{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/np1wd3rv27/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Feldman, Edmund"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2002-02-04 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Feldman, Edmund (Interviewee)","Sparer, Burt (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Audio"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther \u0026amp; Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Congregation Children of Israel"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eEdmund Feldman was interviewed by Burt Sparer on February 4, 2002 in Athens, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eEdmund Burke Feldman was born on May 6, 1924, in Bayonne, New Jersey and grew up in Newark, New Jersey. He was the oldest of three sons born to Lucian and Bertha Seldin Feldman. His father worked as a salesman and in other retail businesses. After high school, Feldman attended Syracuse University. He earned his master’s from the University of California, Los Angeles, and Ph.D. from Columbia University. After earning his Ph.D., Feldman worked as the Curator of Painting and Sculpture at the Newark Museum of Art. In 1953, he became an Associate Professor of Art at Livingston State University in Livingston, Alabama. He later became an Associate Professor of Art at Carnegie Mellon University and then Head of the Art Division at SUNY College in New York. In 1966, he became Professor of Art at the University of Georgia, where is taught until his retirement in 1991. In 1991, he became Professor Emeritus at the University of Georgia. Feldman is author of several books including, Varieties of Visual Experience, Practical Aet Criticism, and Philosophy of Art Education. Feldman served in the United States Army Air Force from 1942 to 1946. During World War II, he served in New Guinea and the Philippines. In 1953, he married Lailah Link. Lailah worked as a teacher and was active in theater all of her life. They had two daughters, Eva, born in 1955 and Jessica in 1957. They have one granddaughter, Nikki. Lailah passed away in 2000 and their daughter, Jessica passed away in 2014.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eFeldman begins the interview by sharing how he ended up in Athens, Georgia and teaching at the University of Georgia. He discusses the books he has written and how they have allowed him to lecture around the world. He talks about his educational background and his early career. He reflects on what it was like living in the Deep South during the 1960’s and how little antisemitism he and his wife faced living in Mississippi. Feldman remembers the antisemitism he faced when he was interviewing for a position in Illinois. He recalls how he met his wife, Lailah, and her career as a teacher and involvement with community theater. Feldman shares about his daughters and their Jewish education. He talks about his granddaughter and how she is their only grandchild. He discusses his family history and how his grandfather taught at Hebrew Union College. He reflects on the responsibility he feels for carrying on the tradition of American Jewry. Feldman talks about how his family history has directed his life course. Feldman reflects on how he feels the Holocaust has really impacted Jewish and the world’s history. He shares his views on Jews contributions to society, his lack of concern about Jewish assimilation into the culture, and the ongoing impact of Jews on society. He details his views on the good and bad Jewish attributes to American society. He reflects on issues that he feels are a challenge to society and how materialism has taken over in a negative way. Feldman also spoke of some positive things he has seen in our current society and the need for us to hold ourselves to the truth more and be less selfish. He shares what makes him proud of his Jewish heritage. He talks about his service in the Air Corp during World War II and how he benefited from the G.I. Bill. Feldman shares his thoughts on Israel achieving peace with their Arab neighbors, and the political factors that influence the issue. He discusses his views of the impact September 11, 2001, had on America’s foreign policy. He finishes the interview by reflecting on the people and events that influenced him.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Feldman, Edmund (personal name)","Feldman, Lailah Link (personal name)","Damato, Eva Feldman (personal name)","Feldman, Jessica (personal name)","Feldman, Ephraim (personal name)","Dodd, Lamar (personal name)","Schindel, Robert (personal name)","Gerson, Rabbi Ronald (personal name)","Skinner, B. F. (personal name)","Ferster, Charles (personal name)","Wasserman, William F. (personal name)","Neter, John (personal name)","Fisher, Gail (personal name)","Pilchik, Rabbi Ely (personal name)","Marcus, Rabbi Jacob (personal name)","Deutsch, Gotthard (personal name)","Wise, Rabbi Isaac (personal name)","de Gaulle, Charles (personal name)","Trilling, Lionel (personal name)","Arafat, Yasser (personal name)","Netanyahu, Benjamin (personal name)","Barak, Ehud (personal name)","Sharon, Ariel (personal name)","Lewis, Anthony (personal name)","Lawrence, T. E. (personal name)","Clinton, William Jefferson (personal name)","Carter, Jimmy (personal name)","Bush, George W. (personal name)","Reagan, Ronald (personal name)","Eisenhower, Dwight (personal name)","Rice, Condoleezza (personal name)","Niebuhr, Reinhold (personal name)","Kaplan, Abraham (personal name)","Athens, Georgia (geographic term)","Livingston, Alabama (geographic term)","Meridian, Mississippi (geographic term)","Newark, New Jersey (geographic term)","Paterson, New Jersey (geographic term)","Metuchen, New Jersey (geographic term)","Odesa, Ukraine (geographic term)","Savannah, Georgia (geographic term)","Cincinnati, Ohio (geographic term)","Congregation Children of Israel (corporate name)","State University of New York/SUNY (corporate name)","Syracuse University (corporate name)","University of California, Los Angeles/UCLA (corporate name)","Columbia University (corporate name)","University of Georgia (corporate name)","Livingston State College/University of West Alabama (corporate name)","Northern Illinois University (corporate name)","Montclair State University (corporate name)","Hebrew Union College (corporate name)","New York Times (corporate name)","Town and Gown Players (corporate name)","RKO/Radio-Keith-Orpheum (corporate name)","The United States Army Air Corp (corporate name)","Civil Rights Movement (named event)","Civil War (named event)","The Great Depression (named event)","World War II (named event)","The Holocaust (named event)","Oslo Accords (named event)","The September 11th Attacks (named event)","Black Belt (topical term)","Bible Belt (topical term)","Deep South (topical term)","G. I. Bill (topical term)","Antisemitism (topical term)","Pogrom (topical term)","Reform Judaism (topical term)","Yiddish (topical term)","Zionism (topical term)","Yom Kippur (topical term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eEdmund Feldman was interviewed by Burt Sparer on February 4, 2002 in Athens, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEdmund Burke Feldman was born on May 6, 1924, in Bayonne, New Jersey and grew up in Newark, New Jersey. He was the oldest of three sons born to Lucian and Bertha Seldin Feldman. His father worked as a salesman and in other retail businesses. After high school, Feldman attended Syracuse University. He earned his master\u0026rsquo;s from the University of California, Los Angeles, and Ph.D. from Columbia University. After earning his Ph.D., Feldman worked as the Curator of Painting and Sculpture at the Newark Museum of Art. In 1953, he became an Associate Professor of Art at Livingston State University in Livingston, Alabama. He later became an Associate Professor of Art at Carnegie Mellon University and then Head of the Art Division at SUNY College in New York. In 1966, he became Professor of Art at the University of Georgia, where is taught until his retirement in 1991. In 1991, he became Professor Emeritus at the University of Georgia. Feldman is author of several books including, Varieties of Visual Experience, Practical Aet Criticism, and Philosophy of Art Education. Feldman served in the United States Army Air Force from 1942 to 1946. During World War II, he served in New Guinea and the Philippines. In 1953, he married Lailah Link. Lailah worked as a teacher and was active in theater all of her life. They had two daughters, Eva, born in 1955 and Jessica in 1957. They have one granddaughter, Nikki. Lailah passed away in 2000 and their daughter, Jessica passed away in 2014.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFeldman begins the interview by sharing how he ended up in Athens, Georgia and teaching at the University of Georgia. He discusses the books he has written and how they have allowed him to lecture around the world. He talks about his educational background and his early career. He reflects on what it was like living in the Deep South during the 1960\u0026rsquo;s and how little antisemitism he and his wife faced living in Mississippi. Feldman remembers the antisemitism he faced when he was interviewing for a position in Illinois. He recalls how he met his wife, Lailah, and her career as a teacher and involvement with community theater. Feldman shares about his daughters and their Jewish education. He talks about his granddaughter and how she is their only grandchild. He discusses his family history and how his grandfather taught at Hebrew Union College. He reflects on the responsibility he feels for carrying on the tradition of American Jewry. Feldman talks about how his family history has directed his life course. Feldman reflects on how he feels the Holocaust has really impacted Jewish and the world\u0026rsquo;s history. He shares his views on Jews contributions to society, his lack of concern about Jewish assimilation into the culture, and the ongoing impact of Jews on society. He details his views on the good and bad Jewish attributes to American society. He reflects on issues that he feels are a challenge to society and how materialism has taken over in a negative way. Feldman also spoke of some positive things he has seen in our current society and the need for us to hold ourselves to the truth more and be less selfish. He shares what makes him proud of his Jewish heritage. He talks about his service in the Air Corp during World War II and how he benefited from the G.I. Bill. Feldman shares his thoughts on Israel achieving peace with their Arab neighbors, and the political factors that influence the issue. He discusses his views of the impact September 11, 2001, had on America\u0026rsquo;s foreign policy. He finishes the interview by reflecting on the people and events that influenced him.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Feldman__Edmund_hifi.wav"]},"duration":3076.02952,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/252/724/original/Feldman__Edmund_hifi.wav?1727097994","type":"Audio","format":"audio/wav","duration":3076.02952,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Feldman, Edmund [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e This tape is part of the Congregation Children of Israel Heritage Program, organized in 2001, the Jewish year 5762. On this, I'm talking with Edmund Feldman. It's Monday, February 4, 2002. Thank you, Ed for adding your history to our temple heritage. Our purpose is to record the oral history of temple members. We are also asking them to express their views, as views of our time on important issues that future generations of Jews in Athens, Georgia can know their heritage and add their own stories to it. Ed, I'd like to start by asking, what brought you to Athens? When did you come here? What did you do after you got here?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=0.0,51.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Burt, we came in 1966 to the university. I had been teaching and administering in the State University of New York, upstate 90 miles north of Broadway, is what I'll call it. I was invited here by Lamar Dodd, who was the patron saint of the arts in Georgia and in the Southeast. He was very remarkable man. I . . . had a very fulfilling career from 1966 until I retired in about 1991.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=51.0,87.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e You are now a Regents Professor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=87.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Alumni Foundation. It's a mouthful, Alumni Foundation Distinguished Professor of Art, which with a quarter might get you a cup of coffee.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=90.0,102.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e I'll take the coffee.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=102.0,104.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e But they did treat me very well. I was able to write extensively. I taught mostly graduate courses and lectured extensively in the United States and in all the English speaking world. Not because I was especially good at it, but I published a successful book which was very widely distributed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=104.0,126.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e What was it book?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=126.0,127.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e It was called a . . . The earliest editions was called Art as Image and Idea and the subsequent edition, there have been five or six called Varieties of Visual Experience. I've got about five or six such books out with Prentice Hall and Harry N. Abrams, who by the way was very famous Jewish publisher. Greatest publisher of live books in the world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=127.0,151.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e Tell us some of the countries that you lectured.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=151.0,153.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e All over England to Wales, Israel . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=153.0,156.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . On the continent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=156.0,161.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . Canada several times. On the continent, I don't believe in France, in Australia and New Zealand. This is the English speaking world where they read my . . . all my books, friends have told me it’s in the Louvre. Here again, I don't take great credit for it, but the pictures are beautiful, and I took a lot of pleasure in choosing works of art for it.  All the world's great museums and some non-museum art. It's been a lot of success, and it gave me a certain visibility of appeal that ordinarily, I wouldn't have had.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=161.0,196.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e I attended one of your lectures here in Athens recently where you presented pictures from the book and ideas that you have written about in that book. I thought it was, an hour presentation was one of the most entertaining and brilliant pieces of time that I've ever spent anywhere. It was just wonderful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=196.0,217.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e You're too kind. Now that I'm getting older, I'm more of an entertainer than a scholar. But I did develop a good reputation as an art critic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=217.0,228.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e Right. You got your degree or degrees where?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=228.0,234.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Syracuse, where I studied to train to be a painter, portrait painter. I didn't succeed very well at that at all, but I was an adequate student, and I decided to go the academic route. This would have been in . . . 