives\nend up not being able to get out?\n\nSTERN: I [have] got to say this to you--on my wife's side, she--my\nmother-in-law--had three or four brothers. They all made it because I met most\nof them. One sister went to San ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Francisco. They all went to China. My\nfather-in-law--I think most of his people got out.On my side, we had little or\nno family. My Oppenheimer family--which is my mother's . . . My grandmother was\nan Oppenheimer--they all went to Israel. I have five hundred relatives in\nIsrael. I have a huge . . . They've been there from 1933. I have this huge . . .\nand I'm very close to my cousins that are my age--sixty-five, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seventy. We go to\nIsrael as often as we can. I know that on the Stern side, my daddy was raised by\nhis uncle and aunt. I think a few of them actually died in the Holocaust. I\ndon't really have that data. My daddy was . . . his mother and daddy died when\nhe was like four or five. [His aunt and uncle] raised him. When he was eighteen,\nhe was glad to get out of there. He was solo all his life until he met my\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mother. I don't really have a lot of background. I don't know of any . . . It's\ninteresting and I don't mean this . . . Whenever people talk about Holocaust\nsurvivors, I never put myself in that role. I feel, as you said, so fortunate\nthat my mother and daddy were smart enough to leave--they didn't go far\nenough--and do what they did. Then we had all these steps that eventually got us\nto America. That's why when that day that happened, I don't say to my children\nand family . . . A lot of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people know I'm from Brussels. I don't talk about Gurs\nand all that kind of . . . except to my family so they can preserve it all.\n\nBERMAN: Now we will get you really involved.\n\nSTERN: Yes, I loved it. I'm going to add one or two things if you don't mind.\n\nBERMAN: No.\n\nSTERN: I was going to tell you side stories. My wife, Eva's real father,\nWilheim, had previously been married and he had a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"daughter from that marriage.\nInterestingly enough, she married a guy eventually named Stern. In the late\n1930s--this is a story that I got from her, just to tell what happens to\npeople--he got arrested and he was sent to [probably the Dachau or Buchenwald\nconcentration camp after Kristallnacht]. She would go all the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time to try to get\nhim out of prison, out of the camp. Eventually on the promise that she would\nleave the country, she got him out late 1930s--1938 [or] 1939. Youth Aliyah--one\nof the Hadassah programs--got them to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Denmark.\n\nThey were in Denmark and then Hitler got to Denmark. She told me the story about\nhow they were on one of these boats as they were taking the people from Denmark\nto Sweden and that they were hiding under a cloth, a tarp--eight, ten, or twelve\nof them--when a German soldier ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came, and lifted the tarp, and saw them there,\nand just put the tarp back down. They got over to Sweden.\n\nBERMAN: That is an amazing story.\n\nSTERN: That's an amazing story. Then in 1983 . . . forty years later when I did\nthis famous trip with Cantor Goodfriend, the last part of the trip, eighteen of\nus went to Poland. Then we met up with a [Jewish Federations of North America]\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trip to Israel. At the week that we were there was the week of the fortieth\nanniversary of the Danes rescuing the Jews and I met the lady that got my\nstep-sister-in-law out of Denmark.\n\nBERMAN: Unbelievable.\n\nSTERN: She was there for this fortieth anniversary. It was the coolest thing\nbecause I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"spent a lot of time with that family--with the \"Stern\" family. They\nhad two daughters. The two daughters now live in [Los Angeles, California]\nbecause their mother and father got divorced and they wanted to live with their\ndad and all that . . . That's another story.\n\nBERMAN: That is amazing. To change course here a little bit, you had mentioned a\nlittle bit earlier that you had joined Temple Sinai because you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"knew Rabbi\nLehrman, who was the founding rabbi there. [If you could share] some\nrecollections about those early years at Temple Sinai and Rabbi Lehrman, that\nwould be great.\n\nSTERN: The way it all really happened was in 1968 a bunch of people got together\nand they said, \"We want to form a new temple.\" You've heard that. Then my wife .\n. .\n\nBERMAN: Were you all temple members?\n\nSTERN: No, we belonged to no synagogue interestingly enough. My kids were young.\nI don't want to put on the record why we didn't belong to any synagogue. I'll\ntell you that afterward because it's kind of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"funny. But my daughter was five\nyears old and she was going to . . . They had just opened the . . . Let's see,\nshe was born in '63 so I guess they had opened four or five years. We lived on\nBuford Highway so we lived right near where the old Hebrew Academy used to be.\nIt was on North Druid Hills. She went to nursery school there. My wife and I\nsaid \"Look, we gotta belong to a Temple. It's time for her to go to Sunday\nSchool.\" That's when ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I read about that these eight or ten or twelve people were\ntalking about forming a synagogue and I went and met with Rabbi Lehrman. I said,\n\"How are you? I know that my background's always been Orthodox and Conservative,\nbut I think I could really handle this. I think I'd like it a lot and we can\nstill do whatever.\" So we did. There's about eighty of us that's on the Board at\nthe Temple that were really \"the founding ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"members.\" Then, we had to start the\nSunday School. [Rabbi Lehrman] and I and ten or fifteen other people . . . we\nwere really volunteer teachers back then. The most fun that I had with Rabbi\nLehrman is we couldn't figure out what to do with the teenagers. I said, \"You\nknow what we really ought to do? We ought to form a program that we do on\nSaturday.\" We used to call it S.W.I.N.G. [That] wouldn't be a good word to call\nit today. [It] stood ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for Southern . . . I don't remember now what it stood for.\nIt was an acronym for something. Then twice a year, we would take them to Camp\nColeman, which was really my thing, and Rabbi Lehrman would go there. Rabbi\nLehrman was this very serious guy. [He was] very intellectual, but just a great\nguy to be around. When we were all at S.W.I.N.G., which would be four or five of\n. . . I got two or three of my Young ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Judaea people that were also at Sinai and I\nhad a great staff. We only had fifty kids maybe, so we didn't need . . . We had\nsix, or eight, or ten people. We would have the best times with these kids. We'd\nhave campfires, and we'd do Israeli dancing, and we'd sing, and we'd play ball.\nHe would get into it because he was always a serious guy and then we would see\nthe side of him that nobody would see. We'd talk about our days in college and\nstuff that normally you have fun talking about. He was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wonderful guy. We did\nthat . . . I did S.W.I.N.G. for about four or five or six years. Then the\nprogram continued. I wish I could remember what it stood for.\n\nBERMAN: We have the records. We can look it up.\n\nSTERN: Southeastern whatever . . .