1949, 1950. I went on got a degree in art history at UCLA [University of California, Los Angeles] and then a doctorate in fine arts education at Teachers College, Columbia. From there I became a museum curator in Newark [New Jersey]. Bob Schindel knows Newark very well, and the whole Bamberger family . . . Great department store family, which sponsored the construction of the museum, which I was curator of painting and sculpture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=234.0,283.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e Where were some of the places that you worked between the time you left Newark and the time you came to the University of Georgia?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=283.0,289.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I wanted to get out of museum work, which I found a little stodgy. I went to Livingston, Alabama. Even though I had a doctorate, it was hard for me to get a job anyplace else. Some crazy college president down there hired me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=289.0,311.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e What was the college?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=311.0,312.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e It was Livingston State College, right in the so-called Black Belt of Alabama. Our first child, Eva, was born in Meridian, in Mississippi, it's about 35 miles away. I taught there for close to three years. From there we went up to . . . we're very happy by the way in this tiny, prototypical Southern Black Belt town.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=312.0,337.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . The years that you were there were roughly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=337.0,343.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e 1953 to 1956.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=343.0,347.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . That was the period just before the great expansion of Civil Rights.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=347.0,350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Our school is before the 1964 Supreme Court decision. Of course, our schools was . . . had less than a thousand students. They were determined to keep it all white, and they were prepared for turning away any blacks who were tempted to register.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=350.0,368.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yet on the other hand, deep in the Bible Belt as you were. You, if I'm correct in knowing this, you did not experience any personal antisemitism in the conduct of your work and your social life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=368.0,385.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e No, on the contrary, we were much beloved. The various churchmen, the Presbyterians and Baptist and Methodists and all were very kind to us and called on Lailah when she was having her baby and brought plates of steaming food. Antisemitism that I had experienced up North as a kid in the 1930's was, intention nasty in an industrial city like Newark where I grew up or Paterson [New Jersey], where Lailah grew up. No such thing in the South, I know there's antisemitism every place but . . . this social and economic situations, the class structure is entirely different than in the South. If you're white, of course, it's a very pleasant place to live in. [There's] a lot that Northern, North American Jews don't know about the treatment of Jews in Southern communities, in the Deep South, not just Memphis [Tennessee] or Nashville [Tennessee] or Chattanooga [Tennessee], where the New York Times family came from, but in smaller places like Meridian, Mississippi, which have, by the way, a temple, a Reform temple and a the very good one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=385.0,462.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e Meridian had one before Athens, Georgia had one . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=462.0,464.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . It might well have been. . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=464.0,466.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . In the 1950's . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=466.0,467.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . There's a famous office building called the Dreyfus building. You recognize the name Dreyfus Street . . . There . . . always have been Jews in the South, well as you know before the Civil War. They didn't go integrate in the communities and substantially intermarried and socially accepted.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=467.0,491.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you experience any personal antisemitism; however subtle it might have been once you arrived in Athens?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=491.0,497.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I wanted to get out of Livingston after three years and get another school. I have one of the few doctorates in my field, and I was invited to be head of the department at DeKalb State . . . is now a very major university in Illinois. When being driven back to the airport, the faculty person said, \"You know, Dr. Feldman there are some people here who wouldn't hire a Jew for that job.\" Which is his way of saying that I didn't get it, there was only a few candidates. Many years later, I was out on a lecture tour, and I got a phone call in my hotel room. They asked me, \"Would I come there to DeKalb to be dean or be interviewed to be dean?\" I said, \"No.\" It was right after I had come to Georgia and I said, \"No, I just got to Georgia and I'm very happy . . . here.\" They said, \"We'll come out here anyway [and] talk to us. See if we can think about it.\" I politely withdrew . . . [It was] another person entirely, and obviously the climate had changed, and they knew that the name Feldman was not O'Reilly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=497.0,575.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e This invitation came after the publication of your first book.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=575.0,583.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, it came out and the year I came to Athens, 1966. My first book and my biggest book really came out, put my name on the map.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=583.0,592.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e Thus invitation for perhaps.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=592.0,594.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Quite possibly. I had been busy from 1953 to 1966. I had done things, so I had a certain visibility, but they didn't know about the prior incident, which was spoken to me in confidence anyway.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=594.0,612.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e One of the small ironies of a long [career]. Tell us about Lailah. How you met? What the path of her career was, in addition to raising a couple of kids.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=612.0,624.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e After the war, I had a few buddies there, core buddies there, Charlie Ferster was an associate and co-author with B. F. Skinner at Harvard, by the way, in psychology. Bill Wasserman was a friend of John Neter, by the way, co-author with John Neter, and a few others. Anyway, Charlie Ferster's fiancée, Marilyn was a Latin teacher, and she'd gone to college with a gal. She fixed me up with. It was Lailah. They had both gone to Montclair. They both were high school teachers. Lailah was a teacher of speech and drama. This would have been 1947, something like that. It took us five to six years before we got around to getting married, but we were very much in love. When I got my job and a doctorate. No, I didn't have a job when I . . . Lailah was teaching in Metuchen, New Jersey. By the way, one of our students was Gail Fisher. Did you ever hear of her? She was the beautiful black actress, but she was just a schoolgirl then. But Lailah taught her drama, and she played in the film Mannix. I think she was one of the best early black TV actresses. She's just passed away a couple of years ago but was always grateful to Lailah. We brought her here to Athens, and she recited poems and what have you. But anyway, we got married and life opened up for us. We got married in 1953, in Newark. I'm trying to remember. Rabbi [Ely] Pilchik was a trained scholar of Jewish responsive literature, [he] performed the writs, shall we say. I hope he's still alive, but I don't think so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=624.0,723.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e When you came to Athens, Lailah busied herself in a little theater here. Did she teach at all?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=723.0,732.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e She taught briefly. She was invited to teach here and even at Athens Academy, and she didn't. Lailah became extremely active in Town and Gown. She had founded the community theater group in New Paltz, New York when I worked for SUNY. It was about 90 miles off Broadway. She both acted and directed. She was totally dedicated to theater and would do anything, put up posters, raise money, look after the tickets for the blue haired ladies. She had, I think, had a very fulfilling career. It was very gratifying to me when she died two years ago that the temple was filled with everybody and else came. I think when I die, it'll be one or two or three people at most.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=732.0,782.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e You might want to stage a false memorial service and send out a lot of invitations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=782.0,789.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Maybe I won't know about it, but it was gratifying that she made many friends. She had been in theater and vaudeville during the depression. But she knew the business inside. Radio-Keith-Orpheum, RKO, the circuit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=789.0,806.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e Tell us a little bit about your children? Did they receive a Jewish education? What has happened to them?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=806.0,812.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e They both went to Sunday school here in Athens. We had a succession of rabbis. The congregation was small. I can't say the curriculum was terribly exciting. There didn't seem to be the magical number which creates ferment and excitement in the kids programs. But they have both married non-Jews and from one of them, Jessica, I have a granddaughter now 19, who lives with me by the way, and is a student at Oglethorpe. She is Jewish and rather forcefully announces it to you. She doesn't have the typical semitic look. She's a wonderful kid.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=812.0,862.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e Her interest by chance in the direction of yours or Lailah's?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=862.0,867.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e She seems to be a . . .  she's a good reader. She's interested in literature, and I guess psychology. She been [in] some plays here in town. She played, as a little girl, Tiny Tim in Dickens' Christmas Carol. They forced her hair under her hat. She was not a bad little actress. She's bright, and as you might imagine, she's our only grandchild, so very devoted to her.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=867.0,895.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e That's wonderful. As you know, family genealogy is almost a universal pastime in this country. Have you or did Lailah search out people in your roots and what did you find?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=895.0,913.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I fear not. We know our immediate ancestors. We know that our, my grandparents and Lailah's grandparents were Russian Jews. Indeed, Lailah's grandfather and my grandfather probably came from Odesa [Ukraine]. My grandfather, where we had many other grandfathers, I know less about them. My grandfather, as our rabbi knows, was a faculty member at Hebrew Union College in Cincinnati [Ohio] for 25 years. Apparently, a very exciting and even controversial professor there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=913.0,949.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e Did Rabbi Gerson know him?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=949.0,951.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e No, my grandfather died in 1911. I think he joined the faculty in maybe 1882 or 1883 after going through the school himself. We, Rabbi Gerson and I don't know whether he was ordained or not. He never had a pulpit. He immediately joined the faculty. I'll tell you one good story. Lailah and I were in Savannah [Georgia], and we went to the temple on Bull Street. Afterwards, I introduced myself to the rabbi and he said, \"Come back to sanctuary . . .\" He showed me the ordination paper of . . . an early rabbi named Solomon of that temple, and whose name was on it but my grandfather's.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=951.0,996.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, for goodness sake.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=996.0,997.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e It even had the librarian's name on it. They may have had six faculty members in the seminary, in HUC [Hebrew Union College] which I visited once. It was very moving to me. It was that 100 year old Professor Marcus, I believe whom our rabbi does know. Who was a great historian of American Jewry, who knew my grandfather well. Well, fairly well. At one time all the pulpits in the East were manned shall we say, by rabbis who had been students of my grandfather. But I never knew him.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=997.0,1036.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you feel some kind of special package on your shoulders for carrying this tradition of American Jewry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1036.0,1042.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I did because of curiosity. I just wondered who . . . I'd heard so much about my grandfather and Dr. Deutsch and Rabbi Wise, who were all colleagues. Not Stephen Wise, the other Wise. I was raised in, what is so called classical reform, which means I never learned Hebrew. But I've always . . . I've subscribed all my adult life to commentary, and they say psychologically, if the word Jew or Jewish appears on the page of the New York Times I'll find it. It's sort of special sensitivity or . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1042.0,1088.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . You do. . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1088.0,1089.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . I do, yes. Very conscious of being Jewish and unlike so many Northern Jews who come South, I never denied that I was Jewish. We never denied it. We rather gloried in it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1089.0,1105.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e Obviously, you have passed this on to your granddaughter as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1105.0,1109.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. If you cross her or say anything of mildly antisemitic to her, she'll fight you and beat you too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1109.0,1119.