\n\nBERMAN: Was he a good sermonizer?\n\nSTERN: Yes, he was okay. The bottom line of it was he was very intellectual and\nhe gave a good sermon. It was okay. I liked ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him. He was a nice guy and he was\nfriendly. He tried to be involved in the community, in our Temple community. It\nwas unfortunate the poor guy got sick and died.\n\nBERMAN: What was it?\n\nSTERN: I think he had cancer. He died in 1978 [or] something like that. Then we\nhad one year where we had sort of an interim Rabbi and then Rabbi [Phillip]\nKrantz came. Krantz was a totally different experience because he's just the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"most personable guy in the world.\n\nBERMAN: I belong there. He is great.\n\nSTERN: Lehrman was . . . I wouldn't call him as personable . . . This wasn't his\npersonality. He was personable but not in the same way. Rabbi Krantz, he's the\nmost personable guy you can meet, but his sermons are just okay, right? [laughs\nto indicate he is joking] I love Ron Segal. I think he's just terrific. I think\nthis ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"temple . . . I'm so proud. I'm going to tell you one story about the\nTemple. Can I do that? Do you care?\n\nBERMAN: Absolutely.\n\nSTERN: In 1968, there were maybe a hundred of us at a meeting. The first thing\nthey wanted to discuss was limiting the membership to 425. First of all, I\nthought it was outrageous to limit the membership when we had one hundred\nschnooks [Yiddish: fools] there running this temple. Why even talk ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about 425?\nThey had a vote and the vote was a hundred to two to limit the membership to\n425. The two being me and I think my wife felt bad for me so she voted with me.\nI always say this story now. Fast-forward thirty-five years and now we have open\nmembership. I always kid people, \"It took me thirty-five years to get that point\nacross.\" I was really upset about . . . How could you limit any Jews that want\nto come ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"worship in your temple? It didn't bother me about the space and all\nthese things they look at, but I didn't care. So, that was fun.\n\nMy second cute story about the Temple was . . . This shows you how Reform\nJudaism has moved back to the right. I was on the board and I made this thing\nabout, \"We need to have yarmulkes at the Temple.\" [They said], \"Yarmulkes?!\nWhat? It's a Reformed temple!\" The ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"compromise was finally made that we could\nhave yarmulkes then--now, we're talking about in the 1960s and 1970s . . . we\ncould yarmulkes there providing there was a sign above it saying, \"Optional.\"\nThe stuff we had to go through to have more Hebrew taught there . . . Anyway,\nthe Rabbi was willing to . . . He was good about that. It was [not] the Rabbi\nhimself necessarily. It was always the people that were running the show.\n\nBERMAN: Yes, it has definitely gone to the right.\n\nSTERN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, we have the best temple. Goodness gracious, we got all this crazy\nmembership, and everybody shows up, and we have all these fun things. I'm very\nproud of that; with what little I did for the beginning . . . and then there\nwere hundreds of people that did that. We've just done such a great job there.\nWe were lucky because we were smart. If you look at all the . . . I know the\nhistories of all these temples. If you look at all the junk they've gone\nthrough. Look at the AA and look at The Temple and some of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"others. We were\nalways smart enough to have the Rabbi there in place. Now that we have Segal . .\n. I don't know whether all of that ought to be on tape.\n\nBERMAN: It is wonderful. Is there anything else that you would like to say?\nEINSTEIN would like to [ask a question].\n\nEINSTEIN: I just wanted to ask you what that whole experience of having to move\nto so many countries because you were a Jew might have meant to you in your life\nand what you have taken with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you from that whole experience of your family?\n\nSTERN: I think the most important thing I've learned all the years is to be\nactive and to be philanthropic. I try to support everything I can, whether it be\nthe Federation, or the Center, or the Temple, or Amit, or whatever. I also\nsupport ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rabbi New and even Rabbi Feldman. I'm not as active there. I don't\nsupport that as much, because I really think we need to keep supporting the\nOrthodox community because we can't let people slip in the cracks. That's what\nhappens a lot of times. That's what I learned. We just got to keep our religion\nalive and our faith alive and support all these things. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's really what I\nlearned. I've always been that way. That's why I was active as a kid. I hate to\nsay this because this is going to sound like I'm talking about myself, but in\n1954, I won an award in Nashville called the Ralph Shepherd Award for the\nwhatever teenager. Now you fast-forward to 2007. Fifty-three years later, I get\na letter from the Nashville Jewish Community Center. They said that, \"In the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"past, we've always had the recipients decide who the next recipient is going to\nbe, but we've always used Nashville people. We've decided this year we want to\nuse people that we can find that live outside Nashville.\" That was a big thrill\nfor me to think about that fifty-three years later for whatever I contributed\nway back when they still knew what I was doing and where I was. They sent me\nthis list of fifteen--without names--great kids in the Nashville ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"community. I'm\nsure we have the same [here in Atlanta], maybe we have more here because we have\na bigger community. That was so interesting. I wrote this lady who was running\nit a nice letter. I said, \"I really appreciate that you would even think that I\nwould be worthy of considering someone today.\" I felt like we did the same thing\nin Nashville until I left there when I was twenty-four. I got people today . . .\nI was at a bar mitzvah [and someone said], \"I remember when you were my camp\ndirector.\" I worked at the [Jewish Community Camp] up there. I always feel like\nthat's what you got to . . . That's why I love doing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this. I don't mean just the\ntape. I'm going to really enjoy doing the speaking engagement. I love this stuff\nand I want to [have people] understand it all.\n\nBERMAN: I think you are going to really enjoy it. When you came here with your\nfamily, did you have to go through the naturalization process?\n\nSTERN: No, I didn't. Back then . . . This is really a wild story. If you came to\nthis country before ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1948 [or] maybe 1947, if your parents were naturalized, you\nwere automatically naturalized. You didn't have to do anything. From the time I\n. . . My parents were naturalized. They came in 1941. I'm guessing they did it\n1946 [or] 1947. No one ever asked me to prove I was a citizen. I went through\ngrammar school, I went through junior high, I went through high school, I went\nthrough the Army--back ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then, you had to go through the Army, I didn't have to go\nin the Army.\n\nI moved to Georgia in 1961. I go to Dekalb County to register to vote. The lady\nsays, \"Where were you born?\" [I said], \"Brussels, Belgium.\" [She said], \"Well,\nlet me see your certificate that you're a citizen.