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e Then, I'll be certain not to do this. Then given this kind of background, perhaps you have many answers to this question. Are there some individuals or some particular events in the past which have directed the course of your life or have strongly influenced the way that you conducted your life, things that you've done.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1119.0,1149.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Some extent family history. On the Feldman side were my father's brothers, all who were given scholarships to HUC. I think only one of whom took advantage of it. There were intellectuals, and we've always respected people who were writers or artists. I was encouraged to be an artist, although I may not have had the right temperament for it, but I had certain skills. I think my subsequent development as a critic may have had something to do with midrash tradition of interpretation, which is so strong in Jewry. I'm in the Who's Who of World Jewry. I mentioned that as a son of the Jewish people, I'm interested in the interpretation of text.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1149.0,1197.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e You say you're in the . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1197.0,1202.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, I'm in all the Who's Who. That doesn't mean . . . anybody can get into them. But I am in Who's Who of World Jewry. All you have to do is be breathing in and out and be Jewish and fill out the questionnaire.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1202.0,1215.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e You're very good at citing yourself in a false modest way, but we'll take it as part of your professional makeup that you do these things from time to time. Any particular event that might have caused you to take the other road in the course of your long career?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1215.0,1238.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e About the Jewish subject. It seems to me that anybody who has a feel for Jewish history in its totality up to the present, the central event of . . . my World War II generation . . . was the Holocaust. Which is very hard to come to terms with, to this day, in which you test your religiosity, your faith and still does. It almost seems that world history is divided into two parts, before the Holocaust and afterwards, which is to me a vastly larger event then the expulsion from Spain and various other pogroms. It's a massive, massive event. Leads us to question, we Jews that is, progressive Jews, Reform Jews, what have you, not to mention observant, so called, Jews question all the assumptions we have. It has been a tremendous . . . for me even an emotional burden all my life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1238.0,1303.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e One of our other temple members that recorded his story on tape recently for the series, does trace, Jon Amster, does trace ancestors to expulsion from Spain during that period. But there's a lot of lost history between then and now that he can't really come to terms with.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1303.0,1327.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Jewish history is coterminous with European history, really. From the fourth or fifth century to the 20th century, and to think that . . . this people have destroyed the Yiddish language, which I knew at one time fairly well from my grandmother is lost substantial. I know there are efforts to revive it and maintain it. But particularly Georgia Yiddish culture is diminishing and this very, very gifted people . . . I have great trouble, difficulty rationalizing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1327.0,1365.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e This kind of leads me to another question, I'd like to ask you. There are some people in this country, Jews, who feel that assimilation, if it continues, that is to say intermarriage between Jews and gentiles [non-Jewish] will gradually lead to the assimilation of the Jewish population into the general population. At some future day, perhaps, there will be no more Jews. How do you feel about this?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1365.0,1398.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I have a theory about this which I've expressed to Rabbi Gerson adult ed classes, which is that [Charles] de Gaulle wasn't crazy about Jews who thought they were culturally aggressive and so forth. He was right about that. The Jews were very culturally creative. This small . . . this hidden remnant, so to speak, what is it 2% of the American population is immensely potent culturally, not to mention financially and so forth. I think we have played a role in the development not only of Western civilization, but of American civilization out of proportion to our numbers. We'll continue to play such a role. Not the most attractive role, by the way. We're responsible for some very, I think very ugly features of American culture and some of the good things too we're responsible for so that biological assimilation, so to speak, will not be the end of the Jewish idea. I think that we are making our neighbors, our non-Jewish neighbors more like us. That's the bottom line.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1398.0,1476.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e Biologically. What about . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1476.0,1480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . Not biologically. I meant, culturally.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1480.0,1482.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e Culturally. What about the practitioner, the Jewish believer and practitioner, if assimilation continues over time, over another hundred years or so? If it does, do we diminish the force of the Jewish presence in the United States, in spite of the contributions thus far.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1482.0,1503.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Let's be specific now. Almost all the Ivy League college presidents in my time have become Jews, and it was unthinkable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1503.0,1512.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e What another irony.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1512.0,1516.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Of both men and women. Lionel Trilling was . . . the first Jew to be hired as the English faculty at Columbia. When Christian [indistinct:","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1516.0,1524.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"possibly: Fetterman] applied they said, \"We have one Jew. That's it.\" Now, of course I hesitate to say how many Harvard, and Smith, and Wellesley, and Dartmouth and Pennsylvania professors are Jews and observant Jews. These are institutions which are exceedingly potent in the dissemination of values and ideas.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1524.0,1558.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e Speak to it, kind of intellectual elite, while at the same time your daughters and many of the temple members have married out of the faith. Although in often many cases their children are being raised within the faith.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1558.0,1570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, they are. Also, we've been responsible for . . . major changes in the way Christians see their own faith.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1570.0,1581.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e How so?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1581.0,1583.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e In the modern era, modern scholarship has made Christians aware of the Jewish roots of their religion. There's a crack that I tell my intelligent Christian friends by the rabbis that the New Testament is both new and good, but what good is not very new, and what's new is not very good. They take it nicely. I think that's true, by the way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1583.0,1611.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e You mentioned a moment ago, that culturally, socially, perhaps otherwise, Jews have been responsible for some of the good and some of the bad attributes of American society. Could you illustrate a couple of examples?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1611.0,1630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Jewish insecurity and antisemitism has made our people feel economically imperiled, and always ready to leave in a hurry for fear of . . . kidnaping and persecution. The result is we . . . have been interested in money, amassing wealth. Some of us at least have been willing to do things for money that we confess on Yom Kippur.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1630.0,1665.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e Not out loud I might say.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1665.0,1669.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Collectively, I think the Jews are very influential in the realm of popular culture and that a good view of what we created in films and television, in cinema, don't look good in the light of the biblical condition.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1669.0,1691.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e Ed, much of what you're saying now leads me to a question perhaps that might expand some of your commentary. What are some of the issues in American life in general, not just those that come to you as a Jew, which are important to you in our society? Give us some examples of where your concerns are.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1691.0,1715.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I thought of myself. I could speak almost professionary. I thought of myself as a cultural worker in my teaching and writing. My life, my career has coincided with tremendous blow up in American power and influence in the world. Now widely, since the demise of the Soviet Union in 1989, we are the world superpower. I'm repeating what everyone knows. If anyone reads this 100 years hence or listens to this 100 years hence, I'm sure they'll say, they may say it was something like this, \"You Americans, when the new millennium began, 2001 or 2002, were really very rich. You had many automobiles and refrigerators and television sets and lots of clothes and very good food. All the material advantages, largely subsidized and free higher education. You had all the opportunities that our species has striven for and couldn't have for centuries.\" [tape pauses and resumes] I almost think that adversity, the adversity that my grandparents faced, and their grandparents produces, quote, better men and women, men of stronger character, keener appreciation, more kindness, generosity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1715.0,1813.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e It's almost as if you were saying that in the time of your parents and grandparents generation that those were the . . . to put it in a rather cheap cliche, \"Those were the good old days.\" Those were the days when men and women were personally more accountable for their behavior and for the achievements that they're required to attain. But then again, men and women in those days, also had among their numbers, those who were not personally accountable, those who wasters . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1813.0,1854.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . They had scoundrels, to be sure . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1854.0,1856.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e . . .  All the rest of the characteristics of the human condition that we also have today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1856.0,1861.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Of course, and they weren't the good old days . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1861.0,1866.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . There never are good old days except right now . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1866.0,1868.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . Norman Rockwell or anybody else. But maybe a more compliant environment, more harmonious environment, instead of bringing out the best, leads us to lean back on our oars.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1868.0,1888.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e Let me ask. . .  let me put something to you this way. Let us fast forward 100 years from now. You're who you are, but 100 years later and you're in full power of your intellectual capacity and you’re a historian observing what happened today. What would you have expected of our society . . . give me some examples of how you think we should have better used the leisure and resources of this country?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1888.0,1926.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I would have expected that we suffer less from obesity, and I mean that symbolically. That the joys of alimentary canal at one end or the other would not be the [Hebrew phrase: something about the highest good:","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1926.0,1941.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"], the highest good of our people, that the vulgarity of Jewish life, for example as celebrated by Philip Roth in Goodbye, Columbus. It's a bit of a caricature, but there's some truth in it, and the Jews have sold out their spiritual heritage for a vulgar kind of materialism. I'm talking about Jews who are well favored, who are the products of good universities, who live in the best suburbs, who travel extensively abroad. They're not as attractive intellectually or morally as their ancestry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1941.0,1983.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you see this as a characteristic of the . . . larger society [indistinct: 33:08]?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1983.0,1989.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Something about the easy life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1989.0,1993.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e Do I understand? Do I hear you saying that this is the darker side of American culture?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1993.0,2001.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e We put our faith in materialism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2001.0,2004.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e What's the brighter side of that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2004.0,2006.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What is the Broadway play? \"If I had been a rich man.\" Now I am a rich man, and I've got lots of money, more than I can spend, and I don't know what to do with it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2006.0,2017.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e Your children are better educated. Your health, in spite of . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2017.0,2023.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . They are not better educated. They just have more certificates of achievement. There's a lot of self-deception. My father-in-law, who was a dentist and went to a high school in Paterson, New Jersey, knew more about classical languages than I did with a doctor's degree and history. I could never have passed the graduation exam that he passed. Certainly not that my grandfather at HUC passed. The better education, that's just a racket, a matter of giving out documents that . . . testing to nothing. In my view, I have taught these students.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2023.0,2068.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e I can almost hear you answering the question I'm about to ask you, but I rather hear from you. Give us a sense of how you value the enormous technological advances we've made in this computer age and the broadening of the availability of information and what that means for [us].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2068.0,2090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Everybody who's flown an airplane and knows that the earth isn't flat, at least in theory, and has seen the earth from 35,000 feet above. We do live longer. We don't suffer from the childhood diseases that I did. We've overcome polio, for example, and smallpox. We would think, one would think that we're stronger biological organs by far. We don't have the high fever, and we don't live on aspirin. People that would have died in the past, survive. You travel great distances. We see other kinds of people. We live in the so-called multi-cultural society. We don't know what there is about our own culture that's worth preserving. I am old enough to remember people who didn't have the benefits of modern education. I think they we're vastly more civilized.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2090.0,2153.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e Let me ask if perhaps with all of the wealth, resources, time, advanced degrees, that perhaps the application of these values could be better put to erasing poverty, reducing the distance between those who have wealth and those who do not have. To doing the same thing, not just within the United States, but on a global level. Is this where, 100 years from now, you would have expected the United States to put more of its efforts into a contribution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2153.0,2192.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e The people at the Jewish candy store owner used to help when I was a little boy, I . . . called his grandchildren dirty, antisemitic names. Now that's a fact. Human nature at the bottom has some very unattractive traits. Yetzer hara [Hebrew: bad impulses] and yetzer ha-tov [Hebrew: good impulses]. The good impulse and the bad impulse. We mustn't think that our benevolence always turns out right. I'm questioning some very fundamental assumptions we make, if your kind to something, you will reciprocate with kindness. Maybe not.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2192.0,2238.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e But there are real national problems with poverty, there are real global problems under, do I understand that . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2238.0,2249.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . Our analysis, both the Jewish analysis and the social scientific analysis of poverty is very superficial. It involves most saluting slogans in my opinion which will not bear close scrutiny.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2249.0,2263.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e Then what you're saying is that we're really not making a contribution to the [indistinct: 37:46: possibly: application] of poverty.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2263.0,2268.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e We think we are, and we congratulate ourselves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2268.0,2271.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e What would you have to do to do that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2271.0,2278.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e This is almost a religious impulse of mine. I guess in this context it's appropriate. First thing I would have us do, for religious reasons as well as for intellectual reasons, is tell the truth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2278.0,2289.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e Which is?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2289.0,2292.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't know the truth. Try to tell the truth. Try not to deceive others. Try not to be a hypocrite. Recognize when my own self-interest is causing me to distort the facts, as they really are.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2292.0,2305.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e I understand this to mean that if we make an effort to raise standards of living, the quality of life of others that we do it with an honest understanding of . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2305.0,2324.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . Standard of living and quality of life are slogans, doesn't mean they're bad slogans necessarily, but they conceal a multitude of sins.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2324.0,2331.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e What would you have us do, aside from recognize the honesty of our efforts?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2331.0,2336.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e As I said, start with telling the truth. Try to recognize when you're being seduced by your own self-interest. Your own wishes to appear generous, loving, kindly when you're really interested in power and improvement of your reputation. I think . . . biblical tradition. The prevailing tradition is pretty shrewd about people who are trying to augment themselves in the eyes of the multitude. But in their innermost heart [are] just as corrupt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2336.0,2372.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e I think I understand your point of view. Good comment. Let me go on. Is there something special in your lifetime that you've done or someone special that has . . . Let me revise that. Something special that you've done or participated in, and which makes you particularly proud of your Jewish heritage?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2372.0,2399.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e To the extent that I have a modest reputation as an art critic. To have some of my theory and practice of criticism and to have some influence, and it is a small niche in the totality of academic life and in schooling, but it's something. I believe, whatever the good that is about it, I can't claim to be entirely my own. I think being what I call the son of the Jewish people has enabled me to do what I do. I'm not very pious and I'm not observant and not learned but I know I'm a son of the Jewish people. That is about the best thing there is about me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2399.0,2445.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e Sounds like a very solid foundation to move your life along.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2445.0,2449.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I have no illusions about . . . I know that I didn't spring from a community of saints, and I know plenty of scoundrels in the immediate family that I know, not to mention my European ancestry so I have no illusions, and I'm pretty hard-nosed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2449.0,2466.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e Ed, you did serve in the military?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2466.0,2470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e [Indistinct: 41:10] I volunteered into the Air Corp, as many of my 18 year old friends did. Mainly because I didn't want to be in . . .  I grew up hearing about French warfare, and we thought everybody would spend their time in the mud. I thought it would be an ignominious death to die . . . It would be better to die going down in flames. Remember the Air Corps . . . [tape stops and resume]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2470.0,2493.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e It would hurt just as much, I'm sure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2493.0,2495.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e No doubt just as final, but I was 18 and incredibly ignorant. I washed out of the Air Corp [tape glitches] I spent three years and served without distinction. I went AWOL [Absent Without Official Leave] a couple of times. I got the good conduct medal. The best thing about that, for me personally, was that I survived. I was in New Guinea and the Philippines, and I never fired a shot. In the Air Corp, we never even carried weapons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2495.0,2519.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e What were the years?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2519.0,2521.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e 1943-1946. I got out I think in January. I got the G.I. Bill, which enabled me to complete most of my education. I saw parts [tape glitches] incredibly naive, encounter a little antisemitism in the training but it was not a great shot, I'd seen it before. Just emerged three years older. My friends on the other hand bombed Berlin [Germany] and they were lead navigators. They did wonderful things for the winning of [the war].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2521.0,2545.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e Let me ask . . . your opinion on whether . . .  Do you think Israel will receive peace with her Arab neighbors in your lifetime? Will they achieve it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2545.0,2556.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm always . . . I am a pro-Zionist. Although, I remember the classic Reform people were not pro-Zionist. [tape glitches] . . . Americans of the Jewish persuasion. I imagine . . . a two-state solution is the way to go. I certainly don't trust [Yasser] Arafat, and I don't trust the Europeans who favor him. I find the medieval outlook of Islam, and I know something about Islamic art, and a little about Islamic religion. I don't find it at all attractive. It's very intolerant. Never had a renaissance, never had an enlightenment. I think the Jews, because of their determination, cultural energy, which is very high. They've made mistakes to be sure. But I favor peoples . . . certainty enough favor [Benjamin] Netanyahu over Ehud Barak.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2556.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e Another words, a hawkish governance.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2610.0,2612.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. I do not confuse earth with heaven. I think . . . evil is real and . . . I think we have real enemies. There are people there who want to kill you and who have killed you. I'm not a Quaker and I'm not a pacifist. I don't hear the views of the Quakers and pacifist who are willing to see Jews die.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2612.0,2635.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you think [Ariel] Sharon can manage his government to stay in there for some time yet? He's hawkish generally than a lot of Israel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2635.0,2644.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e It does in Anthony Lewis, now happily retired from the New York Times. I'm quite . . .  I've subscribed to the New York Times for 60 years, and I'm very disappointed in their political stance. All I know about Sharon is he's a pretty good soldier and a farmer and an Eastern European Jew like me. I'd rather have him for a friend, than maybe some of the others.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2644.0,2669.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e You do think that it's just a matter of time for accommodation to be made?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2669.0,2674.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e As soon as we discover a fuel set technology, other than oil, the political scene will change radically. I think the Jews should fight for time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2674.0,2687.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e Enlarge your point there about the change in fuel investors for me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2687.0,2694.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e The pro-Arabists in the American State Department, partly romanticism of having read D. E. Lawrence or Lawrence of Arabia. Not D. E. Lawerence [but T. E. Lawrence]. It seems to me profoundly unrealistic, even to the standpoint of American, not to mention our Jewish interest. Some of it is based on the need for oil. Some of it is based on probably a residual antisemitism if the truth be known. The State Department was pretty damned antisemitic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2694.0,2724.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e Of course, has to ally itself to the causes, leverage they hold them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2724.0,2729.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e To some extent. I think former President Clinton handled this very badly and tried to lead Israel down the garden path for the sake of a place in history. I'm not even too keen on Carter’s . . . You want to call it hawkish, of course that's again the use of a . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2729.0,2749.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you see any . . . trend in President [George W.] Bush's recent comments about Arafat not doing his job in terrorism?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2749.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm encouraged by that. Now, this Bush may be a simple man as Reagan was a simple man, but he knows the difference between people that want to kill him and people who don't.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2760.0,2771.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you think that the larger and new kind of global issue of terrorism, which President Bush has embraced, will fold itself around the Israeli allies as will, so as continue to put Arafat [indistinct: 46:27].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2771.0,2792.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I remember all the presidents since Eisenhower, at least. At least with respect to their Middle East policy. The first one who has looked us in the eye and sadly said, \"The Arabs are determined to eliminate, drive the Jews into the sea,\" and act accordingly. Oddly enough with the wonderful black scholar, Condoleezza Rice, who studied with the father of our former secretary of state. She learned better.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2792.0,2827.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e It's truly speculative to ask. Do you think this churning American policy, if that's what it becomes, would have occurred had it not been for September 11th, the horrific terrorism that occurred . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2827.0,2839.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . I think those are parallel tracks. September 11th has reacquainted America with a reality they never wanted to accept, mainly evil once again creates an ash'layah [Hebrew: illusion] in Hebrew is real is not an illusion. It's not the consequence of poor nutrition. It really is something deep in the human personality that our Jewish forebearers understood, encountered every day. We have many organizations who don't believe it. They believe that human nature is infinitely malleable, and with the right number of calories and so forth per day, we can change human nature and eliminate some unattractive features. Now that doctrine, I take as biblical. I had it from Reinhold Niebuhr who I was very devoted to as a graduate student.