\" I said, \"You've got to be\nkidding, ma'am. I've never had to do that.\" [She said], \"Well, here you have to\ndo that.\" I didn't know what to do so I called . . . Fortunately I had a friend\nin Immigration. He said, \"Well, call Miss ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So-and-So.\" Her name was Ernst,\nE-R-N-S-T and . . . I said, \"Miss Ernst, I got a problem. They won't let me\nregister to vote here because I'm . . . my parents . . . \" She said \"Yea, they\ngot this new form now and all that kind of stuff here. Fill all this out.\" First\nquestion: \"Attach your birth certificate.\" I'm born in Brussels, Belgium. Where\nis my birth certificate? Fortunately, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Brussels--the Grand Plaza, where they kept\nthe records there--was not destroyed. Then I called this man. His name was Henri\nDe Geve. He was the Belgian Consulate. I still remember him because he did it\nfor fifty years. I said, \"You need to do me a favor. I need a copy of my birth\ncertificate.\" He gets it. Of course, it's in French. Thank G-d for him, he\ntranslates it with an affidavit that he's a translator. Now I got that, so now I\nfill out the form.\n\nThe next thing my mother and daddy call and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"say, \"You know, this is really\nweird. We got a call from the [Federal Bureau of Investigation].\" I said, \"What\ndo you mean?\" He says, \"Well, they want us to . . . They have to come see us\nbecause you've applied that you want this . . . whatever this paper is that you\nneed.\" Sure enough, they had to go through [explaining] who they are, and that\nthey came here, and show their papers. Eventually I got this certificate and\neventually I got to vote in Georgia. That was the only time anyone has ever\nasked me that question.\n\nBERMAN: That is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"amazing.\n\nEINSTEIN: My other question was about your own feelings about Israel . . . I\nknow being involved in both Blue Star and Camp Judaea, those both have, I\nbelieve, a fairly strong Zionist teaching philosophy. I was wondering how your\nexperience growing up and your family's experience ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as one half being practical\nZionists and having moved to Israel, how that all came together for you?\n\nSTERN: I would say, one, I've always been a Zionist. I joined . . . A lot of\npeople don't know this. I'll give you a little background. Herman Popkin started\nCamp Blue Star. Harry Popkin was his brother. There was a third brother. He\ndied. His name was Ben. Herman Popkin, when Blue Star was just starting ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out, you\nknow what his job was? He was the Young Judaea Youth Director--the job I took on\nlater on. Harry Popkin ran B'nai Brith in District Five or whatever this\ndistrict is. When I was already ten or eleven years old, Herman Popkin came to\nNashville and he said, \"You really need to be a Zionist\" and all that. Great, I\nbecame . . . I belonged to Young Judaea. I never belonged to AGA or B'nai\nB'rith. Don't ask me about that. I was one of the only males that did that. At\nthat time, people didn't want to do Israeli dancing and all that kind of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stuff.\nI did and I was one of the first people. A lot of people don't know this -- but\nCamp Tel Yehudah, which is the Young Judaea senior camp, the only year it was\never in the South was 1952. It was in Hendersonville, North Carolina. A lot of\npeople don't know that. I went to camp there that year and learned how to do\nIsraeli dancing and all that. In fact, the first job I had with Doris Harris --\nthe reason I became Canoeing Director is because I was actually hired as the\nIsraeli Dance ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Instructor but the Canoeing Director resigned and the Director\nsaid, \"You're going to camp and you're going to learn how to be the Canoeing\nDirector.\" I did that at Blue Star too. I taught . . . Larry Cooper and I--Larry\nCooper of Carol Cooper fame or visa versa--he and I used to teach Israeli\ndancing at Blue Star all the time. Friday nights we did that. The only other\npart of that story is when I became the Young Judaea Youth Director [in] 1961, I\nused to have to travel the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Southeast. I went to Miami, Florida, where my\ngreat-uncle . . . whatever he is, related to me--Mortimer May--lived. Now, here\nwas this guy, the biggest Zionist, took me out for dinner because I couldn't\nafford it. I was maybe making fifty dollars a week doing this job. He would take\nme out to dinner. He lived on Arden Road, which is a really nice road in Miami.\nI'd make sure . . . I had to go to Miami a lot because all the Jews lived in\nMiami. That's where I was getting most of my people from. Every time, I made\nsure to go to his ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"house because he would take me out to dinner, more than me\ngetting a McDonald's hamburger--it was about all I could afford. He looked at me\nand he said, \"You are the only one in my family I'm proud of because you're the\nonly real Zionist,\" because he thought being in Young Judaea, I had to be a\nZionist. I've always been a Zionist. I love Israel. There's just not enough you\ncan do to support Israel. I don't have to tell anybody here that. I've been a\nvery ardent ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Zionist. I've always felt that way. No, I've never had the intent to\nlive there, but I love going there, and I love that all my family is there, and\nthey're great people.\n\nBERMAN: That is wonderful. On that note, I think that is it unless you would\nlike to say anything else that we have maybe left out.\n\nSTERN: I've got many other stories I'll share with y'all at some point. I told\nyou the story about the hundred-year-old lady I just had her birthday. She's got\na whole lot of stories that I want ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to deal with. I want you to see my mother's\ntapes. They're incredible.\n\nBERMAN: We can do a follow-up if there are things that . . .\n\nSTERN: I don't mean necessarily have to be on tape. I'll just share all that\nwith you. They used to do a theater . . . My mother lived at the Renaissance.\nThey used to say \"Blanche in Hollywood\" because she was . . . I really need to\nsee them again because I want to see . . . A lot of the history I learned not\njust from talking to her but also off these tapes.\n\nBERMAN: Your mother sounds ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like she was a really remarkable person.\n\nSTERN: You'd go to anybody, any of my friends . . . she was incredible. Luckily\nfor me until maybe two weeks before she died, she was in great spirits and\npretty much in good health, and never lost [her mental facilities].\n\nBERMAN: That is wonderful.\n\nSTERN: Her reason for not losing it was she ate a garlic clove every day. She\nsaid that's what keeps you going.\n\nBERMAN: Did she come to Atlanta right after you did?\n\nSTERN: No. My ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mother and daddy lived in Nashville and my daddy died in 1989. In\n1993 . . . She waited four years. I kept telling her, \"You need to come to\nAtlanta.\" She'd come here for the holidays and all that kind of stuff. When you\nsee her tapes, she really has a lot of stuff to tell. I'm trying to remember.\nThere are probably a lot of other stories about my wife and, of course, I told\nyou the story about her ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sister. I make it a habit when I run into to anybody\nthat's a Holocaust--like you're doing it professionally--[I say], \"Tell me about\nit. Where did you come from? What did you do? How long were you there?