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2839.0,2894.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e This raises the question of whether or not you think there ought to be a place in the State Department for your advice behold . . . You come from a very solid foundation, perhaps it would be welcomed in the State Department . . . based on this future policy, your own biblical analysis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2894.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e It would probably be so complexion you need a chief executive who can see clearly and who can . . .  get the State Department to do his bidding.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2910.0,2926.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e I think perhaps the President . . . who can distinguish white from black and not [be] confused by gray, which is perhaps the difficulty most days.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2926.0,2936.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Who doesn't think that the ultimate in wisdom and sophistication is saying I'm bad, and you're right, I'm always bad. You’re always right. [indistinct: 49:06: possibly: Ours is] almost a psychological problem. Maybe they all should be submitted . . . to a critical screening.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2936.0,2953.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e Let's leave it at that. I wish we had another tape to go on with this. I would like to hear some of your theories but let me come back to our questionnaire. Has there been a person or persons, events [that] have played a strong role in influencing [you]?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2953.0,2976.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I've been lucky with . . . to have one or two extraordinary teachers in philosophy and aesthetics, you have Abraham Kaplan, who died in Tel Aviv [Israel] by the way. I had him at UCLA and he was just a model of very Jewish intellectual as well as superbly trained mind. Then, ironically, I had a German professor, Berlin, PhD. 1911, Carl [indistinct: 50:03: possibly: Veats], who introduced me to the mystery of art and the human dimension dates and prominent works. They liberated me and opened up an intellectual event which enabled me to write and publish and lectures.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2976.0,3019.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e [Do you] have an events that might have caused you to take the other road that came along?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=3019.0,3027.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I said earlier the largest of them. I think what has shaped our time, my life totality. I think the images which occupy our mental space for good or for ill come from the electronic media, used to be the cinema but there's television. Incidentally, Jews are very prominent, this world at all levels, often for good. Jewish person [indistinct: 50:50: possibly: gets on board], we spanned the full spectrum of cupidity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=3027.0,3055.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e A good note. Ed, it's just been a pleasure. I'm so glad it will be available for all those critics of American culture 100 years from now they'll look back with promise. Wonder what we do . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=3055.0,3070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFELDMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e . . .  You ordered me, I could maybe wrap very nicely.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=3070.0,3073.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/transcript/71342/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPARER:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you, Ed, so much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=3073.0,3260.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCongregation Children of Israel in Athens, Georgia, was established in 1872. The first synagogue was at the corner of Hancock Avenue and Jackson Streets, where it remained for the next 84 years. In 1968 a new building was dedicated on Dudley Drive. It also purchased parcels of land for a cemetery in 1983 adjacent to Oconee Hills Cemetery. As of 2022, its current senior rabbi is Eric Linder. The congregation is a member of the Union for Reform Judaism.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=0.0,51.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAthens, Georgia is located in northeast Georgia. The city was founded in 1806 and is known for its antebellum architecture. The University of Georgia, the state's flagship public university and an R1 research institution, is in Athens and contributed to its initial growth. The city also has a growing food scene, an influential indie rock music scene, and is home to the Georgia Museum of Art. Athens has 15 neighborhoods on the National Register of Historic Places. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=0.0,51.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBurton “Burt” Sparer (1925-2011) was a member and former president of Congregation Children of Israel in Athens, Georgia. Sparer was born and raised in New York City and served in the Army Air Force in Guam and Japan during World War II. He studied Regional Planning at the University of North Carolina and served on various planning committees in Georgia. He was involved in numerous organizations and causes including mental health, Georgia Options, the League of Women Voters, and the Federation of Neighborhood Associations. He was married to Dorothy Sparer, and they had two children. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=51.0,87.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe State University of New York or SUNY is a system of public colleges and universities in the State of New York. It was founded in 1948 and has grown to 64 colleges and universities. It is one of the largest comprehensive systems of universities, colleges, and community colleges in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=51.0,87.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBroadway theatre or Broadway is a theater genre that consists of theatrical performances presented in 41 professional theaters, each with 500 or more seats, in the Theater District and Lincoln Center along Broadway, in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. Broadway and London's West End represent the highest commercial level of live theater in the English-speaking world.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=51.0,87.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLamar Dodd (1909-1996) was an American painter and professor whose worked reflected a love for the American South. He was born in Fairburn, Georgia and grew up in LaGrange, Georgia. He was known for his championing of local art. He was appointed as an artist in residence at the University of Georgia and later became the head of the art department. The Lamar Dodd School of Art at the University of Georgia is named in his honor.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=51.0,87.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eArt as Image and Idea\u003c/em\u003e was written by Edmund Burke Feldman and originally published in 1967 by Prentice-Hall. The book explores the structure, styles, and functions of the major visual art forms. It was republished in 1972 under the title \u003cem\u003eVarieties of Visual Experience\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=127.0,151.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePrentice Hall was a major American educational publisher from 1913-2020. It originally published print and later digital content for 6th-12th grade and higher-education. The company was an independent company for most of its existence but was and absorbed into Savvas Learning Company in its last few years.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=127.0,151.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarry N. Abrams, Inc. is now known as Abrams Books. It is an American publisher of art and illustrated books, children’s books, and stationary. Harry N. Abrams founded the company in November 1949. Today it is owned by French publisher Média-Participations.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=127.0,151.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Louvre is a national art museum located in Paris, France. It was founded in August 1793 and has become one of the most famous museums in the world. It is home to some of the most famous works in Western art, including the Mona Lisa, Venus de Milo, and Winged Victory.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=161.0,196.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSyracuse University is a private university located in Syracuse, New York. It was founded in 1870 with its roots originally in the Methodist Episcopal Church. Since 1920, it has been nonsectarian.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=234.0,283.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eUCLA or the University of California, Los Angeles is a public land grant research university in Los Angeles, California. It was established in 1881 as a normal school and was then known as the southern branch of the California State Normal School, which later became San Jose State University. The branch as transferred to the University of California and became the Southern Branch of the University of California in 1919. It is the second oldest campus of the ten-campus University of California system.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=234.0,283.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eColumbia University is a private Ivy League university located in New York City. The university was founded in 1754 and was known as King’s College. It is the oldest higher education institution in New York and the fifth oldest in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=234.0,283.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNewark is the most populous city in the state of New Jersey and a principal city in the New York metropolitan area. The Newark areas was settled in 1666 by the Puritans from the New Haven Colony, making it one of the oldest cities in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=234.0,283.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRobert Schindel (1916-2008) was a native of Newark, New Jersey. He moved to Athens, Georgia in 1953 and graduated from Georgia State University. He was the owner of Sitchraft Inc., a textile manufacturer in Athens. He was a member of Congregation Children of Israel and served as the congregation president. He and his wife, Reba Westbrook Schindel married in 1942, and they had three daughters.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=234.0,283.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Bamberger family was a well-known Jewish family in Newark, New Jersey. Louis Bamberger (1855-1944) was a businessman and philanthropist, who was one of the founders of Bamberger’s Department Store. His sister, Caroline Bamberger Frank Fuld (1864-1944) was also a businesswoman and philanthropist, who co-founded the store with her brother. Together, they later founded the Institute for Advance Study in Princeton, New Jersey. Bamberger’s department store operated from 1893-1986 and had stores on the East Coast.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=234.0,283.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Georgia (UGA) is a public land grant university, which was founded in 1785 making it one of the oldest universities in the United States. Its main campus is in Athens, Georgia with two satellite campuses in Atlanta and Lawrenceville. It is the flagship school of the University System of Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=283.0,289.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLivingston, Alabama is located in the west central part of the state. It is the county seat of Sumter County. It is home to the University of West Alabama. The city was incorporated in January 1835.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=289.0,311.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eUniversity of West Alabama is a public university in Livingston, Alabama. It was founded in 1835 and was known as Livingston State College from 1957-1967. It originally founded a church-supported school for young women called Livingston Female Academy.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=312.0,337.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Black Belt is a region in across the American South, generally from Virginia to Texas. The term originally referred to the region’s rich black soil. The term took on additional meaning in the 19th century, when the region was developed into cotton and some tobacco plantations that used enslaved African Americans to work the plantations. After the Civil War, many of the freed slaves stayed in the area as sharecroppers and tenant farmers, continuing to comprise the majority of the population in many of the counties across the region.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=312.0,337.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMeridian is a city in Lauderdale County in the state of Mississippi. It was established in 1860, at the junction of the Mobile and Ohio Railroad and Southern Railway of Mississippi. Meridian built an economy based on the railways and goods transported on them, and it became a strategic trading center. During the Civil War, General William Tecumseh Sherman burned much of the city to the ground in the Battle of Meridian in 1864. The city was rebuilt and has diversified in the 21st century, with healthcare, military, and manufacturing industries. The city is home to the Meridian Museum of Art, Meridian Little Theatre, and the Meridian Symphony Orchestra. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=312.0,337.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil Rights Movement encompasses social movements in the United States whose goal was to end racial segregation and discrimination against Black Americans and enforce constitutional voting rights to them. The movement was characterized by major campaigns of civil resistance. Between 1955 and 1968, acts of nonviolent protest and civil disobedience produced crisis situations between activists and government authorities. Noted legislative achievements during this phase of the Civil Rights Movement were passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the Immigration and Nationality Services Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=347.0,350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFeldman is likely referring to the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The Civil Rights Act (PL 88-352) was enacted on July 2, 1964. It outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. It ended unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the workplace, and by facilities that served the general public. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=350.0,368.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\"Bible Belt\" is an informal term for a region in the southeastern and south-central United States in which socially conservative evangelical Protestantism is a significant part of the culture and Christian church attendance across the denominations is generally higher than the nation’s average The Bible Belt consists of much of the southern United States extending west into Texas and Oklahoma.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=368.0,385.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAntisemitism is prejudice against, hostility to, or hatred of Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=368.0,385.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLailah Link Feldman (1925-2000) was a Paterson, New Jersey native. She attended Montclair State University where she majored in Speech and Drama. Lailah worked as a teacher for several years. She was active in community theater in Newton, New Jersey, New Paltz, New York, and Athens, Georgia’s Town and Gown Players. She married Edmund Feldman in 1953, and they had two daughters, Eva and Jessica and one grandchild, Nikki.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=385.0,462.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePaterson, New Jersey is the county seat of Passaic County and the third largest city in the state of New Jersey. It is located on the Passaic River. It is also known as the “Silk City” for its role in silk production during the 19th century. During World War II, Paterson played an important role in the aircraft engine industry.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=385.0,462.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDeep South” is a descriptive category of the cultural and geographic sub-regions in the American South. Today, the Deep South is generally considered to be Mississippi, Louisiana, Georgia and South Carolina. Some people add parts of Florida and Texas as well.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=385.0,462.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMemphis is a city on the Mississippi River in southwest Tennessee, in Shelby County. Memphis is the second-most populous city in Tennessee after Nashville. It is a historic and culturally significant city in the Southern United States, famous for the influential strains of blues, soul and rock 'n' roll that originated there. Elvis Presley, B.B. King, and Johnny Cash recorded albums at the legendary Sun Studio, and Presley’s Graceland mansion is a popular attraction. Other music landmarks include the Rock 'n' Soul Museum, Blues Hall of Fame, and Stax Museum of American Soul Music. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=385.0,462.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNashville is the capital city of Tennessee and was founded in 1779. It was named for Francis Nash, a general of the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War. The city is home to Vanderbilt University and the legendary country music venues like the Grand Ole Opry, Ryman Auditorium and the Country Music Hall of Fame.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=385.0,462.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eChattanooga is a city in Hamilton County, Tennessee. It is located along the Tennessee River, and borders Georgia to the south. Chattanooga was a crucial city during the American Civil War, due to the multiple railroads that converge there. After the war, the railroads allowed for the city to grow into one of the Southeastern United States' largest heavy industrial hubs. Chattanooga remains a transit hub in the present day, served by multiple Interstate highways and railroad lines. Chattanooga is internationally known for the 1941 hit song \"Chattanooga Choo Choo\" by Glenn Miller and his orchestra. It is home to the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga (UTC) and Chattanooga State Community College.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=385.0,462.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe New York Times\u003c/em\u003e is an American daily newspaper, founded and continuously published in New York City since September 18, 1851.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=385.0,462.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil War, widely known in the United States as the “Civil War” or the “War Between the States,” was fought from 1861 to 1865 to determine the survival of the Union or independence for the Confederacy. In January 1861, seven Southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America. The Confederacy, often called the “South,” grew to include 11 states, and although they claimed 13 states and additional western territories, the Confederacy was never diplomatically recognized by a foreign country. The states that did not declare secession were known as the “Union” or the “North.” The war had its origin in the issue of slavery. After four years of bloody combat, which left over 600,000 Union and Confederate soldiers dead and destroyed much of the South's infrastructure, the Confederacy collapsed, slavery was abolished, and the difficult Reconstruction process of restoring national unity and granting civil rights to freed slaves began.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=467.0,491.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFeldman is referring to Northern Illinois University, which is located in DeKalb, Illinois. Northern Illinois University was founded as Northern Illinois State Normal School in 1895. The university is now composed of seven degree-granting college and has approximately 16,000 students. It’s main campus is in DeKalb with satellite centers in Chicago, Naperville, Rockford, and Oregon, Illinois.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=497.0,575.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCharles Ferster (1922-1981) was an American behavioral psychologist. While at Harvard University, he and his colleague B. F. Skinner established the Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior in 1958. He was considered a pioneer of applied behavior analysis and developed errorless learning.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=624.0,723.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eB. F. Skinner (1904-1990) was an American psychologist, behaviorist, investor, and social philosopher. He was the Edgar Pierce Professor of Psychology at Harvard University from 1958 until his retirement in 1974. With his colleague, Charles Ferster, he established the Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior in 1958. He considered free will to be an illusion and saw human action as dependent on consequences of previous actions, which is a theory he would articulate as the principle of reinforcement. If the consequences to an action were bad, it likely won’t be repeat, but if the consequences to an action were good, it likely would be repeated.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=624.0,723.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarvard University is a private Ivy League university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It was found in 1636 and was named for its first benefactor, a Puritan clergyman John Harvard. It is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=624.0,723.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWilliam F. Wasserman (1922-2007) was a professor at Syracuse University, and chair of the school’s Quantitative Methods Department for over 27 years. He authored several textbooks, including with John Neter from the University of Georgia. He served in the Air Force during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=624.0,723.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJohn Neter (1923-2022) was a German-born American statistician. He lost his mother at eight years old, and his father immigrated with him to the United States in 1935 to escape Nazi persecution. He served in the Army during World War II. He taught at Syracuse University, the University of Minnesota, but spent much of his career teaching statistics at the University of Georgia. He published several books during his career.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=624.0,723.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMontclair State University is a public research university in Montclair, New Jersey. It was founded in 1908 as the New Jersey State Normal School at Montclair. The school is classified among “R2: Doctoral Universities- High research activity” and offers more than 300 majors, minors, and concentrations.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=624.0,723.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMetuchen is a suburban borough in Middlesex County in New Jersey. It was incorporated in 1900. It is a commuter town of New York City. Along with Edison, New Jersey, the borough is a regional commercial hub for central New Jersey.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=624.0,723.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGail Fisher (1935-2000) was an American actress who was one of the first black women to play substantive roles in American television. She was born and raised in New Jersey and graduated from Metuchen High School. She was best known for her role, Peggy Fair, in the television detective series Mannix from 1968-1975. She won two Golden Globe Awards and an Emmy Award for the role and was the first African American woman to when those awards. She won a NAACP Image Award in 1969.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=624.0,723.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Ely Pilchik (1913-2003) was born in Poland and came to the United States in 1920. He graduated from the University of Cincinnati in 1935 and was ordained at the Hebrew Union College in 1939. Pilchik lead congregation in Baltimore, Maryland and Tulsa, Oklahoma before becoming senior rabbi at Congregation B’nai Jeshurun in Short Hills, New Jersey. He served as president of the Central Conference of American Rabbis, the Jewish Book Council of America, and the New Jersey Board of Rabbis.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=624.0,723.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAthens Academy is an independent college preparatory coeducational day school in Athens, Georgia. Athens Academy was founded in 1967. As of 2017, the school enrollment is approximately 945 students. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=732.0,782.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTown and Gown Players is a theater company in Athens, Georgia. It was founded in 1953 and has conducted its performances in the Athens Community Theater since 1969.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=732.0,782.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNew Paltz, New York is an unincorporated town in Ulster County. It is located in the southeastern part of New York state. The town was founded in 1678 by French Huguenots by both patent from the governor and purchase of land from the Esopus Native American tribe. It is home to the State University of New York (SUNY) at New Paltz.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=732.0,782.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVaudeville was a theatrical genre of variety entertainment that began in France at the end of the 19th century. It became popular in the United States and Canada from the early 1880’s until the early 1930’s. A typical American vaudeville performance was made up of a series of separate, unrelated acts grouped together on a common bill. Some well-known American vaudeville performs included Buster Keaton, the Marx Brothers, Abbott and Costello, Bob Hope, Judy Garland, and Sammy Davis Jr.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=789.0,806.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The time of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries it started in about 1929, when the American stock market crashed, and lasted until the late 1930s or early 1940s. It was the longest, most widespread, and deepest depression of the twentieth century. The Great Depression is often seen as the major turning point in 20th-century world history. In Europe, World War I had a long-term impact on the economy and financial stability. Postwar inflation spiraled into hyperinflation by the 1920’s and European banks struggled to stay open. Exasperating the situation were skyrocketing unemployment rates. The Great Depression had immediately visible political and social ramifications in Europe, including increased antisemitism and nationalism.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=789.0,806.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRadio-Keith-Orpheum or RKO was a corporation that was formed in 1928 with the merger of the Keith-Albee-Orpheum (KAO) vaudeville circuit and Orpheum Circuit, a chain of vaudeville and movie theaters. KAO and Orpheum operated vaudeville theaters around the country. After the merger, the RKO became a major motion picture studio during the 1930’s-1950’s. The company ceased production in 1958.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=789.0,806.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOglethorpe University is a private college in Brookhaven, Georgia. It was founded in 1835 and named after General James Oglethorpe, who was the founder of the Georgia colony.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=812.0,862.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCharles Dickens (1812-1870) was an English novelist, journalist, short story writer, and social critic. He is known for creating some of literature’s best-known fictional character. He is considered regarded as one of the greatest novelists of the Victorian era.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=867.0,895.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eA Christmas Carol\u003c/em\u003e is a novella written by Charles Dickens and published in 1843. It recounts the story of Ebenezer Scrooge, an elderly miser who is visited by the ghost of his former business partner Jacob Marley and the spirts of Christmas Past, Present, and Yet to Come. The visits from the spirits results in Scrooge’s transformation to a kinder, gentler man.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=867.0,895.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOdesa, also known by the Russian spelling Odessa, is the third largest city in Ukraine and is a major seaport and transportation hub located on the northwestern shore of the Black Sea. In response to the bombing of Odesa during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the city center was declared a World Heritage Site and added to the List of World Heritage in Danger by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee. During the 19th century, the city was the fourth largest in the Russian Empire and was part of the Soviet Union until its collapse and Independence of Ukraine in 1991. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=913.0,949.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEphraim Feldman (1862-1910) was born in Russia and immigrated to the United States in 1882. He was a professor at Hebrew Union College and was known as a linguist and head professor of the department of the Talmud. He died at his home as he was leaving to receive the degree of Doctor of Divinity. He married Eva Alter in August 1892, and they had six sons. He was the grandfather of Dr. Edmund Burke Feldman.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=913.0,949.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion (HUC-JIR), founded in 1875, is the oldest Jewish seminary in the Americas and the main training seminary for rabbis, cantors, educators, and communal workers in Reform Judaism. It has campuses in Cincinnati, New York, Los Angeles, and Jerusalem.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=913.0,949.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCincinnati is located on the Ohio River, in the state of Ohio. The city was incorporated in 1820 and today is the third largest city in the state.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=913.0,949.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Ronald Gerson (b. 1947) is a native of San Diego, Florida. He graduated from UCLA and attended Hebrew Union College. He was ordained in 1974. He served congregations in Florida and in 1990 he became senior rabbi at Congregation Children of Israel in Athens, Georgia where he served until his retirement in 2012. He and his wife, Tamra, have two children Tzipporah and Phillip.