\"\n\nBERMAN: Her last name was Prager? It is interesting because we do have files on\nall these Pragers that came through the Joint plus the German-Jewish Refugee\nChildrens' Service. I'm just wondering if we look at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=4830.0,4860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/transcript/24702/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it if there's any connection.\n\nSTERN: I've never met . . . I used to pick my wife's brain on that. I've never\nmet anybody that she was related to named Prager, because Prager . . . I\nwouldn't say it's a common name, but it's not uncommon. There are a lot of\nPragers running around. But I never met anybody.\n\nBERMAN: Alright.\n\nSTERN: Amen. Thank you.\n\nBERMAN: Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=4860.0,4890.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBrussels is the capital of Belgium. It is located approximately 200 kilometers (124 miles) south of Amsterdam, Netherlands.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFrankfurt [German:Frankfurt am Main] is a central German city on the Main River. It is the largest financialcenter in continental Europe. Prior to World War II, Frankfurt was notable as having the largest timber-framed oldtown in Europe, but much of the city was destroyed during the war and rebuilt afterward.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBad Schwalbach(calledLangenschwalbachuntil 1927) is a spa town inwestern Germany, approximately 50kilometers (31 miles) west of Frankfurt.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eZionism is a movement that supports a Jewish national state in the territory defined as the Land of Israel. AlthoughZionism existed before the nineteenth century, in the 1890’s Theodor Herzl popularized it and gave it a newurgency, as he believed that Jewish life in Europe was threatened and a State of Israel was needed. The State ofIsrael was established in 1948 and Zionism today is expressed as support for the continued existence of Israel\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAmid an economic depression and increasing political instability in Germany, Adolf Hitler and his party, theNational Socialist German Workers' Party [German:Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei; also known asthe NSDAPor Nazi Party) rapidly rose to power. In 1932, the Nazi party was elected to fill more seats in theReichstag(parliament) than any other party. In 1933, democratically elected President Paul von Hindenburgappointed Hitler Chancellor of Germany, a position responsible for leading theReichstag. As Chancellor, he begantransforming his position into a dictatorial one. When the President died in 1934, Hitler declared himself head ofstate and effectively became absolute dictator of Germany under the title ofFuhrer(German:Führer).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1897, the Zionist Organization of America is the oldest pro-Israel organization in the United States. Itis dedicated to educating the public, elected officials, media, and college/high school students about Israel and topromoting strong United States-Israel relations.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGermans forces invaded Belgium on May 10, 1940. King Leopold III stayed in Belgium, but the prime ministerand many cabinet members fled the country for London, where they set up a government-in-exile. A German military  administration coexisted with the Belgian civil service, but due to competition for power between theGerman military administration and the SS, anti-Jewish measures were enacted more slowly in Belgium than inother occupied countries, so that some large Jewish businesses and real estate properties stayed under the control oftheir Jewish owners during the war. Nevertheless, of the 66,000 Jews in Belgium, 34,801 were imprisoned ordeported during the Holocaust, and of those, 28,902 perished. The capital city of Brussels did not suffer systematic bombing raids during the war, but the civilian population was oppressed by German policies. Much of Belgium wasliberated in September 1944, although fighting continued as German troops offered resistance throughout the country and launched the Ardennes Offensive in December. By February 1945, the country was reported to be free of German troops.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eToulouseis a city in Southwestern France,not far from the border with Spain\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA kibbutz [Hebrew: ‘gathering’ or ‘clustering’] is a collective community in Israel traditionally based on agriculture. They began as utopian communities that combined socialism and Zionism. In a kibbutz, children typically were housed away from their parents, in a separate building, with one or more caregivers, while their parents slept collectively in another building.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLyon is the third-largest city in France. It is located in eastern France.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAuschwitz-Birkenau was a network of camps built and operated by Germany just outside the Polish town ofOswiecem (renamed ‘Auschwitz’ by the Germans) in Polish areas annexed by Germany during World War II. It isestimated that the SS and police deported at a minimum 1.3 million people (approximately 1.1 million of whichwere Jews) to the Auschwitz-Birkenau complex between 1940 and 1945. Camp authorities murdered 1.1 million ofthese prisoners. Prisoners slept on wooden bunk beds in primitive wooden barracks. There were 36 bunks per barrack; 5 to 6 prisoners were packed on a shelf to fit over 500 prisoners per barracks.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLike many concentration camps, the conditions in the Gurs camp were very primitive. It was overcrowded and there was a constant shortage of water, food, and clothing\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVichy France, known officially as theFrench State(État français), was the government headed by Marshal Philippe Petain (French: Pétain) from July 1940, after the Germans invaded France, until September 1944, when the Allies liberated France. An armistice signed in June 1940 divided France into two zones: one under German militaryoccupation and one left under French sovereignty (the Vichy government). Although it was officially neutral, Vichy France collaborated closely with Germany. The Vichy government was complicit with German racial policies,aiding and cooperating with the detainment and deportation of Jews from both occupied and unoccupied France\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDunkirk was a pivotal point in World War II history. In May 1940, the British and French forces were driven backto Dunkirk on the coast of France and just across the Channel from Great Britain. Surrounded by Germans, several hundred thousand soldiers were about to be wiped out or taken prisoner by the Germans. Winston Churchill orderedany ship or available boat, large or small, to pick up the stranded soldiers. Some 861 ships, including any boat thatcould even remotely float, responded to his call. In nine days fromMay 27 to June 4, 1940, 338,226 men (includingFrench, English, Polish, Belgian and Dutch troops) were spirited off the beach under murderous German artilleryand aircraft fire at great risk. Some 40,000 soldiers were not rescued and were captured and left to make their ownway home. All of their equipment and ammunition had to be left behind. It was a bittersweet victory as Dunkirk wasin actuality a terrible defeat. Winston Churchill called it a“miracle of deliverance,”while at the same time warning that“wars are not won by evacuation.”After Dunkirk, Germany controlled of large parts of continental Europe, which came to be known as “Fortress Europe.