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=949.0,951.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSavannah is the oldest city in the state of Georgia. It is a coastal city, separated from Charleston, South Carolina by the Savannah River. The city and the colony of Georgia was founded in 1733 when General James Oglethorpe and settlers arrived. During the Revolutionary War the city was the southernmost commercial port and during the Civil War it was the sixth most populous city in the Confederacy. City officials negotiated a peaceful surrender of the city in 1864, saving the city from destruction by General Sherman’s army. The city is known for its historic district with its 22 parklike squares, which was based on a design known as the Oglethorpe Plan.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=951.0,996.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJacob Rader Marcus (1896-1995) was a scholar of Jewish history and a Reform rabbi. He attended Hebrew Union College (HUC) and was ordained in 1920. He was appointed to the faculty of HUC and taught biblical history. He earned his Ph.D. in 1925. After World War II, he devoted most of his career to American Jewish history and founded the American Jewish Archives in Cincinnati, Ohio in 1947 on the HUC campus. Marcus was the author of The Jew in the Medieval World: A Source Book: 315-1791.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=997.0,1036.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGotthard Deutsch (1859-1921) was a biblical scholar born in Austria. He attended the University of Vienna. He moved to the United States in 1891, after accepting the position of chair of Jewish history and philosophy at Hebrew Union College. He became dean in 1902 and was appointing acting president for a year in 1903. Additionally, he worked as editor and chief contributor to the Jewish Encyclopedia, and a corresponding secretary for the Central Conference of American Rabbis.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1042.0,1088.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Isaac Meyer Wise (1819-1900) was one of the founders of the American Reform movement, editor, and author. He was born in Bohemia, today part of the Czech Republic. He served as a rabbi in Radnice, Czech Republic before immigrating to the United States in 1846. In 1853, he became a rabbi at Beth K.K B’nai Jeshurun Congregation in Cincinnati, Ohio, where he served for 46 years. He was one of the founders of Hebrew Union College in 1875, believing there was a need of a college where young Jewish men could receive an education.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1042.0,1088.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe body of stories told by Jewish rabbinic sages to explain passages in the \u003cem\u003eTanakh\u003c/em\u003e (Old Testament). \u003cem\u003eMidrash\u003c/em\u003e interprets biblical stores by filling in the gaps left in the narrative regarding events and personalities that are only hinted at.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1149.0,1197.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eWho's Who\u003c/em\u003e is the title of a number of reference publications, generally containing concise biographical information on a particular group of people.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1149.0,1197.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II (abbreviated WWII or WW2) was a global war involving fighting in most of the world and most countries. Most countries fought in the years 1939–1945 but some started fighting in 1937. Most of the world's countries, including all the great powers, fought as part of two military alliances: the Allies and the Axis Powers. World War II was the largest and deadliest conflict in all of history. It involved more countries, cost more money, involved more people, and killed more people than any other war in history. Between 50 to 85 million people died. The majority were civilians. It included massacres, the deliberate genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, starvation, disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons against civilians in history.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1238.0,1303.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Holocaust was the systematic, government-sponsored attempt by the German Nazi government to annihilate the Jews of Europe between 1939 and 1945, which resulted in the deaths of 6,000,000 Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1238.0,1303.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCatholic monarchs Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile established the Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition, commonly known as the “Spanish Inquisition,” in 1478. It was originally intended to ensure the orthodoxy of those who converted to Catholicism from Judaism and Islam. Those Jews who converted were called conversos (converts), and were regarded with deep suspicion by the tribunal. Eventually, all Jews who refused to convert were totally expelled from Spain in 1492. The figures vary dramatically from 800,000 to more modern figures of 40,000 (with about 40,000 Jews converting to avoid expulsion). The Jews immigrated first to Portugal (which in turn expelled them in 1497), and then to North Africa. Some went to Italy, Greece, and other places in Europe. These became the “Sephardim.” The conversos who remained in Spain were heavily persecuted, and, if accused and convicted of being a “crypto-Jew,” were often burned at the stake. Other minorities suffered as well.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1238.0,1303.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePogrom is a Russian word meaning \"to wreak havoc, to demolish violently\" that historically refers to violent attacks on by local non-Jewish populations on Jews. Anti-Jewish pogroms in the Russian Empire were large-scale, targeted, and repeated anti-Jewish rioting that first began in the 19th century. Pogroms began occurring after the Russian Empire acquired territories with large Jewish populations from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Ottoman Empire during 1772–1815.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1238.0,1303.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eReform Judaism is a division within Judaism, especially in North America and the United Kingdom. Historically it began in the 19th century. In general, the Reform movement maintains that Judaism and Jewish traditions should be modernized and compatible with participation in Western culture. While the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e remains the law, in Reform Judaism women are included (mixed seating, \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e, and women rabbis), instrumental music is allowed in the services, and most of the service is in the local language as opposed to Hebrew.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1238.0,1303.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJonathan Amster (b. 1955) lives in Athens, Georgia. He received his bachelors, masters, and Ph.D. from Cornell University. He completed postdoctoral research at the University of California, Irvine. Amster is a professor of chemistry at the University of Georgia and served as department chair from 2009-2019. He has served as a religious teacher at Congregation Children of Israel. He and his wife, Michelle have one daughter.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1303.0,1327.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYiddish is the common historical language of Ashkenazi Jews from Central and Eastern Europe. It is heavily Germanic based but uses the Hebrew alphabet. The language was spoken or understood as a common tongue for many European Jews up until the middle of the twentieth century. Although the terms “Yiddish” and “Yid” are sometimes used to refer to Jews, Yiddish is a reference to a person's language and not necessarily their ethnicity, religion, or culture. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1327.0,1365.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCharles de Gaulle (1890-1970) was a French statesman who the Free French government during World War II while it was in exile and President of France after the war.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1398.0,1476.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Ivy League is an American collegiate athletic conference that is made of eight private research universities in the northeastern United States. The schools included Brown University, Columbia University, Yale University, Harvard University, Princeton University, Cornell University, Dartmouth University, and the University of Pennsylvania.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1503.0,1512.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLionel Trilling (1905-1975) was an American literary critic, short story writer, essayist, and teacher. In 1938, he became Columbia University’s first tenured Jewish professor in its English department. He was one the leading U.S. critics of the 20th century who analyzed the contemporary cultural, social, and political implications of literature. He was a member of the New York Intellectuals and contributor to the \u003cem\u003ePartisan Review\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1516.0,1524.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSmith College is a private liberal arts women’s college in Northampton, Massachusetts. It was chartered in 1871 by Sophia Smith with the money she inherited from her wealthy father. The college opened in 1875. The campus houses the Smith’s Museum of Art and Botanic Garden, which was designed by famed landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1524.0,1558.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWellesley College is a private liberal arts women’s college in Wellesley, Massachusetts. It was in 1870 by Henry and Pauline Durant as a female seminary. It is member of the historic Seven Sister colleges, a group of historically female colleges in Northeastern United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1524.0,1558.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDartmouth College is a private Ivy League research university in Hanover, New Hampshire. The university was established in 1769 by Eleazar Wheelock. Dartmouth is one of the nine colonial colleges chartered before the American Revolutionary War.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1524.0,1558.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePenn State was founded in 1855 and is a public state-related land grant research university. It has campuses and facilities throughout Pennsylvania, but the largest and original campus is located in University Park.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1524.0,1558.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Christian Bible has two sections, the Old Testament (the original Hebrew Bible, the sacred scriptures of the Jewish faith written between 1200 and 165 BC), and the New Testament (books written by Christians in the first century AD). Christians study both the Old and New Testaments, while Jews only study the Old Testament.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1583.0,1611.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: “day of atonement”] The most sacred day of the Jewish year. \u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e is a 25-hour fast day. Most of the day is spent in prayer, reciting \u003cem\u003eyizkor\u003c/em\u003e for deceased relatives, confessing sins, requesting divine forgiveness, and listening to \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e readings and sermons. People greet each other with the wish that they may be sealed in the heavenly book for a good year ahead. The day ends with the blowing of the \u003cem\u003eshofar\u003c/em\u003e (a ram’s horn).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1630.0,1665.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn the late 1980s, the Soviet Union’s last leader Mikhail Gorbachev sought to implement various reforms. During the same period various Soviet satellite countries overthrew their Marxist-Leninist regimes. By 1991, a coup attempt against Gorbachev failed and the Soviet Union collapsed with various republics of the Soviet Union remerging as independent nations.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1715.0,1813.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNorman Rockwell (1894-1978) was a twentieth century American painter and illustrator. His appeal related to his reflection of American culture. He is most famous for cover illustrations of everyday life scenarios he created for the Saturday Evening Post magazine for more than four decades.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1868.0,1888.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePhilip Roth (1933-2018) was an American novelist and short-story writer. Many of his writing were set in his birthplace of Newark, New Jersey. His 1959 short story collection Goodbye, Columbus won the U.S. National Book Award for Fiction. He became one of the most honored American writers of his generation and was known for his intensely autobiographical characters and exploration of American identity.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1941.0,1983.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eGoodbye, Columbus\u003c/em\u003e is a novella written in 1959 by Philip Roth. It is a collection of six short stories. Each story deals with the concerns of second and third generation assimilate American Jews as they leave the ethnic ghettos of their parents and grandparents and go to college, to white-collar professions, and to life in the suburbs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=1941.0,1983.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePolio is a highly infectious viral disease that mainly affects the nerves in the spinal cord or brain steam. Polio can lead to paralysis, trouble breathing or death. A vaccine for the disease was developed by Jonas Salk in 1955.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2090.0,2153.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSmallpox is a highly contagious disease caused by the variola virus. The diseased cause millions of death before it was eradicated. The World Health Organization (WHO) launched an intense program to eradicate smallpox in 1967. In 1980, WHO declared smallpox eradicated, the only infectious disease to achieve this.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2090.0,2153.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe United States Army Air Corps was the aerial warfare service component of the United States Army between 1926 and 1941. The Air Corps became the United States Army Airforce on June 20, 1941. During World War II, the Air Corp remained part of the combat arms of the Army. In 1947, the Air Corps legally became the Department of the Air Force and a separate branch of the military.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2470.0,2493.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944, also known as the “G.I. Bill,” was a law that provided a range of benefits for returning World War II veterans. It provides low-cost mortgages, low-interest loans to start a business, as well as educational assistance to service members, veterans, and their dependents.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2521.0,2545.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBerlin is the capital and largest and most populous city in Germany and the European Union. Berlin was built along the banks of the Spree River and about one-third of the city's area is composed of forests, parks and gardens, rivers, canals, and lakes. After World War II at the onset of the Cold War, Berlin was occupied by the United States, the United Kingdom, and France. The city was split into West Berlin and East Berlin, divided by the Berlin Wall. East Berlin was declared the capital of East Germany, while Bonn became the West German capital. Following German reunification in 1990, Berlin once again became the capital of all of Germany. Today, Berlin is a hub for tourism and industries including the healthcare industry, biomedical engineering, biotechnology, the automotive industry, and electronics. Berlin is home to several universities such as the Humboldt University of Berlin, the Technical University of Berlin, and the Free University of Berlin. Berlin is also home to three World Heritage Sites, the Brandenburg Gate, the Reichstag building, the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, the Berlin Wall Memorial, and the Berlin Zoological Garden. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2521.0,2545.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eZionism is a movement which supports a Jewish national state in the territory defined as the Land of Israel. Although Zionism existed before the nineteenth century, in the 1890s Theodor Herzl popularized it and gave it a new urgency, as he believed that Jewish life in Europe was threatened and a State of Israel was needed. The State of Israel was established in 1948 and Zionism today is expressed as support for the continued existence of Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2556.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe two-state solution is a proposed approach to resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, by creating two states on the territory of the former Mandatory Palestine. The first proposal for separate Jewish and Arab states in the territory was made by the British Peel Commission in 1937. Since that time the question of a two-state solution has been much debated and efforts to get agreement on a two-state plan have proven difficult and have led to conflict.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2556.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMohammed Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf al-Qudwa al-Husseini, popularly known as Yasser Arafat (1929-­2004), was Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and then President of the Palestinian National Authority (PND). He was also the leader of the Fatah political party and paramilitary group which he founded in 1959.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2556.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBenjamin “Bibi” Netanyahu (b. 1949) is an Israeli politician and current prime minister (2022) of Israel. He previously served as prime minister from 1996-1999 and 2009-2021. He is the chair of the Likud political party and the long-serving prime minister in Israel’s history. Netanyahu was born in Israel and was raised in West Jerusalem and the United States. He attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and served in the Israel Defense Force. He served as Israel’s ambassador to the United Nations from 1984-1988 and was elected chair of the Likud party in 1993. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2556.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEhud Barak (1942- ) is an Israeli politician who served as Prime Minister for 1999 to 2001. He was the leader of the Labor Party between 1997-2001 and 2007-2011 He was born in Israel. Barak served in the Israeli Defense Forces from 1959-1995, eventually being appointed as the Chief of the General Staff. His political career began in 1995 with an appointment as interior minister. He retired from politics in 2012 and attempted a comeback in 2019 running in the Israeli legislative election as the leader of the Israel Democratic Party, which he formed, but his party did not win enough seats.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2556.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eQuakers, or Friends, are an international family of diverse Christian religious organizations. They are theologically diverse. They started in England in the 17th century by George Fox, who was convinced that it was possible to have a direct experience of Christ without clergy. He admonished his followers that they should tremble at the word of G-d, so they became derisively called the ‘Quakers.’\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2612.0,2635.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePacifist is a person who believes that war and violence are unjustified. The word pacifism was coined by the French peace campaigner Émile Arnaud and adopted by other peace activists at the tenth Universal Peace Congress in 1901.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2612.0,2635.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAriel Sharon (born Ariel Scheinerman in 1928 in Palestine) was an Israeli general who served as the Prime Minister of Israel from 2001 to 2006. In 2005, he had a stroke that incapacitated him and was replaced by Ehud Olmert. Sharon died in 2014.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2635.0,2644.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJoseph Anthony Lewis (1927-2013) was an Jewish American public intellectual and journalist for the New York Times. He was a two time winner of the Pulitzer Prize. He is credited with creating the field of legal journalism in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2644.0,2669.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe United States State Department is the executive department of the U.S. federal government that is responsible for country’s foreign policy and relations. It’s primary duties are to advise the U.S. President on international relations, administer diplomatic missions, negotiate international treaties and agreements, and represent the U.S. at the United Nations. The State Department was founded in July 1789 and is headed by the Secretary of State.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2694.0,2724.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThomas Edward (T.E.) Lawrence (1888-1935) was a British officer, archaeologist, diplomat, and writer known for his role during the Arab Revolt, and Sinai and Palestine campaign against the Ottoman Empire in World War I. His activities and writing earned him international fame as Lawrence of Arabia. This nickname was used for the 1962 film based on his wartime activities. The movie starred Peter O’Toole and was nominated for ten Oscars winning seven including Best Picture and Best Director.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2694.0,2724.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWilliam Jefferson Clinton (1946- ) was the 42nd President of the United States. He served from 1993 to 2001. He was a Democrat. Clinton was impeached in his second term. He faced charges of perjury and obstruction of justice in December 1998-February 1999, but was acquitted. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2729.0,2749.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Oslo Accords are a set of agreements between the government of Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). On September 13, 1993, Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and PLO Negotiator Mahmoud Abbas signed a Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements, commonly referred to as the “Oslo Accord,” in Washington D.C. Israel accepted the PLO as the representative of the Palestinians, and the PLO renounced terrorism and recognized Israel’s right to exist in peace. Both sides agreed that a Palestinian Authority (PA) would be established and assume governing responsibilities in the West Bank and Gaza Strip over a five-year period. Then, permanent status talks on the issues of borders, refugees, and Jerusalem would be held. By 2000, the peace process had run aground, and a new round of Israeli-Palestinian violence, known as the Second Intifada, had begun.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2729.0,2749.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJames Earl “Jimmy” Carter Jr. (1924- ) was the 39th President of the United States from 1977 to 1981. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served as a Georgia State Senator from 1963 to 1967 and as the 76th governor of Georgia from 1971 to 1975. Founder of the Carter Center, he was awarded the 2002 Nobel Peace Prize for work to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development. He is the author of numerous books, including \u003cem\u003ePalestine: Peace Not Apartheid\u003c/em\u003e (2006), \u003cem\u003eAn Hour Before Daylight\u003c/em\u003e (2001) and \u003cem\u003eOur Endangered Values\u003c/em\u003e (2005). \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2729.0,2749.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorge Walker Bush (b. 1946) was the 43rd President of the United States. He served from 2001 to 2009 and he was a Republican. He also served as the 46th governor of Texas from 1995 to 2000. He is the eldest son of the 41st president, George H. W. Bush. In the 2000 presidential election, he won over Democratic incumbent Vice President Al Gore, while losing the popular vote after a narrow and contested Electoral College win. In office, Bush signed a major tax-cut program and an education-reform bill, the No Child Left Behind Act. He pushed for socially conservative efforts such as the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act and faith-based initiatives. He also initiated the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, in 2003, to address the AIDS epidemic. The terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, decisively reshaped his administration, resulting in the start of the war on terror and the creation of the Department of Homeland Security and the creation of the Patriot Act to authorize surveillance of suspected terrorists. In 2004, Bush was re-elected president in a close race, beating Democratic opponent John Kerry and winning the popular vote. Bush was widely criticized for his handling of Hurricane Katrina and the midterm dismissal of U.S. attorneys. At various points in his presidency, he was among both the most popular and the most unpopular presidents in U.S. history. He received the highest recorded approval ratings in the wake of the September 11 attacks, and one of the lowest ratings during the 2007 to 2008 financial crisis. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2749.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRonald Wilson Reagan (1911-2004) was the 40th President of the United States. He served from 1981 to 1989 and he was a Republican. Reagan began his career in the entertainment industry, from 1947 to 1952, and from 1959 to 1960, Reagan served as the president of the Screen Actors Guild. During the 1950’s, he worked in television and spoke for General Electric. He was elected governor of California in 1966 and in 1980, Reagan won the Republican nomination and then a landslide victory over incumbent Democratic president Jimmy Carter in the presidential election. Reagan implemented \"Reaganomics\", which involved economic deregulation and cuts in both taxes and government spending during a period of stagflation. Additionally, he expanded the war on drugs, signing the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 and 1988 to specify penalties for drug offenses. Both bills have been criticized in the years since for promoting racial disparities. Reagan has also been criticized for his slow and minimal response to the AIDS epidemic in the United States, which began early in his presidency. Reagan and Soviet Union leader Mikhail Gorbachev held four summit conferences between 1985 and 1988 and Reagan is credited with ushering in a new era of trade and openness between the two powers. On March 30, 1981, Reagan was shot by John Hinckley Jr. outside the Washington Hilton and recovered after undergoing surgery.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2760.0,2771.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDwight David Eisenhower (1890-1969) was the 34th President of the United States, serving from 1953 until 1961. Eisenhower was born a Mennonite family in Texas and graduated from West Point in 1915. He was a five-star general in the United States Army during World War II and served as Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces in Europe, headquartered in Reims, France. Eisenhower was a moderate conservative who continued New Deal agencies and expanded Social Security. He signed the Civil Rights Act of 1957, deploying Army troops to enforce federal court orders that integrated schools in Little Rock, Arkansas. His administration is responsible for the development and construction of the American Interstate Highway System and the creation of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). In his farewell address, he expressed his concerns about the dangers of massive military spending, particularly deficit spending and government contracts to private military manufacturers, which he dubbed \"the military-industrial complex\", still a concern expressed by politicians today. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2792.0,2827.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCondoleezza Rice (b. 1954) is an American diplomat and political scientist. She served as the United States National Security Advisor from 2001 to 2005 and Secretary of State from 2005 to 2009 under President George W. Bush. She was the first female African American Secretary of State and the first woman to serve as a National Security Advisor. She currently directs the Hoover Institute at Stanford University.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2792.0,2827.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe September 11th attacks, often referred to as 9/11, were a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks by the Islamist terrorist group Al-Qaeda against the United States on the morning of Tuesday, September 11, 2001. The attacks resulted in 2,977 fatalities, over 25,000 injuries, and substantial long-term health consequences, in addition to at least $10 billion in infrastructure and property damage. As of 2022, It is the single deadliest terrorist attack in human history and the single deadliest incident for firefighters and law enforcement officers in the history of the United States, with 343 and 72 killed, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2827.0,2839.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKarl Paul Reinhold Niebuhr (1892-1971) was an American theologian and commentator on public affairs. He explained how the sin of pride created evil in the world and attacked utopianism as ineffectual for dealing with reality. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2839.0,2894.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAbraham Kaplan (1918-1993) was an American philosopher and professor. He is known for being the first philosopher to systematically examine the behavioral sciences in his book, \u003cem\u003eThe Conduct of Inquiry\u003c/em\u003e. He was born in Odesa, Ukraine and immigrated to the United States in 1923. He received his Ph.D. in philosophy in 1942 from the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). He taught philosophy at UCLA from 1946 until 1965, and he also taught at New York University, the University of Michigan, and the University of Haifa in Israel. He was named one of the top ten teachers in the United States by \u003cem\u003eTime\u003c/em\u003e magazine in 1966.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2976.0,3019.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724/annotation_set/1545/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTel Aviv, Israel is located on the Mediterranean coast. It is considered the economic and technological center of Israel. It is the country’s second most populous city after Jerusalem.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136184/file/252724#t=2976.0,3019.0"}]}]}]}