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThroughout the 1930’s, isolationism and xenophobic sentiments allowed a restrictive immigration policy top revail in the United States. Although aware of and sympathetic to the plight European Jews faced, President Roosevelt was also preoccupied by a severe economic depression. Fierce political opposition in Congress resulted in the failure to increase immigration quotas. TheImmigration Act of 1924 (The Johnson-Reed Act) hadlimited thenumber of immigrants allowed entry into the United States through a national origins quota. The quota providedimmigration visas to two percent of the total number of people of each nationality in the United States as of the 1890national census. It completely excluded immigrants from Asia and severely limited the immigration of Eastern Europeans. It remained in place throughout World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAn Affidavit of Support and Sponsorship was among the criteria applicants seeking an entry visa into the United States during the 1930s and 1940s had to meet. This required two sponsors who were United States citizens or had permanent resident status. Sponsors had to provide proof of their financial status (Federal tax returns and an affidavit from their bank and employer) to ensure that the immigrants would not become dependent upon social welfare programs. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHIAS was founded in 1881. Its original purpose was the help the constant flow of Jewish immigrants from Russian in relocating. During and after World War II, they had offices throughout Europe, South and Central America and the Far East. They worked to get Jews out of Europe and to any country that would have them by providing tickets and information about visas. After World War II, they assisted 167,000 Jews to leave DP camps and emigrate elsewhere. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (commonly called “the Joint”) is a worldwide Jewish relief organization headquartered in New York. It was established in 1914.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlso known as the Ardennes Offensive (December 16, 1944 through January 25, 1945), the Battle of the Bulge was a major German offensive launched toward the end of World War II through the densely forested Ardennes mountain region in Belgium.  Hitler threw everything he had into trying to drive the Allies back and stopping their advance out of Normandy, France.  The Germans achieved nearly complete surprise during a period of heavy overcast weather, which grounded the Allies’ air forces.  The Germans nearly broke through (“the Bulge”) the Allied lines.  Nearly 19,000 Allied troops were killed and 62,000 wounded and 26,000 missing or captured.   The Germans suffered nearly 85,000 casualties before they were pushed back.  It was the largest and bloodiest battle fought in World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAnne Frank (1929-1945) was a German-Jewish girl whose family fled to Amsterdam and, after the Germans occupied the Netherlands in World War II, went into hiding with her family and others. After almost two years, they were discovered and deported to concentration camps. Anne died in Bergen-Belsen in April 1945, at the age of 15. Anne’s father, Otto Frank, is the only one of the eight people in hiding to survive. After the war, Anne became world famous because of the diary she wrote while in hiding.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eV-mail, short for Victory Mail, was a mail process used by the United States during the Second World War as the primary and secure method to correspond with soldiers stationed abroad. The process involved microfilming specially designed letter sheets. Instead of using valuable cargo space to ship whole letters overseas, microfilmed copies were sent in their stead and then \"blown up\" at an overseas destination before being delivered to military personnel. The system of microfilming letters was based on the use of special V-mail letter-sheets, which were a combination of letter and envelope. The letter-sheets were constructed and gummed so as to fold into a uniform and distinctively marked envelope.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eStarbucks Corporation is an American coffee company and coffeehouse chain founded in Seattle, Washington in 1971.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBuckhead is an area located northwest of Downtown Atlanta with gracious homes, elegant hotels, shopping centers, restaurants, and high-rise condominium and office buildings.  Buckhead is a major commercial and financial center of the Southeast, and it is the third-largest business district in Atlanta, behind Downtown and Midtown.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePublix is a supermarket chain operating in the southeastern United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBrown v. Board of Education of Topeka was a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court that declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students unconstitutional. The ruling paved the way for integration and the civil rights movement.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe May Hosiery Mill was established in Nashville, Tennesee in 1909 by Jacob Mill, a Jewish immigrant form Germany. May served as president and then as chairman of the board until his death; his sons Mortimer and Dan operated the sock mill after that. The family sold the plant to Wayne-Gassard Company of Chattanooga in 1965. Renfro Corporation bought the plant in the summer of 1983 from Wayne-Gassard but closed it in 1985.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHanukkah [Hebrew: dedication] is an eight-day festival of lights usually falling around Christmas on the Christian calendar. Hanukkah celebrates the victory of the Maccabees in 165 BCE over the Seleucid rules of Palestine, who had desecrated the Temple. The Maccabees wanted to re-dedicate the Temple altar to Jewish worship by rekindling the menorah but could only find one small jar of ritually pure olive oil. This oil continued to burn miraculously for eight days, enabling them to prepare new oil.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe dreidel is a four-sided spinning top that children play with on Hanukkah. Each side is imprinted with a Hebrew letter. These letters are an acronym for the Hebrew words “A great miracle happened there,” referring to the miracle of the oil that lasted eight days.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVanderbilt University is a private research university in Nashville, Tennessee with many distinguished alumni and affiliates.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDan May (1898–1982) was a Nashville, Tennessee business, educational and civic leader. May was an active member and trustee of many civic and educational organizations in the Nashville area. He was as an alumnus and long-time member of the board of trustees of Vanderbilt University.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBlue Star Camps is a private Jewish summer camp for children ages six to sixteen It is located in Western North Carolina.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCamp Judaea is a Jewish, Israel-centered summer camp for boys and girls ages seven through fifteen. It was established in 1961 near the town of Henderson, in the mountains of western North Carolina.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDoris Goldstein was born Doris Harris in New Orleans, Louisiana. She is an active member in the Jewish community of Atlanta, Georgia. During the Cold War, she and her husband, Martin, were strong supporters of Soviet Jewry. Doris served as Chairman of the Atlanta Jewish Federation’s Soviet Jewry Committee for three years, as well as on the Executive Committee and Board of Governors of the National Conference on Soviet Jewry. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLila Beverly Young Reisman (1928-2003) was an active member of the Atlanta, Georgia Jewish community. She served as President of the Southeast region of Hadassah and was a member of the National Board of Hadassah. In 1959, she led the Young Judaea summer program in Israel and then spent several years working at Camp Judaea at Blue Star. She was as one of the founders of Camp Judaea in Hendersonville, North Carolina. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCamp Kawaga is a sports centered summer camp in Minocqua, Wisconsin for boys 7-16 years old.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNative Atlantan, philanthropist and community leader Erwin Zaban (1921-2010) was known by many as the ‘Godfather of the Jewish Community.’ After quitting school to help in his father’s Depression-era business at age 15, Zaban built successful businesses worth billions of dollars and donated millions to worthy causes. He worked alongside his parents to build Zep Manufacturing Company. Zep later merged with National Linen and became National Service Industries, a Fortune 500 Company. He donated and raised money for undeveloped land in Dunwoody that became Zaban Park, home of the Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta. He donated money to the Jewish Home, for which the Zaban Tower is named. He helped create the homeless couples’ shelter at The Temple which bears his name.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSidney Feldman (1921-2005) was a leader of many organizations, both nationally and in Atlanta. Among his many honors were the B’nai B’rith Man of the Year, the Anti-Defamation League Abe Goldstein Human Relation's Award, Prime Minister's Medallion on the 25th anniversary of Israel, the National Council of Christians and Jews ‘Good Neighbor Award,’ and the American Jewish Committee Award for Advancing Understanding Among All People. He was National Vice-President of United Jewish Appeal, President Emeritus of the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta and past president of several organizations including the William Breman Jewish Home, and the Marcus Jewish Community Center.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCamp Barney Medintz is an overnight Jewish summer camp near Cleveland, Georgia in the North Georgia mountains. It was founded in 1963 and named in honor of Barney Medintz, a prominent Jewish leader in Atlanta, who died in 1960.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEmanuel Feldman (b. 1927) is an Orthodox rabbi and Rabbi Emeritus of Congregation Beth Jacob of Atlanta, Georgia. He was born to a family of Orthodox rabbis dating back more than seven generations. During his nearly 40 years at Beth Jacob beginning in 1952, he nurtured the growth of Atlanta’s Orthodox community from a city with two small Orthodox synagogues to a community large enough to support Jewish day schools, yeshivas, girls’ schools and a kollel. He is a past vice-president of the Rabbinical Council of America and former editor of Tradition: The Journal of Orthodox Jewish thought published by the RCA. In 1991, his son, Rabbi Ilan Feldman, succeeded him.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta is the primary Jewish community center in Atlanta. It is located in Dunwoody, north of the city, and offers family-centric programs and events with programs, events, and classes that enrich the quality of family life The Atlanta Jewish Community Center (AJCC) on Peachtree Road in Midtown preceded it. It was named in honor of Bernard Marcus, one of the co-founders of Home Depot, who gave a major gift to the capital campaign. The Atlanta Jewish Community Center (AJCC) on Peachtree Road in Midtown preceded it. Atlanta Jewish Community Center was officially founded in 1910, as the Jewish Educational Alliance. In the late 1940s it evolved into the Atlanta Jewish Community Center and moved to Peachtree Street. It stayed there until 1998, when the building was sold and the center moved to Dunwoody. In 2000, it was renamed the ‘Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta.’\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorge Stern was President of the Marcus Jewish Community Center from 1981-83.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTemple Sinai was founded as a Reform congregation in 1968 and met in a variety of locations before establishing a synagogue on Dupree Drive in Sandra Springs, north of Atlanta. Rabbi Richard Lehrman was chosen as the congregation's founding rabbi. The current rabbi is Rabbi Ron Segal (2019).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Richard J. Lehrman (1938-1979) was born in Pennsylvania and came to Atlanta, Georgia in 1965. In 1968, he was chosen as the newly formed Temple Sinai congregation's founding rabbi. Rabbi Lehrman continued to serve the congregation as its rabbi until his death in November 1979. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Jewish Committee (AJC) was founded in 1906 to safeguard the welfare and security of Jews worldwide.  It is one of the oldest Jewish advocacy organizations in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Amit Program was a non-profit organization that provided centralized Jewish special education to special needs children in the Atlanta area who were visually-impaired, hearing-impaired, or learning disabled. The program that operated in Atlanta, Georgia from 2001 until 2013. It operated the The Amit Gar'inim School, a Jewish day school on the Davis Academy campus, that served children with moderate to severe learning disabilities and/or developmental disabilities in kindergarten through eighth grade.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Davis Academy is a private Jewish day school in Atlanta, Georgia for students from kindergarten preparatory through eighth grade.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYoung Judaea is a peer-led Zionist youth movement founded in 1909 for Jewish youth in grades 2–12. Its programs include youth clubs, conventions, summer camps and Israel programs that provide experiential programming through which Jewish youth and young adults build meaningful relationships with their peers, emphasize social action, and develop a lifelong commitment to Jewish life, the Jewish people, and Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eZaban Park in Dunwoody is home to the Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta. The area is named for philanthropist and community leader Erwin Zaban who gave and raised money for what was formerly undeveloped pastureland.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBeth Jacob is an Orthodox synagogue on LaVista Road in Atlanta founded in 1942 by former members of Ahavath Achim who were looking for a more Orthodox congregation. Beth Jacob is now Atlanta’s largest Orthodox congregation. The congregation first met in a rented grocery store on Parkway Drive. It moved to a permanent location on Boulevard when it purchased and renovated a two-story apartment building. In 1956, it converted the Tabernacle Baptist Church on Boulevard to a synagogue. It built its current synagogue building on a five-acre lot on LaVista Road in 1961. Rabbi Joseph Safra was the congregation’s first permanent rabbi in 1951, followed by Rabbi Emanuel Feldman from 1952 to 1991. Rabbi Ilan Feldman has been the congregation’s rabbi since his father Emanuel’s retirement in 1991.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKosher/Kashrut is the set of Jewish dietary laws that dictate how food is prepared or served and which kinds of foods or animals can be eaten.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the Written Torah and the Oral Law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays and more.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Yossi New is originally from Melbourne, Australia but came to Atlanta, Georgia from New York in 1984. He is the rabbi at Congregation Beth Tefillah and serves as the Director of Chabad of Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFred Glusman (1932-) was born in Germany and came to America with his parents, Bernard and Anna, in 1937. He received his B.A. degree from Vanderbilt University. He then served in the Army as a Chaplain. Following his service, Fred moved to Huntsville, Alabama, where he worked as a manager at the Huntsville Electric Supply Company. While in Huntsville, he served as President of the Alabama State Association of B’nai B’rith, helped found the conservative congregation of Etz Chaim, and was active in the Boy Scouts. Fred later moved to Atlanta, Georgia, where he became involved in the Jewish community. He served as executive director of Beth Jacob for 26 years and assistant kosher supervisor for the assisted living community in Sandra. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe cantor [Hebrew: chazzan] is the official in charge of music or chants and leads liturgical prayer and chanting in the synagogue. Cantor Bernard Glusman was born in Zurich, Switzerland, in 1907, while his parents Leopold and Sima Glusman were en route to Germany from Russia. At the age of 15 he sand in the choir of the largest synagogue in Frankfurt, Germany. At 22, he conducted his first service. He attended the Yeshiva Seminary and Conservatory in Frankfurt. In 1931 he married his wife, Anna, and became a cantor in Giessen, Germany. In 1937, Cantor Glusman and his family immigrated to the United States. Upon his arrival, Glusman worked as a cantor, and teacher and a shochet at the Sons of Israel Synagogue in Newburgh, N.Y. In 1946, Glusman became the cantor at the West End Synagogue in Nashville, Tennessee, where he served with distinction until his retirement in 1979.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAhavath Achim Congregation (often referred to as “AA”) was organized in 1886 as Congregation Ahawas Achim (Brotherly Love) and is Atlanta’s second oldest Jewish congregation. Organized by Jews of Eastern European descent, the congregation’s founding members felt uncomfortable in the established Hebrew Benevolent Congregation (The Temple) comprised primarily of Jews from Germany, who by the late 1800s had begun to liberalize their Orthodox doctrine.  Originally located in a rented room at 106 Gilmer Street, the congregation would make a succession of moves, to 120 Gilmer Street, to a hall on Decatur Street in 1895, to its first building in 1901 on the corner of Gilmer Street and Piedmont Avenue, to its second building on Washington Street in 1921, and finally, to its present location on Peachtree Battle Avenue in 1958. Four different Rabbis, Rabbi Mayerovitz (1901 – 1905); Rabbi Joseph Meyer Levine (1905) – 1915); Rabbi Yood (1915 – 1919); and Rabbi A.P. Hirmes (1919 – 1928) provided spiritual leadership for Ahavath Achim until 1928, when Rabbi Harry H. Epstein was hired as Rabbi.  He retained that position for the next 50 years. Rabbi Epstein became Rabbi Emeritus in 1986 and was succeeded by Rabbi Arnold Goodman. During the early years of Rabbi Epstein’s tenure, he slowly made innovations and modifications in congregational activities. By 1952, Ahavath Achim joined the Conservative Movement, with the most noticeable shift from Orthodoxy being the gradual change to mixed seating. Today, Ahavath Achim Congregation is the largest Conservative congregation in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBuilt in 1952, the Bitsy Grant Tennis Center (BGTC) was once the headquarters of the Atlanta Lawn Tennis Association (ALTA), the country’s largest grass roots tennis organization. It is located in the Springlake/South Buckhead area of Atlanta, Georgia. Considered the showplace for tennis in the Southeast, the BGTC hosted ALTA’s Atlanta Invitational tournament, drawing the great national players of the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s to Bitsy Grant. Today, BGTC is the largest public tennis facility in Atlanta with the only public clay courts available.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn November 8 and 9, 1938, the Nazis started a state-sponsored nationwide pogrom. Across the country (and in Austria) Jewish synagogues, homes and businesses were looted and burned, Jews were attacked on the streets and 91 were killed. Thousands of Jewish men were sent to concentration camps for several weeks and released only when they agreed to leave the country as soon as possible. The Jews were made to pay for the damages to their premises. The pogrom was called ‘Kristallnacht,’ which means ‘Night of Broken Glass,’ because of all the damage done to Jewish shop windows.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShanghai is a city located in east China at the mouth of the Yangtze River. In the 1930s and the early 1940s, Shanghai, China was an open city. It did not require visas or certificates of good conduct from Jewish immigrants. This leniency in immigration allowed between 15,000 to 18,000 European Jews fleeing Nazi racial policies and violence to find refuge there. As World War II intensified, the Nazis pressured their Japanese allies to participate in the Final Solution and hand over the Jewish refugees in Shanghai. The Japanese refused and instead established a ghetto in Shanghai, where between 20,000 and 25,000 Jews were confined for the duration of the war. The Shanghai Ghetto was an area in one of the poorest and most overcrowded sections of Shanghai, China. Unlike European ghettos constructed by the Nazis, the ghetto was not fenced in and Chinese residents were not required to leave. Jewish educational, religious, and cultural institutions were also allowed to continue and some Jews were able to get passes allowing them leave the ghetto. Conditions in the ghetto were difficult due to overcrowding. Residents were chronically short of necessities like food, clothing, and medicine. The majority of Jewish refugees in the Shanghai Ghetto did survive World War II, but overcrowding and limited supplies made severe hunger and illness widespread.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSigmund Freud (1856-1939) was an Austrian doctor who was the founding father of psychoanalysis.  Psychoanalysis was a clinical method for treating psychopathology through dialogue between the patient and psychoanalyst.  Freud postulated a complex theory of sexuality, dream analysis, and mental processes such as repression, death drive, aggression and neurotic guilt.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eErnst Blumenberg was born in 1888 and lived in Bad Nenndorf, Germany. He was imprisoned by the Nazi authorities in 1937, but later managed to flee to Shanghai, China, where he spent the duration of World War II. He later immigrated to the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 1949, Shanghai came under Communist control.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Southwestern Virginia Mental Health Institute (SWVMHI) opened as the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum in Marion, Virginia in 1887.The Southwestern Virginia Mental Health Institute (SWVMHI) opened as the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum in Marion, Virginia in 1887.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCentral State Hospital (CSH) in Milledgeville, Georgia opened in 1842 as Georgia’s first public psychiatric hospital. CSH services include psychiatric evaluation; treatment and recovery services for persons referred from various components of the state’s criminal justice and corrections systems.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRadford University is a public university in Radford, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorge served on the Board of the Breman Jewish Heritage and Holocaust Museum until the time of his death in 2014. He was also a speaker at the museum, teaching children from all over the American Southeast about the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThousands of German Jews and close to 6,000 Austrian Jews were arrested after Kristallnacht and deported to the Dachau or Buchenwald concentration camps in Germany. Most were released within a few weeks, but only if they promised to immigrate immediately, leaving their property behind.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYouth Aliyah is a Zionist organization that rescued over 5,000 Jewish children by the time World War II broke out in 1939. Hadassah, the Women’s Zionist Organization of America, supported Youth Aliyah from its inception in the 1930s, when it helped young Jewish refugees resettle in Palestine. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGermany invaded Denmark in April 1940.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWhen German authorities planned the deportation of Danish Jews in the fall of 1943, Danish authorities, Jewish community leaders, and countless private citizens facilitated a massive operation to get Jews into hiding or into temporary sanctuaries. Popular protests quickly came from various quarters such as churches, the Danish royal family, and various social and economic organizations. The Danish resistance, assisted by many ordinary Danish citizens as well as the Danish police and Danish government, organized a rescue operation that managed to take some 7,200 Jews and 700 of their non-Jewish relatives to safety in neutral Sweden. Despite the rescue efforts, the Germans seized about 470 Jews—mostly refugees from Germany or Eastern Europe—and deported them to the Theresienstadt ghetto in occupied Czechoslovakia. The Danish authorities and the Danish Red Cross vocally and insistently demanded information on their whereabouts and living conditions, prompting the International Red Cross to visit Theresienstadt in June 1944. In late April 1945, German authorities handed the Danish prisoners over to the custody of the Swedish Red Cross. In total, some 120 Danish Jews died during the Holocaust. This relatively small number represents one of the highest Jewish survival rates for any German-occupied European country.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCantor Isaac Goodfriend (1924-2009) served at Ahavath Achim in Atlanta from 1966 until his retirement in 1995 as Cantor Emeritus. Cantor Goodfriend was born into a Hassidic family in Poland. At the age of 16, he was interned in a German labor camp in Piotrkow, Poland. Escaping in 1944, he was hidden by a Polish farmer and was the only member of his family to survive the war. After the war, he attended the Berlin Conservatory of Music, McGill Conservatory of Music in Montreal, Conservatoire Provincial de Quebec, and later in Ohio at the Music School Settlement and Baldwin Wallace College. Before coming to Atlanta he served as cantor at Shaare Zion in Montreal, Canada in 1952, and later at Cleveland, Ohio’s Community Temple.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Federations of North America represents 153 Jewish Federations and over 300 network communities, which raise and distribute more than $3 billion annually for social welfare, social services and educational needs with the objective of protecting and enhancing the well-being of Jews worldwide.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCamp Coleman is a Reform Jewish summer camp in Cleveland, Georgia that was established in 1964.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Philip Kranz was the senior rabbi at Temple Sinai from 1980 until 2006. Prior to that, he served as rabbi of the Chicago Sinai congregation. He continues to serve the Atlanta Jewish community today and Temple Sinai as rabbi emeritus. (2014)\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Ronald Segal joined the Temple Sinai clergy in July 1996, serving as Assistant and then Associate Rabbi until he was named the congregation’s third Senior Rabbi in July 2006. Rabbi Segal is very active in the Atlanta Jewish community and is currently the President of the Central Conference of American Rabbis (CCAR), the international rabbinic organization of the Reform Movement (2019).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e In 1954, George was the recipient of the Ralph Sheppard award for outstanding young leadership in the Nashville, Tennessee Jewish community.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA bar mitzvah [Hebrew: son of commandment] is a rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day. At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes. He is now duty bound to keep the commandments, he puts on tefillin, and may be counted to the minyan quorum for public worship. He celebrates the bar mitzvah by being called up to the reading of the Torah in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHerman M. Popkin (1918-2002) was born in Augusta, Georgia. He served in the Signal Corps during World War II. After the war, he accepted a position as the regional director for the Zionist Youth Program before co-founding Blue Star Camps in Henderson County with his brothers Harry and Ben in 1948.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eB’nai B’rith Youth Organization (BBYO) is a Jewish youth movement for students in grades from 8 through 12. The organization emphasizes its youth leadership model in which teen leaders are elected by their peers on a local, regional and international level and are given the opportunity to make their own programmatic decisions.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCamp Tel Yehudah began in 1948 and is Young Judaea’s national teen leadership camp. It is located in Barryville, New York and provides immersive, summer experiences for Jewish teenagers from ages 13–17.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLarry Cooper is the husband of Carol Cooper, one of philanthropist Erwin Zaban’s three daughters. The Coopers are active members of Atlanta’s Jewish community.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Renaissance on Peachtree is an independent and assisted living community for senior citizens located in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/annotation_set/453/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSandra may be referring to the German Jewish Children's Aid (GJCA), an organization, based in America, which acted as the receiving organization for unaccompanied (and some orphaned) Jewish children emigrating primarily from Germany to the United States. The GJCA placed the children with foster families or with American relatives. Between 1933 and 1945, more than one thousand unaccompanied children fleeing Nazi persecution arrived in the United States thanks to the GJCA, who worked with the Children's Bureau of the US Labor Department, and with the help of the National Refugee Service.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=4830.0,4860.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/index/47801","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["George Stern [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/index/47801/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family History ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319#t=29.0,1463.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39733/file/111319/index/47801/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":" I was born in Brussels, Belgium [on] February 19, 1937. 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